npm - step-node-agent - Versions diffs - 3.20.2 → 3.21.0 - Mend

step-node-agent 3.20.2 → 3.21.0

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+<html><head>
+<title>scripts</title>
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+</svg>
+<div class="title">
+npm command-line interface
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<section id="content">
+<header class="title">
+<h1 id="scripts">scripts</h1>
+<span class="description">How npm handles the "scripts" field</span>
+</header>
+<section id="table_of_contents">
+<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
+<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#pre--post-scripts">Pre &amp; Post Scripts</a></li><li><a href="#life-cycle-scripts">Life Cycle Scripts</a></li><ul><li><a href="#prepare-and-prepublish">Prepare and Prepublish</a></li></ul><li><a href="#life-cycle-operation-order">Life Cycle Operation Order</a></li><ul><li><a href="#npm-publish"><a href="../commands/npm-publish.html"><code>npm publish</code></a></a></li><li><a href="#npm-pack"><a href="../commands/npm-pack.html"><code>npm pack</code></a></a></li><li><a href="#npm-install"><a href="../commands/npm-install.html"><code>npm install</code></a></a></li><li><a href="#npm-start"><a href="../commands/npm-start.html"><code>npm start</code></a></a></li></ul><li><a href="#default-values">Default Values</a></li><li><a href="#user">User</a></li><li><a href="#environment">Environment</a></li><ul><li><a href="#path">path</a></li><li><a href="#packagejson-vars">package.json vars</a></li><li><a href="#configuration">configuration</a></li><li><a href="#special-packagejson-config-object">Special: package.json “config” object</a></li><li><a href="#current-lifecycle-event">current lifecycle event</a></li></ul><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#exiting">Exiting</a></li><li><a href="#hook-scripts">Hook Scripts</a></li><li><a href="#best-practices">Best Practices</a></li><li><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></li></ul></div>
+</section>
+<div id="_content"><h3 id="description">Description</h3>
+<p>The <code>"scripts"</code> property of of your <code>package.json</code> file supports a number of built-in scripts and their preset life cycle events as well as arbitrary scripts. These all can be executed by running <code>npm run-script &lt;stage&gt;</code> or <code>npm run &lt;stage&gt;</code> for short. <em>Pre</em> and <em>post</em> commands with matching names will be run for those as well (e.g. <code>premyscript</code>, <code>myscript</code>, <code>postmyscript</code>). Scripts from dependencies can be run with <code>npm explore &lt;pkg&gt; -- npm run &lt;stage&gt;</code>.</p>
+<h3 id="pre--post-scripts">Pre &amp; Post Scripts</h3>
+<p>To create “pre” or “post” scripts for any scripts defined in the <code>"scripts"</code> section of the <code>package.json</code>, simply create another script <em>with a matching name</em> and add “pre” or “post” to the beginning of them.</p>
+<pre lang="json"><code>{
+  "scripts": {
+    "precompress": "{{ executes BEFORE the `compress` script }}",
+    "compress": "{{ run command to compress files }}",
+    "postcompress": "{{ executes AFTER `compress` script }}"
+  }
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="life-cycle-scripts">Life Cycle Scripts</h3>
+<p>There are some special life cycle scripts that happen only in certain situations. These scripts happen in addtion to the “pre” and “post” script.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>prepare</code>, <code>prepublish</code>, <code>prepublishOnly</code>, <code>prepack</code>, <code>postpack</code></li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>prepare</strong> (since <code>npm@4.0.0</code>)</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Runs BEFORE the package is packed</li>
+<li>Runs BEFORE the package is published</li>
+<li>Runs on local <code>npm install</code> without any arguments</li>
+<li>Run AFTER <code>prepublish</code>, but BEFORE <code>prepublishOnly</code></li>
+<li>NOTE: If a package being installed through git contains a <code>prepare</code> script, its <code>dependencies</code> and <code>devDependencies</code> will be installed, and the prepare script will be run, before the package is packaged and installed.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>prepublish</strong> (DEPRECATED)</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Same as <code>prepare</code></li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>prepublishOnly</strong></p>
+<ul>
+<li>Runs BEFORE the package is prepared and packed, ONLY on <code>npm publish</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>prepack</strong></p>
+<ul>
+<li>Runs BEFORE a tarball is packed (on “<code>npm pack</code>”, “<code>npm publish</code>”, and when installing a git dependencies).</li>
+<li>NOTE: “<code>npm run pack</code>” is NOT the same as “<code>npm pack</code>”. “<code>npm run pack</code>” is an arbitrary user defined script name, where as, “<code>npm pack</code>” is a CLI defined command.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>postpack</strong></p>
+<ul>
+<li>Runs AFTER the tarball has been generated and moved to its final destination.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="prepare-and-prepublish">Prepare and Prepublish</h4>
+<p><strong>Deprecation Note: prepublish</strong></p>
