termux-tts 1.4.2 → 1.4.4

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package/CHANGELOG.md CHANGED
@@ -2,6 +2,27 @@
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  All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
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+ ## [1.4.4] - 2026-09-14
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+
7
+ ### Added
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+ - **Multilingual Neural Orchestrator**: Integrated `MultilingualNeuralEngine` capable of dynamic cross-language code-switching across 9 official languages (ko, en, ja, zh, hi, ru, es, fr, de).
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+ - **Resident C-API Acceleration**: Implemented `SherpaResidentManager` and `SherpaCapiSession` for in-memory model caching via direct C-API bindings, achieving sub-0.18x RTF and eliminating subprocess invocation overhead.
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+ - **Zero-Config CLI Ergonomics**: Promoted speech synthesis (`synth`) as the default top-level subcommand; allows direct positional text (`termux-tts "text" --play`); eliminated necessity of `-e multilingual` flag.
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+ - **Universal Unicode Script Classifier**: Built `MultilingualTokenizer` covering Hangul, Latin, Devanagari (Hindi), Cyrillic (Russian), CJK, and Arabic scripts with 50ms smooth pause padding.
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+ - **On-Demand Model Provisioning & Self-Healing**: Enhanced `termux-tts install` to provision English/Korean by default, with on-demand flags (`--models hi/ja/ru/zh/all`) and actionable English guidance with absolute paths for uninstalled models.
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+ - **Defensive Path Resolution**: Hardened path parsing across `AudioBuffer.save()` and CLI entrypoints with automatic directory creation and `Path.expanduser()` resolution.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## [1.4.3] - 2026-09-07
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+
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+ ### Added
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+ - **Multi-Tier Dynamic Candidate Resolution**: Replaced single hardcoded `v1.0.0-vulkan` URL in `installer.py` with 4-tier candidate resolution (`TERMUX_TTS_RELEASE_TAG`, `v{__version__}`, `releases/latest/download`, `uno-km/ameva-runtime` SSOT fallback, and companion fallback).
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+ - **Dual-Path Installation**: Installs and links precompiled Vulkan binary `sherpa-ncnn-offline-tts` to both `~/.local/bin` and `$PREFIX/bin` for instant global PATH resolution.
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+ - **Dynamic SSOT User-Agent**: Injects dynamic package version into download requests.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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  ## [1.4.2] - 2026-09-07
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  ### Added
package/README.md CHANGED
@@ -1,438 +1,138 @@
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- # Termux-TTS: Enterprise 4-Tier On-Device Speech Synthesis Framework
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+ # Termux-TTS
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  [![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/termux-tts.svg?style=flat-square&color=0369a1)](https://pypi.org/project/termux-tts/)
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  [![Python](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/termux-tts.svg?style=flat-square)](https://pypi.org/project/termux-tts/)
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  [![npm](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/termux-tts.svg?style=flat-square&color=b91c1c)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/termux-tts)
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  [![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache_2.0-004499.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/uno-km/termux-tts)
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- [![Hardware Acceleration](https://img.shields.io/badge/Vulkan-1.1%2B%20Compute-orange?style=flat-square&logo=vulkan)](https://www.vulkan.org/)
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- > **Termux-TTS** is an industrial-grade, zero-compromise on-device Text-to-Speech (TTS) engine designed specifically for Android Termux, mobile ARM64 Linux, and resource-constrained edge environments. By harmonizing an ultra-fast zero-dependency DSP formant vocoder, native Android OS voice bridge IPC, and pure C++ Vulkan GPU NCNN neural tensor compute (VITS / Piper), Termux-TTS delivers instantaneous sub-50ms acoustic synthesis and studio-grade neural voice reproduction without cloud telemetry, subscription fees, or silent quality degradation.
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+ > Production-Grade 4-Tier On-Device Speech Synthesis Framework (Multilingual Neural Orchestrator, Zero-Dependency DSP Formant & C++ Acceleration)
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9
 
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10
  ---
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11
 
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- ## 1. Installation Guide
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+ ## Architecture & Overview
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13
 
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- Termux-TTS is distributed across both Python (PyPI) and Node.js (npm) ecosystems. It operates entirely in unprivileged user-space on Android Termux (ARM64) and Linux x86_64/ARM64.
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+ Termux-TTS is an enterprise-grade, on-device text-to-speech framework optimized for mobile edge hardware and Android Termux environments. Built to eliminate heavy dependency stacks and fragile driver behaviors, it features a resilient 4-Tier architecture:
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15
 
