stitchkit 0.92.0 → 0.94.0

package/llms/application.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,1144 @@
+# stitchkit/application — stitchkit docs slice, part 1 of 2
+
+> Generated from the `docs/` tree by `bun run gen:llms`. The index of all slices is
+> `llms.txt` in this package.
+> Continues in `llms/application.2.txt`.
+
+Parts of this slice:
+- `llms/application.txt`: Guide: Managed application kernel  (docs/guide/application-kernel.md) · Guide: Application migration recipes  (docs/guide/application-migration-recipes.md)
+- `llms/application.2.txt`: API reference: `stitchkit/application`  (docs/api/reference.md)
+
+==============================================================================
+# Guide: Managed application kernel  (docs/guide/application-kernel.md)
+==============================================================================
+
+---
+title: Managed application kernel
+description: Compose process-local resources, schedules, readiness, drain and optional provider adapters without building a second job platform.
+type: architecture
+status: active
+created: 2026-08-23
+updated: 2026-09-04 14:11 +07:00
+---
+
+# Managed application kernel
+
+> **Maturity: evolving.** This surface is still finding its shape and may be
+> redefined in any minor release — always with a `### ⚠️ Breaking changes` entry
+> and a migration section, never silently. The server, contract and client
+> surfaces it composes are stable.
+
+Use `stitchkit/application` when several process-local resources must become
+ready and shut down as one application. Keep using the lower-level server and
+signal APIs when one managed server is already the complete lifecycle boundary.
+
+The neutral entrypoint is server-only and works on Bun and Node ≥ 22. It does
+not import provider SDKs.
+
+For complete database, poller, queue-consumer and operational-publisher
+cutovers, continue with the executable
+[application migration recipes](./application-migration-recipes.md).
+
+## Minimal composition
+
+```ts
+import {
+  createApplication,
+  createManagedSchedule,
+  defineManagedResource,
+  managedServerResource,
+} from 'stitchkit/application'
+import { bindProcessSignals } from 'stitchkit/server'
+
+const database = defineManagedResource({
+  id: 'database',
+  required: true,
+  start: async ({ signal, reportHealth }) => {
+    await db.connect({ signal })
+    reportHealth('healthy')
+  },
+  close: () => db.disconnect(),
+})
+
+const cleanup = createManagedSchedule({
+  id: 'cleanup',
+  dependsOn: ['database'],
+  everyMs: 60_000,
+  startAfterMs: 60_000,
+  overlap: { mode: 'skip' },
+  errorPolicy: 'continue',
+  run: ({ signal }) => removeExpiredRecords(signal),
+})
+
+const http = managedServerResource({
+  id: 'http',
+  dependsOn: [database],
+  // Called during `start`, after `database` is ready. The factory receives the
+  // same declared-dependency and startup-signal context as any resource.
+  server: (context) => {
+    const db = context.use(database)
+    return createServer({ port: env.PORT, services: createServices(db) })
+  },
+})
+
+const app = createApplication({
+  id: 'service',
+  resources: [database, http, cleanup],
+  // One number for how long this application may take to stop. `shutdown()`
+  // with no options and the signal path both spend it.
+  shutdown: { gracePeriodMs: 30_000, forceTimeoutMs: 5_000 },
+})
+
+const signals = bindProcessSignals(app, {
+  onComplete: (result) => {
+    process.exitCode = result.outcome === 'clean' ? 0 : 1
+  },
+})
+
+await app.start()
+```
+
+**Bind before you start, and the order is load-bearing.** Reading it the other way
+round — start serving, then arrange for shutdown — leaves a window between the
+first accepted request and the first listener, and a supervisor that sends
+`SIGTERM` inside that window kills the process outright: exit 143, no shutdown
+chain, no `onComplete`, nothing drained. The window is small and opens exactly
+when the machine is busiest, which is when a supervisor is most likely to be
+restarting something. `bindProcessSignals` does not start anything, so there is
+no cost to binding first.
+
+The exact resource callbacks are typed by their public configuration. The
+important ownership rule is stable: the application decides what the
+database/server/provider objects are and how they are configured; Stitchkit
+orders their process-local lifecycle and decides *when* they come into
+existence.
+
+## Resource authoring
+
+Give every resource a stable, bounded ID and list its dependencies explicitly.
+The graph is validated before any start. Required resources may depend only on
+required resources; an optional integration cannot silently become a required
+dependency.
+
+Start and readiness are different. A connection can finish setup and return a
+ready handle. A poller can return a handle immediately, settle `ready` later,
+and keep a long-lived `completion` promise. Stitchkit observes both.
+
+Once Stitchkit invokes start/activation, cleanup is guaranteed to be attempted.
+Write `close` so it is safe when setup was partial:
+
+```ts
+let cacheClient: CacheClient | undefined
+
+const cache = defineManagedResource({
+  id: 'cache',
+  required: false,
+  start: async ({ signal, reportHealth }) => {
+    cacheClient = new CacheClient()
+    await cacheClient.connect(signal)
+    reportHealth('healthy')
+  },
+  close: async () => {
+    await cacheClient?.close()
+    cacheClient = undefined
+  },
+})
+```
+
+Invoking `start` makes the descriptor rollback-eligible immediately. Its
+`close` callback must therefore clean side effects even when `start` rejects
+before returning a runtime handle. The kernel calls cleanup once and continues
+cleaning other attempted resources even if one close fails.
