toolcraft 0.0.749 → 0.0.751

package/node_modules/@poe-code/safe-fs/dist/fs/real/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1259 @@
+import { platform } from "#safe-fs-platform";
+import { snapshotStagingCreation } from "../staging-cleanup.js";
+import { snapshotConditionalChmod } from "../conditional-chmod.js";
+import { runStagingGuard, snapshotDirectoryAncestry } from "../staging-ancestry.js";
+import { constants } from "node:fs";
+import * as immediate from "node:fs";
+import * as native from "node:fs/promises";
+import { dirname, basename, isAbsolute, join, relative, resolve, sep } from "node:path";
+import { nativeAllocatedBytes } from "./allocation.js";
+import { openFileDescriptor } from "../descriptor.js";
+import { compareIdentity } from "../mount/identity.js";
+import { finishCleanup } from "../../contracts/cleanup.js";
+import { callNativeSeekEnd, loadNativeSeekBinding } from "../../node/native-seek.js";
+import { admitDirectoryEntries, directoryEntryLimit } from "../directory-admission.js";
+import { FsError, collectBytes, isErrnoCode, toByteSource, toFsError, validatePath, } from "../../contracts/index.js";
+function fileType(stats) {
+    if (stats.isFile())
+        return "file";
+    if (stats.isDirectory())
+        return "directory";
+    if (stats.isSymbolicLink())
+        return "symlink";
+    throw new FsError("ENOTSUP", { message: "special filesystem nodes are not supported" });
+}
+function fileStat(stats) {
+    const allocatedBytes = nativeAllocatedBytes(typeof stats.size === "bigint" && typeof stats.blocks === "bigint" ? Number(stats.blocks) : stats.blocks, process.platform);
+    const blockSize = typeof stats.size === "bigint" && typeof stats.blksize === "bigint" ? Number(stats.blksize) : stats.blksize;
+    const dev = Number(stats.dev), ino = Number(stats.ino);
+    const snapshot = {
+        type: fileType(stats), size: Number(stats.size), mode: Number(stats.mode),
+        ...(allocatedBytes === undefined ? {} : { allocatedBytes }),
+        ...(typeof blockSize === "number" && Number.isSafeInteger(blockSize) && blockSize > 0 ? { ioBlockSize: blockSize, preferredIoBlockSize: blockSize } : {}),
+        atimeMs: "atimeNs" in stats ? Number(stats.atimeNs / 1000000n) + Number(stats.atimeNs % 1000000n) / 1e6 : stats.atimeMs,
+        mtimeMs: "mtimeNs" in stats ? Number(stats.mtimeNs / 1000000n) + Number(stats.mtimeNs % 1000000n) / 1e6 : stats.mtimeMs,
+        ctimeMs: "ctimeNs" in stats ? Number(stats.ctimeNs / 1000000n) + Number(stats.ctimeNs % 1000000n) / 1e6 : stats.ctimeMs,
+        birthtimeMs: "birthtimeNs" in stats ? Number(stats.birthtimeNs / 1000000n) + Number(stats.birthtimeNs % 1000000n) / 1e6 : stats.birthtimeMs, ino, dev,
+        ...(Number.isSafeInteger(dev) && dev >= 0 && Number.isSafeInteger(ino) && ino > 0
+            ? { identityScope: Symbol.for("virtual-bash.fs.native") } : {}),
+        nlink: Number(stats.nlink), uid: Number(stats.uid), gid: Number(stats.gid),
+    };
+    if (snapshot.identityScope !== undefined && "ctimeNs" in stats && (stats.ctimeNs !== 0n || stats.mtimeNs !== 0n) && !stats.isDirectory())
+        Object.defineProperty(snapshot, "opaqueVersion", { value: `${stats.ctimeNs}:${stats.mtimeNs}`, enumerable: true });
+    return snapshot;
+}
+function integer(value, minimum = 0) {
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(value) || value < minimum) {
+        throw new FsError("EINVAL", { message: "expected a nonnegative safe integer" });
+    }
+}
+function nativeError(error) {
+    if (typeof error === "object" && error !== null && "code" in error
+        && (error.code === "ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE" || error.code === "ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE" || error.code === "ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE")) {
+        return new FsError("EINVAL", { cause: error });
+    }
+    if (typeof error === "object" && error !== null && "info" in error) {
+        const info = error.info;
+        if (typeof info === "object" && info !== null && "code" in info && isErrnoCode(info.code)) {
+            return new FsError(info.code, { cause: error });
+        }
+    }
+    return toFsError(error);
+}
+/**
+ * Async byte filesystem for trusted POSIX hosts (Windows is unsupported).
+ * Both relative and absolute input paths are virtual POSIX paths rooted at `/`;
+ * components resolve in order, following symlinks before subsequent `..` and
+ * preserving trailing directory requirements. Empty paths are ENOENT. Excess
+ * input `..` clamps at the virtual root; symlink targets may never cross it.
+ * There is no process cwd dependency. The configured host root must already
+ * exist; its canonical location is pinned on first use or by the async factory.
+ *
+ * Absolute symlink targets created here are virtual paths, stored as rooted
+ * host targets without lexical normalization. Relative targets retain their
+ * text; safe dangling, non-directory, and looping targets may be created.
+ * Existing host symlinks are
+ * followed only when every traversed component remains beneath the root, with
+ * a 40-link traversal limit. Existing absolute host targets must start with the
+ * canonical root, not a different host alias of that root. lstat, removal, and
+ * rename inspect or modify a final symlink itself rather than its target. Absolute readlink results are
+ * translated back into virtual paths; external absolute targets are refused.
+ *
+ * SECURITY LIMIT: containment checks and subsequent Node path operations are
+ * not atomic. O_NOFOLLOW narrows final-file open races, but ancestor swaps,
+ * concurrent renames, mount changes, and preexisting hardlinks cannot be made
+ * safe by these APIs. This is NOT a race-proof sandbox or an isolation boundary
+ * against another process modifying the tree. Use an OS sandbox for that.
