testilo 37.0.1 → 38.0.1

package/README.md

@@ -199,9 +199,22 @@ Here is a script:
   isolate: true,
   standard: 'also',
   observe: false,
-  deviceID: 'Kindle Fire HDX',
+  device: {
+    id: 'iPhone 8',
+    windowOptions: {
+      reducedMotion: 'no-preference',
+      userAgent: 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.4 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1',
+      viewport: {
+        width: 375,
+        height: 667
+      },
+      deviceScaleFactor: 2,
+      isMobile: true,
+      hasTouch: true,
+      defaultBrowserType: 'webkit'
+    }
+  },
   browserID: 'webkit',
-  lowMotion: false,
   timeLimit: 80,
   creationTimeStamp: ''
   executionTimeStamp: '',
@@ -249,9 +262,8 @@ A script has several properties that specify facts about the jobs to be created.
 - `standard`: When Testaro performs a job, every tool produces its own report. Testaro can convert the test results of each tool report to standard results. The `standard` property specifies how to handle standardization. If `also`, Testaro will include in its reports both the original results of the tests of tools and the Testaro-standardized results. If `only`, reports will include only the standardized test results. If `no`, reports will include only the original results, without standardization.
 - `observe`: Testaro jobs can allow granular observation. If `true`, the job will do so. If `false`, Testaro will not report job progress, but will send a report to the server only when the report is completed. It is generally user-friendly to allow granular observation, and for user applications to implement it, if they make users wait while jobs are assigned and performed, since that process typically takes a few minutes.
 - `timeLimit`: This specifies the maximum duration, in seconds, of a job. Testaro will abort jobs that are not completed within that time.
-- `deviceID`: This specifies the default device type of the job.
+- `device`: This specifies the ID of a device and properties that each new browser context (window) will have that correspond to that device. The permitted devices are those (about 125 in number) [recognized by Playwright](https://github.com/microsoft/playwright/blob/main/packages/playwright-core/src/server/deviceDescriptorsSource.json), as well as `'default'`.
 - `browserID`: This specifies the default browser type (`'chromium'`, `'firefox'`, or `'webkit'`) of the job.
-- `lowMotion`: This is true if the browser is to create tabs with the `reduce-motion` option set to `reduce` instead of `no-preference`. This makes the browser act as if the user has chosen a [motion-reduction option in the settings of the operating system or browser](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion#user_preferences). Motions on pages are, however, often immune to this setting.
 - `creationTimeStamp` and `executionTimeStamp`: These properties will have values assigned to them when jobs are created from the script.
 - `sendReportTo`: This is a URL that Testaro is to send its job reports to, or `''` if the jobs will not be network jobs.
 - `target`: This object contains blank `url` and `what` properties, which will be populated each time the script is converted to a job.
@@ -269,9 +281,10 @@ You can use the `script()` function of the `script` module to simplify the creat
 
 #### Without options
 
-In its simplest form, `script()` requires two string arguments:
-- An ID for the script
-- A description of the script
+In its simplest form, `script()` requires 3 string arguments:
+1. An ID for the script
+1. A description of the script
+1. A device ID
 
 Called in this way, `script()` produces a script that tells Testaro to perform the tests for all of the evaluation rules defined by all of the tools integrated by Testaro.
 
@@ -320,16 +333,16 @@ A module can invoke `script()` in one of these ways:
 
 ```javaScript
 const {script} = require('testilo/script');
-const scriptObj = script('monthly', 'landmarks');
+const scriptObj = script('monthly', 'landmarks', 'default');
 ```
 
 ```javaScript
 const {script} = require('testilo/script');
 const options = {…};
-const scriptObj = script('monthly', 'landmarks', options);
+const scriptObj = script('monthly', 'landmarks', 'default', options);
 ```
 
-In this example, the script will have `'monthly'` as its ID and `'landmarks'` as its description. It will tell Testaro to test for all evaluation rules if the first form is used, or for all rules specified by the options argument if the second form is used.
+In this example, the script will have `'monthly'` as its ID, `'landmarks'` as its description, and `'default'` as its device. It will tell Testaro to test for all evaluation rules if the first form is used, or for all rules specified by the options argument if the second form is used.
 
