three-text 0.2.7 → 0.2.9

package/dist/index.cjs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*!
- * three-text v0.2.7
+ * three-text v0.2.9
  * Copyright (C) 2025 Countertype LLC
  * 
  * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -125,9 +125,6 @@ class PerformanceLogger {
         this.metrics.length = 0;
         this.activeTimers.clear();
     }
-    reset() {
-        this.clear();
-    }
     time(name, fn, metadata) {
         if (!isLogEnabled)
             return fn();
@@ -189,11 +186,11 @@ var FitnessClass;
     FitnessClass[FitnessClass["VERY_LOOSE"] = 3] = "VERY_LOOSE";
 })(FitnessClass || (FitnessClass = {}));
 // ActiveNodeList maintains all currently viable breakpoints as we scan through the text.
-// Each node represents a potential break with accumulated demerits (total "cost" from start).
+// Each node represents a potential break with accumulated demerits (total "cost" from start)
 //
 // Demerits = cumulative penalty score from text start to this break, calculated as:
-//   (line_penalty + badness)² + penalty² + flagged/fitness adjustments (tex.web §859)
-// Lower demerits = better line breaks. TeX minimizes total demerits across the paragraph.
+//   (line_penalty + badness)² + penalty² + flagged/fitness adjustments (tex.web line 16634)
+// Lower demerits = better line breaks. TeX minimizes total demerits across the paragraph
 //
 // Implementation differs from TeX:
 // - Hash map for O(1) lookups by position+fitness
@@ -260,15 +257,15 @@ const DEFAULT_RIGHT_HYPHEN_MIN = 4;
 const INF_BAD = 10000;
 // Non TeX default: emergency stretch for non-hyphenated text (10% of line width)
 const DEFAULT_EMERGENCY_STRETCH_NO_HYPHEN = 0.1;
-// Another non TeX default: Single-word line detection thresholds
-const SINGLE_WORD_WIDTH_THRESHOLD = 0.5; // Lines < 50% of width are problematic
-const SINGLE_WORD_EMERGENCY_STRETCH_INCREMENT = 0.1; // Add 10% per iteration
+// Another non TeX default: Short line detection thresholds
+const SHORT_LINE_WIDTH_THRESHOLD = 0.5; // Lines < 50% of width are problematic
+const SHORT_LINE_EMERGENCY_STRETCH_INCREMENT = 0.1; // Add 10% per iteration
 class LineBreak {
-    // Calculate badness according to TeX's formula (tex.web §108, line 2337)
+    // Calculate badness according to TeX's formula (tex.web line 2337)
     // Given t (desired adjustment) and s (available stretch/shrink)
     // Returns approximation to 100(t/s)³, representing how "bad" a line is
     // Constants are derived from TeX's fixed-point arithmetic:
-    //   297³ ≈ 100×2¹⁸, so (297t/s)³/2¹⁸ ≈ 100(t/s)³
+    // 297³ ≈ 100×2¹⁸, so (297t/s)³/2¹⁸ ≈ 100(t/s)³
     static badness(t, s) {
         if (t === 0)
             return 0;
@@ -327,8 +324,8 @@ class LineBreak {
         const filteredPoints = hyphenPoints.filter((pos) => pos >= lefthyphenmin && word.length - pos >= righthyphenmin);
         return filteredPoints;
     }
-    // Converts text into items (boxes, glues, penalties) for line breaking.
-    // The measureText function should return widths that include any letter spacing.
+    // Converts text into items (boxes, glues, penalties) for line breaking
+    // The measureText function should return widths that include any letter spacing
     static itemizeText(text, measureText, // function to measure text width
     hyphenate = false, language = 'en-us', availablePatterns, lefthyphenmin = DEFAULT_LEFT_HYPHEN_MIN, righthyphenmin = DEFAULT_RIGHT_HYPHEN_MIN, context) {
         const items = [];
@@ -352,16 +349,214 @@ class LineBreak {
         });
         return items;
     }
+    // Chinese, Japanese, and Korean character ranges
+    static isCJK(char) {
+        const code = char.codePointAt(0);
+        if (code === undefined)
+            return false;
+        return (
+        // CJK Unified Ideographs
+        (code >= 0x4e00 && code <= 0x9fff) ||
+            // CJK Extension A
+            (code >= 0x3400 && code <= 0x4dbf) ||
+            // CJK Extension B
+            (code >= 0x20000 && code <= 0x2a6df) ||
+            // CJK Extension C
+            (code >= 0x2a700 && code <= 0x2b73f) ||
+            // CJK Extension D
+            (code >= 0x2b740 && code <= 0x2b81f) ||
+            // CJK Extension E
+            (code >= 0x2b820 && code <= 0x2ceaf) ||
+            // CJK Compatibility Ideographs
+            (code >= 0xf900 && code <= 0xfaff) ||
+            // Hiragana
+            (code >= 0x3040 && code <= 0x309f) ||
+            // Katakana
+            (code >= 0x30a0 && code <= 0x30ff) ||
+            // Hangul Syllables
+            (code >= 0xac00 && code <= 0xd7af) ||
+            // Hangul Jamo
+            (code >= 0x1100 && code <= 0x11ff) ||
+            // Hangul Compatibility Jamo
+            (code >= 0x3130 && code <= 0x318f) ||
+            // Hangul Jamo Extended-A
+            (code >= 0xa960 && code <= 0xa97f) ||
+            // Hangul Jamo Extended-B
+            (code >= 0xd7b0 && code <= 0xd7ff) ||
+            // Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms (Korean)
+            (code >= 0xffa0 && code <= 0xffdc));
+    }
+    // Closing punctuation where line breaks are prohibited (UAX #14 LB30, JIS X 4051)
+    static isCJClosingPunctuation(char) {
+        const code = char.charCodeAt(0);
+        return (code === 0x3001 || // 、
+            code === 0x3002 || // 。
+            code === 0xff0c || // ，
+            code === 0xff0e || // ．
+            code === 0xff1a || // ：
+            code === 0xff1b || // ；
+            code === 0xff01 || // ！
+            code === 0xff1f || // ？
+            code === 0xff09 || // ）
+            code === 0x3011 || // 】
+            code === 0xff5d || // ｝
+            code === 0x300d || // 」
+            code === 0x300f || // 』
+            code === 0x3009 || // 〉
+            code === 0x300b || // 》
+            code === 0x3015 || // 〕
