sememe 0.0.0-stage → 0.4.21

package/vendor/anza-solana-sdk/8db406e2edfafa25939ec782b77b5b6f30de164d/system-interface/src/instruction.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1899 @@
+//! Instructions and constructors for the system program.
+//!
+//! The system program is responsible for the creation of accounts and [nonce
+//! accounts][na]. It is responsible for transferring lamports from accounts
+//! owned by the system program, including typical user wallet accounts.
+//!
+//! [na]: https://docs.solanalabs.com/implemented-proposals/durable-tx-nonces
+//!
+//! Account creation typically involves three steps: [`allocate`] space,
+//! [`transfer`] lamports for rent, [`assign`] to its owning program. The
+//! [`create_account`] function does all three at once. All new accounts must
+//! contain enough lamports to be [rent exempt], or else the creation
+//! instruction will fail.
+//!
+//! [rent exempt]: https://solana.com/docs/core/accounts#rent-exemption
+//!
+//! The [`create_account`] function requires that the account have zero
+//! lamports. [`create_account_allow_prefund`] allows for the account to have
+//! lamports prefunded; note that without feature activation of [SIMD-0312],
+//! [`create_account_allow_prefund`] will fail downstream.
+//!
+//! [SIMD-0312]: https://github.com/solana-foundation/solana-improvement-documents/pull/312
+//!
+//! The accounts created by the System program can either be user-controlled,
+//! where the secret keys are held outside the blockchain,
+//! or they can be [program derived addresses][pda],
+//! where write access to accounts is granted by an owning program.
+//!
+//! [pda]: https://docs.rs/solana-address/latest/solana_address/struct.Address.html#method.find_program_address
+//!
+//! Most of the functions in this module construct an [`Instruction`], that must
+//! be submitted to the runtime for execution, either via RPC, typically with
+//! [`RpcClient`], or through [cross-program invocation][cpi].
+//!
+//! When invoking through CPI, the [`invoke`] or [`invoke_signed`] instruction
+//! requires all account references to be provided explicitly as [`AccountInfo`]
+//! values. The account references required are specified in the documentation
+//! for the [`SystemInstruction`] variants for each System program instruction,
+//! and these variants are linked from the documentation for their constructors.
+//!
+//! [`RpcClient`]: https://docs.rs/solana-client/latest/solana_client/rpc_client/struct.RpcClient.html
+//! [cpi]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/index.html
+//! [`invoke`]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+//! [`invoke_signed`]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke_signed.html
+//! [`AccountInfo`]: https://docs.rs/solana-account-info/latest/solana_account_info/struct.AccountInfo.html
+//! [`Instruction`]:
+//! https://docs.rs/solana-instruction/latest/solana_instruction/struct.Instruction.html
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+use {
+    crate::program::ID,
+    alloc::{string::ToString, vec, vec::Vec},
+    solana_instruction::{AccountMeta, Instruction},
+};
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use {alloc::string::String, solana_address::Address};
+
+// Inline some constants to avoid dependencies.
+//
+// Note: replace these inline IDs with the corresponding value from
+// `solana_sdk_ids` once the version is updated to 2.2.0.
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+const RECENT_BLOCKHASHES_ID: Address =
+    Address::from_str_const("SysvarRecentB1ockHashes11111111111111111111");
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+const RENT_ID: Address = Address::from_str_const("SysvarRent111111111111111111111111111111111");
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+#[cfg(test)]
+static_assertions::const_assert_eq!(solana_nonce::state::State::size(), NONCE_STATE_SIZE);
+/// The serialized size of the nonce state.
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+const NONCE_STATE_SIZE: usize = 80;
+
+/// An instruction to the system program.
