temporal-fmt 0.9.70 → 0.9.71

package/README.md

@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ The package looks large on npm — locales, recurrence, business calendars, time
 - [Mods (advanced, optional)](#mods-advanced-optional) — full guide in [MODS.md](./MODS.md)
 - [Subpath imports](#subpath-imports)
 - [Migrating from Day.js or date-fns](#migrating-from-dayjs-or-date-fns)
-- [Known limitations](#known-limitations)
 - [Related tools](#related-tools)
 - [Testing](#testing)
 - [Contributing](#contributing)
@@ -199,6 +198,8 @@ parse('yyyy-Md', '2026-121', { lenient: true }).toString() // '2026-12-01'
 
 **Heuristic**: if one of the tokens in the ambiguous run is `d` (day), prefer the split where the day value is ≤ 12. The reasoning: someone who glues a run like `"121"` into an `Md` format is more likely to mean Dec 1 (M=12, d=1) than Jan 21 (M=1, d=21) — if they meant Jan 21, they'd more often write it with a separator or padding (`"1/21"`, `"01/21"`). It's not a guarantee, which is exactly why it's opt-in. When the heuristic doesn't narrow it down (both splits have day ≤ 12), or when there's no `d` token in the run at all (e.g. `Hm`), it falls back to the first valid split — deterministic, but arbitrary. Default behavior (lenient unset or `false`) is unchanged either way.
 
+Ambiguity is also easy to avoid outright — the same fixes the heuristic's reasoning hints at: zero-pad the tokens (`MM`/`dd`) or put a literal separator between them (`M/d`), and there's only ever one split to find. Unambiguous glued runs parse fine in strict mode: `"85"` against `yyyy-Md` has exactly one valid split (month 8, day 5), so only genuinely ambiguous input throws. One structural case always throws regardless of ambiguity: a glued run in a format string with no `yyyy` at all (`Md`, `dM`, `Hm` on their own) can never produce a date, since `parse()` needs year, month, and day together to build one (the incomplete-date error in [Typed errors](#typed-errors)).
+
 ### Offset tokens (`X`/`XX`/`XXX`/`x`/`xx`/`xxx`)
 
 The six offset tokens only work on `ZonedDateTime`. On a `PlainDate`/`PlainTime`/`PlainDateTime` they throw the same "requires offset, which this Temporal object doesn't have" error every other field-typed token throws when its field is missing.
@@ -207,6 +208,8 @@ Uppercase (`X`/`XX`/`XXX`) collapses `+00:00` to `Z` for UTC. Lowercase (`x`/`xx
 
 On parse, an offset token needs a full date and time to anchor the instant — same rule `zzz` enforces. With an offset token and no `zzz`, the resulting `ZonedDateTime`'s `timeZoneId` is the offset string itself (e.g. `"+09:00"`). With **both** `zzz` and an offset token, it's a cross-check: `zzz` wins for the result's `timeZoneId` (the IANA name is the meaningful label), and the offset token's value must match that zone's actual offset at the parsed instant. Disagreement throws rather than silently picking one — `parse('yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm zzz XXX', '2026-08-04 15:45 America/New_York +09:00')` throws, because August in New York is `-04:00`, not `+09:00`.
 
+Sub-minute historical offsets: the tokens read `ZonedDateTime`'s `offset` field, which is `±HH:MM` for any modern date but carries a seconds component for pre-railway local-mean-time zones (Europe/London before 1847 surfaces `-00:01:15`). `xxx` is the one variant with a slot for that — it passes a sub-minute offset through verbatim — while the other five throw a descriptive error recommending `xxx` rather than silently truncating the seconds away. Parse-side offset shapes have no seconds group, so a sub-minute offset can't be parsed back through a token; construct the `ZonedDateTime` directly if you need to round-trip one of those.
+
 Range: `-12:00` to `+14:00`, the IANA-supported range. Out-of-range values throw a descriptive error naming the bound.
 
 ## Locales
@@ -832,6 +835,17 @@ parse('yyyy-MM-dd', '٢٠٢٦-٠٨-٠٤', { parseNumberingSystem: 'arab' }).toSt
 
 The two option names are deliberately different (`numberingSystem` vs. `parseNumberingSystem`), not a naming inconsistency — the two directions aren't always symmetric. You might want Arabic-Indic digits in your UI output without expecting Arabic-Indic digits back on input, or the reverse, so a caller mixing `format()` and `parse()` options in one config object can set each independently. `formatToParts()` applies numbering per-part rather than once at the end, so a caller styling individual token parts (one `<span>` per token, say) still gets correctly-transliterated digits in each part instead of plain ASCII. An unsupported system name throws immediately rather than silently falling back to `'latn'`.
 
+Rather than hardcoding a system code, pass `'auto'` to use whichever numeral system the call's locale itself uses, resolved through `Intl.NumberFormat(locale).resolvedOptions().numberingSystem`:
+
+```js
+format(date, 'yyyy-MM-dd', { numberingSystem: 'auto', locale: 'ar-EG' }); // "٢٠٢٦-٠٨-٠٤" — ar-EG's native digits
+format(date, 'yyyy-MM-dd', { numberingSystem: 'auto', locale: 'bn-BD' }); // "২০২৬-০৮-০৪"
+format(date, 'yyyy-MM-dd', { numberingSystem: 'auto' });                  // "2026-08-04" — en-US defaults to latn
+parse('yyyy-MM-dd', '٢٠٢٦-٠٨-٠٤', { parseNumberingSystem: 'auto', locale: 'ar-EG' }); // same resolution, input direction
+```
+
+`'auto'` works the same on both sides and through `createConfig()` (a config's `numberingSystem: 'auto'` resolves per call, against whichever locale that call uses). When the locale's native system isn't one this library can transliterate (Thai digits, Lao, Myanmar, ...), `'auto'` falls back to `'latn'` rather than throwing — only a malformed locale tag throws. Unset still means `'latn'` everywhere; `'auto'` is an opt-in, not a default change.
+
 If you'd rather convert digits yourself instead of going through `format()`/`parse()`'s options — say, transliterating a string that came from somewhere else entirely — the underlying conversion is available directly:
 
 ```js
@@ -1018,15 +1032,6 @@ function formatDate(date, formatStr, opts) {
 
 Migrate file by file, dropping the wrapper once nothing calls the old path anymore.
 
-## Known limitations
-
-- **Numerals default to Western digits** in numeric tokens, regardless of locale, unless you opt into `{ numberingSystem }` / `{ parseNumberingSystem }` — see [Numbering systems](#numbering-systems).
-- **Locale-aware tokens need Node 20+**, native or polyfilled. Untested below that.
-- **You must provide a Temporal implementation** on anything below Node 26 — see [Providing `Temporal`](#providing-temporal).
-- **Pre-1582 dates and locale-aware tokens don't mix well on native Temporal (Node 26+).** `MMMM`/`MMM`/`EEEE`/`EEE` can render the wrong month or weekday for dates before roughly 1582 CE. This is an ICU limitation, not a bug here: ICU's default Gregorian calendar cutover is October 15, 1582, so `Intl.DateTimeFormat.formatToParts()` silently reinterprets earlier dates under the Julian calendar even though `Temporal` itself uses a proleptic Gregorian calendar throughout — see [tc39/ecma402#1003](https://github.com/tc39/ecma402/issues/1003). Numeric tokens never touch `Intl` and aren't affected.
-- **Gluing two unpadded numeric tokens with no separator is ambiguous for some inputs**, and `parse()` throws rather than guessing (`Md`, `dM`, `Hm` against certain input). `"121"` against `yyyy-Md` could mean month 1/day 21 or month 12/day 1 — both valid, no single correct reading. Unambiguous inputs against the same format string parse fine (`"85"` against `yyyy-Md` has only one valid split). Fix it by zero-padding (`MM`/`dd`), adding a separator, or opting into `{ lenient: true }`. Note that `Md` (or `dM`/`Hm`) with no `yyyy` present always throws regardless of ambiguity — `parse()` needs year, month, and day together to build a date at all.
-- **Offset tokens can't express sub-minute historical offsets.** They read `ZonedDateTime.prototype.offset`, which Temporal exposes as `+HH:MM` for any modern date. Historical LMT offsets with seconds (Europe/London before 1847 was `+00:01:15`) aren't reachable through that field, and the offset tokens' regex shapes don't include a seconds group either. Construct the `ZonedDateTime` directly if you need to round-trip one of those. Offset range is bounded to `-12:00` through `+14:00` (Baker Island to Kiritimati) — `+14:01`/`-12:01` throw even though each digit is individually plausible, since no real zone uses an offset past that range.
-
 ## Related tools
 
 Neither of these ships as part of this repository — separate packages. **Both are now deprecated and archived** — single-maintainer bandwidth, no further updates — but the last published versions still work if you want them:

package/dist/{chunk-VXG3VD3D.js → chunk-3SC5AVSY.js}

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import {
   DEFAULT_LOCALE
-} from "./chunk-BQDOTFGC.js";
+} from "./chunk-BQET6RUR.js";
 import {
   InvalidLocaleError,
   normalizeLocaleTag
-} from "./chunk-OLNU4LON.js";
+} from "./chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js";
 import {
   differenceInDays
 } from "./chunk-SC6ENLEB.js";
@@ -62,4 +62,4 @@ export {
   formatRelative,
   formatRelativeToNow
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-VXG3VD3D.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-3SC5AVSY.js.map

package/dist/{chunk-BQDOTFGC.js → chunk-BQET6RUR.js}

@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ import {
   InvalidLocaleError,
   canonicalCacheKey,
   getCustomVocab,
-  normalizeLocaleTag
-} from "./chunk-OLNU4LON.js";
+  normalizeLocaleTag,
+  partValue
+} from "./chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js";
 import {
   dayOfYear,
   isoWeekYearAndWeek
@@ -71,6 +72,19 @@ function intlSupportsNativeTemporal() {
   }
   return nativeSupport;
 }
+var GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_YEAR = 1582;
+var GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_MONTH = 10;
+var GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_DAY = 15;
+function isBeforeGregorianCutover(t) {
+  if (t.year !== GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_YEAR) return Number(t.year) < GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_YEAR;
+  if (t.month !== GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_MONTH) return Number(t.month) < GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_MONTH;
+  return Number(t.day) < GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_DAY;
+}
+function preCutoverGregorianName(temporal, locale, formatterOptions, partType) {
+  const reference = partType === "month" ? new Date(Date.UTC(2020, temporal.month - 1, 1)) : new Date(Date.UTC(2024, 0, temporal.dayOfWeek));
+  const formatter = getFormatter(locale, { ...formatterOptions, timeZone: "UTC" });
+  return partValue(formatter, reference, partType);
+}
 function intlPart(temporal, locale, options, partType) {
   const calendar = temporal?.calendarId;
   const formatterOptions = {
@@ -83,6 +97,9 @@ function intlPart(temporal, locale, options, partType) {
       `temporal-fmt: locale-aware part "${partType}" needs a value that implements toLocaleString (a real Temporal object). A plain field bag cannot render locale-aware names \u2014 pass a Temporal.PlainDate/PlainDateTime/ZonedDateTime.`
     );
   }
+  if ((partType === "month" || partType === "weekday") && formatterOptions.calendar === "gregory" && isBeforeGregorianCutover(temporal)) {
+    return preCutoverGregorianName(temporal, locale, formatterOptions, partType);
+  }
   if (!intlSupportsNativeTemporal()) {
     try {
       return ls.call(temporal, normalizeLocaleTag(locale), formatterOptions);
@@ -364,4 +381,4 @@ export {
   getEffectiveTokens,
   registerToken
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-BQDOTFGC.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-BQET6RUR.js.map

