septima-lang 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

package/src/value.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,823 @@
+import { AstNode, FormalArg, Lambda, show } from './ast-node'
+import { failMe } from './fail-me'
+import { CallEvaluator, findArrayMethod } from './find-array-method'
+import { findStringMethod } from './find-string-method'
+import { shouldNeverHappen } from './should-never-happen'
+import { switchOn } from './switch-on'
+import { SymbolTable } from './symbol-table'
+
+type LambdaEvaluator = (formals: FormalArg[], ast: AstNode, table: SymbolTable) => Value
+
+type Inner =
+  | { tag: 'arr'; val: Value[] }
+  | { tag: 'bool'; val: boolean }
+  | { tag: 'foreign'; val: (...args: Value[]) => unknown }
+  | { tag: 'lambda'; val: { ast: Lambda; table: SymbolTable } }
+  | { tag: 'num'; val: number }
+  | { tag: 'undef'; val: undefined }
+  | { tag: 'obj'; val: Record<string, Value> }
+  | { tag: 'str'; val: string }
+
+type InferTag<Q> = Q extends { tag: infer B } ? (B extends string ? B : never) : never
+type Tag = InferTag<Inner>
+
+interface Cases<R> {
+  arr: (arg: Value[], tag: Tag, v: Value) => R
+  bool: (arg: boolean, tag: Tag, v: Value) => R
+  foreign: (arg: (...args: Value[]) => unknown, tag: Tag, v: Value) => R
+  lambda: (arg: { ast: Lambda; table: SymbolTable }, tag: Tag, v: Value) => R
+  num: (arg: number, tag: Tag, v: Value) => R
+  undef: (arg: unknown, tag: Tag, v: Value) => R
+  obj: (arg: Record<string, Value>, tag: Tag, v: Value) => R
+  str: (arg: string, tag: Tag, v: Value) => R
+}
+
+type RawCases<R> = Cases<R>
+
+function inspectValue(u: unknown) {
+  return JSON.stringify(u)
+}
+
+const badType =
+  (expected: Tag, ...moreExpected: Tag[]) =>
+  (_u: unknown, _actual: Tag, v: Value) => {
+    if (moreExpected.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error(`value type error: expected ${expected} but found ${inspectValue(v)}`)
+    }
+
+    throw new Error(
+      `value type error: expected either ${moreExpected.join(', ')} or ${expected} but found ${inspectValue(v)}`,
+    )
+  }
+
+/**
+ * Allows the caller to "see" the native value held by a Value object. The caller supplies the `cases` object
+ * which maps a function for each possible Value tag. Returns the return value of the function associated with the tag
+ * of `v`.
+ *
+ * @param v the Value object to look into
+ * @param cases an object which maps Tag values to functions
+ * @returns the return value of the function mapped to the tag of `v`
+ */
+function selectRaw<R>(v: Value, cases: RawCases<R>): R {
+  const inner = v.inner
+  if (inner.tag === 'arr') {
+    return cases.arr(inner.val, inner.tag, v)
+  }
+  if (inner.tag === 'bool') {
+    return cases.bool(inner.val, inner.tag, v)
+  }
+  if (inner.tag === 'foreign') {
+    return cases.foreign(inner.val, inner.tag, v)
+  }
+  if (inner.tag === 'lambda') {
+    return cases.lambda(inner.val, inner.tag, v)
+  }
+  if (inner.tag === 'num') {
+    return cases.num(inner.val, inner.tag, v)
+  }
+  if (inner.tag === 'undef') {
+    return cases.undef(undefined, inner.tag, v)
+  }
+  if (inner.tag === 'obj') {
+    return cases.obj(inner.val, inner.tag, v)
+  }
+  if (inner.tag === 'str') {
+    return cases.str(inner.val, inner.tag, v)
+  }
+
+  shouldNeverHappen(inner)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allows the caller to "see" the native value held by a Value object. The caller supplies the `cases` object
+ * which maps a function for each possible Value tag. Returns the return value of the function associated with the tag
+ * of `v`.