+            code === 0x3017 || // 〗
+            code === 0x3019 || // 〙
+            code === 0x301b || // 〛
+            code === 0x30fc || // ー
+            code === 0x2014 || // —
+            code === 0x2026 || // …
+            code === 0x2025 // ‥
+        );
+    }
+    // Opening punctuation where line breaks are prohibited (UAX #14 LB30a, JIS X 4051)
+    static isCJOpeningPunctuation(char) {
+        const code = char.charCodeAt(0);
+        return (code === 0xff08 || // （
+            code === 0x3010 || // 【
+            code === 0xff5b || // ｛
+            code === 0x300c || // 「
+            code === 0x300e || // 『
+            code === 0x3008 || // 〈
+            code === 0x300a || // 《
+            code === 0x3014 || // 〔
+            code === 0x3016 || // 〖
+            code === 0x3018 || // 〘
+            code === 0x301a // 〚
+        );
+    }
+    static isCJPunctuation(char) {
+        return (this.isCJClosingPunctuation(char) || this.isCJOpeningPunctuation(char));
+    }
+    // CJK (Chinese/Japanese/Korean) character-level itemization with inter-character glue
+    static itemizeCJKText(text, measureText, context, startOffset = 0, glueParams) {
+        const items = [];
+        const chars = Array.from(text);
+        let textPosition = startOffset;
+        // Inter-character glue parameters
+        let glueWidth;
+        let glueStretch;
+        let glueShrink;
+        if (glueParams) {
+            glueWidth = glueParams.width;
+            glueStretch = glueParams.stretch;
+            glueShrink = glueParams.shrink;
+        }
+        else {
+            const baseCharWidth = measureText('字');
+            glueWidth = 0;
+            glueStretch = baseCharWidth * 0.04;
+            glueShrink = baseCharWidth * 0.04;
+        }
+        for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
+            const char = chars[i];
+            const nextChar = i < chars.length - 1 ? chars[i + 1] : null;
+            if (/\s/.test(char)) {
+                const width = measureText(char);
+                items.push({
+                    type: ItemType.GLUE,
+                    width,
+                    stretch: width * SPACE_STRETCH_RATIO,
+                    shrink: width * SPACE_SHRINK_RATIO,
+                    text: char,
+                    originIndex: textPosition
+                });
+                textPosition += char.length;
+                continue;
+            }
+            items.push({
+                type: ItemType.BOX,
+                width: measureText(char),
+                text: char,
+                originIndex: textPosition
+            });
+            textPosition += char.length;
+            // Glue after a box creates a break opportunity
+            // Must not add glue where breaks are prohibited by Chinese/Japanese line breaking rules
+            if (nextChar && !/\s/.test(nextChar)) {
+                let canBreak = true;
+                if (this.isCJClosingPunctuation(nextChar)) {
+                    canBreak = false;
+                }
+                if (this.isCJOpeningPunctuation(char)) {
+                    canBreak = false;
+                }
+                // Avoid stretch between consecutive punctuation (？" or 。」)
+                const isPunctPair = this.isCJPunctuation(char) && this.isCJPunctuation(nextChar);
+                if (canBreak && !isPunctPair) {
+                    items.push({
+                        type: ItemType.GLUE,
+                        width: glueWidth,
+                        stretch: glueStretch,
+                        shrink: glueShrink,
+                        text: '',
+                        originIndex: textPosition
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return items;
+    }
     static itemizeParagraph(text, measureText, hyphenate, language, availablePatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, context) {
         const items = [];
-        // First split into words and spaces
+        const chars = Array.from(text);
+        // Calculate CJK glue parameters once for consistency across all segments
+        const baseCharWidth = measureText('字');
+        const cjkGlueParams = {
+            width: 0,
+            stretch: baseCharWidth * 0.04,
+            shrink: baseCharWidth * 0.04
+        };
+        let buffer = '';
+        let bufferStart = 0;
+        let bufferScript = null;
+        let textPosition = 0;
+        const flushBuffer = () => {
+            if (buffer.length === 0)
+                return;
+            if (bufferScript === 'cjk') {
+                const cjkItems = this.itemizeCJKText(buffer, measureText, context, bufferStart, cjkGlueParams);
+                items.push(...cjkItems);
+            }
+            else {
+                const wordItems = this.itemizeWordBased(buffer, bufferStart, measureText, hyphenate, language, availablePatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, context);
+                items.push(...wordItems);
+            }
+            buffer = '';
+            bufferScript = null;
+        };
+        for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
+            const char = chars[i];
+            const isCJKChar = this.isCJK(char);
+            const currentScript = isCJKChar ? 'cjk' : 'word';
+            if (bufferScript !== null && bufferScript !== currentScript) {
+                flushBuffer();
+                bufferStart = textPosition;
+            }
+            if (bufferScript === null) {
+                bufferScript = currentScript;
+                bufferStart = textPosition;
+            }
+            buffer += char;
+            textPosition += char.length;
+        }
+        flushBuffer();
+        return items;
+    }
+    // Word-based itemization for alphabetic scripts (Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, etc.)
