tova 0.3.0 → 0.3.2

package/src/runtime/embedded.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Auto-generated by scripts/embed-runtime.js — do not edit
 
-export const REACTIVITY_SOURCE = "// Fine-grained reactivity system for Tova (signals-based)\n\nconst __DEV__ = typeof process !== 'undefined' && process.env?.NODE_ENV !== 'production';\n\n// ─── DevTools hooks (zero-cost when disabled) ────────────\nlet __devtools_hooks = null;\nexport function __enableDevTools(hooks) {\n  __devtools_hooks = hooks;\n}\n\nlet currentEffect = null;\nconst effectStack = [];\n\n// ─── Ownership System ─────────────────────────────────────\nlet currentOwner = null;\nconst ownerStack = [];\n\n// ─── Batching ────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Default: synchronous flush after each setter (backward compatible).\n// Inside batch(): effects are deferred and flushed once when batch ends.\n// This means setA(1); setB(2) causes 2 runs by default, but\n// batch(() => { setA(1); setB(2); }) causes only 1 run.\n\nlet pendingEffects = new Set();\nlet batchDepth = 0;\nlet flushing = false;\n\nfunction flush() {\n  if (flushing) return; // prevent re-entrant flush\n  flushing = true;\n  let iterations = 0;\n  try {\n    while (pendingEffects.size > 0) {\n      if (++iterations > 100) {\n        console.error('Tova: Possible infinite loop in reactive updates (>100 flush iterations). Aborting.');\n        pendingEffects.clear();\n        break;\n      }\n      const toRun = [...pendingEffects];\n      pendingEffects.clear();\n      for (const effect of toRun) {\n        if (!effect._disposed) {\n          effect();\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  } finally {\n    flushing = false;\n  }\n}\n\nexport function batch(fn) {\n  batchDepth++;\n  try {\n    fn();\n  } finally {\n    batchDepth--;\n    if (batchDepth === 0) {\n      flush();\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Ownership Root ──────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport function createRoot(fn) {\n  const root = {\n    _children: [],\n    _disposed: false,\n    _cleanups: [],\n    _contexts: null,\n    _owner: currentOwner,\n    dispose() {\n      if (root._disposed) return;\n      root._disposed = true;\n      // Dispose children in reverse order\n      for (let i = root._children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const child = root._children[i];\n        if (typeof child.dispose === 'function') child.dispose();\n      }\n      root._children.length = 0;\n      // Run cleanups in reverse order\n      for (let i = root._cleanups.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        try { root._cleanups[i](); } catch (e) { console.error('Tova: root cleanup error:', e); }\n      }\n      root._cleanups.length = 0;\n    }\n  };\n  ownerStack.push(currentOwner);\n  currentOwner = root;\n  try {\n    return fn(root.dispose.bind(root));\n  } finally {\n    currentOwner = ownerStack.pop();\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Dependency Cleanup ──────────────────────────────────\n\nfunction cleanupDeps(subscriber) {\n  if (subscriber._deps) {\n    for (const depSet of subscriber._deps) {\n      depSet.delete(subscriber);\n    }\n    subscriber._deps.clear();\n  }\n}\n\nfunction trackDep(subscriber, subscriberSet) {\n  subscriberSet.add(subscriber);\n  if (!subscriber._deps) subscriber._deps = new Set();\n  subscriber._deps.add(subscriberSet);\n}\n\n// ─── Signals ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport function createSignal(initialValue, name) {\n  let value = initialValue;\n  const subscribers = new Set();\n  let signalId = null;\n\n  if (__devtools_hooks) {\n    signalId = __devtools_hooks.onSignalCreate(\n      () => value,\n      (v) => setter(v),\n      name,\n    );\n  }\n\n  function getter() {\n    if (currentEffect) {\n      trackDep(currentEffect, subscribers);\n    }\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  function setter(newValue) {\n    if (typeof newValue === 'function') {\n      newValue = newValue(value);\n    }\n    if (value !== newValue) {\n      const oldValue = value;\n      value = newValue;\n      if (__devtools_hooks && signalId != null) {\n        __devtools_hooks.onSignalUpdate(signalId, oldValue, newValue);\n      }\n      for (const sub of [...subscribers]) {\n        if (sub._isComputed) {\n          sub(); // propagate dirty flags synchronously through computed graph\n        } else {\n          pendingEffects.add(sub);\n        }\n      }\n      if (batchDepth === 0) {\n        flush();\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return [getter, setter];\n}\n\n// ─── Effects ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nfunction runCleanups(effect) {\n  if (effect._cleanup) {\n    try { effect._cleanup(); } catch (e) { console.error('Tova: cleanup error:', e); }\n    effect._cleanup = null;\n  }\n  if (effect._cleanups && effect._cleanups.length > 0) {\n    for (const cb of effect._cleanups) {\n      try { cb(); } catch (e) { console.error('Tova: cleanup error:', e); }\n    }\n    effect._cleanups = [];\n  }\n}\n\nexport function createEffect(fn) {\n  function effect() {\n    if (effect._running) return;\n    if (effect._disposed) return;\n    effect._running = true;\n\n    // Run cleanups from previous execution\n    runCleanups(effect);\n\n    // Remove from all previous dependency subscriber sets\n    cleanupDeps(effect);\n\n    effectStack.push(effect);\n    currentEffect = effect;\n    const startTime = __devtools_hooks && typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() : 0;\n    try {\n      const result = fn();\n      // If effect returns a function, use as cleanup\n      if (typeof result === 'function') {\n        effect._cleanup = result;\n      }\n    } catch (e) {\n      console.error('Tova: Error in effect:', e);\n      if (currentErrorHandler) {\n        currentErrorHandler(e);\n      }\n    } finally {\n      if (__devtools_hooks) {\n        const duration = typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() - startTime : 0;\n        __devtools_hooks.onEffectRun(effect, duration);\n      }\n      effectStack.pop();\n      currentEffect = effectStack[effectStack.length - 1] || null;\n      effect._running = false;\n    }\n  }\n\n  effect._deps = new Set();\n  effect._running = false;\n  effect._disposed = false;\n  effect._cleanup = null;\n  effect._cleanups = [];\n  effect._owner = currentOwner;\n\n  if (__devtools_hooks) {\n    __devtools_hooks.onEffectCreate(effect);\n  }\n\n  if (currentOwner && !currentOwner._disposed) {\n    currentOwner._children.push(effect);\n  }\n\n  effect.dispose = function () {\n    effect._disposed = true;\n    runCleanups(effect);\n    cleanupDeps(effect);\n    pendingEffects.delete(effect);\n    // Remove from owner's children\n    if (effect._owner) {\n      const idx = effect._owner._children.indexOf(effect);\n      if (idx >= 0) effect._owner._children.splice(idx, 1);\n    }\n  };\n\n  // Run immediately (synchronous first run)\n  effect();\n  return effect;\n}\n\n// ─── Computed (lazy/pull-based for glitch-free reads) ────\n\nexport function createComputed(fn) {\n  let value;\n  let dirty = true;\n  const subscribers = new Set();\n\n  // notify is called synchronously when a source signal changes.\n  // It marks the computed dirty and propagates to downstream subscribers.\n  function notify() {\n    if (!dirty) {\n      dirty = true;\n      for (const sub of [...subscribers]) {\n        if (sub._isComputed) {\n          sub(); // cascade dirty flags synchronously\n        } else {\n          pendingEffects.add(sub);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  notify._deps = new Set();\n  notify._disposed = false;\n  notify._isComputed = true;\n  notify._owner = currentOwner;\n\n  if (currentOwner && !currentOwner._disposed) {\n    currentOwner._children.push(notify);\n  }\n\n  notify.dispose = function () {\n    notify._disposed = true;\n    cleanupDeps(notify);\n    if (notify._owner) {\n      const idx = notify._owner._children.indexOf(notify);\n      if (idx >= 0) notify._owner._children.splice(idx, 1);\n    }\n  };\n\n  function recompute() {\n    cleanupDeps(notify);\n\n    effectStack.push(notify);\n    currentEffect = notify;\n    try {\n      value = fn();\n      dirty = false;\n    } finally {\n      effectStack.pop();\n      currentEffect = effectStack[effectStack.length - 1] || null;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Initial computation\n  recompute();\n\n  function getter() {\n    if (currentEffect) {\n      trackDep(currentEffect, subscribers);\n    }\n    if (dirty) {\n      recompute();\n    }\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  return getter;\n}\n\n// ─── Lifecycle Hooks ─────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport function onMount(fn) {\n  const owner = currentOwner;\n  queueMicrotask(() => {\n    const result = fn();\n    if (typeof result === 'function' && owner && !owner._disposed) {\n      owner._cleanups.push(result);\n    }\n  });\n}\n\nexport function onUnmount(fn) {\n  if (currentOwner && !currentOwner._disposed) {\n    currentOwner._cleanups.push(fn);\n  }\n}\n\nexport function onCleanup(fn) {\n  if (currentEffect) {\n    if (!currentEffect._cleanups) currentEffect._cleanups = [];\n    currentEffect._cleanups.push(fn);\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Untrack ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Run a function without tracking any signal reads (opt out of reactivity)\n\nexport function untrack(fn) {\n  const prev = currentEffect;\n  currentEffect = null;\n  try {\n    return fn();\n  } finally {\n    currentEffect = prev;\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Watch ───────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Watch a reactive expression, calling callback with (newValue, oldValue)\n// Returns a dispose function to stop watching.\n\nexport function watch(getter, callback, options = {}) {\n  let oldValue = undefined;\n  let initialized = false;\n\n  const effect = createEffect(() => {\n    const newValue = getter();\n    if (initialized) {\n      untrack(() => callback(newValue, oldValue));\n    } else if (options.immediate) {\n      untrack(() => callback(newValue, undefined));\n    }\n    oldValue = newValue;\n    initialized = true;\n  });\n\n  return effect.dispose ? effect.dispose.bind(effect) : () => {\n    effect._disposed = true;\n    runCleanups(effect);\n    cleanupDeps(effect);\n    pendingEffects.delete(effect);\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Refs ────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport function createRef(initialValue) {\n  return { current: initialValue !== undefined ? initialValue : null };\n}\n\n// ─── Error Boundaries ────────────────────────────────────\n\n// Stack-based error handler for correct nested boundary propagation\nconst errorHandlerStack = [];\nlet currentErrorHandler = null;\n\nfunction pushErrorHandler(handler) {\n  errorHandlerStack.push(currentErrorHandler);\n  currentErrorHandler = handler;\n}\n\nfunction popErrorHandler() {\n  currentErrorHandler = errorHandlerStack.pop() || null;\n}\n\n// Component name tracking for stack traces\nconst componentNameStack = [];\n\nexport function pushComponentName(name) {\n  componentNameStack.push(name);\n}\n\nexport function popComponentName() {\n  componentNameStack.pop();\n}\n\nfunction buildComponentStack() {\n  return [...componentNameStack].reverse();\n}\n\nexport function createErrorBoundary(options = {}) {\n  const { onError, onReset } = options;\n  const [error, setError] = createSignal(null);\n\n  function run(fn) {\n    pushErrorHandler((e) => {\n      const stack = buildComponentStack();\n      if (e && typeof e === 'object') e.__tovaComponentStack = stack;\n      setError(e);\n      if (onError) onError({ error: e, componentStack: stack });\n    });\n    try {\n      return fn();\n    } catch (e) {\n      const stack = buildComponentStack();\n      if (e && typeof e === 'object') e.__tovaComponentStack = stack;\n      setError(e);\n      if (onError) onError({ error: e, componentStack: stack });\n      return null;\n    } finally {\n      popErrorHandler();\n    }\n  }\n\n  function reset() {\n    setError(null);\n    if (onReset) onReset();\n  }\n\n  return { error, run, reset };\n}\n\nexport function ErrorBoundary({ fallback, children, onError, onReset, retry = 0 }) {\n  const [error, setError] = createSignal(null);\n  const [retryCount, setRetryCount] = createSignal(0);\n\n  function handleError(e) {\n    const stack = buildComponentStack();\n    if (e && typeof e === 'object') e.__tovaComponentStack = stack;\n    if (retryCount() < retry) {\n      setRetryCount(c => c + 1);\n      setError(null); // clear to re-trigger render\n      return;\n    }\n    setError(e);\n    if (onError) onError({ error: e, componentStack: stack });\n  }\n\n  // Return a reactive wrapper that switches between children and fallback\n  const childContent = children && children.length === 1 ? children[0] : tova_fragment(children || []);\n\n  const vnode = {\n    __tova: true,\n    tag: '__dynamic',\n    props: {},\n    children: [],\n    _fallback: fallback,\n    _componentName: 'ErrorBoundary',\n    _errorHandler: handleError, // Active during __dynamic effect render cycle\n    compute: () => {\n      const err = error();\n      if (err) {\n        // Render fallback — if fallback itself throws, propagate to parent boundary\n        try {\n          return typeof fallback === 'function'\n            ? fallback({\n                error: err,\n                reset: () => {\n                  setRetryCount(0);\n                  setError(null);\n                  if (onReset) onReset();\n                },\n              })\n            : fallback;\n        } catch (fallbackError) {\n          // Fallback threw — propagate to parent error boundary\n          if (currentErrorHandler) {\n            currentErrorHandler(fallbackError);\n          }\n          return null;\n        }\n      }\n      return childContent;\n    },\n  };\n\n  return vnode;\n}\n\n// ─── Dynamic Component ──────────────────────────────────\n// Renders a component dynamically based on a reactive signal.\n// Usage: Dynamic({ component: mySignal, ...props })\n\nexport function Dynamic({ component, ...rest }) {\n  return {\n    __tova: true,\n    tag: '__dynamic',\n    props: {},\n    children: [],\n    compute: () => {\n      const comp = typeof component === 'function' && !component.__tova ? component() : component;\n      if (!comp) return null;\n      if (typeof comp === 'function') {\n        return comp(rest);\n      }\n      return comp;\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Portal ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Renders children into a different DOM target.\n// Usage: Portal({ target: \"#modal-root\", children })\n\nexport function Portal({ target, children }) {\n  return {\n    __tova: true,\n    tag: '__portal',\n    props: { target },\n    children: children || [],\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Lazy ───────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Async component loading with optional fallback.