+#[cfg_attr(
+    feature = "frozen-abi",
+    solana_frozen_abi_macro::frozen_abi(digest = "CBvp4X1gf36kwDqnprAa6MpKckptiAHfXSxFRHFnNRVw"),
+    derive(
+        solana_frozen_abi_macro::AbiExample,
+        solana_frozen_abi_macro::AbiEnumVisitor
+    )
+)]
+#[cfg_attr(
+    feature = "serde",
+    derive(serde_derive::Deserialize, serde_derive::Serialize)
+)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "wincode", derive(wincode::SchemaRead, wincode::SchemaWrite))]
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum SystemInstruction {
+    /// Create a new account
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE, SIGNER]` Funding account
+    ///   1. `[WRITE, SIGNER]` New account
+    CreateAccount {
+        /// Number of lamports to transfer to the new account
+        lamports: u64,
+
+        /// Number of bytes of memory to allocate
+        space: u64,
+
+        /// Address of program that will own the new account
+        owner: Address,
+    },
+
+    /// Assign account to a program
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE, SIGNER]` Assigned account public key
+    Assign {
+        /// Owner program account
+        owner: Address,
+    },
+
+    /// Transfer lamports
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE, SIGNER]` Funding account
+    ///   1. `[WRITE]` Recipient account
+    Transfer { lamports: u64 },
+
+    /// Create a new account at an address derived from a base address and a seed
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE, SIGNER]` Funding account
+    ///   1. `[WRITE]` Created account
+    ///   2. `[SIGNER]` (optional) Base account; the account matching the base address below must be
+    ///      provided as a signer, but may be the same as the funding account
+    ///      and provided as account 0
+    CreateAccountWithSeed {
+        /// Base address
+        base: Address,
+
+        /// String of ASCII chars, no longer than `Address::MAX_SEED_LEN`
+        seed: String,
+
+        /// Number of lamports to transfer to the new account
+        lamports: u64,
+
+        /// Number of bytes of memory to allocate
+        space: u64,
+
+        /// Owner program account address
+        owner: Address,
+    },
+
+    /// Consumes a stored nonce, replacing it with a successor
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE]` Nonce account
+    ///   1. `[]` RecentBlockhashes sysvar
+    ///   2. `[SIGNER]` Nonce authority
+    AdvanceNonceAccount,
+
+    /// Withdraw funds from a nonce account
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE]` Nonce account
+    ///   1. `[WRITE]` Recipient account
+    ///   2. `[]` RecentBlockhashes sysvar
+    ///   3. `[]` Rent sysvar
+    ///   4. `[SIGNER]` Nonce authority
+    ///
+    /// The `u64` parameter is the lamports to withdraw, which must leave the
+    /// account balance above the rent exempt reserve or at zero.
+    WithdrawNonceAccount(u64),
+
+    /// Drive state of Uninitialized nonce account to Initialized, setting the nonce value
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE]` Nonce account
+    ///   1. `[]` RecentBlockhashes sysvar
+    ///   2. `[]` Rent sysvar
+    ///
+    /// The `Address` parameter specifies the entity authorized to execute nonce
+    /// instruction on the account
+    ///
+    /// No signatures are required to execute this instruction, enabling derived
+    /// nonce account addresses.
+    ///
+    /// This instruction MUST be included within the same Transaction as the
+    /// system program's `CreateAccount` instruction that creates the account
+    /// being initialized. Otherwise another party can acquire ownership of the
+    /// uninitialized account.
+    InitializeNonceAccount(Address),
+
+    /// Change the entity authorized to execute nonce instructions on the account
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE]` Nonce account
+    ///   1. `[SIGNER]` Nonce authority
+    ///
+    /// The `Address` parameter identifies the entity to authorize
+    AuthorizeNonceAccount(Address),
+
+    /// Allocate space in a (possibly new) account without funding
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE, SIGNER]` New account
+    Allocate {
+        /// Number of bytes of memory to allocate
+        space: u64,
+    },
+
+    /// Allocate space for and assign an account at an address
+    /// derived from a base public key and a seed
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE]` Allocated account
+    ///   1. `[SIGNER]` Base account
+    AllocateWithSeed {
+        /// Base address
+        base: Address,
+
+        /// String of ASCII chars, no longer than `Address::MAX_SEED_LEN`
+        seed: String,
+
+        /// Number of bytes of memory to allocate
+        space: u64,
+
+        /// Owner program account
+        owner: Address,
+    },
+
+    /// Assign account to a program based on a seed
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE]` Assigned account
+    ///   1. `[SIGNER]` Base account
+    AssignWithSeed {
+        /// Base address
+        base: Address,
+
+        /// String of ASCII chars, no longer than `Address::MAX_SEED_LEN`
+        seed: String,
+
+        /// Owner program account
+        owner: Address,
+    },
+
+    /// Transfer lamports from a derived address
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE]` Funding account
+    ///   1. `[SIGNER]` Base for funding account
+    ///   2. `[WRITE]` Recipient account
+    TransferWithSeed {
+        /// Amount to transfer
+        lamports: u64,
+
+        /// Seed to use to derive the funding account address
+        from_seed: String,
+
+        /// Owner to use to derive the funding account address
+        from_owner: Address,
+    },
+
+    /// One-time idempotent upgrade of legacy nonce versions in order to bump
+    /// them out of chain blockhash domain.