package/dist/chunk-BQET6RUR.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"sources":["../src/tokens.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/*\n * Copyright 2026 DirazCoder\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nimport { getTemporal, subscribeToTemporalChanges } from './temporalProvider.js';\nimport { canonicalCacheKey, getCustomVocab, normalizeLocaleTag, partValue } from './localeVocab.js';\nimport { InvalidLocaleError, FormatSyntaxError } from './errors.js';\nimport { isoWeekYearAndWeek, dayOfYear } from './isoWeek.js';\n\n// Throws the library's standard typed missing-field error for tokens\n// that READ more fields than their TOKENS-table `field` entry declares\n// (the table only drives format()'s single-field precheck). ww/RRRR read\n// year/month/day/dayOfWeek but precheck only dayOfWeek; D/DD/DDD read\n// year/month/day but precheck only day. Without this, a bag carrying the\n// declared field but missing the rest fed undefined into the math and\n// produced literal \"NaN\" output instead of the descriptive error every\n// other token throws.\nfunction requireFields(t: TemporalLike, token: string, ...fields: Array<keyof TemporalLike>): void {\n  for (const field of fields) {\n    if (t[field] === undefined) {\n      throw new FormatSyntaxError({\n        token,\n        message:\n          `temporal-fmt: token \"${token}\" requires \"${field}\", ` +\n          `which this Temporal object doesn't have. ` +\n          `(e.g. PlainDate has no time fields, PlainTime has no date fields)`,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nexport function pad(n: number, len: number): string {\n  // padStart pads the whole string, sign included, so pad(-45, 4) used to\n  // come out \"0-45\" instead of \"-045\" — split the sign off first.\n  const negative = n < 0;\n  const digits = String(Math.abs(n)).padStart(len, '0');\n  return negative ? '-' + digits : digits;\n}\n\n// Combines the three sub-second fields Temporal exposes into one 9-digit\n// nanosecond-of-second value, then truncates (never rounds) to the\n// requested width. Truncating matches what every digit-width token in\n// this library already does elsewhere (yy, MM, dd, ...) — the token\n// asked for N digits of precision, not a rounded N-digit approximation.\n// A caller asking for SSS on a value with nanosecond precision gets the\n// leading 3 digits of it, same as they'd get the leading 3 digits of any\n// other multi-digit field this library formats.\n//\n// Attached to pad() rather than declared standalone: the bundler's\n// per-function coverage instrumentation attributes hits to each of the\n// 9 fraction-token arrow functions individually but not to a shared\n// helper they all close over, so a correctly-exercised helper still\n// shows as 0 hits under c8. pad() itself is called directly all over\n// this file and is reliably attributed — routing through it here keeps\n// the coverage numbers honest without duplicating the slice logic\n// across every token entry below.\npad.fraction = function formatFraction(t: TemporalLike, width: number): string {\n  const nanoOfSecond = t.millisecond! * 1_000_000 + (t.microsecond ?? 0) * 1_000 + (t.nanosecond ?? 0);\n  return pad(nanoOfSecond, 9).slice(0, width);\n};\n\n// Not every field exists on every Temporal type (PlainDate has no .hour,\n// etc). Callers check for undefined before formatting a token.\nexport interface TemporalLike {\n  year?: number;\n  month?: number;\n  day?: number;\n  hour?: number;\n  minute?: number;\n  second?: number;\n  millisecond?: number;\n  microsecond?: number;\n  nanosecond?: number;\n  timeZoneId?: string;\n  // ZonedDateTime.prototype.offset — `±HH:MM` (6 chars) for any modern\n  // date, but pre-1900 local-mean-time zones (e.g. America/New_York\n  // before 1883) surface a seconds component too: `±HH:MM:SS` (9\n  // chars). Format-side offset tokens must check the length rather\n  // than assume 6. Parse-side writes a canonicalized `+HH:MM` here\n  // before handing it to Temporal.ZonedDateTime.from as the\n  // `timeZone` value.\n  offset?: string;\n  dayOfWeek?: number; // 1=Mon, 7=Sun, per Temporal spec\n  calendarId?: string;\n  toInstant?: () => unknown;\n  toLocaleString?: (locale: string, options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions) => string;\n}\n\nexport interface FormatOptions {\n  /** BCP 47 locale tag, e.g. 'en-US', 'fr-FR', 'ar-EG'. Defaults to 'en-US'. */\n  locale?: string;\n  /**\n   * When set on parse(), opts into the lenient split heuristic for ambiguous\n   * glued numeric runs (e.g. \"121\" against \"Md\"). Default (false) keeps\n   * parse()'s strict behavior — throw on ambiguity rather than guess.\n   * See README \"Lenient parse mode\" for the heuristic and why it's opt-in.\n   */\n  lenient?: boolean;\n}\n\nexport const DEFAULT_LOCALE = 'en-US';\n\n// Intl.DateTimeFormat is expensive to construct and format() can run in a\n// loop (rendering a table of dates), so cache by (locale, options).\nconst formatterCache = new Map<string, Intl.DateTimeFormat>();\nconst MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 500;\n\nfunction getFormatter(locale: string, options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions): Intl.DateTimeFormat {\n  const key = JSON.stringify([canonicalCacheKey(locale), options]);\n  let formatter = formatterCache.get(key);\n  if (formatter) {\n    return formatter;\n  }\n  if (formatterCache.size >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE) {\n    // not real LRU, just evicts oldest insertion — fine for this key space\n    const oldestKey = formatterCache.keys().next().value;\n    if (oldestKey !== undefined) formatterCache.delete(oldestKey);\n  }\n  try {\n    formatter = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(normalizeLocaleTag(locale), options);\n  } catch (err) {\n    // Malformed locale tags reach Intl as a bare RangeError; surface the\n    // library's typed error instead (reached via dayPeriodPart — the\n    // 'a' token — on any runtime, and the native-Intl path for the rest).\n    // Every failure mode of this constructor with a string locale is a\n    // RangeError, so converting unconditionally preserves the original\n    // message in `reason` either way.\n    throw new InvalidLocaleError({ actual: locale, reason: (err as Error).message });\n  }\n  formatterCache.set(key, formatter);\n  return formatter;\n}\n\n// Passing a Temporal object straight into `new Intl.DateTimeFormat().formatToParts()`\n// only works when the engine's Intl implementation has special-cased support for\n// *native* Temporal instances (checked via internal slots and/or gated behind a V8 flag,\n// not tied to a specific Node version).\n//\n// A Temporal polyfill's instances don't have those slots, so the engine falls back to ToNumber() -> .valueOf(),\n// which the polyfill deliberately throws on (\"Cannot use valueOf\").\n// Probed once and memoized and only from intlPart(), so it never\n// runs unless a format string actually uses a locale-aware token.\nlet nativeSupport: boolean | undefined;\n// Invalidate the memoized probe whenever setTemporal() swaps the active\n// implementation — otherwise a probe result from \"is native Temporal\n// supported\" could keep being used after the active implementation is\n// no longer the one that was probed. See setTemporal() in\n// temporalProvider.ts for the other half of this.\nsubscribeToTemporalChanges(() => { nativeSupport = undefined; });\n\nfunction intlSupportsNativeTemporal(): boolean {\n  if (nativeSupport === undefined) {\n    nativeSupport = false;\n      try {\n        const temporal = getTemporal();\n        new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', { day: 'numeric' })\n          .formatToParts(temporal.PlainDate.from({ year: 1970, month: 1, day: 1 }) as Date);\n        // Version-gated, not dead — see the matching note on the\n        // !intlSupportsNativeTemporal() branch in intlPart() below for\n        // why this can't be exercised from this environment.\n        /* c8 ignore next */\n        nativeSupport = true;\n      /* c8 ignore start */\n      } catch {\n        // native Temporal absent, or present but not recognized by Intl — fall back.\n        // Version-gated, not dead: this catch only fires on runtimes where the\n        // probe above throws (no native Temporal, or Intl doesn't recognize it).\n        // On a runtime with full native support (e.g. Node builds where Intl\n        // accepts native Temporal instances directly) the try succeeds and this\n        // branch is unreachable — mirror case of the block below.\n      }\n      /* c8 ignore stop */\n  }\n  return nativeSupport;\n}\n\n// The Julian → Gregorian cutover, as ICU applies it. ICU's gregory\n// calendar (unlike Temporal's, which is proleptic Gregorian throughout)\n// treats every date before October 15, 1582 as a Julian-calendar date:\n// the Julian calendar ran ~10 days behind proleptic Gregorian in that\n// era, so a date Temporal correctly calls 1500-07-05 gets silently\n// reinterpreted by Intl as Julian 1500-06-25 — the wrong month near\n// boundaries, and a weekday shifted by 10 mod 7 = 3 slots everywhere.\n// See tc39/ecma402#1003. Whether the cutover is even observable varies\n// by engine and entry point (V8's plain-Date path disables it; the\n// native-Temporal formatToParts path on some Node 26 builds does not),\n// so this can't be probed reliably at runtime — pre-cutover dates have\n// to be routed around Intl's calendar math entirely.\nconst GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_YEAR = 1582;\nconst GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_MONTH = 10;\nconst GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_DAY = 15;\n\n// True when the Temporal object's own (proleptic-Gregorian, hence\n// trustworthy) fields place it before the ICU cutover. Deliberately\n// NaN-tolerant rather than undefined-checking: a Temporal type that\n// lacks one of these fields (PlainMonthDay has no year, PlainYearMonth\n// no day) feeds undefined into Number(), every NaN comparison is false,\n// and the object falls out as \"not before the cutover\" onto its existing\n// formatting path — no undefined-specific branches to keep covered, and\n// no behavior change for field-partial types.\nfunction isBeforeGregorianCutover(t: TemporalLike): boolean {\n  if (t.year !== GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_YEAR) return Number(t.year) < GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_YEAR;\n  if (t.month !== GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_MONTH) return Number(t.month) < GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_MONTH;\n  return Number(t.day) < GREGORIAN_CUTOVER_DAY;\n}\n\n// Renders a locale-aware month/weekday name for a pre-cutover date\n// WITHOUT ever handing the date itself to Intl. Intl is used purely as a\n// name lookup table indexed by month/weekday number — never as the thing\n// that computes which month/weekday a historical date falls on, which is\n// the computation the Julian cutover corrupts. The number comes straight\n// off the Temporal object's own fields (proleptic-Gregorian-correct by\n// construction, since that's what Temporal is), and the name comes from\n// formatting a safe modern reference date carrying that same number.\n//\n// The reference dates are deliberately the same ones getLocaleVocab()\n// (localeVocab.ts) uses to build the parse-side vocabulary — 2020-mm-01\n// for months, the Monday-anchored 2024-01-01..07 week for weekdays — so\n// format() output for a pre-cutover date is byte-identical to what\n// parse() matches against, and round-trips keep working. partValue()\n// gives us the same adjacent-literal merging (ja-JP's \"8月\") the vocab\n// builder uses, for the same reason.\nfunction preCutoverGregorianName(\n  temporal: TemporalLike,\n  locale: string,\n  formatterOptions: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions,\n  partType: 'month' | 'weekday'\n): string {\n  // timeZone: 'UTC' matters: the references are built via Date.UTC\n  // (midnight UTC), and without pinning the formatter's zone a host\n  // timezone behind UTC would shift them to the previous local day.\n  // month/dayOfWeek are guaranteed present — format()'s field precheck\n  // for MMMM/MMM ('month') and EEEE/EEE ('dayOfWeek') ran before the\n  // token handler was invoked at all.\n  const reference = partType === 'month'\n    ? new Date(Date.UTC(2020, temporal.month! - 1, 1))\n    : new Date(Date.UTC(2024, 0, temporal.dayOfWeek!));\n  const formatter = getFormatter(locale, { ...formatterOptions, timeZone: 'UTC' });\n  return partValue(formatter, reference, partType);\n}\n\nfunction intlPart(\n  temporal: TemporalLike,\n  locale: string,\n  options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions,\n  partType: Intl.DateTimeFormatPartTypes\n): string {\n  // Intl throws \"Mismatching Calendars\" if the formatter's calendar doesn't\n  // match the object's own (e.g. en-US formatter defaults to gregory, but\n  // a hebrew/islamic PlainDate needs its own calendar passed through).\n  //\n  // For iso8601 specifically, force 'gregory' rather than leaving calendar\n  // unset: numeric fields (yyyy/dd, see tokens' pad()-based handlers) are\n  // always pulled straight off the object's own ISO fields — so if the\n  // *locale* carries a `-u-ca-*` extension (e.g. 'en-u-ca-hebrew') and this\n  // step left calendar unset, the formatter would resolve its own default\n  // calendar from the locale and format MMMM/EEEE in that calendar while\n  // yyyy/dd stay ISO, producing a date that looks internally consistent\n  // (a real Hebrew month name next to a real-looking day/year) but names a\n  // completely different day than the object actually represents. Forcing\n  // 'gregory' here keeps every field of an ISO object's output anchored to\n  // the same (ISO/Gregorian) calendar — a locale's calendar extension only\n  // takes effect when the object itself already carries a non-ISO calendar\n  // (via `.withCalendar()`), matching what the README documents.\n  //\n  // 'gregory' specifically, not 'iso8601' — passing `calendar: 'iso8601'`\n  // explicitly alongside a single-field options object makes\n  // formatToParts() come back empty for some reason, but 'gregory' doesn't\n  // have that problem and Temporal's iso8601 calendar is Gregorian-shaped\n  // (proleptic Gregorian throughout, no Julian cutover) so the two agree\n  // on every numeric field this library ever reads.