\n// Usage: const LazyComp = lazy(() => import('./HeavyComponent.js'))\n\nexport function lazy(loader) {\n  let resolved = null;\n  let loadError = null;\n  let promise = null;\n\n  return function LazyWrapper(props) {\n    if (resolved) {\n      return resolved(props);\n    }\n\n    if (!promise) {\n      promise = loader()\n        .then(mod => {\n          resolved = mod.default || mod;\n        })\n        .catch(e => { loadError = e; });\n    }\n\n    const [tick, setTick] = createSignal(0);\n\n    // Trigger re-render when promise settles\n    promise.then(() => setTick(1)).catch(() => setTick(1));\n\n    return {\n      __tova: true,\n      tag: '__dynamic',\n      props: {},\n      children: [],\n      compute: () => {\n        tick(); // Track for reactivity\n        if (loadError) return tova_el('span', { className: 'tova-error' }, [String(loadError)]);\n        if (resolved) return resolved(props);\n        // Fallback while loading\n        return props && props.fallback ? props.fallback : null;\n      },\n    };\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Context (Provide/Inject) ────────────────────────────\n// Tree-based: values are stored on the ownership tree, inject walks up.\n\nexport function createContext(defaultValue) {\n  const id = Symbol('context');\n  return { _id: id, _default: defaultValue };\n}\n\nexport function provide(context, value) {\n  const owner = currentOwner;\n  if (owner) {\n    if (!owner._contexts) owner._contexts = new Map();\n    owner._contexts.set(context._id, value);\n  }\n}\n\nexport function inject(context) {\n  let owner = currentOwner;\n  while (owner) {\n    if (owner._contexts && owner._contexts.has(context._id)) {\n      return owner._contexts.get(context._id);\n    }\n    owner = owner._owner;\n  }\n  return context._default;\n}\n\n// ─── DOM Rendering ────────────────────────────────────────\n\n// Inject scoped CSS into the page (idempotent — only injects once per id)\nconst __tovaInjectedStyles = new Set();\nexport function tova_inject_css(id, css) {\n  if (__tovaInjectedStyles.has(id)) return;\n  __tovaInjectedStyles.add(id);\n  const style = document.createElement('style');\n  style.setAttribute('data-tova-style', id);\n  style.textContent = css;\n  document.head.appendChild(style);\n}\n\nexport function tova_el(tag, props = {}, children = []) {\n  return { __tova: true, tag, props, children };\n}\n\nexport function tova_fragment(children) {\n  return { __tova: true, tag: '__fragment', props: {}, children };\n}\n\n// Inject a key prop into a vnode for keyed reconciliation\nexport function tova_keyed(key, vnode) {\n  if (vnode && vnode.__tova) {\n    vnode.props = { ...vnode.props, key };\n  }\n  return vnode;\n}\n\n// Flatten nested arrays and vnodes into a flat list of vnodes\nfunction flattenVNodes(children) {\n  const result = [];\n  for (const child of children) {\n    if (child === null || child === undefined) {\n      continue;\n    } else if (Array.isArray(child)) {\n      result.push(...flattenVNodes(child));\n    } else {\n      result.push(child);\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n// ─── Marker-based DOM helpers ─────────────────────────────\n// Instead of wrapping dynamic blocks/fragments in <span style=\"display:contents\">,\n// we use comment node markers. A marker's __tovaNodes tracks its content nodes.\n// Content nodes have __tovaOwner pointing to their owning marker.\n\n// Recursively dispose ownership roots attached to a DOM subtree\nfunction disposeNode(node) {\n  if (!node) return;\n  if (node.__tovaRoot) {\n    node.__tovaRoot();\n    node.__tovaRoot = null;\n  }\n  // If this is a marker, dispose and remove its content nodes\n  if (node.__tovaNodes) {\n    for (const cn of node.__tovaNodes) {\n      disposeNode(cn);\n      if (cn.parentNode) cn.parentNode.removeChild(cn);\n    }\n    node.__tovaNodes = [];\n  }\n  if (node.childNodes) {\n    for (const child of Array.from(node.childNodes)) {\n      disposeNode(child);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// Check if a node is transitively owned by a marker (walks __tovaOwner chain)\nfunction isOwnedBy(node, marker) {\n  let owner = node.__tovaOwner;\n  while (owner) {\n    if (owner === marker) return true;\n    owner = owner.__tovaOwner;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\n// Get logical children of a parent element (skips marker content nodes)\nfunction getLogicalChildren(parent) {\n  const logical = [];\n  for (let i = 0; i < parent.childNodes.length; i++) {\n    const node = parent.childNodes[i];\n    if (!node.__tovaOwner) {\n      logical.push(node);\n    }\n  }\n  return logical;\n}\n\n// Find the first DOM sibling after all of a marker's content\nfunction nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker) {\n  if (!marker.__tovaNodes || marker.__tovaNodes.length === 0) {\n    return marker.nextSibling;\n  }\n  let last = marker.__tovaNodes[marker.__tovaNodes.length - 1];\n  // If last content is itself a marker, recurse to find physical end\n  while (last && last.__tovaNodes && last.__tovaNodes.length > 0) {\n    last = last.__tovaNodes[last.__tovaNodes.length - 1];\n  }\n  return last ? last.nextSibling : marker.nextSibling;\n}\n\n// Remove a logical node (marker + its content, or a regular node) from the DOM\nfunction removeLogicalNode(parent, node) {\n  disposeNode(node);\n  if (node.parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(node);\n}\n\n// Insert rendered result (could be single node or DocumentFragment) before ref,\n// setting __tovaOwner on top-level inserted nodes. Returns array of inserted nodes.\nfunction insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, owner) {\n  if (rendered.nodeType === 11) {\n    const nodes = Array.from(rendered.childNodes);\n    for (const n of nodes) {\n      if (!n.__tovaOwner) n.__tovaOwner = owner;\n    }\n    parent.insertBefore(rendered, ref);\n    return nodes;\n  }\n  if (!rendered.__tovaOwner) rendered.__tovaOwner = owner;\n  parent.insertBefore(rendered, ref);\n  return [rendered];\n}\n\n// Clear a marker's content from the DOM and reset __tovaNodes\nfunction clearMarkerContent(marker) {\n  for (const node of marker.__tovaNodes) {\n    disposeNode(node);\n    if (node.parentNode) node.parentNode.removeChild(node);\n  }\n  marker.__tovaNodes = [];\n}\n\n// ─── Render ───────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n// Create real DOM nodes from a vnode (with fine-grained reactive bindings).\n// Returns a single DOM node for elements/text, or a DocumentFragment for\n// markers (dynamic blocks, fragments) containing [marker, ...content].\nexport function render(vnode) {\n  if (vnode === null || vnode === undefined) {\n    return document.createTextNode('');\n  }\n\n  // Reactive dynamic block (JSXIf, JSXFor, reactive text, etc.)\n  if (typeof vnode === 'function') {\n    const marker = document.createComment('');\n    marker.__tovaDynamic = true;\n    marker.__tovaNodes = [];\n\n    const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n    frag.appendChild(marker);\n\n    createEffect(() => {\n      const val = vnode();\n      const parent = marker.parentNode;\n      const ref = nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker);\n\n      // Array: keyed or positional reconciliation within marker range\n      if (Array.isArray(val)) {\n        const flat = flattenVNodes(val);\n        const hasKeys = flat.some(c => getKey(c) != null);\n        if (hasKeys) {\n          patchKeyedInMarker(marker, flat);\n        } else {\n          patchPositionalInMarker(marker, flat);\n        }\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // Text: optimize single text node update in place\n      if (val == null || typeof val === 'string' || typeof val === 'number' || typeof val === 'boolean') {\n        const text = val == null ? '' : String(val);\n        if (marker.__tovaNodes.length === 1 && marker.__tovaNodes[0].nodeType === 3) {\n          if (marker.__tovaNodes[0].textContent !== text) {\n            marker.__tovaNodes[0].textContent = text;\n          }\n          return;\n        }\n        clearMarkerContent(marker);\n        const textNode = document.createTextNode(text);\n        textNode.__tovaOwner = marker;\n        parent.insertBefore(textNode, ref);\n        marker.__tovaNodes = [textNode];\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // Vnode or other: clear and re-render\n      clearMarkerContent(marker);\n      if (val && val.__tova) {\n        const rendered = render(val);\n        marker.__tovaNodes = insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, marker);\n      } else {\n        const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(val));\n        textNode.__tovaOwner = marker;\n        parent.insertBefore(textNode, ref);\n        marker.__tovaNodes = [textNode];\n      }\n    });\n\n    return frag;\n  }\n\n  if (typeof vnode === 'string' || typeof vnode === 'number' || typeof vnode === 'boolean') {\n    return document.createTextNode(String(vnode));\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(vnode)) {\n    const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();\n    for (const child of vnode) {\n      fragment.appendChild(render(child));\n    }\n    return fragment;\n  }\n\n  if (!vnode.__tova) {\n    return document.createTextNode(String(vnode));\n  }\n\n  // Fragment — marker + children (no wrapper element)\n  if (vnode.tag === '__fragment') {\n    const marker = document.createComment('');\n    marker.__tovaFragment = true;\n    marker.__tovaNodes = [];\n    marker.__vnode = vnode;\n\n    const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n    frag.appendChild(marker);\n\n    for (const child of flattenVNodes(vnode.children)) {\n      const rendered = render(child);\n      const inserted = insertRendered(frag, rendered, null, marker);\n      marker.__tovaNodes.push(...inserted);\n    }\n\n    return frag;\n  }\n\n  // Dynamic reactive node (ErrorBoundary, Dynamic component, etc.)\n  if (vnode.tag === '__dynamic' && typeof vnode.compute === 'function') {\n    const marker = document.createComment('');\n    marker.__tovaDynamic = true;\n    marker.__tovaNodes = [];\n\n    const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n    frag.appendChild(marker);\n\n    let prevDispose = null;\n    const errHandler = vnode._errorHandler || null;\n    createEffect(() => {\n      if (errHandler) pushErrorHandler(errHandler);\n      try {\n        const inner = vnode.compute();\n        const parent = marker.parentNode;\n        const ref = nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker);\n\n        if (prevDispose) {\n          prevDispose();\n          prevDispose = null;\n        }\n        clearMarkerContent(marker);\n\n        createRoot((dispose) => {\n          prevDispose = dispose;\n          const rendered = render(inner);\n          marker.__tovaNodes = insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, marker);\n        });\n      } catch (e) {\n        if (errHandler) {\n          errHandler(e);\n        } else if (currentErrorHandler) {\n          currentErrorHandler(e);\n        } else {\n          console.error('Uncaught error during render:', e);\n        }\n      } finally {\n        if (errHandler) popErrorHandler();\n      }\n    });\n\n    return frag;\n  }\n\n  // Portal — render children into a different DOM target\n  if (vnode.tag === '__portal') {\n    const placeholder = document.createComment('portal');\n    const targetSelector = vnode.props.target;\n    queueMicrotask(() => {\n      const targetEl = typeof targetSelector === 'string'\n        ? document.querySelector(targetSelector)\n        : targetSelector;\n      if (targetEl) {\n        for (const child of flattenVNodes(vnode.children)) {\n          targetEl.appendChild(render(child));\n        }\n      }\n    });\n    return placeholder;\n  }\n\n  // Element\n  const el = document.createElement(vnode.tag);\n  applyReactiveProps(el, vnode.props);\n\n  // Set data-tova-component attribute for DevTools\n  if (vnode._componentName) {\n    el.setAttribute('data-tova-component', vnode._componentName);\n    if (__devtools_hooks && __devtools_hooks.onComponentRender) {\n      __devtools_hooks.onComponentRender(vnode._componentName, el, 0);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Render children\n  for (const child of flattenVNodes(vnode.children)) {\n    el.appendChild(render(child));\n  }\n\n  // Store vnode reference for patching\n  el.__vnode = vnode;\n\n  return el;\n}\n\n// Apply reactive props — function-valued props get their own effect\nfunction applyReactiveProps(el, props) {\n  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(props)) {\n    if (key === 'ref') {\n      if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && 'current' in value) {\n        value.current = el;\n      } else if (typeof value === 'function') {\n        value(el);\n      }\n    } else if (key.startsWith('on')) {\n      const eventName = key.slice(2).toLowerCase();\n      el.addEventListener(eventName, value);\n      if (!el.__handlers) el.__handlers = {};\n      el.__handlers[eventName] = value;\n    } else if (key === 'key') {\n      // Skip\n    } else if (typeof value === 'function' && !key.startsWith('on')) {\n      // Reactive prop — create effect for fine-grained updates\n      createEffect(() => {\n        const val = value();\n        applyPropValue(el, key, val);\n      });\n    } else {\n      applyPropValue(el, key, value);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nfunction applyPropValue(el, key, val) {\n  if (key === 'className') {\n    if (el.className !== val) el.className = val || '';\n  } else if (key === 'innerHTML' || key === 'dangerouslySetInnerHTML') {\n    const html = typeof val === 'object' && val !== null ? val.__html || '' : val || '';\n    if (el.innerHTML !== html) el.innerHTML = html;\n  } else if (key === 'value') {\n    if (el !== document.activeElement && el.value !== val) {\n      el.value = val;\n    }\n  } else if (key === 'checked') {\n    el.checked = !!val;\n  } else if (key === 'disabled' || key === 'readOnly' || key === 'hidden') {\n    el[key] = !!val;\n  } else if (key === 'style' && typeof val === 'object') {\n    // Clear old properties not present in new style object\n    for (let i = el.style.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n      const prop = el.style[i];\n      const camel = prop.replace(/-([a-z])/g, (_, c) => c.toUpperCase());\n      if (!(prop in val) && !(camel in val)) {\n        el.style.removeProperty(prop);\n      }\n    }\n    Object.assign(el.style, val);\n  } else {\n    const s = val == null ? '' : String(val);\n    if (el.getAttribute(key) !== s) {\n      el.setAttribute(key, s);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// Apply/update props on a DOM element (used by patcher for full-tree mode)\nfunction applyProps(el, newProps, oldProps) {\n  // Remove old props that are no longer present\n  for (const key of Object.keys(oldProps)) {\n    if (!(key in newProps)) {\n      if (key.startsWith('on')) {\n        const eventName = key.slice(2).toLowerCase();\n        if (el.__handlers && el.__handlers[eventName]) {\n          el.removeEventListener(eventName, el.__handlers[eventName]);\n          delete el.__handlers[eventName];\n        }\n      } else if (key === 'className') {\n        el.className = '';\n      } else if (key === 'style') {\n        el.removeAttribute('style');\n      } else {\n        el.removeAttribute(key);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Apply new props\n  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(newProps)) {\n    if (key === 'className') {\n      const val = typeof value === 'function' ? value() : value;\n      if (el.className !== val) el.className = val;\n    } else if (key === 'ref') {\n      if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && 'current' in value) {\n        value.current = el;\n      } else if (typeof value === 'function') {\n        value(el);\n      }\n    } else if (key.startsWith('on')) {\n      const eventName = key.slice(2).toLowerCase();\n      const oldHandler = el.