shaderkit 0.7.0 → 0.8.0

package/src/minifier.ts

@@ -1,445 +1,445 @@
-import { type Token, tokenize } from './tokenizer.js'
-import { GLSL_KEYWORDS, WGSL_KEYWORDS } from './constants.js'
-import { parse } from './parser.js'
-import { generate } from './generator.js'
-import { visit } from './visitor.js'
-import { ArraySpecifier } from './ast.js'
-
-export type MangleMatcher = (token: Token, index: number, tokens: Token[]) => boolean
-
-export interface MinifyOptions {
-  /** Whether to rename variables. Will call a {@link MangleMatcher} if specified. Default is `false`. */
-  mangle: boolean | MangleMatcher
-  /** A map to read and write renamed variables to when mangling. */
-  mangleMap: Map<string, string>
-  /** Whether to rename external variables such as uniforms or varyings. Default is `false`. */
-  mangleExternals: boolean
-}
-
-const isWord = /* @__PURE__ */ RegExp.prototype.test.bind(/^\w/)
-const isName = /* @__PURE__ */ RegExp.prototype.test.bind(/^[_A-Za-z]/)
-const isScoped = /* @__PURE__ */ RegExp.prototype.test.bind(/[;{}\\@]/)
-const isStorage = /* @__PURE__ */ RegExp.prototype.test.bind(
-  /^(binding|group|layout|uniform|in|out|attribute|varying)$/,
-)
-
-// Checks for WGSL-specific `fn foo(`, `var bar =`, `let baz =`, `const qux =`
-const WGSL_REGEX = /\bfn\s+\w+\s*\(|\b(var|let|const)\s+\w+\s*[:=]/
-
-function minifyLegacy(
-  code: string,
-  { mangle = false, mangleMap = new Map(), mangleExternals = false }: Partial<MinifyOptions> = {},
-): string {
-  const mangleCache = new Map<string, string>()
-  const tokens: Token[] = tokenize(code).filter((token) => token.type !== 'whitespace' && token.type !== 'comment')
-
-  let mangleIndex: number = -1
-  let lineIndex: number = -1
-  let blockIndex: number = -1
-  let minified: string = ''
-  for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
-    const token = tokens[i]
-
-    // Track possibly external scopes
-    if (isStorage(token.value) || isScoped(tokens[i - 1]?.value)) lineIndex = i
-
-    // Mark enter/leave block-scope
-    if (token.value === '{' && isName(tokens[i - 1]?.value)) blockIndex = i - 1
-    else if (token.value === '}') blockIndex = -1
-
-    // Pad alphanumeric tokens
-    if (isWord(token.value) && isWord(tokens[i - 1]?.value)) minified += ' '
-
-    let prefix = token.value
-    if (tokens[i - 1]?.value === '.') {
-      prefix = `${tokens[i - 2]?.value}.` + prefix
-    }
-
-    // Mangle declarations and their references
-    if (token.type === 'identifier' && (typeof mangle === 'boolean' ? mangle : mangle(token, i, tokens))) {
-      const namespace = tokens[i - 1]?.value === '}' && tokens[i + 1]?.value === ';'
-      const storage = isStorage(tokens[lineIndex]?.value)
-      const list = storage && tokens[i - 1]?.value === ','
-      let renamed = mangleMap.get(prefix) ?? mangleCache.get(prefix)
-      if (
-        // no-op
-        !renamed &&
-        // Skip struct properties
-        blockIndex === -1 &&
-        // Is declaration, reference, namespace, or comma-separated list
-        (isName(tokens[i - 1]?.value) ||
-          // uniform Type { ... } name;
-          namespace ||
-          // uniform float foo, bar;
-          list ||
-          // fn (arg: type) -> void
-          (tokens[i - 1]?.type === 'symbol' && tokens[i + 1]?.value === ':')) &&
-        // Skip shader externals when disabled
-        (mangleExternals || !storage)
-      ) {
-        // Write shader externals and preprocessor defines to mangleMap for multiple passes
-        // TODO: do so via scope tracking
-        const isExternal =
-          // Shader externals
-          (mangleExternals && storage) ||
-          // Defines
-          tokens[i - 2]?.value === '#' ||
-          // Namespaced uniform structs
-          namespace ||
-          // Comma-separated list of uniforms
-          list ||
-          // WGSL entrypoints via @stage or @workgroup_size(...)