+ * Conditional chmod and synchronous ancestry validation use the same trusted,
+ * externally isolated tree boundary as owned staging. Their final checks and
+ * metadata commit do not yield to JavaScript; they do not prevent OS races.
+ *
+ * Only regular files, directories, and symlinks are represented. Permissions,
+ * ownership, timestamp precision, case sensitivity, umask, and rename behavior
+ * are those of the host filesystem. Copy is not atomic; rename can fail EXDEV.
+ * Cancellation is cooperative between operations/chunks, not rollback: failed
+ * or canceled writes/copies may leave partial data. No native commands execute.
+ * Destructive rm/rename operands ending in `.` or `..` are refused with EINVAL,
+ * including native recursive-rm edge cases that could otherwise delete content.
+ * Public filesystem errors carry only virtual operands; native causes are
+ * intentionally omitted so host paths cannot escape through nested errors.
+ */
+export class RealFileSystem {
+    capabilities = Object.freeze({
+        read: true, stat: true, readdir: true, realpath: true, access: true,
+        write: true, append: true, exclusiveCreate: true, explicitDirectories: true, implicitDirectories: false,
+        mkdir: true, recursiveMkdir: true, remove: true, removeDirectory: true, recursiveRemove: true,
+        rename: true, atomicRenameNoReplace: false, copy: true, exclusiveCopy: true, readlink: true, truncate: true,
+        streamingAppend: true, randomAccessWrite: true,
+        readOnly: false, symlinks: true, hardlinks: true, streamingRead: true, streamingWrite: true, retainedRead: true, retainedResize: true,
+        ...platform.nativeFileSystem,
+    });
+    configuredRoot;
+    renameNoReplace;
+    rootPromise;
+    constructor(options) {
+        const root = typeof options === "string" ? options : options.root;
+        validatePath(root);
+        if (!isAbsolute(root)) {
+            throw new FsError("EINVAL", { syscall: "root", path: root, message: "root must be an absolute host path" });
+        }
+        if (sep !== "/") {
+            throw new FsError("ENOTSUP", { syscall: "root", message: "this backend requires a POSIX host" });
+        }
+        this.configuredRoot = root;
+        this.renameNoReplace = typeof options === "string" ? undefined : options.renameNoReplace;
+        if (this.renameNoReplace !== undefined) {
+            if (!platform.nativeFileSystem.atomicRename)
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP", { syscall: "root", message: "atomic rename is unavailable on this host" });
+            if (typeof this.renameNoReplace !== "function")
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL", { syscall: "root", message: "renameNoReplace must be a function" });
+            this.capabilities = Object.freeze({ ...this.capabilities, atomicRenameNoReplace: true });
+        }
+    }
+    async root(options = {}) {
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        this.rootPromise ??= (async () => {
+            const root = await native.realpath(this.configuredRoot);
+            if (!(await native.stat(root)).isDirectory())
+                throw new FsError("ENOTDIR");
+            return root;
+        })();
+        const root = await this.rootPromise;
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        if (await native.realpath(root) !== root)
+            throw new FsError("EACCES");
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        if (!(await native.stat(root)).isDirectory())
+            throw new FsError("ENOTDIR");
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        return root;
+    }
+    absoluteTarget(root, target) {
+        if (target === root)
+            return [];
+        const prefix = root === "/" ? "/" : `${root}/`;
+        if (!target.startsWith(prefix)) {
+            throw new FsError("EACCES", { message: "symlink target escapes the configured root" });
+        }
+        return target.slice(prefix.length).split("/");
+    }
+    async walk(root, components, options) {
+        let current = root;
+        let links = 0;
+        const pending = [...components];
+        while (pending.length > 0) {
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const { name: component, fromLink } = pending.shift();
+            if (component === "")
+                continue;
+            if ((component === "." || component === "..") && !options.checkTarget) {
+                await native.lstat(`${current}/.`);
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            }
+            if (component === ".")
+                continue;
+            if (component === "..") {
+                if (current === root) {
+                    if (fromLink)
+                        throw new FsError("EACCES", { message: "symlink target escapes the configured root" });
+                }
+                else {
+                    current = resolve(current, "..");
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (options.createFile && pending.length > 0 && pending.every((part) => part.name === "")) {
+                await native.lstat(`${current}/.`);
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                throw new FsError("EISDIR");
+            }
+            const candidate = join(current, component);
+            let stats;
+            try {
+                stats = await native.lstat(candidate);
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                const code = error.code;
+                if (options.checkTarget && (code === "ENOENT" || code === "ENOTDIR")) {
+                    current = candidate;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (code !== "ENOENT")
+                    throw error;
+                if (options.createDirectories && !fromLink) {
+                    try {
+                        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                        await native.mkdir(candidate, { mode: options.createDirectories.mode });
+                    }
+                    catch (creationError) {
+                        if (nativeError(creationError).code !== "EEXIST")
+                            throw creationError;
+                    }
+                    options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                    stats = await native.lstat(candidate);
+                }
+                else if (!options.createDirectories && options.missing === "final" && pending.every((part) => part.name === "")) {
+                    return pending.length > 0 ? `${candidate}/` : candidate;
+                }
+                else {
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            }
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            if (stats.isSymbolicLink() && (pending.length > 0 || options.followFinal !== false)) {
+                if (++links > 40)
+                    throw new FsError("ELOOP");
+                const target = await native.readlink(candidate);
+                if (isAbsolute(target)) {
+                    pending.unshift(...this.absoluteTarget(root, target).map((name) => ({ name, fromLink: true })));
+                    current = root;
+                }
+                else {
+                    pending.unshift(...target.split("/").map((name) => ({ name, fromLink: true })));
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (pending.length > 0 && !stats.isDirectory() && !options.checkTarget) {
+                if (options.deferTrailingSeparator && stats.isFile() && pending.every((part) => part.name === "")) {
+                    return `${candidate}/`;
+                }
+                throw new FsError("ENOTDIR");
+            }
+            if (!options.checkTarget)
+                fileType(stats);
+            current = candidate;
+        }
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        return components.at(-1)?.name === "" && current !== root ? `${current}/` : current;
+    }
+    async path(path, options = {}) {
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        validatePath(path);
+        if (path === "")
+            throw new FsError("ENOENT");
+        return this.walk(await this.root(options), path.split("/").map((name) => ({ name, fromLink: false })), options);
+    }
+    async operation(syscall, path, options, action, dest, preserveReceipt = false) {
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        try {
+            validatePath(path);
+            if (dest !== undefined)
+                validatePath(dest);
+            const result = await action();
+            if (!preserveReceipt)
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            return result;
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            if (!preserveReceipt)
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            else if (options.signal?.aborted && Object.is(error, options.signal.reason))
+                throw error;
+            const converted = nativeError(error);
+            throw new FsError(converted.code, {
+                syscall, path, ...(dest === undefined ? {} : { dest }),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    protectRoot(path, root) {
+        if (resolve(path) === root)
+            throw new FsError("EBUSY", { message: "the filesystem root cannot be removed or replaced" });
+    }
+    // These critical sections contain no await. They serialize with all JavaScript
+    // callers, under this adapter's existing trusted-host (externally isolated tree)
+    // boundary. They deliberately do not advertise the stronger atomic capabilities.