__handlers && el.__handlers[eventName];\n      if (oldHandler !== value) {\n        if (oldHandler) el.removeEventListener(eventName, oldHandler);\n        el.addEventListener(eventName, value);\n        if (!el.__handlers) el.__handlers = {};\n        el.__handlers[eventName] = value;\n      }\n    } else if (key === 'style' && typeof value === 'object') {\n      Object.assign(el.style, value);\n    } else if (key === 'key') {\n      // Skip\n    } else if (key === 'value') {\n      const val = typeof value === 'function' ? value() : value;\n      if (el !== document.activeElement && el.value !== val) {\n        el.value = val;\n      }\n    } else if (key === 'checked') {\n      el.checked = !!value;\n    } else {\n      const val = typeof value === 'function' ? value() : value;\n      if (el.getAttribute(key) !== String(val)) {\n        el.setAttribute(key, val);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Keyed Reconciliation ────────────────────────────────\n\nfunction getKey(vnode) {\n  if (vnode && vnode.__tova && vnode.props) return vnode.props.key;\n  return undefined;\n}\n\nfunction getNodeKey(node) {\n  if (node && node.__vnode && node.__vnode.props) return node.__vnode.props.key;\n  return undefined;\n}\n\n// Keyed reconciliation within a marker's content range\nfunction patchKeyedInMarker(marker, newVNodes) {\n  const parent = marker.parentNode;\n  const oldNodes = [...marker.__tovaNodes];\n  const oldKeyMap = new Map();\n\n  for (const node of oldNodes) {\n    const key = getNodeKey(node);\n    if (key != null) oldKeyMap.set(key, node);\n  }\n\n  const newNodes = [];\n  const usedOld = new Set();\n\n  for (const newChild of newVNodes) {\n    const key = getKey(newChild);\n\n    if (key != null && oldKeyMap.has(key)) {\n      const oldNode = oldKeyMap.get(key);\n      usedOld.add(oldNode);\n\n      if (oldNode.nodeType === 1 && newChild.__tova &&\n          oldNode.tagName.toLowerCase() === newChild.tag.toLowerCase()) {\n        const oldVNode = oldNode.__vnode || { props: {}, children: [] };\n        applyProps(oldNode, newChild.props, oldVNode.props);\n        patchChildrenOfElement(oldNode, flattenVNodes(newChild.children));\n        oldNode.__vnode = newChild;\n        newNodes.push(oldNode);\n      } else {\n        const node = render(newChild);\n        // render may return Fragment — collect nodes\n        if (node.nodeType === 11) {\n          const nodes = Array.from(node.childNodes);\n          for (const n of nodes) { if (!n.__tovaOwner) n.__tovaOwner = marker; }\n          parent.insertBefore(node, nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker));\n          newNodes.push(...nodes);\n        } else {\n          if (!node.__tovaOwner) node.__tovaOwner = marker;\n          newNodes.push(node);\n        }\n      }\n    } else {\n      const node = render(newChild);\n      if (node.nodeType === 11) {\n        const nodes = Array.from(node.childNodes);\n        for (const n of nodes) { if (!n.__tovaOwner) n.__tovaOwner = marker; }\n        parent.insertBefore(node, nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker));\n        newNodes.push(...nodes);\n      } else {\n        if (!node.__tovaOwner) node.__tovaOwner = marker;\n        newNodes.push(node);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove unused old nodes\n  for (const node of oldNodes) {\n    if (!usedOld.has(node)) {\n      disposeNode(node);\n      if (node.parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(node);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Arrange in correct order after marker using cursor approach\n  let cursor = marker.nextSibling;\n  for (const node of newNodes) {\n    if (node === cursor) {\n      cursor = node.nextSibling;\n    } else {\n      parent.insertBefore(node, cursor);\n    }\n  }\n\n  marker.__tovaNodes = newNodes;\n}\n\n// Positional reconciliation within a marker's content range\nfunction patchPositionalInMarker(marker, newChildren) {\n  const parent = marker.parentNode;\n  const oldNodes = [...marker.__tovaNodes];\n  const oldCount = oldNodes.length;\n  const newCount = newChildren.length;\n\n  // Patch in place\n  const patchCount = Math.min(oldCount, newCount);\n  for (let i = 0; i < patchCount; i++) {\n    patchSingle(parent, oldNodes[i], newChildren[i]);\n  }\n\n  // Append new children\n  const ref = nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker);\n  for (let i = oldCount; i < newCount; i++) {\n    const rendered = render(newChildren[i]);\n    const inserted = insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, marker);\n    oldNodes.push(...inserted);\n  }\n\n  // Remove excess children\n  for (let i = newCount; i < oldCount; i++) {\n    disposeNode(oldNodes[i]);\n    if (oldNodes[i].parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(oldNodes[i]);\n  }\n\n  marker.__tovaNodes = oldNodes.slice(0, newCount);\n}\n\n// Keyed reconciliation for children of an element (not marker-based)\nfunction patchKeyedChildren(parent, newVNodes) {\n  const logical = getLogicalChildren(parent);\n  const oldKeyMap = new Map();\n\n  for (const node of logical) {\n    const key = getNodeKey(node);\n    if (key != null) oldKeyMap.set(key, node);\n  }\n\n  const newNodes = [];\n  const usedOld = new Set();\n\n  for (const newChild of newVNodes) {\n    const key = getKey(newChild);\n\n    if (key != null && oldKeyMap.has(key)) {\n      const oldNode = oldKeyMap.get(key);\n      usedOld.add(oldNode);\n\n      if (oldNode.nodeType === 1 && newChild.__tova &&\n          oldNode.tagName.toLowerCase() === newChild.tag.toLowerCase()) {\n        const oldVNode = oldNode.__vnode || { props: {}, children: [] };\n        applyProps(oldNode, newChild.props, oldVNode.props);\n        patchChildrenOfElement(oldNode, flattenVNodes(newChild.children));\n        oldNode.__vnode = newChild;\n        newNodes.push(oldNode);\n      } else {\n        newNodes.push(render(newChild));\n      }\n    } else {\n      newNodes.push(render(newChild));\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove unused old logical nodes\n  for (const node of logical) {\n    if (!usedOld.has(node) && node.parentNode === parent) {\n      removeLogicalNode(parent, node);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Arrange in correct order\n  for (let i = 0; i < newNodes.length; i++) {\n    const expected = newNodes[i];\n    const logicalNow = getLogicalChildren(parent);\n    const current = logicalNow[i];\n    if (current !== expected) {\n      parent.insertBefore(expected, current || null);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// Positional reconciliation for children of an element\nfunction patchPositionalChildren(parent, newChildren) {\n  const logical = getLogicalChildren(parent);\n  const oldCount = logical.length;\n  const newCount = newChildren.length;\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < Math.min(oldCount, newCount); i++) {\n    patchSingle(parent, logical[i], newChildren[i]);\n  }\n\n  for (let i = oldCount; i < newCount; i++) {\n    parent.appendChild(render(newChildren[i]));\n  }\n\n  // Remove excess logical children\n  const currentLogical = getLogicalChildren(parent);\n  while (currentLogical.length > newCount) {\n    const node = currentLogical.pop();\n    removeLogicalNode(parent, node);\n  }\n}\n\n// Patch children of a regular element\nfunction patchChildrenOfElement(el, newChildren) {\n  const hasKeys = newChildren.some(c => getKey(c) != null);\n  if (hasKeys) {\n    patchKeyedChildren(el, newChildren);\n  } else {\n    patchPositionalChildren(el, newChildren);\n  }\n}\n\n// Patch a single logical node in place\nfunction patchSingle(parent, existing, newVNode) {\n  if (!existing) {\n    parent.appendChild(render(newVNode));\n    return;\n  }\n\n  if (newVNode === null || newVNode === undefined) {\n    removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Function vnode — replace with new dynamic block\n  if (typeof newVNode === 'function') {\n    const rendered = render(newVNode);\n    if (existing.__tovaNodes) {\n      // Existing is a marker — clear its content and replace\n      clearMarkerContent(existing);\n      parent.replaceChild(rendered, existing);\n    } else {\n      disposeNode(existing);\n      parent.replaceChild(rendered, existing);\n    }\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Text\n  if (typeof newVNode === 'string' || typeof newVNode === 'number' || typeof newVNode === 'boolean') {\n    const text = String(newVNode);\n    if (existing.nodeType === 3) {\n      if (existing.textContent !== text) existing.textContent = text;\n    } else {\n      removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n      parent.insertBefore(document.createTextNode(text), null);\n    }\n    return;\n  }\n\n  if (!newVNode.__tova) {\n    const text = String(newVNode);\n    if (existing.nodeType === 3) {\n      if (existing.textContent !== text) existing.textContent = text;\n    } else {\n      removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n      parent.insertBefore(document.createTextNode(text), null);\n    }\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Fragment — patch marker content\n  if (newVNode.tag === '__fragment') {\n    if (existing.__tovaFragment) {\n      // Patch children within the marker range\n      const oldNodes = [...existing.__tovaNodes];\n      const newChildren = flattenVNodes(newVNode.children);\n      // Simple approach: clear and re-render fragment content\n      clearMarkerContent(existing);\n      const ref = nextSiblingAfterMarker(existing);\n      for (const child of newChildren) {\n        const rendered = render(child);\n        const inserted = insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, existing);\n        existing.__tovaNodes.push(...inserted);\n      }\n      existing.__vnode = newVNode;\n      return;\n    }\n    removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n    parent.appendChild(render(newVNode));\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Element — patch in place\n  if (existing.nodeType === 1 && newVNode.tag &&\n      existing.tagName.toLowerCase() === newVNode.tag.toLowerCase()) {\n    const oldVNode = existing.__vnode || { props: {}, children: [] };\n    applyProps(existing, newVNode.props, oldVNode.props);\n    patchChildrenOfElement(existing, flattenVNodes(newVNode.children));\n    existing.__vnode = newVNode;\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Different type — full replace\n  removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n  parent.appendChild(render(newVNode));\n}\n\n// ─── Hydration (SSR) ─────────────────────────────────────\n// SSR renders flat HTML without markers. Hydration attaches reactivity\n// to existing DOM nodes and inserts markers for dynamic blocks.\n\n// Dev-mode hydration mismatch detection\nfunction checkHydrationMismatch(domNode, vnode) {\n  if (!__DEV__) return;\n  if (!domNode || !vnode || !vnode.__tova) return;\n\n  const props = vnode.props || {};\n\n  // Check className\n  if (props.className !== undefined) {\n    const expected = typeof props.className === 'function' ? props.className() : props.className;\n    const actual = domNode.className || '';\n    if (expected && actual !== expected) {\n      console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: <${vnode.tag}> class expected \"${expected}\" but got \"${actual}\"`);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Check attributes\n  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(props)) {\n    if (key === 'key' || key === 'ref' || key === 'className' || key.startsWith('on')) continue;\n    if (typeof value === 'function') continue; // reactive props — skip static check\n\n    if (domNode.getAttribute) {\n      const attrName = key === 'className' ? 'class' : key;\n      const actual = domNode.getAttribute(attrName);\n      const expected = String(value);\n      if (actual !== null && actual !== expected) {\n        console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: <${vnode.tag}> attribute \"${key}\" expected \"${expected}\" but got \"${actual}\"`);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// Check if a DOM node is an SSR marker comment (<!--tova-s:ID-->)\nfunction isSSRMarker(node) {\n  return node && node.nodeType === 8 && typeof node.data === 'string' && node.data.startsWith('tova-s:');\n}\n\n// Find the closing SSR marker and collect content nodes between them\nfunction collectSSRMarkerContent(startMarker) {\n  const id = startMarker.data.replace('tova-s:', '');\n  const closingText = `/tova-s:${id}`;\n  const content = [];\n  let cursor = startMarker.nextSibling;\n  while (cursor) {\n    if (cursor.nodeType === 8 && cursor.data === closingText) {\n      return { content, endMarker: cursor };\n    }\n    content.push(cursor);\n    cursor = cursor.nextSibling;\n  }\n  return { content, endMarker: null };\n}\n\nfunction hydrateVNode(domNode, vnode) {\n  if (!domNode) return null;\n  if (vnode === null || vnode === undefined) return domNode;\n\n  // Function vnode (reactive text, JSXIf, JSXFor)\n  if (typeof vnode === 'function') {\n    if (domNode.nodeType === 3) {\n      // Dev-mode: warn if text content differs\n      if (__DEV__) {\n        const val = vnode();\n        const expected = val == null ? '' : String(val);\n        if (domNode.textContent !== expected) {\n          console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: text expected \"${expected}\" but got \"${domNode.textContent}\"`);\n        }\n      }\n      // Reactive text: attach effect to existing text node\n      domNode.__tovaReactive = true;\n      createEffect(() => {\n        const val = vnode();\n        const text = val == null ? '' : String(val);\n        if (domNode.textContent !== text) domNode.textContent = text;\n      });\n      return domNode.nextSibling;\n    }\n    // Complex dynamic block: insert marker-based render, replace SSR node\n    const parent = domNode.parentNode;\n    const next = domNode.nextSibling;\n    const rendered = render(vnode);\n    parent.replaceChild(rendered, domNode);\n    return next;\n  }\n\n  // Primitive text — already correct from SSR\n  if (typeof vnode === 'string' || typeof vnode === 'number' || typeof vnode === 'boolean') {\n    if (__DEV__ && domNode.nodeType === 3) {\n      const expected = String(vnode);\n      if (domNode.textContent !== expected) {\n        console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: text expected \"${expected}\" but got \"${domNode.textContent}\"`);\n      }\n    }\n    return domNode.nextSibling;\n  }\n\n  // Array\n  if (Array.isArray(vnode)) {\n    let cursor = domNode;\n    for (const child of flattenVNodes(vnode)) {\n      if (!cursor) break;\n      cursor = hydrateVNode(cursor, child);\n    }\n    return cursor;\n  }\n\n  if (!vnode.__tova) return domNode.nextSibling;\n\n  // Fragment — children rendered inline in SSR (no wrapper)\n  if (vnode.tag === '__fragment') {\n    const children = flattenVNodes(vnode.children);\n    let cursor = domNode;\n    for (const child of children) {\n      if (!cursor) break;\n      cursor = hydrateVNode(cursor, child);\n    }\n    return cursor;\n  }\n\n  // Dynamic node — SSR marker-aware hydration\n  if (vnode.tag === '__dynamic' && typeof vnode.compute === 'function') {\n    // Check if current domNode is an SSR marker (<!