typeorm 0.2.38-dev.324f1d8

package/README.md

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+<div align="center">
+  <a href="http://typeorm.io/">
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+  <br>
+  <br>
+</div>
+
+TypeORM is an [ORM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping)
+that can run in NodeJS, Browser, Cordova, PhoneGap, Ionic, React Native, NativeScript, Expo, and Electron platforms
+and can be used with TypeScript and JavaScript (ES5, ES6, ES7, ES8).
+Its goal is to always support the latest JavaScript features and provide additional features
+that help you to develop any kind of application that uses databases - from
+small applications with a few tables to large scale enterprise applications
+with multiple databases.
+
+TypeORM supports both [Active Record](./docs/active-record-data-mapper.md#what-is-the-active-record-pattern) and [Data Mapper](./docs/active-record-data-mapper.md#what-is-the-data-mapper-pattern) patterns,
+unlike all other JavaScript ORMs currently in existence,
+which means you can write high quality, loosely coupled, scalable,
+maintainable applications the most productive way.
+
+TypeORM is highly influenced by other ORMs, such as [Hibernate](http://hibernate.org/orm/),
+ [Doctrine](http://www.doctrine-project.org/) and [Entity Framework](https://www.asp.net/entity-framework).
+
+## Features
+
+* supports both [DataMapper](./docs/active-record-data-mapper.md#what-is-the-data-mapper-pattern) and [ActiveRecord](./docs/active-record-data-mapper.md#what-is-the-active-record-pattern) (your choice)
+* entities and columns
+* database-specific column types
+* entity manager
+* repositories and custom repositories
+* clean object relational model
+* associations (relations)
+* eager and lazy relations
+* uni-directional, bi-directional and self-referenced relations
+* supports multiple inheritance patterns
+* cascades
+* indices
+* transactions
+* migrations and automatic migrations generation
+* connection pooling
+* replication
+* using multiple database connections
+* working with multiple databases types
+* cross-database and cross-schema queries
+* elegant-syntax, flexible and powerful QueryBuilder
+* left and inner joins
+* proper pagination for queries using joins
+* query caching
+* streaming raw results
+* logging
+* listeners and subscribers (hooks)
+* supports closure table pattern
+* schema declaration in models or separate configuration files
+* connection configuration in json / xml / yml / env formats
+* supports MySQL / MariaDB / Postgres / CockroachDB / SQLite / Microsoft SQL Server / Oracle / SAP Hana / sql.js
+* supports MongoDB NoSQL database
+* works in NodeJS / Browser / Ionic / Cordova / React Native / NativeScript / Expo / Electron platforms
+* TypeScript and JavaScript support
+* produced code is performant, flexible, clean and maintainable
+* follows all possible best practices
+* CLI
+
+And more...
+
+With TypeORM your models look like this:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column } from "typeorm";
+
+@Entity()
+export class User {
+
+    @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
+    id: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    firstName: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    lastName: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    age: number;
+
+}
+```
+
+And your domain logic looks like this:
+
+```javascript
+const repository = connection.getRepository(User);
+
+const user = new User();
+user.firstName = "Timber";
+user.lastName = "Saw";
+user.age = 25;
+await repository.save(user);
+
+const allUsers = await repository.find();
+const firstUser = await repository.findOne(1); // find by id
+const timber = await repository.findOne({ firstName: "Timber", lastName: "Saw" });
+
+await repository.remove(timber);
+```
+
+Alternatively, if you prefer to use the `ActiveRecord` implementation, you can use it as well:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column, BaseEntity } from "typeorm";
+
+@Entity()
+export class User extends BaseEntity {
+
+    @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
+    id: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    firstName: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    lastName: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    age: number;
+
+}
+```
+
+And your domain logic will look this way:
+
+```javascript
+const user = new User();
+user.firstName = "Timber";
+user.lastName = "Saw";
+user.age = 25;
+await user.save();
+
+const allUsers = await User.find();
+const firstUser = await User.findOne(1);
+const timber = await User.findOne({ firstName: "Timber", lastName: "Saw" });
+
+await timber.remove();
+```
+
+## Installation
+
+
+1. Install the npm package:
+
+    `npm install typeorm --save`
+
+2. You need to install `reflect-metadata` shim:
+
+    `npm install reflect-metadata --save`
+
+    and import it somewhere in the global place of your app (for example in `app.ts`):
+
+    `import "reflect-metadata";`
+
+3. You may need to install node typings:
+
+    `npm install @types/node --save-dev`
+
+4. Install a database driver:
+
+    * for **MySQL** or **MariaDB**
+
+        `npm install mysql --save` (you can install `mysql2` instead as well)
+
+    * for **PostgreSQL** or **CockroachDB**
+
+        `npm install pg --save`
+
+    * for **SQLite**
+
+        `npm install sqlite3 --save`
+
+    * for **Microsoft SQL Server**
+
+        `npm install mssql --save`
+
+    * for **sql.js**
+
+        `npm install sql.js --save`
+
+    * for **Oracle**
+
+        `npm install oracledb --save`
+
+        To make the Oracle driver work, you need to follow the installation instructions from
+        [their](https://github.com/oracle/node-oracledb) site.