+
+### Handing a resource to the resources that depend on it
+
+`dependsOn` says *when*. To say *what*, return a `value` from `start` and read
+it with `context.use(...)`:
+
+```ts
+const database = defineManagedResource({
+  id: 'database',
+  start: async ({ signal }) => ({ value: await connect(env.DATABASE_URL, signal) }),
+})
+
+const worker = defineManagedResource({
+  id: 'worker',
+  dependsOn: [database],
+  start: (context) => {
+    const db = context.use(database)   // Connection — not Connection | null
+    return { completion: consume(db, context.signal) }
+  },
+})
+```
+
+Declare the dependency with the **resource**, not its id, whenever you intend to
+read from it: that is the form `use` can type, and it keeps the declaration and
+the read from drifting apart. A string still works when all you need is order.
+
+`managedServerResource` follows the same rule. Its factory receives this context
+during `start`, so constructing routes from a database/service/socket value does
+not need an outer mutable handoff or a custom `start` override. A zero-argument
+factory remains valid when it needs only ordering, and an already-running handle
+can still be passed directly. → ADR 0121.
+
+The value is published when `start` resolves and stays readable for the rest of
+the application's life — from `activate` and from the shutdown phases too, where
+a dependant may still need the handle it was given.
+
+`use` refuses two things, both loudly: a resource that was never declared in
+`dependsOn` (it happens to work whenever declaration order is lucky), and a
+resource that published nothing. The second is refused by the compiler as well —
+reading a value off a resource with no `value` in its `start` does not type.
+
+## Readiness and health
+
+`await app.start()` resolves only after every required resource is ready and
+every required post-ready activation has succeeded. Lifecycle `ready` is
+published before activation so schedules never arm during `starting`;
+application admission opens only after successful activation. Optional failure
+may retain lifecycle `ready`, but snapshot health is `degraded`, never
+`healthy`.
+
+Readiness is not hidden polling. A resource reports health changes through its
+lifecycle context; the application decides when a database/provider probe runs.
+
+**A `reportHealth` call inside `start` is kept.** A resource that says nothing
+is assumed healthy once it is ready; one that reports its own health has already
+answered the question, and the answer stands. (It used to be overwritten — and
+the example above hides that, because `healthy` is the same value that
+overwrote it.)
+
+**A resource is required unless you write `required: false`.** That default is
+what makes the next sentence bite.
+
+**Readiness requires every required resource to be healthy**, so "ready but
+degraded" is unreachable for a required resource by construction: an
+application whose required resource reports anything but `healthy` refuses to
+start, and says which resource and in what state. The refusal distinguishes the
+two ways to get there — a resource that was never healthy is pointed at
+`required: false`; one that was healthy and stopped is pointed at
+`onResourceFailure`. A resource that is *expected* to start
+degraded — up, but still dialling something external — belongs behind
+`required: false`, where it keeps its own health and does not gate the
+application:
+
+```ts
+defineManagedResource({
+  id: 'dialling',
+  required: false,
+  start: ({ reportHealth }) => { reportHealth('degraded') },
+})
+```
+
+An optional resource reporting non-healthy does not gate readiness, but it does
+move the application **aggregate** to `degraded` — which a readiness endpoint
+mapping `degraded` to non-200 will notice.
+
+If startup fails, every resource that was already started is closed in reverse
+order. The rollback runs **one** phase — `close` — not the five a real shutdown
+runs, and `close` receives the same deadlines a shutdown would give it, so a
+server drains what is in flight instead of aborting it.
+
+Those deadlines come from the application's declared budget, and it is worth
+knowing what they cost. With nothing in flight the rollback returns at once: a
+grace period is a ceiling, not a sleep. With something in flight it waits for
+it — that is the point — and with something that **never finishes**, a hung
+upstream or a client that ignores a close frame, it waits out the whole budget
+before forcing. Under the default 30s+5s that turns a failed `start()` that used
+to reject in milliseconds into one that can take 35 seconds to reject.
+
+An application that would rather hear about a broken start immediately says so,
+in the one place both stopping paths read:
+
+```ts
+createApplication({
+  id: 'app',
+  resources,
+  // Applies to `shutdown()` called with no options AND to the rollback of a
+  // failed `start()`, which has no call site of its own to be told.
+  shutdown: { gracePeriodMs: 5_000, forceTimeoutMs: 1_000 },
+})
+```
+
+The budget is a real bound, not just a number handed to each resource: a `close`
+that never returns is abandoned when the budget runs out, reported as a `close`
+failure, and the startup error stays the `cause` of the `AggregateError` that
+`start()` rejects with. Without that, one unresponsive resource could keep a
+failed startup from ever reporting why it failed.
+
+A required long-lived completion that rejects after startup makes readiness
+false and health unhealthy. Stitchkit records the failure but does not restart
+the resource or process.
+
+`ApplicationResourceShutdown.failures` names the phase that failed — `start`,
+`ready`, `completion`, `admission`, `drain`, `close`, `force` — and nothing
+else. To learn *why*, pass `onResourceFailure`:
+
+```ts
+createApplication({
+  id: 'app',
+  resources,
+  onResourceFailure: ({ resourceId, phase, error }) => {
+    log.error({ resourceId, phase, err: error }, 'managed resource failed')
+  },
+})
+```
+
+It fires for every phase, including the one place the cause would otherwise be
+lost entirely: an **optional** resource failing to start. A required one
+rethrows, so its cause reaches you anyway; an optional one is swallowed on
+purpose, because the application keeps running. A throwing observer cannot
+break the lifecycle it observes.
+
+`createApplicationHealthHandler` publishes an `ApplicationStatusProjection`
+through a Fetch-compatible handler, suitable for a raw route on Bun or Node.
+The projection carries the verdict — the application's own `id`, `lifecycle`,
+`health`, `ready`, `capturedAt` and resource **counts** — and never the internal
+topology: no per-resource ids, no `dependsOn` edges, no process `epoch`, no
+admission counters.
+Those stay in `getSnapshot()`, which never leaves the process, and in whatever
+telemetry you wire to it. Product-specific probes may be composed beside it; do
+not put secrets or raw provider failures in the response.