+    static itemizeWordBased(text, startOffset, measureText, hyphenate, language, availablePatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, context) {
+        const items = [];
         const tokens = text.match(/\S+|\s+/g) || [];
         let currentIndex = 0;
         for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
             const token = tokens[i];
-            const tokenStartIndex = currentIndex;
+            const tokenStartIndex = startOffset + currentIndex;
             if (/\s+/.test(token)) {
-                // Handle spaces
                 const width = measureText(token);
                 items.push({
                     type: ItemType.GLUE,
@@ -374,22 +569,19 @@ class LineBreak {
                 currentIndex += token.length;
             }
             else {
-                // Process word, splitting on explicit hyphens
-                // Split on hyphens while keeping them in the result
                 const segments = token.split(/(-)/);
                 let segmentIndex = tokenStartIndex;
                 for (let j = 0; j < segments.length; j++) {
                     const segment = segments[j];
                     if (!segment)
-                        continue; // Skip empty segments
+                        continue;
                     if (segment === '-') {
-                        // Handle explicit hyphen as discretionary break
                         items.push({
                             type: ItemType.DISCRETIONARY,
-                            width: measureText('-'), // Width of hyphen in normal flow
-                            preBreak: '-', // Hyphen appears before break
-                            postBreak: '', // Nothing after break
-                            noBreak: '-', // Hyphen if no break
+                            width: measureText('-'),
+                            preBreak: '-',
+                            postBreak: '',
+                            noBreak: '-',
                             preBreakWidth: measureText('-'),
                             penalty: context?.exHyphenPenalty ?? DEFAULT_EX_HYPHEN_PENALTY,
                             flagged: true,
@@ -399,8 +591,6 @@ class LineBreak {
                         segmentIndex += 1;
                     }
                     else {
-                        // Process non-hyphen segment
-                        // First handle soft hyphens (U+00AD)
                         if (segment.includes('\u00AD')) {
                             const partsWithMarkers = segment.split('\u00AD');
                             let runningIndex = 0;
@@ -418,23 +608,23 @@ class LineBreak {
                                 if (k < partsWithMarkers.length - 1) {
                                     items.push({
                                         type: ItemType.DISCRETIONARY,
-                                        width: 0, // No width in normal flow
-                                        preBreak: '-', // Hyphen appears before break
-                                        postBreak: '', // Nothing after break
-                                        noBreak: '', // Nothing if no break (word continues)
+                                        width: 0,
+                                        preBreak: '-',
+                                        postBreak: '',
+                                        noBreak: '',
                                         preBreakWidth: measureText('-'),
                                         penalty: context?.hyphenPenalty ?? DEFAULT_HYPHEN_PENALTY,
                                         flagged: true,
                                         text: '',
                                         originIndex: segmentIndex + runningIndex
                                     });
-                                    runningIndex += 1; // Account for the soft hyphen character
+                                    runningIndex += 1;
                                 }
                             }
                         }
                         else if (hyphenate &&
-                            segment.length >= lefthyphenmin + righthyphenmin) {
-                            // Apply hyphenation patterns only to segments between explicit hyphens
+                            segment.length >= lefthyphenmin + righthyphenmin &&
+                            /^\p{L}+$/u.test(segment)) {
                             const hyphenPoints = LineBreak.findHyphenationPoints(segment, language, availablePatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin);
                             if (hyphenPoints.length > 0) {
                                 let lastPoint = 0;
@@ -448,10 +638,10 @@ class LineBreak {
                                     });
                                     items.push({
                                         type: ItemType.DISCRETIONARY,
-                                        width: 0, // No width in normal flow
-                                        preBreak: '-', // Hyphen appears before break
-                                        postBreak: '', // Nothing after break
