traits 0.4.0 → 0.5.0

1289345811335-0.8567837113514543/lib/traits.js

@@ -1,662 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-// See http://code.google.com/p/es-lab/wiki/Traits
-// for background on traits and a description of this library
-
-var Trait = (function(){
-
-  // == Ancillary functions ==
-  
-  var SUPPORTS_DEFINEPROP = (function() {
-    try {
-      var test = {};
-      Object.defineProperty(test, 'x', {get: function() { return 0; } } );
-      return test.x === 0;
-    } catch(e) {
-      return false;
-    }
-  })();
-  
-  // IE8 implements Object.defineProperty and Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor
-  // only for DOM objects. These methods don't work on plain objects.
-  // Hence, we need a more elaborate feature-test to see whether the
-  // browser truly supports these methods:
-  function supportsGOPD() {
-    try {
-      if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor) {
-        var test = {x:0};
-        return !!Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(test,'x');        
-      }
-    } catch(e) {}
-    return false;
-  };
-  function supportsDP() {
-    try {
-      if (Object.defineProperty) {
-        var test = {};
-        Object.defineProperty(test,'x',{value:0});
-        return test.x === 0;
-      }
-    } catch(e) {}
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  var call = Function.prototype.call;
-
-  /**
-   * An ad hoc version of bind that only binds the 'this' parameter.
-   */
-  var bindThis = Function.prototype.bind ?
-    function(fun, self) { return Function.prototype.bind.call(fun, self); } :
-    function(fun, self) {
-      function funcBound(var_args) {
-        return fun.apply(self, arguments);
-      }
-      return funcBound;
-    };
-
-  var hasOwnProperty = bindThis(call, Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty);
-  var slice = bindThis(call, Array.prototype.slice);
-    
-  // feature testing such that traits.js runs on both ES3 and ES5
-  var forEach = Array.prototype.forEach ?
-      bindThis(call, Array.prototype.forEach) :
-      function(arr, fun) {
-        for (var i = 0, len = arr.length; i < len; i++) { fun(arr[i]); }
-      };
-  
-  var freeze = Object.freeze || function(obj) { return obj; };
-  var getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf || function(obj) { 
-    return Object.prototype;
-  };
-  var getOwnPropertyNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames ||
-      function(obj) {
-        var props = [];
-        for (var p in obj) { if (hasOwnProperty(obj,p)) { props.push(p); } }
-        return props;
-      };
-  var getOwnPropertyDescriptor = supportsGOPD() ?
-      Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor :
-      function(obj, name) {
-        return {
-          value: obj[name],
-          enumerable: true,
-          writable: true,
-          configurable: true
-        };
-      };
-  var defineProperty = supportsDP() ? Object.defineProperty :
-      function(obj, name, pd) {
-        obj[name] = pd.value;
-      };
-  var defineProperties = Object.defineProperties ||
-      function(obj, propMap) {
-        for (var name in propMap) {
-          if (hasOwnProperty(propMap, name)) {
-            defineProperty(obj, name, propMap[name]);
-          }
-        }
-      };
-  var Object_create = Object.create ||
-      function(proto, propMap) {
-        var self;
-        function dummy() {};
-        dummy.prototype = proto || Object.prototype;
-        self = new dummy();
-        if (propMap) {
-          defineProperties(self, propMap);          
-        }
-        return self;
-      };
-  var getOwnProperties = Object.getOwnProperties ||
-      function(obj) {
-        var map = {};
-        forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(obj), function (name) {
-          map[name] = getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, name);
-        });
-        return map;
-      };
-  
-  // end of ES3 - ES5 compatibility functions
-  
-  function makeConflictAccessor(name) {
-    var accessor = function(var_args) {
-      throw new Error("Conflicting property: "+name);
-    };
-    freeze(accessor.prototype);
-    return freeze(accessor);
-  };
-
-  function makeRequiredPropDesc(name) {
-    return freeze({
-      value: undefined,
-      enumerable: false,
-      required: true
-    });
-  }
-  
-  function makeConflictingPropDesc(name) {
-    var conflict = makeConflictAccessor(name);
-    if (SUPPORTS_DEFINEPROP) {
-      return freeze({
-       get: conflict,
-       set: conflict,
-       enumerable: false,
-       conflict: true
-      }); 
-    } else {
-      return freeze({
-        value: conflict,
-        enumerable: false,
-        conflict: true
-      });
-    }
-  }
-  
-  /**
-   * Are x and y not observably distinguishable?