+    stagingSnapshot(path) {
+        try {
+            return fileStat(immediate.lstatSync(path, { bigint: true }));
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            if (nativeError(error).code === "ENOENT")
+                return null;
+            throw error;
+        }
+    }
+    expectStaging(path, expected, identityOnly = false) {
+        if (!platform.nativeFileSystem.trustedOwnedStaging)
+            throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+        if (expected && (expected.identityScope !== Symbol.for("virtual-bash.fs.native")
+            || expected.dev === undefined || expected.ino === undefined || !identityOnly && expected.opaqueVersion === undefined))
+            throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+        const current = this.stagingSnapshot(path);
+        if (expected && current && (current.identityScope !== Symbol.for("virtual-bash.fs.native")
+            || current.dev === undefined || current.ino === undefined || !identityOnly && current.opaqueVersion === undefined))
+            throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+        if (expected === null ? current !== null : !current || current.dev !== expected.dev || current.ino !== expected.ino || current.type !== expected.type
+            || !identityOnly && (current.opaqueVersion !== expected.opaqueVersion || current.size !== expected.size || current.mode !== expected.mode || current.nlink !== expected.nlink))
+            throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+        if (immediate.realpathSync(dirname(path)) !== dirname(path))
+            throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+        return current;
+    }
+    stagingMetadata(options) {
+        if (options.mode !== undefined)
+            integer(options.mode);
+        for (const time of [options.atimeMs, options.mtimeMs])
+            if (time !== undefined && (!Number.isFinite(time) || Math.abs(time) > 8.64e15))
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+    }
+    async prepareDirectoryAncestry(ancestors, options = {}) {
+        const controls = options.signal === undefined ? {} : { signal: options.signal };
+        controls.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        const entries = snapshotDirectoryAncestry(ancestors);
+        const path = entries.at(-1).path;
+        return this.operation("prepareDirectoryAncestry", path, controls, async () => {
+            const root = await this.root(controls);
+            const validate = () => {
+                controls.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                try {
+                    for (const entry of entries)
+                        this.expectStaging(join(root, entry.path.slice(1)), entry.stat, true);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    controls.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                    throw new FsError(nativeError(error).code, { syscall: "prepareDirectoryAncestry", path });
+                }
+            };
+            validate();
+            return validate;
+        });
+    }
+    async createStagedFile(directoryPath, name, content, options) {
+        options = snapshotStagingCreation(options, directoryPath);
+        // Unlike operation(), this must return its receipt after commit even if the
+        // signal is aborted before the promise settles.
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        try {
+            if (options.retainCleanup === true)
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+            if (!name || name === "." || name === ".." || name.includes("/") || name.includes("\0"))
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            this.stagingMetadata(options);
+            if (content.type === "file" && !(content.data instanceof Uint8Array))
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            const directory = await this.path(directoryPath, { ...options, followFinal: false, missing: "final" });
+            const root = await this.root(options);
+            const target = content.type === "symlink" ? (validatePath(content.target), isAbsolute(content.target) ? `${root}/${content.target.slice(1)}` : content.target) : undefined;
+            if (content.type === "symlink")
+                await this.walk(root, (isAbsolute(content.target) ? content.target.slice(1).split("/") : relative(root, directory).split("/").concat(content.target.split("/"))).map(name => ({ name, fromLink: true })), { ...options, checkTarget: true });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            this.protectTerminal(directoryPath);
+            this.expectStaging(dirname(directory), options.parent, true);
+            immediate.mkdirSync(directory, { mode: 0o700 });
+            const file = join(directory, name);
+            try {
+                if (content.type === "file") {
+                    const fd = immediate.openSync(file, constants.O_WRONLY | constants.O_CREAT | constants.O_EXCL | constants.O_NOFOLLOW, options.mode ?? 0o666);
+                    try {
+                        immediate.writeFileSync(fd, content.data);
+                        if (options.mode !== undefined)
+                            immediate.fchmodSync(fd, options.mode);
+                        if (options.atimeMs !== undefined || options.mtimeMs !== undefined) {
+                            const stat = immediate.fstatSync(fd);
+                            immediate.futimesSync(fd, (options.atimeMs ?? stat.atimeMs) / 1000, (options.mtimeMs ?? stat.mtimeMs) / 1000);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    finally {
+                        immediate.closeSync(fd);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                    immediate.symlinkSync(target, file);
+                const virtualDirectory = `/${relative(root, directory)}`;
+                const receipt = (path, host) => Object.freeze({ path, stat: Object.freeze(this.stagingSnapshot(host)) });
+                return Object.freeze({ parent: receipt(dirname(virtualDirectory), dirname(directory)), directory: receipt(virtualDirectory, directory), file: receipt(`${virtualDirectory}/${name}`, file) });
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                // Only entries just acquired by this synchronous section can be removed.
