sparkforensics-server 0.2.0 → 0.2.3

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
Files changed (288) hide show
  1. package/index.js +1 -1
  2. package/lib/static-files.js +5 -4
  3. package/package.json +4 -3
  4. package/public/assets/AutoscalingChurn-Bf5TN-s_.js +1 -0
  5. package/public/assets/CacheUtilization-DRf_FNrK.js +1 -0
  6. package/public/assets/CachingOpportunity-BTJzIhtI.js +1 -0
  7. package/public/assets/ColdStart-DnFgnD3n.js +1 -0
  8. package/public/assets/ConfigAudit-B5FsOdmu.js +1 -0
  9. package/public/assets/CoreUsageArea-CTksBPuq.js +1 -0
  10. package/public/assets/Dashboard-BFMsMuc_.js +1 -0
  11. package/public/assets/DuplicatePlanSubtree-BCt-Guuh.js +1 -0
  12. package/public/assets/DurationHistogram-xRcnND4k.js +1 -0
  13. package/public/assets/EmptyState-CnTrSjtU.js +1 -0
  14. package/public/assets/ExecutorUtilization-CP21XlUq.js +1 -0
  15. package/public/assets/GcPressure-BoEJsLjb.js +1 -0
  16. package/public/assets/ImpactEstimate-BHcqJkcZ.js +1 -0
  17. package/public/assets/IncompleteRun-b9FWrOHn.js +1 -0
  18. package/public/assets/JobFailures-C5FkTq3O.js +1 -0
  19. package/public/assets/MemoryUtilization-D2W4AB_f.js +1 -0
  20. package/public/assets/OverBroadcast-Btu3xorf.js +1 -0
  21. package/public/assets/PartitionSizing-yZWhLN0e.js +1 -0
  22. package/public/assets/PlanExplorer-DSk1ivS4.js +1 -0
  23. package/public/assets/PlanGraphRoute-C3iOzUdB.js +1 -0
  24. package/public/assets/RetryWaste-B4436kr1.js +1 -0
  25. package/public/assets/RowPagination-oeWB8gBm.js +1 -0
  26. package/public/assets/ShuffleIO-DUiv8EJe.js +1 -0
  27. package/public/assets/Skew-D2lB1oQc.js +1 -0
  28. package/public/assets/SlowHost-Qb_8aa-W.js +1 -0
  29. package/public/assets/SmallFiles-u6suTgfj.js +1 -0
  30. package/public/assets/SpeculationWaste-vUCniiFP.js +1 -0
  31. package/public/assets/Spill-BskXFX2e.js +1 -0
  32. package/public/assets/StageFailed-D9b83Jvy.js +1 -0
  33. package/public/assets/StageFindingGroup-DagqHOUz.js +1 -0
  34. package/public/assets/StageHeader-DibMSunO.js +1 -0
  35. package/public/assets/StagePill-Dt6V9yVw.js +1 -0
  36. package/public/assets/StageShape-CfdrDUZa.js +1 -0
  37. package/public/assets/StageSlowness-BoGLIYKR.js +1 -0
  38. package/public/assets/Straggler-DU1WSU-m.js +1 -0
  39. package/public/assets/TaskFailures-DkY6zBNJ.js +1 -0
  40. package/public/assets/TinyTask-Lsnt5mJF.js +1 -0
  41. package/public/assets/UnderBroadcast-DxHc0lwy.js +1 -0
  42. package/public/assets/WidgetLeadSummary-BdUUi7L5.js +1 -0
  43. package/public/assets/charts-vendor-0VMaLVLN.js +59 -0
  44. package/public/assets/downsample-WmNM1qc9.js +1 -0
  45. package/public/assets/finding-anchor-Bl1hRK5E.js +1 -0
  46. package/public/assets/impact-sort-DxaUheWV.js +1 -0
  47. package/public/assets/inbox-DHIFHqcn.js +1 -0
  48. package/public/assets/index-CjVklAdW.css +2 -0
  49. package/public/assets/index-U654cmB8.js +9 -0
  50. package/public/assets/parser-worker-5a9aUx3o.js +115 -0
  51. package/public/assets/plan-graph-vendor-B0sEms9Z.js +7 -0
  52. package/public/assets/plan-graph-vendor-DLioOiRN.css +1 -0
  53. package/public/assets/react-vendor-D2TLlSzI.js +9 -0
  54. package/public/assets/rolldown-runtime-hePW80VL.js +1 -0
  55. package/public/assets/select-CtKaJ5Hx.js +1 -0
  56. package/public/assets/toggle-group-DB2VfFIx.js +1 -0
  57. package/public/assets/usePagedRows-jNUWgVTD.js +1 -0
  58. package/public/assets/useRecentFiles-BiYdWs8J.js +11 -0
  59. package/public/assets/useSortMode-BhPky1lW.js +1 -0
  60. package/public/docs/404.html +3 -3
  61. package/public/docs/assets/{app.BgzsaTS3.js → app.BczRxXPr.js} +1 -1
  62. package/public/docs/assets/chunks/@localSearchIndexroot.c2HfrwDg.js +1 -0
  63. package/public/docs/assets/chunks/{VPLocalSearchBox.DOq3t-On.js → VPLocalSearchBox.DXvkTVnC.js} +1 -1
  64. package/public/docs/assets/chunks/theme.ByUdwrLG.js +2 -0
  65. package/public/docs/assets/contributor-guide_architecture_board-widgets.md.9ToZXcTk.js +1 -0
  66. package/public/docs/assets/contributor-guide_architecture_board-widgets.md.9ToZXcTk.lean.js +1 -0
  67. package/public/docs/assets/contributor-guide_architecture_detector-contract.md.B1vUqtry.js +1 -0
  68. package/public/docs/assets/{contributor-guide_architecture_detector-contract.md.BOeH4d1J.lean.js → contributor-guide_architecture_detector-contract.md.B1vUqtry.lean.js} +1 -1
  69. package/public/docs/assets/{contributor-guide_architecture_drill-down.md.BtPdlM7r.js → contributor-guide_architecture_drill-down.md.Bawx6NgP.js} +1 -1
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  72. package/public/docs/assets/{contributor-guide_architecture_overview.md.CehiRmGn.js → contributor-guide_architecture_overview.md.DkXdJ9jE.js} +1 -1
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  76. package/public/docs/assets/contributor-guide_architecture_widget-rendering.md.DYwFeyjV.js +1 -0
  77. package/public/docs/assets/contributor-guide_architecture_worker-protocol.md.C0SovZX8.js +6 -0
  78. package/public/docs/assets/{contributor-guide_architecture_worker-protocol.md.B93qJ_tT.lean.js → contributor-guide_architecture_worker-protocol.md.C0SovZX8.lean.js} +1 -1
  79. package/public/docs/assets/{contributor-guide_development-setup.md.DvAN_9mK.js → contributor-guide_development-setup.md.DvMV1xhQ.js} +3 -3
  80. package/public/docs/assets/contributor-guide_development-setup.md.DvMV1xhQ.lean.js +1 -0
  81. package/public/docs/assets/{contributor-guide_testing.md.6rIKqSyY.js → contributor-guide_testing.md.BohuQWvl.js} +1 -1
  82. package/public/docs/assets/{contributor-guide_testing.md.6rIKqSyY.lean.js → contributor-guide_testing.md.BohuQWvl.lean.js} +1 -1
  83. package/public/docs/assets/{style.DXOMCXxn.css → style.DSixAiZE.css} +1 -1
  84. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-failures.md.4z5BXGJ2.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-failures.md.CAsFf3RR.js} +1 -1
  85. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-gc.md.DSxzZRK7.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-gc.md.B4T3kJYV.js} +2 -2
  86. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-gc.md.DSxzZRK7.lean.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-gc.md.B4T3kJYV.lean.js} +1 -1
  87. package/public/docs/assets/tuning-reference_bottleneck-shuffle.md.DDMQVOW6.js +12 -0
  88. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-shuffle.md.CM-nTmIH.lean.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-shuffle.md.DDMQVOW6.lean.js} +1 -1
  89. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-skew.md.BdUwiDhn.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-skew.md.B0MzhWcX.js} +4 -4
  90. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-skew.md.BdUwiDhn.lean.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-skew.md.B0MzhWcX.lean.js} +1 -1
  91. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-small-files.md.B8kloyx8.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-small-files.md.DHGMTmPs.js} +2 -2
  92. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-small-files.md.B8kloyx8.lean.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-small-files.md.DHGMTmPs.lean.js} +1 -1
  93. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-straggler.md.DY36fHN5.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-straggler.md.DIbXdAcQ.js} +2 -2
  94. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-straggler.md.DY36fHN5.lean.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-straggler.md.DIbXdAcQ.lean.js} +1 -1
  95. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_bottleneck-tiny-tasks.md.QTV7O8kU.js → tuning-reference_bottleneck-tiny-tasks.md.CB05v3zh.js} +1 -1
  96. package/public/docs/assets/tuning-reference_bottleneck-utilization.md.DqC_iGkw.js +5 -0