 The invoking module can further modify and use the script (`scriptObj`) as needed.
 
@@ -338,9 +351,9 @@ The invoking module can further modify and use the script (`scriptObj`) as neede
 A user can invoke `script()` by executing one of these statements in the Testilo project directory:
 
 ```javascript
-node call script id what
-node call script id what tools toolID0 toolID1 toolID2 …
-node call script id what issues tic99 issueID0 issueID1 …
+node call script id what deviceID
+node call script id what deviceID tools toolID0 toolID1 toolID2 …
+node call script id what deviceID issues tic99 issueID0 issueID1 …
 ```
 
 The first form will create a script with no restrictions.
@@ -349,7 +362,7 @@ The second form will create a script that prescribes tests for all the rules of
 
 The third form will create a script that prescribes tests for all the rules classified by the named issue-classification file into any of the specified issues.
 
-In this statement, replace `id` with an ID for the script, such as `headings1`, consisting of ASCII alphanumeric characters, or with `''` if you want Testilo to create an ID. Replace `what` with a string describing the script, or with `''` if you want Testilo to create a generic description.
+In this statement, replace `id` with an ID for the script, such as `headings1`, consisting of ASCII alphanumeric characters, or with `''` if you want Testilo to create an ID. Replace `what` with a string describing the script, or with `''` if you want Testilo to create a generic description. Replace `device` with a valid device ID.
 
 The `call` module will retrieve the named classification, if any.
 The `script` module will create a script.
@@ -362,7 +375,7 @@ When the `script` module creates a script for you, it does not ask you for all o
 - `isolate`: `true`
 - `standard`: `'only'`
 - `observe`: `false`
-- `deviceID`: `'default'`
+- `device.windowOptions.reduce-motion`: `'no-preference'`
 - `browserID`: `'webkit'`
 - `lowMotion`: `false`
 - `timeLimit`: 50 plus 30 per tool
@@ -375,6 +388,8 @@ When the `script` module creates a script for you, it does not ask you for all o
 - `testaro` test act: `withItems` = true, `stopOnFail` = `false`
 - `wave` test act: `reportType` = 4
 
+The `device.windowOptions` object has, in addition to `reducedMotion`, other properties shown in the above script example. The `script` module will set them according to the specified device. If you specify `'default'` as the device ID, the only property will be `reducedMotion`.
+
 The `webkit` browser type is selected because the other browser types corrupt some tests. The `ibm` test is performed on the existing page content because some targets cause HTTP2 protocol errors when the `ibm` tool tries to visit them.
 
 After you invoke `script`, you can edit the script that it creates to revise any of these options.