+                if (immediate.existsSync(file))
+                    immediate.unlinkSync(file);
+                immediate.rmdirSync(directory);
+                throw error;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            throw new FsError(nativeError(error).code, { syscall: "createStagedFile", path: directoryPath });
+        }
+    }
+    async stagingPaths(staging, options) {
+        const directory = await this.path(staging.directory.path, { ...options, followFinal: false });
+        const file = await this.path(staging.file.path, { ...options, followFinal: false, missing: "final" });
+        const parent = await this.path(staging.parent.path, { ...options, followFinal: false });
+        if (dirname(directory) !== parent || dirname(file) !== directory)
+            throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+        return { directory, file, parent };
+    }
+    checkStaging(staging, paths) {
+        this.expectStaging(paths.parent, staging.parent.stat, true);
+        const directory = this.expectStaging(paths.directory, staging.directory.stat, true);
+        if (directory?.type !== "directory" || (directory.mode & 0o777) !== 0o700)
+            throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+    }
+    async publishStagedFile(staging, destination, options) {
+        return this.operation("publishStagedFile", staging.file.path, options, async () => {
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            if (options.ancestors !== undefined || options.commitGuard !== undefined)
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+            const paths = await this.stagingPaths(staging, options);
+            const target = await this.path(destination, { ...options, followFinal: false, missing: "final" });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            this.protectTerminal(destination);
+            this.checkStaging(staging, paths);
+            this.expectStaging(paths.file, staging.file.stat);
+            this.expectStaging(dirname(target), options.parent, true);
+            const existing = this.expectStaging(target, options.destination);
+            if (existing && existing.dev === staging.file.stat.dev && existing.ino === staging.file.stat.ino
+                || target === paths.file || target === paths.directory || dirname(target) === paths.directory)
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            if (existing && existing.type !== "file")
+                throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+            immediate.renameSync(paths.file, target);
+        }, destination, true);
+    }
+    async removeStagedFile(staging, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("removeStagedFile", staging.directory.path, options, async () => {
+            const paths = await this.stagingPaths(staging, options);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            this.checkStaging(staging, paths);
+            const file = this.stagingSnapshot(paths.file);
+            if (file)
+                this.expectStaging(paths.file, staging.file.stat);
+            const children = immediate.readdirSync(paths.directory);
+            if (children.length !== (file ? 1 : 0) || file && children[0] !== basename(paths.file))
+                throw new FsError("ENOTEMPTY");
+            if (file)
+                immediate.unlinkSync(paths.file);
+            immediate.rmdirSync(paths.directory);
+        });
+    }
+    async writeFileConditional(path, data, options) {
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        try {
+            if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array))
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            this.stagingMetadata(options);
+            const target = await this.path(path, { ...options, followFinal: false, missing: "final" });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            this.expectStaging(dirname(target), options.parent, true);
+            const existing = this.expectStaging(target, options.expected);
+            if (existing && existing.type !== "file")
+                throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+            const fd = immediate.openSync(target, constants.O_WRONLY | constants.O_NOFOLLOW | (existing ? 0 : constants.O_CREAT | constants.O_EXCL), options.mode ?? 0o666);
+            try {
+                if (!options.append)
+                    immediate.ftruncateSync(fd, 0);
+                let offset = options.append ? Number(immediate.fstatSync(fd).size) : 0;
+                let written = 0;
+                while (written < data.length) {
+                    const count = immediate.writeSync(fd, data, written, data.length - written, offset);
+                    if (count === 0)
+                        throw new FsError("EIO");
+                    written += count;
+                    offset += count;
+                }
+                if (options.mode !== undefined)
+                    immediate.fchmodSync(fd, options.mode);
+                if (options.atimeMs !== undefined || options.mtimeMs !== undefined) {
+                    const stat = immediate.fstatSync(fd);
+                    immediate.futimesSync(fd, (options.atimeMs ?? stat.atimeMs) / 1000, (options.mtimeMs ?? stat.mtimeMs) / 1000);
+                }
+                return fileStat(immediate.fstatSync(fd, { bigint: true }));
+            }
+            finally {
+                immediate.closeSync(fd);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            throw new FsError(nativeError(error).code, { syscall: "writeFileConditional", path });
+        }
+    }
+    async removeFileConditional(path, options) {
+        return this.operation("removeFileConditional", path, options, async () => {
+            const target = await this.path(path, { ...options, followFinal: false });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            this.expectStaging(dirname(target), options.parent, true);
+            const file = this.expectStaging(target, options.expected);
+            if (file?.type !== "file" || file.nlink !== 1)
+                throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+            immediate.unlinkSync(target);
+        });
+    }
+    async prepareDirectory(path, options) {
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        try {
+            this.stagingMetadata(options);
+            const target = await this.path(path, { ...options, followFinal: false, missing: "final" });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            this.protectTerminal(path);
+            this.expectStaging(dirname(target), options.parent, true);
+            const existing = this.expectStaging(target, options.expected, true);
+            if (existing && existing.type !== "directory")
+                throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+            if (!existing)
+                immediate.mkdirSync(target, { mode: options.mode ?? 0o777 });
+            if (options.mode !== undefined)
+                immediate.chmodSync(target, options.mode);
+            if (options.atimeMs !== undefined || options.mtimeMs !== undefined) {
+                const stat = immediate.statSync(target);
+                immediate.utimesSync(target, (options.atimeMs ?? stat.atimeMs) / 1000, (options.mtimeMs ?? stat.mtimeMs) / 1000);
+            }
+            return this.stagingSnapshot(target);
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            throw new FsError(nativeError(error).code, { syscall: "prepareDirectory", path });
+        }
+    }
+    open(path, options) {
+        if (!platform.nativeFileSystem.open)
+            return this.operation("open", path, options, async () => { throw new FsError("ENOTSUP"); });
+        return openFileDescriptor(path, options, {
+            noFollow: true, positionedRead: true, positionedWrite: true, truncate: true, synchronization: "storage",
+        }, async (admitted) => {
+            let handle;
+            try {
+                const target = await this.path(path, {
+                    ...admitted, followFinal: !admitted.noFollow && admitted.creation !== "exclusive",
+                    ...(admitted.creation === "never" ? {} : { missing: "final" }),
+                });
+                let flags = (admitted.access === "read" ? constants.O_RDONLY : admitted.access === "write" ? constants.O_WRONLY : constants.O_RDWR)
+                    | constants.O_NOFOLLOW | constants.O_NONBLOCK;
+                if (admitted.creation !== "never")
+                    flags |= constants.O_CREAT;