-                                        noBreak: '', // Nothing if no break (word continues)
+                                        width: 0,
+                                        preBreak: '-',
+                                        postBreak: '',
+                                        noBreak: '',
                                         preBreakWidth: measureText('-'),
                                         penalty: context?.hyphenPenalty ?? DEFAULT_HYPHEN_PENALTY,
                                         flagged: true,
@@ -469,7 +659,6 @@ class LineBreak {
                                 });
                             }
                             else {
-                                // No hyphenation points, add as single box
                                 items.push({
                                     type: ItemType.BOX,
                                     width: measureText(segment),
@@ -479,7 +668,6 @@ class LineBreak {
                             }
                         }
                         else {
-                            // No hyphenation, add as single box
                             items.push({
                                 type: ItemType.BOX,
                                 width: measureText(segment),
@@ -495,27 +683,22 @@ class LineBreak {
         }
         return items;
     }
-    // Detect if breakpoints create problematic single-word lines
-    static hasSingleWordLines(items, breakpoints, lineWidth) {
+    // Detect if breakpoints create problematic short lines
+    static hasShortLines(items, breakpoints, lineWidth, threshold) {
         // Check each line segment (except the last, which can naturally be short)
         let lineStart = 0;
         for (let i = 0; i < breakpoints.length - 1; i++) {
             const breakpoint = breakpoints[i];
-            // Count glue items (spaces) between line start and breakpoint
-            let glueCount = 0;
             let totalWidth = 0;
             for (let j = lineStart; j < breakpoint; j++) {
-                if (items[j].type === ItemType.GLUE) {
-                    glueCount++;
-                }
                 if (items[j].type !== ItemType.PENALTY) {
                     totalWidth += items[j].width;
                 }
             }
-            // Single word line = no glue items
-            if (glueCount === 0 && totalWidth > 0) {
+            // Check if line is narrow relative to target width
+            if (totalWidth > 0) {
                 const widthRatio = totalWidth / lineWidth;
-                if (widthRatio < SINGLE_WORD_WIDTH_THRESHOLD) {
+                if (widthRatio < threshold) {
                     return true;
                 }
             }
@@ -530,7 +713,7 @@ class LineBreak {
             align: options.align || 'left',
             hyphenate: options.hyphenate || false
         });
-        const { text, width, align = 'left', direction = 'ltr', hyphenate = false, language = 'en-us', respectExistingBreaks = true, measureText, hyphenationPatterns, unitsPerEm, tolerance = DEFAULT_TOLERANCE, pretolerance = DEFAULT_PRETOLERANCE, emergencyStretch = DEFAULT_EMERGENCY_STRETCH, autoEmergencyStretch, lefthyphenmin = DEFAULT_LEFT_HYPHEN_MIN, righthyphenmin = DEFAULT_RIGHT_HYPHEN_MIN, linepenalty = DEFAULT_LINE_PENALTY, adjdemerits = DEFAULT_FITNESS_DIFF_DEMERITS, hyphenpenalty = DEFAULT_HYPHEN_PENALTY, exhyphenpenalty = DEFAULT_EX_HYPHEN_PENALTY, doublehyphendemerits = DEFAULT_DOUBLE_HYPHEN_DEMERITS, looseness = 0, disableSingleWordDetection = false } = options;
+        const { text, width, align = 'left', direction = 'ltr', hyphenate = false, language = 'en-us', respectExistingBreaks = true, measureText, hyphenationPatterns, unitsPerEm, tolerance = DEFAULT_TOLERANCE, pretolerance = DEFAULT_PRETOLERANCE, emergencyStretch = DEFAULT_EMERGENCY_STRETCH, autoEmergencyStretch, lefthyphenmin = DEFAULT_LEFT_HYPHEN_MIN, righthyphenmin = DEFAULT_RIGHT_HYPHEN_MIN, linepenalty = DEFAULT_LINE_PENALTY, adjdemerits = DEFAULT_FITNESS_DIFF_DEMERITS, hyphenpenalty = DEFAULT_HYPHEN_PENALTY, exhyphenpenalty = DEFAULT_EX_HYPHEN_PENALTY, doublehyphendemerits = DEFAULT_DOUBLE_HYPHEN_DEMERITS, looseness = 0, disableShortLineDetection = false, shortLineThreshold = SHORT_LINE_WIDTH_THRESHOLD } = options;
         // Handle multiple paragraphs by processing each independently
         if (respectExistingBreaks && text.includes('\n')) {
             const paragraphs = text.split('\n');
@@ -609,56 +792,50 @@ class LineBreak {
                 }
             ];
         }
-        // Itemize text once, including all potential hyphenation points
-        const allItems = LineBreak.itemizeText(text, measureText, useHyphenation, language, hyphenationPatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, context);
+        // Itemize without hyphenation first (TeX approach: only compute if needed)
+        const allItems = LineBreak.itemizeText(text, measureText, false, language, hyphenationPatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, context);
         if (allItems.length === 0) {
             return [];
         }
-        // Iteratively increase emergency stretch to eliminate short single-word lines.
