strong-error-handler 3.2.0 → 4.0.0

package/test/handler.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
+// Copyright IBM Corp. 2016,2018. All Rights Reserved.
+// Node module: strong-error-handler
+// This file is licensed under the MIT License.
+// License text available at https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+'use strict';
+
+const cloneAllProperties = require('../lib/clone.js');
+const debug = require('debug')('test');
+const expect = require('chai').expect;
+const express = require('express');
+const strongErrorHandler = require('..');
+const supertest = require('supertest');
+const util = require('util');
+
+describe('strong-error-handler', function() {
+  before(setupHttpServerAndClient);
+  beforeEach(resetRequestHandler);
+  after(stopHttpServerAndClient);
+
+  it('sets nosniff header', function(done) {
+    givenErrorHandlerForError();
+    request.get('/')
+      .expect('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff')
+      .expect(500, done);
+  });
+
+  it('handles response headers already sent', function(done) {
+    givenErrorHandlerForError();
+    const handler = _requestHandler;
+    _requestHandler = function(req, res, next) {
+      res.end('empty');
+      process.nextTick(function() {
+        handler(req, res, next);
+      });
+    };
+
+    request.get('/').expect(200, 'empty', done);
+  });
+
+  context('status code', function() {
+    it('converts non-error "err.status" to 500', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new ErrorWithProps({status: 200}));
+      request.get('/').expect(500, done);
+    });
+
+    it('converts non-error "err.statusCode" to 500', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new ErrorWithProps({statusCode: 200}));
+      request.get('/').expect(500, done);
+    });
+
+    it('uses the value from "err.status"', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new ErrorWithProps({status: 404}));
+      request.get('/').expect(404, done);
+    });
+
+    it('uses the value from "err.statusCode"', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new ErrorWithProps({statusCode: 404}));
+      request.get('/').expect(404, done);
+    });
+
+    it('prefers "err.statusCode" over "err.status"', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new ErrorWithProps({
+        statusCode: 400,
+        status: 404,
+      }));
+
+      request.get('/').expect(400, done);
+    });
+
+    it('handles error from `res.statusCode`', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError();
+      const handler = _requestHandler;
+      _requestHandler = function(req, res, next) {
+        res.statusCode = 507;
+        handler(req, res, next);
+      };
+      request.get('/').expect(
+        507,
+        {error: {statusCode: 507, message: 'Insufficient Storage'}},
+        done,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  context('logging', function() {
+    let logs;
+
+    beforeEach(redirectConsoleError);
+    afterEach(restoreConsoleError);
+
+    it('logs by default', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error(), {
+        // explicitly set to undefined to prevent givenErrorHandlerForError
+        // from disabling this option
+        log: undefined,
+      });
+
+      request.get('/').end(function(err) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        expect(logs).to.have.length(1);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('honours options.log=false', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error(), {log: false});
+
+      request.get('/api').end(function(err) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        expect(logs).to.have.length(0);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('honours options.log=true', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error(), {log: true});
+
+      request.get('/api').end(function(err) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        expect(logs).to.have.length(1);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('includes relevant information in the log message', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new TypeError('ERROR-NAME'), {log: true});
+
+      request.get('/api').end(function(err) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        const msg = logs[0];
+        // the request method
+        expect(msg).to.contain('GET');
+        // the request path
+        expect(msg).to.contain('/api');
+        // the error name & message
+        expect(msg).to.contain('TypeError: ERROR-NAME');
+        // the stack
+        expect(msg).to.contain(__filename);
+
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('handles array argument', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(
+        [new TypeError('ERR1'), new Error('ERR2')],
+        {log: true},
+      );
+
+      request.get('/api').end(function(err) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        const msg = logs[0];
+        // the request method
+        expect(msg).to.contain('GET');
+        // the request path
+        expect(msg).to.contain('/api');
+        // the error name & message for all errors
+        expect(msg).to.contain('TypeError: ERR1');
+        expect(msg).to.contain('Error: ERR2');
+        // verify that stacks are included too
+        expect(msg).to.contain(__filename);
+
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('handles non-Error argument', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError('STRING ERROR', {log: true});
+      request.get('/').end(function(err) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        const msg = logs[0];
+        expect(msg).to.contain('STRING ERROR');