+
+For the conventional three-route surface, reuse the same semantics instead of
+copying them into the application:
+
+```ts
+const operational = createApplicationOperationalHandlers(app)
+
+const rawRoutes = [
+  { method: 'GET', path: '/status', handler: operational.status },
+  { method: 'GET', path: '/ready', handler: operational.readiness },
+  { method: 'GET', path: '/live', handler: operational.liveness },
+]
+```
+
+`status` always returns the current published projection with HTTP 200,
+including while starting, draining or stopped. To read the full snapshot — every
+resource, its dependency edges and the live counters — call `app.getSnapshot()`
+in-process; there is no option that publishes it over HTTP, because these routes
+are meant to be reachable. The two probes retain the existing
+readiness/liveness status and `Retry-After` policy.
+
+Applications that already own an OpenTelemetry SDK may inject its `Meter` into
+the isolated adapter:
+
+```ts
+import { createApplicationOpenTelemetry } from 'stitchkit/application/opentelemetry'
+
+const telemetry = createApplicationOpenTelemetry({
+  meter,
+  application: app,
+  activities: [activity],
+  schedules: [schedule],
+})
+
+// During application cleanup:
+telemetry.close()
+```
+
+The adapter registers fixed observable gauges and pulls the latest canonical
+snapshots on every collection. It owns no exporter, SDK lifecycle, cache,
+subscription or polling loop. Attributes are limited to declared application,
+resource, activity, stage and schedule IDs plus bounded framework states;
+epoch, revision, timestamps, failures and product/provider identities are never
+metric attributes. Install `@opentelemetry/api` only when this entrypoint is
+used; the neutral `stitchkit/application` graph remains peer-free.
+
+Every instrument uses unit `1` and reports an absolute current/lifetime value:
+
+| Instruments | Meaning |
+|---|---|
+| `stitchkit.application.lifecycle`, `.ready` | current lifecycle/health fact and readiness |
+| `stitchkit.application.admission.accepting`, `.accepted`, `.completed`, `.pending` | current gate and absolute lifetime admission counts |
+| `stitchkit.application.resource.ready` | readiness for each declared resource with required/state/health attributes |
+| `stitchkit.application.schedule.accepting`, `.active`, `.queued`, `.runs_started`, `.runs_completed`, `.runs_failed`, `.ticks_skipped` | current schedule state and absolute run/tick counts |
+| `stitchkit.application.activity.active`, `.queued`, `.completed`, `.failed` | absolute stage projections for declared activity sources |
+
+## Replacing part of the graph without stopping the process
+
+`restart` takes down one resource **and everything that depends on it**, then
+brings that subtree back. Everything else keeps running, and the process epoch
+does not move.
+
+```ts
+const result = await app.restart({ resourceId: 'database' })
+
+result.outcome  // 'restarted' | 'failed' | 'refused'
+result.affected // ['database', 'repository', 'api'] — in start order
+```
+
+The dependants come down with it because they are holding what the resource
+published. A repository that kept running across a database replacement holds a
+pool that has been closed: it still typechecks, still has methods, and fails at
+whatever moment the first call happens. There is no version of this where a
+dependant keeps a live handle, so the subtree — not the resource — is the unit.
+
+A leaf restart affects one resource, and an independent neighbour is never
+touched:
+
+```ts
+await app.restart({ resourceId: 'cache' })
+// mailer and database were not stopped, not started, not activated
+```
+
+**Refused is not failed.** An unknown id, a restart during shutdown, and a
+restart before the application is ready all return `refused` with a reason and
+touch nothing. `failed` means the subtree came down and the new generation did
+not come up — and the result agrees with the snapshot: if any affected resource
+ends the restart in `failed`, so does the restart, including an optional one
+whose failure the start loop does not re-throw.
+
+**The close phase is bounded**, by the application's shutdown budget or by one
+this call names:
+
+```ts
+await app.restart({ resourceId: 'database', gracePeriodMs: 5_000, forceTimeoutMs: 2_000 })
+```
+
+**A resource has to be able to start twice.** The kernel calls `start` again, so
+a resource holding state across its own lifetime rebuilds it there. The ones this
+framework ships do — a schedule re-arms, a keyspace opens a new generation and
+re-loads, a managed server built from a factory gets a fresh server. A managed
+server given a server *instance* cannot, and says so by name rather than
+republishing something it has shut down. Give a keyspace a
+`backend: () => …` factory when its backend cannot be re-opened after `close()`.
+
+→ [ADR 0157](../decisions/0157-a-restartable-resource-begins-a-generation.md).
+
+Restarts of overlapping subtrees queue behind each other rather than being
+refused. Two callers asking at once is ordinary; two generations of one resource
+alive at once is the thing this must make impossible.
+
+```ts
+// Both succeed, one complete pass after the other.
+await Promise.all([
+  app.restart({ resourceId: 'database' }),
+  app.restart({ resourceId: 'database' }),
+])
+```
+
+What a restart is **not** is a process restart: it replaces resources, and does
+not re-read configuration the kernel captured when it was constructed.
+
+→ [ADR 0154](../decisions/0154-the-unit-of-a-restart-is-the-subtree.md).
+
+## Decisions a policy set makes together
+
+`createDecisionPipeline` runs an ordered list of policies that each vote
+`allow`, `deny` (with a reason) or `defer`. The first terminal verdict wins and
+the rest do not run.