-        // Post-processing approach preserves TeX algorithm integrity while itemization
-        // (the expensive part) happens once
         const MAX_ITERATIONS = 5;
         let iteration = 0;
         let currentEmergencyStretch = initialEmergencyStretch;
         let resultLines = null;
-        const singleWordDetectionEnabled = !disableSingleWordDetection;
+        const shortLineDetectionEnabled = !disableShortLineDetection;
         while (iteration < MAX_ITERATIONS) {
-            // Three-pass approach for optimal line breaking:
-            // First pass: Try without hyphenation using pretolerance (fast)
-            // Second pass: Enable hyphenation if available, use tolerance (quality)
-            // Final pass: Emergency stretch for difficult paragraphs (last resort)
+            // Three-pass approach matching TeX:
+            // First pass: without hyphenation (pretolerance)
+            // Second pass: with hyphenation, only if first pass fails (tolerance)
+            // Emergency pass: additional stretch as last resort
             // First pass: no hyphenation
-            let currentItems = useHyphenation
-                ? allItems.filter((item) => item.type !== ItemType.DISCRETIONARY ||
-                    item.penalty !==
-                        (context?.hyphenPenalty ?? DEFAULT_HYPHEN_PENALTY))
-                : allItems;
+            let currentItems = allItems;
             let breaks = LineBreak.findBreakpoints(currentItems, width, pretolerance, looseness, false, 0, context);
-            // Second pass: with hyphenation
+            // Second pass: with hyphenation if first pass failed
             if (breaks.length === 0 && useHyphenation) {
-                currentItems = allItems;
+                const itemsWithHyphenation = LineBreak.itemizeText(text, measureText, true, language, hyphenationPatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, context);
+                currentItems = itemsWithHyphenation;
                 breaks = LineBreak.findBreakpoints(currentItems, width, tolerance, looseness, false, 0, context);
             }
-            // Final pass: emergency stretch
+            // Emergency pass: add emergency stretch to background stretchability
             if (breaks.length === 0) {
-                currentItems = allItems;
-                breaks = LineBreak.findBreakpoints(currentItems, width, INF_BAD + 1, looseness, true, currentEmergencyStretch, context);
+                // For first emergency attempt, use initialEmergencyStretch
+                // For subsequent iterations (short line detection), progressively increase
+                currentEmergencyStretch = initialEmergencyStretch + (iteration * width * SHORT_LINE_EMERGENCY_STRETCH_INCREMENT);
+                breaks = LineBreak.findBreakpoints(currentItems, width, tolerance, looseness, true, currentEmergencyStretch, context);
             }
-            // Force with infinite tolerance if still no breaks found
+            // Last resort: allow higher badness (but not infinite)
             if (breaks.length === 0) {
-                breaks = LineBreak.findBreakpoints(currentItems, width, Infinity, looseness, true, currentEmergencyStretch, context);
+                breaks = LineBreak.findBreakpoints(currentItems, width, INF_BAD, looseness, true, currentEmergencyStretch, context);
             }
             // Create lines from breaks
             if (breaks.length > 0) {
                 const cumulativeWidths = LineBreak.computeCumulativeWidths(currentItems);
                 resultLines = LineBreak.createLines(text, currentItems, breaks, width, align, direction, cumulativeWidths, context);
-                // Check for single-word lines if detection is enabled
-                if (singleWordDetectionEnabled &&
+                // Check for short lines if detection is enabled
+                if (shortLineDetectionEnabled &&
                     breaks.length > 1 &&
-                    LineBreak.hasSingleWordLines(currentItems, breaks, width)) {
-                    // Increase emergency stretch and try again
-                    currentEmergencyStretch +=
-                        width * SINGLE_WORD_EMERGENCY_STRETCH_INCREMENT;
+                    LineBreak.hasShortLines(currentItems, breaks, width, shortLineThreshold)) {
+                    // Retry with more emergency stretch to push words to next line
                     iteration++;
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -690,11 +867,12 @@ class LineBreak {
     threshold = Infinity, // maximum badness allowed for a break
     looseness = 0, // desired line count adjustment
     isFinalPass = false, // whether this is the final pass
-    emergencyStretch = 0, // emergency stretch added to background stretchability
+    backgroundStretch = 0, // additional stretchability for all glue (emergency stretch)
     context) {
         // Pre-compute cumulative widths for fast range queries
         const cumulativeWidths = LineBreak.computeCumulativeWidths(items);
         const activeNodes = new ActiveNodeList();
+        const minimumDemerits = { value: Infinity };
         activeNodes.insert({
             position: 0,
             line: 0,
@@ -708,16 +886,16 @@ class LineBreak {
             const item = items[i];
             if (item.type === ItemType.PENALTY &&
                 item.penalty < Infinity) {
-                LineBreak.considerBreak(items, activeNodes, i, lineWidth, threshold, emergencyStretch, cumulativeWidths, context);
+                LineBreak.considerBreak(items, activeNodes, i, lineWidth, threshold, backgroundStretch, cumulativeWidths, context, isFinalPass, minimumDemerits);
             }
             if (item.type === ItemType.DISCRETIONARY &&
                 item.penalty < Infinity) {
-                LineBreak.considerBreak(items, activeNodes, i, lineWidth, threshold, emergencyStretch, cumulativeWidths, context);
+                LineBreak.considerBreak(items, activeNodes, i, lineWidth, threshold, backgroundStretch, cumulativeWidths, context, isFinalPass, minimumDemerits);