-          (tokens[i - 1]?.value === 'fn' && (tokens[i - 2]?.value === ')' || tokens[i - 3]?.value === '@'))
-        const cache = isExternal ? mangleMap : mangleCache
-
-        while (!renamed || cache.has(renamed) || WGSL_KEYWORDS.includes(renamed)) {
-          renamed = ''
-          mangleIndex++
-
-          let j = mangleIndex
-          while (j > 0) {
-            renamed = String.fromCharCode(97 + ((j - 1) % 26)) + renamed
-            j = Math.floor(j / 26)
-          }
-        }
-
-        cache.set(prefix, renamed)
-      }
-
-      minified += renamed ?? token.value
-    } else {
-      if (token.value === '\\') minified += '\n'
-      else minified += token.value
-    }
-  }
-
-  return minified.trim()
-}
-
-interface Scope {
-  // types: Map<string, string>
-  values: Map<string, string>
-  references: Map<string, string>
-}
-
-/**
- * Minifies a string of GLSL or WGSL code.
- */
-export function minify(
-  code: string,
-  { mangle = false, mangleMap = new Map(), mangleExternals = false }: Partial<MinifyOptions> = {},
-): string {
-  const isWGSL = WGSL_REGEX.test(code)
-  const KEYWORDS = isWGSL ? WGSL_KEYWORDS : GLSL_KEYWORDS
-
-  // TODO: remove when WGSL is better supported
-  if (isWGSL) return minifyLegacy(code, { mangle, mangleMap, mangleExternals })
-
-  const program = parse(code)
-
-  if (mangle) {
-    const scopes: Scope[] = []
-
-    function pushScope(): void {
-      scopes.push({ values: new Map(), references: new Map() })
-    }
-    function popScope(): void {
-      scopes.length -= 1
-    }
-
-    function getScopedType(name: string): string | null {
-      for (let i = scopes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        const type = scopes[i].references.get(name)
-        if (type) return type
-      }
-
-      return null
-    }
-
-    const typeScopes = new Map<string, Scope>()
-    const types: (string | null)[] = []
-
-    function getScopedName(name: string): string | null {
-      if (types.length === 0 && mangleMap.has(name)) {
-        return mangleMap.get(name)!
-      }
-
-      if (types[0] != null && typeScopes.has(types[0])) {
-        const scope = typeScopes.get(types[0])!