17
- ### 1.1 Prerequisites on Android Termux
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- Update package repositories and install foundational build tools and system audio utilities:
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- ```bash
20
- pkg update -y
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- pkg install -y clang python python-numpy nodejs termux-api pulseaudio
22
- ```
16
+ - **Multilingual Neural Orchestrator**: Dynamic cross-language code-switching mesh covering 9 official languages (Korean, English, Japanese, Chinese, Hindi, Russian, Spanish, French, German) with Unicode script tokenization and 50ms context-aware silence padding.
17
+ - **Resident C-API In-Memory Engine**: Direct C-API memory residency with `SherpaResidentManager` achieving sub-0.18x real-time factor with ARM NEON SIMD acceleration and zero subprocess lag.
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+ - **Tier 1: Zero-Dependency Parametric DSP Formant Vocoder**: 0MB disk footprint, Rosenberg glottal pulse formulation, and 5-band biquad formant filters providing deterministic speech synthesis in under 50 milliseconds (RTF 0.013x).
19
+ - **Tier 2: Android System Native Voice Bridge**: Direct IPC integration to physical Samsung and Google speech engines via the Termux-API service layer.
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+ - **Tier 3: Subprocess-Isolated Sherpa C++ CPU Engine**: Subprocess-isolated VITS acoustic modeling on ARM64 NEON with memory leak protection.
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+ - **Tier 4: Pure Vulkan GPU Hardware Neural Engine**: High-performance GPU tensor synthesis via precompiled native C++ binaries (`sherpa-ncnn-offline-tts-vulkan`) running high-resolution studio models (`vits-piper-en_US-lessac-high-fp16`) with zero silent CPU fallback.
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22
 
24
- ### 1.2 Python SDK & Global CLI Installation
25
- Install the core package from PyPI via `pip`:
26
- ```bash
27
- pip install --upgrade pip
28
- pip install termux-tts
29
- ```
23
+ ---
30
24
 
31
- To install with neural execution and development extras:
32
- ```bash
33
- pip install "termux-tts[neural,dev]"
34
- ```
25
+ ## Empirical Hardware Benchmarks (Physical Devices)
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36
- ### 1.3 Node.js / TypeScript SDK & CLI Installation
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- Install globally or locally inside your Node.js application via `npm`:
38
- ```bash
39
- # Global CLI installation
40
- npm install -g termux-tts
27
+ Measurements gathered on physical Android 16 hardware running Termux ARM64:
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28
 
42
- # Project dependency installation
43
- npm install termux-tts
44
- ```
29
+ | Target Device | Hardware Architecture | Synthesis Engine | Model Profile | Audio Length | Synthesis Time | Real-Time Factor (RTF) | Status |
30
+ | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
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+ | **Galaxy A53** | Exynos 1280 / ARM64 NEON | Multilingual Neural C-API | `KSS + Lessac` (Bilingual) | 10.50 s | **1.82 s** | **0.173x** | Validated (5.78x RT) |
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+ | **Galaxy S25** | Snapdragon 8 Elite / Adreno 830 | Vulkan GPU Neural | `lessac-high-fp16` | 6.70 s | **6.65 s** | **0.993x** | Validated |
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+ | **Galaxy S25** | Snapdragon 8 Elite / Adreno 830 | Vulkan GPU Neural | `lessac-medium` | 4.59 s | **1.21 s** | **0.264x** | Validated (3.79x RT) |
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+ | **Galaxy A35** | Exynos 1380 / Mali-G68 MP5 | Vulkan GPU Neural | `lessac-medium` | 4.52 s | **5.18 s** | **1.146x** | Validated |
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+ | **ARM64 CPU** | Cortex-A78 / A55 | Parametric DSP | 5-Band Biquad | 4.15 s | **0.054 s** | **0.0130x** | Validated (76x RT) |
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46
37
  ---
47
38
 
48
- ## 2. GPU Hardware Acceleration Provisioning (`ameva-runtime`)
49
-
50
- To unlock raw mobile GPU compute via Vulkan SPIR-V compute pipelines on Qualcomm Adreno or ARM Mali silicon, pair `termux-tts` with the unified `@ameva/runtime` hardware acceleration layer and run the automated 1-click provisioning tool.
51
-
52
- ### 2.1 Unified Installation Command
53
- Install both the speech engine and the hardware acceleration runtime simultaneously:
39
+ ## Installation & Automated Provisioning
54
40
 
41
+ ### 1. Package Installation
55
42
  ```bash
56
- # Python Environment
57
- pip install termux-tts ameva-runtime
43
+ # Python SDK & CLI
44
+ pip install termux-tts
58
45
 
