three-gpu-pathtracer 0.0.26 → 0.0.28

package/src/webgpu/WaveFrontPathTracer.js

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import { LogicKernel } from './compute/wavefront/LogicKernel.js';
 import { MaterialKernel } from './compute/wavefront/MaterialKernel.js';
 import { TraceRayKernel } from './compute/wavefront/TraceRayKernel.js';
 import { TraceShadowRayKernel } from './compute/wavefront/TraceShadowRayKernel.js';
+import { MediumKernel } from './compute/wavefront/MediumKernel.js';
+import { QueueMediumWalksKernel } from './compute/wavefront/QueueMediumWalksKernel.js';
 import { QueueLengthToDispatchKernel } from './compute/wavefront/QueueLengthToDispatchKernel.js';
 import { ResetSlotsKernel } from './compute/wavefront/ResetSlotsKernel.js';
 import { ZeroOutBufferKernel } from './compute/ZeroOutBufferKernel.js';
@@ -11,7 +13,11 @@ import { CopyBufferKernel } from './compute/CopyBufferKernel.js';
 import { EquirectHdrInfoNode } from './EquirectHdrInfoNode.js';
 import { EquirectBackgroundInfo } from './EquirectBackgroundInfo.js';
 import { LightsInfoNode } from './LightsInfoNode.js';
-import { rayDataStruct, traceQueuedRayStruct, intersectionResultStruct, rayQueueStruct, pixelQueueStruct } from './compute/wavefront/structs.js';
+import {
+	rayDataStruct, traceQueuedRayStruct, intersectionResultStruct, shadowTraceResultStruct,
+	RAY_QUEUE_LENGTH, SHADOW_RAY_QUEUE_LENGTH, QUEUE_COUNTER_COUNT, PIXEL_QUEUE_HEADER,
+	MEDIUM_QUEUE_LENGTH, MEDIUM_QUEUE_HEADER,
+} from './compute/wavefront/structs.js';
 import { PathTracerBackend } from './PathTracerBackend.js';
 import { FILTER_GLOSSY_DISABLED } from './nodes/material.wgsl.js';
 import {
@@ -44,6 +50,10 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 
 		// options
 		this.seed = 0;
+
+		// scatter events a medium walk takes per pass
+		this.mediumStepsPerPass = 16;
+
 		this.envInfo = new EquirectHdrInfoNode();
 		this.backgroundInfo = new EquirectBackgroundInfo();
 		this.lightsInfo = new LightsInfoNode();
@@ -56,14 +66,20 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 		// persistent per-path state, one slot per in-flight path
 		this.rayDataStorage = null;
 
-		// append-only trace queues, prefixed by an atomic length header
+		// append-only trace queues, with their lengths in the counters buffer
 		this.rayQueue = null;
 		this.shadowRayQueue = null;
+		this.queueCounters = new StorageBufferAttribute( new Uint32Array( QUEUE_COUNTER_COUNT ), 1 );
+		this.queueCounters.name = 'Queue Counters';
 
-		// per-queue-slot trace results, indexed by the ray's position in its queue
+		// per-queue-slot trace results, indexed by the ray's position in its queue. The ray results also
+		// hold the hits of medium walks, filled from the back
 		this.rayIntersectionsStorage = null;
 		this.shadowRayIntersectionsStorage = null;
 
+		// the slots walking a medium this pass
+		this.mediumQueue = null;
+
 		// pixel indices waiting for a free path slot, sized to the resolution
 		this.pixelQueue = null;
 
@@ -78,8 +94,11 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 		this.materialKernel = new MaterialKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 64, 1, 1 );
 		this.traceRayKernel = new TraceRayKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 64, 1, 1 );
 		this.traceShadowRayKernel = new TraceShadowRayKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 64, 1, 1 );
-		this.rayDispatchConverter = new QueueLengthToDispatchKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 1, 1, 1 );
-		this.shadowDispatchConverter = new QueueLengthToDispatchKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 1, 1, 1 );
+		this.mediumKernel = new MediumKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 64, 1, 1 );
+		this.queueMediumWalksKernel = new QueueMediumWalksKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 64, 1, 1 );
+		this.rayDispatchConverter = new QueueLengthToDispatchKernel( RAY_QUEUE_LENGTH ).setWorkgroupSize( 1, 1, 1 );
+		this.shadowDispatchConverter = new QueueLengthToDispatchKernel( SHADOW_RAY_QUEUE_LENGTH ).setWorkgroupSize( 1, 1, 1 );
+		this.mediumDispatchConverter = new QueueLengthToDispatchKernel( MEDIUM_QUEUE_LENGTH ).setWorkgroupSize( 1, 1, 1 );
 		this.primeSampleCountersKernel = new PrimeSampleCountersKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 1, 1, 1 );
 		this.tallySampleCountsKernel = new TallySampleCountsKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 8, 8, 1 );
 