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    const _consoleError = console.error;
+    function redirectConsoleError() {
+      logs = [];
+      console.error = function() {
+        const msg = util.format.apply(util, arguments);
+        logs.push(msg);
+      };
+    }
+
+    function restoreConsoleError() {
+      console.error = _consoleError;
+      logs = [];
+    }
+  });
+
+  context('JSON response', function() {
+    it('contains all error properties when debug=true', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        message: 'a test error message',
+        code: 'MACHINE_READABLE_CODE',
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: true});
+
+      requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        const expectedData = {
+          statusCode: 500,
+          message: 'a test error message',
+          name: 'ErrorWithProps',
+          code: 'MACHINE_READABLE_CODE',
+          details: 'some details',
+          extra: 'sensitive data',
+          stack: error.stack,
+        };
+        expect(res.body).to.have.property('error');
+        expect(res.body.error).to.eql(expectedData);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('includes code property for 4xx status codes when debug=false',
+      function(done) {
+        const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+          statusCode: 400,
+          message: 'error with code',
+          name: 'ErrorWithCode',
+          code: 'MACHINE_READABLE_CODE',
+        });
+        givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: false});
+
+        requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+          if (err) return done(err);
+
+          const expectedData = {
+            statusCode: 400,
+            message: 'error with code',
+            name: 'ErrorWithCode',
+            code: 'MACHINE_READABLE_CODE',
+          };
+          expect(res.body).to.have.property('error');
+          expect(res.body.error).to.eql(expectedData);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+    it('excludes code property for 5xx status codes when debug=false',
+      function(done) {
+        const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+          statusCode: 500,
+          code: 'MACHINE_READABLE_CODE',
+        });
+        givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: false});
+
+        requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+          if (err) return done(err);
+
+          const expectedData = {
+            statusCode: 500,
+            message: 'Internal Server Error',
+          };
+          expect(res.body).to.have.property('error');
+          expect(res.body.error).to.eql(expectedData);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+    it('contains non-enumerable Error properties when debug=true',
+      function(done) {
+        const error = new Error('a test error message');
+        givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: true});
+        requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+          if (err) return done(err);
+          expect(res.body).to.have.property('error');
+          const resError = res.body.error;
+          expect(resError).to.have.property('name', 'Error');
+          expect(resError).to.have.property('message',
+            'a test error message');
+          expect(resError).to.have.property('stack', error.stack);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+
+    it('should allow setting safe fields when status=5xx', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'Error',
+        safeField: 'SAFE',
+        unsafeField: 'UNSAFE',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {
+        safeFields: ['safeField'],
+      });
+
+      requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        expect(res.body).to.have.property('error');
+        expect(res.body.error).to.have.property('safeField', 'SAFE');
+        expect(res.body.error).not.to.have.property('unsafeField');
+
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('safe fields falls back to existing data', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'Error',
+        isSafe: false,
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {
+        safeFields: ['statusCode', 'isSafe'],
+      });
+
+      requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        expect(res.body.error.statusCode).to.equal(500);
+        expect(res.body.error.isSafe).to.equal(false);
+
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should allow setting safe fields when status=4xx', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'Error',
+        statusCode: 422,
+        safeField: 'SAFE',
+        unsafeField: 'UNSAFE',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {
+        safeFields: ['safeField'],
+      });
+
+      requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        expect(res.body).to.have.property('error');
+        expect(res.body.error).to.have.property('safeField', 'SAFE');
+        expect(res.body.error).not.to.have.property('unsafeField');
+
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('contains subset of properties when status=4xx', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'ValidationError',
+        message: 'The model instance is not valid.',
+        statusCode: 422,
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error);
+
+      requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        expect(res.body).to.have.property('error');
+        expect(res.body.error).to.eql({
+          name: 'ValidationError',