+
+    * for **SAP Hana**
+
+        ```
+        npm i @sap/hana-client
+		npm i hdb-pool
+        ```
+
+        *SAP Hana support made possible by sponsorship of [Neptune Software](https://www.neptune-software.com/).*
+
+    * for **MongoDB** (experimental)
+
+        `npm install mongodb@^3.6.0 --save`
+
+    * for **NativeScript**, **react-native** and **Cordova**
+
+        Check [documentation of supported platforms](./docs/supported-platforms.md)
+
+    Install only *one* of them, depending on which database you use.
+
+
+##### TypeScript configuration
+
+Also, make sure you are using TypeScript version **3.3** or higher,
+and you have enabled the following settings in `tsconfig.json`:
+
+```json
+"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
+"experimentalDecorators": true,
+```
+
+You may also need to enable `es6` in the `lib` section of compiler options, or install `es6-shim` from `@types`.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+The quickest way to get started with TypeORM is to use its CLI commands to generate a starter project.
+Quick start works only if you are using TypeORM in a NodeJS application.
+If you are using other platforms, proceed to the [step-by-step guide](#step-by-step-guide).
+
+First, install TypeORM globally:
+
+```
+npm install typeorm -g
+```
+
+Then go to the directory where you want to create a new project and run the command:
+
+```
+typeorm init --name MyProject --database mysql
+```
+
+Where `name` is the name of your project and `database` is the database you'll use.
+Database can be one of the following values: `mysql`, `mariadb`, `postgres`, `cockroachdb`, `sqlite`, `mssql`, `oracle`, `mongodb`,
+`cordova`, `react-native`, `expo`, `nativescript`.
+
+This command will generate a new project in the `MyProject` directory with the following files:
+
+```
+MyProject
+├── src              // place of your TypeScript code
+│   ├── entity       // place where your entities (database models) are stored
+│   │   └── User.ts  // sample entity
+│   ├── migration    // place where your migrations are stored
+│   └── index.ts     // start point of your application
+├── .gitignore       // standard gitignore file
+├── ormconfig.json   // ORM and database connection configuration
+├── package.json     // node module dependencies
+├── README.md        // simple readme file
+└── tsconfig.json    // TypeScript compiler options
+```
+
+> You can also run `typeorm init` on an existing node project, but be careful - it may override some files you already have.
+
+The next step is to install new project dependencies:
+
+```
+cd MyProject
+npm install
+```
+
+While installation is in progress, edit the `ormconfig.json` file and put your own database connection configuration options in there:
+
+```json
+{
+   "type": "mysql",
+   "host": "localhost",
+   "port": 3306,
+   "username": "test",
+   "password": "test",
+   "database": "test",
+   "synchronize": true,
+   "logging": false,
+   "entities": [
+      "src/entity/**/*.ts"
+   ],
+   "migrations": [
+      "src/migration/**/*.ts"
+   ],
+   "subscribers": [
+      "src/subscriber/**/*.ts"
+   ]
+}
+```
+
+Particularly, most of the time you'll only need to configure
+`host`, `username`, `password`, `database` and maybe `port` options.
+
+Once you finish with configuration and all node modules are installed, you can run your application:
+
+```
+npm start
+```
+
+That's it, your application should successfully run and insert a new user into the database.
+You can continue to work with this project and integrate other modules you need and start
+creating more entities.
+
+> You can generate an even more advanced project with express installed by running
+`typeorm init --name MyProject --database mysql --express` command.
+
+> You can generate docker-compose file by running
+`typeorm init --name MyProject --database postgres --docker` command.
+
+## Step-by-Step Guide
+
+What are you expecting from ORM?
+First of all, you are expecting it will create database tables for you
+and find / insert / update / delete your data without the pain of
+having to write lots of hardly maintainable SQL queries.