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    ///   0. `[WRITE]` Nonce account
+    UpgradeNonceAccount,
+
+    /// Create a new account without enforcing the invariant that the account's
+    /// current lamports must be 0.
+    ///
+    /// This constructor is identical to [`create_account`] with the exception that it
+    /// **does not** check that the destination account (`to_address`) has a zero
+    /// lamport balance prior to creation. This enables patterns where you first transfer
+    /// lamports to prefund an account, then use `create_account_allow_prefund` as a single
+    /// CPI to transfer additional lamports, allocate space, and assign ownership.
+    ///
+    /// Use [`create_account`] for typical account creation.
+    /// Use [`create_account_allow_prefund`] when the target account has already been
+    /// prefunded and you want to complete the creation process with a single CPI.
+    ///
+    /// **Safety considerations**
+    /// As with `allocate` and `assign` when invoked manually, this instruction can brick
+    /// a wallet if used incorrectly; do not pass in a wallet system account as the new
+    /// account. This instruction does not prevent the new account from having more
+    /// lamports than required for rent exemption, and all lamports will become locked.
+    ///
+    /// # Account references
+    /// If `lamports > 0` (meaning lamports are being transferred):
+    ///   0. `[WRITE, SIGNER]` New account
+    ///   1. `[WRITE, SIGNER]` Funding account
+    ///
+    /// If `lamports == 0` (no lamports to be transferred), you may omit funding account:
+    ///   0. `[WRITE, SIGNER]` New account
+    CreateAccountAllowPrefund {
+        /// Number of lamports to transfer to the new account
+        lamports: u64,
+
+        /// Number of bytes of memory to allocate
+        space: u64,
+
+        /// Address of program that will own the new account
+        owner: Address,
+    },
+}
+
+/// Create an instruction using bincode.
+#[cfg(all(feature = "bincode", not(feature = "wincode")))]
+#[inline(always)]
+fn create_instruction<T>(program_id: Address, data: &T, accounts: Vec<AccountMeta>) -> Instruction
+where
+    T: serde::Serialize,
+{
+    Instruction::new_with_bincode(program_id, data, accounts)
+}
+
+/// Create an instruction using wincode.
+#[cfg(feature = "wincode")]
+#[inline(always)]
+fn create_instruction<T>(program_id: Address, data: &T, accounts: Vec<AccountMeta>) -> Instruction
+where
+    T: wincode::Serialize<Src = T>,
+{
+    Instruction::new_with_wincode(program_id, data, accounts)
+}
+
+/// Create an account, failing if the account previously had any balance.
+///
+/// This function produces an [`Instruction`] which must be submitted in a
+/// [`Transaction`] or [invoked] to take effect, containing a serialized
+///
+/// [`SystemInstruction::CreateAccount`].
+///
+/// [`Transaction`]: https://docs.rs/solana-sdk/latest/solana_sdk/transaction/struct.Transaction.html
+/// [invoked]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+///
+/// Account creation typically involves three steps: [`allocate`] space,
+/// [`transfer`] lamports for rent, [`assign`] to its owning program. The
+/// [`create_account`] function does all three at once.