-        const renamed = scope.values.get(name)
-        if (renamed) return renamed
-      } else {
-        for (let i = scopes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-          const renamed = scopes[i].values.get(name)
-          if (renamed) return renamed
-        }
-      }
-
-      return null
-    }
-
-    let mangleIndex: number = -1
-    function mangleName(name: string, isExternal: boolean): string {
-      let renamed = (isExternal && mangleMap.get(name)) || getScopedName(name)
-
-      while (
-        !renamed ||
-        getScopedName(renamed) !== null ||
-        (isExternal && mangleMap.has(renamed)) ||
-        KEYWORDS.includes(renamed)
-      ) {
-        renamed = ''
-        mangleIndex++
-
-        let j = mangleIndex
-        while (j > 0) {
-          renamed = String.fromCharCode(97 + ((j - 1) % 26)) + renamed
-          j = Math.floor(j / 26)
-        }
-      }
-
-      scopes.at(-1)!.values.set(name, renamed)
-      if (isExternal) {
-        if (types[0] != null) mangleMap.set(types[0] + '.' + name, renamed)
-        else mangleMap.set(name, renamed)
-      }
-
-      return renamed
-    }
-
-    const structs = new Set<string>()
-    const externals = new Set<string>()
-    const externalTypes = new Set<string>()
-
-    // Top-level pass for externals and type definitions
-    for (const statement of program.body) {
-      if (statement.type === 'StructDeclaration') {
-        structs.add(statement.id.name)
-      } else if (statement.type === 'StructuredBufferDeclaration') {
-        const isExternal = statement.qualifiers.some(isStorage)
-
-        if (statement.typeSpecifier.type === 'Identifier') {
-          structs.add(statement.typeSpecifier.name)
-          if (isExternal) externalTypes.add(statement.typeSpecifier.name)
-        } else if (statement.typeSpecifier.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
-          structs.add(statement.typeSpecifier.typeSpecifier.name)
-          if (isExternal) externalTypes.add(statement.typeSpecifier.typeSpecifier.name)
-        }
-
-        if (isExternal) {
-          if (statement.id) {
-            externals.add(statement.id.name)
-          } else {
-            for (const member of statement.members) {
-              if (member.type !== 'VariableDeclaration') continue
-
-              for (const decl of member.declarations) {
-                if (decl.id.type === 'Identifier') {
-                  externals.add(decl.id.name)
-                } else if (decl.id.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
-                  externals.add((decl.id as unknown as ArraySpecifier).typeSpecifier.name)
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      } else if (statement.type === 'VariableDeclaration') {
-        for (const decl of statement.declarations) {
-          const isExternal = decl.qualifiers.some(isStorage)
-          if (isExternal) {
-            if (decl.id.type === 'Identifier') {
-              externals.add(decl.id.name)
-            } else if (decl.id.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
-              externals.add((decl.id as unknown as ArraySpecifier).typeSpecifier.name)
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    visit(program, {
-      Program: {
-        enter() {
-          pushScope()
-        },
-        exit() {
-          popScope()
-        },
-      },
-      BlockStatement: {
-        enter() {
-          pushScope()
-        },
-        exit() {
-          popScope()
-        },
-      },
-      FunctionDeclaration: {
-        enter(node) {
-          const name = node.id.name
-
-          // TODO: this might be external in the case of WGSL entrypoints
-          if (name !== 'main') node.id.name = mangleName(name, false)
-
-          const scope = scopes.at(-1)!
-          if (node.typeSpecifier.type === 'Identifier') {
-            scope.references.set(name, node.typeSpecifier.name)
-          } else if (node.typeSpecifier.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
-            scope.references.set(name, node.typeSpecifier.typeSpecifier.name)
-          }
-
-          pushScope()
-
-          for (const param of node.params) {
-            if (param.id) param.id.name = mangleName(param.id.name, false)
-          }
-        },
-        exit() {
-          popScope()
-        },
-      },
-      StructDeclaration: {
-        enter(node) {
-          const name = node.id.name
-
-          const isExternal = externalTypes.has(node.id.name)
-          if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) {
-            node.id.name = mangleName(name, isExternal)
-          }
-
-          pushScope()
-          typeScopes.set(name, scopes.at(-1)!)
-          types.push(name)
-        },
-        exit() {
-          types.length -= 1
-          popScope()
-        },
-      },
-      StructuredBufferDeclaration: {
-        enter(node) {
-          if (node.typeSpecifier.type !== 'Identifier') return
-
-          // When an instance name is not defined, the type specifier can be used as an external reference
-          const typeName = node.typeSpecifier.name
-          if (node.id || mangleExternals) {
-            node.typeSpecifier.name = mangleName(typeName, false)
-          }
-
-          if (!node.id) return
-
-          const name = node.id.name
-
-          const isExternal = externalTypes.has(typeName)
-          if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) {
-            node.id.name = mangleName(name, isExternal)
-          }
-
-          const scope = scopes.at(-1)!
