step-node-agent 0.0.1

package/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/pylib/gyp/generator/msvs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3522 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import copy
+import ntpath
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+import gyp.common
+import gyp.easy_xml as easy_xml
+import gyp.generator.ninja as ninja_generator
+import gyp.MSVSNew as MSVSNew
+import gyp.MSVSProject as MSVSProject
+import gyp.MSVSSettings as MSVSSettings
+import gyp.MSVSToolFile as MSVSToolFile
+import gyp.MSVSUserFile as MSVSUserFile
+import gyp.MSVSUtil as MSVSUtil
+import gyp.MSVSVersion as MSVSVersion
+from gyp.common import GypError
+from gyp.common import OrderedSet
+
+PY3 = bytes != str
+
+
+# Regular expression for validating Visual Studio GUIDs.  If the GUID
+# contains lowercase hex letters, MSVS will be fine. However,
+# IncrediBuild BuildConsole will parse the solution file, but then
+# silently skip building the target causing hard to track down errors.
+# Note that this only happens with the BuildConsole, and does not occur
+# if IncrediBuild is executed from inside Visual Studio.  This regex
+# validates that the string looks like a GUID with all uppercase hex
+# letters.
+VALID_MSVS_GUID_CHARS = re.compile(r'^[A-F0-9\-]+$')
+
+
+generator_default_variables = {
+    'EXECUTABLE_PREFIX': '',
+    'EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX': '.exe',
+    'STATIC_LIB_PREFIX': '',
+    'SHARED_LIB_PREFIX': '',
+    'STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX': '.lib',
+    'SHARED_LIB_SUFFIX': '.dll',
+    'INTERMEDIATE_DIR': '$(IntDir)',
+    'SHARED_INTERMEDIATE_DIR': '$(OutDir)obj/global_intermediate',
+    'OS': 'win',
+    'PRODUCT_DIR': '$(OutDir)',
+    'LIB_DIR': '$(OutDir)lib',
+    'RULE_INPUT_ROOT': '$(InputName)',
+    'RULE_INPUT_DIRNAME': '$(InputDir)',
+    'RULE_INPUT_EXT': '$(InputExt)',
+    'RULE_INPUT_NAME': '$(InputFileName)',
+    'RULE_INPUT_PATH': '$(InputPath)',
+    'CONFIGURATION_NAME': '$(ConfigurationName)',
+}
+
+
+# The msvs specific sections that hold paths
+generator_additional_path_sections = [
+    'msvs_cygwin_dirs',
+    'msvs_props',
+]
+
+
+generator_additional_non_configuration_keys = [
+    'msvs_cygwin_dirs',
+    'msvs_cygwin_shell',
+    'msvs_large_pdb',
+    'msvs_shard',
+    'msvs_external_builder',
+    'msvs_external_builder_out_dir',
+    'msvs_external_builder_build_cmd',
+    'msvs_external_builder_clean_cmd',
+    'msvs_external_builder_clcompile_cmd',
+    'msvs_enable_winrt',
+    'msvs_requires_importlibrary',
+    'msvs_enable_winphone',
+    'msvs_enable_marmasm',
+    'msvs_application_type_revision',
+    'msvs_target_platform_version',
+    'msvs_target_platform_minversion',
+]
+
+
+# List of precompiled header related keys.
+precomp_keys = [
+    'msvs_precompiled_header',
+    'msvs_precompiled_source',
+]
+
+
+cached_username = None
+
+
+cached_domain = None
+
+
+# TODO(gspencer): Switch the os.environ calls to be
+# win32api.GetDomainName() and win32api.GetUserName() once the
+# python version in depot_tools has been updated to work on Vista
+# 64-bit.
+def _GetDomainAndUserName():
+  if sys.platform not in ('win32', 'cygwin'):
+    return ('DOMAIN', 'USERNAME')
+  global cached_username
+  global cached_domain
+  if not cached_domain or not cached_username:
+    domain = os.environ.get('USERDOMAIN')
+    username = os.environ.get('USERNAME')
+    if not domain or not username:
+      call = subprocess.Popen(['net', 'config', 'Workstation'],
+                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+      config = call.communicate()[0]
+      if PY3:
+        config = config.decode('utf-8')
+      username_re = re.compile(r'^User name\s+(\S+)', re.MULTILINE)
+      username_match = username_re.search(config)
+      if username_match:
+        username = username_match.group(1)
+      domain_re = re.compile(r'^Logon domain\s+(\S+)', re.MULTILINE)
+      domain_match = domain_re.search(config)
+      if domain_match:
+        domain = domain_match.group(1)
+    cached_domain = domain
+    cached_username = username
+  return (cached_domain, cached_username)
+
+fixpath_prefix = None
+
+
+def _NormalizedSource(source):
+  """Normalize the path.
+
+  But not if that gets rid of a variable, as this may expand to something
+  larger than one directory.
+
+  Arguments:
+      source: The path to be normalize.d
+
+  Returns:
+      The normalized path.
+  """
+  normalized = os.path.normpath(source)
+  if source.count('$') == normalized.count('$'):
+    source = normalized
+  return source
+
+
+def _FixPath(path):
+  """Convert paths to a form that will make sense in a vcproj file.
+
+  Arguments:
+    path: The path to convert, may contain / etc.
+  Returns:
+    The path with all slashes made into backslashes.
+  """
+  if fixpath_prefix and path and not os.path.isabs(path) and not path[0] == '$' and not _IsWindowsAbsPath(path):
+    path = os.path.join(fixpath_prefix, path)
+  path = path.replace('/', '\\')
+  path = _NormalizedSource(path)
+  if path and path[-1] == '\\':
+    path = path[:-1]
+  return path
+
+
+def _IsWindowsAbsPath(path):
+  r"""
+  On Cygwin systems Python needs a little help determining if a path is an absolute Windows path or not, so that
+  it does not treat those as relative, which results in bad paths like:
+
+  '..\C:\<some path>\some_source_code_file.cc'
+  """
+  return path.startswith('c:') or path.startswith('C:')
+
+
+def _FixPaths(paths):
+  """Fix each of the paths of the list."""
+  return [_FixPath(i) for i in paths]
+
+
+def _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy(sources, prefix=None, excluded=None,
+                                     list_excluded=True, msvs_version=None):
+  """Converts a list split source file paths into a vcproj folder hierarchy.
+
+  Arguments:
+    sources: A list of source file paths split.
+    prefix: A list of source file path layers meant to apply to each of sources.
+    excluded: A set of excluded files.
+    msvs_version: A MSVSVersion object.
+
+  Returns:
+    A hierarchy of filenames and MSVSProject.Filter objects that matches the
+    layout of the source tree.
+    For example:
+    _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy([['a', 'bob1.c'], ['b', 'bob2.c']],
+                                     prefix=['joe'])
+    -->
+    [MSVSProject.Filter('a', contents=['joe\\a\\bob1.c']),
+     MSVSProject.Filter('b', contents=['joe\\b\\bob2.c'])]
+  """
+  if not prefix: prefix = []
+  result = []
+  excluded_result = []
+  folders = OrderedDict()
+  # Gather files into the final result, excluded, or folders.
+  for s in sources:
+    if len(s) == 1:
+      filename = _NormalizedSource('\\'.join(prefix + s))
+      if filename in excluded:
+        excluded_result.append(filename)
+      else:
+        result.append(filename)
+    elif msvs_version and not msvs_version.UsesVcxproj():
+      # For MSVS 2008 and earlier, we need to process all files before walking
+      # the sub folders.
+      if not folders.get(s[0]):
+        folders[s[0]] = []
+      folders[s[0]].append(s[1:])
+    else:
+      contents = _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy([s[1:]], prefix + [s[0]],
+                                                  excluded=excluded,
+                                                  list_excluded=list_excluded,
+                                                  msvs_version=msvs_version)
+      contents = MSVSProject.Filter(s[0], contents=contents)
+      result.append(contents)
+  # Add a folder for excluded files.
+  if excluded_result and list_excluded:
+    excluded_folder = MSVSProject.Filter('_excluded_files',
+                                         contents=excluded_result)
+    result.append(excluded_folder)
+
+  if msvs_version and msvs_version.UsesVcxproj():
+    return result
+
+  # Populate all the folders.
+  for f in folders:
+    contents = _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy(folders[f], prefix=prefix + [f],
+                                                excluded=excluded,
+                                                list_excluded=list_excluded,
+                                                msvs_version=msvs_version)
+    contents = MSVSProject.Filter(f, contents=contents)
+    result.append(contents)
+  return result
+
+
+def _ToolAppend(tools, tool_name, setting, value, only_if_unset=False):
+  if not value: return
+  _ToolSetOrAppend(tools, tool_name, setting, value, only_if_unset)
+
+
+def _ToolSetOrAppend(tools, tool_name, setting, value, only_if_unset=False):
+  # TODO(bradnelson): ugly hack, fix this more generally!!!
+  if 'Directories' in setting or 'Dependencies' in setting:
+    if type(value) == str:
+      value = value.replace('/', '\\')
+    else:
+      value = [i.replace('/', '\\') for i in value]
+  if not tools.get(tool_name):
+    tools[tool_name] = dict()
+  tool = tools[tool_name]
+  if tool.get(setting):
+    if only_if_unset: return
+    if type(tool[setting]) == list and type(value) == list:
+      tool[setting] += value
+    else:
+      raise TypeError(
+          'Appending "%s" to a non-list setting "%s" for tool "%s" is '
+          'not allowed, previous value: %s' % (
+              value, setting, tool_name, str(tool[setting])))
+  else:
+    tool[setting] = value
+
+
+def _ConfigPlatform(config_data):
+  return config_data.get('msvs_configuration_platform', 'Win32')
+
+
+def _ConfigBaseName(config_name, platform_name):
+  if config_name.endswith('_' + platform_name):
+    return config_name[0:-len(platform_name) - 1]
+  else:
+    return config_name
+
+
+def _ConfigFullName(config_name, config_data):
+  platform_name = _ConfigPlatform(config_data)
+  return '%s|%s' % (_ConfigBaseName(config_name, platform_name), platform_name)
+
+
+def _ConfigWindowsTargetPlatformVersion(config_data):
+  ver = config_data.get('msvs_windows_target_platform_version')
+  if not ver or re.match(r'^\d+', ver):
+    return ver
+  for key in [r'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\%s',
+              r'HKLM\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\%s']:
+    sdkdir = MSVSVersion._RegistryGetValue(key % ver, 'InstallationFolder')
+    if not sdkdir:
+      continue
+    version = MSVSVersion._RegistryGetValue(key % ver, 'ProductVersion') or ''
+    # find a matching entry in sdkdir\include
+    names = sorted([x for x in os.listdir(r'%s\include' % sdkdir) \
+                    if x.startswith(version)], reverse = True)
+    return names[0]
+
+
+def _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(spec, cmd, cygwin_shell, has_input_path,
+                                quote_cmd, do_setup_env):
+
+  if [x for x in cmd if '$(InputDir)' in x]:
+    input_dir_preamble = (
+      'set INPUTDIR=$(InputDir)\n'
+      'if NOT DEFINED INPUTDIR set INPUTDIR=.\\\n'
+      'set INPUTDIR=%INPUTDIR:~0,-1%\n'
+      )
+  else:
+    input_dir_preamble = ''
+
+  if cygwin_shell:
+    # Find path to cygwin.
+    cygwin_dir = _FixPath(spec.get('msvs_cygwin_dirs', ['.'])[0])
+    # Prepare command.
+    direct_cmd = cmd
+    direct_cmd = [i.replace('$(IntDir)',
+                            '`cygpath -m "${INTDIR}"`') for i in direct_cmd]
+    direct_cmd = [i.replace('$(OutDir)',
+                            '`cygpath -m "${OUTDIR}"`') for i in direct_cmd]
+    direct_cmd = [i.replace('$(InputDir)',
+                            '`cygpath -m "${INPUTDIR}"`') for i in direct_cmd]
+    if has_input_path:
+      direct_cmd = [i.replace('$(InputPath)',
+                              '`cygpath -m "${INPUTPATH}"`')
+                    for i in direct_cmd]
+    direct_cmd = ['\\"%s\\"' % i.replace('"', '\\\\\\"') for i in direct_cmd]
+    # direct_cmd = gyp.common.EncodePOSIXShellList(direct_cmd)
+    direct_cmd = ' '.join(direct_cmd)
+    # TODO(quote):  regularize quoting path names throughout the module
+    cmd = ''
+    if do_setup_env:
+      cmd += 'call "$(ProjectDir)%(cygwin_dir)s\\setup_env.bat" && '
+    cmd += 'set CYGWIN=nontsec&& '
+    if direct_cmd.find('NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS') >= 0:
+      cmd += 'set /a NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS_PLUS_1=%%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%%+1&& '
+    if direct_cmd.find('INTDIR') >= 0:
+      cmd += 'set INTDIR=$(IntDir)&& '
+    if direct_cmd.find('OUTDIR') >= 0:
+      cmd += 'set OUTDIR=$(OutDir)&& '
+    if has_input_path and direct_cmd.find('INPUTPATH') >= 0:
+      cmd += 'set INPUTPATH=$(InputPath) && '
+    cmd += 'bash -c "%(cmd)s"'
+    cmd = cmd % {'cygwin_dir': cygwin_dir,
+                 'cmd': direct_cmd}
+    return input_dir_preamble + cmd
+  else:
+    # Convert cat --> type to mimic unix.
+    if cmd[0] == 'cat':
+      command = ['type']
+    else:
+      command = [cmd[0].replace('/', '\\')]
+    # Add call before command to ensure that commands can be tied together one
+    # after the other without aborting in Incredibuild, since IB makes a bat
+    # file out of the raw command string, and some commands (like python) are
+    # actually batch files themselves.
+    command.insert(0, 'call')
+    # Fix the paths
+    # TODO(quote): This is a really ugly heuristic, and will miss path fixing
+    #              for arguments like "--arg=path" or "/opt:path".
+    # If the argument starts with a slash or dash, it's probably a command line
+    # switch
+    arguments = [i if (i[:1] in "/-") else _FixPath(i) for i in cmd[1:]]
+    arguments = [i.replace('$(InputDir)', '%INPUTDIR%') for i in arguments]
+    arguments = [MSVSSettings.FixVCMacroSlashes(i) for i in arguments]
+    if quote_cmd:
+      # Support a mode for using cmd directly.
+      # Convert any paths to native form (first element is used directly).
+      # TODO(quote):  regularize quoting path names throughout the module
+      arguments = ['"%s"' % i for i in arguments]
+    # Collapse into a single command.
+    return input_dir_preamble + ' '.join(command + arguments)
+
+
+def _BuildCommandLineForRule(spec, rule, has_input_path, do_setup_env):
+  # Currently this weird argument munging is used to duplicate the way a
+  # python script would need to be run as part of the chrome tree.
+  # Eventually we should add some sort of rule_default option to set this
+  # per project. For now the behavior chrome needs is the default.
+  mcs = rule.get('msvs_cygwin_shell')
+  if mcs is None:
+    mcs = int(spec.get('msvs_cygwin_shell', 1))
+  elif isinstance(mcs, str):
+    mcs = int(mcs)
+  quote_cmd = int(rule.get('msvs_quote_cmd', 1))
+  return _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(spec, rule['action'], mcs, has_input_path,
+                                     quote_cmd, do_setup_env=do_setup_env)
+
+
+def _AddActionStep(actions_dict, inputs, outputs, description, command):
+  """Merge action into an existing list of actions.
+
+  Care must be taken so that actions which have overlapping inputs either don't
+  get assigned to the same input, or get collapsed into one.
+
+  Arguments:
+    actions_dict: dictionary keyed on input name, which maps to a list of
+      dicts describing the actions attached to that input file.
+    inputs: list of inputs
+    outputs: list of outputs
+    description: description of the action
+    command: command line to execute
+  """
+  # Require there to be at least one input (call sites will ensure this).
+  assert inputs
+
+  action = {
+      'inputs': inputs,
+      'outputs': outputs,
+      'description': description,
+      'command': command,
+  }
+
+  # Pick where to stick this action.
+  # While less than optimal in terms of build time, attach them to the first
+  # input for now.
+  chosen_input = inputs[0]
+
+  # Add it there.
+  if chosen_input not in actions_dict:
+    actions_dict[chosen_input] = []
+  actions_dict[chosen_input].append(action)
+
+
+def _AddCustomBuildToolForMSVS(p, spec, primary_input,
+                               inputs, outputs, description, cmd):
+  """Add a custom build tool to execute something.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: the target project
+    spec: the target project dict
+    primary_input: input file to attach the build tool to
+    inputs: list of inputs
+    outputs: list of outputs
+    description: description of the action
+    cmd: command line to execute
+  """
+  inputs = _FixPaths(inputs)
+  outputs = _FixPaths(outputs)
+  tool = MSVSProject.Tool(
+      'VCCustomBuildTool',
+      {'Description': description,
+       'AdditionalDependencies': ';'.join(inputs),
+       'Outputs': ';'.join(outputs),
+       'CommandLine': cmd,
+      })
+  # Add to the properties of primary input for each config.