  97. package/public/docs/assets/tuning-reference_bottleneck-utilization.md.DqC_iGkw.lean.js +1 -0
  98. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_cluster-config.md.ZVmDGsQ3.js → tuning-reference_cluster-config.md.CD6vzYtD.js} +1 -1
  99. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_cluster-config.md.ZVmDGsQ3.lean.js → tuning-reference_cluster-config.md.CD6vzYtD.lean.js} +1 -1
  100. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_memory-model.md.DhT-n4y3.js → tuning-reference_memory-model.md.CWhvgevP.js} +1 -1
  101. package/public/docs/assets/{tuning-reference_memory-model.md.DhT-n4y3.lean.js → tuning-reference_memory-model.md.CWhvgevP.lean.js} +1 -1
  102. package/public/docs/assets/{user-guide_alternative-log-retrieval.md.sU3KGarf.js → user-guide_alternative-log-retrieval.md.B4tPGIal.js} +1 -1
  103. package/public/docs/assets/{user-guide_alternative-log-retrieval.md.sU3KGarf.lean.js → user-guide_alternative-log-retrieval.md.B4tPGIal.lean.js} +1 -1
  104. package/public/docs/assets/user-guide_getting-started.md.BJvwLEIM.js +3 -0
  105. package/public/docs/assets/user-guide_getting-started.md.BJvwLEIM.lean.js +1 -0
  106. package/public/docs/assets/{user-guide_mcp-tools.md.C8MiIu7F.js → user-guide_mcp-tools.md.DGvolGzt.js} +4 -4
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  108. package/public/docs/assets/user-guide_run-comparison.md.CQc1aoU8.js +1 -0
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  110. package/public/docs/assets/user-guide_understanding-findings.md.B29f0ucS.js +1 -0
  111. package/public/docs/assets/user-guide_understanding-findings.md.B29f0ucS.lean.js +1 -0
  112. package/public/docs/contributor-guide/architecture/board-widgets.html +6 -6
  113. package/public/docs/contributor-guide/architecture/detector-contract.html +6 -6
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  116. package/public/docs/contributor-guide/architecture/index.html +4 -4
  117. package/public/docs/contributor-guide/architecture/overview.html +6 -6
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  121. package/public/docs/contributor-guide/contributing.html +4 -4
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  124. package/public/docs/hashmap.json +1 -1
  125. package/public/docs/index.html +4 -4
  126. package/public/docs/tuning-reference/anti-patterns.html +4 -4
  127. package/public/docs/tuning-reference/aqe.html +4 -4
  128. package/public/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-broadcast-sizing.html +4 -4
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  145. package/public/docs/tuning-reference/cluster-config.html +6 -6
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href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-duplicate-plan-subtree.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Duplicate Plan Subtree</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-small-files.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Small Files</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-broadcast-sizing.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Broadcast Sizing</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0" data-v-c40bc020 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data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _docs_tuning-reference_bottleneck-retry-waste" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="bottleneck-retry-waste" tabindex="-1">Retry Waste <a class="header-anchor" href="#bottleneck-retry-waste" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Retry Waste {#bottleneck-retry-waste}&quot;">​</a></h1><p><span class="tag">RETRY</span></p><h2 id="what-it-is" tabindex="-1">What it is <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-it-is" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;What it is&quot;">​</a></h2><p>When a task attempt is superseded by a later retry, every bit of executor time the abandoned attempt spent counts for nothing. Every attempt, successful or not, accrues the standard task metrics: <code>executorRunTime</code> (&quot;elapsed time the executor spent running this task,&quot; including time fetching shuffle data) and <code>executorCpuTime</code><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">[1]</a></sup>, but only the winning attempt&#39;s output survives. The TaskScheduler is what triggers the do-over: &quot;if an executor dies or a task throws an exception, the TaskScheduler resubmits the task to another executor, respecting Spark&#39;s task locality preferences&quot;<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">[2]</a></sup>. Whatever the discarded attempt had already run is gone; none of it carries forward into the job&#39;s result.</p><img class="light-only" src="/docs/assets/retry-escalation-ladder.DyTKJJmZ.svg" alt="Where a superseded retry sits in the escalation ladder, below the stage and application budgets that a job crosses only when the same failures keep recurring."><img class="dark-only" src="/docs/assets/retry-escalation-ladder.dark.BdsabtU3.svg" alt="Where a superseded retry sits in the escalation ladder, below the stage and application budgets that a job crosses only when the same failures keep recurring."><h2 id="how-it-s-detected" tabindex="-1">How it&#39;s detected <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-s-detected" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How it&#39;s detected&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A stage&#39;s superseded task attempts are the signal: a later retry supersedes an earlier attempt after <a href="./bottleneck-failures.html">an executor is lost</a> (<code>ExecutorLostFailure</code>) or after a shuffle <code>FetchFailed</code>, since &quot;if an executor dies or a task throws an exception, the TaskScheduler resubmits the task to another executor, respecting Spark&#39;s task locality preferences&quot;<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:1">[2:1]</a></sup>. Because only the winning attempt&#39;s output survives, the abandoned attempt&#39;s <code>executorRunTime</code> (the elapsed executor time defined above) is the wasted time.</p><p>The two causes are handled differently by Spark&#39;s own machinery, which is how they can be told apart after the fact. An <code>ExecutorLostFailure</code> removes the executor (and any shuffle map output it had already written) from the pool outright<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3">[3]</a></sup>. A shuffle <code>FetchFailed</code>, by contrast, is a read-side failure against a still-alive remote executor, and Spark&#39;s own exclusion machinery treats it as a distinct category from a general executor loss: <code>spark.excludeOnFailure.killExcludedExecutors</code> governs whether Spark kills executors &quot;excluded on fetch failure or excluded for the entire application&quot;<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4">[4]</a></sup>, a separate bucket from executor loss in Spark&#39;s accounting. That distinction (executor-loss bucket vs. fetch-failure bucket) is the basis for identifying which cause dominated a given stage&#39;s retry waste.</p><h2 id="why-it-matters" tabindex="-1">Why it matters <a class="header-anchor" href="#why-it-matters" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Why it matters&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A lost executor can waste more than just the in-flight task&#39;s time: &quot;dynamic allocation may remove an executor before the shuffle completes, in which case the shuffle files written by that executor must be recomputed unnecessarily&quot;<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3:1">[3:1]</a></sup>, so prior map-output work from that same executor may need redoing too. A <code>FetchFailed</code> doesn&#39;t carry that same risk, since the remote executor stays alive and only the one failed read is lost<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4:1">[4:1]</a></sup>.