\n  const calendar = temporal?.calendarId;\n  const formatterOptions: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions = {\n    ...options,\n    calendar: calendar && calendar !== 'iso8601' ? calendar : 'gregory',\n  };\n\n  // Field-bag guard: a plain { year, month, day } object only has\n  // Object.prototype.toLocaleString, which ignores both arguments and\n  // returns \"[object Object]\". On engines without native Temporal\n  // support in Intl this used to be caught below, but on engines where\n  // Intl *does* recognize native Temporal instances (Node 26+), a bag\n  // skips that branch entirely and reaches formatToParts() directly —\n  // which doesn't throw \"[object Object]\", it throws a bare\n  // \"RangeError: Invalid time value\" once the bag fails ToNumber()\n  // coercion. Neither failure mode is useful to a caller, so check for\n  // a real toLocaleString up front, before branching on native support,\n  // so the descriptive error fires on every engine.\n  const ls = temporal.toLocaleString;\n  if (typeof ls !== 'function' || ls === Object.prototype.toLocaleString) {\n    throw new Error(\n      `temporal-fmt: locale-aware part \"${partType}\" needs a value that implements ` +\n      `toLocaleString (a real Temporal object). A plain field bag cannot render ` +\n      `locale-aware names — pass a Temporal.PlainDate/PlainDateTime/ZonedDateTime.`\n    );\n  }\n\n  // Pre-1582 cutover guard. ICU's gregory calendar reinterprets dates\n  // before October 15, 1582 under Julian-calendar rules (see the long\n  // comment on isBeforeGregorianCutover above for the why), so for those\n  // dates Intl must never be handed the Temporal object itself — neither\n  // through formatToParts() below nor through toLocaleString() in the\n  // polyfill branch — since either route lets ICU's calendar math decide\n  // which month/weekday the date falls on, and that's exactly what the\n  // cutover corrupts. Route month/weekday name lookups through a safe\n  // modern reference date instead (preCutoverGregorianName above). Only\n  // month/weekday parts are affected: era is AD/CE either way for CE\n  // dates, and timeZoneName depends on the instant, not the calendar.\n  // Only Gregorian-shaped objects take this path — a Temporal object\n  // carrying a non-Gregorian calendar (hebrew, islamic, ...) has its\n  // month/weekday fields in that calendar already, and ICU's\n  // non-Gregorian calendars don't apply the Julian cutover at all, so\n  // feeding one through a gregory-keyed reference lookup would index the\n  // wrong month number into the wrong calendar. Custom vocabs never\n  // reach here (localeAwareName resolves them before calling intlPart).\n  if (\n    (partType === 'month' || partType === 'weekday') &&\n    formatterOptions.calendar === 'gregory' &&\n    isBeforeGregorianCutover(temporal)\n  ) {\n    return preCutoverGregorianName(temporal, locale, formatterOptions, partType);\n  }\n\n  // Temporal.prototype.toLocaleString() is part of the Temporal spec itself:\n  // polyfills implement the ICU formatting internally without needing the\n  // engine to recognize the object, so it works without native Intl support.\n  //\n  // Everything from here to the end of this function is genuinely\n  // reachable — NOT dead code — but only on a Node build where a global\n  // `Temporal` exists AND Intl.DateTimeFormat.formatToParts() recognizes\n  // native Temporal instances directly (this is real, observed to vary\n  // across Node versions: absent on the Node 22/24 builds this suite has\n  // been run against, present on at least one Node 26 build). This\n  // environment has no native Temporal (`typeof globalThis.Temporal ===\n  // 'undefined'`), so intlSupportsNativeTemporal() always returns false\n  // here and this branch can't be exercised from this test suite without\n  // faking native-instance recognition, which turned out to be\n  // impractical (Intl's native-Temporal detection isn't spoofable via a\n  // Proxy or valueOf() shim — see the M-02 regression test in\n  // temporalProvider.test.js for the same conclusion reached about the\n  // sibling probe function). Coverage numbers for this block will differ\n  // between Node versions for that reason; that's expected, not a\n  // regression.\n  /* c8 ignore start */\n  if (!intlSupportsNativeTemporal()) {\n    // normalizeLocaleTag: the active Temporal implementation's\n    // toLocaleString forwards the locale to Intl.DateTimeFormat, which\n    // (unlike this library's cache keys) rejects underscore-separated\n    // tags like 'en_US' outright.\n    // (Field-bag guard now runs unconditionally above, before this\n    // native-support branch, so it's not repeated here.)\n    try {\n      return ls.call(temporal, normalizeLocaleTag(locale), formatterOptions);\n    } catch (err) {\n      // The active Temporal implementation forwards the tag to Intl, which\n      // throws a bare RangeError for a malformed one — rethrow typed.\n      if (err instanceof RangeError) {\n        throw new InvalidLocaleError({ actual: locale, reason: err.message });\n      }\n      throw err;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // formatToParts() throws on ZonedDateTime directly (per spec), so convert\n  // to Instant and pass the zone via `timeZone` instead. Don't convert to\n  // PlainDateTime — that drops the zone, which breaks 'MMMM' + 'zzz' combos.\n  const { toInstant, timeZoneId } = temporal;\n  const isZoned = typeof toInstant === 'function' && typeof timeZoneId === 'string';\n  // has to be called as temporal.toInstant() because destructuring it off breaks\n  // the receiver and throws\n  const intlSafeTemporal = isZoned ? temporal.toInstant!() : temporal;\n  const nativeOptions: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions = {\n    ...formatterOptions,\n    ...(isZoned ? { timeZone: timeZoneId } : {}),\n  };\n\n  const formatter = getFormatter(locale, nativeOptions);\n  const parts = formatter.formatToParts(intlSafeTemporal as Date | number);\n  const index = parts.findIndex((p) => p.type === partType);\n  if (index === -1) {\n    throw new Error(\n      `temporal-fmt: locale \"${locale}\" produced no \"${partType}\" part for this token. ` +\n      `This usually means the Temporal object is missing the field the token needs.`\n    );\n  }\n  // some locales (ja-JP) split a field across two parts — e.g. month \"8\"\n  // plus a counter suffix \"月\" as a separate sibling literal part. Merge in\n  // an adjacent literal only if it has no whitespace, so a genuine suffix\n  // gets folded in but an ordinary separator (the space before \"AM\") stays\n  // a separator. Mirrors partValue() in localeVocab.ts, which builds the\n  // vocab this token's output needs to match for parse() to round-trip.\n  let value = parts[index]!.value;\n  const prev = parts[index - 1];\n  const next = parts[index + 1];\n  if (prev?.type === 'literal' && !/\\s/.test(prev.value)) value = prev.value + value;\n  if (next?.type === 'literal' && !/\\s/.test(next.value)) value = value + next.value;\n  return value;\n}\n/* c8 ignore stop */\n\n// Temporal.prototype.toLocaleString() can't isolate a single field the way\n// formatToParts() can — asking for `hour` + `dayPeriod` together returns one\n// joined string (e.g. \"3 in the afternoon\"), and `dayPeriod` alone resolves\n// against a different, non-hour-anchored set of periods (\"in the\n// afternoon\"/\"昼\" instead of \"PM\"/\"午後\"). Day period only depends on the\n// hour anyway, so route it through a plain UTC Date and Intl.DateTimeFormat\n// instead — that's worked the same on every engine regardless of whether\n// Temporal itself is native or polyfilled.\nfunction dayPeriodPart(hour: number, locale: string): string {\n  // Custom vocab (when registered) takes precedence over Intl — same\n  // contract as the other locale-aware tokens. Intl won't know about a\n  // caller-supplied AM/PM string for a made-up locale key, so going\n  // through Intl would produce something other than what the caller\n  // registered.\n  const custom = getCustomVocab(locale);\n  if (custom) {\n    return hour < 12 ? custom.dayPeriod[0]! : custom.dayPeriod[1]!;\n  }\n  const date = new Date(Date.UTC(1970, 0, 1, hour));\n  const formatter = getFormatter(locale, { hour: 'numeric', hour12: true, timeZone: 'UTC' });\n  const part = formatter.formatToParts(date).find((p) => p.type === 'dayPeriod');\n  // Defensive guard, confirmed unreachable on this ICU build: forcing\n  // hour12: true (as this call always does) produces a dayPeriod part\n  // for every locale checked, including 24-hour-clock locales (ja-JP,\n  // zh-CN, th-TH, he-IL) and a wide sweep of less-common tags (dz-BT,\n  // bo-CN, am-ET, etc.). Same finding as partValue()'s twin guard in\n  // localeVocab.ts. Kept in case a future ICU/locale-data update\n  // produces a locale that genuinely omits it.\n  /* c8 ignore start */\n  if (!part) {\n    throw new Error(`temporal-fmt: locale \"${locale}\" produced no \"dayPeriod\" part for token \"a\".`);\n  }\n  /* c8 ignore stop */\n  return part.value;\n}\n\n// Resolves a locale-aware month/weekday name from the registered custom\n// vocab when one exists for this locale, falling through to Intl otherwise.\n// Without this, format() would silently keep producing Intl's strings while\n// parse() matched against the registered vocab — the two would round-trip-fail\n// against each other.\nfunction localeAwareName(\n  temporal: TemporalLike,\n  locale: string,\n  options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions,\n  partType: Intl.DateTimeFormatPartTypes,\n  customArray: string[] | undefined,\n  customIndex: number | undefined,\n): string {\n  if (customArray && customIndex !== undefined && customIndex >= 0 && customIndex < customArray.length) {\n    return customArray[customIndex]!;\n  }\n  return intlPart(temporal, locale, options, partType);\n}\n\n// Formats a `±HH:MM` offset string (the shape Temporal exposes on\n// ZonedDateTime.prototype.offset) into one of the six offset-token widths.\n// Width and Z-handling come from the variant letter+case:\n//\n//   X / x   — short form: minutes omitted when zero, no colon otherwise\n//   XX / xx — hours + minutes, no colon\n//   XXX / xxx — hours + minutes, with colon\n//\n// Uppercase (X) collapses +00:00 to \"Z\"; lowercase (x) always emits a\n// numeric offset, even for UTC. Mirrors the date-fns/Unicode-LDML offset\n// family — see README for the full variant table.\nfunction formatOffset(offset: string, variant: 'X' | 'XX' | 'XXX' | 'x' | 'xx' | 'xxx'): string {\n  if (offset === '+00:00' && (variant === 'X' || variant === 'XX' || variant === 'XXX')) {\n    return 'Z';\n  }\n  // Most offsets are 6 chars: sign + HH + ':' + MM. Pre-1900 local-mean-time\n  // zones can surface a seconds component too, 9 chars: sign + HH + ':' +\n  // MM + ':' + SS. \"xxx\" is the one variant with a always-signed,\n  // never-\"Z\" colon-separated shape wide enough to carry that unchanged,\n  // so it passes a sub-minute offset through verbatim. Every other\n  // variant has no seconds slot and must throw rather than silently\n  // truncate them away.\n  if (offset.length > 6) {\n    if (variant === 'xxx') {\n      return offset;\n    }\n    throw new Error(\n      `temporal-fmt: token \"${variant}\" cannot represent the offset \"${offset}\", ` +\n      `which has a seconds component. None of the X/XX/XXX/x/xx tokens ` +\n      `support offset seconds; use \"xxx\" instead, which formats the full ` +\n      `offset unchanged.`\n    );\n  }\n  const sign = offset[0]!;\n  const hours = offset.slice(1, 3);\n  const minutes = offset.slice(4, 6);\n  switch (variant) {\n    case 'X': case 'x':\n      // minutes only matter when they're non-zero — otherwise drop them\n      // entirely. Matches LDML: \"With a single X, the hours field is\n      // required. The minutes field is optional, but only if the\n      // minutes value is 0.\"\n      return minutes === '00' ? `${sign}${hours}` : `${sign}${hours}${minutes}`;\n    case 'XX': case 'xx':\n      return `${sign}${hours}${minutes}`;\n    case 'XXX': case 'xxx':\n      return `${sign}${hours}:${minutes}`;\n  }\n}\n\ntype TokenHandler = (t: TemporalLike, locale: string) => string;\n\n// Longest-first — tokenizer is greedy, \"yyyy\" has to be tried before \"yy\".\n//\n// Numeric tokens always render in ASCII digits, never locale-native\n// (Arabic-Indic, Devanagari, etc). Padding non-ASCII digits isn't as simple\n// as padding \"3\", and most consumers parsing these back out want plain\n// digits anyway.\nexport const TOKENS: Array<[string, TokenHandler, keyof TemporalLike]> = [\n  ['yyyy', (t) => pad(t.year!, 4), 'year'],\n  ['yy', (t) => {\n    // -45 % 100 === -45, so truncating negative years to 2 digits doesn't\n    // work and Math.abs() would make 45 CE and 45 BCE render the same.\n    if (t.year! < 0) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `temporal-fmt: token \"yy\" doesn't support negative years (got ${t.year}), ` +\n        `since truncating to 2 digits would make it indistinguishable from a ` +\n        `positive year. Use \"yyyy\" instead.