package/call.js

@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@
 // Module to keep secrets.
 require('dotenv').config();
 // Module to perform common operations.
-const {getFileID, getNowStamp, getRandomString} = require('./procs/util');
+const {getFileID, getNowStamp, getRandomString, isToolID} = require('./procs/util');
 // Function to process files.
 const fs = require('fs/promises');
 // Function to process a list-to-batch conversion.
 const {batch} = require('./batch');
 // Function to create a script from rule specifications.
-const {script, toolIDs} = require('./script');
+const {script} = require('./script');
 // Function to process a merger.
 const {merge} = require('./merge');
 // Function to score reports.
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ const callBatch = async (id, what) => {
   }
 };
 // Fulfills a script-creation request.
-const callScript = async (scriptID, what, optionType, ... optionDetails) => {
+const callScript = async (scriptID, what, deviceID, optionType, ... optionDetails) => {
   // Sanitize the script ID.
   scriptID = scriptID.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/g, '');
   if (scriptID === '') {
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ const callScript = async (scriptID, what, optionType, ... optionDetails) => {
     if (optionType === 'tools') {
       if (
         optionDetails.length === new Set(optionDetails).size
-        && optionDetails.every(toolID => toolIDs.includes(toolID))
+        && optionDetails.every(toolID => isToolID(toolID))
       ) {
         optionArg.type = 'tools';
         optionArg.specs = optionDetails;
@@ -186,17 +186,22 @@ const callScript = async (scriptID, what, optionType, ... optionDetails) => {
       return;
     }
   }
-  // Create a script with default device and browser IDs.
-  const scriptObj = script(scriptID, undefined, undefined, what, optionArg);
-  try {
-    // Save it.
-    const scriptJSON = JSON.stringify(scriptObj, null, 2);
-    const scriptPath = `${specDir}/scripts/${scriptID}.json`;
-    await fs.writeFile(scriptPath, `${scriptJSON}\n`);
-    console.log(`Script created and saved as ${scriptPath}`);
+  // Create a script with specified device ID and default browser ID.
+  const scriptObj = script(scriptID, what, deviceID, optionArg);
+  if (scriptObj) {
+    try {
+      // Save it.
+      const scriptJSON = JSON.stringify(scriptObj, null, 2);
+      const scriptPath = `${specDir}/scripts/${scriptID}.json`;
+      await fs.writeFile(scriptPath, `${scriptJSON}\n`);
+      console.log(`Script created and saved as ${scriptPath}`);
+    }
+    catch(error) {
+      console.log(`ERROR saving script (${error.message})`);
+    }
   }
-  catch(error) {
-    console.log(`ERROR saving script (${error.message})`);
+  else {
+    console.log('ERROR: Script creation failed');
   }
 };
 // Fulfills a merging request.
@@ -487,7 +492,7 @@ if (fn === 'batch' && fnArgs.length === 2) {
     console.log('Execution completed');
   });
 }
-else if (fn === 'script' && (fnArgs.length === 2 || fnArgs.length > 3)) {
+else if (fn === 'script' && (fnArgs.length === 3 || fnArgs.length > 4)) {
   callScript(... fnArgs)
   .then(() => {
     console.log('Execution completed');

package/merge.js

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ const mergeIDLength = 2;
 
 // Merges a script and a batch and returns jobs.
 exports.merge = (script, batch, executionTimeStamp) => {
-  // If a time stamp was specified:
+  // If an execution time stamp was specified:
   if (executionTimeStamp) {
     // If it is invalid:
     if (! dateOf(executionTimeStamp)) {
@@ -100,44 +100,39 @@ exports.merge = (script, batch, executionTimeStamp) => {
   }
   // Initialize an array of jobs.
   const jobs = [];
-  // For each target in the batch:
   const {targets} = batch;
   const targetIDs = Object.keys(targets);
+  // For each target in the batch:
   targetIDs.forEach((what, index) => {
-    // If the target has the required identifiers:
     const {actGroups, url} = targets[what];
+    // If the target has the required identifiers:
     if (actGroups && url) {
-      // Initialize a job.
+      // Initialize a job as a copy of the template.
       const job = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(protoJob));
       const {sources, target} = job;
       // Make the job ID unique.
       const targetSuffix = alphaNumOf(index);
       job.id = `${executionTimeStamp}-${sources.mergeID}-${targetSuffix}`;
-      // If the target is the last one:
-      if (index === targetIDs.length - 1) {
-        // Add that fact to the sources property of the job.
-        sources.lastTarget = true;
-      }
       // Populate the target-specific properties of the job.
       target.what = what;
       target.url = url;
-      // Replace each placeholder object in the job with the named act group of the target.
+      // Replace each placeholder in the job with a copy of the named act group of the target.
       let {acts} = job;
       for (const actIndex in acts) {
         const act = acts[actIndex];
         if (act.type === 'placeholder') {
           const replacerName = act.which;
-          const replacerActs = actGroups[replacerName];
+          const replacerActs = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(actGroups[replacerName]));
           if (replacerName && actGroups && replacerActs) {
-            // Add properties to any launch act in the replacer.
+            // Add any override properties to any launch act in the replacer.
             for (const replacerAct of replacerActs) {
               if (replacerAct.type === 'launch') {
-                if (act.deviceID) {
-                  replacerAct.deviceID = act.deviceID;
-                }
                 if (act.browserID) {
                   replacerAct.browserID = act.browserID;
                 }
+                if (act.target) {
+                  replacerAct.target = act.target;
+                }
               }
             };
             acts[actIndex] = replacerActs;
@@ -146,7 +141,7 @@ exports.merge = (script, batch, executionTimeStamp) => {
             console.log(`ERROR: Placeholder for target ${what} not replaceable`);
           }
         }
-      }
+      };
       // Flatten the acts.
       job.acts = acts.flat();
       // Append the job to the array of jobs.