</p><h2 id="how-to-fix-it" tabindex="-1">How to fix it <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-fix-it" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How to fix it&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>Check the retried-attempt count and accumulated <code>executorRunTime</code>/<code>executorCpuTime</code> on the abandoned attempts directly, rather than trusting the stage&#39;s final wall-clock duration: a clean-looking stage can still be hiding significant wasted compute<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:1">[1:1]</a></sup>.</li><li>If the dominant cause is executor loss, investigate node-level stability (OOM-kills, node death, aggressive dynamic-allocation deallocation) rather than the task logic itself, since the lost executor&#39;s prior shuffle-write work may also need recomputing<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3:2">[3:2]</a></sup>.</li><li>If the dominant cause is <code>FetchFailed</code>, check whether <code>spark.excludeOnFailure.killExcludedExecutors</code> is causing repeated exclusion churn on otherwise-live executors, and treat it separately from outright executor loss<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4:2">[4:2]</a></sup>.</li><li>See also <a href="./bottleneck-job-failure-rate.html">job failure rate</a>: retry waste can pile up quietly on a job that ultimately succeeds, while the same underlying causes (exhausted at a higher threshold) are what push a job to fail outright.</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>PySpark:</strong> there&#39;s no attempt-level API to recover a discarded attempt&#39;s <code>executorRunTime</code>: pull it from the event log or history server UI&#39;s per-stage task list, filtering for tasks whose attempt number is greater than zero.</p></blockquote><p>The preventive lever: keep an executor&#39;s shuffle output available if it is lost, so retries don&#39;t recompute prior map work<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn5" id="fnref5">[5]</a></sup>:</p><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.dynamicAllocation.shuffleTracking.enabled</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="limitations-false-positive-risk" tabindex="-1">Limitations / false-positive risk <a class="header-anchor" href="#limitations-false-positive-risk" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Limitations / false-positive risk&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Some retry waste is unavoidable: transient cluster faults will always cost a few superseded attempts, and no tuning drives that to zero. The metric attributes burned executor time to the abandoned attempts, so its accuracy tracks the failure cause. When a lost executor also forces recompute of prior map output, the per-attempt <code>executorRunTime</code> undercounts the true cost; when an attempt fails almost immediately, it overcounts the compute actually lost. Read the number as a directional signal, not an exact ledger.</p><h2 id="related" tabindex="-1">Related <a class="header-anchor" href="#related" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Related&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><strong>Shuffle recompute on executor loss:</strong> <a href="./shuffle.html">Shuffle</a></li><li><strong>Executor stability &amp; dynamic allocation:</strong> <a href="./cluster-config.html">Cluster Tuning</a></li></ul><hr class="footnotes-sep"><section class="footnotes"><ol class="footnotes-list"><li id="fn1" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/monitoring.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Monitoring and Instrumentation</a> <a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn2" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://luminousmen.com/post/spark-anatomy-of-spark-application" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Spark: Anatomy of Spark Application</a> <a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref2:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn3" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/job-scheduling.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Job Scheduling (Spark)</a> <a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref3:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref3:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn4" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/configuration.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Configuration (Spark)</a> <a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref4:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref4:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn5" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/configuration.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Configuration (Spark)</a> <a href="#fnref5" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li></ol></section></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><!----><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-straggler.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Stragglers</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-tiny-tasks.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Tiny Tasks</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><!----><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Shuffle I/O</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-spill.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Memory / Disk Spill</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-gc.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>GC Pressure</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-cold-start.html" 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data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _docs_tuning-reference_bottleneck-shuffle" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="bottleneck-shuffle" tabindex="-1">Shuffle I/O <a class="header-anchor" href="#bottleneck-shuffle" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Shuffle I/O {#bottleneck-shuffle}&quot;">​</a></h1><p><span class="tag">SHFL</span></p><h2 id="what-it-is" tabindex="-1">What it is <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-it-is" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;What it is&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Shuffle I/O is the data movement Spark performs between stages whenever an operation needs to redistribute data across the cluster so that related rows land on the same partition. At the DataFrame/SQL level, <code>groupBy()</code>, <code>join()</code>, <code>agg()</code>, <code>sortBy()</code>, and <code>reduceByKey()</code>-style aggregations are the classic wide transformations that force this exchange<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">[1]</a></sup>. Non-broadcast join strategies (shuffle hash join, shuffle sort-merge join, and shuffle-and-replicated nested loop / Cartesian product join) all shuffle data across executors the same way<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:1">[1:1]</a></sup>. At the RDD layer, the operations that can cause a shuffle are repartitioning (<code>repartition</code>, <code>coalesce</code>), <code>&#39;ByKey</code> operations other than counting (<code>groupByKey</code>, <code>reduceByKey</code>), and join-family operations (<code>cogroup</code>, <code>join</code>)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">[2]</a></sup>.