+This guide will show you how to setup TypeORM from scratch and make it do what you are expecting from an ORM.
+
+### Create a model
+
+Working with a database starts from creating tables.
+How do you tell TypeORM to create a database table?
+The answer is - through the models.
+Your models in your app are your database tables.
+
+For example, you have a `Photo` model:
+
+```javascript
+export class Photo {
+    id: number;
+    name: string;
+    description: string;
+    filename: string;
+    views: number;
+    isPublished: boolean;
+}
+```
+
+And you want to store photos in your database.
+To store things in the database, first you need a database table,
+and database tables are created from your models.
+Not all models, but only those you define as *entities*.
+
+### Create an entity
+
+*Entity* is your model decorated by an `@Entity` decorator.
+A database table will be created for such models.
+You work with entities everywhere with TypeORM.
+You can load/insert/update/remove and perform other operations with them.
+
+Let's make our `Photo` model as an entity:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity } from "typeorm";
+
+@Entity()
+export class Photo {
+    id: number;
+    name: string;
+    description: string;
+    filename: string;
+    views: number;
+    isPublished: boolean;
+}
+```
+
+Now, a database table will be created for the `Photo` entity and we'll be able to work with it anywhere in our app.
+We have created a database table, however what table can exist without columns?
+Let's create a few columns in our database table.
+
+### Adding table columns
+
+To add database columns, you simply need to decorate an entity's properties you want to make into a column
+with a `@Column` decorator.
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, Column } from "typeorm";
+
+@Entity()
+export class Photo {
+
+    @Column()
+    id: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    name: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    description: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    filename: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    views: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    isPublished: boolean;
+}
+```
+
+Now `id`, `name`, `description`, `filename`, `views` and `isPublished` columns will be added to the `photo` table.
+Column types in the database are inferred from the property types you used, e.g.
+`number` will be converted into `integer`, `string` into `varchar`, `boolean` into `bool`, etc.
+But you can use any column type your database supports by explicitly specifying a column type into the `@Column` decorator.
+
+We generated a database table with columns, but there is one thing left.
+Each database table must have a column with a primary key.
+
+### Creating a primary column
+
+Each entity **must** have at least one primary key column.
+This is a requirement and you can't avoid it.
+To make a column a primary key, you need to use `@PrimaryColumn` decorator.
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, Column, PrimaryColumn } from "typeorm";
+
+@Entity()
+export class Photo {
+
+    @PrimaryColumn()
+    id: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    name: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    description: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    filename: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    views: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    isPublished: boolean;
+}
+```
+
+### Creating an auto generated column
+
+Now, let's say you want your id column to be auto-generated (this is known as auto-increment / sequence / serial / generated identity column).
+To do that, you need to change the `@PrimaryColumn` decorator to a `@PrimaryGeneratedColumn` decorator:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn } from "typeorm";
+
+@Entity()
+export class Photo {
+
+    @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
+    id: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    name: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    description: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    filename: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    views: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    isPublished: boolean;
+}
+```
+
+### Column data types
+
+Next, let's fix our data types. By default, string is mapped to a varchar(255)-like type (depending on the database type).
+Number is mapped to a integer-like type (depending on the database type).
+We don't want all our columns to be limited varchars or integers.
+Let's setup correct data types:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn } from "typeorm";
+
+@Entity()
+export class Photo {
+
+    @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
+    id: number;
+
+    @Column({
+        length: 100
+    })
+    name: string;
+
+    @Column("text")
+    description: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    filename: string;
+
+    @Column("double")
+    views: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    isPublished: boolean;
+}
+```
+
+Column types are database-specific.
+You can set any column type your database supports.
+More information on supported column types can be found [here](./docs/entities.md#column-types).
+
+### Creating a connection to the database
+
+Now, when our entity is created, let's create an `index.ts` (or `app.ts` whatever you call it) file and set up our connection there:
+
+```javascript
+import "reflect-metadata";
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+
+createConnection({
+    type: "mysql",
+    host: "localhost",
+    port: 3306,
+    username: "root",
+    password: "admin",
+    database: "test",
+    entities: [
+        Photo
+    ],
+    synchronize: true,
+    logging: false
+}).then(connection => {
+    // here you can start to work with your entities
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+We are using MySQL in this example, but you can use any other supported database.
+To use another database, simply change the `type` in the options to the database type you are using:
+`mysql`, `mariadb`, `postgres`, `cockroachdb`, `sqlite`, `mssql`, `oracle`, `cordova`, `nativescript`, `react-native`,
+`expo`, or `mongodb`.