@@ -95,9 +114,6 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 		// clear kernels
 		this.zeroDispatchKernel = new ZeroOutBufferKernel().setWorkgroupSize( 1, 1, 1 );
 
-		// later
-		this.volumeKernel = null;
-
 	}
 
 	resetSeed() {
@@ -115,15 +131,18 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 
 	setBVHData( bvhData ) {
 
-		this.materialKernel.bvhData = bvhData;
+		this.materialKernel.context.bvhData = bvhData;
 		this.materialKernel.needsUpdate = true;
 
-		this.traceRayKernel.bvhData = bvhData;
+		this.traceRayKernel.context.bvhData = bvhData;
 		this.traceRayKernel.needsUpdate = true;
 
-		this.traceShadowRayKernel.bvhData = bvhData;
+		this.traceShadowRayKernel.context.bvhData = bvhData;
 		this.traceShadowRayKernel.needsUpdate = true;
 
+		this.mediumKernel.context.bvhData = bvhData;
+		this.mediumKernel.needsUpdate = true;
+
 		this.reset();
 
 	}
@@ -152,6 +171,9 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 		this.traceShadowRayKernel.context.random = random;
 		this.traceShadowRayKernel.needsUpdate = true;
 
+		this.mediumKernel.context.random = random;
+		this.mediumKernel.needsUpdate = true;
+
 		this.reset();
 
 	}
@@ -248,14 +270,33 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 		this.rayDataStorage?.dispose();
 		this.rayQueue?.dispose();
 		this.shadowRayQueue?.dispose();
+		this.queueCounters.dispose();
 		this.rayIntersectionsStorage?.dispose();
 		this.shadowRayIntersectionsStorage?.dispose();
+		this.mediumQueue?.dispose();
 		this.sampleCountersStorage.dispose();
 		this.pixelQueue?.dispose();
 
 		// TODO: the dispatch converters own their indirect dispatch buffers, they should dispose of them themselves
 		this.rayDispatchConverter.outputDispatch.dispose();
 		this.shadowDispatchConverter.outputDispatch.dispose();
+		this.mediumDispatchConverter.outputDispatch.dispose();
+
+		this.populatePixelIndicesKernel.dispose();
+		this.logicKernel.dispose();
+		this.materialKernel.dispose();
+		this.traceRayKernel.dispose();
+		this.traceShadowRayKernel.dispose();
+		this.mediumKernel.dispose();
+		this.queueMediumWalksKernel.dispose();
+		this.rayDispatchConverter.dispose();
+		this.shadowDispatchConverter.dispose();
+		this.mediumDispatchConverter.dispose();
+		this.primeSampleCountersKernel.dispose();
+		this.tallySampleCountsKernel.dispose();
+		this.resetSlotsKernel.dispose();
+		this.copyRayDataKernel.dispose();
+		this.zeroDispatchKernel.dispose();
 
 	}
 
@@ -263,67 +304,73 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 	// retired by a shrink can always return theirs.
 	_updatePixelQueue( width, height ) {
 
-		const size = pixelQueueStruct.getLength() + Math.max( width * height, 1 );
+		const size = PIXEL_QUEUE_HEADER + Math.max( width * height, 1 );
 		if ( ! this.pixelQueue || this.pixelQueue.array.length < size ) {
 
 			this.pixelQueue?.dispose();
 			this.pixelQueue = new StorageBufferAttribute( new Float32Array( size ), size );
 			this.pixelQueue.name = 'Pixel Queue';
 