</p><p>Spark can skip the shuffle when it already knows the data layout: Storage Partition Join avoids it entirely when Spark can use partitioning already reported by a compatible V2 data source<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3">[3]</a></sup>, and classic Hive-style bucketing has the same effect: once both sides of a join are bucketed and sorted the same way, the physical plan shows no <code>Exchange</code> operator<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4">[4]</a></sup>. <code>DataFrameWriter.partitionBy</code>, by contrast, does not trigger a shuffle by itself on write<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn5" id="fnref5">[5]</a></sup>.</p><p>At the metrics level, shuffle reads split cross-node traffic from same-host traffic: <code>remoteBytesRead</code> counts bytes read from a remote executor, <code>localBytesRead</code> counts bytes read from local disk, and <code>totalBytesRead</code> is their sum<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6">[6]</a></sup>.</p><h2 id="how-it-s-detected" tabindex="-1">How it&#39;s detected <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-s-detected" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How it&#39;s detected&quot;">​</a></h2><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>Shuffle read/write bytes</th><th>Level</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt; 50 MB</td><td>Info</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 500 MB</td><td>Warning</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 1 GB</td><td>Critical</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Beyond raw byte volume, the executor-side wait is captured by <code>fetchWaitTime</code>: time a task spends blocked on a remote shuffle block it needs next, not counting time spent prefetching other blocks in the background<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6:1">[6:1]</a></sup>. That wait time counts toward the task&#39;s overall <code>executorRunTime</code>, since Spark&#39;s wall-clock task-time metric explicitly includes time fetching shuffle data<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6:2">[6:2]</a></sup>.</p><h2 id="why-it-matters" tabindex="-1">Why it matters <a class="header-anchor" href="#why-it-matters" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Why it matters&quot;">​</a></h2><p>As shuffle volume grows, the underlying pull-based mechanism gets less efficient: the number of shuffle blocks grows quadratically with mapper × reducer count while individual block sizes shrink to only tens of KB, which is inefficient for disk-backed random reads<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn7" id="fnref7">[7]</a></sup>. Because fetch-wait time is part of a task&#39;s measured execution window, that inefficiency shows up directly as added task time rather than as separate, hidden overhead<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6:3">[6:3]</a></sup>.</p><h2 id="how-to-fix-it" tabindex="-1">How to fix it <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-fix-it" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How to fix it&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>Let <a href="./aqe.html">Adaptive Query Execution</a> coalesce small post-shuffle partitions automatically at runtime (<code>spark.sql.adaptive.coalescePartitions.enabled</code>, default <code>true</code>) instead of only hand-tuning a fixed partition count<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3:1">[3:1]</a></sup>.</li><li>Review <code>spark.sql.shuffle.partitions</code> (default <code>200</code>), which applies uniformly to every <code>join()</code>, <code>groupBy()</code>, and aggregation regardless of how much data is actually moving<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn8" id="fnref8">[8]</a></sup>. There&#39;s no fixed formula for the right value: pull it down toward the executor core count for small or streaming workloads<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:2">[1:2]</a></sup>, and otherwise favor over- to under-provisioning, since Spark&#39;s low per-task overhead makes it safer to have too many tasks than too few<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn9" id="fnref9">[9]</a></sup>.</li><li>Where possible, avoid the shuffle altogether: bucket both sides of a join identically, or rely on Storage Partition Join for compatible sources, so the physical plan drops the <code>Exchange</code> node<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3:2">[3:2]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4:1">[4:1]</a></sup>.</li><li>If map tasks are I/O-bound writing many shuffle files, increase <code>spark.shuffle.file.buffer</code> (default <code>32k</code>) to reduce disk seeks and system calls on the write side<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn8" id="fnref8:1">[8:1]</a></sup>; Learning Spark&#39;s tuning table recommends bumping it to 1 MB for large jobs<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:3">[1:3]</a></sup>.</li><li>If executors have memory to spare, increase <code>spark.reducer.maxSizeInFlight</code> (default <code>48m</code>) so reducers can pull more map output concurrently and need fewer fetch rounds<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn8" id="fnref8:2">[8:2]</a></sup>.</li><li>At larger scale, enable the external shuffle service (effectively required for <a href="./cluster-config.html">dynamic allocation</a>, since it lets shuffle files be served after an executor is removed<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn10" id="fnref10">[10]</a></sup>) and consider push-based (Magnet) shuffle, which converts many small random reads into large sequential reads of pre-merged chunks<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn7" id="fnref7:1">[7:1]</a></sup>.</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>PySpark:</strong> adjust the shuffle partition count directly from a running session with <code>spark.conf.set(&quot;spark.sql.shuffle.partitions&quot;, 100)</code>.</p></blockquote><p>A shuffle-tuning starting point: defaults shown, comments say which way to move:</p><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># Let AQE coalesce small post-shuffle partitions at runtime</span></span>
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class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Getting Started</h2><!----></div><div class="items" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/intro.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Introduction</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Optimization Guide</h2><!----></div><div class="items" 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data-v-b3fd67f8>Partitioning</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/joins.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Join Optimization</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/shuffle.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Shuffle</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/data-formats.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Data Formats</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/table-formats.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Table Formats</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/caching.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Caching & Persistence</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/pyspark.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>PySpark Specifics</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/aqe.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Adaptive Query Execution</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/cluster-config.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Cluster Tuning</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/anti-patterns.