+  for config_name, c_data in spec['configurations'].items():
+    p.AddFileConfig(_FixPath(primary_input),
+                    _ConfigFullName(config_name, c_data), tools=[tool])
+
+
+def _AddAccumulatedActionsToMSVS(p, spec, actions_dict):
+  """Add actions accumulated into an actions_dict, merging as needed.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: the target project
+    spec: the target project dict
+    actions_dict: dictionary keyed on input name, which maps to a list of
+        dicts describing the actions attached to that input file.
+  """
+  for primary_input in actions_dict:
+    inputs = OrderedSet()
+    outputs = OrderedSet()
+    descriptions = []
+    commands = []
+    for action in actions_dict[primary_input]:
+      inputs.update(OrderedSet(action['inputs']))
+      outputs.update(OrderedSet(action['outputs']))
+      descriptions.append(action['description'])
+      commands.append(action['command'])
+    # Add the custom build step for one input file.
+    description = ', and also '.join(descriptions)
+    command = '\r\n'.join(commands)
+    _AddCustomBuildToolForMSVS(p, spec,
+                               primary_input=primary_input,
+                               inputs=inputs,
+                               outputs=outputs,
+                               description=description,
+                               cmd=command)
+
+
+def _RuleExpandPath(path, input_file):
+  """Given the input file to which a rule applied, string substitute a path.
+
+  Arguments:
+    path: a path to string expand
+    input_file: the file to which the rule applied.
+  Returns:
+    The string substituted path.
+  """
+  path = path.replace('$(InputName)',
+                      os.path.splitext(os.path.split(input_file)[1])[0])
+  path = path.replace('$(InputDir)', os.path.dirname(input_file))
+  path = path.replace('$(InputExt)',
+                      os.path.splitext(os.path.split(input_file)[1])[1])
+  path = path.replace('$(InputFileName)', os.path.split(input_file)[1])
+  path = path.replace('$(InputPath)', input_file)
+  return path
+
+
+def _FindRuleTriggerFiles(rule, sources):
+  """Find the list of files which a particular rule applies to.
+
+  Arguments:
+    rule: the rule in question
+    sources: the set of all known source files for this project
+  Returns:
+    The list of sources that trigger a particular rule.
+  """
+  return rule.get('rule_sources', [])
+
+
+def _RuleInputsAndOutputs(rule, trigger_file):
+  """Find the inputs and outputs generated by a rule.
+
+  Arguments:
+    rule: the rule in question.
+    trigger_file: the main trigger for this rule.
+  Returns:
+    The pair of (inputs, outputs) involved in this rule.
+  """
+  raw_inputs = _FixPaths(rule.get('inputs', []))
+  raw_outputs = _FixPaths(rule.get('outputs', []))
+  inputs = OrderedSet()
+  outputs = OrderedSet()
+  inputs.add(trigger_file)
+  for i in raw_inputs:
+    inputs.add(_RuleExpandPath(i, trigger_file))
+  for o in raw_outputs:
+    outputs.add(_RuleExpandPath(o, trigger_file))
+  return (inputs, outputs)
+
+
+def _GenerateNativeRulesForMSVS(p, rules, output_dir, spec, options):
+  """Generate a native rules file.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: the target project
+    rules: the set of rules to include
+    output_dir: the directory in which the project/gyp resides
+    spec: the project dict
+    options: global generator options
+  """
+  rules_filename = '%s%s.rules' % (spec['target_name'],
+                                   options.suffix)
+  rules_file = MSVSToolFile.Writer(os.path.join(output_dir, rules_filename),
+                                   spec['target_name'])
+  # Add each rule.
+  for r in rules:
+    rule_name = r['rule_name']
+    rule_ext = r['extension']
+    inputs = _FixPaths(r.get('inputs', []))
+    outputs = _FixPaths(r.get('outputs', []))
+    # Skip a rule with no action and no inputs.
+    if 'action' not in r and not r.get('rule_sources', []):
+      continue
+    cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRule(spec, r, has_input_path=True,
+                                   do_setup_env=True)
+    rules_file.AddCustomBuildRule(name=rule_name,
+                                  description=r.get('message', rule_name),
+                                  extensions=[rule_ext],
+                                  additional_dependencies=inputs,
+                                  outputs=outputs,
+                                  cmd=cmd)
+  # Write out rules file.
+  rules_file.WriteIfChanged()
+
+  # Add rules file to project.
+  p.AddToolFile(rules_filename)
+
+
+def _Cygwinify(path):
+  path = path.replace('$(OutDir)', '$(OutDirCygwin)')
+  path = path.replace('$(IntDir)', '$(IntDirCygwin)')
+  return path
+
+
+def _GenerateExternalRules(rules, output_dir, spec,
+                           sources, options, actions_to_add):
+  """Generate an external makefile to do a set of rules.
+
+  Arguments:
+    rules: the list of rules to include
+    output_dir: path containing project and gyp files
+    spec: project specification data
+    sources: set of sources known
+    options: global generator options
+    actions_to_add: The list of actions we will add to.
+  """
+  filename = '%s_rules%s.mk' % (spec['target_name'], options.suffix)
+  mk_file = gyp.common.WriteOnDiff(os.path.join(output_dir, filename))
+  # Find cygwin style versions of some paths.
+  mk_file.write('OutDirCygwin:=$(shell cygpath -u "$(OutDir)")\n')
+  mk_file.write('IntDirCygwin:=$(shell cygpath -u "$(IntDir)")\n')
+  # Gather stuff needed to emit all: target.
+  all_inputs = OrderedSet()
+  all_outputs = OrderedSet()
+  all_output_dirs = OrderedSet()
+  first_outputs = []
+  for rule in rules:
+    trigger_files = _FindRuleTriggerFiles(rule, sources)
+    for tf in trigger_files:
+      inputs, outputs = _RuleInputsAndOutputs(rule, tf)
+      all_inputs.update(OrderedSet(inputs))
+      all_outputs.update(OrderedSet(outputs))
+      # Only use one target from each rule as the dependency for
+      # 'all' so we don't try to build each rule multiple times.
+      first_outputs.append(list(outputs)[0])
+      # Get the unique output directories for this rule.
+      output_dirs = [os.path.split(i)[0] for i in outputs]
+      for od in output_dirs:
+        all_output_dirs.add(od)
+  first_outputs_cyg = [_Cygwinify(i) for i in first_outputs]
+  # Write out all: target, including mkdir for each output directory.
+  mk_file.write('all: %s\n' % ' '.join(first_outputs_cyg))
+  for od in all_output_dirs:
+    if od:
+      mk_file.write('\tmkdir -p `cygpath -u "%s"`\n' % od)
+  mk_file.write('\n')
+  # Define how each output is generated.
+  for rule in rules:
+    trigger_files = _FindRuleTriggerFiles(rule, sources)
+    for tf in trigger_files:
+      # Get all the inputs and outputs for this rule for this trigger file.
+      inputs, outputs = _RuleInputsAndOutputs(rule, tf)
+      inputs = [_Cygwinify(i) for i in inputs]
+      outputs = [_Cygwinify(i) for i in outputs]
+      # Prepare the command line for this rule.
+      cmd = [_RuleExpandPath(c, tf) for c in rule['action']]
+      cmd = ['"%s"' % i for i in cmd]
+      cmd = ' '.join(cmd)
+      # Add it to the makefile.
+      mk_file.write('%s: %s\n' % (' '.join(outputs), ' '.join(inputs)))
+      mk_file.write('\t%s\n\n' % cmd)
+  # Close up the file.
+  mk_file.close()
+
+  # Add makefile to list of sources.
+  sources.add(filename)
+  # Add a build action to call makefile.
+  cmd = ['make',
+         'OutDir=$(OutDir)',
+         'IntDir=$(IntDir)',
+         '-j', '${NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS_PLUS_1}',
+         '-f', filename]
+  cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(spec, cmd, True, False, True, True)
+  # Insert makefile as 0'th input, so it gets the action attached there,
+  # as this is easier to understand from in the IDE.
+  all_inputs = list(all_inputs)
+  all_inputs.insert(0, filename)
+  _AddActionStep(actions_to_add,
+                 inputs=_FixPaths(all_inputs),
+                 outputs=_FixPaths(all_outputs),
+                 description='Running external rules for %s' %
+                     spec['target_name'],
+                 command=cmd)
+
+
+def _EscapeEnvironmentVariableExpansion(s):
+  """Escapes % characters.
+
+  Escapes any % characters so that Windows-style environment variable
+  expansions will leave them alone.
+  See http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/106127/cl-d-name-text-containing-percentage-characters-doesnt-compile
+  to understand why we have to do this.
+
+  Args:
+      s: The string to be escaped.
+
+  Returns:
+      The escaped string.
+  """
+  s = s.replace('%', '%%')
+  return s
+
+
+quote_replacer_regex = re.compile(r'(\\*)"')
+
+
+def _EscapeCommandLineArgumentForMSVS(s):
+  """Escapes a Windows command-line argument.
+
+  So that the Win32 CommandLineToArgv function will turn the escaped result back
+  into the original string.
+  See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft.aspx
+  ("Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments") to understand why we have to do
+  this.
+
+  Args:
+      s: the string to be escaped.
+  Returns:
+      the escaped string.
+  """
+
+  def _Replace(match):
+    # For a literal quote, CommandLineToArgv requires an odd number of
+    # backslashes preceding it, and it produces half as many literal backslashes
+    # (rounded down). So we need to produce 2n+1 backslashes.
+    return 2 * match.group(1) + '\\"'
+
+  # Escape all quotes so that they are interpreted literally.
+  s = quote_replacer_regex.sub(_Replace, s)
+  # Now add unescaped quotes so that any whitespace is interpreted literally.
+  s = '"' + s + '"'
+  return s
+
+
+delimiters_replacer_regex = re.compile(r'(\\*)([,;]+)')
+
+
+def _EscapeVCProjCommandLineArgListItem(s):
+  """Escapes command line arguments for MSVS.
+
+  The VCProj format stores string lists in a single string using commas and
+  semi-colons as separators, which must be quoted if they are to be
+  interpreted literally. However, command-line arguments may already have
+  quotes, and the VCProj parser is ignorant of the backslash escaping
+  convention used by CommandLineToArgv, so the command-line quotes and the
+  VCProj quotes may not be the same quotes. So to store a general
+  command-line argument in a VCProj list, we need to parse the existing
+  quoting according to VCProj's convention and quote any delimiters that are
+  not already quoted by that convention. The quotes that we add will also be
+  seen by CommandLineToArgv, so if backslashes precede them then we also have
+  to escape those backslashes according to the CommandLineToArgv
+  convention.
+
+  Args:
+      s: the string to be escaped.
+  Returns:
+      the escaped string.
+  """
+
+  def _Replace(match):
+    # For a non-literal quote, CommandLineToArgv requires an even number of
+    # backslashes preceding it, and it produces half as many literal
+    # backslashes. So we need to produce 2n backslashes.
+    return 2 * match.group(1) + '"' + match.group(2) + '"'
+
+  segments = s.split('"')
+  # The unquoted segments are at the even-numbered indices.
+  for i in range(0, len(segments), 2):
+    segments[i] = delimiters_replacer_regex.sub(_Replace, segments[i])
+  # Concatenate back into a single string
+  s = '"'.join(segments)
+  if len(segments) % 2 == 0:
+    # String ends while still quoted according to VCProj's convention. This
+    # means the delimiter and the next list item that follow this one in the
+    # .vcproj file will be misinterpreted as part of this item. There is nothing
+    # we can do about this. Adding an extra quote would correct the problem in
+    # the VCProj but cause the same problem on the final command-line. Moving
+    # the item to the end of the list does works, but that's only possible if
+    # there's only one such item. Let's just warn the user.
+    print('Warning: MSVS may misinterpret the odd number of ' +
+                          'quotes in ' + s, file=sys.stderr)
+  return s
+
+
+def _EscapeCppDefineForMSVS(s):
+  """Escapes a CPP define so that it will reach the compiler unaltered."""
+  s = _EscapeEnvironmentVariableExpansion(s)
+  s = _EscapeCommandLineArgumentForMSVS(s)
+  s = _EscapeVCProjCommandLineArgListItem(s)
+  # cl.exe replaces literal # characters with = in preprocesor definitions for
+  # some reason. Octal-encode to work around that.
+  s = s.replace('#', '\\%03o' % ord('#'))
+  return s
+
+
+quote_replacer_regex2 = re.compile(r'(\\+)"')
+
+
+def _EscapeCommandLineArgumentForMSBuild(s):
+  """Escapes a Windows command-line argument for use by MSBuild."""
+
+  def _Replace(match):
+    return (len(match.group(1)) / 2 * 4) * '\\' + '\\"'
+
+  # Escape all quotes so that they are interpreted literally.
+  s = quote_replacer_regex2.sub(_Replace, s)
+  return s
+
+
+def _EscapeMSBuildSpecialCharacters(s):
+  escape_dictionary = {
+      '%': '%25',
+      '$': '%24',
+      '@': '%40',
+      "'": '%27',
+      ';': '%3B',
+      '?': '%3F',
+      '*': '%2A'
+      }
+  result = ''.join([escape_dictionary.get(c, c) for c in s])
+  return result
+
+
+def _EscapeCppDefineForMSBuild(s):
+  """Escapes a CPP define so that it will reach the compiler unaltered."""
+  s = _EscapeEnvironmentVariableExpansion(s)
+  s = _EscapeCommandLineArgumentForMSBuild(s)
+  s = _EscapeMSBuildSpecialCharacters(s)
+  # cl.exe replaces literal # characters with = in preprocesor definitions for
+  # some reason. Octal-encode to work around that.
+  s = s.replace('#', '\\%03o' % ord('#'))
+  return s
+
+
+def _GenerateRulesForMSVS(p, output_dir, options, spec,
+                          sources, excluded_sources,
+                          actions_to_add):
+  """Generate all the rules for a particular project.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: the project
+    output_dir: directory to emit rules to
+    options: global options passed to the generator
+    spec: the specification for this project
+    sources: the set of all known source files in this project
+    excluded_sources: the set of sources excluded from normal processing
+    actions_to_add: deferred list of actions to add in
+  """
+  rules = spec.get('rules', [])
+  rules_native = [r for r in rules if not int(r.get('msvs_external_rule', 0))]
+  rules_external = [r for r in rules if int(r.get('msvs_external_rule', 0))]
+
+  # Handle rules that use a native rules file.
+  if rules_native:
+    _GenerateNativeRulesForMSVS(p, rules_native, output_dir, spec, options)
+
+  # Handle external rules (non-native rules).
+  if rules_external:
+    _GenerateExternalRules(rules_external, output_dir, spec,
+                           sources, options, actions_to_add)
+  _AdjustSourcesForRules(rules, sources, excluded_sources, False)
+
+
+def _AdjustSourcesForRules(rules, sources, excluded_sources, is_msbuild):
+  # Add outputs generated by each rule (if applicable).
+  for rule in rules:
+    # Add in the outputs from this rule.
+    trigger_files = _FindRuleTriggerFiles(rule, sources)
+    for trigger_file in trigger_files:
+      # Remove trigger_file from excluded_sources to let the rule be triggered
+      # (e.g. rule trigger ax_enums.idl is added to excluded_sources
+      # because it's also in an action's inputs in the same project)
+      excluded_sources.discard(_FixPath(trigger_file))
+      # Done if not processing outputs as sources.
+      if int(rule.get('process_outputs_as_sources', False)):
+        inputs, outputs = _RuleInputsAndOutputs(rule, trigger_file)
+        inputs = OrderedSet(_FixPaths(inputs))
+        outputs = OrderedSet(_FixPaths(outputs))
+        inputs.remove(_FixPath(trigger_file))
+        sources.update(inputs)
+        if not is_msbuild:
+          excluded_sources.update(inputs)
+        sources.update(outputs)
+
+
+def _FilterActionsFromExcluded(excluded_sources, actions_to_add):
+  """Take inputs with actions attached out of the list of exclusions.
+
+  Arguments:
+    excluded_sources: list of source files not to be built.
+    actions_to_add: dict of actions keyed on source file they're attached to.
+  Returns:
+    excluded_sources with files that have actions attached removed.
+  """
+  must_keep = OrderedSet(_FixPaths(actions_to_add.keys()))
+  return [s for s in excluded_sources if s not in must_keep]
+
+
+def _GetDefaultConfiguration(spec):
+  return spec['configurations'][spec['default_configuration']]
+
+
+def _GetGuidOfProject(proj_path, spec):
+  """Get the guid for the project.