+          message: 'The model instance is not valid.',
+          statusCode: 422,
+          details: 'some details',
+          // notice the property "extra" is not included
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('contains only safe info when status=5xx', function(done) {
+      // Mock an error reported by fs.readFile
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'Error',
+        message: 'ENOENT: no such file or directory, open "/etc/passwd"',
+        errno: -2,
+        code: 'ENOENT',
+        syscall: 'open',
+        path: '/etc/password',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error);
+
+      requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        expect(res.body).to.have.property('error');
+        expect(res.body.error).to.eql({
+          statusCode: 500,
+          message: 'Internal Server Error',
+        });
+
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('handles array argument as 500 when debug=false', function(done) {
+      const errors = [new Error('ERR1'), new Error('ERR2'), 'ERR STRING'];
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(errors);
+
+      requestJson().expect(500).end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        const data = res.body.error;
+        expect(data).to.have.property('message').that.match(/multiple errors/);
+        expect(data).to.have.property('details').eql([
+          {statusCode: 500, message: 'Internal Server Error'},
+          {statusCode: 500, message: 'Internal Server Error'},
+          {statusCode: 500, message: 'Internal Server Error'},
+        ]);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('returns all array items when debug=true', function(done) {
+      const testError = new ErrorWithProps({
+        message: 'expected test error',
+        statusCode: 400,
+      });
+      const anotherError = new ErrorWithProps({
+        message: 'another expected error',
+        statusCode: 500,
+      });
+      const errors = [testError, anotherError, 'ERR STRING'];
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(errors, {debug: true});
+
+      requestJson().expect(500).end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        const data = res.body.error;
+        expect(data).to.have.property('message').that.match(/multiple errors/);
+
+        const expectedDetails = [
+          getExpectedErrorData(testError),
+          getExpectedErrorData(anotherError),
+          {message: 'ERR STRING', statusCode: 500},
+        ];
+        expect(data).to.have.property('details').to.eql(expectedDetails);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('includes safeFields of array items when debug=false', (done) => {
+      const internalError = new ErrorWithProps({
+        message: 'a test error message',
+        code: 'MACHINE_READABLE_CODE',
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+      const validationError = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'ValidationError',
+        message: 'The model instance is not valid.',
+        statusCode: 422,
+        code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR',
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+
+      const errors = [internalError, validationError, 'ERR STRING'];
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(errors, {
+        debug: false,
+        safeFields: ['code'],
+      });
+
+      requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        const data = res.body.error;
+
+        const expectedInternalError = {
+          statusCode: 500,
+          message: 'Internal Server Error',
+          code: 'MACHINE_READABLE_CODE',
+          // notice the property "extra" is not included
+        };
+        const expectedValidationError = {
+          statusCode: 422,
+          message: 'The model instance is not valid.',
+          name: 'ValidationError',
+          code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR',
+          details: 'some details',
+          // notice the property "extra" is not included
+        };
+        const expectedErrorFromString = {
+          message: 'Internal Server Error',
+          statusCode: 500,
+        };
+        const expectedDetails = [
+          expectedInternalError,
+          expectedValidationError,
+          expectedErrorFromString,
+        ];
+
+        expect(data).to.have.property('message').that.match(/multiple errors/);
+        expect(data).to.have.property('details').to.eql(expectedDetails);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('handles non-Error argument as 500 when debug=false', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError('Error Message', {debug: false});
+      requestJson().expect(500).end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        expect(res.body.error).to.eql({
+          statusCode: 500,
+          message: 'Internal Server Error',
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('returns non-Error argument in message when debug=true', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError('Error Message', {debug: true});
+      requestJson().expect(500).end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        expect(res.body.error).to.eql({
+          statusCode: 500,
+          message: 'Error Message',
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('handles Error objects containing circular properties', function(done) {
+      const circularObject = {};
+      circularObject.recursiveProp = circularObject;
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        statusCode: 422,
+        message: 'The model instance is not valid.',
+        name: 'ValidationError',