+Also make sure to use your own host, port, username, password and database settings.
+
+We added our Photo entity to the list of entities for this connection.
+Each entity you are using in your connection must be listed there.
+
+Setting `synchronize` makes sure your entities will be synced with the database, every time you run the application.
+
+### Loading all entities from the directory
+
+Later, when we create more entities we need to add them to the entities in our configuration.
+This is not very convenient, so instead we can set up the whole directory, from where all entities will be connected and used in our connection:
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+
+createConnection({
+    type: "mysql",
+    host: "localhost",
+    port: 3306,
+    username: "root",
+    password: "admin",
+    database: "test",
+    entities: [
+        __dirname + "/entity/*.js"
+    ],
+    synchronize: true,
+}).then(connection => {
+    // here you can start to work with your entities
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+But be careful with this approach.
+If you are using `ts-node` then you need to specify paths to `.ts` files instead.
+If you are using `outDir` then you'll need to specify paths to `.js` files inside outDir directory.
+If you are using `outDir` and when you remove or rename your entities make sure to clear `outDir` directory
+and re-compile your project again, because when you remove your source `.ts` files their compiled `.js` versions
+aren't removed from output directory and still are loaded by TypeORM because they are present in the `outDir` directory.
+
+### Running the application
+
+Now if you run your `index.ts`, a connection with database will be initialized and a database table for your photos will be created.
+
+
+```shell
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+|                         photo                           |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+| id          | int(11)      | PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT |
+| name        | varchar(100) |                            |
+| description | text         |                            |
+| filename    | varchar(255) |                            |
+| views       | int(11)      |                            |
+| isPublished | boolean      |                            |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+```
+
+### Creating and inserting a photo into the database
+
+Now let's create a new photo to save it in the database:
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(connection => {
+
+    let photo = new Photo();
+    photo.name = "Me and Bears";
+    photo.description = "I am near polar bears";
+    photo.filename = "photo-with-bears.jpg";
+    photo.views = 1;
+    photo.isPublished = true;
+
+    return connection.manager
+            .save(photo)
+            .then(photo => {
+                console.log("Photo has been saved. Photo id is", photo.id);
+            });
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+Once your entity is saved it will get a newly generated id.
+`save` method returns an instance of the same object you pass to it.
+It's not a new copy of the object, it modifies its "id" and returns it.
+
+### Using async/await syntax
+
+Let's take advantage of the latest ES8 (ES2017) features and use async/await syntax instead:
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(async connection => {
+
+    let photo = new Photo();
+    photo.name = "Me and Bears";
+    photo.description = "I am near polar bears";
+    photo.filename = "photo-with-bears.jpg";
+    photo.views = 1;
+    photo.isPublished = true;
+
+    await connection.manager.save(photo);
+    console.log("Photo has been saved");
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+### Using Entity Manager
+
+We just created a new photo and saved it in the database.
+We used `EntityManager` to save it.
+Using entity manager you can manipulate any entity in your app.
+For example, let's load our saved entity:
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(async connection => {
+
+    /*...*/
+    let savedPhotos = await connection.manager.find(Photo);
+    console.log("All photos from the db: ", savedPhotos);
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+`savedPhotos` will be an array of Photo objects with the data loaded from the database.
+
+Learn more about EntityManager [here](./docs/working-with-entity-manager.md).
+
+### Using Repositories
+
+Now let's refactor our code and use `Repository` instead of `EntityManager`.
+Each entity has its own repository which handles all operations with its entity.
+When you deal with entities a lot, Repositories are more convenient to use than EntityManagers:
+
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(async connection => {
+
+    let photo = new Photo();
+    photo.name = "Me and Bears";
+    photo.description = "I am near polar bears";
+    photo.filename = "photo-with-bears.jpg";
+    photo.views = 1;
+    photo.isPublished = true;
+
+    let photoRepository = connection.getRepository(Photo);
+
+    await photoRepository.save(photo);
+    console.log("Photo has been saved");
+
+    let savedPhotos = await photoRepository.find();
+    console.log("All photos from the db: ", savedPhotos);
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+Learn more about Repository [here](./docs/working-with-repository.md).