--tova-s:ID-->)\n    if (isSSRMarker(domNode)) {\n      const { content, endMarker } = collectSSRMarkerContent(domNode);\n      const parent = domNode.parentNode;\n\n      // Remove SSR markers and content, replace with reactive marker\n      const afterEnd = endMarker ? endMarker.nextSibling : null;\n      for (const node of content) {\n        if (node.parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(node);\n      }\n      if (endMarker && endMarker.parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(endMarker);\n\n      const rendered = render(vnode);\n      parent.replaceChild(rendered, domNode);\n      return afterEnd;\n    }\n\n    // No SSR marker — fall back to standard behavior\n    const parent = domNode.parentNode;\n    const next = domNode.nextSibling;\n    const rendered = render(vnode);\n    parent.replaceChild(rendered, domNode);\n    return next;\n  }\n\n  // Element — attach event handlers, reactive props, refs\n  if (domNode.nodeType === 1 && domNode.tagName.toLowerCase() === vnode.tag.toLowerCase()) {\n    if (__DEV__) checkHydrationMismatch(domNode, vnode);\n    hydrateProps(domNode, vnode.props);\n    domNode.__vnode = vnode;\n\n    const children = flattenVNodes(vnode.children || []);\n    let cursor = domNode.firstChild;\n    for (const child of children) {\n      if (!cursor) break;\n      cursor = hydrateVNode(cursor, child);\n    }\n    return domNode.nextSibling;\n  }\n\n  // Tag mismatch — fall back to full render\n  if (__DEV__) {\n    const expectedTag = vnode.tag || '(unknown)';\n    const actualTag = domNode.tagName ? domNode.tagName.toLowerCase() : `nodeType:${domNode.nodeType}`;\n    console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: expected <${expectedTag}> but got <${actualTag}>, falling back to full render`);\n  }\n  const parent = domNode.parentNode;\n  const next = domNode.nextSibling;\n  const rendered = render(vnode);\n  parent.replaceChild(rendered, domNode);\n  return next;\n}\n\nfunction hydrateProps(el, props) {\n  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(props)) {\n    if (key === 'ref') {\n      if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && 'current' in value) {\n        value.current = el;\n      } else if (typeof value === 'function') {\n        value(el);\n      }\n    } else if (key.startsWith('on')) {\n      const eventName = key.slice(2).toLowerCase();\n      el.addEventListener(eventName, value);\n      if (!el.__handlers) el.__handlers = {};\n      el.__handlers[eventName] = value;\n    } else if (key === 'key') {\n      // Skip\n    } else if (typeof value === 'function' && !key.startsWith('on')) {\n      createEffect(() => {\n        const val = value();\n        applyPropValue(el, key, val);\n      });\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nexport function hydrate(component, container) {\n  if (!container) {\n    console.error('Tova: Hydration target not found');\n    return;\n  }\n\n  const startTime = typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() : 0;\n\n  const result = createRoot(() => {\n    const vnode = typeof component === 'function' ? component() : component;\n    if (container.firstChild) {\n      hydrateVNode(container.firstChild, vnode);\n    }\n  });\n\n  // Dispatch hydration completion event\n  const duration = typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() - startTime : 0;\n  if (typeof CustomEvent !== 'undefined' && typeof container.dispatchEvent === 'function') {\n    container.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('tova:hydrated', { detail: { duration }, bubbles: true }));\n  }\n\n  if (__devtools_hooks && __devtools_hooks.onHydrate) {\n    __devtools_hooks.onHydrate({ duration });\n  }\n\n  return result;\n}\n\nexport function mount(component, container) {\n  if (!container) {\n    console.error('Tova: Mount target not found');\n    return;\n  }\n\n  const result = createRoot((dispose) => {\n    const vnode = typeof component === 'function' ? component() : component;\n    container.innerHTML = '';\n    container.appendChild(render(vnode));\n    return dispose;\n  });\n\n  if (__devtools_hooks && __devtools_hooks.onMount) {\n    __devtools_hooks.onMount();\n  }\n\n  return result;\n}\n\n// ─── Progressive Hydration ──────────────────────────────────\n// Hydrate a component only when it becomes visible in the viewport.\n\nexport function hydrateWhenVisible(component, domNode, options = {}) {\n  if (typeof IntersectionObserver === 'undefined') {\n    // Fallback: hydrate immediately\n    return hydrate(component, domNode);\n  }\n\n  const { rootMargin = '200px' } = options;\n  let hydrated = false;\n\n  const observer = new IntersectionObserver(\n    (entries) => {\n      for (const entry of entries) {\n        if (entry.isIntersecting && !hydrated) {\n          hydrated = true;\n          observer.disconnect();\n          hydrate(component, domNode);\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    { rootMargin },\n  );\n\n  observer.observe(domNode);\n\n  return () => {\n    observer.disconnect();\n  };\n}\n";
+export const REACTIVITY_SOURCE = "// Fine-grained reactivity system for Tova (signals-based)\n\nconst __DEV__ = typeof process !== 'undefined' && process.env?.NODE_ENV !== 'production';\n\n// ─── DevTools hooks (zero-cost when disabled) ────────────\nlet __devtools_hooks = null;\nexport function __enableDevTools(hooks) {\n  __devtools_hooks = hooks;\n}\n\nlet currentEffect = null;\nconst effectStack = [];\n\n// ─── Ownership System ─────────────────────────────────────\nlet currentOwner = null;\nconst ownerStack = [];\n\n// ─── Batching ────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Default: synchronous flush after each setter (backward compatible).\n// Inside batch(): effects are deferred and flushed once when batch ends.\n// This means setA(1); setB(2) causes 2 runs by default, but\n// batch(() => { setA(1); setB(2); }) causes only 1 run.\n\nlet pendingEffects = new Set();\nlet batchDepth = 0;\nlet flushing = false;\n\nfunction flush() {\n  if (flushing) return; // prevent re-entrant flush\n  flushing = true;\n  let iterations = 0;\n  try {\n    while (pendingEffects.size > 0) {\n      if (++iterations > 100) {\n        console.error('Tova: Possible infinite loop in reactive updates (>100 flush iterations). Aborting.');\n        pendingEffects.clear();\n        break;\n      }\n      const toRun = [...pendingEffects];\n      pendingEffects.clear();\n      for (const effect of toRun) {\n        if (!effect._disposed) {\n          effect();\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  } finally {\n    flushing = false;\n  }\n}\n\nexport function batch(fn) {\n  batchDepth++;\n  try {\n    fn();\n  } finally {\n    batchDepth--;\n    if (batchDepth === 0) {\n      flush();\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Ownership Root ──────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport function createRoot(fn) {\n  const root = {\n    _children: [],\n    _disposed: false,\n    _cleanups: [],\n    _contexts: null,\n    _owner: currentOwner,\n    dispose() {\n      if (root._disposed) return;\n      root._disposed = true;\n      // Dispose children in reverse order\n      for (let i = root._children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const child = root._children[i];\n        if (typeof child.dispose === 'function') child.dispose();\n      }\n      root._children.length = 0;\n      // Run cleanups in reverse order\n      for (let i = root._cleanups.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        try { root._cleanups[i](); } catch (e) { console.error('Tova: root cleanup error:', e); }\n      }\n      root._cleanups.length = 0;\n    }\n  };\n  ownerStack.push(currentOwner);\n  currentOwner = root;\n  try {\n    return fn(root.dispose.bind(root));\n  } finally {\n    currentOwner = ownerStack.pop();\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Dependency Cleanup ──────────────────────────────────\n\nfunction cleanupDeps(subscriber) {\n  if (subscriber._deps) {\n    for (const depSet of subscriber._deps) {\n      depSet.delete(subscriber);\n    }\n    subscriber._deps.clear();\n  }\n}\n\nfunction trackDep(subscriber, subscriberSet) {\n  subscriberSet.add(subscriber);\n  if (!subscriber._deps) subscriber._deps = new Set();\n  subscriber._deps.add(subscriberSet);\n}\n\n// ─── Signals ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport function createSignal(initialValue, name) {\n  let value = initialValue;\n  const subscribers = new Set();\n  let signalId = null;\n\n  if (__devtools_hooks) {\n    signalId = __devtools_hooks.onSignalCreate(\n      () => value,\n      (v) => setter(v),\n      name,\n    );\n  }\n\n  function getter() {\n    if (currentEffect) {\n      trackDep(currentEffect, subscribers);\n    }\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  function setter(newValue) {\n    if (typeof newValue === 'function') {\n      newValue = newValue(value);\n    }\n    if (value !== newValue) {\n      const oldValue = value;\n      value = newValue;\n      if (__devtools_hooks && signalId != null) {\n        __devtools_hooks.onSignalUpdate(signalId, oldValue, newValue);\n      }\n      for (const sub of [...subscribers]) {\n        if (sub._isComputed) {\n          sub(); // propagate dirty flags synchronously through computed graph\n        } else {\n          pendingEffects.add(sub);\n        }\n      }\n      if (batchDepth === 0) {\n        flush();\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return [getter, setter];\n}\n\n// ─── Effects ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nfunction runCleanups(effect) {\n  if (effect._cleanup) {\n    try { effect._cleanup(); } catch (e) { console.error('Tova: cleanup error:', e); }\n    effect._cleanup = null;\n  }\n  if (effect._cleanups && effect._cleanups.length > 0) {\n    for (const cb of effect._cleanups) {\n      try { cb(); } catch (e) { console.error('Tova: cleanup error:', e); }\n    }\n    effect._cleanups = [];\n  }\n}\n\nexport function createEffect(fn) {\n  function effect() {\n    if (effect._running) return;\n    if (effect._disposed) return;\n    effect._running = true;\n\n    // Run cleanups from previous execution\n    runCleanups(effect);\n\n    // Remove from all previous dependency subscriber sets\n    cleanupDeps(effect);\n\n    effectStack.push(effect);\n    currentEffect = effect;\n    const startTime = __devtools_hooks && typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() : 0;\n    try {\n      const result = fn();\n      // If effect returns a function, use as cleanup\n      if (typeof result === 'function') {\n        effect._cleanup = result;\n      }\n    } catch (e) {\n      console.error('Tova: Error in effect:', e);\n      if (currentErrorHandler) {\n        currentErrorHandler(e);\n      }\n    } finally {\n      if (__devtools_hooks) {\n        const duration = typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() - startTime : 0;\n        __devtools_hooks.onEffectRun(effect, duration);\n      }\n      effectStack.pop();\n      currentEffect = effectStack[effectStack.length - 1] || null;\n      effect._running = false;\n    }\n  }\n\n  effect._deps = new Set();\n  effect._running = false;\n  effect._disposed = false;\n  effect._cleanup = null;\n  effect._cleanups = [];\n  effect._owner = currentOwner;\n\n  if (__devtools_hooks) {\n    __devtools_hooks.onEffectCreate(effect);\n  }\n\n  if (currentOwner && !currentOwner._disposed) {\n    currentOwner._children.push(effect);\n  }\n\n  effect.dispose = function () {\n    effect._disposed = true;\n    runCleanups(effect);\n    cleanupDeps(effect);\n    pendingEffects.delete(effect);\n    // Remove from owner's children\n    if (effect._owner) {\n      const idx = effect._owner._children.indexOf(effect);\n      if (idx >= 0) effect._owner._children.splice(idx, 1);\n    }\n  };\n\n  // Run immediately (synchronous first run)\n  effect();\n  return effect;\n}\n\n// ─── Computed (lazy/pull-based for glitch-free reads) ────\n\nexport function createComputed(fn) {\n  let value;\n  let dirty = true;\n  const subscribers = new Set();\n\n  // notify is called synchronously when a source signal changes.\n  // It marks the computed dirty and propagates to downstream subscribers.\n  function notify() {\n    if (!dirty) {\n      dirty = true;\n      for (const sub of [...subscribers]) {\n        if (sub._isComputed) {\n          sub(); // cascade dirty flags synchronously\n        } else {\n          pendingEffects.add(sub);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  notify._deps = new Set();\n  notify._disposed = false;\n  notify._isComputed = true;\n  notify._owner = currentOwner;\n\n  if (currentOwner && !currentOwner._disposed) {\n    currentOwner._children.push(notify);\n  }\n\n  notify.dispose = function () {\n    notify._disposed = true;\n    cleanupDeps(notify);\n    if (notify._owner) {\n      const idx = notify._owner._children.indexOf(notify);\n      if (idx >= 0) notify._owner._children.splice(idx, 1);\n    }\n  };\n\n  function recompute() {\n    cleanupDeps(notify);\n\n    effectStack.push(notify);\n    currentEffect = notify;\n    try {\n      value = fn();\n      dirty = false;\n    } finally {\n      effectStack.pop();\n      currentEffect = effectStack[effectStack.length - 1] || null;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Initial computation\n  recompute();\n\n  function getter() {\n    if (currentEffect) {\n      trackDep(currentEffect, subscribers);\n    }\n    if (dirty) {\n      recompute();\n    }\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  return getter;\n}\n\n// ─── Lifecycle Hooks ─────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport function onMount(fn) {\n  const owner = currentOwner;\n  queueMicrotask(() => {\n    const result = fn();\n    if (typeof result === 'function' && owner && !owner._disposed) {\n      owner._cleanups.push(result);\n    }\n  });\n}\n\nexport function onUnmount(fn) {\n  if (currentOwner && !currentOwner._disposed) {\n    currentOwner._cleanups.push(fn);\n  }\n}\n\nexport function onCleanup(fn) {\n  if (currentEffect) {\n    if (!currentEffect._cleanups) currentEffect._cleanups = [];\n    currentEffect._cleanups.push(fn);\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Untrack ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Run a function without tracking any signal reads (opt out of reactivity)\n\nexport function untrack(fn) {\n  const prev = currentEffect;\n  currentEffect = null;\n  try {\n    return fn();\n  } finally {\n    currentEffect = prev;\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Watch ───────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Watch a reactive expression, calling callback with (newValue, oldValue)\n// Returns a dispose function to stop watching.\n\nexport function watch(getter, callback, options = {}) {\n  let oldValue = undefined;\n  let initialized = false;\n\n  const effect = createEffect(() => {\n    const newValue = getter();\n    if (initialized) {\n      untrack(() => callback(newValue, oldValue));\n    } else if (options.immediate) {\n      untrack(() => callback(newValue, undefined));\n    }\n    oldValue = newValue;\n    initialized = true;\n  });\n\n  return effect.dispose ? effect.dispose.bind(effect) : () => {\n    effect._disposed = true;\n    runCleanups(effect);\n    cleanupDeps(effect);\n    pendingEffects.delete(effect);\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Refs ────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport function createRef(initialValue) {\n  return { current: initialValue !