-          scope.references.set(name, typeName)
-          types.push(typeName)
-
-          pushScope()
-          typeScopes.set(name, scopes.at(-1)!)
-        },
-        exit(node) {
-          if (node.id) {
-            types.length -= 1
-            popScope()
-          }
-        },
-      },
-      VariableDeclaration(node, ancestors) {
-        // TODO: ensure uniform decl lists work
-        const parent = ancestors.at(-1) // Container -> VariableDecl
-        const isParentExternal =
-          parent?.type === 'StructDeclaration' ||
-          (parent?.type === 'StructuredBufferDeclaration' && parent.qualifiers.some(isStorage))
-
-        for (const decl of node.declarations) {
-          // Skip preprocessor
-          if (decl.type !== 'VariableDeclarator') continue
-
-          let name: string = ''
-          if (decl.id.type === 'Identifier') {
-            name = decl.id.name
-          } else if (decl.id.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
-            name = (decl.id as unknown as ArraySpecifier).typeSpecifier.name
-          }
-
-          const scope = scopes.at(-1)!
-          if (decl.typeSpecifier.type === 'Identifier') {
-            scope.references.set(name, decl.typeSpecifier.name)
-          } else if (decl.typeSpecifier.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
-            scope.references.set(name, decl.typeSpecifier.typeSpecifier.name)
-          }
-
-          const isExternal = isParentExternal || decl.qualifiers.some(isStorage)
-          if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) {
-            mangleName(name, isExternal)
-          }
-        }
-      },
-      PreprocessorStatement(node) {
-        if (node.name === 'define' && node.value) {
-          const [name, value] = node.value
-
-          let isExternal = false
-
-          if (value) {
-            if (value.type === 'Identifier') {
-              isExternal ||= externals.has(value.name) || externalTypes.has(value.name)
-              if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) value.name = mangleName(value.name, isExternal)
-            } else if (value.type === 'MemberExpression') {
-              // TODO: this needs to be more robust to handle string replacement
-            } else if (value.type === 'CallExpression' && value.callee.type === 'Identifier') {
-              isExternal ||= externals.has(value.callee.name)
-              if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) value.callee.name = mangleName(value.callee.name, isExternal)
-              // TODO: locally mangle arguments
-            }
-          }
-
-          if (name.type === 'Identifier') {
-            isExternal ||= externals.has(name.name) || externalTypes.has(name.name)
-            if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) name.name = mangleName(name.name, isExternal)
-          } else if (name.type === 'MemberExpression') {
-            // TODO: this needs to be more robust to handle string replacement
-          } else if (name.type === 'CallExpression' && name.callee.type === 'Identifier') {
-            isExternal ||= externals.has(name.callee.name)
-            if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) name.callee.name = mangleName(name.callee.name, isExternal)
-          }
-        }
-      },
-      MemberExpression: {
-        enter(node) {
-          let type: string | null = ''
-
-          if (node.object.type === 'CallExpression' && node.object.callee.type === 'Identifier') {
-            // TODO: length() should be mangled whereas array.length() should not
-            type = getScopedType(node.object.callee.name)
-          } else if (node.object.type === 'MemberExpression' && node.object.object.type === 'Identifier') {
-            // Only computed member expressions can be parsed this way (e.g., (array[2]).position)
-            type = getScopedType(node.object.object.name)
-            const renamed = getScopedName(node.object.object.name)
-            if (renamed !== null) node.object.object.name = renamed
-          } else if (node.object.type === 'Identifier') {
-            type = getScopedType(node.object.name)
-            const renamed = getScopedName(node.object.name)