+
+### Loading from the database
+
+Let's try more load operations using the Repository:
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(async connection => {
+
+    /*...*/
+    let allPhotos = await photoRepository.find();
+    console.log("All photos from the db: ", allPhotos);
+
+    let firstPhoto = await photoRepository.findOne(1);
+    console.log("First photo from the db: ", firstPhoto);
+
+    let meAndBearsPhoto = await photoRepository.findOne({ name: "Me and Bears" });
+    console.log("Me and Bears photo from the db: ", meAndBearsPhoto);
+
+    let allViewedPhotos = await photoRepository.find({ views: 1 });
+    console.log("All viewed photos: ", allViewedPhotos);
+
+    let allPublishedPhotos = await photoRepository.find({ isPublished: true });
+    console.log("All published photos: ", allPublishedPhotos);
+
+    let [allPhotos, photosCount] = await photoRepository.findAndCount();
+    console.log("All photos: ", allPhotos);
+    console.log("Photos count: ", photosCount);
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+### Updating in the database
+
+Now let's load a single photo from the database, update it and save it:
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(async connection => {
+
+    /*...*/
+    let photoToUpdate = await photoRepository.findOne(1);
+    photoToUpdate.name = "Me, my friends and polar bears";
+    await photoRepository.save(photoToUpdate);
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+Now photo with `id = 1` will be updated in the database.
+
+### Removing from the database
+
+Now let's remove our photo from the database:
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(async connection => {
+
+    /*...*/
+    let photoToRemove = await photoRepository.findOne(1);
+    await photoRepository.remove(photoToRemove);
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+Now photo with `id = 1` will be removed from the database.
+
+### Creating a one-to-one relation
+
+Let's create a one-to-one relation with another class.
+Let's create a new class in `PhotoMetadata.ts`. This PhotoMetadata class is supposed to contain our photo's additional meta-information:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, OneToOne, JoinColumn } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./Photo";
+
+@Entity()
+export class PhotoMetadata {
+
+    @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
+    id: number;
+
+    @Column("int")
+    height: number;
+
+    @Column("int")
+    width: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    orientation: string;
+
+    @Column()
+    compressed: boolean;
+
+    @Column()
+    comment: string;
+
+    @OneToOne(type => Photo)
+    @JoinColumn()
+    photo: Photo;
+}
+```
+
+Here, we are using a new decorator called `@OneToOne`. It allows us to create a one-to-one relationship between two entities.
+`type => Photo` is a function that returns the class of the entity with which we want to make our relationship.
+We are forced to use a function that returns a class, instead of using the class directly, because of the language specifics.
+We can also write it as `() => Photo`, but we use `type => Photo` as a convention to increase code readability.
+The type variable itself does not contain anything.
+
+We also add a `@JoinColumn` decorator, which indicates that this side of the relationship will own the relationship.
+Relations can be unidirectional or bidirectional.
+Only one side of relational can be owning.
+Using `@JoinColumn` decorator is required on the owner side of the relationship.
+
+If you run the app, you'll see a newly generated table, and it will contain a column with a foreign key for the photo relation:
+
+```shell
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+|                     photo_metadata                      |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+| id          | int(11)      | PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT |
+| height      | int(11)      |                            |
+| width       | int(11)      |                            |
+| comment     | varchar(255) |                            |
+| compressed  | boolean      |                            |
+| orientation | varchar(255) |                            |
+| photoId     | int(11)      | FOREIGN KEY                |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+```
+
+### Save a one-to-one relation
+
+Now let's save a photo, its metadata and attach them to each other.
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+import { PhotoMetadata } from "./entity/PhotoMetadata";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(async connection => {
+
+    // create a photo
+    let photo = new Photo();
+    photo.name = "Me and Bears";
+    photo.description = "I am near polar bears";
+    photo.filename = "photo-with-bears.jpg";
+    photo.views = 1;
+    photo.isPublished = true;
+
+    // create a photo metadata
+    let metadata = new PhotoMetadata();
+    metadata.height = 640;
+    metadata.width = 480;
+    metadata.compressed = true;
+    metadata.comment = "cybershoot";
+    metadata.orientation = "portrait";
+    metadata.photo = photo; // this way we connect them
+
+    // get entity repositories
+    let photoRepository = connection.getRepository(Photo);
+    let metadataRepository = connection.getRepository(PhotoMetadata);
+
+    // first we should save a photo
+    await photoRepository.save(photo);
+
+    // photo is saved. Now we need to save a photo metadata
+    await metadataRepository.save(metadata);
+
+    // done
+    console.log("Metadata is saved, and relation between metadata and photo is created in the database too");
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+### Inverse side of the relationship
+
+Relations can be unidirectional or bidirectional.