== undefined ? initialValue : null };\n}\n\n// ─── Error Boundaries ────────────────────────────────────\n\n// Stack-based error handler for correct nested boundary propagation\nconst errorHandlerStack = [];\nlet currentErrorHandler = null;\n\nfunction pushErrorHandler(handler) {\n  errorHandlerStack.push(currentErrorHandler);\n  currentErrorHandler = handler;\n}\n\nfunction popErrorHandler() {\n  currentErrorHandler = errorHandlerStack.pop() || null;\n}\n\n// Component name tracking for stack traces\nconst componentNameStack = [];\n\nexport function pushComponentName(name) {\n  componentNameStack.push(name);\n}\n\nexport function popComponentName() {\n  componentNameStack.pop();\n}\n\nfunction buildComponentStack() {\n  return [...componentNameStack].reverse();\n}\n\nexport function createErrorBoundary(options = {}) {\n  const { onError, onReset } = options;\n  const [error, setError] = createSignal(null);\n\n  function run(fn) {\n    pushErrorHandler((e) => {\n      const stack = buildComponentStack();\n      if (e && typeof e === 'object') e.__tovaComponentStack = stack;\n      setError(e);\n      if (onError) onError({ error: e, componentStack: stack });\n    });\n    try {\n      return fn();\n    } catch (e) {\n      const stack = buildComponentStack();\n      if (e && typeof e === 'object') e.__tovaComponentStack = stack;\n      setError(e);\n      if (onError) onError({ error: e, componentStack: stack });\n      return null;\n    } finally {\n      popErrorHandler();\n    }\n  }\n\n  function reset() {\n    setError(null);\n    if (onReset) onReset();\n  }\n\n  return { error, run, reset };\n}\n\nlet __errorBoundaryIdCounter = 0;\n\nexport function ErrorBoundary({ fallback, children, onError, onReset, onErrorCleared, retry = 0 }) {\n  const [error, setError] = createSignal(null);\n  const [retryCount, setRetryCount] = createSignal(0);\n  const boundaryId = ++__errorBoundaryIdCounter;\n  let lastErrorId = 0;\n\n  function handleError(e) {\n    const stack = buildComponentStack();\n    const errorId = `EB${boundaryId}-${++lastErrorId}`;\n\n    if (e && typeof e === 'object') {\n      e.__tovaComponentStack = stack;\n      e.__tovaErrorId = errorId;\n    }\n\n    if (retryCount() < retry) {\n      setRetryCount(c => c + 1);\n      setError(null); // clear to re-trigger render\n      return;\n    }\n    setError(e);\n    if (onError) onError({ error: e, componentStack: stack, errorId, retryCount: retryCount() });\n  }\n\n  function resetBoundary() {\n    setRetryCount(0);\n    setError(null);\n    if (onReset) onReset();\n  }\n\n  // Return a reactive wrapper that switches between children and fallback\n  const childContent = children && children.length === 1 ? children[0] : tova_fragment(children || []);\n\n  const vnode = {\n    __tova: true,\n    tag: '__dynamic',\n    props: {},\n    children: [],\n    _fallback: fallback,\n    _componentName: 'ErrorBoundary',\n    _errorHandler: handleError, // Active during __dynamic effect render cycle\n    compute: () => {\n      const err = error();\n      if (err) {\n        // Render fallback — if fallback itself throws, propagate to parent boundary\n        try {\n          const errorId = err && typeof err === 'object' ? err.__tovaErrorId : null;\n          return typeof fallback === 'function'\n            ? fallback({\n                error: err,\n                errorId,\n                retryCount: retryCount(),\n                componentStack: err && typeof err === 'object' ? err.__tovaComponentStack : [],\n                reset: resetBoundary,\n              })\n            : fallback;\n        } catch (fallbackError) {\n          // Fallback threw — propagate to parent error boundary\n          if (currentErrorHandler) {\n            currentErrorHandler(fallbackError);\n          }\n          return null;\n        }\n      }\n      // Children rendered successfully — fire onErrorCleared if we recovered from an error\n      if (onErrorCleared && lastErrorId > 0 && retryCount() === 0) {\n        queueMicrotask(() => onErrorCleared());\n      }\n      return childContent;\n    },\n  };\n\n  return vnode;\n}\n\n// Built-in ErrorInfo component — renders a formatted error display\n// Usage: <ErrorBoundary fallback={fn(props) ErrorInfo(props)} />\nexport function ErrorInfo({ error, errorId, componentStack, reset, retryCount }) {\n  const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);\n  const stackTrace = error instanceof Error && error.stack ? error.stack : '';\n  const compStack = (componentStack || []).join(' > ');\n\n  const children = [\n    tova_el('h3', { style: { margin: '0 0 8px 0', color: '#e53e3e' } }, ['Something went wrong']),\n    tova_el('p', { style: { margin: '4px 0', fontFamily: 'monospace', fontSize: '14px' } }, [message]),\n  ];\n\n  if (compStack) {\n    children.push(\n      tova_el('p', { style: { margin: '4px 0', fontSize: '12px', color: '#718096' } }, [\n        'Component: ', compStack\n      ])\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (errorId) {\n    children.push(\n      tova_el('p', { style: { margin: '4px 0', fontSize: '11px', color: '#a0aec0' } }, [\n        'Error ID: ', errorId\n      ])\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (stackTrace) {\n    children.push(\n      tova_el('details', { style: { marginTop: '8px', fontSize: '12px' } }, [\n        tova_el('summary', { style: { cursor: 'pointer', color: '#4a5568' } }, ['Stack trace']),\n        tova_el('pre', { style: { margin: '4px 0', padding: '8px', background: '#1a202c', color: '#e2e8f0', borderRadius: '4px', overflow: 'auto', fontSize: '11px', maxHeight: '200px' } }, [stackTrace]),\n      ])\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (reset) {\n    children.push(\n      tova_el('button', {\n        style: { marginTop: '8px', padding: '6px 16px', background: '#3182ce', color: 'white', border: 'none', borderRadius: '4px', cursor: 'pointer', fontSize: '13px' },\n        onClick: reset,\n      }, [retryCount > 0 ? 'Retry again' : 'Try again'])\n    );\n  }\n\n  return tova_el('div', {\n    style: { padding: '16px', border: '1px solid #fed7d7', borderRadius: '8px', background: '#fff5f5', color: '#2d3748', fontFamily: 'system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif' },\n    role: 'alert',\n  }, children);\n}\n\n// ─── Dynamic Component ──────────────────────────────────\n// Renders a component dynamically based on a reactive signal.\n// Usage: Dynamic({ component: mySignal, ...props })\n\nexport function Dynamic({ component, ...rest }) {\n  return {\n    __tova: true,\n    tag: '__dynamic',\n    props: {},\n    children: [],\n    compute: () => {\n      const comp = typeof component === 'function' && !component.__tova ? component() : component;\n      if (!comp) return null;\n      if (typeof comp === 'function') {\n        return comp(rest);\n      }\n      return comp;\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Portal ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Renders children into a different DOM target.\n// Usage: Portal({ target: \"#modal-root\", children })\n\nexport function Portal({ target, children }) {\n  return {\n    __tova: true,\n    tag: '__portal',\n    props: { target },\n    children: children || [],\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Lazy ───────────────────────────────────────────────\n// Async component loading with optional fallback.\n// Usage: const LazyComp = lazy(() => import('./HeavyComponent.js'))\n\nexport function lazy(loader) {\n  let resolved = null;\n  let loadError = null;\n  let promise = null;\n\n  return function LazyWrapper(props) {\n    if (resolved) {\n      return resolved(props);\n    }\n\n    if (!promise) {\n      promise = loader()\n        .then(mod => {\n          resolved = mod.default || mod;\n        })\n        .catch(e => { loadError = e; });\n    }\n\n    const [tick, setTick] = createSignal(0);\n\n    // Trigger re-render when promise settles\n    promise.then(() => setTick(1)).catch(() => setTick(1));\n\n    return {\n      __tova: true,\n      tag: '__dynamic',\n      props: {},\n      children: [],\n      compute: () => {\n        tick(); // Track for reactivity\n        if (loadError) return tova_el('span', { className: 'tova-error' }, [String(loadError)]);\n        if (resolved) return resolved(props);\n        // Fallback while loading\n        return props && props.fallback ? props.fallback : null;\n      },\n    };\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Context (Provide/Inject) ────────────────────────────\n// Tree-based: values are stored on the ownership tree, inject walks up.\n\nexport function createContext(defaultValue) {\n  const id = Symbol('context');\n  return { _id: id, _default: defaultValue };\n}\n\nexport function provide(context, value) {\n  const owner = currentOwner;\n  if (owner) {\n    if (!owner._contexts) owner._contexts = new Map();\n    owner._contexts.set(context._id, value);\n  }\n}\n\nexport function inject(context) {\n  let owner = currentOwner;\n  while (owner) {\n    if (owner._contexts && owner._contexts.has(context._id)) {\n      return owner._contexts.get(context._id);\n    }\n    owner = owner._owner;\n  }\n  return context._default;\n}\n\n// ─── DOM Rendering ────────────────────────────────────────\n\n// Inject scoped CSS into the page (idempotent — only injects once per id)\nconst __tovaInjectedStyles = new Set();\nexport function tova_inject_css(id, css) {\n  if (__tovaInjectedStyles.has(id)) return;\n  __tovaInjectedStyles.add(id);\n  const style = document.createElement('style');\n  style.setAttribute('data-tova-style', id);\n  style.textContent = css;\n  document.head.appendChild(style);\n}\n\nexport function tova_el(tag, props = {}, children = []) {\n  return { __tova: true, tag, props, children };\n}\n\nexport function tova_fragment(children) {\n  return { __tova: true, tag: '__fragment', props: {}, children };\n}\n\n// ─── Transitions ──────────────────────────────────────────\n// CSS transition directives for mount/unmount animations.\n// Usage: tova_transition(vnode, \"fade\", { duration: 300 })\n\nconst TRANSITION_DEFAULTS = {\n  fade: { duration: 200, easing: 'ease' },\n  slide: { duration: 300, easing: 'ease-out', axis: 'y' },\n  scale: { duration: 200, easing: 'ease' },\n  fly: { duration: 300, easing: 'ease-out', x: 0, y: -20 },\n};\n\nfunction getTransitionCSS(name, config, phase) {\n  const opts = { ...TRANSITION_DEFAULTS[name], ...config };\n  const dur = opts.duration + 'ms';\n  const ease = opts.easing;\n\n  switch (name) {\n    case 'fade':\n      if (phase === 'enter-from' || phase === 'leave-to') {\n        return { opacity: '0', transition: `opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };\n      }\n      return { opacity: '1', transition: `opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };\n\n    case 'slide': {\n      const axis = opts.axis || 'y';\n      const prop = axis === 'x' ? 'translateX' : 'translateY';\n      const dist = (opts.distance || 20) + 'px';\n      if (phase === 'enter-from' || phase === 'leave-to') {\n        return { transform: `${prop}(${dist})`, opacity: '0', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };\n      }\n      return { transform: `${prop}(0)`, opacity: '1', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };\n    }\n\n    case 'scale':\n      if (phase === 'enter-from' || phase === 'leave-to') {\n        return { transform: 'scale(0)', opacity: '0', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };\n      }\n      return { transform: 'scale(1)', opacity: '1', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };\n\n    case 'fly': {\n      const x = (opts.x || 0) + 'px';\n      const y = (opts.y || -20) + 'px';\n      if (phase === 'enter-from' || phase === 'leave-to') {\n        return { transform: `translate(${x}, ${y})`, opacity: '0', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };\n      }\n      return { transform: 'translate(0, 0)', opacity: '1', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };\n    }\n\n    default:\n      return {};\n  }\n}\n\nexport function tova_transition(vnode, name, config = {}) {\n  if (!vnode || !vnode.__tova) return vnode;\n  vnode._transition = { name, config };\n  return vnode;\n}\n\n// Apply enter transition to a DOM element after render\nfunction applyEnterTransition(el, trans) {\n  if (!trans) return;\n  const fromStyles = getTransitionCSS(trans.name, trans.config, 'enter-from');\n  const toStyles = getTransitionCSS(trans.name, trans.config, 'enter-to');\n\n  // Set initial state\n  Object.assign(el.style, fromStyles);\n\n  // Force reflow, then apply target state\n  requestAnimationFrame(() => {\n    requestAnimationFrame(() => {\n      Object.assign(el.style, toStyles);\n    });\n  });\n}\n\n// Apply leave transition and return a Promise that resolves when done\nfunction applyLeaveTransition(el, trans) {\n  if (!trans) return Promise.resolve();\n  const duration = (trans.config && trans.config.duration) || TRANSITION_DEFAULTS[trans.name]?.duration || 200;\n  const toStyles = getTransitionCSS(trans.name, trans.config, 'leave-to');\n  Object.assign(el.style, toStyles);\n\n  return new Promise(resolve => {\n    const handler = () => {\n      el.removeEventListener('transitionend', handler);\n      resolve();\n    };\n    el.addEventListener('transitionend', handler);\n    // Fallback timeout in case transitionend doesn't fire\n    setTimeout(resolve, duration + 50);\n  });\n}\n\n// Inject a key prop into a vnode for keyed reconciliation\nexport function tova_keyed(key, vnode) {\n  if (vnode && vnode.__tova) {\n    vnode.props = { ...vnode.props, key };\n  }\n  return vnode;\n}\n\n// Flatten nested arrays and vnodes into a flat list of vnodes\nfunction flattenVNodes(children) {\n  const result = [];\n  for (const child of children) {\n    if (child === null || child === undefined) {\n      continue;\n    } else if (Array.isArray(child)) {\n      result.push(...flattenVNodes(child));\n    } else {\n      result.push(child);\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n// ─── Marker-based DOM helpers ─────────────────────────────\n// Instead of wrapping dynamic blocks/fragments in <span style=\"display:contents\">,\n// we use comment node markers. A marker's __tovaNodes tracks its content nodes.\n// Content nodes have __tovaOwner pointing to their owning marker.\n\n// Recursively dispose ownership roots attached to a DOM subtree\nfunction disposeNode(node) {\n  if (!node) return;\n  if (node.__tovaRoot) {\n    node.__tovaRoot();\n    node.__tovaRoot = null;\n  }\n  // If this is a marker, dispose and remove its content nodes\n  if (node.__tovaNodes) {\n    for (const cn of node.__tovaNodes) {\n      disposeNode(cn);\n      if (cn.parentNode) cn.parentNode.removeChild(cn);\n    }\n    node.__tovaNodes = [];\n  }\n  if (node.childNodes) {\n    for (const child of Array.from(node.childNodes)) {\n      disposeNode(child);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// Check if a node is transitively owned by a marker (walks __tovaOwner chain)\nfunction isOwnedBy(node, marker) {\n  let owner = node.__tovaOwner;\n  while (owner) {\n    if (owner === marker) return true;\n    owner = owner.__tovaOwner;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\n// Get logical children of a parent element (skips marker content nodes)\nfunction getLogicalChildren(parent) {\n  const logical = [];\n  for (let i = 0; i < parent.childNodes.length; i++) {\n    const node = parent.childNodes[i];\n    if (!node.__tovaOwner) {\n      logical.push(node);\n    }\n  }\n  return logical;\n}\n\n// Find the first DOM sibling after all of a marker's content\nfunction nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker) {\n  if (!marker.__tovaNodes || marker.__tovaNodes.length === 0) {\n    return marker.nextSibling;\n  }\n  let last = marker.__tovaNodes[marker.__tovaNodes.length - 1];\n  // If last content is itself a marker, recurse to find physical end\n  while (last && last.