`\n      );\n    }\n    return pad(t.year! % 100, 2);\n  }, 'year'],\n  // Unpadded year — no minimum width, unlike yyyy's fixed 4 digits.\n  // pad(n, 0) still does the right thing here: Math.abs(n) with no\n  // padStart floor just yields the plain digit string, and the sign\n  // handling (split off before padding) already covers negative years,\n  // so this doesn't need its own sign branch the way \"yy\" does.\n  ['y', (t) => pad(t.year!, 0), 'year'],\n  ['MMMM', (t, locale) => {\n    const custom = getCustomVocab(locale);\n    return localeAwareName(t, locale, { month: 'long' }, 'month', custom?.monthLong, t.month! - 1);\n  }, 'month'],\n  ['MMM', (t, locale) => {\n    const custom = getCustomVocab(locale);\n    return localeAwareName(t, locale, { month: 'short' }, 'month', custom?.monthShort, t.month! - 1);\n  }, 'month'],\n  ['MM', (t) => pad(t.month!, 2), 'month'],\n  ['M', (t) => String(t.month!), 'month'],\n  ['dd', (t) => pad(t.day!, 2), 'day'],\n  ['d', (t) => String(t.day!), 'day'],\n  ['EEEE', (t, locale) => {\n    const custom = getCustomVocab(locale);\n    return localeAwareName(t, locale, { weekday: 'long' }, 'weekday', custom?.weekdayLong, t.dayOfWeek! - 1);\n  }, 'dayOfWeek'],\n  ['EEE', (t, locale) => {\n    const custom = getCustomVocab(locale);\n    return localeAwareName(t, locale, { weekday: 'short' }, 'weekday', custom?.weekdayShort, t.dayOfWeek! - 1);\n  }, 'dayOfWeek'],\n  ['HH', (t) => pad(t.hour!, 2), 'hour'],\n  ['H', (t) => String(t.hour!), 'hour'],\n  ['hh', (t) => pad(t.hour! % 12 || 12, 2), 'hour'],\n  ['h', (t) => String(t.hour! % 12 || 12), 'hour'],\n  ['mm', (t) => pad(t.minute!, 2), 'minute'],\n  ['m', (t) => String(t.minute!), 'minute'],\n  ['ss', (t) => pad(t.second!, 2), 'second'],\n  ['s', (t) => String(t.second!), 'second'],\n  // Fractional-second tokens, S through SSSSSSSSS (1-9 digits). Each token\n  // formats a slice of the same underlying nanosecond-of-second value —\n  // combining millisecond/microsecond/nanosecond into one 9-digit number\n  // and truncating to the token's width — so \"SSS\" keeps meaning exactly\n  // what it always meant (3-digit milliseconds) while wider tokens expose\n  // the precision Temporal actually carries. formatFraction below is the\n  // shared implementation; see its comment for the truncate-not-round\n  // rule and why.\n  ['SSSSSSSSS', (t) => pad.fraction(t, 9), 'millisecond'],\n  ['SSSSSSSS', (t) => pad.fraction(t, 8), 'millisecond'],\n  ['SSSSSSS', (t) => pad.fraction(t, 7), 'millisecond'],\n  ['SSSSSS', (t) => pad.fraction(t, 6), 'millisecond'],\n  ['SSSSS', (t) => pad.fraction(t, 5), 'millisecond'],\n  ['SSSS', (t) => pad.fraction(t, 4), 'millisecond'],\n  ['SSS', (t) => pad.fraction(t, 3), 'millisecond'],\n  ['SS', (t) => pad.fraction(t, 2), 'millisecond'],\n  ['S', (t) => pad.fraction(t, 1), 'millisecond'],\n  // dayPeriod text is locale-specific (AM/PM in en-US, م/ص in ar-EG) but\n  // still needs .hour on the input to compute which period it is\n  ['a', (t, locale) => dayPeriodPart(t.hour!, locale), 'hour'],\n  ['zzz', (t) => t.timeZoneId!, 'timeZoneId'],\n  // Numeric UTC offset tokens (date-fns/Unicode-LDML family). Only\n  // ZonedDateTime carries an offset, so the field check in format() throws\n  // the same \"requires offset, which this Temporal object doesn't have\"\n  // error zzz throws on PlainDate/PlainTime/PlainDateTime — same\n  // validation path, just a different field name. See formatOffset above\n  // for the per-variant width and Z/numeric distinction.\n  ['xxx', (t) => formatOffset(t.offset!, 'xxx'), 'offset'],\n  ['xx', (t) => formatOffset(t.offset!, 'xx'), 'offset'],\n  ['X', (t) => formatOffset(t.offset!, 'X'), 'offset'],\n  ['XX', (t) => formatOffset(t.offset!, 'XX'), 'offset'],\n  ['XXX', (t) => formatOffset(t.offset!, 'XXX'), 'offset'],\n  ['x', (t) => formatOffset(t.offset!, 'x'), 'offset'],\n\n  // Ordinal day (1st, 2nd, 3rd, ... 21st). English suffix rules only —\n  // locale-aware ordinals (\"2.\" in de-DE, \"2日\" in ja-JP) are out of scope,\n  // since the rest of this library routes locale-specific names through\n  // Intl.DateTimeFormat, and Intl has no part type for ordinals. Format-only:\n  // the suffix isn't structurally distinguishable from a literal in a parse\n  // context (a \"st\"/\"nd\"/\"rd\"/\"th\" suffix isn't a digit and would collide\n  // with any adjacent literal text), so there's no good way to read it back.\n  ['do', (t) => {\n    const day = t.day!;\n    const lastDigit = day % 10;\n    // 11, 12, 13 are the exception — they'd otherwise match the 1/2/3 rule\n    // and produce \"11st\"/\"12nd\"/\"13rd\", which is wrong. They always take \"th\".\n    const lastTwoDigits = day % 100;\n    if (lastTwoDigits >= 11 && lastTwoDigits <= 13) {\n      return day + 'th';\n    }\n    if (lastDigit === 1) return day + 'st';\n    if (lastDigit === 2) return day + 'nd';\n    if (lastDigit === 3) return day + 'rd';\n    return day + 'th';\n  }, 'day'],\n\n  // Quarter computed from month: 1-3=Q1, 4-6=Q2, 7-9=Q3, 10-12=Q4.\n  // `Q` is plain numeric, `QQQ` renders as \"Q3\" — same convention as\n  // date-fns's `Q` and `QQQ` for parity with the most common prior art.\n  // Both format and parse; parse() cross-checks Q/QQQ against the parsed\n  // month in the same spirit as the EEEE-vs-date cross-check.\n  ['Q', (t) => String(Math.ceil(t.month! / 3)), 'month'],\n  ['QQQ', (t) => 'Q' + Math.ceil(t.month! / 3), 'month'],\n\n  // ISO 8601 week and week-numbering year. Both are format-only — parsing\n  // \"ww\"/\"RRRR\" back into a real date requires resolving an ISO week + a\n  // weekday (or some other disambiguator) to a specific date, which is a\n  // different parsing surface than the token-based parse() here. The\n  // ISO-week year (RRRR) can differ from the calendar year at the boundary:\n  // Dec 29-31 often belong to week 1 of the *next* year; Jan 1-3 often\n  // belong to week 52/53 of the *previous* year. See isoWeekYearAndWeek().\n  ['ww', (t) => {\n    requireFields(t, 'ww', 'year', 'month', 'day');\n    const { week } = isoWeekYearAndWeek(t.year!, t.month!, t.day!, t.dayOfWeek!);\n    return pad(week, 2);\n  }, 'dayOfWeek'],\n  ['RRRR', (t) => {\n    requireFields(t, 'RRRR', 'year', 'month', 'day');\n    const { isoYear } = isoWeekYearAndWeek(t.year!, t.month!, t.day!, t.dayOfWeek!);\n    return pad(isoYear, 4);\n  }, 'dayOfWeek'],\n\n  // Day of year — number of days since Jan 1 (1-366). Three widths:\n  //   D    — unpadded (1, 2, 366)\n  //   DD   — 2-digit minimum (zero-padded if <100)\n  //   DDD  — 3-digit zero-padded (001, 002, 366)\n  // Format-only — parsing day-of-year requires resolving against a year,\n  // which is a different shape from the token-based parse() surface.\n  // The dayOfYearHelper() in calendarUtils.ts covers the same field for\n  // callers who need the numeric value.\n  ['D', (t) => {\n    requireFields(t, 'D', 'year', 'month');\n    return String(dayOfYear(t.year!, t.month!, t.day!));\n  }, 'day'],\n  ['DD', (t) => {\n    requireFields(t, 'DD', 'year', 'month');\n    return pad(dayOfYear(t.year!, t.month!, t.day!), 2);\n  }, 'day'],\n  ['DDD', (t) => {\n    requireFields(t, 'DDD', 'year', 'month');\n    return pad(dayOfYear(t.year!, t.month!, t.day!), 3);\n  }, 'day'],\n\n  // Stand-alone month — uses Intl's stand-alone form. In most locales\n  // (en, fr, de, es) this is identical to MMMM/MMM. In Slavic/Baltic\n  // locales (cs, sk, pl, ru) the stand-alone form differs from the\n  // format form (nominative vs genitive case). LLLL = long, LLL = short.\n  ['LLLL', (t, locale) => {\n    const custom = getCustomVocab(locale);\n    return localeAwareName(t, locale, { month: 'long' }, 'month', custom?.monthLong, t.month! - 1);\n  }, 'month'],\n  ['LLL', (t, locale) => {\n    const custom = getCustomVocab(locale);\n    return localeAwareName(t, locale, { month: 'short' }, 'month', custom?.monthShort, t.month! - 1);\n  }, 'month'],\n\n  // Stand-alone weekday — same pattern as stand-alone month but for\n  // weekday names. cccc = long, ccc = short.\n  ['cccc', (t, locale) => {\n    const custom = getCustomVocab(locale);\n    return localeAwareName(t, locale, { weekday: 'long' }, 'weekday', custom?.weekdayLong, t.dayOfWeek! - 1);\n  }, 'dayOfWeek'],\n  ['ccc', (t, locale) => {\n    const custom = getCustomVocab(locale);\n    return localeAwareName(t, locale, { weekday: 'short' }, 'weekday', custom?.weekdayShort, t.dayOfWeek! - 1);\n  }, 'dayOfWeek'],\n\n  // Era — locale-aware (\"AD\"/\"BC\" in en, \"ap. J.-C.\"/\"av. J.-C.\" in fr).\n  // GGGG = long, G = short. Format-only.\n  ['GGGG', (t, locale) => {\n    return intlPart(t, locale, { era: 'long' }, 'era');\n  }, 'year'],\n  ['G', (t, locale) => {\n    return intlPart(t, locale, { era: 'short' }, 'era');\n  }, 'year'],\n\n  // Localized timezone name — uses Intl's longLocalized/short timezone\n  // name option. Format-only — these names are locale-dependent and\n  // vary by season (EST vs EDT), so parsing them back requires a\n  // lookup table that isn't practical to ship.\n  ['zzzz', (t, locale) => {\n    return intlPart(t, locale, { timeZoneName: 'longGeneric' as Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions['timeZoneName'] }, 'timeZoneName' as Intl.DateTimeFormatPartTypes);\n  }, 'timeZoneId'],\n  ['z', (t, locale) => {\n    return intlPart(t, locale, { timeZoneName: 'short' as Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions['timeZoneName'] }, 'timeZoneName' as Intl.DateTimeFormatPartTypes);\n  }, 'timeZoneId'],\n\n];\n\n// Mod-registered tokens, layered on top of the static TOKENS above.\n// Last-write-wins by name (same rule as registerLocale and\n// createFormatter's own token merging) — a second registerFormatToken()\n// call for a name already claimed, whether that name came from another\n// mod or from TOKENS itself, replaces the earlier entry. See\n// registerFormatToken() in runtime.ts for why this beats a hard error:\n// Mod.priority exists precisely so an author can control who wins a\n// shared key, and that only means something if collisions actually\n// resolve instead of throwing.\nconst registeredTokens = new Map<string, [string, TokenHandler, keyof TemporalLike]>();\n\n// tokenize.ts and format.ts each derive a lookup table from TOKENS at\n// import time (SORTED_TOKEN_STRINGS, HANDLER_BY_TOKEN). Once mods can\n// add tokens after those tables are built, something has to tell both\n// modules to rebuild — this is that hook. Both subscribers rebuild in\n// the same call so the tokenizer's idea of \"is this a token\" and\n// format()'s idea of \"what does this token do\" can never drift apart\n// (the c8-ignored \"impossible\" branches in format.ts assume exactly\n// that they can't).\nconst rebuildListeners: Array<() => void> = [];\n\nexport function onTokenTableChange(listener: () => void): void {\n  rebuildListeners.push(listener);\n}\n\n// All tokens currently in effect: built-ins plus mod-registered,\n// mod-registered winning on a name clash. Recomputed on every call\n// rather than cached here — registration only happens at mod-load\n// time, so there's no hot-path cost to paying for the rebuild each time\n// a listener fires.\nexport function getEffectiveTokens(): Array<[string, TokenHandler, keyof TemporalLike]> {\n  const merged = new Map(TOKENS.map((t) => [t[0], t] as const));\n  for (const [name, entry] of registeredTokens) merged.set(name, entry);\n  return [...merged.values()];\n}\n\nexport function registerToken(token: [string, TokenHandler, keyof TemporalLike]): void {\n  registeredTokens.set(token[0], token);\n  for (const listener of rebuildListeners) listener();\n}\n\n// Test-only: clears mod-registered tokens and notifies subscribers, so\n// one test file's registerFormatToken() call can't leak into the next.\n// Mirrors _resetOverridesForTesting() in runtime.ts.\nexport function _resetRegisteredTokensForTesting(): void {\n  registeredTokens.clear();\n  for (const listener of rebuildListeners) 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package/dist/{chunk-UU2XN6N2.js → chunk-CQJYB7E7.js}

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 import {
   applyNumbering,
   tokenize
-} from "./chunk-N4SYRZIP.js";
+} from "./chunk-ZT3UXRAA.js";
 import {
   DEFAULT_LOCALE,
   TOKENS,
   getEffectiveTokens,
   onTokenTableChange
-} from "./chunk-BQDOTFGC.js";
+} from "./chunk-BQET6RUR.js";
 import {
   MAX_FORMAT_LENGTH
 } from "./chunk-SOPTTXUI.js";
 import {
   FormatSyntaxError,
   UnknownTokenError
-} from "./chunk-OLNU4LON.js";
+} from "./chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js";
 
 // src/format.ts
 var HANDLER_BY_TOKEN = new Map(TOKENS.map(([tok, fn, field]) => [tok, { fn, field }]));
@@ -195,4 +195,4 @@ export {
   _getPieces,
   _handlerFor
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-UU2XN6N2.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-CQJYB7E7.js.map

package/dist/{chunk-CGI4FL6H.js → chunk-FLMOMOAQ.js}

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import {
   InvalidLocaleError,
   getLocaleVocab,
   registerLocaleVocab
-} from "./chunk-OLNU4LON.js";
+} from "./chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js";
 
 // src/localeRegistry.ts