-			// the queue buffer object changed, so kernels bound to it must rebuild
+			// three rebinds a swapped buffer, so the kernels keep their compiled pipelines
 			this.materialKernel.pixelQueue = this.pixelQueue;
-			this.materialKernel.needsUpdate = true;
 			this.populatePixelIndicesKernel.pixelQueue = this.pixelQueue;
-			this.populatePixelIndicesKernel.needsUpdate = true;
 			this.resetSlotsKernel.pixelQueue = this.pixelQueue;
-			this.resetSlotsKernel.needsUpdate = true;
 
 		}
 
 	}
 
 	// Reallocates the per slot buffers to "count" slots. Slots that survive carry their ray data
-	// over, dropped slots return their pixel to the queue, and added slots take one from it. The
-	// trace queues and results only live within a frame, so they start empty.
-	_resizePool( count ) {
+	// over, dropped slots return their pixel to the queue, and added slots take one from it. Only
+	// the slots in use, up to the pixel count, hold pixels. The trace queues and results only live
+	// within a frame, so they start empty.
+	_resizePool( count, pixelCount ) {
 
-		const { renderer, resetSlotsKernel, copyRayDataKernel } = this;
+		const { resetSlotsKernel, copyRayDataKernel } = this;
 		const previousCount = this.rayCount;
+		const previousActive = Math.min( previousCount, pixelCount );
+		const active = Math.min( count, pixelCount );
 
 		resetSlotsKernel.pixelQueue = this.pixelQueue;
-		if ( count < previousCount ) {
+		if ( active < previousActive ) {
 
 			resetSlotsKernel.rayDataStorage = this.rayDataStorage;
-			resetSlotsKernel.start = count;
-			resetSlotsKernel.end = previousCount;
+			resetSlotsKernel.start = active;
+			resetSlotsKernel.end = previousActive;
 			resetSlotsKernel.addingSlots = false;
-			renderer.compute( resetSlotsKernel.kernel, resetSlotsKernel.getDispatchSize( previousCount - count, 1, 1 ) );
+			this.dispatch( resetSlotsKernel, resetSlotsKernel.getDispatchSize( previousActive - active, 1, 1 ) );
 
 		}
 
 		const rayDataStorage = new StorageBufferAttribute( count, rayDataStruct.getLength() );
 		rayDataStorage.name = 'Ray Data';
 
-		const queueSize = rayQueueStruct.getLength() + count * traceQueuedRayStruct.getLength();
-		const rayQueue = new StorageBufferAttribute( new Float32Array( queueSize ), queueSize );
+		const rayQueue = new StorageBufferAttribute( count, traceQueuedRayStruct.getLength() );
 		rayQueue.name = 'Ray Queue';
 
-		const shadowRayQueue = new StorageBufferAttribute( new Float32Array( queueSize ), queueSize );
+		const shadowRayQueue = new StorageBufferAttribute( count, traceQueuedRayStruct.getLength() );
 		shadowRayQueue.name = 'Shadow Ray Queue';
 
+		// Traced rays fill the results from the front at their queue index, and MediumKernel fills them from the
+		// back with the hits of medium walks. In a round each path slot either queues one ray or walks a medium,
+		// never both, so the two ranges together never exceed the slot count and can't overlap
 		const rayIntersectionsStorage = new StorageBufferAttribute( count, intersectionResultStruct.getLength() );
 		rayIntersectionsStorage.name = 'Ray Intersections';
 
-		const shadowRayIntersectionsStorage = new StorageBufferAttribute( count, intersectionResultStruct.getLength() );
+		const shadowRayIntersectionsStorage = new StorageBufferAttribute( count, shadowTraceResultStruct.getLength() );
 		shadowRayIntersectionsStorage.name = 'Shadow Ray Intersections';
 
+		const mediumQueueSize = MEDIUM_QUEUE_HEADER + count;
+		const mediumQueue = new StorageBufferAttribute( new Uint32Array( mediumQueueSize ), mediumQueueSize );
+		mediumQueue.name = 'Medium Queue';
+
 		const copyCount = Math.min( count, previousCount );
 		if ( copyCount > 0 ) {
 
 			copyRayDataKernel.source = this.rayDataStorage;
 			copyRayDataKernel.target = rayDataStorage;
 			copyRayDataKernel.count = copyCount;
-			renderer.compute( copyRayDataKernel.kernel, copyRayDataKernel.getDispatchSize( copyCount, 1, 1 ) );
+			this.dispatch( copyRayDataKernel, copyRayDataKernel.getDispatchSize( copyCount, 1, 1 ) );
 