__tovaNodes && last.__tovaNodes.length > 0) {\n    last = last.__tovaNodes[last.__tovaNodes.length - 1];\n  }\n  return last ? last.nextSibling : marker.nextSibling;\n}\n\n// Remove a logical node (marker + its content, or a regular node) from the DOM\nfunction removeLogicalNode(parent, node) {\n  disposeNode(node);\n  if (node.parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(node);\n}\n\n// Insert rendered result (could be single node or DocumentFragment) before ref,\n// setting __tovaOwner on top-level inserted nodes. Returns array of inserted nodes.\nfunction insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, owner) {\n  if (rendered.nodeType === 11) {\n    const nodes = Array.from(rendered.childNodes);\n    for (const n of nodes) {\n      if (!n.__tovaOwner) n.__tovaOwner = owner;\n    }\n    parent.insertBefore(rendered, ref);\n    return nodes;\n  }\n  if (!rendered.__tovaOwner) rendered.__tovaOwner = owner;\n  parent.insertBefore(rendered, ref);\n  return [rendered];\n}\n\n// Clear a marker's content from the DOM and reset __tovaNodes\nfunction clearMarkerContent(marker) {\n  for (const node of marker.__tovaNodes) {\n    // If element has a leave transition, animate out before removing\n    if (node.__tovaTransition && node.nodeType === 1) {\n      const el = node;\n      applyLeaveTransition(el, el.__tovaTransition).then(() => {\n        disposeNode(el);\n        if (el.parentNode) el.parentNode.removeChild(el);\n      });\n    } else {\n      disposeNode(node);\n      if (node.parentNode) node.parentNode.removeChild(node);\n    }\n  }\n  marker.__tovaNodes = [];\n}\n\n// ─── Render ───────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n// Create real DOM nodes from a vnode (with fine-grained reactive bindings).\n// Returns a single DOM node for elements/text, or a DocumentFragment for\n// markers (dynamic blocks, fragments) containing [marker, ...content].\nexport function render(vnode) {\n  if (vnode === null || vnode === undefined) {\n    return document.createTextNode('');\n  }\n\n  // Reactive dynamic block (JSXIf, JSXFor, reactive text, etc.)\n  if (typeof vnode === 'function') {\n    const marker = document.createComment('');\n    marker.__tovaDynamic = true;\n    marker.__tovaNodes = [];\n\n    const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n    frag.appendChild(marker);\n\n    createEffect(() => {\n      const val = vnode();\n      const parent = marker.parentNode;\n      const ref = nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker);\n\n      // Array: keyed or positional reconciliation within marker range\n      if (Array.isArray(val)) {\n        const flat = flattenVNodes(val);\n        const hasKeys = flat.some(c => getKey(c) != null);\n        if (hasKeys) {\n          patchKeyedInMarker(marker, flat);\n        } else {\n          patchPositionalInMarker(marker, flat);\n        }\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // Text: optimize single text node update in place\n      if (val == null || typeof val === 'string' || typeof val === 'number' || typeof val === 'boolean') {\n        const text = val == null ? '' : String(val);\n        if (marker.__tovaNodes.length === 1 && marker.__tovaNodes[0].nodeType === 3) {\n          if (marker.__tovaNodes[0].textContent !== text) {\n            marker.__tovaNodes[0].textContent = text;\n          }\n          return;\n        }\n        clearMarkerContent(marker);\n        const textNode = document.createTextNode(text);\n        textNode.__tovaOwner = marker;\n        parent.insertBefore(textNode, ref);\n        marker.__tovaNodes = [textNode];\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // Vnode or other: clear and re-render\n      clearMarkerContent(marker);\n      if (val && val.__tova) {\n        const rendered = render(val);\n        marker.__tovaNodes = insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, marker);\n      } else {\n        const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(val));\n        textNode.__tovaOwner = marker;\n        parent.insertBefore(textNode, ref);\n        marker.__tovaNodes = [textNode];\n      }\n    });\n\n    return frag;\n  }\n\n  if (typeof vnode === 'string' || typeof vnode === 'number' || typeof vnode === 'boolean') {\n    return document.createTextNode(String(vnode));\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(vnode)) {\n    const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();\n    for (const child of vnode) {\n      fragment.appendChild(render(child));\n    }\n    return fragment;\n  }\n\n  if (!vnode.__tova) {\n    return document.createTextNode(String(vnode));\n  }\n\n  // Fragment — marker + children (no wrapper element)\n  if (vnode.tag === '__fragment') {\n    const marker = document.createComment('');\n    marker.__tovaFragment = true;\n    marker.__tovaNodes = [];\n    marker.__vnode = vnode;\n\n    const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n    frag.appendChild(marker);\n\n    for (const child of flattenVNodes(vnode.children)) {\n      const rendered = render(child);\n      const inserted = insertRendered(frag, rendered, null, marker);\n      marker.__tovaNodes.push(...inserted);\n    }\n\n    return frag;\n  }\n\n  // Dynamic reactive node (ErrorBoundary, Dynamic component, etc.)\n  if (vnode.tag === '__dynamic' && typeof vnode.compute === 'function') {\n    const marker = document.createComment('');\n    marker.__tovaDynamic = true;\n    marker.__tovaNodes = [];\n\n    const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n    frag.appendChild(marker);\n\n    let prevDispose = null;\n    const errHandler = vnode._errorHandler || null;\n    createEffect(() => {\n      if (errHandler) pushErrorHandler(errHandler);\n      try {\n        const inner = vnode.compute();\n        const parent = marker.parentNode;\n        const ref = nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker);\n\n        if (prevDispose) {\n          prevDispose();\n          prevDispose = null;\n        }\n        clearMarkerContent(marker);\n\n        createRoot((dispose) => {\n          prevDispose = dispose;\n          const rendered = render(inner);\n          marker.__tovaNodes = insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, marker);\n        });\n      } catch (e) {\n        if (errHandler) {\n          errHandler(e);\n        } else if (currentErrorHandler) {\n          currentErrorHandler(e);\n        } else {\n          console.error('Uncaught error during render:', e);\n        }\n      } finally {\n        if (errHandler) popErrorHandler();\n      }\n    });\n\n    return frag;\n  }\n\n  // Portal — render children into a different DOM target\n  if (vnode.tag === '__portal') {\n    const placeholder = document.createComment('portal');\n    const targetSelector = vnode.props.target;\n    queueMicrotask(() => {\n      const targetEl = typeof targetSelector === 'string'\n        ? document.querySelector(targetSelector)\n        : targetSelector;\n      if (targetEl) {\n        for (const child of flattenVNodes(vnode.children)) {\n          targetEl.appendChild(render(child));\n        }\n      }\n    });\n    return placeholder;\n  }\n\n  // Element\n  const el = document.createElement(vnode.tag);\n  applyReactiveProps(el, vnode.props);\n\n  // Set data-tova-component attribute for DevTools\n  if (vnode._componentName) {\n    el.setAttribute('data-tova-component', vnode._componentName);\n    if (__devtools_hooks && __devtools_hooks.onComponentRender) {\n      __devtools_hooks.onComponentRender(vnode._componentName, el, 0);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Render children\n  for (const child of flattenVNodes(vnode.children)) {\n    el.appendChild(render(child));\n  }\n\n  // Store vnode reference for patching\n  el.__vnode = vnode;\n\n  // Apply enter transition if present\n  if (vnode._transition) {\n    el.__tovaTransition = vnode._transition;\n    applyEnterTransition(el, vnode._transition);\n  }\n\n  return el;\n}\n\n// Apply reactive props — function-valued props get their own effect\nfunction applyReactiveProps(el, props) {\n  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(props)) {\n    if (key === 'ref') {\n      if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && 'current' in value) {\n        value.current = el;\n      } else if (typeof value === 'function') {\n        value(el);\n      }\n    } else if (key.startsWith('on')) {\n      const eventName = key.slice(2).toLowerCase();\n      el.addEventListener(eventName, value);\n      if (!el.__handlers) el.__handlers = {};\n      el.__handlers[eventName] = value;\n    } else if (key === 'key') {\n      // Skip\n    } else if (typeof value === 'function' && !key.startsWith('on')) {\n      // Reactive prop — create effect for fine-grained updates\n      createEffect(() => {\n        const val = value();\n        applyPropValue(el, key, val);\n      });\n    } else {\n      applyPropValue(el, key, value);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nfunction applyPropValue(el, key, val) {\n  if (key === 'className') {\n    if (el.className !== val) el.className = val || '';\n  } else if (key === 'innerHTML' || key === 'dangerouslySetInnerHTML') {\n    const html = typeof val === 'object' && val !== null ? val.__html || '' : val || '';\n    if (el.innerHTML !== html) el.innerHTML = html;\n  } else if (key === 'value') {\n    if (el !== document.activeElement && el.value !== val) {\n      el.value = val;\n    }\n  } else if (key === 'checked') {\n    el.checked = !!val;\n  } else if (key === 'disabled' || key === 'readOnly' || key === 'hidden') {\n    el[key] = !!val;\n  } else if (key === 'style' && typeof val === 'object') {\n    // Clear old properties not present in new style object\n    for (let i = el.style.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n      const prop = el.style[i];\n      const camel = prop.replace(/-([a-z])/g, (_, c) => c.toUpperCase());\n      if (!(prop in val) && !(camel in val)) {\n        el.style.removeProperty(prop);\n      }\n    }\n    Object.assign(el.style, val);\n  } else {\n    const s = val == null ? '' : String(val);\n    if (el.getAttribute(key) !== s) {\n      el.setAttribute(key, s);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// Apply/update props on a DOM element (used by patcher for full-tree mode)\nfunction applyProps(el, newProps, oldProps) {\n  // Remove old props that are no longer present\n  for (const key of Object.keys(oldProps)) {\n    if (!(key in newProps)) {\n      if (key.startsWith('on')) {\n        const eventName = key.slice(2).toLowerCase();\n        if (el.__handlers && el.__handlers[eventName]) {\n          el.removeEventListener(eventName, el.__handlers[eventName]);\n          delete el.__handlers[eventName];\n        }\n      } else if (key === 'className') {\n        el.className = '';\n      } else if (key === 'style') {\n        el.removeAttribute('style');\n      } else {\n        el.removeAttribute(key);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Apply new props\n  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(newProps)) {\n    if (key === 'className') {\n      const val = typeof value === 'function' ? value() : value;\n      if (el.className !== val) el.className = val;\n    } else if (key === 'ref') {\n      if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && 'current' in value) {\n        value.current = el;\n      } else if (typeof value === 'function') {\n        value(el);\n      }\n    } else if (key.startsWith('on')) {\n      const eventName = key.slice(2).toLowerCase();\n      const oldHandler = el.__handlers && el.__handlers[eventName];\n      if (oldHandler !== value) {\n        if (oldHandler) el.removeEventListener(eventName, oldHandler);\n        el.addEventListener(eventName, value);\n        if (!el.__handlers) el.__handlers = {};\n        el.__handlers[eventName] = value;\n      }\n    } else if (key === 'style' && typeof value === 'object') {\n      Object.assign(el.style, value);\n    } else if (key === 'key') {\n      // Skip\n    } else if (key === 'value') {\n      const val = typeof value === 'function' ? value() : value;\n      if (el !== document.activeElement && el.value !== val) {\n        el.value = val;\n      }\n    } else if (key === 'checked') {\n      el.checked = !!value;\n    } else {\n      const val = typeof value === 'function' ? value() : value;\n      if (el.getAttribute(key) !== String(val)) {\n        el.setAttribute(key, val);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// ─── Keyed Reconciliation ────────────────────────────────\n\nfunction getKey(vnode) {\n  if (vnode && vnode.__tova && vnode.props) return vnode.props.key;\n  return undefined;\n}\n\nfunction getNodeKey(node) {\n  if (node && node.__vnode && node.__vnode.props) return node.__vnode.props.key;\n  return undefined;\n}\n\n// Keyed reconciliation within a marker's content range\nfunction patchKeyedInMarker(marker, newVNodes) {\n  const parent = marker.parentNode;\n  const oldNodes = [...marker.__tovaNodes];\n  const oldKeyMap = new Map();\n\n  for (const node of oldNodes) {\n    const key = getNodeKey(node);\n    if (key != null) oldKeyMap.set(key, node);\n  }\n\n  const newNodes = [];\n  const usedOld = new Set();\n\n  for (const newChild of newVNodes) {\n    const key = getKey(newChild);\n\n    if (key != null && oldKeyMap.has(key)) {\n      const oldNode = oldKeyMap.get(key);\n      usedOld.add(oldNode);\n\n      if (oldNode.nodeType === 1 && newChild.__tova &&\n          oldNode.tagName.toLowerCase() === newChild.tag.toLowerCase()) {\n        const oldVNode = oldNode.__vnode || { props: {}, children: [] };\n        applyProps(oldNode, newChild.props, oldVNode.props);\n        patchChildrenOfElement(oldNode, flattenVNodes(newChild.children));\n        oldNode.__vnode = newChild;\n        newNodes.push(oldNode);\n      } else {\n        const node = render(newChild);\n        // render may return Fragment — collect nodes\n        if (node.nodeType === 11) {\n          const nodes = Array.from(node.childNodes);\n          for (const n of nodes) { if (!n.__tovaOwner) n.__tovaOwner = marker; }\n          parent.insertBefore(node, nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker));\n          newNodes.push(...nodes);\n        } else {\n          if (!node.__tovaOwner) node.__tovaOwner = marker;\n          newNodes.push(node);\n        }\n      }\n    } else {\n      const node = render(newChild);\n      if (node.nodeType === 11) {\n        const nodes = Array.from(node.childNodes);\n        for (const n of nodes) { if (!n.__tovaOwner) n.__tovaOwner = marker; }\n        parent.insertBefore(node, nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker));\n        newNodes.push(...nodes);\n      } else {\n        if (!node.__tovaOwner) node.__tovaOwner = marker;\n        newNodes.push(node);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove unused old nodes\n  for (const node of oldNodes) {\n    if (!usedOld.has(node)) {\n      disposeNode(node);\n      if (node.parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(node);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Arrange in correct order after marker using cursor approach\n  let cursor = marker.nextSibling;\n  for (const node of newNodes) {\n    if (node === cursor) {\n      cursor = node.nextSibling;\n    } else {\n      parent.insertBefore(node, cursor);\n    }\n  }\n\n  marker.__tovaNodes = newNodes;\n}\n\n// Positional reconciliation within a marker's content range\nfunction patchPositionalInMarker(marker, newChildren) {\n  const parent = marker.parentNode;\n  const oldNodes = [...marker.