+
+```ts
+import { createDecisionPipeline } from 'stitchkit/application'
+
+const pipeline = createDecisionPipeline<{ userId: string; scope: string }>([
+  { id: 'banned', decide: (r) => (isBanned(r.userId)
+      ? { outcome: 'deny', reason: 'account suspended' }
+      : { outcome: 'defer' }) },
+  { id: 'scope', decide: (r) => (r.scope === 'admin'
+      ? { outcome: 'allow' }
+      : { outcome: 'defer' }) },
+  { id: 'default', decide: () => ({ outcome: 'deny', reason: 'no policy allowed this' }) },
+], { policyTimeoutMs: 2_000 })
+
+const result = await pipeline.decide(request)
+result.outcome // 'allow' | 'deny' — never 'defer'
+result.trace   // the policies that actually ran, in order
+```
+
+Three things are deliberate.
+
+**A deny carries a reason, by schema.** `{ outcome: 'deny' }` alone does not
+typecheck. A refusal whose cause exists only in the log of whoever refused is a
+support ticket.
+
+**The trace is what ran, not what was declared.** It stops at the terminal
+verdict. When something was denied the question is which policy denied it and
+what the ones before it said, and a trace listing policies that never ran would
+answer that wrongly while looking complete.
+
+**Every policy deferring raises.** `DecisionUndecidedError`, not a default —
+defaulting to `allow` turns an incomplete policy set into an open door, and
+defaulting to `deny` turns it into an outage whose cause reads as a legitimate
+refusal.
+
+**A policy that does not answer raises too.** A non-decision, a throw, and running
+past `policyTimeoutMs` are one error — `DecisionPolicyError`, naming the policy
+and carrying the trace so far — because they are indistinguishable downstream and
+handling one but not the others is how a broken policy becomes a skipped one. The
+chain stops there rather than falling through to whatever the next policy would
+have said.
+
+`policyTimeoutMs` is required and has no default. Pick a number your slowest
+policy comfortably beats. The framework will not choose it for you: a policy that
+never settles hangs every caller of the operation it guards, and a default here
+is a number nobody chose applied to code the framework has never seen.
+
+The same `allow`/`deny`/`defer` type is what an event topic declared
+`mode: 'decision'` uses in `stitchkit/live` — one vocabulary, because a listener
+voting on an event and a policy voting on a request are answering the same
+question.
+
+→ [ADR 0155](../decisions/0155-one-decision-vocabulary-and-an-unanswered-question-is-an-error.md).
+
+## Admission and graceful shutdown
+
+Use the application operation lease for work that is not already counted by a
+managed resource:
+
+```ts
+const operation = app.admission.acquire()
+if (!operation) return Response.json({ error: 'unavailable' }, { status: 503 })
+
+try {
+  await performAcceptedWork()
+} finally {
+  operation.release()
+}
+```
+
+`release()` is idempotent. Admission and counter increment are atomic, so work
+cannot slip between the shutdown check and drain accounting.
+
+`managedServerResource` already owns contract/streaming-route response lifetimes. It cancels
+their supplied signals at admission close and awaits source cleanup before dependent resources
+close. Do not add application admission leases or a second cancellation registry for those
+streams. A source that ignores cancellation or fails its cleanup prevents a clean shutdown;
+the existing grace and force budgets still bound the result.
+
+### Bounded operation admission
+
+Compose `createBoundedAdmission` when accepted work also competes for a finite
+process-local resource:
+
+```ts
+const generations = createBoundedAdmission({
+  upstream: app.admission,
+  policy: {
+    global: { maxConcurrent: 8, rate: { limit: 120, intervalMs: 60_000 } },
+    perKey: { maxConcurrent: 1, maxKeys: 2_000 },
+  },
+})
+
+await generations.run(accountId, ({ signal }) => generate({ signal }), {
+  signal: request.signal,
+  timeoutMs: 30_000,
+})
+```
+
+Acquisition is no-queue and atomic across every configured budget. Refusal names
+the exact bound; only a rate refusal carries `retryAfterMs`. `maxKeys` keeps the
+per-key registry finite, and expired idle entries are retired.
+
+The caller timeout is a wait budget, not proof that the resource stopped. It
+aborts the signal and settles the caller, but the lease remains active until the
+underlying Promise actually settles. `drain()` therefore reports real work;
+`force()` closes admission and reports remaining work without claiming to have
+terminated it. → ADR 0118.
+
+### Bounded revision wake-up
+
+Use `createRevisionSignal` when several operations need to wait for the same
+process-local fact to change, but the change itself is not a queue item:
+
+```ts
+const connectionsChanged = createRevisionSignal({ maxWaiters: 256 })
+
+const observed = connectionsChanged.getSnapshot().revision
+const result = await connectionsChanged.wait(observed, {
+  signal: request.signal,
+  timeoutMs: 10_000,
+})
+
+// After changing the canonical connection state:
+connectionsChanged.advance()
+```
+
+`wait(after)` resolves immediately when the signal is already newer than
+`after`; this closes the race between reading a snapshot and registering the
+wait. Waiting on the current revision parks one operation, up to `maxWaiters`.
+Every terminal result carries the revision it observed and distinguishes
+`changed`, `timed-out`, `aborted`, `closed` and `capacity`. A future `after` is
+a caller error rather than a revision the signal could honestly promise to
+reach.
+
+One advance wakes every older waiter. It is not consumed by the first reader,
+does not retain event payloads and has no replay history. A bounded channel is
+for delivering items to one reader; a credit window grants a finite resource.
+
+The signal is already its whole lifecycle handle. Call its idempotent `close()`
+from the `close` phase of the managed resource that owns the changing fact;
+there is no second managed-resource wrapper around the same state. → ADR 0163.