+                if (admitted.creation === "exclusive")
+                    flags |= constants.O_EXCL;
+                if (admitted.append)
+                    flags |= constants.O_APPEND;
+                let created = false;
+                if (admitted.exactMode && admitted.creation !== "never") {
+                    try {
+                        handle = await native.open(target, flags | constants.O_EXCL, admitted.mode);
+                        created = true;
+                    }
+                    catch (error) {
+                        if (admitted.creation === "exclusive" || nativeError(error).code !== "EEXIST")
+                            throw error;
+                        handle = await native.open(target, flags & ~constants.O_CREAT, admitted.mode);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                    handle = await native.open(target, flags, admitted.mode);
+                if (created)
+                    await handle.chmod(admitted.mode);
+                admitted.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                const stat = await handle.stat();
+                if (stat.isDirectory())
+                    throw new FsError("EISDIR");
+                if (!stat.isFile())
+                    throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+                admitted.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                if (admitted.truncate)
+                    await handle.truncate(0);
+                const resource = { handle };
+                handle = undefined;
+                return {
+                    resource,
+                    stat: (retained, forwarded) => this.operation("fstat", path, forwarded, async () => fileStat(await retained.handle.stat({ bigint: true }))),
+                    read: (retained, buffer, position, forwarded) => this.operation("read", path, forwarded, async () => (await retained.handle.read(buffer, 0, buffer.byteLength, position)).bytesRead),
+                    write: (retained, buffer, position, forwarded) => this.operation("write", path, forwarded, async () => (await retained.handle.write(buffer, 0, buffer.byteLength, position)).bytesWritten),
+                    truncate: (retained, length, forwarded) => this.operation("ftruncate", path, forwarded, () => retained.handle.truncate(length)),
+                    sync: (retained, dataOnly, forwarded) => this.operation(dataOnly ? "fdatasync" : "fsync", path, forwarded, () => dataOnly ? retained.handle.datasync() : retained.handle.sync()),
+                    close: async (retained) => {
+                        try {
+                            await this.operation("close", path, {}, () => retained.handle.close());
+                        }
+                        finally {
+                            retained.handle = undefined;
+                        }
+                    },
+                };
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                if (handle)
+                    await finishCleanup(() => handle.close(), true);
+                handle = undefined;
+                admitted.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                throw new FsError(nativeError(error).code, { syscall: "open", path });
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    protectTerminal(path) {
+        const terminal = path.split("/").filter(Boolean).at(-1);
+        if (terminal === "." || terminal === "..")
+            throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+    }
+    async readFile(path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("readFile", path, options, async () => {
+            const maxBytes = options.maxBytes ?? Infinity;
+            if (maxBytes !== Infinity)
+                integer(maxBytes);
+            return collectBytes(this.readStream(path, options), { maxBytes, ...options });
+        });
+    }
+    async writeFile(path, data, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("writeFile", path, options, async () => {
+            if (!(data instanceof Uint8Array))
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            await this.writeStream(path, toByteSource(data), options);
+        });
+    }
+    async appendFile(path, data, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("appendFile", path, options, () => this.writeFile(path, data, { ...options, flag: "a" }));
+    }
+    async stat(path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("stat", path, options, async () => {
+            const target = await this.path(path, options);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            return fileStat(await native.stat(target, { bigint: true }));
+        });
+    }
+    async lstat(path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("lstat", path, options, async () => {
+            const target = await this.path(path, { ...options, followFinal: false });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            return fileStat(await native.lstat(target, { bigint: true }));
+        });
+    }
+    async readdir(path, options = {}) {
+        const limit = directoryEntryLimit(options, path);
+        return this.operation("readdir", path, options, async () => {
+            const target = await this.path(path, options);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            if (limit === undefined) {
+                const entries = await native.readdir(target, { withFileTypes: true });
+                return entries.map((entry) => ({ name: entry.name, type: fileType(entry) }));
+            }
+            const handle = await native.opendir(target, { bufferSize: 1 });
+            let failed = false;
+            try {
+                const entries = [];
+                while (true) {
+                    options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                    const entry = await handle.read();
+                    options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                    if (entry === null)
+                        return entries;
+                    admitDirectoryEntries(entries.length + 1, limit, path);
+                    entries.push({ name: entry.name, type: fileType(entry) });
+                }
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                failed = true;
+                throw error;
+            }
+            finally {
+                await finishCleanup(() => handle.close(), failed);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    async mkdir(path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("mkdir", path, options, async () => {
+            if (options.mode !== undefined)
+                integer(options.mode);
+            if (options.exactMode && (!platform.nativeFileSystem.permissions || options.recursive))
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+            const target = await this.path(path, {
+                ...options,
+                missing: "final", followFinal: !!options.recursive, deferTrailingSeparator: true,
+                ...(options.recursive ? { createDirectories: { mode: options.mode ?? 0o777 } } : {}),
+            });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            await native.mkdir(target, { recursive: options.recursive ?? false, ...(options.mode === undefined ? {} : { mode: options.mode }) });
+            if (options.exactMode)
+                await native.chmod(target, options.mode ?? 0o777);
+        });
+    }
+    async rmdir(path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("rmdir", path, options, async () => {
+            const target = await this.path(path.replace(/\/+$/, "") || (path ? "/" : ""), { ...options, followFinal: false });
+            this.protectTerminal(path);
+            this.protectRoot(target, await this.root(options));
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            await native.rmdir(target);
+        });
+    }
+    async rm(path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("rm", path, options, async () => {
+            let target;
+            try {
+                target = await this.path(path, { ...options, followFinal: false });
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                if (options.force && toFsError(error).code === "ENOENT")
+                    return;
+                throw error;
+            }
+            this.protectTerminal(path);
+            this.protectRoot(target, await this.root(options));
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            await native.rm(target, { recursive: options.recursive ?? false, force: options.force ?? false });