+        code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR',
+        details: circularObject,
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: true});
+      requestJson().end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        expect(res.body).to.have.property('error');
+        expect(res.body.error).to.have.property('details');
+        expect(res.body.error.details).to.have.property('recursiveProp',
+          '[Circular]');
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('honors rootProperty', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError('Error Message', {rootProperty: 'data'});
+      requestJson().expect(500).end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        expect(res.body.data).to.eql({
+          statusCode: 500,
+          message: 'Internal Server Error',
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('honors rootProperty=false', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError('Error Message', {rootProperty: false});
+      requestJson().expect(500).end(function(err, res) {
+        if (err) return done(err);
+
+        expect(res.body).to.eql({
+          statusCode: 500,
+          message: 'Internal Server Error',
+        });
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+
+    function requestJson(url) {
+      return request.get(url || '/')
+        .set('Accept', 'text/plain')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^application\/json/);
+    }
+  });
+
+  context('HTML response', function() {
+    it('contains all error properties when debug=true', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        message: 'a test error message',
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+      error.statusCode = 500;
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: true});
+      requestHTML()
+        .expect(500)
+        .expect(/<title>ErrorWithProps<\/title>/)
+        .expect(/500(.*?)a test error message/)
+        .expect(/extra(.*?)sensitive data/)
+        .expect(/details(.*?)some details/)
+        .expect(/id="stacktrace"(.*?)ErrorWithProps: a test error message/,
+          done);
+    });
+
+    it('HTML-escapes all 4xx response properties in production mode',
+      function(done) {
+        const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+          name: 'Error<img onerror=alert(1) src=a>',
+          message:
+            'No instance with id <img onerror=alert(1) src=a> found for Model',
+          statusCode: 404,
+        });
+        givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: false});
+        requestHTML()
+          .end(function(err, res) {
+            expect(res.statusCode).to.eql(404);
+            const body = res.error.text;
+            expect(body).to.match(
+              /<title>Error&lt;img onerror=alert\(1\) src=a&gt;<\/title>/,
+            );
+            expect(body).to.match(
+              /with id &lt;img onerror=alert\(1\) src=a&gt; found for Model/,
+            );
+            done();
+          });
+      });
+
+    it('HTML-escapes all 5xx response properties in development mode',
+      function(done) {
+        const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+          message: 'a test error message<img onerror=alert(1) src=a>',
+        });
+        error.statusCode = 500;
+        givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: true});
+        requestHTML()
+          .expect(500)
+          .expect(/<title>ErrorWithProps<\/title>/)
+          .expect(
+            /500(.*?)a test error message&lt;img onerror=alert\(1\) src=a&gt;/,
+            done,
+          );
+      });
+
+    it('contains subset of properties when status=4xx', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'ValidationError',
+        message: 'The model instance is not valid.',
+        statusCode: 422,
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: false});
+      requestHTML()
+        .end(function(err, res) {
+          expect(res.statusCode).to.eql(422);
+          const body = res.error.text;
+          expect(body).to.match(/some details/);
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/sensitive data/);
+          expect(body).to.match(/<title>ValidationError<\/title>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(/422(.*?)The model instance is not valid./);
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('contains only safe info when status=5xx', function(done) {
+      // Mock an error reported by fs.readFile
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'Error',
+        message: 'ENOENT: no such file or directory, open "/etc/passwd"',
+        errno: -2,
+        code: 'ENOENT',
+        syscall: 'open',
+        path: '/etc/password',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error);
+
+      requestHTML()
+        .end(function(err, res) {
+          expect(res.statusCode).to.eql(500);
+          const body = res.error.text;
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/\/etc\/password/);
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/-2/);
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/ENOENT/);
+          // only have the following
+          expect(body).to.match(/<title>Internal Server Error<\/title>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(/500(.*?)Internal Server Error/);
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+
+    function requestHTML(url) {
+      return request.get(url || '/')
+        .set('Accept', 'text/html')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^text\/html/);
+    }
+  });
+
+  context('XML response', function() {