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Anti-Patterns</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 has-active" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Detector Catalog</h2><!----></div><div class="items" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-skew.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Task Skew</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-shuffle.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Shuffle I/O</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-spill.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Memory / Disk Spill</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-gc.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>GC Pressure</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-cold-start.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Cold Start</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-utilization.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Executor Utilization</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-slow-host.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Slow Host</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-failures.html" 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data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _docs_tuning-reference_bottleneck-shuffle" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="bottleneck-shuffle" tabindex="-1">Shuffle I/O <a class="header-anchor" href="#bottleneck-shuffle" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Shuffle I/O {#bottleneck-shuffle}&quot;">​</a></h1><p><span class="tag">SHFL</span></p><h2 id="what-it-is" tabindex="-1">What it is <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-it-is" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;What it is&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Shuffle I/O is the data movement Spark performs between stages whenever an operation needs to redistribute data across the cluster so that related rows land on the same partition. At the DataFrame/SQL level, <code>groupBy()</code>, <code>join()</code>, <code>agg()</code>, <code>sortBy()</code>, and <code>reduceByKey()</code>-style aggregations are the classic wide transformations that force this exchange<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">[1]</a></sup>. Non-broadcast join strategies (shuffle hash join, shuffle sort-merge join, and shuffle-and-replicated nested loop / Cartesian product join) all shuffle data across executors the same way<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:1">[1:1]</a></sup>. At the RDD layer, the operations that can cause a shuffle are repartitioning (<code>repartition</code>, <code>coalesce</code>), <code>&#39;ByKey</code> operations other than counting (<code>groupByKey</code>, <code>reduceByKey</code>), and join-family operations (<code>cogroup</code>, <code>join</code>)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">[2]</a></sup>.</p><p>Spark can skip the shuffle when it already knows the data layout: Storage Partition Join avoids it entirely when Spark can use partitioning already reported by a compatible V2 data source<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3">[3]</a></sup>, and classic Hive-style bucketing has the same effect: once both sides of a join are bucketed and sorted the same way, the physical plan shows no <code>Exchange</code> operator<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4">[4]</a></sup>. <code>DataFrameWriter.partitionBy</code>, by contrast, does not trigger a shuffle by itself on write<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn5" id="fnref5">[5]</a></sup>.</p><p>At the metrics level, shuffle reads split cross-node traffic from same-host traffic: <code>remoteBytesRead</code> counts bytes read from a remote executor, <code>localBytesRead</code> counts bytes read from local disk, and <code>totalBytesRead</code> is their sum<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6">[6]</a></sup>.</p><h2 id="how-it-s-detected" tabindex="-1">How it&#39;s detected <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-s-detected" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How it&#39;s detected&quot;">​</a></h2><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>Signal</th><th>Fires when</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Shuffle read bytes in a stage</td><td>&gt; 50 MB</td></tr></tbody></table><p>50 MB marks a stage as shuffle-heavy enough to flag. Severity then tracks the estimated recoverable time as a share of the app&#39;s total runtime: ≥2% is critical, ≥0.5% is warning, anything smaller is info.</p><p>Beyond raw byte volume, the executor-side wait is captured by <code>fetchWaitTime</code>: time a task spends blocked on a remote shuffle block it needs next, not counting time spent prefetching other blocks in the background<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6:1">[6:1]</a></sup>. That wait time counts toward the task&#39;s overall <code>executorRunTime</code>, since Spark&#39;s wall-clock task-time metric explicitly includes time fetching shuffle data<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6:2">[6:2]</a></sup>.</p><h2 id="why-it-matters" tabindex="-1">Why it matters <a class="header-anchor" href="#why-it-matters" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Why it matters&quot;">​</a></h2><p>As shuffle volume grows, the underlying pull-based mechanism gets less efficient: the number of shuffle blocks grows quadratically with mapper × reducer count while individual block sizes shrink to only tens of KB, which is inefficient for disk-backed random reads<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn7" id="fnref7">[7]</a></sup>. Because fetch-wait time is part of a task&#39;s measured execution window, that inefficiency shows up directly as added task time rather than as separate, hidden overhead<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6:3">[6:3]</a></sup>.</p><h2 id="how-to-fix-it" tabindex="-1">How to fix it <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-fix-it" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How to fix it&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>Let <a href="./aqe.html">Adaptive Query Execution</a> coalesce small post-shuffle partitions automatically at runtime (<code>spark.sql.adaptive.coalescePartitions.enabled</code>, default <code>true</code>) instead of only hand-tuning a fixed partition count<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3:1">[3:1]</a></sup>.</li><li>Review <code>spark.sql.shuffle.partitions</code> (default <code>200</code>), which applies uniformly to every <code>join()</code>, <code>groupBy()</code>, and aggregation regardless of how much data is actually moving<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn8" id="fnref8">[8]</a></sup>. There&#39;s no fixed formula for the right value: pull it down toward the executor core count for small or streaming workloads<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:2">[1:2]</a></sup>, and otherwise favor over- to under-provisioning, since Spark&#39;s low per-task overhead makes it safer to have too many tasks than too few<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn9" id="fnref9">[9]</a></sup>.</li><li>Where possible, avoid the shuffle altogether: bucket both sides of a join identically, or rely on Storage Partition Join for compatible sources, so the physical plan drops the <code>Exchange</code> node<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3:2">[3:2]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4:1">[4:1]</a></sup>.