+
+### Bounded delivery and byte credit
+
+`createBoundedChannel` is for one asynchronous reader when an event bus is not a
+queue:
+
+```ts
+const output = createBoundedChannel<string>({
+  policy: 'ordered',
+  maxItems: 64,
+  maxBytes: 256 * 1024,
+  sizeOf: (value) => new TextEncoder().encode(value).byteLength,
+})
+
+const progress = createBoundedChannel<{ revision: number }>({
+  policy: 'latest',
+  maxItems: 1,
+  maxBytes: 128,
+  sizeOf: () => 128,
+})
+```
+
+`ordered` never overwrites accepted values; overflow is a reasoned refusal.
+`latest` retains exactly one pending replaceable value and reports
+`coalesced`. Offers never create a hidden writer queue, and only one `next()` may
+wait. Close chooses `drain` (default) or `discard`; abort discards; failure
+rejects the parked and all later reads.
+
+`createCreditWindow({ capacityBytes })` is the smaller primitive for a protocol
+that already owns its queue but needs exact byte permission. Each credit lease
+replenishes once; it is flow-control credit, not a durable acknowledgement. The
+application snapshot sink now shares the same latest-value mechanics without
+changing its revision or status contract. → ADR 0119.
+
+### Bounded local diagnostic journal
+
+Use `createDiagnosticJournal` when a process needs finite, ordered local metadata evidence and the
+deployment log pipeline is not the right boundary:
+
+It lives at `stitchkit/application/diagnostic-journal`, not in the main barrel:
+it is the one part of the kernel that spawns, locks and writes files, and while it
+was exported from `stitchkit/application` that single line made the whole
+entrypoint unusable in a browser bundle. Its schemas stay in
+`stitchkit/application`.
+
+```ts
+import { createDiagnosticJournal } from 'stitchkit/application/diagnostic-journal'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+
+const journal = await createDiagnosticJournal({
+  eventSchema: z.object({
+    kind: z.enum(['resource_failed', 'recovery_started']),
+    resource: z.string().max(80),
+  }).strict(),
+  path: '/var/lib/example/diagnostic.jsonl', // operator configuration, never request data
+  limits: {
+    maxEventBytes: 4 * 1024,
+    maxPendingItems: 128,
+    maxPendingBytes: 512 * 1024,
+    maxFileBytes: 8 * 1024 * 1024,
+    maxFiles: 4,
+  },
+  onFailure: (failure) => internalLogger.error(failure),
+})
+
+const result = journal.submit({ kind: 'recovery_started', resource: 'database' })
+if (result.outcome === 'refused') internalCounter.add(1, { reason: result.reason })
+
+// During managed-resource close. Timeout ends this wait, not the physical append.
+await journal.close({ timeoutMs: 5_000 })
+```
+
+The owner schema and JSON serialization run synchronously before admission. Accepted frames carry
+a process epoch and contiguous sequence and retain their complete bytes inside both pending limits
+until their append attempt settles. Capacity, invalid, oversized, closed and terminal-failure
+refusals are explicit; accepted ordered frames are never evicted.
+
+The absolute path's parent must already exist and be operator-controlled. One manager owns it via
+an exclusive `.lock`; new files use mode `0600` by default. `maxFiles` includes the active file,
+and a non-newline startup tail is rotated intact rather than guessed or repaired. An abrupt process
+death may leave the lock for an operator to remove only after proving the former owner is gone.
+
+`flush()` means every accepted append through that call's boundary settled. It is not `fsync`, a
+durable receipt, exactly-once execution or remote delivery. Timeout/cancellation bound only the
+waiter; the writer retains physical capacity until settlement. There is no reader or upload API.
+Use a durable application store or deployment-owned log collector when restart recovery, replay or
+aggregation is required. → [ADR 0134](../decisions/0134-diagnostic-journal-is-bounded-local-evidence.md).
+
+Shutdown performs one phase barrier at a time: stop admission everywhere,
+cancel future schedules, drain admitted work, then close in reverse stable
+topological order. Every hook shares the same grace deadline. Forced cleanup
+shares one force deadline. Repeated `shutdown()` calls return the cached promise;
+a repeated process signal forces that same chain.
+
+Do not add a second `process.on('SIGTERM')` handler around the application.
+`bindProcessSignals(app)` is the force/escalation owner. Exit code and hard-exit
+policy remain application/supervisor choices.
+
+**Where the budget comes from on the signal path.** `bindProcessSignals(app)`
+with no `shutdown` forwards nothing, so the application spends the budget it
+declared in `createApplication({ shutdown })`. Pass `shutdown` to the binding
+only to override that budget for signals specifically; passing one key overrides
+that key alone and leaves the other at the declaration. Declare the budget once,
+on the application — repeating it in both places is how the two numbers start to
+disagree, and the operator's supervisor timeout is calculated from the one they
+can read.
+
+## Managed schedules
+
+Schedules activate only after top-level readiness:
+
+```ts
+createManagedSchedule({
+  id: 'reconcile',
+  everyMs: 5_000,
+  startAfterMs: 0,
+  overlap: { mode: 'queue-one' },
+  errorPolicy: 'continue',
+  onError: (error) => internalLogger.error(error),
+  run: ({ signal }) => reconcile(signal),
+})
+```
+
+- `skip` ignores a due tick while one execution is active.
+- `queue-one` retains one successor; additional due ticks coalesce.
+- `parallel` requires `maxConcurrent`; overflow skips rather than creating a
+  hidden queue.
+
+The callback receives the application shutdown signal. Normal shutdown waits
+for admitted executions; force aborts the shared signal. There are no retries,
+cron/timezone rules, persisted cursors, backfill or cross-process locks. Put
+those semantics in a durable application scheduler when they are required.
+Schedule cadence stays monotonic, while status snapshots expose ISO wall-clock
+`capturedAt`, `changedAt` and next/last-run timestamps for portable observation.