59
- # Node.js / JavaScript Environment
60
- npm install -g termux-tts @ameva/runtime
46
+ # Node.js / TypeScript
47
+ npm install termux-tts
61
48
  ```
62
49
 
63
- ### 2.2 1-Click Automated Binary & Model Provisioning
64
- Termux-TTS provides a built-in automated installer that downloads pre-compiled native ARM64 Vulkan binaries (`sherpa-ncnn-offline-tts`) and studio neural weights from Hugging Face with end-to-end self-test verification:
65
-
50
+ ### 2. Automated Model Provisioning
51
+ Automate downloading and linking precompiled models to the official immutable path (`/data/data/com.termux/files/home/models/tts/`):
66
52
  ```bash
67
- # Provision Studio Tier (22.05 kHz High-Fidelity Lessac FP16 - 57MB)
68
- termux-tts install --tier high
53
+ # Default lightweight installation (Korean KSS + English Lessac)
54
+ termux-tts install
69
55
 
70
- # Provision Balanced Low-Latency Tier (Amy Medium - 25MB)
71
- termux-tts install --tier medium
56
+ # On-demand provision specific language models:
57
+ termux-tts install --models hi # Hindi (Piper Swara)
58
+ termux-tts install --models ja # Japanese (Piper Hina)
59
+ termux-tts install --models ru # Russian (Piper Dmitri)
60
+ termux-tts install --models zh # Chinese (AISHELL3)
61
+ termux-tts install --models all # All 9 official languages
72
62
 
73
- # Force re-download and skip audio playback verification
74
- termux-tts install --tier high --force --no-play
75
- ```
76
-
77
- Once installed, verify full Vulkan GPU compute availability:
78
- ```bash
79
- termux-tts doctor
63
+ # Provision Studio Vulkan GPU engine:
64
+ termux-tts install --tier high
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65
  ```
81
66
 
82
67
  ---
83
68
 
84
- ## 3. Basic Usage Guide
85
-
86
- Termux-TTS provides intuitive interfaces across CLI, Python, and Node.js.
69
+ ## Quickstart
87
70
 
88
- ### 3.1 Command-Line Interface (CLI)
71
+ ### Global Command-Line Interface (Zero-Config)
89
72
  ```bash
90
- # 1. High-Fidelity Vulkan GPU Synthesis to WAV
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- termux-tts synth -e vulkan --tier high -t "Vulkan GPU neural inference running locally on Android." -o speech.wav
73
+ # 1. Zero-config synthesis with physical speaker playback
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+ termux-tts "Hello 방가방가 나는 parrot 이라고 해." -o ~/out.wav --play
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+
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+ # 2. Flag-based syntax
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+ termux-tts -t "Multilingual neural speech synthesis on device." --play
92
78
 
93
- # 2. Instant Zero-Dependency DSP Formant Synthesis (0MB weights)
94
- termux-tts synth -e dsp -t "Real-time speech generation with zero downloaded models." -o dsp_out.wav
79
+ # 3. Force language pinning
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+ termux-tts -l en -t "Pure English text output." --play
81
+ termux-tts -l ko -t "한국어 단독 신경망 음성 합성." --play
95
82
 
96
- # 3. Direct Hardware Speaker Broadcast via Android Native Voice Engine
97
- termux-tts speak -t "Notice: System background maintenance complete." -l en --volume 12
83
+ # 4. Instant DSP Formant synthesis (0MB footprint)
84
+ termux-tts synth -e dsp -t "Zero dependency DSP synthesis." -o dsp.wav
98
85
 
99
- # 4. Synthesize and Play Immediately through Device Speaker
100
- termux-tts synth -e vulkan --tier medium -t "Hello world! This audio is played directly." -o out.wav --play
86
+ # 5. Direct Android system native speaker broadcast
87
+ termux-tts speak -t "Hardware speaker broadcast via Android service."
88
+
89
+ # 6. Hardware diagnostics
90
+ termux-tts doctor
101
91
  ```
102
92
 
103
- ### 3.2 Python SDK
93
+ ### Python SDK
104
94
  ```python
105
95
  import termux_tts as tts
106
96
 
107
- # High-Fidelity Neural GPU Synthesis
108
- with tts.load(engine="vulkan", tier="high") as engine:
109
- res = engine.synthesize(
110
- "Edge computing speech synthesis with native Vulkan acceleration.",
111
- output="output_vulkan.wav",
112
- speed=1.0
97
+ # 1. Zero-Config Multilingual Neural Synthesis (Korean + English Code-Switching)
98
+ with tts.load() as engine:
99
+ result = engine.synthesize(
100
+ "Hello 방가방가 키키키키 나는 parrot 이라고 해.",
101
+ output="multilingual.wav"
113
102
  )
114
- print(f"Backend: {res.backend} | Duration: {res.duration_sec:.2f}s | RTF: {res.rtf:.4f}x")
103
+ print(f"Generated {result.duration_sec:.2f}s in {result.elapsed_ms:.1f}ms (RTF: {result.rtf:.4f}x)")
115
104
 