-            if (renamed !== null) node.object.name = renamed
-          }
-
-          types.push(type)
-        },
-        exit() {
-          types.length -= 1
-        },
-      },
-      Identifier(node) {
-        const renamed = getScopedName(node.name)
-        if (renamed !== null) node.name = renamed
-      },
-    })
-  }
-
-  return generate(program, { target: 'GLSL' })
-}
+import { type Token, tokenize } from './tokenizer.js'
+import { GLSL_KEYWORDS, WGSL_KEYWORDS } from './constants.js'
+import { parse } from './parser.js'
+import { generate } from './generator.js'
+import { visit } from './visitor.js'
+import { ArraySpecifier } from './ast.js'
+
+export type MangleMatcher = (token: Token, index: number, tokens: Token[]) => boolean
+
+export interface MinifyOptions {
+  /** Whether to rename variables. Will call a {@link MangleMatcher} if specified. Default is `false`. */
+  mangle: boolean | MangleMatcher
+  /** A map to read and write renamed variables to when mangling. */
+  mangleMap: Map<string, string>
+  /** Whether to rename external variables such as uniforms or varyings. Default is `false`. */
+  mangleExternals: boolean
+}
+
+const isWord = /* @__PURE__ */ RegExp.prototype.test.bind(/^\w/)
+const isName = /* @__PURE__ */ RegExp.prototype.test.bind(/^[_A-Za-z]/)
+const isScoped = /* @__PURE__ */ RegExp.prototype.test.bind(/[;{}\\@]/)
+const isStorage = /* @__PURE__ */ RegExp.prototype.test.bind(
+  /^(binding|group|layout|uniform|in|out|attribute|varying)$/,
+)
+
+// Checks for WGSL-specific `fn foo(`, `var bar =`, `let baz =`, `const qux =`
+const WGSL_REGEX = /\bfn\s+\w+\s*\(|\b(var|let|const)\s+\w+\s*[:=]/
+
+function minifyLegacy(
+  code: string,
+  { mangle = false, mangleMap = new Map(), mangleExternals = false }: Partial<MinifyOptions> = {},
+): string {
+  const mangleCache = new Map<string, string>()
+  const tokens: Token[] = tokenize(code).filter((token) => token.type !== 'whitespace' && token.type !== 'comment')
+
+  let mangleIndex: number = -1
+  let lineIndex: number = -1
+  let blockIndex: number = -1
+  let minified: string = ''
+  for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
+    const token = tokens[i]
+
+    // Track possibly external scopes
+    if (isStorage(token.value) || isScoped(tokens[i - 1]?.value)) lineIndex = i
+
+    // Mark enter/leave block-scope
+    if (token.value === '{' && isName(tokens[i - 1]?.value)) blockIndex = i - 1
+    else if (token.value === '}') blockIndex = -1
+
+    // Pad alphanumeric tokens
+    if (isWord(token.value) && isWord(tokens[i - 1]?.value)) minified += ' '
+
+    let prefix = token.value
+    if (tokens[i - 1]?.value === '.') {
+      prefix = `${tokens[i - 2]?.value}.` + prefix
+    }
+
+    // Mangle declarations and their references
+    if (token.type === 'identifier' && (typeof mangle === 'boolean' ? mangle : mangle(token, i, tokens))) {
+      const namespace = tokens[i - 1]?.value === '}' && tokens[i + 1]?.value === ';'
+      const storage = isStorage(tokens[lineIndex]?.value)
+      const list = storage && tokens[i - 1]?.value === ','
+      let renamed = mangleMap.get(prefix) ?? mangleCache.get(prefix)
+      if (
+        // no-op
+        !renamed &&
+        // Skip struct properties
+        blockIndex === -1 &&
+        // Is declaration, reference, namespace, or comma-separated list
+        (isName(tokens[i - 1]?.value) ||
+          // uniform Type { ... } name;
+          namespace ||
+          // uniform float foo, bar;
+          list ||
+          // fn (arg: type) -> void
+          (tokens[i - 1]?.type === 'symbol' && tokens[i + 1]?.value === ':')) &&
+        // Skip shader externals when disabled
+        (mangleExternals || !storage)
+      ) {
+        // Write shader externals and preprocessor defines to mangleMap for multiple passes
+        // TODO: do so via scope tracking
+        const isExternal =
+          // Shader externals
+          (mangleExternals && storage) ||
+          // Defines
+          tokens[i - 2]?.value === '#' ||
+          // Namespaced uniform structs
+          namespace ||
+          // Comma-separated list of uniforms
+          list ||
+          // WGSL entrypoints via @stage or @workgroup_size(...)