-   */
-  function identical(x, y) {
-    if (x === y) {
-      // 0 === -0, but they are not identical
-      return x !== 0 || 1/x === 1/y;
-    } else {
-      // NaN !== NaN, but they are identical.
-      // NaNs are the only non-reflexive value, i.e., if x !== x,
-      // then x is a NaN.
-      return x !== x && y !== y;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Note: isSameDesc should return true if both
-  // desc1 and desc2 represent a 'required' property
-  // (otherwise two composed required properties would be turned into
-  // a conflict) 
-  function isSameDesc(desc1, desc2) {
-    // for conflicting properties, don't compare values because
-    // the conflicting property values are never equal
-    if (desc1.conflict && desc2.conflict) {
-      return true;
-    } else {
-      return (   desc1.get === desc2.get
-              && desc1.set === desc2.set
-              && identical(desc1.value, desc2.value)
-              && desc1.enumerable === desc2.enumerable
-              && desc1.required === desc2.required
-              && desc1.conflict === desc2.conflict); 
-    }
-  }
-  
-  function freezeAndBind(meth, self) {
-    return freeze(bindThis(meth, self));
-  }
-
-  /* makeSet(['foo', ...]) => { foo: true, ...}
-   *
-   * makeSet returns an object whose own properties represent a set.
-   *
-   * Each string in the names array is added to the set.
-   *
-   * To test whether an element is in the set, perform:
-   *   hasOwnProperty(set, element)
-   */
-  function makeSet(names) {
-    var set = {};
-    forEach(names, function (name) {
-      set[name] = true;
-    });
-    return freeze(set);
-  }
-
-  // == singleton object to be used as the placeholder for a required
-  // property == 
-  
-  var required = freeze({ 
-    toString: function() { return '<Trait.required>'; } 
-  });
-
-  // == The public API methods ==
-
-  /**
-   * var newTrait = trait({ foo:required, ... })
-   *
-   * @param object an object record (in principle an object literal)
-   * @returns a new trait describing all of the own properties of the object
-   *          (both enumerable and non-enumerable)
-   *
-   * As a general rule, 'trait' should be invoked with an object
-   * literal, since the object merely serves as a record
-   * descriptor. Both its identity and its prototype chain are
-   * irrelevant.
-   * 
-   * Data properties bound to function objects in the argument will be
-   * flagged as 'method' properties. The prototype of these function
-   * objects is frozen.
-   * 
-   * Data properties bound to the 'required' singleton exported by
-   * this module will be marked as 'required' properties.
-   *
-   * The <tt>trait</tt> function is pure if no other code can witness
-   * the side-effects of freezing the prototypes of the methods. If
-   * <tt>trait</tt> is invoked with an object literal whose methods
-   * are represented as in-place anonymous functions, this should
-   * normally be the case.
-   */
-  function trait(obj) {
-    var map = {};
-    forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(obj), function (name) {
-      var pd = getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, name);
-      if (pd.value === required) {
-        pd = makeRequiredPropDesc(name);
-      } else if (typeof pd.value === 'function') {
-        pd.method = true;
-        if ('prototype' in pd.value) {
-          freeze(pd.value.prototype);
-        }
-      } else {
-        if (pd.get && pd.get.prototype) { freeze(pd.get.prototype); }
-        if (pd.set && pd.set.prototype) { freeze(pd.set.prototype); }
-      }
-      map[name] = pd;
-    });
-    return map;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * var newTrait = compose(trait_1, trait_2, ..., trait_N)
-   *
-   * @param trait_i a trait object
-   * @returns a new trait containing the combined own properties of
-   *          all the trait_i.
-   * 
-   * If two or more traits have own properties with the same name, the new
-   * trait will contain a 'conflict' property for that name. 'compose' is
-   * a commutative and associative operation, and the order of its
-   * arguments is not significant.