+        });
+    }
+    async unlink(path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("unlink", path, options, async () => {
+            const target = await this.path(path, { ...options, followFinal: false });
+            this.protectTerminal(path);
+            this.protectRoot(target, await this.root(options));
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            await native.unlink(target);
+        });
+    }
+    async rename(source, destination, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("rename", source, options, async () => {
+            if (options.noReplace && !this.renameNoReplace)
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP", { syscall: "rename", path: source, dest: destination });
+            const from = await this.path(source, { ...options, followFinal: false });
+            const to = await this.path(destination, { ...options, followFinal: false, missing: "final" });
+            this.protectTerminal(source);
+            this.protectTerminal(destination);
+            const root = await this.root(options);
+            this.protectRoot(from, root);
+            this.protectRoot(to, root);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            if (options.noReplace)
+                await this.renameNoReplace(from, to, options.signal ? { signal: options.signal } : {});
+            else
+                await native.rename(from, to);
+        }, destination);
+    }
+    async copyFile(source, destination, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("copyFile", source, options, async () => {
+            const from = await this.path(source, options);
+            const to = await this.path(destination, { ...options, missing: "final", followFinal: !options.exclusive, deferTrailingSeparator: true });
+            let flags = options.exclusive ? constants.COPYFILE_EXCL : 0;
+            if (!to.endsWith("/")) {
+                const origin = await native.stat(from, { bigint: true });
+                let target;
+                try {
+                    target = await native.lstat(to, { bigint: true });
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    if (nativeError(error).code !== "ENOENT")
+                        throw error;
+                }
+                if (target && options.exclusive)
+                    throw new FsError("EEXIST");
+                if (target && origin.isFile()) {
+                    const identity = compareIdentity(fileStat(origin), fileStat(target));
+                    if (identity === "same")
+                        throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+                    if (identity === "unknown")
+                        throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+                }
+                if (!target)
+                    flags |= constants.COPYFILE_EXCL;
+            }
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            await native.copyFile(from, to, flags);
+        }, destination);
+    }
+    async realpath(path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("realpath", path, options, async () => {
+            const target = await this.path(path, options);
+            return `/${relative(await this.root(options), target)}`;
+        });
+    }
+    async access(path, mode = constants.F_OK, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("access", path, options, async () => {
+            integer(mode);
+            if (mode > 7)
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            const target = await this.path(path, options);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            await native.access(target, mode);
+        });
+    }
+    async readlink(path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("readlink", path, options, async () => {
+            const resolved = await this.path(path, { ...options, followFinal: false });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const target = await native.readlink(resolved);
+            if (!isAbsolute(target))
+                return target;
+            return `/${this.absoluteTarget(await this.root(options), target).join("/")}`;
+        });
+    }
+    async symlink(target, path, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("symlink", path, options, async () => {
+            validatePath(target);
+            if (!target)
+                throw new FsError("ENOENT");
+            const destination = await this.path(path, { ...options, followFinal: false, missing: "final" });
+            const root = await this.root(options);
+            const stored = target.startsWith("/") ? `${root === "/" ? "" : root}${target}` : target;
+            const components = target.startsWith("/")
+                ? target.split("/")
+                : [...relative(root, resolve(destination, "..")).split("/"), ...target.split("/")];
+            try {
+                await this.walk(root, components.map((name) => ({ name, fromLink: true })), { ...options, checkTarget: true });
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                if (nativeError(error).code !== "ELOOP")
+                    throw error;
+            }
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            await native.symlink(stored, destination);
+        });
+    }
+    async link(existingPath, newPath, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("link", existingPath, options, async () => {
+            const source = await this.path(existingPath, { ...options, followFinal: false });
+            const destination = await this.path(newPath, { ...options, followFinal: false, missing: "final" });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            await native.link(source, destination);
+        }, newPath);
+    }
+    async chmod(path, mode, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("chmod", path, options, async () => {
+            if (!platform.nativeFileSystem.permissions)
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+            integer(mode);
+            const conditional = snapshotConditionalChmod(path, options);
+            if (conditional) {
+                const target = await this.path(path, { ...conditional, followFinal: false });
+                const root = await this.root(conditional);
+                if ((target === root ? "/" : `/${relative(root, target)}`) !== path)
+                    throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+                if (conditional.expected.type !== "file" && conditional.expected.type !== "directory")
+                    throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+                const parent = target === root ? root : dirname(target);
+                const validate = () => {
+                    conditional.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                    for (const entry of conditional.ancestors)
+                        this.expectStaging(join(root, entry.path.slice(1)), entry.stat, true);
+                    this.expectStaging(parent, conditional.parent, true);
+                    const current = this.expectStaging(target, conditional.expected, conditional.expected.type === "directory");
+                    if (current?.mode !== conditional.expected.mode)
+                        throw new FsError("EAGAIN");
+                };
+                validate();
+                if (conditional.commitGuard)
+                    runStagingGuard(conditional.commitGuard);
+                validate();
+                immediate.chmodSync(target, mode);
+                return;
+            }
+            const target = await this.path(path, options);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            await native.chmod(target, mode);
+        });
+    }
+    async utimes(path, atimeMs, mtimeMs, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("utimes", path, options, async () => {
+            if (!platform.nativeFileSystem.timestamps)
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+            if (!Number.isFinite(atimeMs) || !Number.isFinite(mtimeMs)
+                || Math.abs(atimeMs) > 8.64e15 || Math.abs(mtimeMs) > 8.64e15)
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            const target = await this.path(path, options);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const atimeSeconds = atimeMs / 1000;
+            const mtimeSeconds = mtimeMs / 1000;
+            await native.utimes(target, atimeSeconds < 0 ? String(atimeSeconds) : atimeSeconds, mtimeSeconds < 0 ? String(mtimeSeconds) : mtimeSeconds);
+        });
+    }