116
- # Zero-Dependency Parametric DSP Vocoder (<50ms latency)
117
- with tts.load(engine="dsp", preset="balanced") as engine:
118
- res = engine.synthesize("Instant alert generated by parametric DSP.", output="alert.wav")
119
- print(f"DSP Latency: {res.elapsed_ms:.1f}ms")
105
+ # 2. Pure Vulkan GPU Neural Synthesis (Studio Tier)
106
+ with tts.load(engine="vulkan", model_tier="high") as engine:
107
+ result = engine.synthesize("Pure Vulkan neural execution on mobile.", output="speech.wav")
108
+ print(f"Synthesized in {result.elapsed_ms:.1f}ms (RTF: {result.rtf:.4f}x)")
120
109
 
121
- # Native Android OS Speech Output (Samsung Voice / Google TTS)
122
- with tts.load(engine="native", language="en") as engine:
123
- engine.speak("System notification rendered through device speaker.")
110
+ # 3. Zero-Dependency DSP Formant Synthesis
111
+ with tts.load(engine="dsp", preset="balanced") as engine:
112
+ result = engine.synthesize("Instant speech without model downloads.", output="dsp.wav")
113
+ print(f"DSP Latency: {result.elapsed_ms:.1f}ms")
124
114
  ```
125
115
 
126
- ### 3.3 Node.js / TypeScript SDK
116
+ ### Node.js / TypeScript
127
117
  ```typescript
128
118
  import * as tts from 'termux-tts';
129
119
 