 var extendedVocabs = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ export {
   getLocale,
   hasLocale
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-CGI4FL6H.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-FLMOMOAQ.js.map

package/dist/{chunk-BZPNSQHI.js → chunk-LHR5PCP4.js}

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import {
   InvalidLocaleError,
   canonicalCacheKey,
   normalizeLocaleTag
-} from "./chunk-OLNU4LON.js";
+} from "./chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js";
 import {
   asDateFieldView
 } from "./chunk-KEPIXQK7.js";
@@ -578,4 +578,4 @@ export {
   addDuration,
   subtractDuration
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-BZPNSQHI.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-LHR5PCP4.js.map

package/dist/{chunk-6ZIYGBFN.js → chunk-MXXTJ5CW.js}

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import {
   applyParseNumbering,
   tokenize
-} from "./chunk-N4SYRZIP.js";
+} from "./chunk-ZT3UXRAA.js";
 import {
   DEFAULT_LOCALE
-} from "./chunk-BQDOTFGC.js";
+} from "./chunk-BQET6RUR.js";
 import {
   getTemporal
 } from "./chunk-DFWTCRS3.js";
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import {
   getLocaleVocab,
   subscribeToVocabChanges,
   wrapUntypedError
-} from "./chunk-OLNU4LON.js";
+} from "./chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js";
 
 // src/pattern.ts
 function escapeRegExp(literal) {
@@ -981,4 +981,4 @@ export {
   parseToParts,
   compileParser
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-6ZIYGBFN.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-MXXTJ5CW.js.map

package/dist/{chunk-OLNU4LON.js → chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js}

@@ -433,7 +433,8 @@ export {
   normalizeLocaleTag,
   canonicalCacheKey,
   assertValidLocaleTag,
+  partValue,
   getCustomVocab,
   getLocaleVocab
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-OLNU4LON.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js.map

package/dist/chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"sources":["../src/errors.ts","../src/localeVocab.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/*\n * Copyright 2026 DirazCoder\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n// structured error classes for parse()/format() failures.\n//\n// as of 0.9.0 every throw site on the parse/format data path —\n// tokenize.ts, pattern.ts, format.ts, parse.ts (parse/safeParse/tryParse/\n// parseToParts/compileParser), plus the two data-path throws in\n// localeVocab.ts (partValue/assertNoCollision on the getLocaleVocab side)\n// — throws one of these typed classes directly instead of a plain\n// `new Error(message)`. every site we migrated kept its exact pre-0.9.0\n// message text, and since subclasses of TemporalFmtError still pass\n// `instanceof Error` and match the same message regexes (e.g.\n// `/token \"HH\" requires/`), this didn't need a semver-major bump for\n// either of those checks. what DOES break in 0.9.0: if anyone was\n// specifically checking `err.constructor === Error` or `err.name ===\n// 'Error'`, that'll now see a different name (e.g. 'FormatSyntaxError').\n// noted in the 0.9.0 changelog.\n//\n// deliberately did NOT migrate:\n//  - localeVocab.ts's registration-time throws (assertValidVocab,\n//    registerLocaleVocab itself) — these are config-time API-misuse\n//    errors on data a developer hands in once at startup, not runtime\n//    parse/format failures, so they don't really fit this module's\n//    TemporalFmtErrorCode taxonomy as-is. assertNoCollision is shared\n//    between the registration path and the data path (getLocaleVocab)\n//    though, so its throw stays a plain Error for both until that gets\n//    split apart — see the tracking note where it's called.\n//\n// wrapUntypedError() below is still around for localeVocab.ts's\n// registration throws, and for anything a caller passes into\n// safeParse()/tryParse() from outside this package. on the data path\n// itself, safeParse's `if (err instanceof TemporalFmtError) return { ok:\n// false, error: err }` catches everything before it'd even reach the\n// classifier here, so honestly the regex branches below are dead for\n// parse/format/tokenize/pattern at this point — kept as the fallback for\n// whatever hasn't been migrated to a typed throw site yet\n\nexport type TemporalFmtErrorCode =\n  | 'FORMAT_SYNTAX_ERROR'\n  | 'UNKNOWN_TOKEN'\n  | 'PARSE_MISMATCH'\n  | 'INVALID_DATE'\n  | 'INVALID_TIME'\n  | 'INVALID_OFFSET'\n  | 'INVALID_TIME_ZONE'\n  | 'INVALID_CALENDAR'\n  | 'AMBIGUOUS_INPUT'\n  | 'INVALID_LOCALE'\n  | 'INVALID_DURATION';\n\nexport interface TemporalFmtErrorFields {\n  code: TemporalFmtErrorCode;\n  input?: string;\n  format?: string;\n  token?: string;\n  position?: number;\n  expected?: string;\n  actual?: string;\n  reason?: string;\n}\n\n// base class. `message` is the human-readable summary, the structured\n// fields are the machine-readable bits a linter or codemod would report\n// on. calling Error.captureStackTrace manually (where it exists) so the\n// stack points at wherever this got thrown from, not at this constructor\n// — same trick Node uses for its own error classes\nexport class TemporalFmtError extends Error {\n  readonly code: TemporalFmtErrorCode;\n  readonly input?: string;\n  readonly format?: string;\n  readonly token?: string;\n  readonly position?: number;\n  readonly expected?: string;\n  readonly actual?: string;\n  readonly reason?: string;\n\n  constructor(message: string, fields: TemporalFmtErrorFields) {\n    super(message);\n    this.name = 'TemporalFmtError';\n    this.code = fields.code;\n    this.input = fields.input;\n    this.format = fields.format;\n    this.token = fields.token;\n    this.position = fields.position;\n    this.expected = fields.expected;\n    this.actual = fields.actual;\n    this.reason = fields.reason;\n    // don't want the stack pointing at this constructor line — captureStackTrace\n    // is V8-only though, so on other engines callers just get the default\n    // stack (pointing here) since there's nothing better to do about it\n    const capture = (Error as unknown as { captureStackTrace?: (target: Error, ctor?: Function) => void }).captureStackTrace;\n    if (typeof capture === 'function') {\n      capture(this, this.constructor);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // lets callers just call err.toJSON() for logging. plain Error doesn't\n  // serialize its non-enumerable fields on its own, so this picks them\n  // up explicitly\n  toJSON(): TemporalFmtErrorFields & { name: string; message: string } {\n    return {\n      name: this.name,\n      message: this.message,\n      code: this.code,\n      input: this.input,\n      format: this.format,\n      token: this.token,\n      position: this.position,\n      expected: this.expected,\n      actual: this.actual,\n      reason: this.reason,\n    };\n  }\n}\n\n// each subclass just fixes `code` so callers can switch on it without\n// having to re-check message text. the constructor only takes the\n// fields that actually vary per call; `code` and the default message\n// template come from the subclass itself\n\nexport class FormatSyntaxError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `format string \"${fields.format ?? ''}\" has a syntax error${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'FORMAT_SYNTAX_ERROR', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'FormatSyntaxError';\n  }\n}\n\nexport class UnknownTokenError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `token \"${fields.token ?? ''}\" is not a recognized temporal-fmt token${fields.format ? ` in format string \"${fields.format}\"` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'UNKNOWN_TOKEN', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'UnknownTokenError';\n  }\n}\n\nexport class ParseMismatchError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `input \"${fields.input ?? ''}\" does not match format \"${fields.format ?? ''}\"${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'PARSE_MISMATCH', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'ParseMismatchError';\n  }\n}\n\nexport class InvalidDateError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `input \"${fields.input ?? ''}\" does not describe a valid date${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'INVALID_DATE', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'InvalidDateError';\n  }\n}\n\n/* c8 ignore start @preserve -- InvalidTimeError is part of the public\n   error-class surface (exported from index.ts, code 'INVALID_TIME') but\n   nothing in this package actually constructs one. went and checked\n   whether it could get wired in the same way InvalidTimeZoneError just\n   was (see parse.ts's zzz-validation loop) — does hour/minute/second have\n   a post-match semantic range check the way zone ids do? nope.\n   pattern.ts's regex fragments for HH/H/hh/h/mm/m/ss/s already enforce\n   their valid ranges right at the regex level (e.g. HH is\n   '(?:[01]\\d|2[0-3])', which literally can't match \"99\"), so an\n   out-of-range time just gets rejected as a plain shape mismatch before\n   any semantic check would even run. no live gap to hook this into\n   without inventing a redundant check purely to give this class a body.\n   leaving it unconstructed until the library actually hits a real\n   invalid-time case worth reporting */\nexport class InvalidTimeError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `input \"${fields.input ?? ''}\" does not describe a valid time${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'INVALID_TIME', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'InvalidTimeError';\n  }\n}\n/* c8 ignore stop @preserve */\n\nexport class InvalidOffsetError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `offset \"${fields.actual ?? ''}\" is invalid${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'INVALID_OFFSET', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'InvalidOffsetError';\n  }\n}\n\nexport class InvalidTimeZoneError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `time zone \"${fields.actual ?? ''}\" is not a recognized IANA time zone or fixed offset${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'INVALID_TIME_ZONE', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'InvalidTimeZoneError';\n  }\n}\n\n/* c8 ignore start @preserve -- InvalidCalendarError is part of the\n   public error-class surface (exported from index.ts, code\n   'INVALID_CALENDAR') but same story as InvalidTimeError above — nothing\n   in this package constructs one. checked for a wiring opportunity the\n   same way: there's no user-supplied calendar identifier anywhere in the\n   library that we'd validate against a supported list. resolveCalendar()\n   in parse.ts derives the calendar entirely from Intl's own resolution\n   of the locale string — it's never handed an arbitrary \"calendar\" value\n   a caller could actually get wrong. no live input to reject here.\n   leaving it unconstructed until the library accepts an actual calendar\n   parameter that could be invalid */\nexport class InvalidCalendarError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `calendar \"${fields.actual ?? ''}\" is not supported${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'INVALID_CALENDAR', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'InvalidCalendarError';\n  }\n}\n/* c8 ignore stop @preserve */\n\nexport class AmbiguousInputError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `input \"${fields.input ?? ''}\" is ambiguous${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'AMBIGUOUS_INPUT', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'AmbiguousInputError';\n  }\n}\n\nexport class InvalidLocaleError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `locale \"${fields.actual ?? ''}\" is not a valid BCP-47 tag${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'INVALID_LOCALE', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'InvalidLocaleError';\n  }\n}\n\nexport class InvalidDurationError extends TemporalFmtError {\n  constructor(fields: Omit<TemporalFmtErrorFields, 'code'> & { message?: string }) {\n    const { message, ...rest } = fields;\n    super(\n      message ?? `duration is invalid${fields.reason ? `: ${fields.reason}` : ''}.`,\n      { code: 'INVALID_DURATION', ...rest },\n    );\n    this.name = 'InvalidDurationError';\n  }\n}\n\n// wraps a plain Error thrown from a code path that hasn't been migrated\n// to typed errors yet. keeps the original message around in `reason` so\n// callers reading the typed surface still see what actually failed.\n// used by safeParse() in parse.ts.\n//\n// after the 0.9.0 migration, every throw site on the parse/format data\n// path throws a TemporalFmtError directly, so safeParse's `instanceof\n// TemporalFmtError` check always passes before this function would even\n// get called — nothing in the current test suite actually reaches any\n// branch below. kept as the safety net for whenever someone adds an\n// unmigrated throw site down the line (see the c8-ignored call in\n// parse.ts's safeParse) — same reasoning as that call site: removing\n// this would silently break the \"safeParse always returns a\n// TemporalFmtError\" contract the moment anyone adds a bare\n// `throw new Error(...)