+          (tokens[i - 1]?.value === 'fn' && (tokens[i - 2]?.value === ')' || tokens[i - 3]?.value === '@'))
+        const cache = isExternal ? mangleMap : mangleCache
+
+        while (!renamed || cache.has(renamed) || WGSL_KEYWORDS.includes(renamed)) {
+          renamed = ''
+          mangleIndex++
+
+          let j = mangleIndex
+          while (j > 0) {
+            renamed = String.fromCharCode(97 + ((j - 1) % 26)) + renamed
+            j = Math.floor(j / 26)
+          }
+        }
+
+        cache.set(prefix, renamed)
+      }
+
+      minified += renamed ?? token.value
+    } else {
+      if (token.value === '\\') minified += '\n'
+      else minified += token.value
+    }
+  }
+
+  return minified.trim()
+}
+
+interface Scope {
+  // types: Map<string, string>
+  values: Map<string, string>
+  references: Map<string, string>
+}
+
+/**
+ * Minifies a string of GLSL or WGSL code.
+ */
+export function minify(
+  code: string,
+  { mangle = false, mangleMap = new Map(), mangleExternals = false }: Partial<MinifyOptions> = {},
+): string {
+  const isWGSL = WGSL_REGEX.test(code)
+  const KEYWORDS = isWGSL ? WGSL_KEYWORDS : GLSL_KEYWORDS
+
+  // TODO: remove when WGSL is better supported
+  if (isWGSL) return minifyLegacy(code, { mangle, mangleMap, mangleExternals })
+
+  const program = parse(code)
+
+  if (mangle) {
+    const scopes: Scope[] = []
+
+    function pushScope(): void {
+      scopes.push({ values: new Map(), references: new Map() })
+    }
+    function popScope(): void {
+      scopes.length -= 1
+    }
+
+    function getScopedType(name: string): string | null {
+      for (let i = scopes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        const type = scopes[i].references.get(name)
+        if (type) return type
+      }
+
+      return null
+    }
+
+    const typeScopes = new Map<string, Scope>()
+    const types: (string | null)[] = []
+
+    function getScopedName(name: string): string | null {
+      if (types.length === 0 && mangleMap.has(name)) {
+        return mangleMap.get(name)!
+      }
+
+      if (types[0] != null && typeScopes.has(types[0])) {
+        const scope = typeScopes.get(types[0])!