-   *
-   * If 'compose' is invoked with < 2 arguments, then:
-   *   compose(trait_1) returns a trait equivalent to trait_1
-   *   compose() returns an empty trait
-   */
-  function compose(var_args) {
-    var traits = slice(arguments, 0);
-    var newTrait = {};
-    
-    forEach(traits, function (trait) {
-      forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(trait), function (name) {
-        var pd = trait[name];
-        if (hasOwnProperty(newTrait, name) &&
-            !newTrait[name].required) {
-          
-          // a non-required property with the same name was previously
-          // defined this is not a conflict if pd represents a
-          // 'required' property itself:
-          if (pd.required) {
-            return; // skip this property, the required property is
-   	            // now present 
-          }
-            
-          if (!isSameDesc(newTrait[name], pd)) {
-            // a distinct, non-required property with the same name
-            // was previously defined by another trait => mark as
-	    // conflicting property
-            newTrait[name] = makeConflictingPropDesc(name); 
-          } // else,
-          // properties are not in conflict if they refer to the same value
-          
-        } else {
-          newTrait[name] = pd;
-        }
-      });
-    });
-    
-    return freeze(newTrait);
-  }
-
-  /* var newTrait = exclude(['name', ...], trait)
-   *
-   * @param names a list of strings denoting property names.
-   * @param trait a trait some properties of which should be excluded.
-   * @returns a new trait with the same own properties as the original trait,
-   *          except that all property names appearing in the first argument
-   *          are replaced by required property descriptors.
-   *
-   * Note: exclude(A, exclude(B,t)) is equivalent to exclude(A U B, t)
-   */
-  function exclude(names, trait) {
-    var exclusions = makeSet(names);
-    var newTrait = {};
-    
-    forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(trait), function (name) {
-      // required properties are not excluded but ignored
-      if (!hasOwnProperty(exclusions, name) || trait[name].required) {
-        newTrait[name] = trait[name];
-      } else {
-        // excluded properties are replaced by required properties
-        newTrait[name] = makeRequiredPropDesc(name);
-      }
-    });
-    
-    return freeze(newTrait);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * var newTrait = override(trait_1, trait_2, ..., trait_N)
-   *
-   * @returns a new trait with all of the combined properties of the
-   *          argument traits.  In contrast to 'compose', 'override'
-   *          immediately resolves all conflicts resulting from this
-   *          composition by overriding the properties of later
-   *          traits. Trait priority is from left to right. I.e. the
-   *          properties of the leftmost trait are never overridden.
-   *
-   *  override is associative:
-   *    override(t1,t2,t3) is equivalent to override(t1, override(t2, t3)) or
-   *    to override(override(t1, t2), t3)
-   *  override is not commutative: override(t1,t2) is not equivalent
-   *    to override(t2,t1)
-   *
-   * override() returns an empty trait
-   * override(trait_1) returns a trait equivalent to trait_1
-   */
-  function override(var_args) {
-    var traits = slice(arguments, 0);
-    var newTrait = {};
-    forEach(traits, function (trait) {
-      forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(trait), function (name) {
-        var pd = trait[name];
-        // add this trait's property to the composite trait only if
-        // - the trait does not yet have this property
-        // - or, the trait does have the property, but it's a required property
-        if (!hasOwnProperty(newTrait, name) || newTrait[name].required) {
-          newTrait[name] = pd;
-        }
-      });
-    });
-    return freeze(newTrait);
-  }
-  
-  /**
-   * var newTrait = override(dominantTrait, recessiveTrait)
-   *
-   * @returns a new trait with all of the properties of dominantTrait
-   *          and all of the properties of recessiveTrait not in dominantTrait
-   *
-   * Note: override is associative:
-   *   override(t1, override(t2, t3)) is equivalent to
-   *   override(override(t1, t2), t3) 
-   */
-  /*function override(frontT, backT) {
-    var newTrait = {};
-    // first copy all of backT's properties into newTrait
-    forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(backT), function (name) {
-      newTrait[name] = backT[name];
-    });
-    // now override all these properties with frontT's properties
-    forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(frontT), function (name) {
-      var pd = frontT[name];
-      // frontT's required property does not override the provided property
-      if (!(pd.required && hasOwnProperty(newTrait, name))) {
-        newTrait[name] = pd; 
-      }      
-    });
-    
-    return freeze(newTrait);
-  }*/
-
-  /**
-   * var newTrait = rename(map, trait)
-   *
-   * @param map an object whose own properties serve as a mapping from
-            old names to new names.
-   * @param trait a trait object
-   * @returns a new trait with the same properties as the original trait,
-   *          except that all properties whose name is an own property
-   *          of map will be renamed to map[name], and a 'required' property
-   *          for name will be added instead.