+
+  Arguments:
+    proj_path: Path of the vcproj or vcxproj file to generate.
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    the guid.
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: if the specified GUID is invalid.
+  """
+  # Pluck out the default configuration.
+  default_config = _GetDefaultConfiguration(spec)
+  # Decide the guid of the project.
+  guid = default_config.get('msvs_guid')
+  if guid:
+    if VALID_MSVS_GUID_CHARS.match(guid) is None:
+      raise ValueError('Invalid MSVS guid: "%s".  Must match regex: "%s".' %
+                       (guid, VALID_MSVS_GUID_CHARS.pattern))
+    guid = '{%s}' % guid
+  guid = guid or MSVSNew.MakeGuid(proj_path)
+  return guid
+
+
+def _GetMsbuildToolsetOfProject(proj_path, spec, version):
+  """Get the platform toolset for the project.
+
+  Arguments:
+    proj_path: Path of the vcproj or vcxproj file to generate.
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+    version: The MSVSVersion object.
+  Returns:
+    the platform toolset string or None.
+  """
+  # Pluck out the default configuration.
+  default_config = _GetDefaultConfiguration(spec)
+  toolset = default_config.get('msbuild_toolset')
+  if not toolset and version.DefaultToolset():
+    toolset = version.DefaultToolset()
+  return toolset
+
+
+def _GenerateProject(project, options, version, generator_flags):
+  """Generates a vcproj file.
+
+  Arguments:
+    project: the MSVSProject object.
+    options: global generator options.
+    version: the MSVSVersion object.
+    generator_flags: dict of generator-specific flags.
+  Returns:
+    A list of source files that cannot be found on disk.
+  """
+  default_config = _GetDefaultConfiguration(project.spec)
+
+  # Skip emitting anything if told to with msvs_existing_vcproj option.
+  if default_config.get('msvs_existing_vcproj'):
+    return []
+
+  if version.UsesVcxproj():
+    return _GenerateMSBuildProject(project, options, version, generator_flags)
+  else:
+    return _GenerateMSVSProject(project, options, version, generator_flags)
+
+
+# TODO: Avoid code duplication with _ValidateSourcesForOSX in make.py.
+def _ValidateSourcesForMSVSProject(spec, version):
+  """Makes sure if duplicate basenames are not specified in the source list.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+    version: The VisualStudioVersion object.
+  """
+  # This validation should not be applied to MSVC2010 and later.
+  assert not version.UsesVcxproj()
+
+  # TODO: Check if MSVC allows this for loadable_module targets.
+  if spec.get('type', None) not in ('static_library', 'shared_library'):
+    return
+  sources = spec.get('sources', [])
+  basenames = {}
+  for source in sources:
+    name, ext = os.path.splitext(source)
+    is_compiled_file = ext in [
+        '.c', '.cc', '.cpp', '.cxx', '.m', '.mm', '.s', '.S']
+    if not is_compiled_file:
+      continue
+    basename = os.path.basename(name)  # Don't include extension.
+    basenames.setdefault(basename, []).append(source)
+
+  error = ''
+  for basename, files in basenames.items():
+    if len(files) > 1:
+      error += '  %s: %s\n' % (basename, ' '.join(files))
+
+  if error:
+    print('static library %s has several files with the same basename:\n' % spec['target_name']
+          + error + 'MSVC08 cannot handle that.')
+    raise GypError('Duplicate basenames in sources section, see list above')
+
+
+def _GenerateMSVSProject(project, options, version, generator_flags):
+  """Generates a .vcproj file.  It may create .rules and .user files too.
+
+  Arguments:
+    project: The project object we will generate the file for.
+    options: Global options passed to the generator.
+    version: The VisualStudioVersion object.
+    generator_flags: dict of generator-specific flags.
+  """
+  spec = project.spec
+  gyp.common.EnsureDirExists(project.path)
+
+  platforms = _GetUniquePlatforms(spec)
+  p = MSVSProject.Writer(project.path, version, spec['target_name'],
+                         project.guid, platforms)
+
+  # Get directory project file is in.
+  project_dir = os.path.split(project.path)[0]
+  gyp_path = _NormalizedSource(project.build_file)
+  relative_path_of_gyp_file = gyp.common.RelativePath(gyp_path, project_dir)
+
+  config_type = _GetMSVSConfigurationType(spec, project.build_file)
+  for config_name, config in spec['configurations'].items():
+    _AddConfigurationToMSVSProject(p, spec, config_type, config_name, config)
+
+  # MSVC08 and prior version cannot handle duplicate basenames in the same
+  # target.
+  # TODO: Take excluded sources into consideration if possible.
+  _ValidateSourcesForMSVSProject(spec, version)
+
+  # Prepare list of sources and excluded sources.
+  gyp_file = os.path.split(project.build_file)[1]
+  sources, excluded_sources = _PrepareListOfSources(spec, generator_flags,
+                                                    gyp_file)
+
+  # Add rules.
+  actions_to_add = {}
+  _GenerateRulesForMSVS(p, project_dir, options, spec,
+                        sources, excluded_sources,
+                        actions_to_add)
+  list_excluded = generator_flags.get('msvs_list_excluded_files', True)
+  sources, excluded_sources, excluded_idl = (
+      _AdjustSourcesAndConvertToFilterHierarchy(spec, options, project_dir,
+                                                sources, excluded_sources,
+                                                list_excluded, version))
+
+  # Add in files.
+  missing_sources = _VerifySourcesExist(sources, project_dir)
+  p.AddFiles(sources)
+
+  _AddToolFilesToMSVS(p, spec)
+  _HandlePreCompiledHeaders(p, sources, spec)
+  _AddActions(actions_to_add, spec, relative_path_of_gyp_file)
+  _AddCopies(actions_to_add, spec)
+  _WriteMSVSUserFile(project.path, version, spec)
+
+  # NOTE: this stanza must appear after all actions have been decided.
+  # Don't excluded sources with actions attached, or they won't run.
+  excluded_sources = _FilterActionsFromExcluded(
+      excluded_sources, actions_to_add)
+  _ExcludeFilesFromBeingBuilt(p, spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl,
+                              list_excluded)
+  _AddAccumulatedActionsToMSVS(p, spec, actions_to_add)
+
+  # Write it out.
+  p.WriteIfChanged()
+
+  return missing_sources
+
+
+def _GetUniquePlatforms(spec):
+  """Returns the list of unique platforms for this spec, e.g ['win32', ...].
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    The MSVSUserFile object created.
+  """
+  # Gather list of unique platforms.
+  platforms = OrderedSet()
+  for configuration in spec['configurations']:
+    platforms.add(_ConfigPlatform(spec['configurations'][configuration]))
+  platforms = list(platforms)
+  return platforms
+
+
+def _CreateMSVSUserFile(proj_path, version, spec):
+  """Generates a .user file for the user running this Gyp program.
+
+  Arguments:
+    proj_path: The path of the project file being created.  The .user file
+               shares the same path (with an appropriate suffix).
+    version: The VisualStudioVersion object.
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    The MSVSUserFile object created.
+  """
+  (domain, username) = _GetDomainAndUserName()
+  vcuser_filename = '.'.join([proj_path, domain, username, 'user'])
+  user_file = MSVSUserFile.Writer(vcuser_filename, version,
+                                  spec['target_name'])
+  return user_file
+
+
+def _GetMSVSConfigurationType(spec, build_file):
+  """Returns the configuration type for this project.
+
+  It's a number defined by Microsoft.  May raise an exception.
+
+  Args:
+      spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+      build_file: The path of the gyp file.
+  Returns:
+      An integer, the configuration type.
+  """
+  try:
+    config_type = {
+        'executable': '1',  # .exe
+        'shared_library': '2',  # .dll
+        'loadable_module': '2',  # .dll
+        'static_library': '4',  # .lib
+        'none': '10',  # Utility type
+        }[spec['type']]
+  except KeyError:
+    if spec.get('type'):
+      raise GypError('Target type %s is not a valid target type for '
+                     'target %s in %s.' %
+                     (spec['type'], spec['target_name'], build_file))
+    else:
+      raise GypError('Missing type field for target %s in %s.' %
+                     (spec['target_name'], build_file))
+  return config_type
+
+
+def _AddConfigurationToMSVSProject(p, spec, config_type, config_name, config):
+  """Adds a configuration to the MSVS project.
+
+  Many settings in a vcproj file are specific to a configuration.  This
+  function the main part of the vcproj file that's configuration specific.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: The target project being generated.
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+    config_type: The configuration type, a number as defined by Microsoft.
+    config_name: The name of the configuration.
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+  """
+  # Get the information for this configuration
+  include_dirs, midl_include_dirs, resource_include_dirs = \
+      _GetIncludeDirs(config)
+  libraries = _GetLibraries(spec)
+  library_dirs = _GetLibraryDirs(config)
+  out_file, vc_tool, _ = _GetOutputFilePathAndTool(spec, msbuild=False)
+  defines = _GetDefines(config)
+  defines = [_EscapeCppDefineForMSVS(d) for d in defines]
+  disabled_warnings = _GetDisabledWarnings(config)
+  prebuild = config.get('msvs_prebuild')
+  postbuild = config.get('msvs_postbuild')
+  def_file = _GetModuleDefinition(spec)
+  precompiled_header = config.get('msvs_precompiled_header')
+
+  # Prepare the list of tools as a dictionary.
+  tools = dict()
+  # Add in user specified msvs_settings.
+  msvs_settings = config.get('msvs_settings', {})
+  MSVSSettings.ValidateMSVSSettings(msvs_settings)
+
+  # Prevent default library inheritance from the environment.
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCLinkerTool', 'AdditionalDependencies', ['$(NOINHERIT)'])
+
+  for tool in msvs_settings:
+    settings = config['msvs_settings'][tool]
+    for setting in settings:
+      _ToolAppend(tools, tool, setting, settings[setting])
+  # Add the information to the appropriate tool
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCCLCompilerTool',
+              'AdditionalIncludeDirectories', include_dirs)
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCMIDLTool',
+              'AdditionalIncludeDirectories', midl_include_dirs)
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCResourceCompilerTool',
+              'AdditionalIncludeDirectories', resource_include_dirs)
+  # Add in libraries.
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCLinkerTool', 'AdditionalDependencies', libraries)
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCLinkerTool', 'AdditionalLibraryDirectories',
+              library_dirs)
+  if out_file:
+    _ToolAppend(tools, vc_tool, 'OutputFile', out_file, only_if_unset=True)
+  # Add defines.
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCCLCompilerTool', 'PreprocessorDefinitions', defines)
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCResourceCompilerTool', 'PreprocessorDefinitions',
+              defines)
+  # Change program database directory to prevent collisions.
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCCLCompilerTool', 'ProgramDataBaseFileName',
+              '$(IntDir)$(ProjectName)\\vc80.pdb', only_if_unset=True)
+  # Add disabled warnings.
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCCLCompilerTool',
+              'DisableSpecificWarnings', disabled_warnings)
+  # Add Pre-build.
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCPreBuildEventTool', 'CommandLine', prebuild)
+  # Add Post-build.
+  _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCPostBuildEventTool', 'CommandLine', postbuild)
+  # Turn on precompiled headers if appropriate.
+  if precompiled_header:
+    precompiled_header = os.path.split(precompiled_header)[1]
+    _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCCLCompilerTool', 'UsePrecompiledHeader', '2')
+    _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCCLCompilerTool',
+                'PrecompiledHeaderThrough', precompiled_header)
+    _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCCLCompilerTool',
+                'ForcedIncludeFiles', precompiled_header)
+  # Loadable modules don't generate import libraries;
+  # tell dependent projects to not expect one.
+  if spec['type'] == 'loadable_module':
+    _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCLinkerTool', 'IgnoreImportLibrary', 'true')
+  # Set the module definition file if any.
+  if def_file:
+    _ToolAppend(tools, 'VCLinkerTool', 'ModuleDefinitionFile', def_file)
+
+  _AddConfigurationToMSVS(p, spec, tools, config, config_type, config_name)
+
+
+def _GetIncludeDirs(config):
+  """Returns the list of directories to be used for #include directives.
+
+  Arguments:
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+  Returns:
+    The list of directory paths.
+  """
+  # TODO(bradnelson): include_dirs should really be flexible enough not to
+  #                   require this sort of thing.
+  include_dirs = (
+      config.get('include_dirs', []) +
+      config.get('msvs_system_include_dirs', []))
+  midl_include_dirs = (
+      config.get('midl_include_dirs', []) +
+      config.get('msvs_system_include_dirs', []))
+  resource_include_dirs = config.get('resource_include_dirs', include_dirs)
+  include_dirs = _FixPaths(include_dirs)
+  midl_include_dirs = _FixPaths(midl_include_dirs)
+  resource_include_dirs = _FixPaths(resource_include_dirs)
+  return include_dirs, midl_include_dirs, resource_include_dirs
+
+
+def _GetLibraryDirs(config):
+  """Returns the list of directories to be used for library search paths.
+
+  Arguments:
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+  Returns:
+    The list of directory paths.
+  """
+
+  library_dirs = config.get('library_dirs', [])
+  library_dirs = _FixPaths(library_dirs)
+  return library_dirs
+
+
+def _GetLibraries(spec):
+  """Returns the list of libraries for this configuration.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    The list of directory paths.
+  """
+  libraries = spec.get('libraries', [])
+  # Strip out -l, as it is not used on windows (but is needed so we can pass
+  # in libraries that are assumed to be in the default library path).
+  # Also remove duplicate entries, leaving only the last duplicate, while
+  # preserving order.
+  found = OrderedSet()
+  unique_libraries_list = []
+  for entry in reversed(libraries):
+    library = re.sub(r'^\-l', '', entry)
+    if not os.path.splitext(library)[1]:
+      library += '.lib'
+    if library not in found:
+      found.add(library)
+      unique_libraries_list.append(library)
+  unique_libraries_list.reverse()
+  return unique_libraries_list
+
+
+def _GetOutputFilePathAndTool(spec, msbuild):
+  """Returns the path and tool to use for this target.
+
+  Figures out the path of the file this spec will create and the name of
+  the VC tool that will create it.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    A triple of (file path, name of the vc tool, name of the msbuild tool)
+  """
+  # Select a name for the output file.
+  out_file = ''
+  vc_tool = ''
+  msbuild_tool = ''
+  output_file_map = {
+      'executable': ('VCLinkerTool', 'Link', '$(OutDir)', '.exe'),
+      'shared_library': ('VCLinkerTool', 'Link', '$(OutDir)', '.dll'),
+      'loadable_module': ('VCLinkerTool', 'Link', '$(OutDir)', '.dll'),
+      'static_library': ('VCLibrarianTool', 'Lib', '$(OutDir)lib\\', '.lib'),
+  }
+  output_file_props = output_file_map.get(spec['type'])
+  if output_file_props and int(spec.get('msvs_auto_output_file', 1)):
+    vc_tool, msbuild_tool, out_dir, suffix = output_file_props
+    if spec.get('standalone_static_library', 0):
+      out_dir = '$(OutDir)'
+    out_dir = spec.get('product_dir', out_dir)
+    product_extension = spec.get('product_extension')
+    if product_extension:
+      suffix = '.' + product_extension
+    elif msbuild:
+      suffix = '$(TargetExt)'
+    prefix = spec.get('product_prefix', '')
+    product_name = spec.get('product_name', '$(ProjectName)')
+    out_file = ntpath.join(out_dir, prefix + product_name + suffix)
+  return out_file, vc_tool, msbuild_tool
+
+
+def _GetOutputTargetExt(spec):
+  """Returns the extension for this target, including the dot
+
+  If product_extension is specified, set target_extension to this to avoid
+  MSB8012, returns None otherwise. Ignores any target_extension settings in
+  the input files.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+  Returns:
+    A string with the extension, or None
+  """
+  target_extension = spec.get('product_extension')
+  if target_extension:
+    return '.' + target_extension
+  return None
+
+
+def _GetDefines(config):
+  """Returns the list of preprocessor definitions for this configuation.
+
+  Arguments:
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+  Returns:
+    The list of preprocessor definitions.
+  """
+  defines = []
+  for d in config.get('defines', []):
+    if type(d) == list:
+      fd = '='.join([str(dpart) for dpart in d])
+    else:
+      fd = str(d)
+    defines.append(fd)
+  return defines
+
+
+def _GetDisabledWarnings(config):
+  return [str(i) for i in config.get('msvs_disabled_warnings', [])]
+
+
+def _GetModuleDefinition(spec):
+  def_file = ''
+  if spec['type'] in ['shared_library', 'loadable_module', 'executable']:
+    def_files = [s for s in spec.get('sources', []) if s.endswith('.def')]
+    if len(def_files) == 1:
+      def_file = _FixPath(def_files[0])
+    elif def_files:
+      raise ValueError(
+          'Multiple module definition files in one target, target %s lists '
+          'multiple .def files: %s' % (
+              spec['target_name'], ' '.join(def_files)))
+  return def_file
+
+
+def _ConvertToolsToExpectedForm(tools):
+  """Convert tools to a form expected by Visual Studio.