+Currently, our relation between PhotoMetadata and Photo is unidirectional.
+The owner of the relation is PhotoMetadata, and Photo doesn't know anything about PhotoMetadata.
+This makes it complicated to access PhotoMetadata from the Photo side.
+To fix this issue we should add an inverse relation, and make relations between PhotoMetadata and Photo bidirectional.
+Let's modify our entities:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, OneToOne, JoinColumn } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./Photo";
+
+@Entity()
+export class PhotoMetadata {
+
+    /* ... other columns */
+
+    @OneToOne(type => Photo, photo => photo.metadata)
+    @JoinColumn()
+    photo: Photo;
+}
+```
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, OneToOne } from "typeorm";
+import { PhotoMetadata } from "./PhotoMetadata";
+
+@Entity()
+export class Photo {
+
+    /* ... other columns */
+
+    @OneToOne(type => PhotoMetadata, photoMetadata => photoMetadata.photo)
+    metadata: PhotoMetadata;
+}
+```
+
+`photo => photo.metadata` is a function that returns the name of the inverse side of the relation.
+Here we show that the metadata property of the Photo class is where we store PhotoMetadata in the Photo class.
+Instead of passing a function that returns a property of the photo, you could alternatively simply pass a string to `@OneToOne` decorator, like `"metadata"`.
+But we used this function-typed approach to make our refactoring easier.
+
+Note that we should use `@JoinColumn` decorator only on one side of a relation.
+Whichever side you put this decorator on will be the owning side of the relationship.
+The owning side of a relationship contains a column with a foreign key in the database.
+
+### Loading objects with their relations
+
+Now let's load our photo and its photo metadata in a single query.
+There are two ways to do it - using `find*` methods or using `QueryBuilder` functionality.
+Let's use `find*` methods first.
+`find*` methods allow you to specify an object with the `FindOneOptions` / `FindManyOptions` interface.
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+import { PhotoMetadata } from "./entity/PhotoMetadata";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(async connection => {
+
+    /*...*/
+    let photoRepository = connection.getRepository(Photo);
+    let photos = await photoRepository.find({ relations: ["metadata"] });
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+Here, photos will contain an array of photos from the database, and each photo will contain its photo metadata.
+Learn more about Find Options in [this documentation](./docs/find-options.md).
+
+Using find options is good and dead simple, but if you need a more complex query, you should use `QueryBuilder` instead.
+`QueryBuilder` allows more complex queries to be used in an elegant way:
+
+```javascript
+import { createConnection } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./entity/Photo";
+import { PhotoMetadata } from "./entity/PhotoMetadata";
+
+createConnection(/*...*/).then(async connection => {
+
+    /*...*/
+    let photos = await connection
+            .getRepository(Photo)
+            .createQueryBuilder("photo")
+            .innerJoinAndSelect("photo.metadata", "metadata")
+            .getMany();
+
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+`QueryBuilder` allows creation and execution of SQL queries of almost any complexity.
+When you work with `QueryBuilder`, think like you are creating an SQL query.
+In this example, "photo" and "metadata" are aliases applied to selected photos.
+You use aliases to access columns and properties of the selected data.
+
+### Using cascades to automatically save related objects
+
+We can setup cascade options in our relations, in the cases when we want our related object to be saved whenever the other object is saved.
+Let's change our photo's `@OneToOne` decorator a bit:
+
+```javascript
+export class Photo {
+    /// ... other columns
+
+    @OneToOne(type => PhotoMetadata, metadata => metadata.photo, {
+        cascade: true,
+    })
+    metadata: PhotoMetadata;
+}
+```
+
+Using `cascade` allows us not to separately save photo and separately save metadata objects now.
+Now we can simply save a photo object, and the metadata object will be saved automatically because of cascade options.
+
+```javascript
+createConnection(options).then(async connection => {
+
+    // create photo object
+    let photo = new Photo();
+    photo.name = "Me and Bears";
+    photo.description = "I am near polar bears";
+    photo.filename = "photo-with-bears.jpg";
+    photo.isPublished = true;
+
+    // create photo metadata object
+    let metadata = new PhotoMetadata();
+    metadata.height = 640;
+    metadata.width = 480;
+    metadata.compressed = true;
+    metadata.comment = "cybershoot";
+    metadata.orientation = "portrait";
+
+    photo.metadata = metadata; // this way we connect them
+
+    // get repository
+    let photoRepository = connection.getRepository(Photo);
+
+    // saving a photo also save the metadata
+    await photoRepository.save(photo);
+
+    console.log("Photo is saved, photo metadata is saved too.")