+        const renamed = scope.values.get(name)
+        if (renamed) return renamed
+      } else {
+        for (let i = scopes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+          const renamed = scopes[i].values.get(name)
+          if (renamed) return renamed
+        }
+      }
+
+      return null
+    }
+
+    let mangleIndex: number = -1
+    function mangleName(name: string, isExternal: boolean): string {
+      let renamed = (isExternal && mangleMap.get(name)) || getScopedName(name)
+
+      while (
+        !renamed ||
+        getScopedName(renamed) !== null ||
+        (isExternal && mangleMap.has(renamed)) ||
+        KEYWORDS.includes(renamed)
+      ) {
+        renamed = ''
+        mangleIndex++
+
+        let j = mangleIndex
+        while (j > 0) {
+          renamed = String.fromCharCode(97 + ((j - 1) % 26)) + renamed
+          j = Math.floor(j / 26)
+        }
+      }
+
+      scopes.at(-1)!.values.set(name, renamed)
+      if (isExternal) {
+        if (types[0] != null) mangleMap.set(types[0] + '.' + name, renamed)
+        else mangleMap.set(name, renamed)
+      }
+
+      return renamed
+    }
+
+    const structs = new Set<string>()
+    const externals = new Set<string>()
+    const externalTypes = new Set<string>()
+
+    // Top-level pass for externals and type definitions
+    for (const statement of program.body) {
+      if (statement.type === 'StructDeclaration') {
+        structs.add(statement.id.name)
+      } else if (statement.type === 'StructuredBufferDeclaration') {
+        const isExternal = statement.qualifiers.some(isStorage)
+
+        if (statement.typeSpecifier.type === 'Identifier') {
+          structs.add(statement.typeSpecifier.name)
+          if (isExternal) externalTypes.add(statement.typeSpecifier.name)
+        } else if (statement.typeSpecifier.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
+          structs.add(statement.typeSpecifier.typeSpecifier.name)
+          if (isExternal) externalTypes.add(statement.typeSpecifier.typeSpecifier.name)
+        }
+
+        if (isExternal) {
+          if (statement.id) {
+            externals.add(statement.id.name)
+          } else {
+            for (const member of statement.members) {
+              if (member.type !== 'VariableDeclaration') continue
+
+              for (const decl of member.declarations) {
+                if (decl.id.type === 'Identifier') {
+                  externals.add(decl.id.name)
+                } else if (decl.id.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
+                  externals.add((decl.id as unknown as ArraySpecifier).typeSpecifier.name)
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (statement.type === 'VariableDeclaration') {
+        for (const decl of statement.declarations) {
+          const isExternal = decl.qualifiers.some(isStorage)
+          if (isExternal) {
+            if (decl.id.type === 'Identifier') {
+              externals.add(decl.id.name)
+            } else if (decl.id.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
+              externals.add((decl.id as unknown as ArraySpecifier).typeSpecifier.name)
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    visit(program, {
+      Program: {
+        enter() {
+          pushScope()
+        },
+        exit() {
+          popScope()
+        },
+      },
+      BlockStatement: {
+        enter() {
+          pushScope()
+        },
+        exit() {
+          popScope()
+        },
+      },
+      FunctionDeclaration: {
+        enter(node) {
+          const name = node.id.name
+
+          // TODO: this might be external in the case of WGSL entrypoints
+          if (name !== 'main') node.id.name = mangleName(name, false)
+
+          const scope = scopes.at(-1)!
+          if (node.typeSpecifier.type === 'Identifier') {
+            scope.references.set(name, node.typeSpecifier.name)
+          } else if (node.typeSpecifier.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
+            scope.references.set(name, node.typeSpecifier.typeSpecifier.name)
+          }
+
+          pushScope()
+
+          for (const param of node.params) {
+            if (param.id) param.id.name = mangleName(param.id.name, false)
+          }
+        },
+        exit() {
+          popScope()
+        },
+      },
+      StructDeclaration: {
+        enter(node) {
+          const name = node.id.name
+
+          const isExternal = externalTypes.has(node.id.name)
+          if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) {
+            node.id.name = mangleName(name, isExternal)
+          }
+
+          pushScope()
+          typeScopes.set(name, scopes.at(-1)!)
+          types.push(name)
+        },
+        exit() {
+          types.length -= 1
+          popScope()
+        },
+      },
+      StructuredBufferDeclaration: {
+        enter(node) {
+          if (node.typeSpecifier.type !== 'Identifier') return
+
+          // When an instance name is not defined, the type specifier can be used as an external reference
+          const typeName = node.typeSpecifier.name
+          if (node.id || mangleExternals) {
+            node.typeSpecifier.name = mangleName(typeName, false)
+          }
+
+          if (!node.id) return
+
+          const name = node.id.name
+
+          const isExternal = externalTypes.has(typeName)
+          if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) {
+            node.id.name = mangleName(name, isExternal)
+          }
+
+          const scope = scopes.at(-1)!