+ *
+ * @param v the Value object to look into
+ * @param cases an object which maps Tag values to functions
+ * @returns the return value of the function mapped to the tag of `v`
+ */
+function select<R>(v: Value, cases: Cases<R>): Value {
+  return Value.from(selectRaw(v, cases))
+}
+
+export class Value {
+  private constructor(readonly inner: Inner) {}
+
+  static bool(val: boolean): Value {
+    return new Value({ val, tag: 'bool' })
+  }
+  static num(val: number): Value {
+    return new Value({ val, tag: 'num' })
+  }
+  static str(val: string): Value {
+    return new Value({ val, tag: 'str' })
+  }
+  static undef(): Value {
+    return new Value({ tag: 'undef', val: undefined })
+  }
+  static arr(val: Value[]): Value {
+    return new Value({ val, tag: 'arr' })
+  }
+  static obj(val: Record<string, Value>): Value {
+    return new Value({ val, tag: 'obj' })
+  }
+  static lambda(ast: Lambda, table: SymbolTable): Value {
+    return new Value({ val: { ast, table }, tag: 'lambda' })
+  }
+
+  static foreign(f: (...args: Value[]) => unknown) {
+    return new Value({ tag: 'foreign', val: f })
+  }
+
+  unwrap(): unknown {
+    return this.inner.val
+  }
+
+  assertBool(): boolean {
+    const err = badType('bool')
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: a => a,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  assertNum(): number {
+    const err = badType('num')
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: a => a,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  assertStr(): string {
+    const err = badType('str')
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: a => a,
+    })
+  }
+
+  assertArr(): Value[] {
+    const err = badType('arr')
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: a => a,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  assertObj(): Record<string, Value> {
+    const err = badType('obj')
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: a => a,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  assertLambda() {
+    const err = badType('lambda')
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: a => a,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  isLambda() {
+    return this.inner.tag === 'lambda'
+  }
+
+  isArray() {
+    return this.inner.tag === 'arr'
+  }
+
+  isUndefined() {
+    return this.inner.tag === 'undef'
+  }
+
+  ifElse(positive: () => Value, negative: () => Value) {
+    const err = badType('bool')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: c => (c ? positive() : negative()),
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  // bindToSpan(span: Span, unitId?: UnitId) {
+  //   const inner = this.inner
+  //   if (inner.tag !== 'sink') {
+  //     throw new Error(`Not supported on type ${this.inner.tag}`)
+  //   }
+
+  //   return Value.sink(span, inner.trace, inner.symbols, unitId)
+  // }
+
+  // trace() {
+  //   const inner = this.inner
+  //   if (inner.tag !== 'sink') {
+  //     return undefined
+  //   }
+
+  //   const ret: AstNode[] = []
+  //   for (let curr = inner.trace; curr !== undefined; curr = curr?.next) {
+  //     ret.push(curr.ast)
+  //   }
+  //   return ret.length === 0 ? undefined : ret
+  // }
+
+  // symbols() {
+  //   const inner = this.inner
+  //   if (inner.tag !== 'sink') {
+  //     return undefined
+  //   }
+
+  //   return inner.symbols
+  // }
+
+  // where() {
+  //   const inner = this.inner
+  //   if (inner.tag !== 'sink') {
+  //     return undefined
+  //   }
+
+  //   if (inner.span && inner.unitId) {
+  //     return { span: inner.span, unitId: inner.unitId }
+  //   }
+  //   return undefined
+  // }
+
+  coalesce(that: () => Value): Value {
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: () => this,
+      bool: () => this,
+      foreign: () => this,
+      lambda: () => this,
+      num: () => this,
+      undef: () => that(),
+      obj: () => this,
+      str: () => this,
+    })
+  }
+
+  or(that: () => Value) {
+    const err = badType('bool')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: lhs =>
+        lhs ||
+        select(that(), {
+          arr: err,
+          bool: rhs => rhs,
+          foreign: err,
+          lambda: err,
+          num: err,
+          undef: err,
+          obj: err,
+          str: err,
+        }),
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  and(that: () => Value) {
+    const err = badType('bool')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: lhs =>
+        lhs &&
+        select(that(), {
+          arr: err,
+          bool: rhs => rhs,
+          foreign: err,
+          lambda: err,
+          num: err,
+          undef: err,
+          obj: err,
+          str: err,
+        }),
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+  equalsTo(that: Value) {
+    if (this.inner.tag !== that.inner.tag) {
+      return Value.bool(false)
+    }
+
+    const no = () => Value.bool(false)
+    return select(this, {
+      str: () => Value.bool(this.inner.val === that.inner.val),