+
+  Arguments:
+    tools: A dictionary of settings; the tool name is the key.
+  Returns:
+    A list of Tool objects.
+  """
+  tool_list = []
+  for tool, settings in tools.items():
+    # Collapse settings with lists.
+    settings_fixed = {}
+    for setting, value in settings.items():
+      if type(value) == list:
+        if ((tool == 'VCLinkerTool' and
+             setting == 'AdditionalDependencies') or
+            setting == 'AdditionalOptions'):
+          settings_fixed[setting] = ' '.join(value)
+        else:
+          settings_fixed[setting] = ';'.join(value)
+      else:
+        settings_fixed[setting] = value
+    # Add in this tool.
+    tool_list.append(MSVSProject.Tool(tool, settings_fixed))
+  return tool_list
+
+
+def _AddConfigurationToMSVS(p, spec, tools, config, config_type, config_name):
+  """Add to the project file the configuration specified by config.
+
+  Arguments:
+    p: The target project being generated.
+    spec: the target project dict.
+    tools: A dictionary of settings; the tool name is the key.
+    config: The dictionary that defines the special processing to be done
+            for this configuration.
+    config_type: The configuration type, a number as defined by Microsoft.
+    config_name: The name of the configuration.
+  """
+  attributes = _GetMSVSAttributes(spec, config, config_type)
+  # Add in this configuration.
+  tool_list = _ConvertToolsToExpectedForm(tools)
+  p.AddConfig(_ConfigFullName(config_name, config),
+              attrs=attributes, tools=tool_list)
+
+
+def _GetMSVSAttributes(spec, config, config_type):
+  # Prepare configuration attributes.
+  prepared_attrs = {}
+  source_attrs = config.get('msvs_configuration_attributes', {})
+  for a in source_attrs:
+    prepared_attrs[a] = source_attrs[a]
+  # Add props files.
+  vsprops_dirs = config.get('msvs_props', [])
+  vsprops_dirs = _FixPaths(vsprops_dirs)
+  if vsprops_dirs:
+    prepared_attrs['InheritedPropertySheets'] = ';'.join(vsprops_dirs)
+  # Set configuration type.
+  prepared_attrs['ConfigurationType'] = config_type
+  output_dir = prepared_attrs.get('OutputDirectory',
+                                  '$(SolutionDir)$(ConfigurationName)')
+  prepared_attrs['OutputDirectory'] = _FixPath(output_dir) + '\\'
+  if 'IntermediateDirectory' not in prepared_attrs:
+    intermediate = '$(ConfigurationName)\\obj\\$(ProjectName)'
+    prepared_attrs['IntermediateDirectory'] = _FixPath(intermediate) + '\\'
+  else:
+    intermediate = _FixPath(prepared_attrs['IntermediateDirectory']) + '\\'
+    intermediate = MSVSSettings.FixVCMacroSlashes(intermediate)
+    prepared_attrs['IntermediateDirectory'] = intermediate
+  return prepared_attrs
+
+
+def _AddNormalizedSources(sources_set, sources_array):
+  sources_set.update(_NormalizedSource(s) for s in sources_array)
+
+
+def _PrepareListOfSources(spec, generator_flags, gyp_file):
+  """Prepare list of sources and excluded sources.
+
+  Besides the sources specified directly in the spec, adds the gyp file so
+  that a change to it will cause a re-compile. Also adds appropriate sources
+  for actions and copies. Assumes later stage will un-exclude files which
+  have custom build steps attached.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+    gyp_file: The name of the gyp file.
+  Returns:
+    A pair of (list of sources, list of excluded sources).
+    The sources will be relative to the gyp file.
+  """
+  sources = OrderedSet()
+  _AddNormalizedSources(sources, spec.get('sources', []))
+  excluded_sources = OrderedSet()
+  # Add in the gyp file.
+  if not generator_flags.get('standalone'):
+    sources.add(gyp_file)
+
+  # Add in 'action' inputs and outputs.
+  for a in spec.get('actions', []):
+    inputs = a['inputs']
+    inputs = [_NormalizedSource(i) for i in inputs]
+    # Add all inputs to sources and excluded sources.
+    inputs = OrderedSet(inputs)
+    sources.update(inputs)
+    if not spec.get('msvs_external_builder'):
+      excluded_sources.update(inputs)
+    if int(a.get('process_outputs_as_sources', False)):
+      _AddNormalizedSources(sources, a.get('outputs', []))
+  # Add in 'copies' inputs and outputs.
+  for cpy in spec.get('copies', []):
+    _AddNormalizedSources(sources, cpy.get('files', []))
+  return (sources, excluded_sources)
+
+
+def _AdjustSourcesAndConvertToFilterHierarchy(
+    spec, options, gyp_dir, sources, excluded_sources, list_excluded, version):
+  """Adjusts the list of sources and excluded sources.
+
+  Also converts the sets to lists.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target dictionary containing the properties of the target.
+    options: Global generator options.
+    gyp_dir: The path to the gyp file being processed.
+    sources: A set of sources to be included for this project.
+    excluded_sources: A set of sources to be excluded for this project.
+    version: A MSVSVersion object.
+  Returns:
+    A trio of (list of sources, list of excluded sources,
+               path of excluded IDL file)
+  """
+  # Exclude excluded sources coming into the generator.
+  excluded_sources.update(OrderedSet(spec.get('sources_excluded', [])))
+  # Add excluded sources into sources for good measure.
+  sources.update(excluded_sources)
+  # Convert to proper windows form.
+  # NOTE: sources goes from being a set to a list here.
+  # NOTE: excluded_sources goes from being a set to a list here.
+  sources = _FixPaths(sources)
+  # Convert to proper windows form.
+  excluded_sources = _FixPaths(excluded_sources)
+
+  excluded_idl = _IdlFilesHandledNonNatively(spec, sources)
+
+  precompiled_related = _GetPrecompileRelatedFiles(spec)
+  # Find the excluded ones, minus the precompiled header related ones.
+  fully_excluded = [i for i in excluded_sources if i not in precompiled_related]
+
+  # Convert to folders and the right slashes.
+  sources = [i.split('\\') for i in sources]
+  sources = _ConvertSourcesToFilterHierarchy(sources, excluded=fully_excluded,
+                                             list_excluded=list_excluded,
+                                             msvs_version=version)
+
+  # Prune filters with a single child to flatten ugly directory structures
+  # such as ../../src/modules/module1 etc.
+  if version.UsesVcxproj():
+    while all([isinstance(s, MSVSProject.Filter) for s in sources]) \
+        and len(set([s.name for s in sources])) == 1:
+      assert all([len(s.contents) == 1 for s in sources])
+      sources = [s.contents[0] for s in sources]
+  else:
+    while len(sources) == 1 and isinstance(sources[0], MSVSProject.Filter):
+      sources = sources[0].contents
+
+  return sources, excluded_sources, excluded_idl
+
+
+def _IdlFilesHandledNonNatively(spec, sources):
+  # If any non-native rules use 'idl' as an extension exclude idl files.
+  # Gather a list here to use later.
+  using_idl = False
+  for rule in spec.get('rules', []):
+    if rule['extension'] == 'idl' and int(rule.get('msvs_external_rule', 0)):
+      using_idl = True
+      break
+  if using_idl:
+    excluded_idl = [i for i in sources if i.endswith('.idl')]
+  else:
+    excluded_idl = []
+  return excluded_idl
+
+
+def _GetPrecompileRelatedFiles(spec):
+  # Gather a list of precompiled header related sources.
+  precompiled_related = []
+  for _, config in spec['configurations'].items():
+    for k in precomp_keys:
+      f = config.get(k)
+      if f:
+        precompiled_related.append(_FixPath(f))
+  return precompiled_related
+
+
+def _ExcludeFilesFromBeingBuilt(p, spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl,
+                                list_excluded):
+  exclusions = _GetExcludedFilesFromBuild(spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl)
+  for file_name, excluded_configs in exclusions.items():
+    if (not list_excluded and
+            len(excluded_configs) == len(spec['configurations'])):
+      # If we're not listing excluded files, then they won't appear in the
+      # project, so don't try to configure them to be excluded.
+      pass
+    else:
+      for config_name, config in excluded_configs:
+        p.AddFileConfig(file_name, _ConfigFullName(config_name, config),
+                        {'ExcludedFromBuild': 'true'})
+
+
+def _GetExcludedFilesFromBuild(spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl):
+  exclusions = {}
+  # Exclude excluded sources from being built.
+  for f in excluded_sources:
+    excluded_configs = []
+    for config_name, config in spec['configurations'].items():
+      precomped = [_FixPath(config.get(i, '')) for i in precomp_keys]
+      # Don't do this for ones that are precompiled header related.
+      if f not in precomped:
+        excluded_configs.append((config_name, config))
+    exclusions[f] = excluded_configs
+  # If any non-native rules use 'idl' as an extension exclude idl files.
+  # Exclude them now.
+  for f in excluded_idl:
+    excluded_configs = []
+    for config_name, config in spec['configurations'].items():
+      excluded_configs.append((config_name, config))
+    exclusions[f] = excluded_configs
+  return exclusions
+
+
+def _AddToolFilesToMSVS(p, spec):
+  # Add in tool files (rules).
+  tool_files = OrderedSet()
+  for _, config in spec['configurations'].items():
+    for f in config.get('msvs_tool_files', []):
+      tool_files.add(f)
+  for f in tool_files:
+    p.AddToolFile(f)
+
+
+def _HandlePreCompiledHeaders(p, sources, spec):
+  # Pre-compiled header source stubs need a different compiler flag
+  # (generate precompiled header) and any source file not of the same
+  # kind (i.e. C vs. C++) as the precompiled header source stub needs
+  # to have use of precompiled headers disabled.
+  extensions_excluded_from_precompile = []
+  for config_name, config in spec['configurations'].items():
+    source = config.get('msvs_precompiled_source')
+    if source:
+      source = _FixPath(source)
+      # UsePrecompiledHeader=1 for if using precompiled headers.
+      tool = MSVSProject.Tool('VCCLCompilerTool',
+                              {'UsePrecompiledHeader': '1'})
+      p.AddFileConfig(source, _ConfigFullName(config_name, config),
+                      {}, tools=[tool])
+      basename, extension = os.path.splitext(source)
+      if extension == '.c':
+        extensions_excluded_from_precompile = ['.cc', '.cpp', '.cxx']
+      else:
+        extensions_excluded_from_precompile = ['.c']
+  def DisableForSourceTree(source_tree):
+    for source in source_tree:
+      if isinstance(source, MSVSProject.Filter):
+        DisableForSourceTree(source.contents)
+      else:
+        basename, extension = os.path.splitext(source)
+        if extension in extensions_excluded_from_precompile:
+          for config_name, config in spec['configurations'].items():
+            tool = MSVSProject.Tool('VCCLCompilerTool',
+                                    {'UsePrecompiledHeader': '0',
+                                     'ForcedIncludeFiles': '$(NOINHERIT)'})
+            p.AddFileConfig(_FixPath(source),
+                            _ConfigFullName(config_name, config),
+                            {}, tools=[tool])
+  # Do nothing if there was no precompiled source.
+  if extensions_excluded_from_precompile:
+    DisableForSourceTree(sources)
+
+
+def _AddActions(actions_to_add, spec, relative_path_of_gyp_file):
+  # Add actions.
+  actions = spec.get('actions', [])
+  # Don't setup_env every time. When all the actions are run together in one
+  # batch file in VS, the PATH will grow too long.
+  # Membership in this set means that the cygwin environment has been set up,
+  # and does not need to be set up again.
+  have_setup_env = set()
+  for a in actions:
+    # Attach actions to the gyp file if nothing else is there.
+    inputs = a.get('inputs') or [relative_path_of_gyp_file]
+    attached_to = inputs[0]
+    need_setup_env = attached_to not in have_setup_env
+    cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRule(spec, a, has_input_path=False,
+                                   do_setup_env=need_setup_env)
+    have_setup_env.add(attached_to)
+    # Add the action.
+    _AddActionStep(actions_to_add,
+                   inputs=inputs,
+                   outputs=a.get('outputs', []),
+                   description=a.get('message', a['action_name']),
+                   command=cmd)
+
+
+def _WriteMSVSUserFile(project_path, version, spec):
+  # Add run_as and test targets.
+  if 'run_as' in spec:
+    run_as = spec['run_as']
+    action = run_as.get('action', [])
+    environment = run_as.get('environment', [])
+    working_directory = run_as.get('working_directory', '.')
+  elif int(spec.get('test', 0)):
+    action = ['$(TargetPath)', '--gtest_print_time']
+    environment = []
+    working_directory = '.'
+  else:
+    return  # Nothing to add
+  # Write out the user file.
+  user_file = _CreateMSVSUserFile(project_path, version, spec)
+  for config_name, c_data in spec['configurations'].items():
+    user_file.AddDebugSettings(_ConfigFullName(config_name, c_data),
+                               action, environment, working_directory)
+  user_file.WriteIfChanged()
+
+
+def _AddCopies(actions_to_add, spec):
+  copies = _GetCopies(spec)
+  for inputs, outputs, cmd, description in copies:
+    _AddActionStep(actions_to_add, inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs,
+                   description=description, command=cmd)
+
+
+def _GetCopies(spec):
+  copies = []
+  # Add copies.
+  for cpy in spec.get('copies', []):
+    for src in cpy.get('files', []):
+      dst = os.path.join(cpy['destination'], os.path.basename(src))
+      # _AddCustomBuildToolForMSVS() will call _FixPath() on the inputs and
+      # outputs, so do the same for our generated command line.
+      if src.endswith('/'):
+        src_bare = src[:-1]
+        base_dir = posixpath.split(src_bare)[0]
+        outer_dir = posixpath.split(src_bare)[1]
+        cmd = 'cd "%s" && xcopy /e /f /y "%s" "%s\\%s\\"' % (
+            _FixPath(base_dir), outer_dir, _FixPath(dst), outer_dir)
+        copies.append(([src], ['dummy_copies', dst], cmd,
+                       'Copying %s to %s' % (src, dst)))
+      else:
+        cmd = 'mkdir "%s" 2>nul & set ERRORLEVEL=0 & copy /Y "%s" "%s"' % (
+            _FixPath(cpy['destination']), _FixPath(src), _FixPath(dst))
+        copies.append(([src], [dst], cmd, 'Copying %s to %s' % (src, dst)))
+  return copies
+
+
+def _GetPathDict(root, path):
+  # |path| will eventually be empty (in the recursive calls) if it was initially
+  # relative; otherwise it will eventually end up as '\', 'D:\', etc.
+  if not path or path.endswith(os.sep):
+    return root
+  parent, folder = os.path.split(path)
+  parent_dict = _GetPathDict(root, parent)
+  if folder not in parent_dict:
+    parent_dict[folder] = dict()
+  return parent_dict[folder]
+
+
+def _DictsToFolders(base_path, bucket, flat):
+  # Convert to folders recursively.
+  children = []
+  for folder, contents in bucket.items():
+    if type(contents) == dict:
+      folder_children = _DictsToFolders(os.path.join(base_path, folder),
+                                        contents, flat)
+      if flat:
+        children += folder_children
+      else:
+        folder_children = MSVSNew.MSVSFolder(os.path.join(base_path, folder),
+                                             name='(' + folder + ')',
+                                             entries=folder_children)
+        children.append(folder_children)
+    else:
+      children.append(contents)
+  return children
+
+
+def _CollapseSingles(parent, node):
+  # Recursively explorer the tree of dicts looking for projects which are
+  # the sole item in a folder which has the same name as the project. Bring
+  # such projects up one level.
+  if (type(node) == dict and
+      len(node) == 1 and
+      list(node)[0] == parent + '.vcproj'):
+    return node[list(node)[0]]
+  if type(node) != dict:
+    return node
+  for child in node:
+    node[child] = _CollapseSingles(child, node[child])
+  return node
+
+
+def _GatherSolutionFolders(sln_projects, project_objects, flat):
+  root = {}
+  # Convert into a tree of dicts on path.
+  for p in sln_projects:
+    gyp_file, target = gyp.common.ParseQualifiedTarget(p)[0:2]
+    gyp_dir = os.path.dirname(gyp_file)
+    path_dict = _GetPathDict(root, gyp_dir)
+    path_dict[target + '.vcproj'] = project_objects[p]
+  # Walk down from the top until we hit a folder that has more than one entry.
+  # In practice, this strips the top-level "src/" dir from the hierarchy in
+  # the solution.