+
+}).catch(error => console.log(error));
+```
+
+Notice that we now set the photo's `metadata` property, instead of the metadata's `photo` property as before. The `cascade` feature only works if you connect the photo to its metadata from the photo's side. If you set the metadata's side, the metadata would not be saved automatically.
+
+### Creating a many-to-one / one-to-many relation
+
+Let's create a many-to-one / one-to-many relation.
+Let's say a photo has one author, and each author can have many photos.
+First, let's create an `Author` class:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, OneToMany, JoinColumn } from "typeorm";
+import { Photo } from "./Photo";
+
+@Entity()
+export class Author {
+
+    @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
+    id: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    name: string;
+
+    @OneToMany(type => Photo, photo => photo.author) // note: we will create author property in the Photo class below
+    photos: Photo[];
+}
+```
+
+`Author` contains an inverse side of a relation.
+`OneToMany` is always an inverse side of relation, and it can't exist without `ManyToOne` on the other side of the relation.
+
+Now let's add the owner side of the relation into the Photo entity:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, ManyToOne } from "typeorm";
+import { PhotoMetadata } from "./PhotoMetadata";
+import { Author } from "./Author";
+
+@Entity()
+export class Photo {
+
+    /* ... other columns */
+
+    @ManyToOne(type => Author, author => author.photos)
+    author: Author;
+}
+```
+
+In many-to-one / one-to-many relation, the owner side is always many-to-one.
+It means that the class that uses `@ManyToOne` will store the id of the related object.
+
+After you run the application, the ORM will create the `author` table:
+
+
+```shell
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+|                          author                         |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+| id          | int(11)      | PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT |
+| name        | varchar(255) |                            |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+```
+
+It will also modify the `photo` table, adding a new `author` column and creating a foreign key for it:
+
+```shell
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+|                         photo                           |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+| id          | int(11)      | PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT |
+| name        | varchar(255) |                            |
+| description | varchar(255) |                            |
+| filename    | varchar(255) |                            |
+| isPublished | boolean      |                            |
+| authorId    | int(11)      | FOREIGN KEY                |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+```
+
+### Creating a many-to-many relation
+
+Let's create a many-to-many relation.
+Let's say a photo can be in many albums, and each album can contain many photos.
+Let's create an `Album` class:
+
+```javascript
+import { Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column, ManyToMany, JoinTable } from "typeorm";
+
+@Entity()
+export class Album {
+
+    @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
+    id: number;
+
+    @Column()
+    name: string;
+
+    @ManyToMany(type => Photo, photo => photo.albums)
+    @JoinTable()
+    photos: Photo[];
+}
+```
+
+`@JoinTable` is required to specify that this is the owner side of the relationship.
+
+Now let's add the inverse side of our relation to the `Photo` class:
+
+```javascript
+export class Photo {
+    /// ... other columns
+
+    @ManyToMany(type => Album, album => album.photos)
+    albums: Album[];
+}
+```
+
+After you run the application, the ORM will create a **album_photos_photo_albums** *junction table*:
+
+```shell
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+|                album_photos_photo_albums                |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+| album_id    | int(11)      | PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY    |
+| photo_id    | int(11)      | PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY    |
++-------------+--------------+----------------------------+
+```
+
+Don't forget to register the `Album` class with your connection in the ORM:
+
+```javascript
+const options: ConnectionOptions = {
+    // ... other options
+    entities: [Photo, PhotoMetadata, Author, Album]
+};
+```
+
+Now let's insert albums and photos to our database:
+
+```javascript
+let connection = await createConnection(options);
+
+// create a few albums
+let album1 = new Album();
+album1.name = "Bears";
+await connection.manager.save(album1);
+
+let album2 = new Album();
+album2.name = "Me";
+await connection.manager.save(album2);
+
+// create a few photos
+let photo = new Photo();
+photo.name = "Me and Bears";
+photo.description = "I am near polar bears";
+photo.filename = "photo-with-bears.jpg";
+photo.views = 1
+photo.isPublished = true
+photo.albums = [album1, album2];
+await connection.manager.save(photo);
+
+// now our photo is saved and albums are attached to it
+// now lets load them:
+const loadedPhoto = await connection
+    .getRepository(Photo)
+    .findOne(1, { relations: ["albums"] });
+```
+
+`loadedPhoto` will be equal to:
+
+```javascript
+{
+    id: 1,
+    name: "Me and Bears",
+    description: "I am near polar bears",
+    filename: "photo-with-bears.jpg",
+    albums: [{
+        id: 1,
+        name: "Bears"
+    }, {
+        id: 2,
+        name: "Me"
+    }]
+}
+```
+
+### Using QueryBuilder
+
+You can use QueryBuilder to build SQL queries of almost any complexity. For example, you can do this:
+
+```javascript
+let photos = await connection
+    .getRepository(Photo)
+    .createQueryBuilder("photo") // first argument is an alias. Alias is what you are selecting - photos. You must specify it.