+///
+/// # Security issues
+///
+/// Using this function is a security issue if the `to_address` is predictable
+/// by an attacker. The attacker can prefund the address with lamports and
+/// thereby prevent the successful execution of the `create_account` call. This
+/// can DoS an on-chain program.
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `from_address` and `to_address` signers must sign the transaction.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// These examples use a single invocation of
+/// [`SystemInstruction::CreateAccount`] to create a new account, allocate some
+/// space, transfer it the minimum lamports for rent exemption, and assign it to
+/// the system program,
+///
+/// ## Example: client-side RPC
+///
+/// This example submits the instruction from an RPC client.
+/// The `payer` and `new_account` are signers.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_keypair;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_signer;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_transaction;
+/// use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_keypair::Keypair;
+/// use solana_signer::Signer;
+/// use solana_system_interface::{instruction, program};
+/// use solana_transaction::Transaction;
+/// use anyhow::Result;
+///
+/// fn create_account(
+///     client: &RpcClient,
+///     payer: &Keypair,
+///     new_account: &Keypair,
+///     space: u64,
+/// ) -> Result<()> {
+///     let rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space.try_into()?)?;
+///     let instr = instruction::create_account(
+///         &payer.pubkey(),
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         rent,
+///         space,
+///         &program::ID,
+///     );
+///
+///     let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
+///     let tx = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
+///         &[instr],
+///         Some(&payer.pubkey()),
+///         &[payer, new_account],
+///         blockhash,
+///     );
+///
+///     let _sig = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// # let payer = Keypair::new();
+/// # let new_account = Keypair::new();
+/// # let client = RpcClient::new(String::new());
+/// # create_account(&client, &payer, &new_account, 0);
+/// #
+/// # Ok::<(), anyhow::Error>(())
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Example: on-chain program
+///
+/// This example submits the instruction from an on-chain Solana program. The
+/// created account is a [program derived address][pda]. The `payer` and
+/// `new_account_pda` are signers, with `new_account_pda` being signed for
+/// virtually by the program itself via [`invoke_signed`], `payer` being signed
+/// for by the client that submitted the transaction.
+///
+/// [pda]: https://docs.rs/solana-address/latest/solana_address/struct.Address.html#method.find_program_address
+/// [`invoke_signed`]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke_signed.html
+///
+/// ```
+/// use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
+/// use solana_account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo};
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_cpi::invoke_signed;
+/// use solana_program_entrypoint::entrypoint;
+/// use solana_program_error::ProgramResult;
+/// use solana_system_interface::{instruction, program};
+/// use solana_sysvar::{rent::Rent, Sysvar};
+///
+/// #[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
+/// pub struct CreateAccountInstruction {
+///     /// The PDA seed used to distinguish the new account from other PDAs
+///     pub new_account_seed: [u8; 16],
+///     /// The PDA bump seed
+///     pub new_account_bump_seed: u8,
+///     /// The amount of space to allocate for `new_account_pda`
+///     pub space: u64,
+/// }
+///
+/// entrypoint!(process_instruction);
+///
+/// fn process_instruction(
+///     program_id: &Address,
+///     accounts: &[AccountInfo],
+///     instruction_data: &[u8],
+/// ) -> ProgramResult {
+///     let instr = CreateAccountInstruction::deserialize(&mut &instruction_data[..])?;
+///
+///     let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
+///
+///     let payer = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///     let new_account_pda = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///     let system_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///
+///     assert!(payer.is_signer);
+///     assert!(payer.is_writable);
+///     // Note that `new_account_pda` is not a signer yet.
+///     // This program will sign for it via `invoke_signed`.
+///     assert!(!new_account_pda.is_signer);
+///     assert!(new_account_pda.is_writable);
+///     assert!(program::check_id(system_account.key));
+///
+///     let new_account_seed = &instr.new_account_seed;
+///     let new_account_bump_seed = instr.new_account_bump_seed;
+///
+///     let rent = Rent::get()?