+
+## Operational projection
+
+Declare aggregate activity stages, then update them with anonymous handles:
+
+```ts
+const generations = createActivityProjection({
+  id: 'generation',
+  stages: ['queued', 'running', 'finalizing'],
+})
+
+const activity = generations.open('queued', 'queued')
+generations.transition(activity, { stage: 'running', state: 'active' })
+generations.transition(activity, { stage: 'finalizing', state: 'active' })
+generations.complete(activity)
+```
+
+Item identity is deliberately absent from the snapshot. Observers receive
+aggregate counts with application identity, process epoch, revision and
+timestamps. Calling a terminal method twice does not double-count.
+
+```ts
+const sink = createApplicationSnapshotSink({
+  write: (snapshot) => publishOperationalSnapshot(snapshot),
+})
+
+const unsubscribe = generations.subscribe((snapshot) => {
+  sink.publish(snapshot)
+})
+
+// During application cleanup:
+unsubscribe()
+await sink.close()
+```
+
+The sink replays the current absolute value and coalesces obsolete pending
+revisions behind a slow write. Sink failure is observable but cannot fail the
+application operation that changed the projection.
+
+## Optional grammY adapter
+
+Install grammY only in an application that imports the adapter:
+
+```ts
+import { Bot } from 'grammy'
+import {
+  createGrammyWebhookResource,
+  grammyPollingResource,
+} from 'stitchkit/application/grammy'
+```
+
+For simple long polling, pass an already-configured bot:
+
+```ts
+const bot = new Bot(env.BOT_TOKEN)
+bot.command('start', (ctx) => ctx.reply('Hello'))
+bot.catch(({ error }) => internalLogger.error(error))
+
+const telegram = grammyPollingResource({
+  id: 'telegram',
+  bot,
+  required: true,
+})
+```
+
+Readiness follows grammY's `onStart`. Shutdown calls `bot.stop()` once and then
+awaits the retained `bot.start()` promise, because grammY documents that
+`stop()` alone does not wait for middleware completion.
+
+For webhook ingress, `createGrammyWebhookResource` wraps provider-owned update
+handling with admission and drain. The application still mounts the HTTP route,
+verifies/configures its webhook and chooses the grammY framework adapter. An
+update accepted before shutdown may finish; a later update is rejected.
+
+The adapter never reads the token/env, installs commands, changes `bot.catch`,
+chooses retry plugins, drops pending updates, sends outbound messages or stores
+updates. A durable inbox/retry worker remains an application component, not a
+mode of this adapter.
+
+## What disappears from an application
+
+A typical small service can replace roughly 120–220 lines of generic signal,
+timer, admission and close bookkeeping with resource declarations. A larger
+multi-resource service commonly carries 250–450 generic lifecycle lines plus
+15–30 lines for each periodic timer. These are directional review estimates,
+not an API guarantee.
+
+The responsibility change is more important than line count:
+
+| Before | After |
+|---|---|
+| hand-written phase enum and readiness waiters | `createApplication` snapshot |
+| `process.on` signal loop and escalation | `bindProcessSignals(app)` |
+| interval/timeout handles and overlap flag | `createManagedSchedule` |
+| global in-flight counter and drain waiter set | application operation leases |
+| manual stop/close fan-out | resource graph + bounded shutdown |
+| progress delta events | absolute activity projection |
+
+Durable job tables, lifecycle journals/outboxes, provider inboxes and business
+retry rules do **not** disappear. They were never process-local glue and remain
+application-owned.
+
+## Durable process facts and owner notifications
+
+`createProcessLifecycleLedger` records a bounded versioned list of process runs.
+Start, readiness and shutdown target both `runId` and `pid`, so hot reload and
+PID reuse cannot close the wrong generation. A start classifies what happened to
+the newest run before it, and the classification is decided by three facts —
+whether that run recorded its own exit, whether the pid is the same, and whether
+the version changed:
+
+| newest run | same pid | version | `previousExit` | predecessor's `termination` |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| none | — | — | `first-boot` | — |
+| recorded `stoppedAt` | — | — | `clean` / `forced` / `abnormal` as recorded | unchanged |
+| still `active` | yes | — | `hot-reload` | `hot-reload`, closed at the new start |
+| still `active` | no | changed | `handoff` | stays `active`; it records its own stop later |
+| still `active` | no | same | `abnormal` (default) | `abnormal`, closed at the new start — an upper bound, the crash time is unknown |
+
+A version of `unknown` on either side is never a version change, so a dev build
+after a crashed release reads `abnormal`, not `handoff`. `forced` means the
+process itself acknowledged a kill; `abnormal` means a successor found it dead.
+
+The last row is a choice, and the default is the single-process deployment:
+one process per build, a new pid of the same build means the old one stopped
+answering. Where two processes of **one** build overlap on purpose — a
+cluster, a zero-downtime reload of the same build — pass
+`sameVersionOverlap: 'handoff'` to the ledger, and the predecessor stays
+`active` until it records its own shutdown. The cost of that setting is
+symmetric: a real crash under it is reported as a handoff and the dead run
+stays `active` in the ledger until retention drops it. The list is kept in the
+order the transitions wrote it — every write goes through one atomic update,
+so that order is the causal one, and a successor whose clock lags its
+predecessor still finds it at the head; `startedAt` is data, not the sort key.
+Retention (`retain`, default 20) drops finished runs first and an active one —
+a live handoff predecessor — only when nothing finished is left. Facts are
+published through the ledger's own subscription and resource value;
+`ApplicationEventSink` remains the strict application-state stream.