__tovaNodes];\n  const oldCount = oldNodes.length;\n  const newCount = newChildren.length;\n\n  // Patch in place\n  const patchCount = Math.min(oldCount, newCount);\n  for (let i = 0; i < patchCount; i++) {\n    patchSingle(parent, oldNodes[i], newChildren[i]);\n  }\n\n  // Append new children\n  const ref = nextSiblingAfterMarker(marker);\n  for (let i = oldCount; i < newCount; i++) {\n    const rendered = render(newChildren[i]);\n    const inserted = insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, marker);\n    oldNodes.push(...inserted);\n  }\n\n  // Remove excess children\n  for (let i = newCount; i < oldCount; i++) {\n    disposeNode(oldNodes[i]);\n    if (oldNodes[i].parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(oldNodes[i]);\n  }\n\n  marker.__tovaNodes = oldNodes.slice(0, newCount);\n}\n\n// Keyed reconciliation for children of an element (not marker-based)\nfunction patchKeyedChildren(parent, newVNodes) {\n  const logical = getLogicalChildren(parent);\n  const oldKeyMap = new Map();\n\n  for (const node of logical) {\n    const key = getNodeKey(node);\n    if (key != null) oldKeyMap.set(key, node);\n  }\n\n  const newNodes = [];\n  const usedOld = new Set();\n\n  for (const newChild of newVNodes) {\n    const key = getKey(newChild);\n\n    if (key != null && oldKeyMap.has(key)) {\n      const oldNode = oldKeyMap.get(key);\n      usedOld.add(oldNode);\n\n      if (oldNode.nodeType === 1 && newChild.__tova &&\n          oldNode.tagName.toLowerCase() === newChild.tag.toLowerCase()) {\n        const oldVNode = oldNode.__vnode || { props: {}, children: [] };\n        applyProps(oldNode, newChild.props, oldVNode.props);\n        patchChildrenOfElement(oldNode, flattenVNodes(newChild.children));\n        oldNode.__vnode = newChild;\n        newNodes.push(oldNode);\n      } else {\n        newNodes.push(render(newChild));\n      }\n    } else {\n      newNodes.push(render(newChild));\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove unused old logical nodes\n  for (const node of logical) {\n    if (!usedOld.has(node) && node.parentNode === parent) {\n      removeLogicalNode(parent, node);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Arrange in correct order\n  for (let i = 0; i < newNodes.length; i++) {\n    const expected = newNodes[i];\n    const logicalNow = getLogicalChildren(parent);\n    const current = logicalNow[i];\n    if (current !== expected) {\n      parent.insertBefore(expected, current || null);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// Positional reconciliation for children of an element\nfunction patchPositionalChildren(parent, newChildren) {\n  const logical = getLogicalChildren(parent);\n  const oldCount = logical.length;\n  const newCount = newChildren.length;\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < Math.min(oldCount, newCount); i++) {\n    patchSingle(parent, logical[i], newChildren[i]);\n  }\n\n  for (let i = oldCount; i < newCount; i++) {\n    parent.appendChild(render(newChildren[i]));\n  }\n\n  // Remove excess logical children\n  const currentLogical = getLogicalChildren(parent);\n  while (currentLogical.length > newCount) {\n    const node = currentLogical.pop();\n    removeLogicalNode(parent, node);\n  }\n}\n\n// Patch children of a regular element\nfunction patchChildrenOfElement(el, newChildren) {\n  const hasKeys = newChildren.some(c => getKey(c) != null);\n  if (hasKeys) {\n    patchKeyedChildren(el, newChildren);\n  } else {\n    patchPositionalChildren(el, newChildren);\n  }\n}\n\n// Patch a single logical node in place\nfunction patchSingle(parent, existing, newVNode) {\n  if (!existing) {\n    parent.appendChild(render(newVNode));\n    return;\n  }\n\n  if (newVNode === null || newVNode === undefined) {\n    removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Function vnode — replace with new dynamic block\n  if (typeof newVNode === 'function') {\n    const rendered = render(newVNode);\n    if (existing.__tovaNodes) {\n      // Existing is a marker — clear its content and replace\n      clearMarkerContent(existing);\n      parent.replaceChild(rendered, existing);\n    } else {\n      disposeNode(existing);\n      parent.replaceChild(rendered, existing);\n    }\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Text\n  if (typeof newVNode === 'string' || typeof newVNode === 'number' || typeof newVNode === 'boolean') {\n    const text = String(newVNode);\n    if (existing.nodeType === 3) {\n      if (existing.textContent !== text) existing.textContent = text;\n    } else {\n      removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n      parent.insertBefore(document.createTextNode(text), null);\n    }\n    return;\n  }\n\n  if (!newVNode.__tova) {\n    const text = String(newVNode);\n    if (existing.nodeType === 3) {\n      if (existing.textContent !== text) existing.textContent = text;\n    } else {\n      removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n      parent.insertBefore(document.createTextNode(text), null);\n    }\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Fragment — patch marker content\n  if (newVNode.tag === '__fragment') {\n    if (existing.__tovaFragment) {\n      // Patch children within the marker range\n      const oldNodes = [...existing.__tovaNodes];\n      const newChildren = flattenVNodes(newVNode.children);\n      // Simple approach: clear and re-render fragment content\n      clearMarkerContent(existing);\n      const ref = nextSiblingAfterMarker(existing);\n      for (const child of newChildren) {\n        const rendered = render(child);\n        const inserted = insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, existing);\n        existing.__tovaNodes.push(...inserted);\n      }\n      existing.__vnode = newVNode;\n      return;\n    }\n    removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n    parent.appendChild(render(newVNode));\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Element — patch in place\n  if (existing.nodeType === 1 && newVNode.tag &&\n      existing.tagName.toLowerCase() === newVNode.tag.toLowerCase()) {\n    const oldVNode = existing.__vnode || { props: {}, children: [] };\n    applyProps(existing, newVNode.props, oldVNode.props);\n    patchChildrenOfElement(existing, flattenVNodes(newVNode.children));\n    existing.__vnode = newVNode;\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Different type — full replace\n  removeLogicalNode(parent, existing);\n  parent.appendChild(render(newVNode));\n}\n\n// ─── Hydration (SSR) ─────────────────────────────────────\n// SSR renders flat HTML without markers. Hydration attaches reactivity\n// to existing DOM nodes and inserts markers for dynamic blocks.\n\n// Dev-mode hydration mismatch detection\nfunction checkHydrationMismatch(domNode, vnode) {\n  if (!__DEV__) return;\n  if (!domNode || !vnode || !vnode.__tova) return;\n\n  const props = vnode.props || {};\n\n  // Check className\n  if (props.className !== undefined) {\n    const expected = typeof props.className === 'function' ? props.className() : props.className;\n    const actual = domNode.className || '';\n    if (expected && actual !== expected) {\n      console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: <${vnode.tag}> class expected \"${expected}\" but got \"${actual}\"`);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Check attributes\n  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(props)) {\n    if (key === 'key' || key === 'ref' || key === 'className' || key.startsWith('on')) continue;\n    if (typeof value === 'function') continue; // reactive props — skip static check\n\n    if (domNode.getAttribute) {\n      const attrName = key === 'className' ? 'class' : key;\n      const actual = domNode.getAttribute(attrName);\n      const expected = String(value);\n      if (actual !== null && actual !== expected) {\n        console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: <${vnode.tag}> attribute \"${key}\" expected \"${expected}\" but got \"${actual}\"`);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// Check if a DOM node is an SSR marker comment (<!--tova-s:ID-->)\nfunction isSSRMarker(node) {\n  return node && node.nodeType === 8 && typeof node.data === 'string' && node.data.startsWith('tova-s:');\n}\n\n// Find the closing SSR marker and collect content nodes between them\nfunction collectSSRMarkerContent(startMarker) {\n  const id = startMarker.data.replace('tova-s:', '');\n  const closingText = `/tova-s:${id}`;\n  const content = [];\n  let cursor = startMarker.nextSibling;\n  while (cursor) {\n    if (cursor.nodeType === 8 && cursor.data === closingText) {\n      return { content, endMarker: cursor };\n    }\n    content.push(cursor);\n    cursor = cursor.nextSibling;\n  }\n  return { content, endMarker: null };\n}\n\nfunction hydrateVNode(domNode, vnode) {\n  if (!domNode) return null;\n  if (vnode === null || vnode === undefined) return domNode;\n\n  // Function vnode (reactive text, JSXIf, JSXFor)\n  if (typeof vnode === 'function') {\n    if (domNode.nodeType === 3) {\n      // Dev-mode: warn if text content differs\n      if (__DEV__) {\n        const val = vnode();\n        const expected = val == null ? '' : String(val);\n        if (domNode.textContent !== expected) {\n          console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: text expected \"${expected}\" but got \"${domNode.textContent}\"`);\n        }\n      }\n      // Reactive text: attach effect to existing text node\n      domNode.__tovaReactive = true;\n      createEffect(() => {\n        const val = vnode();\n        const text = val == null ? '' : String(val);\n        if (domNode.textContent !== text) domNode.textContent = text;\n      });\n      return domNode.nextSibling;\n    }\n    // Complex dynamic block: insert marker-based render, replace SSR node\n    const parent = domNode.parentNode;\n    const next = domNode.nextSibling;\n    const rendered = render(vnode);\n    parent.replaceChild(rendered, domNode);\n    return next;\n  }\n\n  // Primitive text — already correct from SSR\n  if (typeof vnode === 'string' || typeof vnode === 'number' || typeof vnode === 'boolean') {\n    if (__DEV__ && domNode.nodeType === 3) {\n      const expected = String(vnode);\n      if (domNode.textContent !== expected) {\n        console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: text expected \"${expected}\" but got \"${domNode.textContent}\"`);\n      }\n    }\n    return domNode.nextSibling;\n  }\n\n  // Array\n  if (Array.isArray(vnode)) {\n    let cursor = domNode;\n    for (const child of flattenVNodes(vnode)) {\n      if (!cursor) break;\n      cursor = hydrateVNode(cursor, child);\n    }\n    return cursor;\n  }\n\n  if (!vnode.__tova) return domNode.nextSibling;\n\n  // Fragment — children rendered inline in SSR (no wrapper)\n  if (vnode.tag === '__fragment') {\n    const children = flattenVNodes(vnode.children);\n    let cursor = domNode;\n    for (const child of children) {\n      if (!cursor) break;\n      cursor = hydrateVNode(cursor, child);\n    }\n    return cursor;\n  }\n\n  // Dynamic node — SSR marker-aware hydration\n  if (vnode.tag === '__dynamic' && typeof vnode.compute === 'function') {\n    // Check if current domNode is an SSR marker (<!--tova-s:ID-->)\n    if (isSSRMarker(domNode)) {\n      const { content, endMarker } = collectSSRMarkerContent(domNode);\n      const parent = domNode.parentNode;\n\n      // Remove SSR markers and content, replace with reactive marker\n      const afterEnd = endMarker ? endMarker.nextSibling : null;\n      for (const node of content) {\n        if (node.parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(node);\n      }\n      if (endMarker && endMarker.parentNode === parent) parent.removeChild(endMarker);\n\n      const rendered = render(vnode);\n      parent.replaceChild(rendered, domNode);\n      return afterEnd;\n    }\n\n    // No SSR marker — fall back to standard behavior\n    const parent = domNode.parentNode;\n    const next = domNode.nextSibling;\n    const rendered = render(vnode);\n    parent.replaceChild(rendered, domNode);\n    return next;\n  }\n\n  // Element — attach event handlers, reactive props, refs\n  if (domNode.nodeType === 1 && domNode.tagName.toLowerCase() === vnode.tag.toLowerCase()) {\n    if (__DEV__) checkHydrationMismatch(domNode, vnode);\n    hydrateProps(domNode, vnode.props);\n    domNode.__vnode = vnode;\n\n    const children = flattenVNodes(vnode.children || []);\n    let cursor = domNode.firstChild;\n    for (const child of children) {\n      if (!cursor) break;\n      cursor = hydrateVNode(cursor, child);\n    }\n    return domNode.nextSibling;\n  }\n\n  // Tag mismatch — fall back to full render\n  if (__DEV__) {\n    const expectedTag = vnode.tag || '(unknown)';\n    const actualTag = domNode.tagName ? domNode.tagName.toLowerCase() : `nodeType:${domNode.nodeType}`;\n    console.warn(`Tova hydration mismatch: expected <${expectedTag}> but got <${actualTag}>, falling back to full render`);\n  }\n  const parent = domNode.parentNode;\n  const next = domNode.nextSibling;\n  const rendered = render(vnode);\n  parent.replaceChild(rendered, domNode);\n  return next;\n}\n\nfunction hydrateProps(el, props) {\n  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(props)) {\n    if (key === 'ref') {\n      if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && 'current' in value) {\n        value.current = el;\n      } else if (typeof value === 'function') {\n        value(el);\n      }\n    } else if (key.startsWith('on')) {\n      const eventName = key.slice(2).toLowerCase();\n      el.addEventListener(eventName, value);\n      if (!el.__handlers) el.__handlers = {};\n      el.__handlers[eventName] = value;\n    } else if (key === 'key') {\n      // Skip\n    } else if (typeof value === 'function' && !key.startsWith('on')) {\n      createEffect(() => {\n        const val = value();\n        applyPropValue(el, key, val);\n      });\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nexport function hydrate(component, container) {\n  if (!container) {\n    console.error('Tova: Hydration target not found');\n    return;\n  }\n\n  const startTime = typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() : 0;\n\n  const result = createRoot(() => {\n    const vnode = typeof component === 'function' ? component() : component;\n    if (container.firstChild) {\n      hydrateVNode(container.firstChild, vnode);\n    }\n  });\n\n  // Dispatch hydration completion event\n  const duration = typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() - startTime : 0;\n  if (typeof CustomEvent !== 'undefined' && typeof container.dispatchEvent === 'function') {\n    container.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('tova:hydrated', { detail: { duration }, bubbles: true }));\n  }\n\n  if (__devtools_hooks && __devtools_hooks.onHydrate) {\n    __devtools_hooks.onHydrate({ duration });\n  }\n\n  return result;\n}\n\nexport function mount(component, container) {\n  if (!container) {\n    console.error('Tova: Mount target not found');\n    return;\n  }\n\n  const result = createRoot((dispose) => {\n    const vnode = typeof component === 'function' ? component() : component;\n    container.innerHTML = '';\n    container.appendChild(render(vnode));\n    return dispose;\n  });\n\n  if (__devtools_hooks && __devtools_hooks.onMount) {\n    __devtools_hooks.onMount();\n  }\n\n  return result;\n}\n\n// ─── Progressive Hydration ──────────────────────────────────\n// Hydrate a component only when it becomes visible in the viewport.\n\nexport function hydrateWhenVisible(component, domNode, options = {}) {\n  if (typeof IntersectionObserver === 'undefined') {\n    // Fallback: hydrate immediately\n    return hydrate(component, domNode);\n  }\n\n  const { rootMargin = '200px' } = options;\n  let hydrated = false;\n\n  const observer = new IntersectionObserver(\n    (entries) => {\n      for (const entry of entries) {\n        if (entry.isIntersecting && !hydrated) {\n          hydrated = true;\n          observer.disconnect();\n          hydrate(component, domNode);\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    { rootMargin },\n  );\n\n  observer.observe(domNode);\n\n  return () => {\n    observer.disconnect();\n  };\n}\n";
 