+<p>Since <code>npm@1.1.71</code>, the npm CLI has run the <code>prepublish</code> script for both <code>npm publish</code> and <code>npm install</code>, because it’s a convenient way to prepare a package for use (some common use cases are described in the section below).  It has also turned out to be, in practice, <a href="https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10074">very confusing</a>.  As of <code>npm@4.0.0</code>, a new event has been introduced, <code>prepare</code>, that preserves this existing behavior. A <em>new</em> event, <code>prepublishOnly</code> has been added as a transitional strategy to allow users to avoid the confusing behavior of existing npm versions and only run on <code>npm publish</code> (for instance, running the tests one last time to ensure they’re in good shape).</p>
+<p>See <a href="https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10074">https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10074</a> for a much lengthier justification, with further reading, for this change.</p>
+<p><strong>Use Cases</strong></p>
+<p>If you need to perform operations on your package before it is used, in a way that is not dependent on the operating system or architecture of the target system, use a <code>prepublish</code> script. This includes tasks such as:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Compiling CoffeeScript source code into JavaScript.</li>
+<li>Creating minified versions of JavaScript source code.</li>
+<li>Fetching remote resources that your package will use.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The advantage of doing these things at <code>prepublish</code> time is that they can be done once, in a single place, thus reducing complexity and variability. Additionally, this means that:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>You can depend on <code>coffee-script</code> as a <code>devDependency</code>, and thus
+your users don’t need to have it installed.</li>
+<li>You don’t need to include minifiers in your package, reducing
+the size for your users.</li>
+<li>You don’t need to rely on your users having <code>curl</code> or <code>wget</code> or
+other system tools on the target machines.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="life-cycle-operation-order">Life Cycle Operation Order</h3>
+<h4 id="npm-publish"><a href="../commands/npm-publish.html"><code>npm publish</code></a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li><code>prepublishOnly</code></li>
+<li><code>prepare</code></li>
+<li><code>prepublish</code></li>
+<li><code>publish</code></li>
+<li><code>postpublish</code></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="npm-pack"><a href="../commands/npm-pack.html"><code>npm pack</code></a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li><code>prepack</code></li>
+<li><code>postpack</code></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="npm-install"><a href="../commands/npm-install.html"><code>npm install</code></a></h4>
+<ul>
+<li><code>preinstall</code></li>
+<li><code>install</code></li>
+<li><code>postinstall</code></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Also triggers</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>prepublish</code> (when on local)</li>
+<li><code>prepare</code> (when on local)</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="npm-start"><a href="../commands/npm-start.html"><code>npm start</code></a></h4>
+<p><code>npm run start</code> has an <code>npm start</code> shorthand.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>prestart</code></li>
+<li><code>start</code></li>
+<li><code>poststart</code></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="default-values">Default Values</h3>
+<p>npm will default some script values based on package contents.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>"start": "node server.js"</code>:</p>
+<p>If there is a <code>server.js</code> file in the root of your package, then npm
+will default the <code>start</code> command to <code>node server.js</code>.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>"install": "node-gyp rebuild"</code>:</p>
+<p>If there is a <code>binding.gyp</code> file in the root of your package and you
+haven’t defined your own <code>install</code> or <code>preinstall</code> scripts, npm will
+default the <code>install</code> command to compile using node-gyp.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="user">User</h3>
+<p>If npm was invoked with root privileges, then it will change the uid
+to the user account or uid specified by the <code>user</code> config, which
+defaults to <code>nobody</code>.  Set the <code>unsafe-perm</code> flag to run scripts with
+root privileges.</p>
+<h3 id="environment">Environment</h3>
+<p>Package scripts run in an environment where many pieces of information
+are made available regarding the setup of npm and the current state of
+the process.</p>
+<h4 id="path">path</h4>
+<p>If you depend on modules that define executable scripts, like test
+suites, then those executables will be added to the <code>PATH</code> for
+executing the scripts.  So, if your package.json has this:</p>
+<pre lang="json"><code>{
+  "name" : "foo",
+  "dependencies" : {
+    "bar" : "0.1.x"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "start" : "bar ./test"
+  }
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>then you could run <code>npm start</code> to execute the <code>bar</code> script, which is
+exported into the <code>node_modules/.bin</code> directory on <code>npm install</code>.</p>
+<h4 id="packagejson-vars">package.json vars</h4>
+<p>The package.json fields are tacked onto the <code>npm_package_</code> prefix. So,
+for instance, if you had <code>{"name":"foo", "version":"1.2.5"}</code> in your
+package.json file, then your package scripts would have the
+<code>npm_package_name</code> environment variable set to “foo”, and the
+<code>npm_package_version</code> set to “1.2.5”.  You can access these variables
+in your code with <code>process.env.npm_package_name</code> and