+  while len(root) == 1 and type(root[list(root)[0]]) == dict:
+    root = root[list(root)[0]]
+  # Collapse singles.
+  root = _CollapseSingles('', root)
+  # Merge buckets until everything is a root entry.
+  return _DictsToFolders('', root, flat)
+
+
+def _GetPathOfProject(qualified_target, spec, options, msvs_version):
+  default_config = _GetDefaultConfiguration(spec)
+  proj_filename = default_config.get('msvs_existing_vcproj')
+  if not proj_filename:
+    proj_filename = (spec['target_name'] + options.suffix +
+                     msvs_version.ProjectExtension())
+
+  build_file = gyp.common.BuildFile(qualified_target)
+  proj_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(build_file), proj_filename)
+  fix_prefix = None
+  if options.generator_output:
+    project_dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(proj_path))
+    proj_path = os.path.join(options.generator_output, proj_path)
+    fix_prefix = gyp.common.RelativePath(project_dir_path,
+                                         os.path.dirname(proj_path))
+  return proj_path, fix_prefix
+
+
+def _GetPlatformOverridesOfProject(spec):
+  # Prepare a dict indicating which project configurations are used for which
+  # solution configurations for this target.
+  config_platform_overrides = {}
+  for config_name, c in spec['configurations'].items():
+    config_fullname = _ConfigFullName(config_name, c)
+    platform = c.get('msvs_target_platform', _ConfigPlatform(c))
+    fixed_config_fullname = '%s|%s' % (
+        _ConfigBaseName(config_name, _ConfigPlatform(c)), platform)
+    config_platform_overrides[config_fullname] = fixed_config_fullname
+  return config_platform_overrides
+
+
+def _CreateProjectObjects(target_list, target_dicts, options, msvs_version):
+  """Create a MSVSProject object for the targets found in target list.
+
+  Arguments:
+    target_list: the list of targets to generate project objects for.
+    target_dicts: the dictionary of specifications.
+    options: global generator options.
+    msvs_version: the MSVSVersion object.
+  Returns:
+    A set of created projects, keyed by target.
+  """
+  global fixpath_prefix
+  # Generate each project.
+  projects = {}
+  for qualified_target in target_list:
+    spec = target_dicts[qualified_target]
+    if spec['toolset'] != 'target':
+      raise GypError(
+          'Multiple toolsets not supported in msvs build (target %s)' %
+          qualified_target)
+    proj_path, fixpath_prefix = _GetPathOfProject(qualified_target, spec,
+                                                  options, msvs_version)
+    guid = _GetGuidOfProject(proj_path, spec)
+    overrides = _GetPlatformOverridesOfProject(spec)
+    build_file = gyp.common.BuildFile(qualified_target)
+    # Create object for this project.
+    obj = MSVSNew.MSVSProject(
+        proj_path,
+        name=spec['target_name'],
+        guid=guid,
+        spec=spec,
+        build_file=build_file,
+        config_platform_overrides=overrides,
+        fixpath_prefix=fixpath_prefix)
+    # Set project toolset if any (MS build only)
+    if msvs_version.UsesVcxproj():
+      obj.set_msbuild_toolset(
+          _GetMsbuildToolsetOfProject(proj_path, spec, msvs_version))
+    projects[qualified_target] = obj
+  # Set all the dependencies, but not if we are using an external builder like
+  # ninja
+  for project in projects.values():
+    if not project.spec.get('msvs_external_builder'):
+      deps = project.spec.get('dependencies', [])
+      deps = [projects[d] for d in deps]
+      project.set_dependencies(deps)
+  return projects
+
+
+def _InitNinjaFlavor(params, target_list, target_dicts):
+  """Initialize targets for the ninja flavor.
+
+  This sets up the necessary variables in the targets to generate msvs projects
+  that use ninja as an external builder. The variables in the spec are only set
+  if they have not been set. This allows individual specs to override the
+  default values initialized here.
+  Arguments:
+    params: Params provided to the generator.
+    target_list: List of target pairs: 'base/base.gyp:base'.
+    target_dicts: Dict of target properties keyed on target pair.
+  """
+  for qualified_target in target_list:
+    spec = target_dicts[qualified_target]
+    if spec.get('msvs_external_builder'):
+      # The spec explicitly defined an external builder, so don't change it.
+      continue
+
+    path_to_ninja = spec.get('msvs_path_to_ninja', 'ninja.exe')
+
+    spec['msvs_external_builder'] = 'ninja'
+    if not spec.get('msvs_external_builder_out_dir'):
+      gyp_file, _, _ = gyp.common.ParseQualifiedTarget(qualified_target)
+      gyp_dir = os.path.dirname(gyp_file)
+      configuration = '$(Configuration)'
+      if params.get('target_arch') == 'x64':
+        configuration += '_x64'
+      if params.get('target_arch') == 'arm64':
+        configuration += '_arm64'
+      spec['msvs_external_builder_out_dir'] = os.path.join(
+          gyp.common.RelativePath(params['options'].toplevel_dir, gyp_dir),
+          ninja_generator.ComputeOutputDir(params),
+          configuration)
+    if not spec.get('msvs_external_builder_build_cmd'):
+      spec['msvs_external_builder_build_cmd'] = [
+        path_to_ninja,
+        '-C',
+        '$(OutDir)',
+        '$(ProjectName)',
+      ]
+    if not spec.get('msvs_external_builder_clean_cmd'):
+      spec['msvs_external_builder_clean_cmd'] = [
+        path_to_ninja,
+        '-C',
+        '$(OutDir)',
+        '-tclean',
+        '$(ProjectName)',
+      ]
+
+
+def CalculateVariables(default_variables, params):
+  """Generated variables that require params to be known."""
+
+  generator_flags = params.get('generator_flags', {})
+
+  # Select project file format version (if unset, default to auto detecting).
+  msvs_version = MSVSVersion.SelectVisualStudioVersion(
+      generator_flags.get('msvs_version', 'auto'))
+  # Stash msvs_version for later (so we don't have to probe the system twice).
+  params['msvs_version'] = msvs_version
+
+  # Set a variable so conditions can be based on msvs_version.
+  default_variables['MSVS_VERSION'] = msvs_version.ShortName()
+
+  # To determine processor word size on Windows, in addition to checking
+  # PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE (which reflects the word size of the current
+  # process), it is also necessary to check PROCESSOR_ARCITEW6432 (which
+  # contains the actual word size of the system when running thru WOW64).
+  if (os.environ.get('PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE', '').find('64') >= 0 or
+      os.environ.get('PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432', '').find('64') >= 0):
+    default_variables['MSVS_OS_BITS'] = 64
+  else:
+    default_variables['MSVS_OS_BITS'] = 32
+
+  if gyp.common.GetFlavor(params) == 'ninja':
+    default_variables['SHARED_INTERMEDIATE_DIR'] = '$(OutDir)gen'
+
+
+def PerformBuild(data, configurations, params):
+  options = params['options']
+  msvs_version = params['msvs_version']
+  devenv = os.path.join(msvs_version.path, 'Common7', 'IDE', 'devenv.com')
+
+  for build_file, build_file_dict in data.items():
+    (build_file_root, build_file_ext) = os.path.splitext(build_file)
+    if build_file_ext != '.gyp':
+      continue
+    sln_path = build_file_root + options.suffix + '.sln'
+    if options.generator_output:
+      sln_path = os.path.join(options.generator_output, sln_path)
+
+  for config in configurations:
+    arguments = [devenv, sln_path, '/Build', config]
+    print('Building [%s]: %s' % (config, arguments))
+    rtn = subprocess.check_call(arguments)
+
+
+def GenerateOutput(target_list, target_dicts, data, params):
+  """Generate .sln and .vcproj files.
+
+  This is the entry point for this generator.
+  Arguments:
+    target_list: List of target pairs: 'base/base.gyp:base'.
+    target_dicts: Dict of target properties keyed on target pair.
+    data: Dictionary containing per .gyp data.
+  """
+  global fixpath_prefix
+
+  options = params['options']
+
+  # Get the project file format version back out of where we stashed it in
+  # GeneratorCalculatedVariables.
+  msvs_version = params['msvs_version']
+
+  generator_flags = params.get('generator_flags', {})
+
+  # Optionally shard targets marked with 'msvs_shard': SHARD_COUNT.
+  (target_list, target_dicts) = MSVSUtil.ShardTargets(target_list, target_dicts)
+
+  # Optionally use the large PDB workaround for targets marked with
+  # 'msvs_large_pdb': 1.
+  (target_list, target_dicts) = MSVSUtil.InsertLargePdbShims(
+        target_list, target_dicts, generator_default_variables)
+
+  # Optionally configure each spec to use ninja as the external builder.
+  if params.get('flavor') == 'ninja':
+    _InitNinjaFlavor(params, target_list, target_dicts)
+
+  # Prepare the set of configurations.
+  configs = set()
+  for qualified_target in target_list:
+    spec = target_dicts[qualified_target]
+    for config_name, config in spec['configurations'].items():
+      configs.add(_ConfigFullName(config_name, config))
+  configs = list(configs)
+
+  # Figure out all the projects that will be generated and their guids
+  project_objects = _CreateProjectObjects(target_list, target_dicts, options,
+                                          msvs_version)
+
+  # Generate each project.
+  missing_sources = []
+  for project in project_objects.values():
+    fixpath_prefix = project.fixpath_prefix
+    missing_sources.extend(_GenerateProject(project, options, msvs_version,
+                                            generator_flags))
+  fixpath_prefix = None
+
+  for build_file in data:
+    # Validate build_file extension
+    if not build_file.endswith('.gyp'):
+      continue
+    sln_path = os.path.splitext(build_file)[0] + options.suffix + '.sln'
+    if options.generator_output:
+      sln_path = os.path.join(options.generator_output, sln_path)
+    # Get projects in the solution, and their dependents.
+    sln_projects = gyp.common.BuildFileTargets(target_list, build_file)
+    sln_projects += gyp.common.DeepDependencyTargets(target_dicts, sln_projects)
+    # Create folder hierarchy.
+    root_entries = _GatherSolutionFolders(
+        sln_projects, project_objects, flat=msvs_version.FlatSolution())
+    # Create solution.
+    sln = MSVSNew.MSVSSolution(sln_path,
+                               entries=root_entries,
+                               variants=configs,
+                               websiteProperties=False,
+                               version=msvs_version)
+    sln.Write()
+
+  if missing_sources:
+    error_message = "Missing input files:\n" + \
+                    '\n'.join(set(missing_sources))
+    if generator_flags.get('msvs_error_on_missing_sources', False):
+      raise GypError(error_message)
+    else:
+      print("Warning: " + error_message, file=sys.stdout)
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildFiltersFile(filters_path, source_files,
+                                rule_dependencies, extension_to_rule_name,
+                                platforms):
+  """Generate the filters file.
+
+  This file is used by Visual Studio to organize the presentation of source
+  files into folders.
+
+  Arguments:
+      filters_path: The path of the file to be created.
+      source_files: The hierarchical structure of all the sources.
+      extension_to_rule_name: A dictionary mapping file extensions to rules.
+  """
+  filter_group = []
+  source_group = []
+  _AppendFiltersForMSBuild('', source_files, rule_dependencies,
+                           extension_to_rule_name, platforms,
+                           filter_group, source_group)
+  if filter_group:
+    content = ['Project',
+               {'ToolsVersion': '4.0',
+                'xmlns': 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'
+               },
+               ['ItemGroup'] + filter_group,
+               ['ItemGroup'] + source_group
+              ]
+    easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, filters_path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+  elif os.path.exists(filters_path):
+    # We don't need this filter anymore.  Delete the old filter file.
+    os.unlink(filters_path)
+
+
+def _AppendFiltersForMSBuild(parent_filter_name, sources, rule_dependencies,
+                             extension_to_rule_name, platforms,
+                             filter_group, source_group):
+  """Creates the list of filters and sources to be added in the filter file.
+
+  Args:
+      parent_filter_name: The name of the filter under which the sources are
+          found.
+      sources: The hierarchy of filters and sources to process.
+      extension_to_rule_name: A dictionary mapping file extensions to rules.
+      filter_group: The list to which filter entries will be appended.
+      source_group: The list to which source entries will be appeneded.
+  """
+  for source in sources:
+    if isinstance(source, MSVSProject.Filter):
+      # We have a sub-filter.  Create the name of that sub-filter.
+      if not parent_filter_name:
+        filter_name = source.name
+      else:
+        filter_name = '%s\\%s' % (parent_filter_name, source.name)
+      # Add the filter to the group.
+      filter_group.append(
+          ['Filter', {'Include': filter_name},
+           ['UniqueIdentifier', MSVSNew.MakeGuid(source.name)]])
+      # Recurse and add its dependents.
+      _AppendFiltersForMSBuild(filter_name, source.contents,
+                               rule_dependencies, extension_to_rule_name,
+                               platforms, filter_group, source_group)
+    else:
+      # It's a source.  Create a source entry.
+      _, element = _MapFileToMsBuildSourceType(source, rule_dependencies,
+                                               extension_to_rule_name,
+                                               platforms)
+      source_entry = [element, {'Include': source}]
+      # Specify the filter it is part of, if any.
+      if parent_filter_name:
+        source_entry.append(['Filter', parent_filter_name])
+      source_group.append(source_entry)
+
+
+def _MapFileToMsBuildSourceType(source, rule_dependencies,
+                                extension_to_rule_name, platforms):
+  """Returns the group and element type of the source file.
+
+  Arguments:
+      source: The source file name.
+      extension_to_rule_name: A dictionary mapping file extensions to rules.
+
+  Returns:
+      A pair of (group this file should be part of, the label of element)
+  """
+  _, ext = os.path.splitext(source)
+  if ext in extension_to_rule_name:
+    group = 'rule'
+    element = extension_to_rule_name[ext]
+  elif ext in ['.cc', '.cpp', '.c', '.cxx', '.mm']:
+    group = 'compile'
+    element = 'ClCompile'
+  elif ext in ['.h', '.hxx']:
+    group = 'include'
+    element = 'ClInclude'
+  elif ext == '.rc':
+    group = 'resource'
+    element = 'ResourceCompile'
+  elif ext == '.asm':
+    group = 'masm'
+    element = 'MASM'
+    for platform in platforms:
+      if platform.lower() in ['arm', 'arm64']:
+       element = 'MARMASM'
+  elif ext == '.idl':
+    group = 'midl'
+    element = 'Midl'
+  elif source in rule_dependencies:
+    group = 'rule_dependency'
+    element = 'CustomBuild'
+  else:
+    group = 'none'
+    element = 'None'
+  return (group, element)
+
+
+def _GenerateRulesForMSBuild(output_dir, options, spec,
+                             sources, excluded_sources,
+                             props_files_of_rules, targets_files_of_rules,
+                             actions_to_add, rule_dependencies,
+                             extension_to_rule_name):
+  # MSBuild rules are implemented using three files: an XML file, a .targets
+  # file and a .props file.
+  # See http://blogs.msdn.com/b/vcblog/archive/2010/04/21/quick-help-on-vs2010-custom-build-rule.aspx
+  # for more details.
+  rules = spec.get('rules', [])
+  rules_native = [r for r in rules if not int(r.get('msvs_external_rule', 0))]
+  rules_external = [r for r in rules if int(r.get('msvs_external_rule', 0))]
+
+  msbuild_rules = []
+  for rule in rules_native:
+    # Skip a rule with no action and no inputs.
+    if 'action' not in rule and not rule.get('rule_sources', []):
+      continue
+    msbuild_rule = MSBuildRule(rule, spec)
+    msbuild_rules.append(msbuild_rule)
+    rule_dependencies.update(msbuild_rule.additional_dependencies.split(';'))
+    extension_to_rule_name[msbuild_rule.extension] = msbuild_rule.rule_name
+  if msbuild_rules:
+    base = spec['target_name'] + options.suffix
+    props_name = base + '.props'
+    targets_name = base + '.targets'
+    xml_name = base + '.xml'
+
+    props_files_of_rules.add(props_name)
+    targets_files_of_rules.add(targets_name)
+
+    props_path = os.path.join(output_dir, props_name)
+    targets_path = os.path.join(output_dir, targets_name)
+    xml_path = os.path.join(output_dir, xml_name)
+
+    _GenerateMSBuildRulePropsFile(props_path, msbuild_rules)
+    _GenerateMSBuildRuleTargetsFile(targets_path, msbuild_rules)
+    _GenerateMSBuildRuleXmlFile(xml_path, msbuild_rules)
+
+  if rules_external:
+    _GenerateExternalRules(rules_external, output_dir, spec,
+                           sources, options, actions_to_add)
+  _AdjustSourcesForRules(rules, sources, excluded_sources, True)
+
+
+class MSBuildRule(object):
+  """Used to store information used to generate an MSBuild rule.
+
+  Attributes:
+    rule_name: The rule name, sanitized to use in XML.