 export const RPC_SOURCE = "// RPC bridge — client calls to server functions are auto-routed via HTTP\n\nconst RPC_BASE = typeof window !== 'undefined'\n  ? (window.__TOVA_RPC_BASE || '')\n  : 'http://localhost:3000';\n\nexport async function rpc(functionName, args = []) {\n  const url = `${RPC_BASE}/rpc/${functionName}`;\n\n  // Convert positional args to object if needed\n  let body;\n  if (args.length === 1 && typeof args[0] === 'object' && !Array.isArray(args[0])) {\n    body = args[0];\n  } else if (args.length > 0) {\n    // Send as array, server will handle positional mapping\n    body = { __args: args };\n  } else {\n    body = {};\n  }\n\n  try {\n    const response = await fetch(url, {\n      method: 'POST',\n      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },\n      body: JSON.stringify(body),\n    });\n\n    if (!response.ok) {\n      const errorText = await response.text();\n      throw new Error(`RPC call to '${functionName}' failed: ${response.status} ${errorText}`);\n    }\n\n    const data = await response.json();\n    return data.result;\n  } catch (error) {\n    if (error.message.includes('RPC call')) throw error;\n    throw new Error(`RPC call to '${functionName}' failed: ${error.message}`);\n  }\n}\n\n// Configure RPC base URL\nexport function configureRPC(baseUrl) {\n  if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {\n    window.__TOVA_RPC_BASE = baseUrl;\n  }\n}\n";
 

package/src/runtime/reactivity.js

@@ -447,20 +447,36 @@ export function createErrorBoundary(options = {}) {
   return { error, run, reset };
 }
 
-export function ErrorBoundary({ fallback, children, onError, onReset, retry = 0 }) {
+let __errorBoundaryIdCounter = 0;
+
+export function ErrorBoundary({ fallback, children, onError, onReset, onErrorCleared, retry = 0 }) {
   const [error, setError] = createSignal(null);
   const [retryCount, setRetryCount] = createSignal(0);
+  const boundaryId = ++__errorBoundaryIdCounter;
+  let lastErrorId = 0;
 
   function handleError(e) {
     const stack = buildComponentStack();
-    if (e && typeof e === 'object') e.__tovaComponentStack = stack;
+    const errorId = `EB${boundaryId}-${++lastErrorId}`;
+
+    if (e && typeof e === 'object') {
+      e.__tovaComponentStack = stack;
+      e.__tovaErrorId = errorId;
+    }
+
     if (retryCount() < retry) {
       setRetryCount(c => c + 1);
       setError(null); // clear to re-trigger render
       return;
     }
     setError(e);
-    if (onError) onError({ error: e, componentStack: stack });
+    if (onError) onError({ error: e, componentStack: stack, errorId, retryCount: retryCount() });
+  }
+
+  function resetBoundary() {
+    setRetryCount(0);
+    setError(null);
+    if (onReset) onReset();
   }
 
   // Return a reactive wrapper that switches between children and fallback
@@ -479,14 +495,14 @@ export function ErrorBoundary({ fallback, children, onError, onReset, retry = 0
       if (err) {
         // Render fallback — if fallback itself throws, propagate to parent boundary
         try {
+          const errorId = err && typeof err === 'object' ? err.__tovaErrorId : null;
           return typeof fallback === 'function'
             ? fallback({
                 error: err,
-                reset: () => {
-                  setRetryCount(0);
-                  setError(null);
-                  if (onReset) onReset();
-                },
+                errorId,
+                retryCount: retryCount(),
+                componentStack: err && typeof err === 'object' ? err.__tovaComponentStack : [],
+                reset: resetBoundary,
               })
             : fallback;
         } catch (fallbackError) {
@@ -497,6 +513,10 @@ export function ErrorBoundary({ fallback, children, onError, onReset, retry = 0
           return null;
         }
       }
+      // Children rendered successfully — fire onErrorCleared if we recovered from an error
+      if (onErrorCleared && lastErrorId > 0 && retryCount() === 0) {
+        queueMicrotask(() => onErrorCleared());
+      }
       return childContent;
     },
   };
@@ -504,6 +524,58 @@ export function ErrorBoundary({ fallback, children, onError, onReset, retry = 0
   return vnode;
 }
 
+// Built-in ErrorInfo component — renders a formatted error display
+// Usage: <ErrorBoundary fallback={fn(props) ErrorInfo(props)} />
+export function ErrorInfo({ error, errorId, componentStack, reset, retryCount }) {
+  const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+  const stackTrace = error instanceof Error && error.stack ? error.stack : '';
+  const compStack = (componentStack || []).join(' > ');
+
+  const children = [
+    tova_el('h3', { style: { margin: '0 0 8px 0', color: '#e53e3e' } }, ['Something went wrong']),
+    tova_el('p', { style: { margin: '4px 0', fontFamily: 'monospace', fontSize: '14px' } }, [message]),
+  ];
+
+  if (compStack) {
+    children.push(
+      tova_el('p', { style: { margin: '4px 0', fontSize: '12px', color: '#718096' } }, [
+        'Component: ', compStack
+      ])
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (errorId) {
+    children.push(
+      tova_el('p', { style: { margin: '4px 0', fontSize: '11px', color: '#a0aec0' } }, [
+        'Error ID: ', errorId
+      ])
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (stackTrace) {
+    children.push(
+      tova_el('details', { style: { marginTop: '8px', fontSize: '12px' } }, [
+        tova_el('summary', { style: { cursor: 'pointer', color: '#4a5568' } }, ['Stack trace']),
+        tova_el('pre', { style: { margin: '4px 0', padding: '8px', background: '#1a202c', color: '#e2e8f0', borderRadius: '4px', overflow: 'auto', fontSize: '11px', maxHeight: '200px' } }, [stackTrace]),
+      ])
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (reset) {
+    children.push(
+      tova_el('button', {
+        style: { marginTop: '8px', padding: '6px 16px', background: '#3182ce', color: 'white', border: 'none', borderRadius: '4px', cursor: 'pointer', fontSize: '13px' },
+        onClick: reset,
+      }, [retryCount > 0 ? 'Retry again' : 'Try again'])
+    );
+  }
+
+  return tova_el('div', {
+    style: { padding: '16px', border: '1px solid #fed7d7', borderRadius: '8px', background: '#fff5f5', color: '#2d3748', fontFamily: 'system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif' },
+    role: 'alert',
+  }, children);
+}
+
 // ─── Dynamic Component ──────────────────────────────────
 // Renders a component dynamically based on a reactive signal.
 // Usage: Dynamic({ component: mySignal, ...props })
@@ -629,6 +701,100 @@ export function tova_fragment(children) {
   return { __tova: true, tag: '__fragment', props: {}, children };
 }
 
+// ─── Transitions ──────────────────────────────────────────
+// CSS transition directives for mount/unmount animations.
+// Usage: tova_transition(vnode, "fade", { duration: 300 })
+
+const TRANSITION_DEFAULTS = {
+  fade: { duration: 200, easing: 'ease' },
+  slide: { duration: 300, easing: 'ease-out', axis: 'y' },
+  scale: { duration: 200, easing: 'ease' },
+  fly: { duration: 300, easing: 'ease-out', x: 0, y: -20 },
+};
+
+function getTransitionCSS(name, config, phase) {
+  const opts = { ...TRANSITION_DEFAULTS[name], ...config };
+  const dur = opts.duration + 'ms';
+  const ease = opts.easing;
+
+  switch (name) {
+    case 'fade':
+      if (phase === 'enter-from' || phase === 'leave-to') {
+        return { opacity: '0', transition: `opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };
+      }
+      return { opacity: '1', transition: `opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };
+
+    case 'slide': {
+      const axis = opts.axis || 'y';
+      const prop = axis === 'x' ? 'translateX' : 'translateY';
+      const dist = (opts.distance || 20) + 'px';
+      if (phase === 'enter-from' || phase === 'leave-to') {
+        return { transform: `${prop}(${dist})`, opacity: '0', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };
+      }
+      return { transform: `${prop}(0)`, opacity: '1', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };
+    }
+
+    case 'scale':
+      if (phase === 'enter-from' || phase === 'leave-to') {
+        return { transform: 'scale(0)', opacity: '0', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };
+      }
+      return { transform: 'scale(1)', opacity: '1', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };
+
+    case 'fly': {
+      const x = (opts.x || 0) + 'px';
+      const y = (opts.y || -20) + 'px';
+      if (phase === 'enter-from' || phase === 'leave-to') {
+        return { transform: `translate(${x}, ${y})`, opacity: '0', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };
+      }
+      return { transform: 'translate(0, 0)', opacity: '1', transition: `transform ${dur} ${ease}, opacity ${dur} ${ease}` };
+    }
+
+    default:
+      return {};
+  }
+}
+
+export function tova_transition(vnode, name, config = {}) {
+  if (!vnode || !vnode.__tova) return vnode;
+  vnode._transition = { name, config };
+  return vnode;
+}
+
+// Apply enter transition to a DOM element after render
+function applyEnterTransition(el, trans) {
+  if (!trans) return;
+  const fromStyles = getTransitionCSS(trans.name, trans.config, 'enter-from');
+  const toStyles = getTransitionCSS(trans.name, trans.config, 'enter-to');
+
+  // Set initial state
+  Object.assign(el.style, fromStyles);
+
+  // Force reflow, then apply target state
+  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      Object.assign(el.style, toStyles);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+// Apply leave transition and return a Promise that resolves when done
+function applyLeaveTransition(el, trans) {
+  if (!trans) return Promise.resolve();
+  const duration = (trans.config && trans.config.duration) || TRANSITION_DEFAULTS[trans.name]?.duration || 200;
+  const toStyles = getTransitionCSS(trans.name, trans.config, 'leave-to');
+  Object.assign(el.style, toStyles);
+
+  return new Promise(resolve => {
+    const handler = () => {
+      el.removeEventListener('transitionend', handler);
+      resolve();
+    };
+    el.addEventListener('transitionend', handler);
+    // Fallback timeout in case transitionend doesn't fire
+    setTimeout(resolve, duration + 50);
+  });
+}
+
 // Inject a key prop into a vnode for keyed reconciliation
 export function tova_keyed(key, vnode) {
   if (vnode && vnode.__tova) {
@@ -739,8 +905,17 @@ function insertRendered(parent, rendered, ref, owner) {
 // Clear a marker's content from the DOM and reset __tovaNodes
 function clearMarkerContent(marker) {
   for (const node of marker.__tovaNodes) {
-    disposeNode(node);
-    if (node.parentNode) node.parentNode.removeChild(node);
+    // If element has a leave transition, animate out before removing
+    if (node.__tovaTransition && node.nodeType === 1) {
+      const el = node;
+      applyLeaveTransition(el, el.__tovaTransition).then(() => {
+        disposeNode(el);
+        if (el.parentNode) el.parentNode.removeChild(el);
+      });
+    } else {
+      disposeNode(node);
+      if (node.parentNode) node.parentNode.removeChild(node);
+    }
   }
   marker.__tovaNodes = [];
 }
@@ -931,6 +1106,12 @@ export function render(vnode) {
   // Store vnode reference for patching
   el.__vnode = vnode;
 
+  // Apply enter transition if present
+  if (vnode._transition) {
+    el.__tovaTransition = vnode._transition;
+    applyEnterTransition(el, vnode._transition);
+  }
+
   return el;
 }
 

package/src/stdlib/advanced-collections.js

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Advanced collection data structures for Tova
+// These are the real JS implementations used for testing and reference.
+
+export class OrderedDict {
+  constructor(entries) {
+    this._map = new Map(entries || []);
+  }
+  get(key) { return this._map.has(key) ? this._map.get(key) : null; }
+  set(key, value) { const m = new Map(this._map); m.set(key, value); return new OrderedDict([...m]); }
+  delete(key) { const m = new Map(this._map); m.delete(key); return new OrderedDict([...m]); }
+  has(key) { return this._map.has(key); }
+  keys() { return [...this._map.keys()]; }
+  values() { return [...this._map.values()]; }
+  entries() { return [...this._map.entries()]; }
+  get length() { return this._map.size; }
+  [Symbol.iterator]() { return this._map[Symbol.iterator](); }
+  toString() { return 'OrderedDict(' + this._map.size + ' entries)'; }
+}
+
+export class DefaultDict {
+  constructor(defaultFn) {
+    this._map = new Map();
+    this._default = defaultFn;
+  }
+  get(key) {
+    if (!this._map.has(key)) {
+      this._map.set(key, this._default());
+    }
+    return this._map.get(key);
+  }
+  set(key, value) { this._map.set(key, value); return this; }
+  has(key) { return this._map.has(key); }
+  delete(key) { this._map.delete(key); return this; }
+  keys() { return [...this._map.keys()]; }
+  values() { return [...this._map.values()]; }
+  entries() { return [...this._map.entries()]; }
+  get length() { return this._map.size; }
+  [Symbol.iterator]() { return this._map[Symbol.iterator](); }
+  toString() { return 'DefaultDict(' + this._map.size + ' entries)'; }
+}
+
+export class Counter {
+  constructor(items) {
+    this._counts = new Map();
+    if (items) {
+      for (const item of items) {
+        const k = item;
+        this._counts.set(k, (this._counts.get(k) || 0) + 1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  count(item) { return this._counts.get(item) || 0; }
+  total() { let s = 0; for (const v of this._counts.values()) s += v; return s; }
+  most_common(n) {
+    const sorted = [...this._counts.entries()].sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);
+    return n !== undefined ? sorted.slice(0, n) : sorted;
+  }
+  keys() { return [...this._counts.keys()]; }
+  values() { return [...this._counts.values()]; }
+  entries() { return [...this._counts.entries()]; }
+  has(item) { return this._counts.has(item); }
+  get length() { return this._counts.size; }
+  [Symbol.iterator]() { return this._counts[Symbol.iterator](); }
+  toString() { return 'Counter(' + this._counts.size + ' items)'; }
+}
+
+export class Deque {
+  constructor(items) {
+    this._items = items ? [...items] : [];
+  }
+  push_back(val) { return new Deque([...this._items, val]); }
+  push_front(val) { return new Deque([val, ...this._items]); }
+  pop_back() { if (this._items.length === 0) return [null, this]; const items = this._items.slice(0, -1); return [this._items[this._items.length - 1], new Deque(items)]; }
+  pop_front() { if (this._items.length === 0) return [null, this]; return [this._items[0], new Deque(this._items.slice(1))]; }
+  peek_front() { return this._items.length > 0 ? this._items[0] : null; }
+  peek_back() { return this._items.length > 0 ? this._items[this._items.length - 1] : null; }
+  get length() { return this._items.length; }
+  toArray() { return [...this._items]; }
+  [Symbol.iterator]() { return this._items[Symbol.iterator](); }
+  toString() { return 'Deque(' + this._items.length + ' items)'; }
+}