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "testilo",
-  "version": "37.0.1",
+  "version": "38.0.1",
   "description": "Prepares Testaro jobs and processes Testaro reports",
   "main": "call.js",
   "scripts": {

package/procs/digest/tdp43e/index.js

@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ const getIssueScoreRow = (issueConstants, issueDetails) => {
 };
 // Adds parameters to a query for a digest.
 const populateQuery = (report, query) => {
-  const {browserID, deviceID, id, isolate, lowMotion, score, sources, standard, strict, target} = report;
+  const {
+    browserID, device, id, isolate, lowMotion, score, sources, standard, strict, target
+  } = report;
   const {agent, requester, script} = sources;
   const {scoreProcID, summary, details} = score;
   query.ts = script;
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ const populateQuery = (report, query) => {
   = ['original', 'standard', 'original and standard'][['no', 'only', 'also'].indexOf(standard)];
   query.motion = lowMotion ? 'requested' : 'not requested';
   query.requester = requester;
-  query.device = deviceID;
+  query.device = device.id;
   query.browser = browserID;
   query.agent = agent ? ` on agent ${agent}` : '';
   query.reportURL = process.env.SCORED_REPORT_URL.replace('__id__', id);

package/procs/score/tsp43.js

@@ -323,8 +323,20 @@ exports.scorer = report => {
       summary.tool = toolWeight * details.severity.total.reduce(
         (total, current, index) => total + severityWeights[index] * current, 0
       );
-      // Add the summary element total to the score.
-      summary.element = elementWeight * pathIDs.size;
+      // Get the minimum count of violating elements.
+      const actRuleIDs = testActs.map(
+        act => act.standardResult.instances.map(instance => `${act.which}:${instance.ruleID}`)
+      );
+      const allRuleIDs = actRuleIDs.flat();
+      const ruleCounts = Array
+      .from(new Set(allRuleIDs))
+      .map(ruleID => allRuleIDs.filter(id => id === ruleID).length);
+      /*
+        Add the summary element total to the score, based on the count of identified violating
+        elements or the largest count of instances of violations of any rule, whichever is
+        greater.
+      */
+      summary.element = elementWeight * Math.max(pathIDs.size, ... ruleCounts);
       // Add the summary prevention total to the score.
       summary.prevention = Object.values(details.prevention).reduce(
         (total, current) => total + current, 0

package/procs/util.js

@@ -25,11 +25,6 @@
   Utility functions.
 */
 
-// IMPORTS
-
-// Devices recognized by Playwright.
-const {devices} = require('playwright');
-
 // CONSTANTS
 
 // Array of 62 alphanumeric characters.
@@ -39,6 +34,10 @@ const alphaNumChars = (() => {
   const lowers = Array(26).fill('').map((letter, index) => String.fromCodePoint(97 + index));
   return digits.concat(uppers, lowers);
 })();
+// Tools.
+const toolIDs = exports.toolIDs = [
+  'alfa', 'aslint', 'axe', 'ed11y', 'htmlcs', 'ibm', 'nuVal', 'qualWeb', 'testaro', 'wave'
+];
 
 // FUNCTIONS
 
@@ -114,8 +113,5 @@ exports.getBarCell = (num, colMax, svgWidth, isRight = false) => {
   const cell = `<td aria-hidden="true"${rightClass}>${svg}</td>`;
   return cell;
 };
-// Returns whether a device ID is recognized by Playwright.
-exports.isValidDeviceID = deviceID => {
-  const deviceIDs = Object.keys(devices);
-  return deviceIDs.concat('default').includes(deviceID);
-};
+// Returns whether a tool ID is the ID of a Testaro-integrated tool.
+exports.isToolID = toolID => toolIDs.includes(toolID);

package/script.js

@@ -25,180 +25,227 @@
   Creates and returns a script to perform the tests for issues.
 */
 