 		}
 
@@ -332,48 +379,56 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 		this.shadowRayQueue?.dispose();
 		this.rayIntersectionsStorage?.dispose();
 		this.shadowRayIntersectionsStorage?.dispose();
+		this.mediumQueue?.dispose();
 
 		this.rayDataStorage = rayDataStorage;
 		this.rayQueue = rayQueue;
 		this.shadowRayQueue = shadowRayQueue;
 		this.rayIntersectionsStorage = rayIntersectionsStorage;
 		this.shadowRayIntersectionsStorage = shadowRayIntersectionsStorage;
+		this.mediumQueue = mediumQueue;
 		this.rayCount = count;
 
-		// the buffer objects changed, so kernels bound to them must rebuild
-		this.logicKernel.needsUpdate = true;
-		this.materialKernel.needsUpdate = true;
-		this.traceRayKernel.needsUpdate = true;
-		this.traceShadowRayKernel.needsUpdate = true;
-		this.populatePixelIndicesKernel.needsUpdate = true;
-		this.resetSlotsKernel.needsUpdate = true;
-
-		if ( count > previousCount ) {
+		if ( active > previousActive ) {
 
 			resetSlotsKernel.rayDataStorage = rayDataStorage;
-			resetSlotsKernel.start = previousCount;
-			resetSlotsKernel.end = count;
+			resetSlotsKernel.start = previousActive;
+			resetSlotsKernel.end = active;
 			resetSlotsKernel.addingSlots = true;
-			renderer.compute( resetSlotsKernel.kernel, resetSlotsKernel.getDispatchSize( count - previousCount, 1, 1 ) );
+			this.dispatch( resetSlotsKernel, resetSlotsKernel.getDispatchSize( active - previousActive, 1, 1 ) );
 
 		}
 
 	}
 
-	// The slot count the current budget asks for, capped by the pool limit and the pixel count
-	_getRequestedSlotCount( pixelCount ) {
+	// The slot count the current budget asks for, capped by the pool limit
+	_getRequestedSlotCount() {
+
+		return Math.min( MAX_RAY_DATA_COUNT, Math.max( 1, Math.floor( this.frameBudget ) ) );
+
+	}
+
+	// a preview runs at least this many iterations so its samples finish within the frame
+	_getPreviewIterations() {
+
+		return Math.max( 1, Math.min( this.maxBounces, LOW_RES_ITERATIONS ) );
+
+	}
+
+	// a preview steps every path several times, so it covers that many fewer pixels than the budget
+	getPreviewPixelBudget() {
 
-		return Math.min( MAX_RAY_DATA_COUNT, pixelCount, Math.max( 1, Math.floor( this.frameBudget ) ) );
+		return Math.min( this.frameBudget / this._getPreviewIterations(), MAX_RAY_DATA_COUNT );
 
 	}
 
 	// Resizes the pool when the budget changes. Paths in flight past a smaller budget are dropped.
 	_applyBudget( pixelCount ) {
 
-		const requested = this._getRequestedSlotCount( pixelCount );
+		const requested = this._getRequestedSlotCount();
 		if ( requested !== this.rayCount ) {
 
-			this._resizePool( requested );
+			this._resizePool( requested, pixelCount );
 
 		}
 
@@ -389,8 +444,11 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 			materialKernel,
 			traceRayKernel,
 			traceShadowRayKernel,
+			mediumKernel,
+			queueMediumWalksKernel,
 			rayDispatchConverter,
 			shadowDispatchConverter,
+			mediumDispatchConverter,
 			zeroDispatchKernel,
 			populatePixelIndicesKernel,
 		} = this;
@@ -407,19 +465,31 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 		const pixelCount = targetDimensions.x * targetDimensions.y;
 		this._applyBudget( pixelCount );
 
-		// reset the trace queues — only the length header needs zeroing
-		zeroDispatchKernel.target = this.rayQueue;
-		renderer.compute( zeroDispatchKernel.kernel, [ 1 ] );
+		// compile the kernels before their first dispatch
+		yield* this.compileKernels( [
+			logicKernel,
+			materialKernel,
+			traceRayKernel,
+			traceShadowRayKernel,
+			mediumKernel,
+			queueMediumWalksKernel,
+			rayDispatchConverter,
+			shadowDispatchConverter,
+			mediumDispatchConverter,
+			zeroDispatchKernel,
+			populatePixelIndicesKernel,
+		] );
 