+    async truncate(path, length = 0, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("truncate", path, options, async () => {
+            integer(length);
+            const target = await this.path(path, options);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const handle = await native.open(target, constants.O_WRONLY | constants.O_NOFOLLOW | constants.O_NONBLOCK);
+            try {
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                if (!(await handle.stat()).isFile())
+                    throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                await handle.truncate(length);
+            }
+            finally {
+                await handle.close();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    async openResizeFile(path, options = {}) {
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        const assertStock = () => {
+            const unsupported = () => { throw new FsError("ENOTSUP", { syscall: "openResizeFile", path }); };
+            if (Object.getPrototypeOf(this) !== RealFileSystem.prototype)
+                unsupported();
+            for (const name of ["openResizeFile", "truncate", "writeFile", "writeStream", "appendFile", "stat", "lstat", "realpath", "access",
+                "root", "absoluteTarget", "walk", "path"]) {
+                const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this, name)
+                    ?? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(RealFileSystem.prototype, name);
+                if (!descriptor || !("value" in descriptor) || descriptor.value !== realImplementation[name]?.value)
+                    unsupported();
+            }
+            const capabilities = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this, "capabilities")?.value;
+            if (capabilities?.readOnly === true)
+                throw new FsError("EROFS", { syscall: "openResizeFile", path });
+            if (capabilities?.retainedResize !== true)
+                unsupported();
+        };
+        assertStock();
+        const failure = (error, syscall) => error
+            ? new FsError(nativeError(error).code, { syscall, path }) : error;
+        let resource;
+        try {
+            if (options.mode !== undefined)
+                integer(options.mode);
+            if (options.create !== undefined && typeof options.create !== "boolean")
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            const target = await this.path(path, {
+                ...options, ...(options.create === true ? { missing: "final" } : {}),
+                deferTrailingSeparator: true, createFile: options.create === true,
+            });
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            assertStock();
+            const flags = constants.O_WRONLY | constants.O_NOFOLLOW | constants.O_NONBLOCK
+                | (options.create === true ? constants.O_CREAT : 0);
+            resource = await native.open(target, flags, options.mode ?? 0o666);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const stats = await resource.stat();
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            assertStock();
+            if (stats.isDirectory())
+                throw new FsError("EISDIR");
+            if (!stats.isFile())
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            await finishCleanup(async () => { await resource?.close(); }, true);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            throw failure(error, "openResizeFile");
+        }
+        const handle = resource;
+        const pending = new Set();
+        let accepting = true;
+        let closing;
+        const assertOpen = (options, syscall) => {
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            if (!accepting)
+                throw new FsError("EBADF", { syscall, path });
+        };
+        const perform = async (options, syscall, action) => {
+            assertOpen(options, syscall);
+            let settled;
+            const admitted = new Promise(resolve => { settled = resolve; });
+            pending.add(admitted);
+            try {
+                const value = await action();
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                return value;
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                throw failure(error, syscall);
+            }
+            finally {
+                pending.delete(admitted);
+                settled();
+            }
+        };
+        return {
+            stat(options = {}) {
+                return perform(options, "fstat", async () => fileStat(await handle.stat({ bigint: true })));
+            },
+            async truncate(length, options = {}) {
+                assertOpen(options, "ftruncate");
+                try {
+                    integer(length);
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    throw failure(error, "ftruncate");
+                }
+                return perform(options, "ftruncate", async () => { await handle.truncate(length); });
+            },
+            async seekEnd(options = {}) {
+                const signal = options.signal;
+                const operationOptions = signal === undefined ? {} : { signal };
+                assertOpen(operationOptions, "lseek");
+                try {
+                    const binding = await loadNativeSeekBinding(signal);
+                    assertOpen(operationOptions, "lseek");
+                    const seek = binding.seekEnd;
+                    assertOpen(operationOptions, "lseek");
+                    if (typeof seek !== "function")
+                        throw new FsError("EIO");
+                    const descriptor = handle.fd;
+                    assertOpen(operationOptions, "lseek");
+                    return await perform(operationOptions, "lseek", () => callNativeSeekEnd(binding, seek, descriptor));
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                    throw failure(error, "lseek");
+                }
+            },
+            close() {
+                accepting = false;
+                closing ??= Promise.all([...pending]).then(async () => {
+                    try {
+                        await handle.close();
+                    }
+                    catch (error) {
+                        throw failure(error, "close");
+                    }
+                });
+                return closing;
+            },
+        };
+    }
+    async openReadFile(path, options = {}) {
+        const signal = options.signal;
+        signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        const assertStock = () => {
+            const unsupported = () => { throw new FsError("ENOTSUP", { syscall: "openReadFile", path }); };
+            if (Object.getPrototypeOf(this) !== RealFileSystem.prototype)
+                unsupported();
+            for (const name of ["openReadFile", "readFile", "readStream", "stat", "lstat", "realpath", "access",
+                "root", "absoluteTarget", "walk", "path"]) {
+                const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this, name)
+                    ?? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(RealFileSystem.prototype, name);
+                if (!descriptor || !("value" in descriptor) || descriptor.value !== realImplementation[name]?.value)
+                    unsupported();
+            }
+            if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this, "capabilities")?.value?.retainedRead !== true)
+                unsupported();
+        };
+        assertStock();
+        const failure = (error, syscall) => error
+            ? new FsError(nativeError(error).code, { syscall, path }) : error;
+        let resource;
+        let directory = false;
+        try {
+            const allowDirectory = options.allowDirectory === true;
+            signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const target = await this.path(path, signal === undefined ? {} : { signal });
+            signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            assertStock();
+            resource = await native.open(target, constants.O_RDONLY | constants.O_NOFOLLOW | constants.O_NONBLOCK);
+            signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const stats = await resource.stat();
+            signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            assertStock();
+            directory = stats.isDirectory();
+            if (directory && !allowDirectory)
+                throw new FsError("EISDIR");
+            if (!directory && !stats.isFile())