</li><li>If map tasks are I/O-bound writing many shuffle files, increase <code>spark.shuffle.file.buffer</code> (default <code>32k</code>) to reduce disk seeks and system calls on the write side<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn8" id="fnref8:1">[8:1]</a></sup>; Learning Spark&#39;s tuning table recommends bumping it to 1 MB for large jobs<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:3">[1:3]</a></sup>.</li><li>If executors have memory to spare, increase <code>spark.reducer.maxSizeInFlight</code> (default <code>48m</code>) so reducers can pull more map output concurrently and need fewer fetch rounds<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn8" id="fnref8:2">[8:2]</a></sup>.</li><li>At larger scale, enable the external shuffle service (effectively required for <a href="./cluster-config.html">dynamic allocation</a>, since it lets shuffle files be served after an executor is removed<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn10" id="fnref10">[10]</a></sup>) and consider push-based (Magnet) shuffle, which converts many small random reads into large sequential reads of pre-merged chunks<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn7" id="fnref7:1">[7:1]</a></sup>.</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>PySpark:</strong> adjust the shuffle partition count directly from a running session with <code>spark.conf.set(&quot;spark.sql.shuffle.partitions&quot;, 100)</code>.</p></blockquote><p>A shuffle-tuning starting point: defaults shown, comments say which way to move:</p><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># Let AQE coalesce small post-shuffle partitions at runtime</span></span>
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  <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.sql.adaptive.enabled</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
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  <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.sql.adaptive.coalescePartitions.enabled</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
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@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
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  <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.shuffle.file.buffer</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=1m</span></span>
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  <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># Let reducers pull more map output per fetch round when executors have spare memory (default 48m)</span></span>
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- <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.reducer.maxSizeInFlight</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=48m</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="partition-sizing-part" tabindex="-1">Partition sizing <span class="tag">PART</span> <a class="header-anchor" href="#partition-sizing-part" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Partition sizing &lt;span class=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;PART&lt;/span&gt;&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Adaptive Query Execution re-optimizes the plan while the query runs: as each shuffle stage materializes, it reads the real shuffle-file sizes and resizes partitions before launching the stages downstream<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn11" id="fnref11">[11]</a></sup>. That runtime feedback is what corrects a partition grid that static estimates would get wrong.</p><p>The coarse starting grid is <code>spark.sql.shuffle.partitions</code> (default <code>200</code>), the fixed partition count Spark uses when shuffling for joins or aggregations<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn12" id="fnref12">[12]</a></sup>. A single number cannot fit every stage. Spread a few megabytes across 200 partitions and most cores sit idle on a handful of rows each; push hundreds of gigabytes through the same 200 and every executor is overloaded, often into memory errors. For small or streaming workloads the 200 default is usually too high, and pulling it toward the executor-core count thins out the flood of tiny partitions crossing the network<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:4">[1:4]</a></sup>. The pattern AQE encourages is the opposite of hand-tuning that number: leave the initial count large and let runtime coalescing combine adjacent small partitions instead<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn11" id="fnref11:1">[11:1]</a></sup>.</p><p><strong>Partitions too small (low parallelism payoff).</strong> <code>spark.sql.adaptive.coalescePartitions.enabled</code> (default <code>true</code>) merges contiguous shuffle partitions up to a target size so a stage does not end up with many tiny tasks<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn13" id="fnref13">[13]</a></sup>. The target is <code>spark.sql.adaptive.advisoryPartitionSizeInBytes</code>, the advisory shuffle-partition size AQE steers toward during adaptive optimization, default <code>64 MB</code><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn13" id="fnref13:1">[13:1]</a></sup>.</p><p><strong>Partitions too big or skewed.</strong> <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.enabled</code> (default <code>true</code>) handles skew in shuffled joins by splitting the oversized partitions and replicating the matching side where needed<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn14" id="fnref14">[14]</a></sup>. A partition only counts as skewed when it clears both bars: larger than <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.skewedPartitionFactor</code> (default <code>5.0</code>) times the median partition size, and larger than <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.skewedPartitionThresholdInBytes</code> (default <code>256 MB</code>)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn14" id="fnref14:1">[14:1]</a></sup>. Once it qualifies, the partition is split back down toward the advisory size.</p><p>So the two knobs divide the labor: <code>spark.sql.shuffle.partitions</code> lays down the coarse initial grid, and <code>advisoryPartitionSizeInBytes</code> (64 MB) is the size AQE aims each partition at from both directions. Partitions below it get coalesced; skewed partitions past the 256 MB / 5.0-factor bar get split toward it.</p><h2 id="limitations-false-positive-risk" tabindex="-1">Limitations / false-positive risk <a class="header-anchor" href="#limitations-false-positive-risk" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Limitations / false-positive risk&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A high shuffle-byte count is not automatically a defect. A wide transformation such as a large <code>join()</code> or <code>groupBy()</code> legitimately has to move that data, so the volume can be an inherent property of the query rather than something worth fixing. The byte thresholds that raise Info, Warning, and Critical levels are heuristic cutoffs, not measured limits for a given cluster, so treat them as a prompt to look rather than a verdict.</p><h2 id="related" tabindex="-1">Related <a class="header-anchor" href="#related" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Related&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><strong>The mechanism:</strong> <a href="./shuffle.html">Shuffle</a></li><li><strong>Tuning parallelism:</strong> <a href="./partitioning.html">Partitioning</a></li></ul><hr class="footnotes-sep"><section class="footnotes"><ol class="footnotes-list"><li id="fn1" class="footnote-item"><p><em>Learning Spark, 2nd Edition</em>, Damji, Wenig, Das, Lee, ch. 7 <a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:4" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn2" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/rdd-programming-guide.