             }
             if (item.type === ItemType.GLUE &&
                 i > 0 &&
                 items[i - 1].type === ItemType.BOX) {
-                LineBreak.considerBreak(items, activeNodes, i, lineWidth, threshold, emergencyStretch, cumulativeWidths, context);
+                LineBreak.considerBreak(items, activeNodes, i, lineWidth, threshold, backgroundStretch, cumulativeWidths, context, isFinalPass, minimumDemerits);
             }
             LineBreak.deactivateNodes(activeNodes, i, lineWidth, cumulativeWidths.minWidths);
         }
@@ -784,7 +962,7 @@ class LineBreak {
         }
         return breakpoints;
     }
-    static considerBreak(items, activeNodes, breakpoint, lineWidth, threshold = Infinity, emergencyStretch = 0, cumulativeWidths, context) {
+    static considerBreak(items, activeNodes, breakpoint, lineWidth, threshold = Infinity, backgroundStretch = 0, cumulativeWidths, context, isFinalPass = false, minimumDemerits = { value: Infinity }) {
         const penalty = items[breakpoint].type === ItemType.PENALTY
             ? items[breakpoint].penalty
             : 0;
@@ -796,11 +974,11 @@ class LineBreak {
                 continue;
             const adjustmentData = LineBreak.computeAdjustmentRatio(items, node.position, breakpoint, node.line, lineWidth, cumulativeWidths, context);
             const { ratio: r, adjustment, stretch, shrink, totalWidth } = adjustmentData;
-            // Calculate badness according to TeX formula
+            // Calculate badness
             let badness;
             if (adjustment > 0) {
-                // Add emergency stretch to the background stretchability
-                const effectiveStretch = stretch + emergencyStretch;
+                // backgroundStretch includes emergency stretch if in emergency pass
+                const effectiveStretch = stretch + backgroundStretch;
                 if (effectiveStretch <= 0) {
                     // Overfull box - badness is infinite + 1
                     badness = INF_BAD + 1;
@@ -825,26 +1003,32 @@ class LineBreak {
             else {
                 badness = 0;
             }
-            if (!isForcedBreak && r < -1) {
-                // Too tight, skip unless forced
-                continue;
+            // Artificial demerits: in final pass with no feasible solution yet
+            // and only one active node left, force this break as a last resort
+            const isLastResort = isFinalPass &&
+                minimumDemerits.value === Infinity &&
+                allActiveNodes.length === 1 &&
+                node.active;
+            if (!isForcedBreak && !isLastResort && r < -1) {
+                continue; // too tight
             }
             const fitnessClass = LineBreak.computeFitnessClass(badness, adjustment > 0);
-            if (!isForcedBreak && badness > threshold) {
+            if (!isForcedBreak && !isLastResort && badness > threshold) {
                 continue;
             }
-            // Initialize demerits based on TeX formula with saturation check
+            // Initialize demerits with saturation check
             let flaggedDemerits = 0;
             let fitnessDemerits = 0;
             const configuredLinePenalty = context?.linePenalty ?? 0;
             let d = configuredLinePenalty + badness;
             let demerits = Math.abs(d) >= 10000 ? 100000000 : d * d;
+            const artificialDemerits = isLastResort;
             const breakpointPenalty = items[breakpoint].type === ItemType.PENALTY
                 ? items[breakpoint].penalty
                 : items[breakpoint].type === ItemType.DISCRETIONARY
                     ? items[breakpoint].penalty
                     : 0;
-            // TeX penalty handling: pi != 0 check, then positive/negative logic
+            // Penalty contribution to demerits
             if (breakpointPenalty !== 0) {
                 if (breakpointPenalty > 0) {
                     demerits += breakpointPenalty * breakpointPenalty;
@@ -870,10 +1054,13 @@ class LineBreak {
                 fitnessDemerits = context?.adjDemerits ?? 0;
                 demerits += fitnessDemerits;
             }
-            if (isForcedBreak) {
+            if (isForcedBreak || artificialDemerits) {
                 demerits = 0;
             }
             const totalDemerits = node.totalDemerits + demerits;
+            if (totalDemerits < minimumDemerits.value) {
+                minimumDemerits.value = totalDemerits;
+            }
             let existingNode = activeNodes.findExisting(breakpoint, fitnessClass);
             if (existingNode) {
                 if (totalDemerits < existingNode.totalDemerits) {
@@ -992,6 +1179,8 @@ class LineBreak {
             const item = items[i];
             widths[i + 1] = widths[i] + item.width;
             if (item.type === ItemType.PENALTY) {
+                stretches[i + 1] = stretches[i];
+                shrinks[i + 1] = shrinks[i];
                 minWidths[i + 1] = minWidths[i];
             }
             else if (item.type === ItemType.GLUE) {
@@ -1009,7 +1198,6 @@ class LineBreak {
         return { widths, stretches, shrinks, minWidths };
     }
     // Deactivate nodes that can't lead to good line breaks
-    // TeX recalculates minWidth each time, we use cumulative arrays for lookup
     static deactivateNodes(activeNodeList, currentPosition, lineWidth, minWidths) {
         const activeNodes = activeNodeList.getAllActive();
         for (let i = activeNodes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
@@ -1214,8 +1402,8 @@ function convertFontFeaturesToString(features) {
 
 class TextMeasurer {
     // Measures text width including letter spacing
-    // Letter spacing is added uniformly after each glyph during measurement,
-    // so the widths given to the line-breaking algorithm already account for tracking
+    // (letter spacing is added uniformly after each glyph during measurement,
+    // so the widths given to the line-breaking algorithm already account for tracking)