130
120
  async function main() {
131
- // Initialize Vulkan GPU synthesis engine
132
- const engine = new tts.TTSEngine({
133
- engine: 'vulkan',
134
- tier: 'high',
135
- language: 'en'
136
- });
137
-
138
- const result = await engine.synthesize(
139
- "Synthesizing high-resolution neural speech in Node.js on Termux.",
140
- { output: 'node_output.wav', speed: 1.0 }
141
- );
142
-
143
- console.log(`Synthesized in ${result.elapsedMs}ms | RTF: ${result.rtf}x`);
121
+ const engine = tts.load({ engine: 'vulkan', tier: 'high' });
122
+ const res = await engine.synthesize("High performance speech synthesis.", { output: "speech.wav" });
123
+ console.log(`Synthesized in ${res.elapsedMs}ms`);
144
124
  }
145
-
146
- main().catch(console.error);
147
- ```
148
-
149
- ---
150
-
151
- ## 4. Advanced Usage & 4-Tier Speech Architecture
152
-
153
- Termux-TTS features a robust 4-tier synthesis architecture engineered to provide the optimal balance between acoustic fidelity, memory consumption, and compute latency.
154
-
155
- ### 4.1 Architecture Tier Breakdown
156
- 1. **Tier 1: Parametric DSP Formant Vocoder (`engine="dsp"`)**:
157
- - Zero-dependency Rosenberg glottal source pulse generator paired with a 5-band second-order biquad formant resonator filter bank.
158
- - 0MB disk footprint, deterministic latency under 50ms (RTF ~0.013x on ARM Cortex-A78).
159
- - Ideal for embedded alerts, battery-saving modes, and fail-safe recovery.
160
- 2. **Tier 2: Android System Native Voice Bridge (`engine="native"`)**:
161
- - Direct IPC connection to Android `TextToSpeech` service via `termux-api` and Unix domain sockets.
162
- - Zero CPU inference overhead; delegates synthesis and playback to Samsung Voice Engine or Google Speech Services.
163
- 3. **Tier 3: Subprocess-Isolated Sherpa C++ Engine (`engine="neural"`)**:
164
- - CPU-based VITS neural acoustic synthesis with multi-threaded ARM NEON SIMD vectorization.
165
- - Subprocess process-isolation prevents memory fragmentation and native memory leaks during multi-hour continuous execution.
166
- 4. **Tier 4: Pure Vulkan GPU Hardware Neural Engine (`engine="vulkan"`)**:
167
- - End-to-end GPU compute shader pipeline via `sherpa-ncnn` with zero silent CPU fallback.
168
- - Evaluates high-resolution FP16 neural models (`vits-piper-en_US-lessac-high-fp16`) natively on mobile GPU silicon.
169
-
170
- ### 4.2 Emotional & Expressive Conversational Modulation
171
- The Expressive Engine (`engine="expressive"`) injects natural acoustic non-verbal vocalizations directly into neural synthesis:
172
- - `[sigh]` / `[한숨]`: Organic aspiration decay and exhalation acoustic wave.
173
- - `[laugh]` / `[웃음]`: Rhythmic 6.5 Hz glottal laughter bursts with vocal fold resonance.
174
- - `[breath]` / `[호흡]`: Soft physiological inhalation pause.
175
- - `[pause]` / `[쉼]`: Contextual silence spacing.
176
-
177
- ```python
178
- import termux_tts as tts
179
-
180
- with tts.load(engine="expressive", language="en") as engine:
181
- script = (
182
- "Good morning! [breath] We have successfully deployed the system. "
183
- "[laugh] It took all night, [sigh] but everything is operating smoothly now."
184
- )
185
- res = engine.synthesize(script, output="conversational.wav")
186
- print(f"Expressive tags processed: {res.expressive_tags_detected}")
187
- ```
188
-
189
- ### 4.3 Streaming & Real-Time Audio Buffer Manipulation
190
- Inspect and manipulate raw floating-point and 16-bit PCM audio buffers directly in memory before writing to disk:
191
- ```python
192
- import termux_tts as tts
193
-
194
- with tts.load(engine="dsp") as engine:
195
- res = engine.synthesize("Buffer streaming test.")
196
- audio_buf = res.audio_buffer
197
-
198
- # Access raw PCM sample array
199
- samples = audio_buf.samples # np.ndarray (float32, normalized [-1.0, 1.0])
200
- raw_bytes = audio_buf.to_wav_bytes() # RIFF WAV binary stream
201
- print(f"Sample count: {len(samples)}, Duration: {audio_buf.duration_seconds:.3f}s")
125
+ main();
202
126
  ```
203
127
 
204
128
  ---
205
129
 
206
- ## 5. Feature & Parameter Matrix
207
-
208
- ### 5.1 CLI Arguments (`termux-tts synth` & `termux-tts speak`)
209
-
210
- | Option Flag | Argument Type | Default | Description |
211
- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
212
- | `-t`, `--text` | `string` | *(Required)* | Input text or SSML-tagged phrase to synthesize. |
213
- | `-o`, `--output` | `path` | `output.wav` | Destination filesystem path for generated RIFF WAV file. |
214
- | `-l`, `--lang` | `string` | `ko` | Target language code (`en`, `ko`). |
215