-		zeroDispatchKernel.target = this.shadowRayQueue;
-		renderer.compute( zeroDispatchKernel.kernel, [ 1 ] );
+		// reset the trace queues — only their lengths need zeroing
+		zeroDispatchKernel.target = this.queueCounters;
+		this.dispatch( zeroDispatchKernel, [ QUEUE_COUNTER_COUNT ] );
 
-		// assign every path slot a pixel and park the overflow pixels in the pixel queue
+		// assign every path slot in use a pixel and park the overflow pixels in the pixel queue
 		populatePixelIndicesKernel.rayDataStorage = this.rayDataStorage;
 		populatePixelIndicesKernel.pixelQueue = this.pixelQueue;
-		populatePixelIndicesKernel.frameBudget = this.rayCount;
+		populatePixelIndicesKernel.frameBudget = Math.min( this.rayCount, pixelCount );
 		populatePixelIndicesKernel.targetDimensions.copy( targetDimensions );
-		renderer.compute( populatePixelIndicesKernel.kernel, populatePixelIndicesKernel.getDispatchSize( targetDimensions.x, targetDimensions.y, 1 ) );
+		this.dispatch( populatePixelIndicesKernel, populatePixelIndicesKernel.getDispatchSize( targetDimensions.x, targetDimensions.y, 1 ) );
 
 		// advance the sequence once per task so each render pass starts from fresh
 		// noise unless "stableNoise" has reset it
@@ -427,9 +497,10 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 
 		while ( true ) {
 
-			// TODO: this only makes sense if we can cap the number rays per iteration to the full
-			// frame
-			const iter = this.lowResMode ? Math.min( this.maxBounces, LOW_RES_ITERATIONS ) : 1;
+			// the iterations that spend the budget over the slots in use
+			const activeSlots = Math.min( this._getRequestedSlotCount(), pixelCount );
+			const minIterations = this.lowResMode ? this._getPreviewIterations() : 1;
+			const iter = Math.max( minIterations, Math.round( this.frameBudget / activeSlots ) );
 
 			for ( let i = 0; i < iter; i ++ ) {
 
@@ -442,6 +513,8 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 				logicKernel.prevOutputTarget = this.prevOutputTarget;
 				logicKernel.outputTarget = this.outputTarget;
 				logicKernel.sampleCountTarget = this.sampleCountTarget;
+				logicKernel.auxTarget = this.auxTarget ?? this._auxPlaceholder;
+				logicKernel.accumulateAux = this.auxTarget ? 1 : 0;
 
 				// Step 1: resolve last frame's trace results — accumulate NEE / emission / env, terminate
 				// finished paths into the output, and pick the next NEE light for each live path
@@ -449,8 +522,8 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 				logicKernel.rayIntersectionsStorage = this.rayIntersectionsStorage;
 				logicKernel.shadowRayIntersectionsStorage = this.shadowRayIntersectionsStorage;
 				logicKernel.maxBounces = this.maxBounces;
-				logicKernel.rayCount = this.rayCount;
-				renderer.compute( logicKernel.kernel, logicKernel.getDispatchSize( this.rayCount, 1, 1 ) );
+				logicKernel.rayCount = Math.min( this.rayCount, pixelCount );
+				this.dispatch( logicKernel, logicKernel.getDispatchSize( logicKernel.rayCount, 1, 1 ) );
 
 				// the trace results are consumed, so only the slot state has to survive a resize
 				this._applyBudget( pixelCount );
@@ -459,23 +532,28 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 					rayDataStorage,
 					rayQueue,
 					shadowRayQueue,
+					queueCounters,
 					rayIntersectionsStorage,
 					shadowRayIntersectionsStorage,
-					rayCount,
+					mediumQueue,
 				} = this;
 
+				// slots past the pixel count never run
+				const rayCount = Math.min( this.rayCount, pixelCount );
+
 				// Step 2: reset the trace queues for this frame's population
-				zeroDispatchKernel.target = rayQueue;
-				renderer.compute( zeroDispatchKernel.kernel, [ 1 ] );
+				zeroDispatchKernel.target = queueCounters;
+				this.dispatch( zeroDispatchKernel, [ QUEUE_COUNTER_COUNT ] );
 