     static measureTextWidth(loadedFont, text, letterSpacing = 0) {
         const buffer = loadedFont.hb.createBuffer();
         buffer.addText(text);
@@ -1242,7 +1430,7 @@ class TextLayout {
         this.loadedFont = loadedFont;
     }
     computeLines(options) {
-        const { text, width, align, direction, hyphenate, language, respectExistingBreaks, tolerance, pretolerance, emergencyStretch, autoEmergencyStretch, hyphenationPatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, linepenalty, adjdemerits, hyphenpenalty, exhyphenpenalty, doublehyphendemerits, looseness, disableSingleWordDetection, letterSpacing } = options;
+        const { text, width, align, direction, hyphenate, language, respectExistingBreaks, tolerance, pretolerance, emergencyStretch, autoEmergencyStretch, hyphenationPatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, linepenalty, adjdemerits, hyphenpenalty, exhyphenpenalty, doublehyphendemerits, looseness, disableShortLineDetection, shortLineThreshold, letterSpacing } = options;
         let lines;
         if (width) {
             // Line breaking uses a measureText function that already includes letterSpacing,
@@ -1268,7 +1456,8 @@ class TextLayout {
                 exhyphenpenalty,
                 doublehyphendemerits,
                 looseness,
-                disableSingleWordDetection,
+                disableShortLineDetection,
+                shortLineThreshold,
                 unitsPerEm: this.loadedFont.upem,
                 measureText: (textToMeasure) => TextMeasurer.measureTextWidth(this.loadedFont, textToMeasure, letterSpacing // Letter spacing included in width measurements
                 )
@@ -3536,10 +3725,11 @@ class LRUCache {
     }
 }
 
+const CONTOUR_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES = 1000;
+const WORD_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES = 1000;
 class GlyphGeometryBuilder {
     constructor(cache, loadedFont) {
         this.fontId = 'default';
-        this.wordCache = new Map();
         this.cache = cache;
         this.loadedFont = loadedFont;
         this.tessellator = new Tessellator();
@@ -3549,7 +3739,7 @@ class GlyphGeometryBuilder {
         this.drawCallbacks = new DrawCallbackHandler();
         this.drawCallbacks.createDrawFuncs(this.loadedFont, this.collector);
         this.contourCache = new LRUCache({
-            maxEntries: 1000,
+            maxEntries: CONTOUR_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES,
             calculateSize: (contours) => {
                 let size = 0;
                 for (const path of contours.paths) {
@@ -3558,6 +3748,15 @@ class GlyphGeometryBuilder {
                 return size + 64; // bounds overhead
             }
         });
+        this.wordCache = new LRUCache({
+            maxEntries: WORD_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES,
+            calculateSize: (data) => {
+                let size = data.vertices.length * 4;
+                size += data.normals.length * 4;
+                size += data.indices.length * data.indices.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+                return size;
+            }
+        });
     }
     getOptimizationStats() {
         return this.collector.getOptimizationStats();
@@ -3847,9 +4046,10 @@ class TextShaper {
         let currentClusterText = '';
         let clusterStartPosition = new Vec3();
         let cursor = new Vec3(lineInfo.xOffset, -lineIndex * scaledLineHeight, 0);
-        // Apply letter spacing between glyphs (must match what was used in width measurements)
+        // Apply letter spacing after each glyph to match width measurements used during line breaking
         const letterSpacingFU = letterSpacing * this.loadedFont.upem;
         const spaceAdjustment = this.calculateSpaceAdjustment(lineInfo, align, letterSpacing);
+        const cjkAdjustment = this.calculateCJKAdjustment(lineInfo, align);
         for (let i = 0; i < glyphInfos.length; i++) {
             const glyph = glyphInfos[i];
             const isWhitespace = /\s/.test(lineInfo.text[glyph.cl]);
@@ -3895,6 +4095,29 @@ class TextShaper {
             if (isWhitespace) {
                 cursor.x += spaceAdjustment;
             }
+            // CJK glue adjustment (must match exactly where LineBreak adds glue)
+            if (cjkAdjustment !== 0 && i < glyphInfos.length - 1 && !isWhitespace) {
+                const currentChar = lineInfo.text[glyph.cl];
+                const nextGlyph = glyphInfos[i + 1];
+                const nextChar = lineInfo.text[nextGlyph.cl];
+                const isCJKChar = LineBreak.isCJK(currentChar);
+                const nextIsCJKChar = nextChar && LineBreak.isCJK(nextChar);
+                if (isCJKChar && nextIsCJKChar) {
+                    let shouldApply = true;
+                    if (LineBreak.isCJClosingPunctuation(nextChar)) {
+                        shouldApply = false;
+                    }
+                    if (LineBreak.isCJOpeningPunctuation(currentChar)) {
+                        shouldApply = false;
+                    }
+                    if (LineBreak.isCJPunctuation(currentChar) && LineBreak.isCJPunctuation(nextChar)) {
+                        shouldApply = false;
+                    }
+                    if (shouldApply) {
+                        cursor.x += cjkAdjustment;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
         if (currentClusterGlyphs.length > 0) {
             clusters.push({
@@ -3927,6 +4150,23 @@ class TextShaper {
         }
         return spaceAdjustment;
     }
+    calculateCJKAdjustment(lineInfo, align) {
+        if (lineInfo.adjustmentRatio === undefined ||
+            align !== 'justify' ||
+            lineInfo.isLastLine) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        const baseCharWidth = this.loadedFont.upem;
+        const glueStretch = baseCharWidth * 0.04;
+        const glueShrink = baseCharWidth * 0.04;
+        if (lineInfo.adjustmentRatio > 0) {