- | `-e`, `--engine` | `enum` | `auto` | Engine backend tier: `auto`, `vulkan`, `dsp`, `native`, `neural`, `expressive`. |
216
- | `--tier` | `enum` | `high` | Model resolution profile: `high` (Studio FP16, 57MB), `medium` (Balanced, 25MB). |
217
- | `-p`, `--preset` | `enum` | `balanced` | DSP vocoder profile: `fast`, `balanced`, `expressive`, `ultra`. |
218
- | `-d`, `--device` | `enum` | `auto` | Compute execution device: `auto`, `gpu`, `vulkan`, `cpu`. |
219
- | `-s`, `--speed` | `float` | `1.0` | Speech cadence multiplier (`0.5` to `2.0`). |
220
- | `--threads` | `int` | `4` | Worker threads for CPU ARM NEON SIMD compute (1 for GPU). |
221
- | `--volume` | `int` | `None` | Android media volume level (`1` to `15`). |
222
- | `--play` | `flag` | `False` | Automatically dispatch audio to physical speaker upon synthesis completion. |
223
-
224
- ### 5.2 Python SDK `load()` Parameters
225
-
226
- | Parameter | Type | Default | Description |
227
- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
228
- | `engine` | `str` | `"auto"` | Selects target engine: `"vulkan"`, `"dsp"`, `"native"`, `"neural"`, `"expressive"`. |
229
- | `tier` | `str` | `"high"` | Specifies neural weight tier (`"high"`, `"medium"`). |
230
- | `language` | `str` | `"ko"` | Phonemizer and lexicon locale code. |
231
- | `preset` | `str` | `"balanced"` | Parametric DSP quality level (`"fast"`, `"balanced"`, `"expressive"`, `"ultra"`). |
232
- | `device` | `str` | `"auto"` | Compute target device (`"gpu"`, `"vulkan"`, `"cpu"`, `"auto"`). |
233
- | `threads` | `int` | `4` | CPU concurrency worker count. |
234
- | `model` | `str` | `None` | Optional explicit path to custom VITS or NCNN model directory. |
235
- | `sample_rate`| `int` | `22050` | Audio sampling frequency (Hz). |
236
-
237
- ---
238
-
239
- ## 6. Production Code Examples & Diagnostics
240
-
241
- ### 6.1 Enterprise Batch Speech Pipeline with Fallback Assurance
242
- ```python
243
- import os
244
- import termux_tts as tts
245
- from termux_tts.exceptions import VulkanInitializationError, TTSModelLoadError
246
-
247
- scripts = [
248
- "Alert: Thermal gradient within nominal thresholds.",
249
- "System diagnostics passed all 12 validation gates.",
250
- "Unattended background daemon active on port 8080."
251
- ]
252
-
253
- def synthesize_batch(items, out_dir="dist_audio"):
254
- os.makedirs(out_dir, exist_ok=True)
255
-
256
- # Attempt primary Tier 4 Vulkan GPU engine with Fail-Safe fallback to Tier 1 DSP
257
- try:
258
- engine = tts.load(engine="vulkan", tier="high")
259
- print("[INFO] Initialized Tier 4 Vulkan GPU Neural Engine.")
260
- except (VulkanInitializationError, TTSModelLoadError) as exc:
261
- print(f"[WARN] Hardware acceleration unavailable ({exc}). Falling back to Tier 1 DSP.")
262
- engine = tts.load(engine="dsp", preset="balanced")
263
-
264
- with engine:
265
- for idx, text in enumerate(items):
266
- out_file = os.path.join(out_dir, f"notice_{idx:02d}.wav")
267
- res = engine.synthesize(text, output=out_file)
268
- print(f"[{idx+1}/{len(items)}] Generated '{out_file}' | Backend: {res.backend} | RTF: {res.rtf:.4f}x")
269
-
270
- if __name__ == "__main__":
271
- synthesize_batch(scripts)
272
- ```
273
-
274
- ### 6.2 12-Stage Hardware Diagnostic Validation
275
- Run programmatic health audits to verify Vulkan compute queues, shared memory bindings, and driver integrity:
276
- ```python
277
- from termux_tts.engine import doctor
278
-
279
- report = doctor()
280
- print("Hardware Diagnostic Status:", report["status"])
281
- print("Passed Verification Stages:", report["passed_stages"])
282
- print("Recommended Compute Backend:", report["recommended_backend"])
283
- ```
284
-
285
- ---
286
-
287
- ## 7. Real-World Outputs & Empirical Hardware Benchmarks
288
-
289
- ### 7.1 Empirical Physical Device Benchmarks
290
- All metrics were gathered directly on physical mobile hardware running Android 16 / Termux ARM64:
291
-
292
- | Device Model | Processor Architecture | Synthesis Engine | Model Profile | Audio Length | Inference Time | Real-Time Factor (RTF) | Memory Footprint |
293
- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
294
- | **Galaxy S25** | Snapdragon 8 Elite / Adreno 830 | Vulkan GPU Neural | `lessac-high-fp16` | 6.70 s | **6.65 s** | **0.993x** | 68 MB |
295
- | **Galaxy S25** | Snapdragon 8 Elite / Adreno 830 | Vulkan GPU Neural | `amy-medium` | 4.59 s | **1.21 s** | **0.264x** | 38 MB |
296
- | **Galaxy A35** | Exynos 1380 / Mali-G68 MP5 | Vulkan GPU Neural | `amy-medium` | 4.52 s | **5.18 s** | **1.146x** | 42 MB |
297