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">RDD Programming Guide</a> <a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn3" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-performance-tuning.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Performance Tuning (Spark SQL, DataFrames and Datasets Guide)</a> <a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref3:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref3:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn4" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://books.japila.pl/spark-sql-internals/bucketing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Bucketing (The Internals of Spark SQL)</a> <a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref4:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn5" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://luminousmen.com/post/spark-tips-partition-tuning" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Spark Tips: Partition Tuning</a> <a href="#fnref5" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn6" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/monitoring.html#spark-history-server" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Monitoring and Instrumentation</a> <a href="#fnref6" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref6:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref6:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref6:3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn7" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-30602" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">SPARK-30602: Support push-based shuffle to improve shuffle efficiency</a> <a href="#fnref7" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref7:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn8" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/configuration.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Configuration (Spark)</a> <a href="#fnref8" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref8:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref8:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn9" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://blog.cloudera.com/how-to-tune-your-apache-spark-jobs-part-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">How to Tune Your Apache Spark Jobs (Part 2): Cloudera Engineering Blog</a> <a href="#fnref9" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn10" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/job-scheduling.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Job Scheduling: Dynamic Resource Allocation</a> <a href="#fnref10" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn11" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://www.databricks.com/blog/2020/05/29/adaptive-query-execution-speeding-up-spark-sql-at-runtime.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Adaptive Query Execution: Speeding Up Spark SQL at Runtime (Databricks)</a> <a href="#fnref11" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref11:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn12" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/spark/v3.5.0/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">SQLConf: shuffle-partition defaults (Spark source)</a> <a href="#fnref12" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn13" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-performance-tuning.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Performance Tuning: Coalescing Post Shuffle Partitions</a> <a href="#fnref13" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref13:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn14" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/configuration.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Configuration (Spark)</a> <a href="#fnref14" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref14:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li></ol></section></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><!----><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-skew.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Task Skew</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-spill.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Memory / Disk Spill</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><!----><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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+ <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.reducer.maxSizeInFlight</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=48m</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="bottleneck-partition-sizing" tabindex="-1">Partition sizing <a class="header-anchor" href="#bottleneck-partition-sizing" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Partition sizing {#bottleneck-partition-sizing}&quot;">​</a></h2><p><span class="tag">PART</span></p><h3 id="how-it-s-detected-1" tabindex="-1">How it&#39;s detected <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-s-detected-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How it&#39;s detected&quot;">​</a></h3><p>A stage&#39;s shuffle-read partition sizes surface three distinct problems:</p><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>Signal</th><th>Fires when</th><th>Level</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Largest partition vs. median</td><td>&gt; 5× the median <strong>and</strong> &gt; 256 MB</td><td>Warning</td></tr><tr><td>Low parallelism</td><td>≥ 1 GB of shuffle read spread across ≤ 7 tasks</td><td>Warning</td></tr><tr><td>Oversized partition</td><td>Largest partition ≥ 5 GB</td><td>Critical</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Skew and low-parallelism severity track the estimated recoverable time as a share of the app&#39;s total runtime, the same wall-clock model used across this reference. An oversized partition is a fixed safety signal instead: it reports critical purely on its own size, because a partition past 5 GB is an OOM/crash risk regardless of how much wall-clock time fixing it would recover, so it stays critical even on a stage that barely dents the run.</p><p>Adaptive Query Execution re-optimizes the plan while the query runs: as each shuffle stage materializes, it reads the real shuffle-file sizes and resizes partitions before launching the stages downstream<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn11" id="fnref11">[11]</a></sup>. That runtime feedback is what corrects a partition grid that static estimates would get wrong.</p><p>The coarse starting grid is <code>spark.sql.shuffle.partitions</code> (default <code>200</code>), the fixed partition count Spark uses when shuffling for joins or aggregations<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn12" id="fnref12">[12]</a></sup>. A single number cannot fit every stage. Spread a few megabytes across 200 partitions and most cores sit idle on a handful of rows each; push hundreds of gigabytes through the same 200 and every executor is overloaded, often into memory errors. For small or streaming workloads the 200 default is usually too high, and pulling it toward the executor-core count thins out the flood of tiny partitions crossing the network<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:4">[1:4]</a></sup>. The pattern AQE encourages is the opposite of hand-tuning that number: leave the initial count large and let runtime coalescing combine adjacent small partitions instead<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn11" id="fnref11:1">[11:1]</a></sup>.</p><p><strong>Partitions too small (low parallelism payoff).