+    it('contains all error properties when debug=true', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        message: 'a test error message',
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+      error.statusCode = 500;
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: true});
+      requestXML()
+        .expect(500)
+        .expect(/<statusCode>500<\/statusCode>/)
+        .expect(/<name>ErrorWithProps<\/name>/)
+        .expect(/<message>a test error message<\/message>/)
+        .expect(/<details>some details<\/details>/)
+        .expect(/<extra>sensitive data<\/extra>/)
+        .expect(/<stack>ErrorWithProps: a test error message(.*?)/, done);
+    });
+
+    it('contains subset of properties when status=4xx', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'ValidationError',
+        message: 'The model instance is not valid.',
+        statusCode: 422,
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {debug: false});
+      requestXML()
+        .end(function(err, res) {
+          expect(res.statusCode).to.eql(422);
+          const body = res.error.text;
+          expect(body).to.match(/<details>some details<\/details>/);
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/<extra>sensitive data<\/extra>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(/<name>ValidationError<\/name>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(
+            /<message>The model instance is not valid.<\/message>/,
+          );
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('contains only safe info when status=5xx', function(done) {
+      // Mock an error reported by fs.readFile
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'Error',
+        message: 'ENOENT: no such file or directory, open "/etc/passwd"',
+        errno: -2,
+        code: 'ENOENT',
+        syscall: 'open',
+        path: '/etc/password',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error);
+
+      requestXML()
+        .end(function(err, res) {
+          expect(res.statusCode).to.eql(500);
+          const body = res.error.text;
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/\/etc\/password/);
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/-2/);
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/ENOENT/);
+          // only have the following
+          expect(body).to.match(/<statusCode>500<\/statusCode>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(/<message>Internal Server Error<\/message>/);
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('honors options.rootProperty', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'ValidationError',
+        message: 'The model instance is not valid.',
+        statusCode: 422,
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {rootProperty: 'myRoot'});
+      requestXML()
+        .end(function(err, res) {
+          expect(res.statusCode).to.eql(422);
+          const body = res.error.text;
+          expect(body).to.match(/<myRoot>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(/<details>some details<\/details>/);
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/<extra>sensitive data<\/extra>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(/<name>ValidationError<\/name>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(
+            /<message>The model instance is not valid.<\/message>/,
+          );
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('ignores options.rootProperty = false', function(done) {
+      const error = new ErrorWithProps({
+        name: 'ValidationError',
+        message: 'The model instance is not valid.',
+        statusCode: 422,
+        details: 'some details',
+        extra: 'sensitive data',
+      });
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(error, {rootProperty: false});
+      requestXML()
+        .end(function(err, res) {
+          expect(res.statusCode).to.eql(422);
+          const body = res.error.text;
+          expect(body).to.match(/<error>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(/<details>some details<\/details>/);
+          expect(body).to.not.match(/<extra>sensitive data<\/extra>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(/<name>ValidationError<\/name>/);
+          expect(body).to.match(
+            /<message>The model instance is not valid.<\/message>/,
+          );
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+
+    function requestXML(url) {
+      return request.get(url || '/')
+        .set('Accept', 'text/xml')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^text\/xml/);
+    }
+  });
+
+  context('Content Negotiation', function() {
+    it('defaults to json without options', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {});
+      request.get('/')
+        .set('Accept', '*/*')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^application\/json/, done);
+    });
+
+    it('honors accepted content-type', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+        defaultType: 'application/json',
+      });
+      request.get('/')
+        .set('Accept', 'text/html')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^text\/html/, done);
+    });
+
+    it('honors order of accepted content-type', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+        defaultType: 'text/html',
+      });
+      request.get('/')
+        // `application/json` will be used because its provided first
+        .set('Accept', 'application/json, text/html')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^application\/json/, done);
+    });
+
+    it('disables content-type negotiation when negotiateContentType=false',
+      function(done) {