+      num: () => Value.bool(this.inner.val === that.inner.val),
+      bool: () => Value.bool(this.inner.val === that.inner.val),
+      undef: () => Value.bool(that.isUndefined()),
+      foreign: () => Value.bool(this.inner.val === that.inner.val),
+      lambda: () => Value.bool(this.inner.val === that.inner.val),
+      arr: lhs =>
+        select(that, {
+          bool: no,
+          num: no,
+          str: no,
+          lambda: no,
+          foreign: no,
+          undef: no,
+          obj: no,
+          arr: rhs => {
+            if (lhs.length !== rhs.length) {
+              return Value.bool(false)
+            }
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < lhs.length; ++i) {
+              if (!lhs[i].equalsTo(rhs[i]).isTrue()) {
+                return Value.bool(false)
+              }
+            }
+
+            return Value.bool(true)
+          },
+        }),
+      obj: lhs =>
+        select(that, {
+          bool: no,
+          num: no,
+          str: no,
+          lambda: no,
+          foreign: no,
+          undef: no,
+          arr: no,
+          obj: rhs => {
+            const ks = Object.keys(lhs)
+            if (ks.length !== Object.keys(rhs).length) {
+              return Value.bool(false)
+            }
+
+            for (const k of ks) {
+              if (!lhs[k].equalsTo(rhs[k]).isTrue()) {
+                return Value.bool(false)
+              }
+            }
+
+            return Value.bool(true)
+          },
+        }),
+    })
+  }
+
+  not() {
+    const err = badType('bool')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: lhs => !lhs,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  private binaryNumericOperator(a: Value, b: Value, f: (lhs: number, rhs: number) => number) {
+    const err = badType('num')
+    return select(a, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: lhs =>
+        select(b, {
+          arr: err,
+          bool: err,
+          foreign: err,
+          lambda: err,
+          num: rhs => f(lhs, rhs),
+          undef: err,
+          obj: err,
+          str: err,
+        }),
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  plus(that: Value) {
+    const errNum = badType('num')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: errNum,
+      bool: errNum,
+      foreign: errNum,
+      lambda: errNum,
+      num: lhs =>
+        select(that, {
+          arr: errNum,
+          bool: errNum,
+          foreign: errNum,
+          lambda: errNum,
+          num: rhs => lhs + rhs,
+          undef: errNum,
+          obj: errNum,
+          str: errNum,
+        }),
+      undef: errNum,
+      obj: errNum,
+      str: lhs => Value.str(lhs + that.toString()),
+    })
+  }
+  minus(that: Value) {
+    return this.binaryNumericOperator(this, that, (a, b) => a - b)
+  }
+  times(that: Value) {
+    return this.binaryNumericOperator(this, that, (a, b) => a * b)
+  }
+  power(that: Value) {
+    return this.binaryNumericOperator(this, that, (a, b) => a ** b)
+  }
+  over(that: Value) {
+    return this.binaryNumericOperator(this, that, (a, b) => a / b)
+  }
+  modulo(that: Value) {
+    return this.binaryNumericOperator(this, that, (a, b) => a % b)
+  }
+
+  negate() {
+    return Value.num(0).minus(this)
+  }
+
+  isToZero(comparator: '<' | '<=' | '==' | '!=' | '>=' | '>'): Value {
+    const err = badType('num')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: n =>
+        switchOn(comparator, {
+          '<': () => Value.bool(n < 0),
+          '<=': () => Value.bool(n <= 0),
+          '==': () => Value.bool(n == 0),
+          '!=': () => Value.bool(n !== 0),
+          '>=': () => Value.bool(n >= 0),
+          '>': () => Value.bool(n > 0),
+        }),
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  isTrue(): boolean {
+    const err = badType('bool')
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: b => b,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  isZero(): boolean {
+    const err = badType('num')
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: n => n === 0,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines the order beteween `this` and the given argument (`that`). The behavior of this method is dictated by
+   * the following principles:
+   *
+   * (i) if a < b then b >= a (i.e., it provides a consistent answer regardless of the whether `this` is `a`
+   *    and `that` is `b` or vice versa)
+   * (ii) ordering two values of different type result in runtime error.
+   * (iii) orderingg a value with itself evaluates to `0`
+   *
+   * Principles (i) and (iii) realizes the intuitive behavior of comparisons. (ii) realizes the idea that
+   * "one cannot compare oranges and apples". This is essentially a design decision. We could have gone with defining
+   * some order between types (the tag of a Value object), but we feel that a saner approach is to say "we do not know
+   * how to sort an array containing numbers and booleans".