-				zeroDispatchKernel.target = shadowRayQueue;
-				renderer.compute( zeroDispatchKernel.kernel, [ 1 ] );
+				zeroDispatchKernel.target = mediumQueue;
+				this.dispatch( zeroDispatchKernel, [ MEDIUM_QUEUE_HEADER ] );
 
 				// Step 3: evaluate materials — spawn camera rays for freed slots, sample the bsdf, and
 				// enqueue this frame's bounce + shadow rays
 				materialKernel.rayDataStorage = rayDataStorage;
 				materialKernel.rayQueue = rayQueue;
 				materialKernel.shadowRayQueue = shadowRayQueue;
+				materialKernel.queueCounters = queueCounters;
 				materialKernel.pixelQueue = this.pixelQueue;
 				materialKernel.sampleCountTarget = this.sampleCountTarget;
 				materialKernel.seed = this.seed;
@@ -484,22 +562,42 @@ export class WaveFrontPathTracer extends PathTracerBackend {
 				materialKernel.maxTransparentBounces = maxTransparentBounces;
 				materialKernel.maxBounces = this.maxBounces;
 				materialKernel.targetDimensions.copy( targetDimensions );
-				renderer.compute( materialKernel.kernel, materialKernel.getDispatchSize( rayCount, 1, 1 ) );
+				this.dispatch( materialKernel, materialKernel.getDispatchSize( rayCount, 1, 1 ) );
 
 				// Step 4: convert the queue lengths into indirect dispatch sizes and trace
-				rayDispatchConverter.queue = rayQueue;
-				renderer.compute( rayDispatchConverter.kernel, [ 1, 1, 1 ] );
+				rayDispatchConverter.queueCounters = queueCounters;
+				this.dispatch( rayDispatchConverter, [ 1, 1, 1 ] );
 
 				traceRayKernel.rayQueue = rayQueue;
+				traceRayKernel.queueCounters = queueCounters;
 				traceRayKernel.rayIntersectionsStorage = rayIntersectionsStorage;
-				renderer.compute( traceRayKernel.kernel, rayDispatchConverter.outputDispatch );
+				this.dispatch( traceRayKernel, rayDispatchConverter.outputDispatch );
 
-				shadowDispatchConverter.queue = shadowRayQueue;
-				renderer.compute( shadowDispatchConverter.kernel, [ 1, 1, 1 ] );
+				shadowDispatchConverter.queueCounters = queueCounters;
+				this.dispatch( shadowDispatchConverter, [ 1, 1, 1 ] );
 
 				traceShadowRayKernel.shadowRayQueue = shadowRayQueue;
+				traceShadowRayKernel.queueCounters = queueCounters;
 				traceShadowRayKernel.shadowRayIntersectionsStorage = shadowRayIntersectionsStorage;
-				renderer.compute( traceShadowRayKernel.kernel, shadowDispatchConverter.outputDispatch );
+				this.dispatch( traceShadowRayKernel, shadowDispatchConverter.outputDispatch );
+
+				// Step 5: walk the paths inside media for a capped number of steps
+				queueMediumWalksKernel.rayDataStorage = rayDataStorage;
+				queueMediumWalksKernel.mediumQueue = mediumQueue;
+				queueMediumWalksKernel.rayCount = rayCount;
+				this.dispatch( queueMediumWalksKernel, queueMediumWalksKernel.getDispatchSize( rayCount, 1, 1 ) );
+
+				// the medium queue's length leads it, where the converter reads it as a counter
+				mediumDispatchConverter.queueCounters = mediumQueue;
+				this.dispatch( mediumDispatchConverter, [ 1, 1, 1 ] );
+
+				mediumKernel.rayDataStorage = rayDataStorage;
+				mediumKernel.mediumQueue = mediumQueue;
+				mediumKernel.rayIntersectionsStorage = rayIntersectionsStorage;
+				mediumKernel.rayCount = rayCount;
+				mediumKernel.maxSubsurfaceBounces = this.maxSubsurfaceBounces;
+				mediumKernel.stepsPerPass = this.mediumStepsPerPass;
+				this.dispatch( mediumKernel, mediumDispatchConverter.outputDispatch );
 
 			}