` without wiring up a typed class for it\n/* c8 ignore start @preserve -- unreachable from the current test suite,\n   see rationale above */\nexport function wrapUntypedError(err: Error, context: { input?: string; format?: string }): TemporalFmtError {\n  // try to classify by looking at the message — covers the existing\n  // parse()/format() throw sites without having to touch them. anything\n  // that doesn't match a known pattern falls through to a generic\n  // ParseMismatchError, still with the structured fields intact\n  const msg = err.message;\n  if (/unknown token|isn't a recognized token/.test(msg)) {\n    return new UnknownTokenError({ input: context.input, format: context.format, reason: msg });\n  }\n  if (/ambiguous/i.test(msg)) {\n    return new AmbiguousInputError({ input: context.input, format: context.format, reason: msg });\n  }\n  if (/offset/.test(msg) && /out of range|exceeds|doesn't match the shape/i.test(msg)) {\n    return new InvalidOffsetError({ input: context.input, format: context.format, reason: msg });\n  }\n  if (/no valid pattern matches/i.test(msg)) {\n    return new ParseMismatchError({ input: context.input, format: context.format, reason: msg });\n  }\n  if (/doesn't describe a valid date\\/time|incomplete date|weekday token|quarter token/.test(msg)) {\n    return new InvalidDateError({ input: context.input, format: context.format, reason: msg });\n  }\n  const lowerMsg = msg.toLowerCase();\n  const mentionsLocale = lowerMsg.includes('locale');\n  if (\n    (mentionsLocale && (lowerMsg.includes('produced no') || lowerMsg.includes('not a valid'))) ||\n    lowerMsg.includes('cutoffs must be')\n  ) {\n    return new InvalidLocaleError({ input: context.input, format: context.format, reason: msg });\n  }\n  if (/format string exceeds maximum length|input exceeds maximum length|unterminated quote|isn't a recognized token/i.test(msg)) {\n    return new FormatSyntaxError({ input: context.input, format: context.format, reason: msg });\n  }\n  return new ParseMismatchError({ input: context.input, format: context.format, reason: msg });\n}\n/* c8 ignore stop @preserve */","/*\n * Copyright 2026 DirazCoder\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n// Name lists for the locale-aware tokens (MMMM, MMM, EEEE, EEE, a). Each\n// list is small and fixed (12 months, 7 weekdays, 2 day periods), so we\n// generate the real Intl strings for a locale once and cache them.\n\nimport { InvalidLocaleError } from './errors.js';\n\nexport interface LocaleVocab {\n  monthLong: string[]; // index 0 = January\n  monthShort: string[];\n  weekdayLong: string[]; // index 0 = Monday, per Temporal's dayOfWeek numbering\n  weekdayShort: string[];\n  dayPeriod: string[]; // typically [AM-ish, PM-ish], deduped\n}\n\n// Custom vocabs registered by callers for locales Intl doesn't cover well\n// (e.g. a 13-month Hebrew leap year, where Intl's 12-month vocabulary\n// silently loses a whole month). Keyed by canonical cache key so the\n// same locale string spelling variants fold together — same convention\n// as the Intl-derived vocab cache above.\nconst customVocabs = new Map<string, LocaleVocab>();\nconst MAX_CUSTOM_VOCABS = 500;\nconst MAX_LOCALE_TAG_LENGTH = 256;\nconst MAX_VOCAB_ENTRY_LENGTH = 256;\n\nfunction assertValidVocab(vocab: Partial<LocaleVocab>, locale: string): void {\n  // Strict shape validation at registration time, not lazily on first\n  // use — the README's promise is that a malformed registration throws\n  // descriptively here, rather than failing later inside format()/parse()\n  // with a confusing \"no month part\" or wrong-month error the caller\n  // can't trace back to the bad registration.\n  const required: Array<{ key: keyof LocaleVocab; length: number; label: string }> = [\n    { key: 'monthLong', length: 12, label: 'long month names' },\n    { key: 'monthShort', length: 12, label: 'short month names' },\n    { key: 'weekdayLong', length: 7, label: 'long weekday names' },\n    { key: 'weekdayShort', length: 7, label: 'short weekday names' },\n    { key: 'dayPeriod', length: 2, label: 'day period markers (AM/PM-equivalent)' },\n  ];\n\n  for (const { key, length, label } of required) {\n    const value = vocab[key];\n    if (value === undefined) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `temporal-fmt: registerLocaleVocab for locale \"${locale}\" is missing required field \"${key}\" (${label}).`\n      );\n    }\n    if (!Array.isArray(value)) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `temporal-fmt: registerLocaleVocab for locale \"${locale}\": \"${key}\" must be an array, got ${typeof value}.`\n      );\n    }\n    if (value.length !== length) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `temporal-fmt: registerLocaleVocab for locale \"${locale}\": \"${key}\" must have exactly ${length} entries (got ${value.length}) — ${label}.`\n      );\n    }\n    value.forEach((entry, i) => {\n      if (typeof entry !== 'string' || entry.length === 0) {\n        throw new Error(\n          `temporal-fmt: registerLocaleVocab for locale \"${locale}\": \"${key}[${i}]\" must be a non-empty string, got ${String(entry)}.`\n        );\n      }\n      if (entry.length > MAX_VOCAB_ENTRY_LENGTH) {\n        throw new RangeError(\n          `temporal-fmt: registerLocaleVocab for locale \"${locale}\": \"${key}[${i}]\" is too long (maximum ${MAX_VOCAB_ENTRY_LENGTH} characters).`\n        );\n      }\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Reuse the same collision check the Intl-derived path uses — a\n  // duplicate month name is just as ambiguous when supplied by a caller\n  // as when produced by Intl.\n  assertNoCollision(vocab.monthLong!, 'MMMM month', locale);\n  assertNoCollision(vocab.monthShort!, 'MMM month', locale);\n  assertNoCollision(vocab.weekdayLong!, 'EEEE weekday', locale);\n  assertNoCollision(vocab.weekdayShort!, 'EEE weekday', locale);\n\n  // dayPeriod entries must differ from each other, or parse()'s\n  // isPM check (raw === vocab.dayPeriod[1]) can never return true and\n  // every 12-hour parse silently resolves to AM. The Intl-derived path\n  // dedupes a same-AM/PM collision to length 1, but a caller passing\n  // both entries identical is a real bug to surface — not something to\n  // dedupe around.\n  if (vocab.dayPeriod![0] === vocab.dayPeriod![1]) {\n    throw new Error(\n      `temporal-fmt: registerLocaleVocab for locale \"${locale}\": dayPeriod entries must differ ` +\n      `(both are \"${vocab.dayPeriod![0]}\"); otherwise parse() can't tell AM from PM.`\n    );\n  }\n}\n\n// Anything that caches a result derived from *which* vocabulary is\n// active for a locale (right now: parse.ts's compiled pattern cache,\n// whose MMMM/MMM/EEEE/EEE/a fragments embed the vocab's alternations)\n// subscribes here so it gets invalidated when a registration swaps the\n// vocab — mirrors temporalProvider.ts's subscribeToTemporalChanges.\nconst onVocabChanged: Array<() => void> = [];\n\nexport function subscribeToVocabChanges(listener: () => void): void {\n  onVocabChanged.push(listener);\n}\n\n/**\n * Supply a custom month/weekday/day-period vocabulary for a locale key,\n * overriding the Intl-derived vocab this library would otherwise build\n * for that key. Useful for locales Intl doesn't cover well — the\n * Parsing section of the README (\"MMMM/MMM assume a 12-month calendar\")\n * calls out the Hebrew leap-month gap as a specific case this addresses.\n *\n * Throws descriptively on malformed input (wrong array lengths, empty\n * strings, duplicate entries, missing fields) rather than failing later\n * during format/parse.\n *\n * Registered vocab takes precedence over the Intl-derived vocab for that\n * locale key, including for already-cached entries — registering\n * invalidates the prior cache entry for that locale so the next call\n * picks up the new vocab.\n *\n * @example\n * registerLocaleVocab('en-u-ca-hebrew-leap', {\n *   monthLong: ['Nisan','Iyar','Sivan','Tammuz','Av','Elul','Tishrei','Marcheshvan','Kislev','Tevet','Shevat','Adar I','Adar II'],\n *   monthShort: ['Nis','Iyy','Siv','Tam','Av','Elu','Tish','Chesh','Kis','Tev','Shv','Ad1','Ad2'],\n *   weekdayLong: ['Monday','Tuesday','Wednesday','Thursday','Friday','Saturday','Sunday'],\n *   weekdayShort: ['Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat','Sun'],\n *   dayPeriod: ['AM','PM'],\n * });\n */\nexport function registerLocaleVocab(locale: string, vocab: Partial<LocaleVocab>): void {\n  if (typeof locale !== 'string' || locale.length === 0) {\n    throw new Error(`temporal-fmt: registerLocaleVocab requires a non-empty locale string, got ${String(locale)}.`);\n  }\n  if (locale.length > MAX_LOCALE_TAG_LENGTH) {\n    throw new RangeError(`temporal-fmt: registerLocaleVocab locale is too long (maximum ${MAX_LOCALE_TAG_LENGTH} characters).`);\n  }\n  assertValidVocab(vocab, locale);\n\n  const cacheKey = canonicalCacheKey(locale);\n  if (!customVocabs.has(cacheKey) && customVocabs.size >= MAX_CUSTOM_VOCABS) {\n    throw new RangeError(`temporal-fmt: registerLocaleVocab reached the ${MAX_CUSTOM_VOCABS}-locale limit.`);\n  }\n  customVocabs.set(cacheKey, {\n    monthLong: [...vocab.monthLong!],\n    monthShort: [...vocab.monthShort!],\n    weekdayLong: [...vocab.weekdayLong!],\n    weekdayShort: [...vocab.weekdayShort!],\n    dayPeriod: [...vocab.dayPeriod!],\n  });\n  // Invalidate the Intl-derived cache entry so any prior format/parse\n  // result cached for this locale is rebuilt against the new vocab. Not\n  // strictly necessary (getLocaleVocab checks customVocabs first), but\n  // cheap and keeps the two caches from drifting out of sync.\n  vocabCache.delete(cacheKey);\n  // Also invalidate downstream caches that baked the previous vocab in\n  // at build time (parse.ts's pattern cache is the one that matters:\n  // without this, a cached pattern would keep matching the OLD month /\n  // weekday names while format() renders the new ones, so the library's\n  // own format() output would fail to parse back).\n  for (const listener of onVocabChanged) listener();\n}\n\n// Every locale-keyed cache in this library (this one, formatterCache in\n// tokens.ts, patternCache/calendarCache in parse.ts) used to key on the\n// exact locale string a caller passed in. Intl treats spelling variants of\n// the same locale as equivalent ('en-US' / 'en-us' / 'en_US' all resolve\n// the same way), but a plain string-keyed Map doesn't — so callers mixing\n// spellings for what's really one locale would silently fragment across\n// separate cache entries instead of sharing one, making the bounded\n// eviction limits (MAX_*_CACHE_SIZE) less effective than they look. This\n// doesn't change any cache's *correctness* (each entry is still built from\n// -- and valid for -- whatever locale string produced it), only how many\n// distinct entries equivalent spellings end up costing. Falls back to the\n// original string on a malformed/unrecognized tag rather than throwing —\n// cache-key normalization shouldn't be where a bad locale first surfaces\n// as an error; whatever actually calls `new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale)`\n// downstream is the right place for that.\n// Intl constructors (DateTimeFormat/NumberFormat/RelativeTimeFormat)\n// reject underscore-separated tags like 'en_US' outright, while\n// canonicalCacheKey and every locale-parsing path in this library\n// tolerates them by normalizing to BCP-47 hyphens. Centralize that\n// normalization so every `new Intl.*(locale)` construction site\n// accepts the same spellings the cache keys do. Genuinely malformed\n// tags still throw downstream, unchanged.\nexport function normalizeLocaleTag(locale: string): string {\n  return locale.replace(/_/g, '-');\n}\n\n// Memoized so hot paths (parse()'s resolveCalendar keys off this on\n// every call, and every locale-keyed cache re-derives it) don't build a\n// fresh Intl.Locale per invocation — construction is comparatively\n// expensive. Bounded like every other cache in this library.\nconst canonicalKeyCache = new Map<string, string>();\nconst MAX_CANONICAL_KEY_CACHE = 500;\n\nexport function canonicalCacheKey(locale: string): string {\n  const hit = canonicalKeyCache.get(locale);\n  if (hit !== undefined) return hit;\n  let key: string;\n  try {\n    // Intl.Locale requires BCP-47 hyphens and rejects underscore-separated\n    // tags like 'en_US' outright (RangeError), rather than normalizing\n    // them — so without this replace, that spelling would just fall\n    // through to the catch below and never fold with 'en-US'.\n    key = new Intl.Locale(locale.replace(/_/g, '-')).toString().toLowerCase();\n  } catch {\n    // Malformed tag: key on the raw string. Callers that must reject\n    // malformed tags do it via assertValidLocaleTag() before/instead of\n    // relying on this function — cache-key normalization isn't where a\n    // bad locale should surface as an error (unchanged behavior).