+
+`createNotificationOutbox` is the transport-neutral durable delivery side. It
+persists before send, claims an item with an expiring lease, carries one stable
+idempotency key into the transport, retries under an injected clock and records
+terminal drops. The guarantee is at-least-once: a crash after remote acceptance
+but before the receipt is persisted may redeliver, so transports should use the
+key when they support deduplication. The retry budget is sized for the outage
+an owner notification has to outlive, not for a flaky call: the default backoff
+doubles from one second and caps at sixty (`backoffDelay`, the one formula the
+client's resumable streams also use, with jitter 0), and the 99 waits between
+the default `maxAttempts` of 100 sum to 1+2+4+8+16+32 s plus 93 × 60 s — about
+94 minutes — before `onDropped` sees `attempt-limit`.
+`state()` is a read and never fails on the bounds a transition enforces — a file
+that grew past `maxStateBytes` under an older limit is inspectable and is
+trimmed by the next transition. Two bounds do fail loudly: `enqueue` past
+`maxQueue` throws rather than dropping silently, and a `backoffMs` that returns
+`NaN`, a negative or an infinite delay rejects the flush. `stop()` lets the
+send in flight finish and claims nothing more; a `send` without its own
+deadline holds `stop()` — and so the resource's `force()` — for that one call,
+so give the transport a timeout. Superseding a key that is being sent right now
+does not recall it: the send completes, and only its receipt is not written.
+
+Both primitives depend on the structural `StateStore`. On a server,
+`createFileStateStore` supplies the shared Zod-validated JSON adapter with an
+inter-process lock, unique temporary file, fsync and atomic rename. The lock
+is a file with a heartbeat: the holder refreshes its mtime every third of
+`staleLockMs` (default 3 s), a contender waits up to `lockTimeoutMs` (default
+10 s), and the stale bound must sit inside the timeout — otherwise a crashed
+holder blocks every update until the lock ages out, which the constructor
+refuses. A lock whose heartbeat is stale is reclaimed once its recorded pid is
+gone; a live or unverifiable pid (a reused number, another user's process)
+keeps it for ten stale bounds — and never fewer than thirty missed heartbeats,
+so a scheduler stall on a loaded host cannot pull a live lock from under its
+holder — after which the heartbeat wins and the lock is abandoned. Temporary files a crashed writer left beside the state are swept on
+the store's first update. Ledger corruption may be declared reconstructable;
+an outbox must fail closed rather than silently discard pending delivery.
+
+==============================================================================
+# Guide: Application migration recipes  (docs/guide/application-migration-recipes.md)
+==============================================================================
+
+---
+title: Application migration recipes
+description: Executable patterns for moving database, poller, queue and operational publishing lifecycle into the managed application kernel.
+type: architecture
+status: active
+created: 2026-08-24
+updated: 2026-08-24
+---
+
+# Application migration recipes
+
+These recipes are the migration companion to the
+[managed application kernel](./application-kernel.md). Their canonical source is
+the packed-consumer fixture
+[`application-migration-recipes.ts`](../../packages/core/scripts/consumer-lane/fixtures/minimal/src/application-migration-recipes.ts):
+the consumer lane installs the package tarball, typechecks that file and runs it
+only through `stitchkit/application` exports.
+
+## Database connection
+
+Wrap connection allocation and readiness in `start`, and make `close` safe after
+partial setup. Stitchkit invokes cleanup for every attempted start, including a
+start that allocates a client and then rejects.
+
+```ts
+const database = defineManagedResource({
+  id: 'database',
+  async start({ signal, reportHealth }) {
+    await databaseClient.connect(signal)
+    await databaseClient.assertReady()
+    reportHealth('healthy')
+  },
+  close: () => databaseClient.close(),
+})
+```
+
+The application still owns the client, ORM configuration, transactions,
+migrations and reconnect policy. The executable recipe deliberately fails after
+allocation and proves one rollback close.
+
+## Long-running poller
+
+Return separate readiness and completion promises. Readiness says dependants may
+start; completion represents the whole background lifetime.
+
+```ts
+const poller = defineManagedResource({
+  id: 'poller',
+  start: ({ signal }) => ({
+    ready: providerPoller.ready,
+    completion: providerPoller.run(signal),
+  }),
+  stopAdmission: () => providerPoller.stop(),
+  drain: () => providerPoller.completion,
+  close: () => providerPoller.close(),
+})
+```
+
+Completion before readiness fails startup and rolls back. Completion after
+readiness removes application readiness. Provider cursor persistence, retry,
+backoff and restart policy remain application/provider concerns.
+
+## Queue consumer
+
+Acquire the application lease only after provider delivery/claim. If admission
+is already closed, reject the delivery through the provider's own nack/requeue
+primitive. Work admitted before shutdown releases its lease after ack/nack and
+therefore participates in application drain.
+
+```ts
+async function handleDelivery(delivery: Delivery) {
+  const lease = app.admission.acquire()
+  if (!lease) return delivery.nack({ requeue: true })
+  try {
+    await processClaim(delivery.claim)
+    await delivery.ack()
+  } catch (error) {
+    await delivery.nack({ requeue: shouldRetry(error) })
+    throw error
+  } finally {
+    lease.release()
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Stitchkit owns only process-local admission accounting and drain. Durable claims,
+visibility timeouts, deduplication, idempotency and retry classification remain
+in the queue/product layer.
+
+## Operational publisher
+
+Project anonymous aggregate activity, then feed absolute snapshots into the
+latest-value sink. A slow transport holds one write plus one replaceable latest
+revision rather than an unbounded event queue.