</strong> <code>spark.sql.adaptive.coalescePartitions.enabled</code> (default <code>true</code>) merges contiguous shuffle partitions up to a target size so a stage does not end up with many tiny tasks<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn13" id="fnref13">[13]</a></sup>. The target is <code>spark.sql.adaptive.advisoryPartitionSizeInBytes</code>, the advisory shuffle-partition size AQE steers toward during adaptive optimization, default <code>64 MB</code><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn13" id="fnref13:1">[13:1]</a></sup>.</p><p><strong>Partitions too big or skewed.</strong> <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.enabled</code> (default <code>true</code>) handles skew in shuffled joins by splitting the oversized partitions and replicating the matching side where needed<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn14" id="fnref14">[14]</a></sup>. A partition only counts as skewed when it clears both bars: larger than <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.skewedPartitionFactor</code> (default <code>5.0</code>) times the median partition size, and larger than <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.skewedPartitionThresholdInBytes</code> (default <code>256 MB</code>)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn14" id="fnref14:1">[14:1]</a></sup>. Once it qualifies, the partition is split back down toward the advisory size.</p><p>So the two knobs divide the labor: <code>spark.sql.shuffle.partitions</code> lays down the coarse initial grid, and <code>advisoryPartitionSizeInBytes</code> (64 MB) is the size AQE aims each partition at from both directions. Partitions below it get coalesced; skewed partitions past the 256 MB / 5.0-factor bar get split toward it.</p><h2 id="limitations-false-positive-risk" tabindex="-1">Limitations / false-positive risk <a class="header-anchor" href="#limitations-false-positive-risk" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Limitations / false-positive risk&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A high shuffle-byte count is not automatically a defect. A wide transformation such as a large <code>join()</code> or <code>groupBy()</code> legitimately has to move that data, so the volume can be an inherent property of the query rather than something worth fixing. The byte thresholds that raise Info, Warning, and Critical levels are heuristic cutoffs, not measured limits for a given cluster, so treat them as a prompt to look rather than a verdict.</p><h2 id="related" tabindex="-1">Related <a class="header-anchor" href="#related" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Related&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><strong>The mechanism:</strong> <a href="./shuffle.html">Shuffle</a></li><li><strong>Tuning parallelism:</strong> <a href="./partitioning.html">Partitioning</a></li></ul><hr class="footnotes-sep"><section class="footnotes"><ol class="footnotes-list"><li id="fn1" class="footnote-item"><p><em>Learning Spark, 2nd Edition</em>, Damji, Wenig, Das, Lee, ch. 7 <a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:4" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn2" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/rdd-programming-guide.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">RDD Programming Guide</a> <a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn3" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-performance-tuning.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Performance Tuning (Spark SQL, DataFrames and Datasets Guide)</a> <a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref3:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref3:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn4" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://books.japila.pl/spark-sql-internals/bucketing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Bucketing (The Internals of Spark SQL)</a> <a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref4:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn5" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://luminousmen.com/post/spark-tips-partition-tuning" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Spark Tips: Partition Tuning</a> <a href="#fnref5" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn6" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/monitoring.html#spark-history-server" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Monitoring and Instrumentation</a> <a href="#fnref6" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref6:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref6:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref6:3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn7" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-30602" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">SPARK-30602: Support push-based shuffle to improve shuffle efficiency</a> <a href="#fnref7" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref7:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn8" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/configuration.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Configuration (Spark)</a> <a href="#fnref8" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref8:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref8:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn9" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://blog.cloudera.com/how-to-tune-your-apache-spark-jobs-part-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">How to Tune Your Apache Spark Jobs (Part 2): Cloudera Engineering Blog</a> <a href="#fnref9" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn10" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/job-scheduling.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Job Scheduling: Dynamic Resource Allocation</a> <a href="#fnref10" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn11" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://www.databricks.com/blog/2020/05/29/adaptive-query-execution-speeding-up-spark-sql-at-runtime.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Adaptive Query Execution: Speeding Up Spark SQL at Runtime (Databricks)</a> <a href="#fnref11" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref11:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn12" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/spark/v3.5.0/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">SQLConf: shuffle-partition defaults (Spark source)</a> <a href="#fnref12" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn13" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-performance-tuning.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Performance Tuning: Coalescing Post Shuffle Partitions</a> <a href="#fnref13" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref13:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn14" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/configuration.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Configuration (Spark)</a> <a href="#fnref14" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref14:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li></ol></section></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><!----><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-skew.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Task Skew</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-spill.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Memory / Disk Spill</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><!----><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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