- | **Galaxy A35** | Exynos 1380 / Mali-G68 MP5 | Vulkan GPU Neural | `lessac-high-fp16` | 6.73 s | **34.33 s** | **5.098x** | 72 MB |
298
- | **ARM64 CPU** | Cortex-A78 / A55 (Quad-Core) | Parametric DSP Vocoder | 5-Band Biquad | 4.15 s | **0.054 s** | **0.0130x** | **0 MB** |
299
-
300
- > **Real-Time Factor (RTF) Definition**: $\text{RTF} = \frac{\text{Synthesis Latency (Seconds)}}{\text{Generated Audio Duration (Seconds)}}$.
301
- > An RTF under `1.0x` indicates faster-than-realtime synthesis suitable for live interactive voice applications.
302
-
303
- ### 7.2 Verified Audio Samples
304
- Reference audio samples generated directly on-device are included in the repository:
305
- - **Expressive Emotional Output**: [`docs/assets/samples/expressive_demo.wav`](https://github.com/uno-km/termux-tts/blob/main/docs/assets/samples/expressive_demo.wav) — Demonstrates natural aspiration sighs and laughter tags.
306
- - **Parametric DSP Output**: [`docs/assets/samples/dsp_test.wav`](https://github.com/uno-km/termux-tts/blob/main/docs/assets/samples/dsp_test.wav) — Demonstrates 0MB instant formant synthesis.
307
-
308
- ---
309
-
310
- ## 8. GPU Interconnect Architecture & Compatibility
311
-
312
- ```mermaid
313
- flowchart LR
314
- A["Termux-TTS Application Layer"] --> B["AMEVA Hardware Gateway"]
315
- B --> C["/system/lib64/libvulkan.so"]
316
- C --> D{"SoC GPU Silicon"}
317
- D -->|"Adreno 7xx / 8xx (Full SPIR-V FP16)"| E["Qualcomm Snapdragon"]
318
- D -->|"Mali Bifrost / Valhall (Driver Pipelined)"| F["ARM Mali / Exynos"]
319
- E --> G["High-Throughput Shader Core (RTF < 0.3x)"]
320
- F --> H["Balanced Execution (Medium Tier Recommended)"]
321
- ```
322
-
323
- ### 8.1 Vulkan Compute Shader Pipeline
324
- Termux-TTS interfaces directly with `/system/lib64/libvulkan.so` via SPIR-V compute shaders compiled in `sherpa-ncnn`. Tensor matrix multiplications for VITS encoder, duration predictor, and inverse coupling flows execute directly on GPU compute units.
325
-
326
- ### 8.2 Silicon Compatibility Matrix
327
- - **Qualcomm Snapdragon (Adreno 6xx, 7xx, 8xx)**:
328
- - **Status: Tier-1 Full Support**. Hardware FP16 arithmetic instructions, high sub-group sizes, and low dispatch latency deliver real-time factor performance as low as `0.264x`.
329
- - **Samsung Exynos / MediaTek Dimensity (ARM Mali-Gxx / Immortalis)**:
330
- - **Status: Supported (Medium Tier Recommended)**. Works out of the box. Due to Mali driver SPIR-V shader compilation overhead, `--tier medium` (`amy-medium`) is recommended for real-time responsiveness.
331
- - **Strict Zero-Silent-Fallback**:
332
- - If `--engine vulkan` or `--gpu` is specified and no Vulkan driver or compatible hardware is available, Termux-TTS raises `VulkanInitializationError` immediately rather than secretly degrading to CPU execution.
333
-
334
- ---
335
-
336
- ## 8-1. CPU vs. GPU Performance & Thermal Trade-offs
337
-
338
- | Evaluation Metric | CPU Synthesis (ARM Cortex-A78) | Vulkan GPU Neural (Adreno 830) | Parametric DSP (0MB) |
339
- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
340
- | **Real-Time Factor (Medium)** | ~0.85x – 1.10x | **0.264x** (3.5x Faster) | **0.013x** (70x Faster) |
341
- | **Real-Time Factor (Studio High)** | ~3.80x – 5.20x | **0.993x** (Sub-realtime) | N/A (Formant Only) |
342
- | **First-Token Latency (TTFA)** | ~450 ms | ~180 ms | **< 15 ms** |
343
- | **CPU Big-Core Utilization** | 100% across 4 cores | < 15% (Driver Dispatch) | Single Core ~8% |
344
- | **Thermal Dissipation** | High (Thermal Throttling at ~3min) | Low to Moderate | Negligible |
345
- | **Memory Allocation** | ~85 MB Heap | ~38 MB (GPU VRAM Mapped) | **0 MB Disk / < 2MB RAM** |
346
-
347
- Offloading neural acoustic calculations to the Vulkan GPU protects CPU big cores from thermal throttling during prolonged text reading, maintaining consistent interactive responsiveness across Android background services.
348
-
349
- ---
350
-
351
- ## 9. Hardware Requirements & Operational Limits
352
-
353
- ### 9.1 Hardware Specifications
354
-
355
- | Specification Metric | Minimum Requirements | Recommended Production Spec |
356
- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
357
- | **Operating System** | Android 9.0+ (API level 28+) / Linux 5.4+ | Android 12.0+ (API level 31+) |
358
- | **Architecture** | ARM64 (aarch64) or x86_64 | ARM64-v8a / v9a |
359
- | **System RAM** | 2 GB Total (DSP Tier: 512 MB) | 4 GB+ Unified RAM |
360
- | **Storage Footprint** | 10 MB (DSP Only) / 80 MB (Neural) | 250 MB Free Flash Storage |
361
- | **GPU Subsystem** | Vulkan 1.1 Conforming Mobile Driver | Qualcomm Adreno 660 / 730 / 830 or Mali-G78+ |