-// ########## VARIABLES
+// IMPORTS
 
-// Testaro tool IDs.
-const toolIDs = exports.toolIDs = [
-  'alfa', 'aslint', 'axe', 'ed11y', 'htmlcs', 'ibm', 'nuVal', 'qualWeb', 'testaro', 'wave'
-];
+// Module to handle secrets.
+require('dotenv').config();
+// Devices recognized by Playwright.
+const {devices} = require('playwright');
+// Utility module.
+const {isToolID, toolIDs} = require('./procs/util');
 
 // ########## FUNCTIONS
 
-// Creates and returns a script.
-exports.script = (id, what, options = {}) => {
-  const toolsRulesData = {};
-  // If options are specified:
-  if (options.type && options.specs) {
-    const {type, specs} = options;
-    // If the option type is tools and is valid:
-    if (
-      type === 'tools'
-      && Array.isArray(specs)
-      && specs.length
-      && specs.every(spec => toolIDs.includes(spec))
-    ) {
-      // Populate the data on tools and rules.
-      specs.forEach(spec => {
-        toolsRulesData[spec] = [];
-      });
-    }
-    // Otherwise, if the option type is issues and is valid:
-    else if (
-      type === 'issues'
-      && typeof specs === 'object'
-      && specs.issues
-      && specs.issueIDs
-      && typeof specs.issues === 'object'
-      && Array.isArray(specs.issueIDs)
-      && specs.issueIDs.length
-    ) {
-      // For each specified issue:
-      const {issueIDs, issues} = specs;
-      issueIDs.forEach(issueID => {
-        // If it exists in the classification:
-        const issueData = issues[issueID];
-        if (issueData) {
-          // For each tool that tests for the issue:
-          const issueToolIDs = Object.keys(issueData.tools);
-          issueToolIDs.forEach(issueToolID => {
-            // For each of the rules of the tool for the issue:
-            toolsRulesData[issueToolID] ??= [];
-            const toolRuleIDs = toolsRulesData[issueToolID];
-            const toolData = issueData.tools[issueToolID];
-            Object.keys(toolData).forEach(ruleID => {
-              // Add the rule to the data on tools and rules.
-              let rulePrefix = '';
-              if (issueToolID === 'nuVal') {
-                rulePrefix = toolData[ruleID].variable ? '~' : '=';
-              }
-              const fullRuleID = `${rulePrefix}${ruleID}`;
-              if (! toolRuleIDs.includes(fullRuleID)) {
-                toolRuleIDs.push(fullRuleID);
-              }
-            });
-          });
-        }
-        // Otherwise, i.e. if it does not exist in the classification:
-        else {
-          // Report this and quit.
-          console.log(`ERROR: Issue ${issueID} not in issue classification`);
-          return {};
-        }
-      });
+// Returns whether a device ID is recognized by Playwright.
+const isDeviceID = exports.isDeviceID = deviceID => deviceID === 'default' || !! devices[deviceID];
+// Returns options for a new browser context (window).
+const getWindowOptions = deviceID => {
+  // If the argument is valid:
+  if (isDeviceID(deviceID)) {
+    // Set the reducedMotion option.
+    const options = {
+      reducedMotion: 'no-preference'
+    };
+    // If the default device was specified:
+    if (deviceID === 'default') {
+      // Return the set option.
+      return options;
     }
-    // Otherwise, i.e. if the option specification is invalid:
+    // Otherwise, i.e. if a non-default device was specified:
     else {
-      // Report this and quit.
-      console.log(`ERROR: Options invalid`);
-      return {};
+      // Get its properties.
+      const deviceProperties = devices[deviceID];
+      // Return the reduce-motion and device options.
+      return {
+        ... options,
+        ... deviceProperties
+      };
     }
   }
-  // Otherwise, i.e. if options are not specified:
+  // Otherwise, i.e. if the arguments are not valid:
   else {
-    // Populate the data on tools and rules.
-    toolIDs.forEach(toolID => {
-      toolsRulesData[toolID] = [];
-    });
+    // Return this.
+    return null;
   }
-  // Initialize a script.
-  const scriptObj = {
-    id,
-    what,
-    strict: false,
-    isolate: true,
-    standard: 'only',
-    observe: false,
-    deviceID: 'default',