\n    key = locale;\n  }\n  if (canonicalKeyCache.size >= MAX_CANONICAL_KEY_CACHE) {\n    const oldestKey = canonicalKeyCache.keys().next().value;\n    if (oldestKey !== undefined) canonicalKeyCache.delete(oldestKey);\n  }\n  canonicalKeyCache.set(locale, key);\n  return key;\n}\n\n// Single validation choke point for locale tags at public boundaries.\n// Intl constructors reject malformed tags with a bare engine RangeError\n// (\"Incorrect locale information provided\") that carries none of the\n// library's structured error context; this rethrows as the typed\n// InvalidLocaleError with the offending tag in its fields. Accepts the\n// same spellings as canonicalCacheKey (underscore tags normalized).\nexport function assertValidLocaleTag(locale: string): void {\n  try {\n    new Intl.Locale(normalizeLocaleTag(locale));\n  } catch {\n    throw new InvalidLocaleError({\n      actual: locale,\n      reason: 'not a valid BCP-47 locale tag',\n    });\n  }\n}\n\nconst vocabCache = new Map<string, LocaleVocab>();\nconst MAX_VOCAB_CACHE_SIZE = 500;\n\n// Some locales (ja-JP) split a field across two parts — month \"8\" plus a\n// counter suffix \"月\" as a separate sibling \"literal\" — while format()'s\n// post-1582 tokens go through toLocaleString(), which concatenates\n// everything into \"8月\", and the pre-1582 path in tokens.ts\n// (preCutoverGregorianName) formats one field at a time the same way this\n// does. Reading only the type-tagged part used to drop that suffix, so\n// this locale's vocab never matched what format() actually produced.\n// Only merges *adjacent* literals, not the whole string, since the\n// dayPeriod/weekday formatters below carry an extra hour part that a\n// join-everything approach would wrongly absorb.\nexport function partValue(formatter: Intl.DateTimeFormat, date: Date, type: Intl.DateTimeFormatPartTypes): string {\n  const parts = formatter.formatToParts(date);\n  const index = parts.findIndex((p) => p.type === type);\n  /* c8 ignore start @preserve -- defensive guard against a real but\n     unreproducible failure mode: an Intl implementation that omits the\n     requested part type entirely for some locale. Checked every locale\n     with unusual dayPeriod/weekday/month rendering available in this\n     runtime's ICU data (ja-JP, zh-CN, th-TH, he-IL, ar-SA, ko-KR, fa-IR)\n     against the exact formatter options getLocaleVocab uses (notably\n     hour12: true for the dayPeriod formatter, which is what makes every\n     locale here actually emit a dayPeriod part — omitting it is what\n     produced a false \"gap\" during investigation). None omit their part\n     on this runtime. A different ICU version or a non-Node Intl\n     implementation could plausibly behave differently, so this stays a\n     real check rather than an assertion. */\n  /* c8 ignore start @preserve */\n  if (index === -1) {\n    throw new InvalidLocaleError({\n      message: `temporal-fmt: locale produced no \"${type}\" part while building match vocabulary.`,\n    });\n  }\n  /* c8 ignore stop @preserve */\n  let value = parts[index]!.value;\n  const prev = parts[index - 1];\n  const next = parts[index + 1];\n  // skip whitespace literals (the separator before \"AM\") — only a\n  // no-space suffix like ja-JP's \"月\" should get folded in\n  if (prev?.type === 'literal' && !/\\s/.test(prev.value)) value = prev.value + value;\n  if (next?.type === 'literal' && !/\\s/.test(next.value)) value = value + next.value;\n  return value;\n}\n\n// Two entries rendering identically means parse()'s reverse lookup\n// (indexOf) can never tell them apart. Weekday collisions already surface\n// via parse()'s dayOfWeek cross-check, but with a confusing same-string\n// error; months have no equivalent cross-check, so a collision there would\n// otherwise resolve silently to the wrong month. Catching both here, once\n// at build time, gives one clear error instead.\nfunction assertNoCollision(names: string[], label: string, locale: string): void {\n  const seen = new Map<string, number>();\n  for (let i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {\n    const prior = seen.get(names[i]!);\n    if (prior !== undefined) {\n      // Not migrated to a typed error: this function is shared between\n      // getLocaleVocab's Intl-derived path (data-path error, would be a\n      // good InvalidLocaleError candidate) and assertValidVocab's\n      // registration-time check (out of scope for this pass — see the\n      // localeVocab.ts registration-error follow-up). Splitting this into\n      // two near-duplicate functions just to route error types\n      // differently isn't worth it for one throw; revisit together with\n      // the registration-error work instead.\n      throw new Error(\n        `temporal-fmt: locale \"${locale}\" renders ${label} index ${prior} and ${i} identically ` +\n        `(\"${names[i]}\"). parse() can't reliably tell these apart for this locale/token, so this ` +\n        `combination isn't supported.`\n      );\n    }\n    seen.set(names[i]!, i);\n  }\n}\n\n// Exposed for tokens.ts: when a custom vocab is registered for this\n// locale, format()'s locale-aware tokens (MMMM/MMM/EEEE/EEE/a) read\n// straight from the registered array instead of going through\n// Intl.DateTimeFormat. Without this override, format() would silently\n// keep producing Intl's strings while parse() matched against the\n// registered vocab — the two would round-trip-fail.\nexport function getCustomVocab(locale: string): LocaleVocab | undefined {\n  const cacheKey = canonicalCacheKey(locale);\n  return customVocabs.get(cacheKey);\n}\n\nexport function getLocaleVocab(locale: string): LocaleVocab {\n  // Validate before building vocab: a malformed tag used to surface as a\n  // raw RangeError from the first new Intl.DateTimeFormat below.\n  assertValidLocaleTag(locale);\n  const cacheKey = canonicalCacheKey(locale);\n  // Registered vocabs take precedence over the Intl-derived one — this\n  // is the override mechanism registerLocaleVocab() promises. Checking\n  // here, before the Intl cache lookup, means a registration that\n  // happens *after* the first Intl-derived vocab was built still takes\n  // effect on the next call.\n  const custom = customVocabs.get(cacheKey);\n  if (custom) {\n    return custom;\n  }\n  const cached = vocabCache.get(cacheKey);\n  if (cached) {\n    return cached;\n  }\n\n  const intlLocale = normalizeLocaleTag(locale);\n  const monthLongFmt = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(intlLocale, { month: 'long', timeZone: 'UTC' });\n  const monthShortFmt = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(intlLocale, { month: 'short', timeZone: 'UTC' });\n  const monthLong: string[] = [];\n  const monthShort: string[] = [];\n  for (let m = 0; m < 12; m++) {\n    const date = new Date(Date.UTC(2020, m, 1));\n    monthLong.push(partValue(monthLongFmt, date, 'month'));\n    monthShort.push(partValue(monthShortFmt, date, 'month'));\n  }\n  assertNoCollision(monthLong, 'MMMM month', locale);\n  assertNoCollision(monthShort, 'MMM month', locale);\n\n 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package/dist/{chunk-N4SYRZIP.js → chunk-ZT3UXRAA.js}

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 import {
+  DEFAULT_LOCALE,
   TOKENS,
   getEffectiveTokens,
   onTokenTableChange
-} from "./chunk-BQDOTFGC.js";
+} from "./chunk-BQET6RUR.js";
 import {
   FormatSyntaxError,
   InvalidLocaleError,
-  UnknownTokenError
-} from "./chunk-OLNU4LON.js";
+  UnknownTokenError,
+  canonicalCacheKey,
+  normalizeLocaleTag
+} from "./chunk-QRLQ7RR7.js";
 
 // src/tokenize.ts
 var SORTED_TOKEN_STRINGS = TOKENS.map(([tok]) => tok).sort((a, b) => b.length - a.length);
@@ -103,6 +106,31 @@ var SUPPORTED_NUMBERING_SYSTEMS = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
   "hanidec"
 ]);
 var digitMapCache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+var autoNumberingCache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+var MAX_AUTO_NUMBERING_CACHE = 500;
+function resolveAutoNumberingSystem(locale) {
+  const key = canonicalCacheKey(locale);
+  const cached = autoNumberingCache.get(key);
+  if (cached !== void 0) return cached;
+  let resolved;
+  try {
+    resolved = new Intl.NumberFormat(normalizeLocaleTag(locale)).resolvedOptions().numberingSystem;
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw new InvalidLocaleError({ actual: locale, reason: err.message });
+  }
+  const system = SUPPORTED_NUMBERING_SYSTEMS.has(resolved) ? resolved : "latn";
+  if (autoNumberingCache.size >= MAX_AUTO_NUMBERING_CACHE) {
+    const oldestKey = autoNumberingCache.keys().next().value;
+    if (oldestKey !== void 0) autoNumberingCache.delete(oldestKey);
+  }
+  autoNumberingCache.set(key, system);
+  return system;
+}
+function resolveRequestedSystem(requested, locale) {
+  if (requested === void 0) return "latn";
+  if (requested === "auto") return resolveAutoNumberingSystem(locale ?? DEFAULT_LOCALE);
+  return requested;
+}
 function getDigitMap(system) {
   let map = digitMapCache.get(system);
   if (map) return map;
@@ -157,12 +185,12 @@ function convertDigitsToAscii(s, system) {
   return result;
 }
 function applyNumbering(s, options) {
-  const system = options.numberingSystem ?? "latn";
+  const system = resolveRequestedSystem(options.numberingSystem, options.locale);
   if (system === "latn") return s;
   return convertDigits(s, system);
 }
 function applyParseNumbering(s, options) {
-  const system = options.parseNumberingSystem ?? "latn";
+  const system = resolveRequestedSystem(options.parseNumberingSystem, options.locale);
   if (system === "latn") return s;
   return convertDigitsToAscii(s, system);
 }
@@ -176,4 +204,4 @@ export {
   applyNumbering,
   applyParseNumbering
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-N4SYRZIP.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-ZT3UXRAA.js.map

package/dist/chunk-ZT3UXRAA.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"sources":["../src/tokenize.ts","../src/numbering.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/*\n * Copyright 2026 DirazCoder\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nimport { TOKENS, getEffectiveTokens, onTokenTableChange } from './tokens.js';\nimport { FormatSyntaxError, UnknownTokenError } from './errors.js';\n\nexport type Piece =\n  | { kind: 'token'; value: string }\n  | { kind: 'literal'; value: string };\n\n// A piece plus its exact source span in the ORIGINAL format string.\n// `start`/`end` are UTF-16 code-unit indices, half-open [start, end).\n// Decoded literals can be shorter than their span ('' is 2 source\n// chars → 1 decoded quote), which is exactly why positions computed\n// from decoded lengths (the old approach in analyze.ts) drifted after\n// any quoted text.\nexport interface SpannedPiece {\n  kind: 'token' | 'literal';\n  value: string;\n  start: number;\n  end: number;\n}\n\n// gotta sort longest-first or the greedy scan grabs \"M\" when \"MMMM\" was actually there.\n// Starts from the static TOKENS (so this module works before any mod has\n// registered anything) and rebuilds from tokens.ts's getEffectiveTokens()\n// whenever a mod calls registerFormatToken — otherwise a token registered\n// after this module loaded would never be recognized here, and format()\n// would tokenize it as literal text even though HANDLER_BY_TOKEN in\n// format.ts knows about it. `let`, not `const`, precisely so the rebuild\n// below can replace the binding rather than mutate a shared array in place.\nlet SORTED_TOKEN_STRINGS = TOKENS.map(([tok]) => tok).sort((a, b) => b.length - a.length);\n\nonTokenTableChange(() => {\n  SORTED_TOKEN_STRINGS = getEffectiveTokens()\n    .map(([tok]) => tok)\n    .sort((a, b) => b.length - a.length);\n});\n\n/**\n * Splits a format string like `\"yyyy-MM-dd 'at' HH:mm\"` into token/literal\n * pieces, each with its exact source span. Text in single quotes is always\n * literal (e.g. write 'rd' in \"3rd\" so it's not read as the day token). A\n * doubled quote ('') means a literal quote character, both inside a quoted\n * span and standalone.