+    target_name: The name of the target.
+    after_targets: The name of the AfterTargets element.
+    before_targets: The name of the BeforeTargets element.
+    depends_on: The name of the DependsOn element.
+    compute_output: The name of the ComputeOutput element.
+    dirs_to_make: The name of the DirsToMake element.
+    inputs: The name of the _inputs element.
+    tlog: The name of the _tlog element.
+    extension: The extension this rule applies to.
+    description: The message displayed when this rule is invoked.
+    additional_dependencies: A string listing additional dependencies.
+    outputs: The outputs of this rule.
+    command: The command used to run the rule.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, rule, spec):
+    self.display_name = rule['rule_name']
+    # Assure that the rule name is only characters and numbers
+    self.rule_name = re.sub(r'\W', '_', self.display_name)
+    # Create the various element names, following the example set by the
+    # Visual Studio 2008 to 2010 conversion.  I don't know if VS2010
+    # is sensitive to the exact names.
+    self.target_name = '_' + self.rule_name
+    self.after_targets = self.rule_name + 'AfterTargets'
+    self.before_targets = self.rule_name + 'BeforeTargets'
+    self.depends_on = self.rule_name + 'DependsOn'
+    self.compute_output = 'Compute%sOutput' % self.rule_name
+    self.dirs_to_make = self.rule_name + 'DirsToMake'
+    self.inputs = self.rule_name + '_inputs'
+    self.tlog = self.rule_name + '_tlog'
+    self.extension = rule['extension']
+    if not self.extension.startswith('.'):
+      self.extension = '.' + self.extension
+
+    self.description = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(
+        rule.get('message', self.rule_name))
+    old_additional_dependencies = _FixPaths(rule.get('inputs', []))
+    self.additional_dependencies = (
+        ';'.join([MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(i)
+                  for i in old_additional_dependencies]))
+    old_outputs = _FixPaths(rule.get('outputs', []))
+    self.outputs = ';'.join([MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(i)
+                             for i in old_outputs])
+    old_command = _BuildCommandLineForRule(spec, rule, has_input_path=True,
+                                           do_setup_env=True)
+    self.command = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(old_command)
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildRulePropsFile(props_path, msbuild_rules):
+  """Generate the .props file."""
+  content = ['Project',
+             {'xmlns': 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'}]
+  for rule in msbuild_rules:
+    content.extend([
+        ['PropertyGroup',
+         {'Condition': "'$(%s)' == '' and '$(%s)' == '' and "
+          "'$(ConfigurationType)' != 'Makefile'" % (rule.before_targets,
+                                                    rule.after_targets)
+         },
+         [rule.before_targets, 'Midl'],
+         [rule.after_targets, 'CustomBuild'],
+        ],
+        ['PropertyGroup',
+         [rule.depends_on,
+          {'Condition': "'$(ConfigurationType)' != 'Makefile'"},
+          '_SelectedFiles;$(%s)' % rule.depends_on
+         ],
+        ],
+        ['ItemDefinitionGroup',
+         [rule.rule_name,
+          ['CommandLineTemplate', rule.command],
+          ['Outputs', rule.outputs],
+          ['ExecutionDescription', rule.description],
+          ['AdditionalDependencies', rule.additional_dependencies],
+         ],
+        ]
+    ])
+  easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, props_path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildRuleTargetsFile(targets_path, msbuild_rules):
+  """Generate the .targets file."""
+  content = ['Project',
+             {'xmlns': 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'
+             }
+            ]
+  item_group = [
+      'ItemGroup',
+      ['PropertyPageSchema',
+       {'Include': '$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)$(MSBuildThisFileName).xml'}
+      ]
+    ]
+  for rule in msbuild_rules:
+    item_group.append(
+        ['AvailableItemName',
+         {'Include': rule.rule_name},
+         ['Targets', rule.target_name],
+        ])
+  content.append(item_group)
+
+  for rule in msbuild_rules:
+    content.append(
+        ['UsingTask',
+         {'TaskName': rule.rule_name,
+          'TaskFactory': 'XamlTaskFactory',
+          'AssemblyName': 'Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v4.0'
+         },
+         ['Task', '$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)$(MSBuildThisFileName).xml'],
+        ])
+  for rule in msbuild_rules:
+    rule_name = rule.rule_name
+    target_outputs = '%%(%s.Outputs)' % rule_name
+    target_inputs = ('%%(%s.Identity);%%(%s.AdditionalDependencies);'
+                     '$(MSBuildProjectFile)') % (rule_name, rule_name)
+    rule_inputs = '%%(%s.Identity)' % rule_name
+    extension_condition = ("'%(Extension)'=='.obj' or "
+                           "'%(Extension)'=='.res' or "
+                           "'%(Extension)'=='.rsc' or "
+                           "'%(Extension)'=='.lib'")
+    remove_section = [
+        'ItemGroup',
+        {'Condition': "'@(SelectedFiles)' != ''"},
+        [rule_name,
+         {'Remove': '@(%s)' % rule_name,
+          'Condition': "'%(Identity)' != '@(SelectedFiles)'"
+         }
+        ]
+    ]
+    inputs_section = [
+        'ItemGroup',
+        [rule.inputs, {'Include': '%%(%s.AdditionalDependencies)' % rule_name}]
+    ]
+    logging_section = [
+        'ItemGroup',
+        [rule.tlog,
+         {'Include': '%%(%s.Outputs)' % rule_name,
+          'Condition': ("'%%(%s.Outputs)' != '' and "
+                        "'%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != 'true'" %
+                        (rule_name, rule_name))
+         },
+         ['Source', "@(%s, '|')" % rule_name],
+         ['Inputs', "@(%s -> '%%(Fullpath)', ';')" % rule.inputs],
+        ],
+    ]
+    message_section = [
+        'Message',
+        {'Importance': 'High',
+         'Text': '%%(%s.ExecutionDescription)' % rule_name
+        }
+    ]
+    write_tlog_section = [
+        'WriteLinesToFile',
+        {'Condition': "'@(%s)' != '' and '%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != "
+         "'true'" % (rule.tlog, rule.tlog),
+         'File': '$(IntDir)$(ProjectName).write.1.tlog',
+         'Lines': "^%%(%s.Source);@(%s->'%%(Fullpath)')" % (rule.tlog,
+                                                            rule.tlog)
+        }
+    ]
+    read_tlog_section = [
+        'WriteLinesToFile',
+        {'Condition': "'@(%s)' != '' and '%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != "
+         "'true'" % (rule.tlog, rule.tlog),
+         'File': '$(IntDir)$(ProjectName).read.1.tlog',
+         'Lines': "^%%(%s.Source);%%(%s.Inputs)" % (rule.tlog, rule.tlog)
+        }
+    ]
+    command_and_input_section = [
+        rule_name,
+        {'Condition': "'@(%s)' != '' and '%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != "
+         "'true'" % (rule_name, rule_name),
+         'EchoOff': 'true',
+         'StandardOutputImportance': 'High',
+         'StandardErrorImportance': 'High',
+         'CommandLineTemplate': '%%(%s.CommandLineTemplate)' % rule_name,
+         'AdditionalOptions': '%%(%s.AdditionalOptions)' % rule_name,
+         'Inputs': rule_inputs
+        }
+    ]
+    content.extend([
+        ['Target',
+         {'Name': rule.target_name,
+          'BeforeTargets': '$(%s)' % rule.before_targets,
+          'AfterTargets': '$(%s)' % rule.after_targets,
+          'Condition': "'@(%s)' != ''" % rule_name,
+          'DependsOnTargets': '$(%s);%s' % (rule.depends_on,
+                                            rule.compute_output),
+          'Outputs': target_outputs,
+          'Inputs': target_inputs
+         },
+         remove_section,
+         inputs_section,
+         logging_section,
+         message_section,
+         write_tlog_section,
+         read_tlog_section,
+         command_and_input_section,
+        ],
+        ['PropertyGroup',
+         ['ComputeLinkInputsTargets',
+          '$(ComputeLinkInputsTargets);',
+          '%s;' % rule.compute_output
+         ],
+         ['ComputeLibInputsTargets',
+          '$(ComputeLibInputsTargets);',
+          '%s;' % rule.compute_output
+         ],
+        ],
+        ['Target',
+         {'Name': rule.compute_output,
+          'Condition': "'@(%s)' != ''" % rule_name
+         },
+         ['ItemGroup',
+          [rule.dirs_to_make,
+           {'Condition': "'@(%s)' != '' and "
+            "'%%(%s.ExcludedFromBuild)' != 'true'" % (rule_name, rule_name),
+            'Include': '%%(%s.Outputs)' % rule_name
+           }
+          ],
+          ['Link',
+           {'Include': '%%(%s.Identity)' % rule.dirs_to_make,
+            'Condition': extension_condition
+           }
+          ],
+          ['Lib',
+           {'Include': '%%(%s.Identity)' % rule.dirs_to_make,
+            'Condition': extension_condition
+           }
+          ],
+          ['ImpLib',
+           {'Include': '%%(%s.Identity)' % rule.dirs_to_make,
+            'Condition': extension_condition
+           }
+          ],
+         ],
+         ['MakeDir',
+          {'Directories': ("@(%s->'%%(RootDir)%%(Directory)')" %
+                           rule.dirs_to_make)
+          }
+         ]
+        ],
+    ])
+  easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, targets_path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildRuleXmlFile(xml_path, msbuild_rules):
+  # Generate the .xml file
+  content = [
+      'ProjectSchemaDefinitions',
+      {'xmlns': ('clr-namespace:Microsoft.Build.Framework.XamlTypes;'
+                 'assembly=Microsoft.Build.Framework'),
+       'xmlns:x': 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml',
+       'xmlns:sys': 'clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib',
+       'xmlns:transformCallback':
+       'Microsoft.Cpp.Dev10.ConvertPropertyCallback'
+      }
+  ]
+  for rule in msbuild_rules:
+    content.extend([
+        ['Rule',
+         {'Name': rule.rule_name,
+          'PageTemplate': 'tool',
+          'DisplayName': rule.display_name,
+          'Order': '200'
+         },
+         ['Rule.DataSource',
+          ['DataSource',
+           {'Persistence': 'ProjectFile',
+            'ItemType': rule.rule_name
+           }
+          ]
+         ],
+         ['Rule.Categories',
+          ['Category',
+           {'Name': 'General'},
+           ['Category.DisplayName',
+            ['sys:String', 'General'],
+           ],
+          ],
+          ['Category',
+           {'Name': 'Command Line',
+            'Subtype': 'CommandLine'
+           },
+           ['Category.DisplayName',
+            ['sys:String', 'Command Line'],
+           ],
+          ],
+         ],
+         ['StringListProperty',
+          {'Name': 'Inputs',
+           'Category': 'Command Line',
+           'IsRequired': 'true',
+           'Switch': ' '
+          },
+          ['StringListProperty.DataSource',
+           ['DataSource',
+            {'Persistence': 'ProjectFile',
+             'ItemType': rule.rule_name,
+             'SourceType': 'Item'
+            }
+           ]
+          ],
+         ],
+         ['StringProperty',
+          {'Name': 'CommandLineTemplate',
+           'DisplayName': 'Command Line',
+           'Visible': 'False',
+           'IncludeInCommandLine': 'False'
+          }
+         ],
+         ['DynamicEnumProperty',
+          {'Name': rule.before_targets,
+           'Category': 'General',
+           'EnumProvider': 'Targets',
+           'IncludeInCommandLine': 'False'
+          },
+          ['DynamicEnumProperty.DisplayName',
+           ['sys:String', 'Execute Before'],
+          ],
+          ['DynamicEnumProperty.Description',
+           ['sys:String', 'Specifies the targets for the build customization'
+            ' to run before.'
+           ],
+          ],
+          ['DynamicEnumProperty.ProviderSettings',
+           ['NameValuePair',
+            {'Name': 'Exclude',
+             'Value': '^%s|^Compute' % rule.before_targets
+            }
+           ]
+          ],
+          ['DynamicEnumProperty.DataSource',
+           ['DataSource',
+            {'Persistence': 'ProjectFile',
+             'HasConfigurationCondition': 'true'
+            }
+           ]
+          ],
+         ],
+         ['DynamicEnumProperty',
+          {'Name': rule.after_targets,
+           'Category': 'General',
+           'EnumProvider': 'Targets',
+           'IncludeInCommandLine': 'False'
+          },
+          ['DynamicEnumProperty.DisplayName',
+           ['sys:String', 'Execute After'],
+          ],
+          ['DynamicEnumProperty.Description',
+           ['sys:String', ('Specifies the targets for the build customization'
+                           ' to run after.')