-    browserID: 'webkit',
-    lowMotion: false,
-    timeLimit: Math.round(50 + 30 * Object.keys(toolsRulesData).length),
-    creationTimeStamp: '',
-    executionTimeStamp: '',
-    sendReportTo: process.env.SEND_REPORT_TO || '',
-    target: {
-      what: '',
-      url: ''
-    },
-    sources: {
-      script: id,
-      batch: '',
-      mergeID: '',
-      requester: process.env.REQUESTER || ''
-    },
-      acts: [
-      {
-        type: 'placeholder',
-        which: 'main'
+};
+// Creates and returns a script.
+exports.script = (id, what, deviceID, options = {}) => {
+  // If the arguments are valid:
+  if (id && what && isDeviceID(deviceID)) {
+    const toolsRulesData = {};
+    // If options are specified:
+    const {type, specs} = options;
+    if (type && specs) {
+      // If the option type is tools and is valid:
+      if (
+        type === 'tools'
+        && Array.isArray(specs)
+        && specs.length
+        && specs.every(spec => isToolID(spec))
+      ) {
+        // Initialize the data on tools and rules.
+        specs.forEach(spec => {
+          toolsRulesData[spec] = [];
+        });
       }
-    ]
-  };
-  // For each tool used:
-  Object.keys(toolsRulesData).forEach(toolID => {
-    // Initialize a test act for it.
-    const toolAct = {
-      type: 'test',
-      which: toolID
-    };
-    // If rules were specified:
-    const ruleIDs = toolsRulesData[toolID];
-    if (ruleIDs.length) {
-      // Add a rules array as a property to the act.
-      toolAct.rules = ruleIDs;
-      // If the tool is QualWeb:
-      if (toolID === 'qualWeb') {
-        // For each QualWeb module:
-        const specs = [];
-        const prefixes = {
-          act: 'QW-ACT-R',
-          wcag: 'QW-WCAG-T',
-          best: 'QW-BP'
-        };
-        Object.keys(prefixes).forEach(prefix => {
-          // Specify the rules of that module to be tested for.
-          const ids = toolAct.rules.filter(id => id.startsWith(prefixes[prefix]));
-          const integers = ids.map(id => id.slice(prefixes[prefix].length));
-          specs.push(`${prefix}:${integers.join(',')}`);
+      // Otherwise, if the option type is issues and is valid:
+      else if (
+        type === 'issues'
+        && typeof specs === 'object'
+        && specs.issues
+        && specs.issueIDs
+        && typeof specs.issues === 'object'
+        && Array.isArray(specs.issueIDs)
+        && specs.issueIDs.length
+      ) {
+        const {issueIDs, issues} = specs;
+        // For each specified issue:
+        issueIDs.forEach(issueID => {
+          const issueData = issues[issueID];
+          // If it exists in the classification:
+          if (issueData) {
+            const issueToolIDs = Object.keys(issueData.tools);
+            // For each tool that tests for the issue:
+            issueToolIDs.forEach(issueToolID => {
+              toolsRulesData[issueToolID] ??= [];
+              const toolRuleIDs = toolsRulesData[issueToolID];
+              const toolData = issueData.tools[issueToolID];
+              // For each of the rules of the tool for the issue:
+              Object.keys(toolData).forEach(ruleID => {
+                // Add the rule to the data on tools and rules.
+                let rulePrefix = '';
+                if (issueToolID === 'nuVal') {
+                  rulePrefix = toolData[ruleID].variable ? '~' : '=';
+                }
+                const fullRuleID = `${rulePrefix}${ruleID}`;
+                if (! toolRuleIDs.includes(fullRuleID)) {
+                  toolRuleIDs.push(fullRuleID);
+                }
+              });
+            });
+          }
+          // Otherwise, i.e. if it does not exist in the classification:
+          else {
+            // Report this and quit.
+            console.log(`ERROR: Issue ${issueID} not in issue classification`);
+            return null;
+          }
         });
-        // Replace the generic rule list with the QualWeb-format list.
-        toolAct.rules = specs;
       }
-      // Otherwise, if the tool is Testaro:
-      else if (toolID === 'testaro') {
-        // Prepend the inclusion option to the rule array.