+///         .minimum_balance(instr.space.try_into().expect("overflow"));
+///
+///     invoke_signed(
+///         &instruction::create_account(
+///             payer.key,
+///             new_account_pda.key,
+///             rent,
+///             instr.space,
+///             &program::ID
+///         ),
+///         &[payer.clone(), new_account_pda.clone()],
+///         &[&[
+///             payer.key.as_ref(),
+///             new_account_seed,
+///             &[new_account_bump_seed],
+///         ]],
+///     )?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn create_account(
+    from_address: &Address,
+    to_address: &Address,
+    lamports: u64,
+    space: u64,
+    owner: &Address,
+) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![
+        AccountMeta::new(*from_address, true),
+        AccountMeta::new(*to_address, true),
+    ];
+    create_instruction(
+        ID,
+        &SystemInstruction::CreateAccount {
+            lamports,
+            space,
+            owner: *owner,
+        },
+        account_metas,
+    )
+}
+
+// we accept `to` as a parameter so that callers do their own error handling when
+//   calling create_with_seed()
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn create_account_with_seed(
+    from_address: &Address,
+    to_address: &Address, // must match create_with_seed(base, seed, owner)
+    base: &Address,
+    seed: &str,
+    lamports: u64,
+    space: u64,
+    owner: &Address,
+) -> Instruction {
+    let mut account_metas = vec![
+        AccountMeta::new(*from_address, true),
+        AccountMeta::new(*to_address, false),
+    ];
+    if base != from_address {
+        account_metas.push(AccountMeta::new_readonly(*base, true));
+    }
+
+    create_instruction(
+        ID,
+        &SystemInstruction::CreateAccountWithSeed {
+            base: *base,
+            seed: seed.to_string(),
+            lamports,
+            space,
+            owner: *owner,
+        },
+        account_metas,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Assign ownership of an account from the system program.
+///
+/// This function produces an [`Instruction`] which must be submitted in a
+/// [`Transaction`] or [invoked] to take effect, containing a serialized
+/// [`SystemInstruction::Assign`].
+///
+/// [`Transaction`]: https://docs.rs/solana-sdk/latest/solana_sdk/transaction/struct.Transaction.html
+/// [invoked]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `address` signer must sign the transaction.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// These examples allocate space for an account, transfer it the minimum
+/// balance for rent exemption, and assign the account to a program.
+///
+/// ## Example: client-side RPC
+///
+/// This example submits the instructions from an RPC client.
+/// It assigns the account to a provided program account.
+/// The `payer` and `new_account` are signers.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_keypair;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_signer;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_transaction;
+/// use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_keypair::Keypair;
+/// use solana_signer::Signer;
+/// use solana_system_interface::instruction;
+/// use solana_transaction::Transaction;
+/// use anyhow::Result;
+///
+/// fn create_account(
+///     client: &RpcClient,
+///     payer: &Keypair,
+///     new_account: &Keypair,
+///     owning_program: &Address,
+///     space: u64,
+/// ) -> Result<()> {
+///     let rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space.try_into()?)?;
+///
+///     let transfer_instr = instruction::transfer(
+///         &payer.pubkey(),
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         rent,
+///     );
+///
+///     let allocate_instr = instruction::allocate(
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         space,
+///     );
+///
+///     let assign_instr = instruction::assign(
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         owning_program,
+///     );
+///
+///     let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
+///     let tx = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
+///         &[transfer_instr, allocate_instr, assign_instr],
+///         Some(&payer.pubkey()),
+///         &[payer, new_account],
+///         blockhash,
+///     );
+///
+///     let _sig = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// # let client = RpcClient::new(String::new());
+/// # let payer = Keypair::new();
+/// # let new_account = Keypair::new();
+/// # let owning_program = Address::new_unique();
+/// # create_account(&client, &payer, &new_account, &owning_program, 1);
+/// #
+/// # Ok::<(), anyhow::Error>(())
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Example: on-chain program
+///
+/// This example submits the instructions from an on-chain Solana program. The
+/// created account is a [program derived address][pda], funded by `payer`, and
+/// assigned to the running program. The `payer` and `new_account_pda` are
+/// signers, with `new_account_pda` being signed for virtually by the program
+/// itself via [`invoke_signed`], `payer` being signed for by the client that
+/// submitted the transaction.