+   *
+   * IMPORTANT: these principles overpower other principles. In parituclar, the principles that "an expression with
+   * sink evaluates to sink" is trumped by comparison principle (ii)
+   *
+   * @param that
+   * @returns
+   */
+  order(that: Value): Value {
+    const err = (_u: unknown, t: Tag) => {
+      throw new Error(`Cannot compare a value of type ${t}`)
+    }
+
+    if (this.inner.tag !== that.inner.tag) {
+      throw new Error(`Cannot compare a ${this.inner.tag} value with a value of another type (${that.inner.tag})`)
+    }
+
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: lhs => {
+        const rhs = that.assertBool()
+
+        return lhs && !rhs ? 1 : !lhs && rhs ? -1 : 0
+      },
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: () => {
+        const d = this.minus(that).assertNum()
+        return d < 0 ? -1 : d > 0 ? 1 : 0
+      },
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: a => {
+        const rhs = that.assertStr()
+
+        const d = a.localeCompare(rhs)
+        return d < 0 ? -1 : d > 0 ? 1 : 0
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
+  static toStringOrNumber(input: string | Value): string | number {
+    if (typeof input === 'string') {
+      return input
+    }
+
+    const err = badType('str', 'num')
+    return selectRaw<string | number>(input, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: a => a,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: a => a,
+    })
+  }
+
+  access(indexValue: string | Value, callEvaluator: CallEvaluator): Value {
+    const err = badType('obj', 'str', 'arr')
+
+    const ctor = 'constructor'
+    if ((typeof indexValue === 'object' && indexValue.toString() === ctor) || indexValue == ctor) {
+      return Value.from({
+        name: select(this, {
+          arr: () => Value.from('Array'),
+          bool: () => Value.from('Boolean'),
+          foreign: () => Value.from('Foreign'),
+          lambda: () => Value.from('Function'),
+          num: () => Value.from('Number'),
+          obj: () => Value.from('Object'),
+          str: () => Value.from('String'),
+          undef: () => Value.from('Undefined'),
+        }),
+      })
+    }
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: a => {
+        if (typeof indexValue === 'string') {
+          return findArrayMethod(a, indexValue, callEvaluator)
+        }
+
+        const i: number = indexValue.assertNum()
+        if (i < 0 || i > a.length) {
+          throw new Error(`array index (${i}) is out of bounds (length = ${a.length})`)
+        }
+        return a[i]
+      },
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: o => o[Value.toStringOrNumber(indexValue)],
+      str: s => findStringMethod(s, indexValue),
+    })
+  }
+
+  call(args: Value[], evaluator: LambdaEvaluator) {
+    const err = badType('lambda', 'foreign')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: f => from(f(...args)),
+      lambda: l => evaluator(l.ast.formalArgs, l.ast.body, l.table),
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  keys() {
+    const err = badType('obj')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: a => Object.keys(a),
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  entries() {
+    const err = badType('obj')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: err,
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: a => Object.entries(a),
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  fromEntries() {
+    const err = badType('arr')
+    return select(this, {
+      arr: a =>
+        Object.fromEntries(
+          a
+            .map(x =>
+              selectRaw(x, {
+                arr: pair => {
+                  pair.length === 2 || failMe(`each entry must be a [key, value] pair`)
+                  return [pair[0].assertStr(), pair[1]]
+                },
+                bool: err,
+                foreign: err,
+                lambda: err,
+                num: err,
+                undef: err,
+                obj: err,
+                str: err,
+              }),
+            )
+            .filter(([_, v]) => !Value.from(v).isUndefined()),
+        ),
+      bool: err,
+      foreign: err,
+      lambda: err,
+      num: err,
+      undef: err,
+      obj: err,
+      str: err,
+    })
+  }
+
+  toString() {
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: a => JSON.stringify(a),
+      bool: a => String(a),
+      num: a => String(a),
+      str: a => a,
+      lambda: a => String(a),
+      foreign: a => String(a),
+      obj: a => JSON.stringify(a),
+      undef: () => 'undefined',
+    })
+  }
+
+  toBoolean() {
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: () => true,
+      bool: a => a,
+      num: a => Boolean(a),
+      str: a => Boolean(a),
+      lambda: () => true,
+      foreign: () => true,
+      obj: () => true,
+      undef: () => false,
+    })
+  }
+
+  toNumber() {
+    return selectRaw(this, {
+      arr: () => NaN,
+      bool: a => (a ? 1 : 0),
+      num: a => a,
+      str: a => Number(a),
+      lambda: () => NaN,
+      foreign: () => NaN,
+      obj: () => NaN,
+      undef: () => NaN,
+    })
+  }
+
+  toJSON(): unknown {
+    const copy: (v: Value) => unknown = (v: Value) => {
+      return selectRaw<unknown>(v, {
+        arr: a => a.map(x => copy(x)),
+        bool: a => a,
+        foreign: a => a.toString(),
+        lambda: a => show(a.ast),
+        num: a => a,
+        undef: () => undefined,
+        obj: a => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(a).map(([k, x]) => [k, copy(x)])),
+        str: a => a,
+      })
+    }
+
+    return copy(this)
+  }
+
+  export(): unknown {
+    return this.toJSON()
+  }
+
+  static from(u: unknown) {
+    return from(u)
+  }
+}
+
+function from(u: unknown): Value {
+  if (u instanceof Value) {
+    return u
+  }
+  if (typeof u === 'boolean') {
+    return Value.bool(u)
+  }
+  if (typeof u === 'number') {
+    return Value.num(u)
+  }
+  if (typeof u === 'undefined' || u === null) {
+    return Value.undef()
+  }
+  if (typeof u === 'string') {
+    return Value.str(u)
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(u)) {
+    return Value.arr(u.map(curr => from(curr)))
+  }
+
+  if (u && typeof u === 'object') {
+    return Value.obj(Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(u).map(([k, v]) => [k, from(v)])))
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(`cannot convert ${JSON.stringify(u)} to Value`)
+}