-        toolAct.rules.unshift('y');
+      // Otherwise, i.e. if the option specification is invalid:
+      else {
+        // Report this and quit.
+        console.log(`ERROR: Options invalid`);
+        return null;
       }
     }
-    // Add any needed option defaults to the act.
-    if (toolID === 'axe') {
-      toolAct.detailLevel = 2;
-    }
-    else if (toolID === 'ibm') {
-      toolAct.withItems = true;
-      toolAct.withNewContent = false;
-    }
-    else if (toolID === 'qualWeb') {
-      toolAct.withNewContent = false;
-    }
-    else if (toolID === 'testaro') {
-      toolAct.withItems = true;
-      toolAct.stopOnFail = false;
-    }
-    else if (toolID === 'wave') {
-      toolAct.reportType = 4;
+    // Otherwise, i.e. if options are not specified:
+    else {
+      // Populate the data on tools and rules.
+      toolIDs.forEach(toolID => {
+        toolsRulesData[toolID] = [];
+      });
     }
-    // Add the act to the script.
-    scriptObj.acts.push(toolAct);
-  });
-  // Return the script.
-  return scriptObj;
+    // Initialize a script.
+    const scriptObj = {
+      id,
+      what,
+      strict: false,
+      isolate: true,
+      standard: 'only',
+      observe: false,
+      device: {
+        id: deviceID,
+        windowOptions: {}
+      },
+      browserID: 'webkit',
+      timeLimit: Math.round(50 + 30 * Object.keys(toolsRulesData).length),
+      creationTimeStamp: '',
+      executionTimeStamp: '',
+      sendReportTo: process.env.SEND_REPORT_TO || '',
+      target: {
+        what: '',
+        url: ''
+      },
+      sources: {
+        script: id,
+        batch: '',
+        mergeID: '',
+        requester: process.env.REQUESTER || ''
+      },
+        acts: [
+        {
+          type: 'placeholder',
+          which: 'main'
+        }
+      ]
+    };
+    // Add the window options to the script.
+    scriptObj.device.windowOptions = getWindowOptions(deviceID);
+    // For each tool used:
+    Object.keys(toolsRulesData).forEach(toolID => {
+      // Initialize a test act for it.
+      const toolAct = {
+        type: 'test',
+        which: toolID
+      };
+      // If rules were specified:
+      const ruleIDs = toolsRulesData[toolID];
+      if (ruleIDs.length) {
+        // Add a rules array as a property to the act.
+        toolAct.rules = ruleIDs;
+        // If the tool is QualWeb:
+        if (toolID === 'qualWeb') {
+          // For each QualWeb module:
+          const specs = [];
+          const prefixes = {
+            act: 'QW-ACT-R',
+            wcag: 'QW-WCAG-T',
+            best: 'QW-BP'
+          };
+          Object.keys(prefixes).forEach(prefix => {
+            // Specify the rules of that module to be tested for.
+            const ids = toolAct.rules.filter(id => id.startsWith(prefixes[prefix]));
+            const integers = ids.map(id => id.slice(prefixes[prefix].length));
+            specs.push(`${prefix}:${integers.join(',')}`);
+          });
+          // Replace the generic rule list with the QualWeb-format list.
+          toolAct.rules = specs;
+        }
+        // Otherwise, if the tool is Testaro:
+        else if (toolID === 'testaro') {
+          // Prepend the inclusion option to the rule array.
+          toolAct.rules.unshift('y');
+        }
+      }
+      // Add any needed option defaults to the act.
+      if (toolID === 'axe') {
+        toolAct.detailLevel = 2;
+      }
+      else if (toolID === 'ibm') {
+        toolAct.withItems = true;
+        toolAct.withNewContent = false;
+      }
+      else if (toolID === 'qualWeb') {
+        toolAct.withNewContent = false;
+      }
+      else if (toolID === 'testaro') {
+        toolAct.withItems = true;
+        toolAct.stopOnFail = false;
+      }
+      else if (toolID === 'wave') {
+        toolAct.reportType = 4;
+      }
+      // Add the act to the script.
+      scriptObj.acts.push(toolAct);
+    });
+    // Return the script.
+    return scriptObj;
+  }
+  // Otherwise, i.e. if the arguments are not valid:
+  else {
+    // Report this and quit.
+    console.log(`ERROR: Arguments invalid`);
+    return null;
+  }
 }