-   *
-   * rename({a: 'b'}, t) eqv compose(exclude(['a'],t),
-   *                                 { a: { required: true },
-   *                                   b: t[a] })
-   *
-   * For each renamed property, a required property is generated.  If
-   * the map renames two properties to the same name, a conflict is
-   * generated.  If the map renames a property to an existing
-   * unrenamed property, a conflict is generated.
-   *
-   * Note: rename(A, rename(B, t)) is equivalent to rename(\n ->
-   * A(B(n)), t) Note: rename({...},exclude([...], t)) is not eqv to
-   * exclude([...],rename({...}, t))
-   */
-  function rename(map, trait) {
-    var renamedTrait = {};
-    forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(trait), function (name) {
-      // required props are never renamed
-      if (hasOwnProperty(map, name) && !trait[name].required) {
-        var alias = map[name]; // alias defined in map
-        if (hasOwnProperty(renamedTrait, alias) && 
-	    !renamedTrait[alias].required) {
-          // could happen if 2 props are mapped to the same alias
-          renamedTrait[alias] = makeConflictingPropDesc(alias);
-        } else {
-          // add the property under an alias
-          renamedTrait[alias] = trait[name];
-        }
-        // add a required property under the original name
-        // but only if a property under the original name does not exist
-        // such a prop could exist if an earlier prop in the trait was
-        // previously aliased to this name
-        if (!hasOwnProperty(renamedTrait, name)) {
-          renamedTrait[name] = makeRequiredPropDesc(name);     
-        }
-      } else { // no alias defined
-        if (hasOwnProperty(renamedTrait, name)) {
-          // could happen if another prop was previously aliased to name
-          if (!trait[name].required) {
-            renamedTrait[name] = makeConflictingPropDesc(name);            
-          }
-          // else required property overridden by a previously aliased
-          // property and otherwise ignored
-        } else {
-          renamedTrait[name] = trait[name];
-        }
-      }
-    });
-    
-    return freeze(renamedTrait);
-  }
-  
-  /**
-   * var newTrait = resolve({ oldName: 'newName', excludeName:
-   * undefined, ... }, trait)
-   *
-   * This is a convenience function combining renaming and
-   * exclusion. It can be implemented as <tt>rename(map,
-   * exclude(exclusions, trait))</tt> where map is the subset of
-   * mappings from oldName to newName and exclusions is an array of
-   * all the keys that map to undefined (or another falsy value).
-   *
-   * @param resolutions an object whose own properties serve as a
-            mapping from old names to new names, or to undefined if
-            the property should be excluded
-   * @param trait a trait object
-   * @returns a resolved trait with the same own properties as the
-   * original trait.
-   *
-   * In a resolved trait, all own properties whose name is an own property
-   * of resolutions will be renamed to resolutions[name] if it is truthy,
-   * or their value is changed into a required property descriptor if
-   * resolutions[name] is falsy.
-   *
-   * Note, it's important to _first_ exclude, _then_ rename, since exclude
-   * and rename are not associative, for example:
-   * rename({a: 'b'}, exclude(['b'], trait({ a:1,b:2 }))) eqv trait({b:1})
-   * exclude(['b'], rename({a: 'b'}, trait({ a:1,b:2 }))) eqv
-   * trait({b:Trait.required}) 
-   *
-   * writing resolve({a:'b', b: undefined},trait({a:1,b:2})) makes it
-   * clear that what is meant is to simply drop the old 'b' and rename
-   * 'a' to 'b'
-   */
-  function resolve(resolutions, trait) {
-    var renames = {};
-    var exclusions = [];
-    // preprocess renamed and excluded properties
-    for (var name in resolutions) {
-      if (hasOwnProperty(resolutions, name)) {
-        if (resolutions[name]) { // old name -> new name
-          renames[name] = resolutions[name];
-        } else { // name -> undefined
-          exclusions.push(name);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return rename(renames, exclude(exclusions, trait));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * var obj = create(proto, trait)
-   *
-   * @param proto denotes the prototype of the completed object
-   * @param trait a trait object to be turned into a complete object
-   * @returns an object with all of the properties described by the trait.
-   * @throws 'Missing required property' the trait still contains a
-   *         required property.
-   * @throws 'Remaining conflicting property' if the trait still
-   *         contains a conflicting property. 