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+            signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            await finishCleanup(async () => { await resource?.close(); }, true);
+            signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            throw failure(error, "openReadFile");
+        }
+        const handle = resource;
+        const pending = new Set();
+        let accepting = true;
+        let closing;
+        const assertOpen = (options, syscall) => {
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            if (!accepting)
+                throw new FsError("EBADF", { syscall, path });
+        };
+        const perform = async (options, syscall, action) => {
+            assertOpen(options, syscall);
+            let settled;
+            const admitted = new Promise(resolve => { settled = resolve; });
+            pending.add(admitted);
+            try {
+                const value = await action();
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                return value;
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                throw failure(error, syscall);
+            }
+            finally {
+                pending.delete(admitted);
+                settled();
+            }
+        };
+        return {
+            stat(options = {}) {
+                return perform(options, "fstat", async () => fileStat(await handle.stat({ bigint: true })));
+            },
+            async read(position, maxBytes, options = {}) {
+                assertOpen(options, "read");
+                try {
+                    integer(position);
+                    integer(maxBytes, 1);
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    throw failure(error, "read");
+                }
+                if (maxBytes > Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER - position)
+                    throw new FsError("EINVAL", { syscall: "read", path });
+                if (directory)
+                    throw new FsError("EISDIR", { syscall: "read", path });
+                return perform(options, "read", async () => {
+                    let bytes;
+                    try {
+                        bytes = new Uint8Array(maxBytes);
+                    }
+                    catch {
+                        throw new FsError("EFBIG");
+                    }
+                    const { bytesRead } = await handle.read(bytes, 0, bytes.byteLength, position);
+                    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(bytesRead) || bytesRead < 0 || bytesRead > maxBytes)
+                        throw new FsError("EIO");
+                    return bytes.slice(0, bytesRead);
+                });
+            },
+            async seekEnd(options = {}) {
+                const signal = options.signal;
+                const operationOptions = signal === undefined ? {} : { signal };
+                assertOpen(operationOptions, "lseek");
+                try {
+                    const binding = await loadNativeSeekBinding(signal);
+                    assertOpen(operationOptions, "lseek");
+                    const seek = binding.seekEnd;
+                    assertOpen(operationOptions, "lseek");
+                    if (typeof seek !== "function")
+                        throw new FsError("EIO");
+                    const descriptor = handle.fd;
+                    assertOpen(operationOptions, "lseek");
+                    return await perform(operationOptions, "lseek", () => callNativeSeekEnd(binding, seek, descriptor));
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                    throw failure(error, "lseek");
+                }
+            },
+            close() {
+                accepting = false;
+                closing ??= Promise.all([...pending]).then(async () => {
+                    try {
+                        await handle.close();
+                    }
+                    catch (error) {
+                        throw failure(error, "close");
+                    }
+                });
+                return closing;
+            },
+        };
+    }
+    async *readStream(path, options = {}) {
+        const syscall = "readStream";
+        let handle;
+        let failed = false;
+        try {
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const start = options.start ?? 0;
+            const end = options.endExclusive ?? Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+            const chunkSize = options.chunkSize ?? 64 * 1024;
+            integer(start);
+            integer(end);
+            integer(chunkSize, 1);
+            if (end < start)
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            const target = await this.path(path, options);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            handle = await native.open(target, constants.O_RDONLY | constants.O_NOFOLLOW | constants.O_NONBLOCK);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const stats = await handle.stat();
+            if (stats.isDirectory())
+                throw new FsError("EISDIR");
+            if (!stats.isFile())
+                throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+            let position = start;
+            while (position < end) {
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                const bytes = new Uint8Array(Math.min(chunkSize, end - position));
+                const { bytesRead } = await handle.read(bytes, 0, bytes.byteLength, position);
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                if (bytesRead === 0)
+                    break;
+                position += bytesRead;
+                yield bytes.subarray(0, bytesRead);
+            }
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            failed = true;
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            throw new FsError(nativeError(error).code, { syscall, path });
+        }
+        finally {
+            await finishCleanup(async () => {
+                try {
+                    await handle?.close();
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    throw new FsError(nativeError(error).code, { syscall, path });
+                }
+            }, failed);
+        }
+    }
+    async writeStream(path, source, options = {}) {
+        return this.operation("writeStream", path, options, async () => {
+            const flag = options.flag ?? "w";
+            if (!["w", "wx", "a", "ax"].includes(flag))
+                throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+            if (options.mode !== undefined)
+                integer(options.mode);
+            const exclusive = flag.endsWith("x");
+            const destination = await this.path(path, { ...options, missing: "final", followFinal: !exclusive, deferTrailingSeparator: true });
+            const flags = constants.O_WRONLY | constants.O_CREAT | constants.O_NOFOLLOW | constants.O_NONBLOCK
+                | (flag.startsWith("a") ? constants.O_APPEND : constants.O_TRUNC)
+                | (exclusive ? constants.O_EXCL : 0);
+            options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const handle = await native.open(destination, flags, options.mode ?? 0o666);
+            try {
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                if (!(await handle.stat()).isFile())
+                    throw new FsError("ENOTSUP");
+                options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                for await (const chunk of source) {
+                    options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                    if (!(chunk instanceof Uint8Array))
+                        throw new FsError("EINVAL");
+                    let offset = 0;
+                    while (offset < chunk.byteLength) {
+                        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+                        const { bytesWritten } = await handle.write(chunk, offset, chunk.byteLength - offset, null);
+                        if (bytesWritten === 0)
+                            throw new FsError("EIO");
+                        offset += bytesWritten;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            finally {
+                await handle.close();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+const realImplementation = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(RealFileSystem.prototype);
+/** Construct and validate an existing root before returning the backend. */
+export async function createRealFileSystem(options) {
+    const filesystem = new RealFileSystem(options);
+    await filesystem.stat("/");
+    return filesystem;
+}