+           ],
+          ],
+          ['DynamicEnumProperty.ProviderSettings',
+           ['NameValuePair',
+            {'Name': 'Exclude',
+             'Value': '^%s|^Compute' % rule.after_targets
+            }
+           ]
+          ],
+          ['DynamicEnumProperty.DataSource',
+           ['DataSource',
+            {'Persistence': 'ProjectFile',
+             'ItemType': '',
+             'HasConfigurationCondition': 'true'
+            }
+           ]
+          ],
+         ],
+         ['StringListProperty',
+          {'Name': 'Outputs',
+           'DisplayName': 'Outputs',
+           'Visible': 'False',
+           'IncludeInCommandLine': 'False'
+          }
+         ],
+         ['StringProperty',
+          {'Name': 'ExecutionDescription',
+           'DisplayName': 'Execution Description',
+           'Visible': 'False',
+           'IncludeInCommandLine': 'False'
+          }
+         ],
+         ['StringListProperty',
+          {'Name': 'AdditionalDependencies',
+           'DisplayName': 'Additional Dependencies',
+           'IncludeInCommandLine': 'False',
+           'Visible': 'false'
+          }
+         ],
+         ['StringProperty',
+          {'Subtype': 'AdditionalOptions',
+           'Name': 'AdditionalOptions',
+           'Category': 'Command Line'
+          },
+          ['StringProperty.DisplayName',
+           ['sys:String', 'Additional Options'],
+          ],
+          ['StringProperty.Description',
+           ['sys:String', 'Additional Options'],
+          ],
+         ],
+        ],
+        ['ItemType',
+         {'Name': rule.rule_name,
+          'DisplayName': rule.display_name
+         }
+        ],
+        ['FileExtension',
+         {'Name': '*' + rule.extension,
+          'ContentType': rule.rule_name
+         }
+        ],
+        ['ContentType',
+         {'Name': rule.rule_name,
+          'DisplayName': '',
+          'ItemType': rule.rule_name
+         }
+        ]
+    ])
+  easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, xml_path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+
+
+def _GetConfigurationAndPlatform(name, settings):
+  configuration = name.rsplit('_', 1)[0]
+  platform = settings.get('msvs_configuration_platform', 'Win32')
+  return (configuration, platform)
+
+
+def _GetConfigurationCondition(name, settings):
+  return (r"'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='%s|%s'" %
+          _GetConfigurationAndPlatform(name, settings))
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildProjectConfigurations(configurations):
+  group = ['ItemGroup', {'Label': 'ProjectConfigurations'}]
+  for (name, settings) in sorted(configurations.items()):
+    configuration, platform = _GetConfigurationAndPlatform(name, settings)
+    designation = '%s|%s' % (configuration, platform)
+    group.append(
+        ['ProjectConfiguration', {'Include': designation},
+         ['Configuration', configuration],
+         ['Platform', platform]])
+  return [group]
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildGlobalProperties(spec, guid, gyp_file_name):
+  namespace = os.path.splitext(gyp_file_name)[0]
+  properties = [
+      ['PropertyGroup', {'Label': 'Globals'},
+        ['ProjectGuid', guid],
+        ['Keyword', 'Win32Proj'],
+        ['RootNamespace', namespace],
+        ['IgnoreWarnCompileDuplicatedFilename', 'true'],
+      ]
+    ]
+
+  if os.environ.get('PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE') == 'AMD64' or \
+     os.environ.get('PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432') == 'AMD64':
+    properties[0].append(['PreferredToolArchitecture', 'x64'])
+
+  if spec.get('msvs_enable_winrt'):
+    properties[0].append(['DefaultLanguage', 'en-US'])
+    properties[0].append(['AppContainerApplication', 'true'])
+    if spec.get('msvs_application_type_revision'):
+      app_type_revision = spec.get('msvs_application_type_revision')
+      properties[0].append(['ApplicationTypeRevision', app_type_revision])
+    else:
+      properties[0].append(['ApplicationTypeRevision', '8.1'])
+
+    if spec.get('msvs_target_platform_version'):
+      target_platform_version = spec.get('msvs_target_platform_version')
+      properties[0].append(['WindowsTargetPlatformVersion',
+                            target_platform_version])
+      if spec.get('msvs_target_platform_minversion'):
+        target_platform_minversion = spec.get('msvs_target_platform_minversion')
+        properties[0].append(['WindowsTargetPlatformMinVersion',
+                              target_platform_minversion])
+      else:
+        properties[0].append(['WindowsTargetPlatformMinVersion',
+                              target_platform_version])
+    if spec.get('msvs_enable_winphone'):
+      properties[0].append(['ApplicationType', 'Windows Phone'])
+    else:
+      properties[0].append(['ApplicationType', 'Windows Store'])
+
+  platform_name = None
+  msvs_windows_target_platform_version = None
+  for configuration in spec['configurations'].values():
+    platform_name = platform_name or _ConfigPlatform(configuration)
+    msvs_windows_target_platform_version = \
+                    msvs_windows_target_platform_version or \
+                    _ConfigWindowsTargetPlatformVersion(configuration)
+    if platform_name and msvs_windows_target_platform_version:
+      break
+
+  if platform_name == 'ARM':
+    properties[0].append(['WindowsSDKDesktopARMSupport', 'true'])
+  if msvs_windows_target_platform_version:
+    properties[0].append(['WindowsTargetPlatformVersion', \
+                          str(msvs_windows_target_platform_version)])
+
+  return properties
+
+def _GetMSBuildConfigurationDetails(spec, build_file):
+  properties = {}
+  for name, settings in spec['configurations'].items():
+    msbuild_attributes = _GetMSBuildAttributes(spec, settings, build_file)
+    condition = _GetConfigurationCondition(name, settings)
+    character_set = msbuild_attributes.get('CharacterSet')
+    _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, 'ConfigurationType',
+                            msbuild_attributes['ConfigurationType'])
+    if character_set:
+      if 'msvs_enable_winrt' not in spec :
+        _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, 'CharacterSet',
+                                character_set)
+  return _GetMSBuildPropertyGroup(spec, 'Configuration', properties)
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildLocalProperties(msbuild_toolset):
+  # Currently the only local property we support is PlatformToolset
+  properties = {}
+  if msbuild_toolset:
+    properties = [
+        ['PropertyGroup', {'Label': 'Locals'},
+          ['PlatformToolset', msbuild_toolset],
+        ]
+      ]
+  return properties
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildPropertySheets(configurations):
+  user_props = r'$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props'
+  additional_props = {}
+  props_specified = False
+  for name, settings in sorted(configurations.items()):
+    configuration = _GetConfigurationCondition(name, settings)
+    if 'msbuild_props' in settings:
+      additional_props[configuration] = _FixPaths(settings['msbuild_props'])
+      props_specified = True
+    else:
+     additional_props[configuration] = ''
+
+  if not props_specified:
+    return [
+        ['ImportGroup',
+         {'Label': 'PropertySheets'},
+         ['Import',
+          {'Project': user_props,
+           'Condition': "exists('%s')" % user_props,
+           'Label': 'LocalAppDataPlatform'
+          }
+         ]
+        ]
+    ]
+  else:
+    sheets = []
+    for condition, props in additional_props.items():
+      import_group = [
+        'ImportGroup',
+        {'Label': 'PropertySheets',
+         'Condition': condition
+        },
+        ['Import',
+         {'Project': user_props,
+          'Condition': "exists('%s')" % user_props,
+          'Label': 'LocalAppDataPlatform'
+         }
+        ]
+      ]
+      for props_file in props:
+        import_group.append(['Import', {'Project':props_file}])
+      sheets.append(import_group)
+    return sheets
+
+def _ConvertMSVSBuildAttributes(spec, config, build_file):
+  config_type = _GetMSVSConfigurationType(spec, build_file)
+  msvs_attributes = _GetMSVSAttributes(spec, config, config_type)
+  msbuild_attributes = {}
+  for a in msvs_attributes:
+    if a in ['IntermediateDirectory', 'OutputDirectory']:
+      directory = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(msvs_attributes[a])
+      if not directory.endswith('\\'):
+        directory += '\\'
+      msbuild_attributes[a] = directory
+    elif a == 'CharacterSet':
+      msbuild_attributes[a] = _ConvertMSVSCharacterSet(msvs_attributes[a])
+    elif a == 'ConfigurationType':
+      msbuild_attributes[a] = _ConvertMSVSConfigurationType(msvs_attributes[a])
+    else:
+      print('Warning: Do not know how to convert MSVS attribute ' + a)
+  return msbuild_attributes
+
+
+def _ConvertMSVSCharacterSet(char_set):
+  if char_set.isdigit():
+    char_set = {
+        '0': 'MultiByte',
+        '1': 'Unicode',
+        '2': 'MultiByte',
+    }[char_set]
+  return char_set
+
+
+def _ConvertMSVSConfigurationType(config_type):
+  if config_type.isdigit():
+    config_type = {
+        '1': 'Application',
+        '2': 'DynamicLibrary',
+        '4': 'StaticLibrary',
+        '10': 'Utility'
+    }[config_type]
+  return config_type
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildAttributes(spec, config, build_file):
+  if 'msbuild_configuration_attributes' not in config:
+    msbuild_attributes = _ConvertMSVSBuildAttributes(spec, config, build_file)
+
+  else:
+    config_type = _GetMSVSConfigurationType(spec, build_file)
+    config_type = _ConvertMSVSConfigurationType(config_type)
+    msbuild_attributes = config.get('msbuild_configuration_attributes', {})
+    msbuild_attributes.setdefault('ConfigurationType', config_type)
+    output_dir = msbuild_attributes.get('OutputDirectory',
+                                      '$(SolutionDir)$(Configuration)')
+    msbuild_attributes['OutputDirectory'] = _FixPath(output_dir) + '\\'
+    if 'IntermediateDirectory' not in msbuild_attributes:
+      intermediate = _FixPath('$(Configuration)') + '\\'
+      msbuild_attributes['IntermediateDirectory'] = intermediate
+    if 'CharacterSet' in msbuild_attributes:
+      msbuild_attributes['CharacterSet'] = _ConvertMSVSCharacterSet(
+          msbuild_attributes['CharacterSet'])
+  if 'TargetName' not in msbuild_attributes:
+    prefix = spec.get('product_prefix', '')
+    product_name = spec.get('product_name', '$(ProjectName)')
+    target_name = prefix + product_name
+    msbuild_attributes['TargetName'] = target_name
+  if 'TargetExt' not in msbuild_attributes and 'product_extension' in spec:
+    ext = spec.get('product_extension')
+    msbuild_attributes['TargetExt'] = '.' + ext
+
+  if spec.get('msvs_external_builder'):
+    external_out_dir = spec.get('msvs_external_builder_out_dir', '.')
+    msbuild_attributes['OutputDirectory'] = _FixPath(external_out_dir) + '\\'
+
+  # Make sure that 'TargetPath' matches 'Lib.OutputFile' or 'Link.OutputFile'
+  # (depending on the tool used) to avoid MSB8012 warning.
+  msbuild_tool_map = {
+      'executable': 'Link',
+      'shared_library': 'Link',
+      'loadable_module': 'Link',
+      'static_library': 'Lib',
+  }
+  msbuild_tool = msbuild_tool_map.get(spec['type'])
+  if msbuild_tool:
+    msbuild_settings = config['finalized_msbuild_settings']
+    out_file = msbuild_settings[msbuild_tool].get('OutputFile')
+    if out_file:
+      msbuild_attributes['TargetPath'] = _FixPath(out_file)
+    target_ext = msbuild_settings[msbuild_tool].get('TargetExt')
+    if target_ext:
+      msbuild_attributes['TargetExt'] = target_ext
+
+  return msbuild_attributes
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildConfigurationGlobalProperties(spec, configurations, build_file):
+  # TODO(jeanluc) We could optimize out the following and do it only if
+  # there are actions.
+  # TODO(jeanluc) Handle the equivalent of setting 'CYGWIN=nontsec'.
+  new_paths = []
+  cygwin_dirs = spec.get('msvs_cygwin_dirs', ['.'])[0]
+  if cygwin_dirs:
+    cyg_path = '$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\\%s\\bin\\' % _FixPath(cygwin_dirs)
+    new_paths.append(cyg_path)
+    # TODO(jeanluc) Change the convention to have both a cygwin_dir and a
+    # python_dir.
+    python_path = cyg_path.replace('cygwin\\bin', 'python_26')
+    new_paths.append(python_path)
+    if new_paths:
+      new_paths = '$(ExecutablePath);' + ';'.join(new_paths)
+
+  properties = {}
+  for (name, configuration) in sorted(configurations.items()):
+    condition = _GetConfigurationCondition(name, configuration)
+    attributes = _GetMSBuildAttributes(spec, configuration, build_file)
+    msbuild_settings = configuration['finalized_msbuild_settings']
+    _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, 'IntDir',
+                            attributes['IntermediateDirectory'])
+    _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, 'OutDir',
+                            attributes['OutputDirectory'])
+    _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, 'TargetName',
+                            attributes['TargetName'])
+    if 'TargetExt' in attributes:
+      _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, 'TargetExt',
+                              attributes['TargetExt'])
+
+    if attributes.get('TargetPath'):
+      _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, 'TargetPath',
+                              attributes['TargetPath'])
+    if attributes.get('TargetExt'):
+      _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, 'TargetExt',
+                              attributes['TargetExt'])
+
+    if new_paths:
+      _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, 'ExecutablePath',
+                              new_paths)
+    tool_settings = msbuild_settings.get('', {})
+    for name, value in sorted(tool_settings.items()):
+      formatted_value = _GetValueFormattedForMSBuild('', name, value)
+      _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, name, formatted_value)
+  return _GetMSBuildPropertyGroup(spec, None, properties)
+
+
+def _AddConditionalProperty(properties, condition, name, value):
+  """Adds a property / conditional value pair to a dictionary.
+
+  Arguments:
+    properties: The dictionary to be modified.  The key is the name of the
+        property.  The value is itself a dictionary; its key is the value and
+        the value a list of condition for which this value is true.
+    condition: The condition under which the named property has the value.
+    name: The name of the property.
+    value: The value of the property.
+  """
+  if name not in properties:
+    properties[name] = {}
+  values = properties[name]
+  if value not in values:
+    values[value] = []
+  conditions = values[value]
+  conditions.append(condition)
+
+
+# Regex for msvs variable references ( i.e. $(FOO) ).
+MSVS_VARIABLE_REFERENCE = re.compile(r'\$\(([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)\)')
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildPropertyGroup(spec, label, properties):
+  """Returns a PropertyGroup definition for the specified properties.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The target project dict.
+    label: An optional label for the PropertyGroup.
+    properties: The dictionary to be converted.  The key is the name of the
+        property.  The value is itself a dictionary; its key is the value and
+        the value a list of condition for which this value is true.
+  """
+  group = ['PropertyGroup']
+  if label:
+    group.append({'Label': label})
+  num_configurations = len(spec['configurations'])
+  def GetEdges(node):
+    # Use a definition of edges such that user_of_variable -> used_varible.
+    # This happens to be easier in this case, since a variable's
+    # definition contains all variables it references in a single string.
+    edges = set()
+    for value in sorted(properties[node].keys()):
+      # Add to edges all $(...) references to variables.
+      #
+      # Variable references that refer to names not in properties are excluded
+      # These can exist for instance to refer built in definitions like
+      # $(SolutionDir).
+      #
+      # Self references are ignored. Self reference is used in a few places to
+      # append to the default value. I.e. PATH=$(PATH);other_path
+      edges.update(set([v for v in MSVS_VARIABLE_REFERENCE.findall(value)
+                        if v in properties and v != node]))
+    return edges
+  properties_ordered = gyp.common.TopologicallySorted(
+      properties.keys(), GetEdges)
+  # Walk properties in the reverse of a topological sort on
+  # user_of_variable -> used_variable as this ensures variables are
+  # defined before they are used.
+  # NOTE: reverse(topsort(DAG)) = topsort(reverse_edges(DAG))
+  for name in reversed(properties_ordered):
+    values = properties[name]
+    for value, conditions in sorted(values.items()):
+      if len(conditions) == num_configurations:
+        # If the value is the same all configurations,
+        # just add one unconditional entry.
+        group.append([name, value])
+      else:
+        for condition in conditions:
+          group.append([name, {'Condition': condition}, value])
+  return [group]
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildToolSettingsSections(spec, configurations):
+  groups = []
+  for (name, configuration) in sorted(configurations.items()):
+    msbuild_settings = configuration['finalized_msbuild_settings']
+    group = ['ItemDefinitionGroup',
+             {'Condition': _GetConfigurationCondition(name, configuration)}
+            ]
+    for tool_name, tool_settings in sorted(msbuild_settings.items()):
+      # Skip the tool named '' which is a holder of global settings handled
+      # by _GetMSBuildConfigurationGlobalProperties.
+      if tool_name:
+        if tool_settings:
+          tool = [tool_name]
+          for name, value in sorted(tool_settings.items()):
+            formatted_value = _GetValueFormattedForMSBuild(tool_name, name,
+                                                           value)
+            tool.append([name, formatted_value])
+          group.append(tool)
+    groups.append(group)
+  return groups
+
+
+def _FinalizeMSBuildSettings(spec, configuration):
+  if 'msbuild_settings' in configuration:
+    converted = False
+    msbuild_settings = configuration['msbuild_settings']
+    MSVSSettings.ValidateMSBuildSettings(msbuild_settings)
+  else:
+    converted = True
+    msvs_settings = configuration.get('msvs_settings', {})
+    msbuild_settings = MSVSSettings.ConvertToMSBuildSettings(msvs_settings)
+  include_dirs, midl_include_dirs, resource_include_dirs = \
+      _GetIncludeDirs(configuration)
+  libraries = _GetLibraries(spec)
+  library_dirs = _GetLibraryDirs(configuration)
+  out_file, _, msbuild_tool = _GetOutputFilePathAndTool(spec, msbuild=True)
+  target_ext = _GetOutputTargetExt(spec)
+  defines = _GetDefines(configuration)
+  if converted:
+    # Visual Studio 2010 has TR1
+    defines = [d for d in defines if d != '_HAS_TR1=0']
+    # Warn of ignored settings
+    ignored_settings = ['msvs_tool_files']
+    for ignored_setting in ignored_settings:
+      value = configuration.get(ignored_setting)
+      if value:
+        print('Warning: The automatic conversion to MSBuild does not handle '
+               '%s.  Ignoring setting of %s' % (ignored_setting, str(value)))
+
+  defines = [_EscapeCppDefineForMSBuild(d) for d in defines]
+  disabled_warnings = _GetDisabledWarnings(configuration)
+  prebuild = configuration.get('msvs_prebuild')
+  postbuild = configuration.get('msvs_postbuild')
+  def_file = _GetModuleDefinition(spec)
+  precompiled_header = configuration.get('msvs_precompiled_header')
+
+  # Add the information to the appropriate tool
+  # TODO(jeanluc) We could optimize and generate these settings only if
+  # the corresponding files are found, e.g. don't generate ResourceCompile
+  # if you don't have any resources.
+  _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ClCompile',
+              'AdditionalIncludeDirectories', include_dirs)
+  _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'Midl',
+              'AdditionalIncludeDirectories', midl_include_dirs)
+  _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ResourceCompile',
+              'AdditionalIncludeDirectories', resource_include_dirs)
+  # Add in libraries, note that even for empty libraries, we want this
+  # set, to prevent inheriting default libraries from the environment.
+  _ToolSetOrAppend(msbuild_settings, 'Link', 'AdditionalDependencies',
+                  libraries)
+  _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'Link', 'AdditionalLibraryDirectories',
+              library_dirs)
+  if out_file:
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, msbuild_tool, 'OutputFile', out_file,
+                only_if_unset=True)
+  if target_ext:
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, msbuild_tool, 'TargetExt', target_ext,
+                only_if_unset=True)
+  # Add defines.
+  _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ClCompile',
+              'PreprocessorDefinitions', defines)
+  _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ResourceCompile',
+              'PreprocessorDefinitions', defines)
+  # Add disabled warnings.
+  _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ClCompile',
+              'DisableSpecificWarnings', disabled_warnings)
+  # Turn on precompiled headers if appropriate.
+  if precompiled_header:
+    precompiled_header = os.path.split(precompiled_header)[1]
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ClCompile', 'PrecompiledHeader', 'Use')
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ClCompile',
+                'PrecompiledHeaderFile', precompiled_header)
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ClCompile',
+                'ForcedIncludeFiles', [precompiled_header])
+  else:
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ClCompile', 'PrecompiledHeader', 'NotUsing')
+  # Turn off WinRT compilation
+  _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'ClCompile', 'CompileAsWinRT', 'false')
+  # Turn on import libraries if appropriate
+  if spec.get('msvs_requires_importlibrary'):
+   _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, '', 'IgnoreImportLibrary', 'false')
+  # Loadable modules don't generate import libraries;
+  # tell dependent projects to not expect one.