+        givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+          negotiateContentType: false,
+          defaultType: 'application/json',
+        });
+        request.get('/')
+          .set('Accept', 'text/html')
+          .expect('Content-Type', /^application\/json/, done);
+      });
+
+    it('chooses resolved type when negotiateContentType=false + not-supported',
+      function(done) {
+        givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+          negotiateContentType: false,
+          defaultType: 'unsupported/type',
+        });
+        request.get('/')
+          .set('Accept', 'text/html')
+          .expect('Content-Type', /^text\/html/, done);
+      });
+
+    it('chooses default type when negotiateContentType=false + not-supported ',
+      function(done) {
+        givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+          negotiateContentType: false,
+          defaultType: 'unsupported/type',
+        });
+        request.get('/')
+          .expect('Content-Type', /^application\/json/, done);
+      });
+
+    it('honors order of accepted content-types of text/html', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+        defaultType: 'application/json',
+      });
+      request.get('/')
+        // text/html will be used because its provided first
+        .set('Accept', 'text/html, application/json')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^text\/html/, done);
+    });
+
+    it('picks first supported type upon multiple accepted', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+        defaultType: 'application/json',
+      });
+      request.get('/')
+        .set('Accept', '*/*, not-supported, text/html, application/json')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^text\/html/, done);
+    });
+
+    it('falls back for unsupported option.defaultType', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+        defaultType: 'unsupported',
+      });
+      request.get('/')
+        .set('Accept', '*/*')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^application\/json/, done);
+    });
+
+    it('returns defaultType for unsupported type', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+        defaultType: 'text/html',
+      });
+      request.get('/')
+        .set('Accept', 'unsupported/type')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^text\/html/, done);
+    });
+
+    it('supports query _format', function(done) {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error('Some error'), {
+        defaultType: 'text/html',
+      });
+      request.get('/?_format=html')
+        .set('Accept', 'application/json')
+        .expect('Content-Type', /^text\/html/, done);
+    });
+
+    it('handles unknown _format query', function() {
+      givenErrorHandlerForError();
+      return request.get('/?_format=unknown')
+        .expect('X-Warning', /_format.*not supported/);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('does not modify "options" argument', function(done) {
+    const options = {log: false, debug: false};
+    givenErrorHandlerForError(new Error(), options);
+    request.get('/').end(function(err) {
+      if (err) return done(err);
+      expect(options).to.eql({log: false, debug: false});
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+let app, _requestHandler, request, server;
+function resetRequestHandler() {
+  _requestHandler = null;
+}
+
+function givenErrorHandlerForError(error, options) {
+  if (!error) error = new Error('an error');
+
+  if (!options) options = {};
+  if (!('log' in options)) {
+    // Disable logging to console by default, so that we don't spam
+    // console output. One can use "DEBUG=strong-error-handler" when
+    // troubleshooting.
+    options.log = false;
+  }
+
+  const handler = strongErrorHandler(options);
+  _requestHandler = function(req, res, next) {
+    debug('Invoking strong-error-handler');
+    handler(error, req, res, next);
+  };
+}
+
+function setupHttpServerAndClient(done) {
+  app = express();
+  app.use(function(req, res, next) {
+    if (!_requestHandler) {
+      const msg = 'Error handler middleware was not setup in this test';
+      console.error(msg);
+      res.statusCode = 500;
+      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8');
+      res.end(msg);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    _requestHandler(req, res, warnUnhandledError);
+
+    function warnUnhandledError(err) {
+      console.log('unexpected: strong-error-handler called next with',
+        (err && (err.stack || err)) || 'no error');
+      res.statusCode = 500;
+      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8');
+      res.end(err ?
+        'Unhandled strong-error-handler error:\n' + (err.stack || err) :
+        'The error was silently discared by strong-error-handler');
+    }
+  });
+
+  server = app.listen(0, function() {
+    const url = 'http://127.0.0.1:' + this.address().port;
+    debug('Test server listening on %s', url);
+    request = supertest(app);
+    done();
+  })
+    .once('error', function(err) {
+      debug('Cannot setup HTTP server: %s', err.stack);
+      done(err);
+    });
+}
+
+function stopHttpServerAndClient() {
+  server.close();
+}
+
+function ErrorWithProps(props) {
+  this.name = props.name || 'ErrorWithProps';
+  for (const p in props) {
+    this[p] = props[p];
+  }
+
+  if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
+    // V8 (Chrome, Opera, Node)
+    Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+  }
+}
+util.inherits(ErrorWithProps, Error);
+
+function getExpectedErrorData(err) {
+  const data = {};
+  cloneAllProperties(data, err);
+  return data;
+}