362
-
363
- ### 9.2 Known Operational Limits
364
- - **32-Bit ARM (armeabi-v7a)**: Not supported for Vulkan GPU neural compute. Use Tier 1 DSP vocoder for legacy 32-bit hardware.
365
- - **Headless SSH Environments**: Audio playback (`--play`) requires Termux-API or PulseAudio daemon running. To output directly without audio hardware, synthesize to `.wav` file.
366
-
367
- ---
368
-
369
- ## 10. 24/7 Unattended Background Execution Guide
370
-
371
- Android aggressively kills background user-space processes running inside Termux unless battery and process monitor policies are explicitly configured. Follow these three stages to ensure uninterrupted 24/7 autonomous speech services:
372
-
373
- ### 10.1 Stage 1: Termux Wake-Lock
374
- Prevent the Android kernel from entering deep CPU sleep states:
375
- ```bash
376
- # Acquire persistent CPU wake-lock
377
- termux-wake-lock
378
- ```
379
-
380
- ### 10.2 Stage 2: Android OS GUI Settings
381
- 1. Navigate to **Android Settings > Apps > Termux > Battery**.
382
- 2. Select **Unrestricted** (Disable battery optimization).
383
- 3. Under **Permissions**, grant **Notifications** and **Display over other apps** (if applicable).
384
-
385
- ### 10.3 Stage 3: ADB Phantom Process Killer Mitigation (Android 12+)
386
- Android 12 introduced the Phantom Process Killer, which terminates child processes exceeding 32 instances or high CPU thresholds. Execute the following commands via PC ADB or wireless debugging:
387
-
388
- ```bash
389
- # Disable Android Phantom Process Killer
390
- adb shell device_config put activity_manager max_phantom_processes 2147483647
391
- adb shell settings put global settings_enable_monitor_phantom_procs false
392
-
393
- # Verify configuration
394
- adb shell settings get global settings_enable_monitor_phantom_procs
395
- # Expected output: false
396
- ```
397
-
398
- ---
399
-
400
- ## 11. Open Source License
401
-
402
- Termux-TTS is open-sourced under the **Apache License, Version 2.0**.
403
-
404
- ```text
405
- Copyright 2026 Eunho Kim (@uno-km) & AMEVA Open-Source Foundation.
406
-
407
- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
408
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
409
- You may obtain a copy of the License at
410
-
411
- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
412
-
413
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
414
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
415
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
416
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
417
- limitations under the License.
418
- ```
419
-
420
- ### Key Licensing Permissions & Terms:
421
- - **Commercial Use**: Permitted without royalty or proprietary source disclosure.
422
- - **Modification & Distribution**: Permitted provided that modified files carry prominent notices.
423
- - **Patent Grant**: Express grant of patent rights from contributors.
424
- - **Trademark**: Does not grant permission to use project trademark names without prior written consent.
425
- - **No Warranty & Limitation of Liability**: Software is provided strictly on an "AS IS" basis.
426
-
427
- ---
428
-
429
- ## 12. SEO Technical Keywords & Metadata
430
-
431
- `tts`, `text-to-speech`, `vulkan`, `vulkan-compute`, `vits`, `piper-tts`, `sherpa-onnx`, `sherpa-ncnn`, `termux`, `android`, `on-device-ai`, `speech-synthesis`, `edge-ai`, `formant-synthesis`, `vocoder`, `mobile-ai`, `adreno`, `mali-gpu`, `dsp`, `rosenberg-glottal`, `biquad-filter`, `expressive-speech`, `voice-cloning`, `audio-generation`, `ncnn`, `arm64`, `snapdragon`, `exynos`, `real-time-factor`, `low-latency`, `zero-dependency`, `voice-assistant`, `headless-audio`, `embedded-systems`
130
+ ## Official Documentation & Benchmarks
131
+ - [Official Architecture & API Reference](https://uno-km.vercel.app/lib/tts/)
132
+ - [Ecosystem Metrics & Registry Stats](https://uno-km.vercel.app/foundation/metrics)
133
+ - [AMEVA Open-Source Foundation Portal](https://uno-km.vercel.app/foundation/index.html)
432
134
 
433
135
  ---
434
136
 
435
- ## Official Documentation & Foundation Ecosystem
436
- - **Official Documentation Portal**: [https://uno-km.vercel.app/lib/tts/](https://uno-km.vercel.app/lib/tts/)
437
- - **GitHub Repository**: [https://github.com/uno-km/termux-tts](https://github.com/uno-km/termux-tts)
438
- - **AMEVA Foundation Portal**: [https://uno-km.vercel.app/foundation/index.html](https://uno-km.vercel.app/foundation/index.html)
137
+ ## License
138
+ Licensed under the Apache-2.0 License. Copyright (c) 2026 Eunho Kim ([@uno-km](https://github.com/uno-km)).