+            return lineInfo.adjustmentRatio * glueStretch;
+        }
+        else if (lineInfo.adjustmentRatio < 0) {
+            return lineInfo.adjustmentRatio * glueShrink;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
     clearCache() {
         this.geometryBuilder.clearCache();
     }
@@ -4844,6 +5084,54 @@ class Text {
         if (!Text.hbInitPromise) {
             Text.hbInitPromise = HarfBuzzLoader.getHarfBuzz();
         }
+        const loadedFont = await Text.resolveFont(options);
+        const text = new Text({ maxCacheSizeMB: options.maxCacheSizeMB });
+        text.setLoadedFont(loadedFont);
+        // Initial creation
+        const { font, maxCacheSizeMB, ...geometryOptions } = options;
+        const result = await text.createGeometry(geometryOptions);
+        // Recursive update function
+        const update = async (newOptions) => {
+            // Merge options - preserve font from original options if not provided
+            const mergedOptions = { ...options };
+            for (const key in newOptions) {
+                const value = newOptions[key];
+                if (value !== undefined) {
+                    mergedOptions[key] = value;
+                }
+            }
+            // If font definition or configuration changed, reload font and reset helpers
+            if (newOptions.font !== undefined ||
+                newOptions.fontVariations !== undefined ||
+                newOptions.fontFeatures !== undefined) {
+                const newLoadedFont = await Text.resolveFont(mergedOptions);
+                text.setLoadedFont(newLoadedFont);
+                // Reset geometry builder and shaper to use new font
+                text.resetHelpers();
+            }
+            // Update closure options for next time
+            options = mergedOptions;
+            const { font, maxCacheSizeMB, ...currentGeometryOptions } = options;
+            const newResult = await text.createGeometry(currentGeometryOptions);
+            return {
+                ...newResult,
+                getLoadedFont: () => text.getLoadedFont(),
+                getCacheStatistics: () => text.getCacheStatistics(),
+                clearCache: () => text.clearCache(),
+                measureTextWidth: (textString, letterSpacing) => text.measureTextWidth(textString, letterSpacing),
+                update
+            };
+        };
+        return {
+            ...result,
+            getLoadedFont: () => text.getLoadedFont(),
+            getCacheStatistics: () => text.getCacheStatistics(),
+            clearCache: () => text.clearCache(),
+            measureTextWidth: (textString, letterSpacing) => text.measureTextWidth(textString, letterSpacing),
+            update
+        };
+    }
+    static async resolveFont(options) {
         const baseFontKey = typeof options.font === 'string'
             ? options.font
             : `buffer-${Text.generateFontContentHash(options.font)}`;
@@ -4858,17 +5146,7 @@ class Text {
         if (!loadedFont) {
             loadedFont = await Text.loadAndCacheFont(fontKey, options.font, options.fontVariations, options.fontFeatures);
         }
-        const text = new Text({ maxCacheSizeMB: options.maxCacheSizeMB });
-        text.setLoadedFont(loadedFont);
-        const { font, maxCacheSizeMB, ...geometryOptions } = options;
-        const result = await text.createGeometry(geometryOptions);
-        return {
-            ...result,
-            getLoadedFont: () => text.getLoadedFont(),
-            getCacheStatistics: () => text.getCacheStatistics(),
-            clearCache: () => text.clearCache(),
-            measureTextWidth: (textString, letterSpacing) => text.measureTextWidth(textString, letterSpacing)
-        };
+        return loadedFont;
     }
     static async loadAndCacheFont(fontKey, font, fontVariations, fontFeatures) {
         const tempText = new Text();
@@ -5044,7 +5322,7 @@ class Text {
             throw new Error('Font not loaded. Use Text.create() with a font option');
         }
         const { text, size = 72, depth = 0, lineHeight = 1.0, letterSpacing = 0, layout = {} } = options;
-        const { width, direction = 'ltr', align = direction === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left', respectExistingBreaks = true, hyphenate = true, language = 'en-us', tolerance = DEFAULT_TOLERANCE, pretolerance = DEFAULT_PRETOLERANCE, emergencyStretch = DEFAULT_EMERGENCY_STRETCH, autoEmergencyStretch, hyphenationPatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, linepenalty, adjdemerits, hyphenpenalty, exhyphenpenalty, doublehyphendemerits, looseness, disableSingleWordDetection } = layout;
+        const { width, direction = 'ltr', align = direction === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left', respectExistingBreaks = true, hyphenate = true, language = 'en-us', tolerance = DEFAULT_TOLERANCE, pretolerance = DEFAULT_PRETOLERANCE, emergencyStretch = DEFAULT_EMERGENCY_STRETCH, autoEmergencyStretch, hyphenationPatterns, lefthyphenmin, righthyphenmin, linepenalty, adjdemerits, hyphenpenalty, exhyphenpenalty, doublehyphendemerits, looseness, disableShortLineDetection, shortLineThreshold } = layout;
         let widthInFontUnits;
         if (width !== undefined) {
             widthInFontUnits = width * (this.loadedFont.upem / size);
@@ -5074,7 +5352,8 @@ class Text {
             exhyphenpenalty,
             doublehyphendemerits,
             looseness,
-            disableSingleWordDetection,
+            disableShortLineDetection,
+            shortLineThreshold,
             letterSpacing
         });
         const metrics = FontMetadataExtractor.getVerticalMetrics(this.loadedFont.metrics);
@@ -5325,6 +5604,11 @@ class Text {
             glyphLineIndex: glyphLineIndices
         };
     }
+    resetHelpers() {
+        this.geometryBuilder = undefined;
+        this.textShaper = undefined;
+        this.textLayout = undefined;
+    }
     destroy() {
         if (!this.loadedFont) {
             return;