+
+```ts
+const publisher = createApplicationSnapshotSink({
+  write: (snapshot) => monitoring.publish(snapshot),
+})
+const activity = createActivityProjection({
+  id: 'generation',
+  stages: ['queued', 'running'],
+})
+const unsubscribe = activity.subscribe((snapshot) => {
+  publisher.publish(snapshot)
+})
+
+// cleanup boundary
+unsubscribe()
+publisher.publish(activity.getSnapshot())
+await publisher.close()
+```
+
+The monitoring backend, transport retry and cross-process aggregation remain
+outside Stitchkit. The executable recipe blocks revision 0, coalesces
+intermediate revisions, explicitly admits the final absolute snapshot after
+unsubscribe and proves that `close()` flushes revision 3. Do not rely on an
+asynchronous subscriber callback racing cleanup: publish `getSnapshot()` before
+closing the outer sink, so any older or duplicate late delivery is rejected as
+stale instead of dropping the final state.
+
+## Bound a handler and a local worker with one lease policy
+
+Use a bounded admission when two entry paths consume the same finite local
+capacity. Composing it with `application.admission` keeps readiness and shutdown
+as the upstream gate:
+
+```ts
+const work = createBoundedAdmission({
+  upstream: app.admission,
+  policy: {
+    global: { maxConcurrent: 4 },
+    perKey: { maxConcurrent: 1, maxKeys: 1_000 },
+  },
+})
+
+const fromHttp = (key: string, signal: AbortSignal) =>
+  work.run(key, (context) => render(context.signal), { signal, timeoutMs: 20_000 })
+
+const fromWorker = (key: string) =>
+  work.run(key, (context) => reconcile(context.signal))
+```
+
+A timeout in `fromHttp` does not free a permit while `render` remains active.
+At shutdown call `work.stopAdmission()` with the other admission owners and
+await `work.drain(...)`; the result reports the actual remainder.
+
+## Replace ad-hoc output and progress queues
+
+Ordered output and replaceable progress are separate declarations:
+
+```ts
+const lines = createBoundedChannel<string>({
+  policy: 'ordered', maxItems: 100, maxBytes: 1_000_000,
+  sizeOf: (line) => new TextEncoder().encode(line).byteLength,
+})
+
+const state = createBoundedChannel<{ revision: number; percent: number }>({
+  policy: 'latest', maxItems: 1, maxBytes: 64,
+  sizeOf: () => 64,
+})
+
+const lineResult = lines.offer('one durable-in-process ordering unit')
+const stateResult = state.offer({ revision: 2, percent: 50 })
+```
+
+Handle `refused` from `lines` at the protocol boundary; do not turn it into
+implicit loss. A `coalesced` state result is expected latest-value behaviour,
+not evidence that an ordered event was delivered. Neither channel is durable;
+persist first when restart replay is required.
+
+## Handing a handle to the resources that depend on it
+
+`dependsOn` carries ordering. To carry the object as well, return a `value` from
+`start` and read it with `context.use(...)`. This replaces the module-local
+`let handle: T | null` with the guard the graph makes unreachable.
+
+```ts
+const database = defineManagedResource({
+  id: 'database',
+  start: async () => ({ value: await connect(env.DATABASE_URL) }),
+})
+
+const worker = defineManagedResource({
+  id: 'worker',
+  dependsOn: [database],
+  start(context) {
+    const db = context.use(database)   // Connection — not Connection | null
+  },
+})
+```
+
+Declare the dependency with the **resource** whenever you intend to read from
+it: that is the form `use` can type, and it stops the declaration and the read
+from drifting. A string still expresses order on its own.
+
+The value is published when `start` resolves and stays readable from `activate`
+and from the shutdown phases. `use` refuses a resource that was not declared in
+`dependsOn` — that only ever worked by luck of declaration order — and refuses a
+resource that published nothing, which the compiler refuses too. The executable
+recipe proves both the read and the refusal.
+
+## Managed HTTP server
+
+The main resource of a web backend, and the one whose ownership rule is
+counter-intuitive: give `managedServerResource` a **thunk** and it creates the
+server during `start`, after its dependencies are ready. Give it an
+already-listening server and it adopts that one instead.
+
+```ts
+const http = managedServerResource({
+  id: 'http',
+  dependsOn: [database],
+  server: (context) => {
+    const db = context.use(database)
+    return createServer({ port: env.PORT, services: createServices(db) })
+  },
+})
+
+const app = createApplication({ id: 'service', resources: [database, http] })
+await app.start()   // the port is bound; the snapshot means it
+```
+
+The server resource publishes its `ManagedServerHandle`, so anything that needs
+the running server — a Socket.IO attachment, a URL to log, a probe — reads it
+with `context.use(http)` rather than through a module-local.
+
+The factory itself receives `ManagedResourceContext` too. It can read only the
+dependencies declared on the server resource and shares the graph's startup
+signal. A dependency failure prevents the factory from binding; a factory
+rejection is rolled back without invoking the factory a second time.
+
+Do not spread this resource over your own `start` to control creation order:
+that shape exists only as a workaround for the version whose `start` was empty,
+and `dependsOn` now expresses the order directly. The executable recipe binds a
+real port, proves a request reaches it after `start()` resolves, and proves the
+port is closed after `shutdown()`.
+
+## Deletion checklist
+
+After the cutover, remove the old generic lifecycle path completely:
+
+- duplicate `process.on(...)` handlers and shutdown promise caches;
+- manual readiness waiters and resource close fan-out;
+- raw interval handles, overlap flags and timer drain code;
+- global in-flight counters and waiter sets replaced by application leases;
+- progress delta queues replaced by absolute snapshot publishing.
+
+Keep the product code that still owns durable state and policy:
+
+- database schema, transactions and migrations;
+- queue claims, ack/nack, deduplication and external-effect idempotency;
+- provider cursor, retry/backoff and credentials;
+- monitoring transport configuration and durable retention;
+- process exit code, hard-exit and deployment/supervisor policy.
+
+Run the old and new lifecycle paths separately during development if needed,
+but do not ship both. Before cutover, verify there is exactly one signal binding,
+one timer owner, one admission gate and one resource cleanup chain.