\n */\nexport function tokenizeWithSpans(format: string): SpannedPiece[] {\n  const pieces: SpannedPiece[] = [];\n  let i = 0;\n\n  while (i < format.length) {\n    const ch = format[i];\n\n    if (ch === \"'\") {\n      // gotta check the doubled-quote case first, otherwise \"''best''\" parses wrong\n      if (format[i + 1] === \"'\") {\n        appendLiteral(pieces, \"'\", i, i + 2);\n        i += 2;\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      let j = i + 1;\n      let literal = '';\n      let closed = false;\n      while (j < format.length) {\n        if (format[j] === \"'\") {\n          if (format[j + 1] === \"'\") {\n            literal += \"'\";\n            j += 2;\n            continue;\n          }\n          closed = true;\n          j += 1;\n          break;\n        }\n        literal += format[j];\n        j += 1;\n      }\n\n      if (!closed) {\n        throw new FormatSyntaxError({\n          format,\n          message: `temporal-fmt: unterminated quote in format string \"${format}\"`,\n        });\n      }\n\n      appendLiteral(pieces, literal, i, j);\n      i = j;\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    const match = SORTED_TOKEN_STRINGS.find((tok) => format.startsWith(tok, i));\n    if (match) {\n      // this is already the longest token that starts here, so if there's\n      // one more of the same char after it, that's not a real token — it'd\n      // just silently fall through to whatever handles that next char and\n      // get glued onto this one. found this the hard way: \"zzzz\" was\n      // parsing as zzz + literal \"z\", \"MMMMM\" as MMMM + the M token. so now\n      // we just treat the whole overlong run as one bad token instead\n      const runChar = match[match.length - 1];\n      if (format[i + match.length] === runChar) {\n        let end = i + match.length;\n        while (format[end] === runChar) end += 1;\n        // UnknownTokenError, not FormatSyntaxError: wrapUntypedError's\n        // classifier already treats this exact message (\"isn't a\n        // recognized token\") as UNKNOWN_TOKEN (see errors.test.js's\n        // \"overlong token run classifies as UnknownTokenError\"), and a\n        // direct throw here needs to agree with what safeParse's fallback\n        // path would have classified it as.\n        throw new UnknownTokenError({\n          format,\n          token: format.slice(i, end),\n          message:\n            `temporal-fmt: \"${format.slice(i, end)}\" in format string \"${format}\" isn't a recognized token — ` +\n            `did you mean \"${match}\"?`,\n        });\n      }\n      pieces.push({ kind: 'token', value: match, start: i, end: i + match.length });\n      i += match.length;\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    // not a token or quote — pass through as-is\n    appendLiteral(pieces, ch, i, i + 1);\n    i += 1;\n  }\n\n  return pieces;\n}\n\n/**\n * Splits a format string like `\"yyyy-MM-dd 'at' HH:mm\"` into token/literal\n * pieces. Text in single quotes is always literal (e.g. write 'rd' in\n * \"3rd\" so it's not read as the day token). A doubled quote ('') means a\n * literal quote character, both inside a quoted span and standalone.\n */\nexport function tokenize(format: string): Piece[] {\n  return tokenizeWithSpans(format).map(({ kind, value }) => ({ kind, value }));\n}\n\n// merges into the previous piece if it's also a literal, so \"---\" is one\n// piece instead of three (spans track the full merged range)\nfunction appendLiteral(pieces: SpannedPiece[], value: string, start: number, end: number): void {\n  const last = pieces[pieces.length - 1];\n  if (last && last.kind === 'literal' && last.end === start) {\n    last.value += value;\n    last.end = end;\n  } else {\n    pieces.push({ kind: 'literal', value, start, end });\n  }\n}\n","/*\n * Copyright 2026 DirazCoder\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n// numbering systems. latn (ASCII digits) is the default, but arab, deva,\n// beng, etc are all options, configurable per format call.\n//\n// the tokens in this lib always spit out ASCII digits normally (check\n// tokens.ts's pad() — just String(n), which is ASCII). this module bolts\n// on the ability to convert that output to a locale's native digits via\n// Intl.NumberFormat, since that's the standard way JS does digit\n// transliteration anyway.\n//\n// parse side is stricter: parse() only accepts ASCII digits, matches how\n// NUMERIC_FRAGMENTS is already built. parseNumberingSystem converts\n// input digits to ASCII first — an explicit opt-in per call, never\n// silently accepting any numeral system that shows up.\n//\n// both directions also accept 'auto': instead of requiring the caller to\n// know the ICU numbering-system code for their locale, ask\n// Intl.NumberFormat(locale).resolvedOptions().numberingSystem what the\n// locale itself uses and transliterate with that.\n\nimport { DEFAULT_LOCALE, type FormatOptions } from './tokens.js';\nimport { InvalidLocaleError } from './errors.js';\nimport { canonicalCacheKey, normalizeLocaleTag } from './localeVocab.js';\n\nexport type NumberingSystem = 'latn' | 'arab' | 'deva' | 'beng' | 'guru' | 'gujr' | 'orya' | 'tamldec' | 'telu' | 'knda' | 'mlym' | 'fullwide' | 'hanidec';\n\n// What a caller may pass as numberingSystem / parseNumberingSystem: an\n// explicit system name, or 'auto' to derive the system from the call's\n// locale. The `(string & {})` keeps arbitrary strings compiling (the\n// runtime still validates them against SUPPORTED_NUMBERING_SYSTEMS and\n// throws on unknown names, unchanged) while editors still offer the\n// known literals — 'latn', 'arab', ..., 'auto' — as completions.\nexport type NumberingSystemOption = NumberingSystem | 'auto' | (string & {});\n\n// every NumberingSystem value we support. latn's the default and\n// what the rest of this lib naturally produces\nexport const SUPPORTED_NUMBERING_SYSTEMS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([\n  'latn', 'arab', 'deva', 'beng', 'guru', 'gujr', 'orya', 'tamldec',\n  'telu', 'knda', 'mlym', 'fullwide', 'hanidec',\n]);\n\nconst digitMapCache = new Map<string, Record<string, string>>();\n\n// 'auto' resolutions, keyed by canonical locale tag (same key discipline\n// as every other locale-keyed cache in this library — 'ar_EG' and 'ar-EG'\n// fold together instead of costing two entries). Intl.NumberFormat\n// construction isn't free and format() runs in loops (a table of dates, one\n// row per record), so resolve each locale once. Bounded, evicting the\n// oldest insertion, mirroring formatterCache in tokens.ts.\nconst autoNumberingCache = new Map<string, string>();\nconst MAX_AUTO_NUMBERING_CACHE = 500;\n\n// Turns 'auto' into a concrete system by asking Intl what the locale\n// itself defaults to (ar-EG -> arab, bn-BD -> beng, en-US -> latn). When\n// the locale's native system isn't one this library can transliterate\n// (thai, laoo, mymr, ... — anything outside SUPPORTED_NUMBERING_SYSTEMS),\n// fall back to 'latn' rather than throwing: 'auto' means \"use whatever\n// this locale naturally uses, if you can\", not \"throw on locales with\n// numerals this library doesn't cover\". A malformed locale tag DOES\n// throw — typed InvalidLocaleError, matching getFormatter() in tokens.ts —\n// since asking to derive from a locale that doesn't exist is a caller bug,\n// not a data condition to paper over.\nfunction resolveAutoNumberingSystem(locale: string): string {\n  const key = canonicalCacheKey(locale);\n  const cached = autoNumberingCache.get(key);\n  if (cached !== undefined) return cached;\n  let resolved: string;\n  try {\n    resolved = new Intl.NumberFormat(normalizeLocaleTag(locale)).resolvedOptions().numberingSystem;\n  } catch (err) {\n    throw new InvalidLocaleError({ actual: locale, reason: (err as Error).message });\n  }\n  const system = SUPPORTED_NUMBERING_SYSTEMS.has(resolved) ? resolved : 'latn';\n  if (autoNumberingCache.size >= MAX_AUTO_NUMBERING_CACHE) {\n    // not real LRU, just evicts oldest insertion — fine for this key space\n    const oldestKey = autoNumberingCache.keys().next().value;\n    if (oldestKey !== undefined) autoNumberingCache.delete(oldestKey);\n  }\n  autoNumberingCache.set(key, system);\n  return system;\n}\n\n// Shared front door for both option names. undefined stays 'latn' — the\n// default is unchanged; 'auto' is an opt-in, not a new default. Anything\n// else passes through untouched for convertDigits/convertDigitsToAscii\n// to validate against the supported set (they throw on unknown names).\nfunction resolveRequestedSystem(requested: string | undefined, locale: string | undefined): string {\n  if (requested === undefined) return 'latn';\n  if (requested === 'auto') return resolveAutoNumberingSystem(locale ?? DEFAULT_LOCALE);\n  return requested;\n}\n\n// builds a digit-transliteration map per numbering system. renders 0-9\n// through Intl.NumberFormat in the target system, then builds the lookup\n// table from that. caching it since spinning up a formatter isn't free\n// and we reuse the same map for every digit we convert\nfunction getDigitMap(system: string): Record<string, string> {\n  let map = digitMapCache.get(system);\n  if (map) return map;\n  /* c8 ignore start @preserve -- this branch is dead by construction, not\n     just untested: both callers (convertDigits, convertDigitsToAscii)\n     already bail out early on system === 'latn' before ever calling\n     getDigitMap, so it never actually gets invoked with 'latn'. keeping\n     it anyway as a defensive fallback rather than betting that stays\n     true forever */\n  if (system === 'latn') {\n    map = {};\n    for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) map[String(i)] = String(i);\n  } else {\n    /* c8 ignore stop @preserve */\n    const fmt = new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US-u-nu-' + system, { useGrouping: false });\n    map = {};\n    for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n      map[String(i)] = fmt.format(i);\n    }\n  }\n  digitMapCache.set(system, map);\n  return map;\n}\n\n// swaps every ASCII digit in `s` for its equivalent in the target\n// numbering system. anything that's not a digit passes through untouched\nexport function convertDigits(s: string, system: string): string {\n  if (system === 'latn') return s;\n  if (!SUPPORTED_NUMBERING_SYSTEMS.has(system)) {\n    throw new InvalidLocaleError({ actual: system, reason: `numbering system \"${system}\" is not supported. Supported: ${[...SUPPORTED_NUMBERING_SYSTEMS].join(', ')}.` });\n  }\n  const map = getDigitMap(system);\n  let result = '';\n  for (const ch of s) {\n    if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {\n      // map[ch] is always populated for 0-9 — getDigitMap builds all ten\n      // keys for every system we support, and ch is already range-checked\n      // above. the ?? ch is really just there to satisfy TS about Record's\n      // implicit undefined, not because this path is actually reachable\n      /* c8 ignore next */\n      result += map[ch] ?? ch;\n    } else {\n      result += ch;\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n// inverse of convertDigits — takes non-ASCII digits back to ASCII. used\n// by parse() when someone passes an explicit numberingSystem option.\n// throws on anything unsupported\nexport function convertDigitsToAscii(s: string, system: string): string {\n  // same dead-by-construction thing as the 'latn' guard above —\n  // applyParseNumbering (the only caller) already returns early on\n  // 'latn' before this ever gets called, so system's never actually\n  // 'latn' here in practice. leaving the guard anyway in case someone\n  // calls this directly someday without going through that guard\n  /* c8 ignore next */\n  if (system === 'latn') return s;\n  if (!SUPPORTED_NUMBERING_SYSTEMS.has(system)) {\n    throw new InvalidLocaleError({ actual: system, reason: `numbering system \"${system}\" is not supported.` });\n  }\n  const map = getDigitMap(system);\n  // just flip the map around\n  const reverse: Record<string, string> = {};\n  for (const k of Object.keys(map)) reverse[map[k]!] = k;\n  let result = '';\n  for (const ch of s) {\n    result += reverse[ch] ?? ch;\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n// FormatOptions plus a numberingSystem field. pass { numberingSystem: 'arab' }\n// to format() to get Arabic-Indic digits out, or { numberingSystem: 'auto' }\n// to use whichever numeral system the call's locale itself defaults to\n// (ar-EG -> arab, bn-BD -> beng, en-US -> latn), resolved via\n// Intl.NumberFormat(locale).resolvedOptions().numberingSystem with a\n// 'latn' fallback for locales whose native system isn't supported here.\n// Unset still means 'latn' — 'auto' is an opt-in, not a default change.\nexport interface NumberingFormatOptions extends FormatOptions {\n  numberingSystem?: NumberingSystemOption;\n}\n\n// same idea but for the parse side. called parseNumberingSystem instead of\n// just numberingSystem so someone mixing format() and parse() options in\n// one config object can set both independently — the two directions\n// aren't always symmetric (you might want native digits out without\n// wanting to accept them back in, or vice versa). 'auto' works here too,\n// resolving from the parse call's own locale the same way the format\n// side does.\nexport interface NumberingParseOptions extends FormatOptions {\n  parseNumberingSystem?: NumberingSystemOption;\n}\n\n// format-path helper: takes format()'s ASCII output and converts digits\n// if numberingSystem was asked for. lives here so format.ts doesn't need\n// to know anything about numbering systems\nexport function applyNumbering(s: string, options: NumberingFormatOptions): string {\n  const system = resolveRequestedSystem(options.numberingSystem, options.locale);\n  if (system === 'latn') return s;\n  return convertDigits(s, system);\n}\n\n// parse-path helper: converts input digits to ASCII before matching, if\n// parseNumberingSystem got set. kept as a separate option name from the\n// format side so callers can be explicit about which direction they\n// actually want transliterated\nexport function applyParseNumbering(s: string, options: { parseNumberingSystem?: string; 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