+    .innerJoinAndSelect("photo.metadata", "metadata")
+    .leftJoinAndSelect("photo.albums", "album")
+    .where("photo.isPublished = true")
+    .andWhere("(photo.name = :photoName OR photo.name = :bearName)")
+    .orderBy("photo.id", "DESC")
+    .skip(5)
+    .take(10)
+    .setParameters({ photoName: "My", bearName: "Mishka" })
+    .getMany();
+```
+
+This query selects all published photos with "My" or "Mishka" names.
+It will select results from position 5 (pagination offset),
+and will select only 10 results (pagination limit).
+The selection result will be ordered by id in descending order.
+The photo's albums will be left-joined and their metadata will be inner joined.
+
+You'll use the query builder in your application a lot.
+Learn more about QueryBuilder [here](./docs/select-query-builder.md).
+
+## Samples
+
+Take a look at the samples in [sample](https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm/tree/master/sample) for examples of usage.
+
+There are a few repositories which you can clone and start with:
+
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with TypeScript](https://github.com/typeorm/typescript-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with JavaScript](https://github.com/typeorm/javascript-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with JavaScript and Babel](https://github.com/typeorm/babel-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with TypeScript and SystemJS in Browser](https://github.com/typeorm/browser-example)
+* [Example how to use Express and TypeORM](https://github.com/typeorm/typescript-express-example)
+* [Example how to use Koa and TypeORM](https://github.com/typeorm/typescript-koa-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with MongoDB](https://github.com/typeorm/mongo-typescript-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM in a Cordova/PhoneGap app](https://github.com/typeorm/cordova-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with an Ionic app](https://github.com/typeorm/ionic-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with React Native](https://github.com/typeorm/react-native-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with Nativescript-Vue](https://github.com/typeorm/nativescript-vue-typeorm-sample)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with Nativescript-Angular](https://github.com/betov18x/nativescript-angular-typeorm-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with Electron using JavaScript](https://github.com/typeorm/electron-javascript-example)
+* [Example how to use TypeORM with Electron using TypeScript](https://github.com/typeorm/electron-typescript-example)
+
+## Extensions
+
+There are several extensions that simplify working with TypeORM and integrating it with other modules:
+
+* [TypeORM + GraphQL framework](http://vesper-framework.com)
+* [TypeORM integration](https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm-typedi-extensions) with [TypeDI](https://github.com/pleerock/typedi)
+* [TypeORM integration](https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm-routing-controllers-extensions) with [routing-controllers](https://github.com/pleerock/routing-controllers)
+* Models generation from existing database - [typeorm-model-generator](https://github.com/Kononnable/typeorm-model-generator)
+* Fixtures loader - [typeorm-fixtures-cli](https://github.com/RobinCK/typeorm-fixtures)
+* ER Diagram generator - [typeorm-uml](https://github.com/eugene-manuilov/typeorm-uml/)
+* Create/Drop database - [typeorm-extension](https://github.com/Tada5hi/typeorm-extension)
+
+## Contributing
+
+Learn about contribution [here](https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) and how to setup your development environment [here](https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm/blob/master/DEVELOPER.md).
+
+This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute:
+
+<a href="https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm/graphs/contributors"><img src="https://opencollective.com/typeorm/contributors.svg?width=890&showBtn=false" /></a>
+
+## Sponsors
+
+Open source is hard and time-consuming. If you want to invest into TypeORM's future you can become a sponsor and allow our core team to spend more time on TypeORM's improvements and new features. [Become a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/typeorm)
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/typeorm" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/typeorm/tiers/sponsor.svg?width=890"></a>
+
+## Gold Sponsors
+
+Become a gold sponsor and get a premium technical support from our core contributors. [Become a gold sponsor](https://opencollective.com/typeorm)
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/typeorm" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/typeorm/tiers/gold-sponsor.svg?width=890"></a>