-   *
-   * Trait.create is like Object.create, except that it generates
-   * high-integrity or final objects. In addition to creating a new object
-   * from a trait, it also ensures that:
-   *    - an exception is thrown if 'trait' still contains required properties
-   *    - an exception is thrown if 'trait' still contains conflicting
-   *      properties 
-   *    - the object is and all of its accessor and method properties are frozen
-   *    - the 'this' pseudovariable in all accessors and methods of
-   *      the object is bound to the composed object.
-   *
-   *  Use Object.create instead of Trait.create if you want to create
-   *  abstract or malleable objects. Keep in mind that for such objects:
-   *    - no exception is thrown if 'trait' still contains required properties
-   *      (the properties are simply dropped from the composite object)
-   *    - no exception is thrown if 'trait' still contains conflicting
-   *      properties (these properties remain as conflicting
-   *      properties in the composite object) 
-   *    - neither the object nor its accessor and method properties are frozen
-   *    - the 'this' pseudovariable in all accessors and methods of
-   *      the object is left unbound.
-   */
-  function create(proto, trait) {
-    var self = Object_create(proto);
-    var properties = {};
-  
-    forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(trait), function (name) {
-      var pd = trait[name];
-      // check for remaining 'required' properties
-      // Note: it's OK for the prototype to provide the properties
-      if (pd.required) {
-        if (!(name in proto)) {
-          throw new Error('Missing required property: '+name);
-        }
-      } else if (pd.conflict) { // check for remaining conflicting properties
-        throw new Error('Remaining conflicting property: '+name);
-      } else if ('value' in pd) { // data property
-        // freeze all function properties and their prototype
-        if (pd.method) { // the property is meant to be used as a method
-          // bind 'this' in trait method to the composite object
-          properties[name] = {
-            value: freezeAndBind(pd.value, self),
-            enumerable: pd.enumerable,
-            configurable: pd.configurable,
-            writable: pd.writable
-          };
-        } else {
-          properties[name] = pd;
-        }
-      } else { // accessor property
-        properties[name] = {
-          get: pd.get ? freezeAndBind(pd.get, self) : undefined,
-          set: pd.set ? freezeAndBind(pd.set, self) : undefined,
-          enumerable: pd.enumerable,
-          configurable: pd.configurable
-        };
-      }
-    });
-
-    defineProperties(self, properties);
-    return freeze(self);
-  }
-
-  /** A shorthand for create(Object.prototype, trait({...}), options) */
-  function object(record, options) {
-    return create(Object.prototype, trait(record), options);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Tests whether two traits are equivalent. T1 is equivalent to T2 iff
-   * both describe the same set of property names and for all property
-   * names n, T1[n] is equivalent to T2[n]. Two property descriptors are
-   * equivalent if they have the same value, accessors and attributes.
-   *
-   * @return a boolean indicating whether the two argument traits are
-   *         equivalent.
-   */
-  function eqv(trait1, trait2) {
-    var names1 = getOwnPropertyNames(trait1);
-    var names2 = getOwnPropertyNames(trait2);
-    var name;
-    if (names1.length !== names2.length) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    for (var i = 0; i < names1.length; i++) {
-      name = names1[i];
-      if (!trait2[name] || !isSameDesc(trait1[name], trait2[name])) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-  
-  // if this code is ran in ES3 without an Object.create function, this
-  // library will define it on Object:
-  if (!Object.create) {
-    Object.create = Object_create;
-  }
-  // ES5 does not by default provide Object.getOwnProperties
-  // if it's not defined, the Traits library defines this utility
-  // function on Object 
-  if(!Object.getOwnProperties) {
-    Object.getOwnProperties = getOwnProperties;
-  }
-  
-  // expose the public API of this module
-  function Trait(record) {
-    // calling Trait as a function creates a new atomic trait
-    return trait(record);
-  }
-  Trait.required = freeze(required);
-  Trait.compose = freeze(compose);
-  Trait.resolve = freeze(resolve);
-  Trait.override = freeze(override);
-  Trait.create = freeze(create);
-  Trait.eqv = freeze(eqv);
-  Trait.object = freeze(object); // not essential, cf. create + trait
-  return freeze(Trait);
-  
-})();
-
-if (typeof exports !== "undefined") { // CommonJS module support
-  exports.Trait = Trait;
-}

1289345811335-0.8567837113514543/package.json

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "traits",
-  "version": "0.4.0",
-  "author": "Tom Van Cutsem",
-  "main": "./lib/traits",
-  "directories": "./lib"
-}