+  if spec['type'] == 'loadable_module':
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, '', 'IgnoreImportLibrary', 'true')
+  # Set the module definition file if any.
+  if def_file:
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'Link', 'ModuleDefinitionFile', def_file)
+  configuration['finalized_msbuild_settings'] = msbuild_settings
+  if prebuild:
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'PreBuildEvent', 'Command', prebuild)
+  if postbuild:
+    _ToolAppend(msbuild_settings, 'PostBuildEvent', 'Command', postbuild)
+
+
+def _GetValueFormattedForMSBuild(tool_name, name, value):
+  if type(value) == list:
+    # For some settings, VS2010 does not automatically extends the settings
+    # TODO(jeanluc) Is this what we want?
+    if name in ['AdditionalIncludeDirectories',
+                'AdditionalLibraryDirectories',
+                'AdditionalOptions',
+                'DelayLoadDLLs',
+                'DisableSpecificWarnings',
+                'PreprocessorDefinitions']:
+      value.append('%%(%s)' % name)
+    # For most tools, entries in a list should be separated with ';' but some
+    # settings use a space.  Check for those first.
+    exceptions = {
+        'ClCompile': ['AdditionalOptions'],
+        'Link': ['AdditionalOptions'],
+        'Lib': ['AdditionalOptions']}
+    if tool_name in exceptions and name in exceptions[tool_name]:
+      char = ' '
+    else:
+      char = ';'
+    formatted_value = char.join(
+        [MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(i) for i in value])
+  else:
+    formatted_value = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(value)
+  return formatted_value
+
+
+def _VerifySourcesExist(sources, root_dir):
+  """Verifies that all source files exist on disk.
+
+  Checks that all regular source files, i.e. not created at run time,
+  exist on disk.  Missing files cause needless recompilation but no otherwise
+  visible errors.
+
+  Arguments:
+    sources: A recursive list of Filter/file names.
+    root_dir: The root directory for the relative path names.
+  Returns:
+    A list of source files that cannot be found on disk.
+  """
+  missing_sources = []
+  for source in sources:
+    if isinstance(source, MSVSProject.Filter):
+      missing_sources.extend(_VerifySourcesExist(source.contents, root_dir))
+    else:
+      if '$' not in source:
+        full_path = os.path.join(root_dir, source)
+        if not os.path.exists(full_path):
+          missing_sources.append(full_path)
+  return missing_sources
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildSources(spec, sources, exclusions, rule_dependencies,
+                       extension_to_rule_name, actions_spec,
+                       sources_handled_by_action, list_excluded):
+  groups = ['none', 'masm', 'midl', 'include', 'compile', 'resource', 'rule',
+            'rule_dependency']
+  grouped_sources = {}
+  for g in groups:
+    grouped_sources[g] = []
+
+  _AddSources2(spec, sources, exclusions, grouped_sources,
+               rule_dependencies, extension_to_rule_name,
+               sources_handled_by_action, list_excluded)
+  sources = []
+  for g in groups:
+    if grouped_sources[g]:
+      sources.append(['ItemGroup'] + grouped_sources[g])
+  if actions_spec:
+    sources.append(['ItemGroup'] + actions_spec)
+  return sources
+
+
+def _AddSources2(spec, sources, exclusions, grouped_sources,
+                 rule_dependencies, extension_to_rule_name,
+                 sources_handled_by_action,
+                 list_excluded):
+  extensions_excluded_from_precompile = []
+  for source in sources:
+    if isinstance(source, MSVSProject.Filter):
+      _AddSources2(spec, source.contents, exclusions, grouped_sources,
+                   rule_dependencies, extension_to_rule_name,
+                   sources_handled_by_action,
+                   list_excluded)
+    else:
+      if not source in sources_handled_by_action:
+        detail = []
+        excluded_configurations = exclusions.get(source, [])
+        if len(excluded_configurations) == len(spec['configurations']):
+          detail.append(['ExcludedFromBuild', 'true'])
+        else:
+          for config_name, configuration in sorted(excluded_configurations):
+            condition = _GetConfigurationCondition(config_name, configuration)
+            detail.append(['ExcludedFromBuild',
+                           {'Condition': condition},
+                           'true'])
+        # Add precompile if needed
+        for config_name, configuration in spec['configurations'].items():
+          precompiled_source = configuration.get('msvs_precompiled_source', '')
+          if precompiled_source != '':
+            precompiled_source = _FixPath(precompiled_source)
+            if not extensions_excluded_from_precompile:
+              # If the precompiled header is generated by a C source, we must
+              # not try to use it for C++ sources, and vice versa.
+              basename, extension = os.path.splitext(precompiled_source)
+              if extension == '.c':
+                extensions_excluded_from_precompile = ['.cc', '.cpp', '.cxx']
+              else:
+                extensions_excluded_from_precompile = ['.c']
+
+          if precompiled_source == source:
+            condition = _GetConfigurationCondition(config_name, configuration)
+            detail.append(['PrecompiledHeader',
+                           {'Condition': condition},
+                           'Create'
+                          ])
+          else:
+            # Turn off precompiled header usage for source files of a
+            # different type than the file that generated the
+            # precompiled header.
+            for extension in extensions_excluded_from_precompile:
+              if source.endswith(extension):
+                detail.append(['PrecompiledHeader', ''])
+                detail.append(['ForcedIncludeFiles', ''])
+
+        group, element = _MapFileToMsBuildSourceType(source, rule_dependencies,
+                                                     extension_to_rule_name,
+                                                     _GetUniquePlatforms(spec))
+        grouped_sources[group].append([element, {'Include': source}] + detail)
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildProjectReferences(project):
+  references = []
+  if project.dependencies:
+    group = ['ItemGroup']
+    for dependency in project.dependencies:
+      guid = dependency.guid
+      project_dir = os.path.split(project.path)[0]
+      relative_path = gyp.common.RelativePath(dependency.path, project_dir)
+      project_ref = ['ProjectReference',
+          {'Include': relative_path},
+          ['Project', guid],
+          ['ReferenceOutputAssembly', 'false']
+          ]
+      for config in dependency.spec.get('configurations', {}).values():
+        if config.get('msvs_use_library_dependency_inputs', 0):
+          project_ref.append(['UseLibraryDependencyInputs', 'true'])
+          break
+        # If it's disabled in any config, turn it off in the reference.
+        if config.get('msvs_2010_disable_uldi_when_referenced', 0):
+          project_ref.append(['UseLibraryDependencyInputs', 'false'])
+          break
+      group.append(project_ref)
+    references.append(group)
+  return references
+
+
+def _GenerateMSBuildProject(project, options, version, generator_flags):
+  spec = project.spec
+  configurations = spec['configurations']
+  project_dir, project_file_name = os.path.split(project.path)
+  gyp.common.EnsureDirExists(project.path)
+  # Prepare list of sources and excluded sources.
+  gyp_path = _NormalizedSource(project.build_file)
+  relative_path_of_gyp_file = gyp.common.RelativePath(gyp_path, project_dir)
+
+  gyp_file = os.path.split(project.build_file)[1]
+  sources, excluded_sources = _PrepareListOfSources(spec, generator_flags,
+                                                    gyp_file)
+  # Add rules.
+  actions_to_add = {}
+  props_files_of_rules = set()
+  targets_files_of_rules = set()
+  rule_dependencies = set()
+  extension_to_rule_name = {}
+  list_excluded = generator_flags.get('msvs_list_excluded_files', True)
+
+  # Don't generate rules if we are using an external builder like ninja.
+  if not spec.get('msvs_external_builder'):
+    _GenerateRulesForMSBuild(project_dir, options, spec,
+                             sources, excluded_sources,
+                             props_files_of_rules, targets_files_of_rules,
+                             actions_to_add, rule_dependencies,
+                             extension_to_rule_name)
+  else:
+    rules = spec.get('rules', [])
+    _AdjustSourcesForRules(rules, sources, excluded_sources, True)
+
+  sources, excluded_sources, excluded_idl = (
+      _AdjustSourcesAndConvertToFilterHierarchy(spec, options,
+                                                project_dir, sources,
+                                                excluded_sources,
+                                                list_excluded, version))
+
+  # Don't add actions if we are using an external builder like ninja.
+  if not spec.get('msvs_external_builder'):
+    _AddActions(actions_to_add, spec, project.build_file)
+    _AddCopies(actions_to_add, spec)
+
+    # NOTE: this stanza must appear after all actions have been decided.
+    # Don't excluded sources with actions attached, or they won't run.
+    excluded_sources = _FilterActionsFromExcluded(
+        excluded_sources, actions_to_add)
+
+  exclusions = _GetExcludedFilesFromBuild(spec, excluded_sources, excluded_idl)
+  actions_spec, sources_handled_by_action = _GenerateActionsForMSBuild(
+      spec, actions_to_add)
+
+  _GenerateMSBuildFiltersFile(project.path + '.filters', sources,
+                              rule_dependencies,
+                              extension_to_rule_name, _GetUniquePlatforms(spec))
+  missing_sources = _VerifySourcesExist(sources, project_dir)
+
+  for configuration in configurations.values():
+    _FinalizeMSBuildSettings(spec, configuration)
+
+  # Add attributes to root element
+
+  import_default_section = [
+      ['Import', {'Project': r'$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props'}]]
+  import_cpp_props_section = [
+      ['Import', {'Project': r'$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props'}]]
+  import_cpp_targets_section = [
+      ['Import', {'Project': r'$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets'}]]
+  import_masm_props_section = [
+      ['Import',
+        {'Project': r'$(VCTargetsPath)\BuildCustomizations\masm.props'}]]
+  import_masm_targets_section = [
+      ['Import',
+        {'Project': r'$(VCTargetsPath)\BuildCustomizations\masm.targets'}]]
+  import_marmasm_props_section = [
+      ['Import',
+        {'Project': r'$(VCTargetsPath)\BuildCustomizations\marmasm.props'}]]
+  import_marmasm_targets_section = [
+      ['Import',
+        {'Project': r'$(VCTargetsPath)\BuildCustomizations\marmasm.targets'}]]
+  macro_section = [['PropertyGroup', {'Label': 'UserMacros'}]]
+
+  content = [
+      'Project',
+      {'xmlns': 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003',
+       'ToolsVersion': version.ProjectVersion(),
+       'DefaultTargets': 'Build'
+      }]
+
+  content += _GetMSBuildProjectConfigurations(configurations)
+  content += _GetMSBuildGlobalProperties(spec, project.guid, project_file_name)
+  content += import_default_section
+  content += _GetMSBuildConfigurationDetails(spec, project.build_file)
+  if spec.get('msvs_enable_winphone'):
+   content += _GetMSBuildLocalProperties('v120_wp81')
+  else:
+   content += _GetMSBuildLocalProperties(project.msbuild_toolset)
+  content += import_cpp_props_section
+  content += import_masm_props_section
+  if spec.get('msvs_enable_marmasm'):
+    content += import_marmasm_props_section
+  content += _GetMSBuildExtensions(props_files_of_rules)
+  content += _GetMSBuildPropertySheets(configurations)
+  content += macro_section
+  content += _GetMSBuildConfigurationGlobalProperties(spec, configurations,
+                                                      project.build_file)
+  content += _GetMSBuildToolSettingsSections(spec, configurations)
+  content += _GetMSBuildSources(
+      spec, sources, exclusions, rule_dependencies, extension_to_rule_name,
+      actions_spec, sources_handled_by_action, list_excluded)
+  content += _GetMSBuildProjectReferences(project)
+  content += import_cpp_targets_section
+  content += import_masm_targets_section
+  if spec.get('msvs_enable_marmasm'):
+    content += import_marmasm_targets_section
+  content += _GetMSBuildExtensionTargets(targets_files_of_rules)
+
+  if spec.get('msvs_external_builder'):
+    content += _GetMSBuildExternalBuilderTargets(spec)
+
+  # TODO(jeanluc) File a bug to get rid of runas.  We had in MSVS:
+  # has_run_as = _WriteMSVSUserFile(project.path, version, spec)
+
+  easy_xml.WriteXmlIfChanged(content, project.path, pretty=True, win32=True)
+
+  return missing_sources
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildExternalBuilderTargets(spec):
+  """Return a list of MSBuild targets for external builders.
+
+  The "Build" and "Clean" targets are always generated.  If the spec contains
+  'msvs_external_builder_clcompile_cmd', then the "ClCompile" target will also
+  be generated, to support building selected C/C++ files.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: The gyp target spec.
+  Returns:
+    List of MSBuild 'Target' specs.
+  """
+  build_cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(
+      spec, spec['msvs_external_builder_build_cmd'],
+      False, False, False, False)
+  build_target = ['Target', {'Name': 'Build'}]
+  build_target.append(['Exec', {'Command': build_cmd}])
+
+  clean_cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(
+      spec, spec['msvs_external_builder_clean_cmd'],
+      False, False, False, False)
+  clean_target = ['Target', {'Name': 'Clean'}]
+  clean_target.append(['Exec', {'Command': clean_cmd}])
+
+  targets = [build_target, clean_target]
+
+  if spec.get('msvs_external_builder_clcompile_cmd'):
+    clcompile_cmd = _BuildCommandLineForRuleRaw(
+        spec, spec['msvs_external_builder_clcompile_cmd'],
+        False, False, False, False)
+    clcompile_target = ['Target', {'Name': 'ClCompile'}]
+    clcompile_target.append(['Exec', {'Command': clcompile_cmd}])
+    targets.append(clcompile_target)
+
+  return targets
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildExtensions(props_files_of_rules):
+  extensions = ['ImportGroup', {'Label': 'ExtensionSettings'}]
+  for props_file in props_files_of_rules:
+    extensions.append(['Import', {'Project': props_file}])
+  return [extensions]
+
+
+def _GetMSBuildExtensionTargets(targets_files_of_rules):
+  targets_node = ['ImportGroup', {'Label': 'ExtensionTargets'}]
+  for targets_file in sorted(targets_files_of_rules):
+    targets_node.append(['Import', {'Project': targets_file}])
+  return [targets_node]
+
+
+def _GenerateActionsForMSBuild(spec, actions_to_add):
+  """Add actions accumulated into an actions_to_add, merging as needed.
+
+  Arguments:
+    spec: the target project dict
+    actions_to_add: dictionary keyed on input name, which maps to a list of
+        dicts describing the actions attached to that input file.
+
+  Returns:
+    A pair of (action specification, the sources handled by this action).
+  """
+  sources_handled_by_action = OrderedSet()
+  actions_spec = []
+  for primary_input, actions in actions_to_add.items():
+    inputs = OrderedSet()
+    outputs = OrderedSet()
+    descriptions = []
+    commands = []
+    for action in actions:
+      inputs.update(OrderedSet(action['inputs']))
+      outputs.update(OrderedSet(action['outputs']))
+      descriptions.append(action['description'])
+      cmd = action['command']
+      # For most actions, add 'call' so that actions that invoke batch files
+      # return and continue executing.  msbuild_use_call provides a way to
+      # disable this but I have not seen any adverse effect from doing that
+      # for everything.
+      if action.get('msbuild_use_call', True):
+        cmd = 'call ' + cmd
+      commands.append(cmd)
+    # Add the custom build action for one input file.
+    description = ', and also '.join(descriptions)
+
+    # We can't join the commands simply with && because the command line will
+    # get too long. See also _AddActions: cygwin's setup_env mustn't be called
+    # for every invocation or the command that sets the PATH will grow too
+    # long.
+    command = '\r\n'.join([c + '\r\nif %errorlevel% neq 0 exit /b %errorlevel%'
+                           for c in commands])
+    _AddMSBuildAction(spec,
+                      primary_input,
+                      inputs,
+                      outputs,
+                      command,
+                      description,
+                      sources_handled_by_action,
+                      actions_spec)
+  return actions_spec, sources_handled_by_action
+
+
+def _AddMSBuildAction(spec, primary_input, inputs, outputs, cmd, description,
+                      sources_handled_by_action, actions_spec):
+  command = MSVSSettings.ConvertVCMacrosToMSBuild(cmd)
+  primary_input = _FixPath(primary_input)
+  inputs_array = _FixPaths(inputs)
+  outputs_array = _FixPaths(outputs)
+  additional_inputs = ';'.join([i for i in inputs_array
+                                if i != primary_input])
+  outputs = ';'.join(outputs_array)
+  sources_handled_by_action.add(primary_input)
+  action_spec = ['CustomBuild', {'Include': primary_input}]
+  action_spec.extend(
+      # TODO(jeanluc) 'Document' for all or just if as_sources?
+      [['FileType', 'Document'],
+       ['Command', command],
+       ['Message', description],
+       ['Outputs', outputs]
+      ])
+  if additional_inputs:
+    action_spec.append(['AdditionalInputs', additional_inputs])
+  actions_spec.append(action_spec)