+<code>process.env.npm_package_version</code>, and so on for other fields.</p>
+<h4 id="configuration">configuration</h4>
+<p>Configuration parameters are put in the environment with the
+<code>npm_config_</code> prefix. For instance, you can view the effective <code>root</code>
+config by checking the <code>npm_config_root</code> environment variable.</p>
+<h4 id="special-packagejson-config-object">Special: package.json “config” object</h4>
+<p>The package.json “config” keys are overwritten in the environment if
+there is a config param of <code>&lt;name&gt;[@&lt;version&gt;]:&lt;key&gt;</code>.  For example,
+if the package.json has this:</p>
+<pre lang="json"><code>{
+  "name" : "foo",
+  "config" : {
+    "port" : "8080"
+  },
+  "scripts" : {
+    "start" : "node server.js"
+  }
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>and the server.js is this:</p>
+<pre lang="javascript"><code>http.createServer(...).listen(process.env.npm_package_config_port)
+</code></pre>
+<p>then the user could change the behavior by doing:</p>
+<pre lang="bash"><code>  npm config set foo:port 80
+</code></pre>
+<h4 id="current-lifecycle-event">current lifecycle event</h4>
+<p>Lastly, the <code>npm_lifecycle_event</code> environment variable is set to
+whichever stage of the cycle is being executed. So, you could have a
+single script used for different parts of the process which switches
+based on what’s currently happening.</p>
+<p>Objects are flattened following this format, so if you had
+<code>{"scripts":{"install":"foo.js"}}</code> in your package.json, then you’d
+see this in the script:</p>
+<pre lang="bash"><code>process.env.npm_package_scripts_install === "foo.js"
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
+<p>For example, if your package.json contains this:</p>
+<pre lang="json"><code>{
+  "scripts" : {
+    "install" : "scripts/install.js",
+    "postinstall" : "scripts/install.js",
+    "uninstall" : "scripts/uninstall.js"
+  }
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>then <code>scripts/install.js</code> will be called for the install
+and post-install stages of the lifecycle, and <code>scripts/uninstall.js</code>
+will be called when the package is uninstalled.  Since
+<code>scripts/install.js</code> is running for two different phases, it would
+be wise in this case to look at the <code>npm_lifecycle_event</code> environment
+variable.</p>
+<p>If you want to run a make command, you can do so.  This works just
+fine:</p>
+<pre lang="json"><code>{
+  "scripts" : {
+    "preinstall" : "./configure",
+    "install" : "make &amp;&amp; make install",
+    "test" : "make test"
+  }
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h3 id="exiting">Exiting</h3>
+<p>Scripts are run by passing the line as a script argument to <code>sh</code>.</p>
+<p>If the script exits with a code other than 0, then this will abort the
+process.</p>
+<p>Note that these script files don’t have to be nodejs or even
+javascript programs. They just have to be some kind of executable
+file.</p>
+<h3 id="hook-scripts">Hook Scripts</h3>
+<p>If you want to run a specific script at a specific lifecycle event for
+ALL packages, then you can use a hook script.</p>
+<p>Place an executable file at <code>node_modules/.hooks/{eventname}</code>, and
+it’ll get run for all packages when they are going through that point
+in the package lifecycle for any packages installed in that root.</p>
+<p>Hook scripts are run exactly the same way as package.json scripts.
+That is, they are in a separate child process, with the env described
+above.</p>
+<h3 id="best-practices">Best Practices</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Don’t exit with a non-zero error code unless you <em>really</em> mean it.
+Except for uninstall scripts, this will cause the npm action to
+fail, and potentially be rolled back.  If the failure is minor or
+only will prevent some optional features, then it’s better to just
+print a warning and exit successfully.</li>
+<li>Try not to use scripts to do what npm can do for you.  Read through
+<a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html"><code>package.json</code></a> to see all the things that you can specify and enable
+by simply describing your package appropriately.  In general, this
+will lead to a more robust and consistent state.</li>
+<li>Inspect the env to determine where to put things.  For instance, if
+the <code>npm_config_binroot</code> environment variable is set to <code>/home/user/bin</code>, then
+don’t try to install executables into <code>/usr/local/bin</code>.  The user
+probably set it up that way for a reason.</li>
+<li>Don’t prefix your script commands with “sudo”.  If root permissions
+are required for some reason, then it’ll fail with that error, and
+the user will sudo the npm command in question.</li>
+<li>Don’t use <code>install</code>. Use a <code>.gyp</code> file for compilation, and <code>prepublish</code>
+for anything else. You should almost never have to explicitly set a
+preinstall or install script. If you are doing this, please consider if
+there is another option. The only valid use of <code>install</code> or <code>preinstall</code>
+scripts is for compilation which must be done on the target architecture.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="see-also">See Also</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="../commands/npm-run-script.html">npm run-script</a></li>
+<li><a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html">package.json</a></li>
+<li><a href="../using-npm/developers.html">npm developers</a></li>
+<li><a href="../commands/npm-install.html">npm install</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
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