+///
+/// [pda]: https://docs.rs/solana-address/latest/solana_address/struct.Address.html#method.find_program_address
+/// [`invoke_signed`]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke_signed.html
+///
+/// ```
+/// use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
+/// use solana_account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo};
+/// use solana_cpi::invoke_signed;
+/// use solana_program_entrypoint::entrypoint;
+/// use solana_program_error::ProgramResult;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_system_interface::{instruction, program};
+/// use solana_sysvar::{rent::Rent, Sysvar};
+///
+/// #[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
+/// pub struct CreateAccountInstruction {
+///     /// The PDA seed used to distinguish the new account from other PDAs
+///     pub new_account_seed: [u8; 16],
+///     /// The PDA bump seed
+///     pub new_account_bump_seed: u8,
+///     /// The amount of space to allocate for `new_account_pda`
+///     pub space: u64,
+/// }
+///
+/// entrypoint!(process_instruction);
+///
+/// fn process_instruction(
+///     program_id: &Address,
+///     accounts: &[AccountInfo],
+///     instruction_data: &[u8],
+/// ) -> ProgramResult {
+///     let instr = CreateAccountInstruction::deserialize(&mut &instruction_data[..])?;
+///
+///     let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
+///
+///     let payer = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///     let new_account_pda = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///     let system_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///
+///     assert!(payer.is_signer);
+///     assert!(payer.is_writable);
+///     // Note that `new_account_pda` is not a signer yet.
+///     // This program will sign for it via `invoke_signed`.
+///     assert!(!new_account_pda.is_signer);
+///     assert!(new_account_pda.is_writable);
+///     assert!(program::check_id(system_account.key));
+///
+///     let new_account_seed = &instr.new_account_seed;
+///     let new_account_bump_seed = instr.new_account_bump_seed;
+///
+///     let rent = Rent::get()?
+///         .minimum_balance(instr.space.try_into().expect("overflow"));
+///
+///     invoke_signed(
+///         &instruction::create_account(
+///             payer.key,
+///             new_account_pda.key,
+///             rent,
+///             instr.space,
+///             &program::ID
+///         ),
+///         &[payer.clone(), new_account_pda.clone()],
+///         &[&[
+///             payer.key.as_ref(),
+///             new_account_seed,
+///             &[new_account_bump_seed],
+///         ]],
+///     )?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn assign(address: &Address, owner: &Address) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![AccountMeta::new(*address, true)];
+    create_instruction(
+        ID,
+        &SystemInstruction::Assign { owner: *owner },
+        account_metas,
+    )
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn assign_with_seed(
+    address: &Address, // must match create_with_seed(base, seed, owner)
+    base: &Address,
+    seed: &str,
+    owner: &Address,
+) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![
+        AccountMeta::new(*address, false),
+        AccountMeta::new_readonly(*base, true),
+    ];
+    create_instruction(
+        ID,
+        &SystemInstruction::AssignWithSeed {
+            base: *base,
+            seed: seed.to_string(),
+            owner: *owner,
+        },
+        account_metas,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Transfer lamports from an account owned by the system program.
+///
+/// This function produces an [`Instruction`] which must be submitted in a
+/// [`Transaction`] or [invoked] to take effect, containing a serialized
+/// [`SystemInstruction::Transfer`].
+///
+/// [`Transaction`]: https://docs.rs/solana-sdk/latest/solana_sdk/transaction/struct.Transaction.html
+/// [invoked]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `from_address` signer must sign the transaction.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// These examples allocate space for an account, transfer it the minimum
+/// balance for rent exemption, and assign the account to a program.
+///
+/// # Example: client-side RPC
+///
+/// This example submits the instructions from an RPC client.
+/// It assigns the account to a provided program account.