+          scope.references.set(name, typeName)
+          types.push(typeName)
+
+          pushScope()
+          typeScopes.set(name, scopes.at(-1)!)
+        },
+        exit(node) {
+          if (node.id) {
+            types.length -= 1
+            popScope()
+          }
+        },
+      },
+      VariableDeclaration(node, ancestors) {
+        // TODO: ensure uniform decl lists work
+        const parent = ancestors.at(-1) // Container -> VariableDecl
+        const isParentExternal =
+          parent?.type === 'StructDeclaration' ||
+          (parent?.type === 'StructuredBufferDeclaration' && parent.qualifiers.some(isStorage))
+
+        for (const decl of node.declarations) {
+          // Skip preprocessor
+          if (decl.type !== 'VariableDeclarator') continue
+
+          let name: string = ''
+          if (decl.id.type === 'Identifier') {
+            name = decl.id.name
+          } else if (decl.id.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
+            name = (decl.id as unknown as ArraySpecifier).typeSpecifier.name
+          }
+
+          const scope = scopes.at(-1)!
+          if (decl.typeSpecifier.type === 'Identifier') {
+            scope.references.set(name, decl.typeSpecifier.name)
+          } else if (decl.typeSpecifier.type === 'ArraySpecifier') {
+            scope.references.set(name, decl.typeSpecifier.typeSpecifier.name)
+          }
+
+          const isExternal = isParentExternal || decl.qualifiers.some(isStorage)
+          if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) {
+            mangleName(name, isExternal)
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      PreprocessorStatement(node) {
+        if (node.name === 'define' && node.value) {
+          const [name, value] = node.value
+
+          let isExternal = false
+
+          if (value) {
+            if (value.type === 'Identifier') {
+              isExternal ||= externals.has(value.name) || externalTypes.has(value.name)
+              if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) value.name = mangleName(value.name, isExternal)
+            } else if (value.type === 'MemberExpression') {
+              // TODO: this needs to be more robust to handle string replacement
+            } else if (value.type === 'CallExpression' && value.callee.type === 'Identifier') {
+              isExternal ||= externals.has(value.callee.name)
+              if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) value.callee.name = mangleName(value.callee.name, isExternal)
+              // TODO: locally mangle arguments
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (name.type === 'Identifier') {
+            isExternal ||= externals.has(name.name) || externalTypes.has(name.name)
+            if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) name.name = mangleName(name.name, isExternal)
+          } else if (name.type === 'MemberExpression') {
+            // TODO: this needs to be more robust to handle string replacement
+          } else if (name.type === 'CallExpression' && name.callee.type === 'Identifier') {
+            isExternal ||= externals.has(name.callee.name)
+            if (!isExternal || mangleExternals) name.callee.name = mangleName(name.callee.name, isExternal)
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      MemberExpression: {
+        enter(node) {
+          let type: string | null = ''
+
+          if (node.object.type === 'CallExpression' && node.object.callee.type === 'Identifier') {
+            // TODO: length() should be mangled whereas array.length() should not
+            type = getScopedType(node.object.callee.name)
+          } else if (node.object.type === 'MemberExpression' && node.object.object.type === 'Identifier') {
+            // Only computed member expressions can be parsed this way (e.g., (array[2]).position)
+            type = getScopedType(node.object.object.name)
+            const renamed = getScopedName(node.object.object.name)
+            if (renamed !== null) node.object.object.name = renamed
+          } else if (node.object.type === 'Identifier') {
+            type = getScopedType(node.object.name)
+            const renamed = getScopedName(node.object.name)
+            if (renamed !== null) node.object.name = renamed
+          }
+
+          types.push(type)
+        },
+        exit() {
+          types.length -= 1
+        },
+      },
+      Identifier(node) {
+        const renamed = getScopedName(node.name)
+        if (renamed !== null) node.name = renamed
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
+  return generate(program, { target: 'GLSL' })
+}