+/// The `payer` and `new_account` are signers.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_keypair;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_signer;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_transaction;
+/// use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_keypair::Keypair;
+/// use solana_signer::Signer;
+/// use solana_system_interface::instruction;
+/// use solana_transaction::Transaction;
+/// use anyhow::Result;
+///
+/// fn create_account(
+///     client: &RpcClient,
+///     payer: &Keypair,
+///     new_account: &Keypair,
+///     owning_program: &Address,
+///     space: u64,
+/// ) -> Result<()> {
+///     let rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space.try_into()?)?;
+///
+///     let transfer_instr = instruction::transfer(
+///         &payer.pubkey(),
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         rent,
+///     );
+///
+///     let allocate_instr = instruction::allocate(
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         space,
+///     );
+///
+///     let assign_instr = instruction::assign(
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         owning_program,
+///     );
+///
+///     let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
+///     let tx = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
+///         &[transfer_instr, allocate_instr, assign_instr],
+///         Some(&payer.pubkey()),
+///         &[payer, new_account],
+///         blockhash,
+///     );
+///
+///     let _sig = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// # let client = RpcClient::new(String::new());
+/// # let payer = Keypair::new();
+/// # let new_account = Keypair::new();
+/// # let owning_program = Address::new_unique();
+/// # create_account(&client, &payer, &new_account, &owning_program, 1);
+/// #
+/// # Ok::<(), anyhow::Error>(())
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Example: on-chain program
+///
+/// This example submits the instructions from an on-chain Solana program. The
+/// created account is a [program derived address][pda], funded by `payer`, and
+/// assigned to the running program. The `payer` and `new_account_pda` are
+/// signers, with `new_account_pda` being signed for virtually by the program
+/// itself via [`invoke_signed`], `payer` being signed for by the client that
+/// submitted the transaction.
+///
+/// [pda]: https://docs.rs/solana-address/latest/solana_address/struct.Address.html#method.find_program_address
+/// [`invoke_signed`]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke_signed.html
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
+/// use solana_account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo};
+/// use solana_cpi::invoke_signed;
+/// use solana_program_entrypoint::entrypoint;
+/// use solana_program_error::ProgramResult;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_system_interface::{instruction, program};
+/// use solana_sysvar::{rent::Rent, Sysvar};
+///
+/// #[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
+/// # #[borsh(crate = "borsh")]
+/// pub struct CreateAccountInstruction {
+///     /// The PDA seed used to distinguish the new account from other PDAs
+///     pub new_account_seed: [u8; 16],
+///     /// The PDA bump seed
+///     pub new_account_bump_seed: u8,
+///     /// The amount of space to allocate for `new_account_pda`
+///     pub space: u64,
+/// }
+///
+/// entrypoint!(process_instruction);
+///
+/// fn process_instruction(
+///     program_id: &Address,
+///     accounts: &[AccountInfo],
+///     instruction_data: &[u8],
+/// ) -> ProgramResult {
+///     let instr = CreateAccountInstruction::deserialize(&mut &instruction_data[..])?;
+///
+///     let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
+///
+///     let payer = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///     let new_account_pda = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///     let system_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///
+///     assert!(payer.is_signer);
+///     assert!(payer.is_writable);
+///     // Note that `new_account_pda` is not a signer yet.
+///     // This program will sign for it via `invoke_signed`.
+///     assert!(!new_account_pda.is_signer);
+///     assert!(new_account_pda.is_writable);
+///     assert!(program::check_id(system_account.key));
+///
+///     let new_account_seed = &instr.new_account_seed;
+///     let new_account_bump_seed = instr.new_account_bump_seed;
+///
+///     let rent = Rent::get()?
+///         .minimum_balance(instr.space.try_into().expect("overflow"));
+///
+///     invoke_signed(
+///         &instruction::create_account(
+///             payer.key,
+///             new_account_pda.key,
+///             rent,
+///             instr.space,
+///             &program::ID
+///         ),
+///         &[payer.clone(), new_account_pda.clone()],
+///         &[&[
+///             payer.key.as_ref(),
+///             new_account_seed,
+///             &[new_account_bump_seed],
+///         ]],
+///     )?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn transfer(from_address: &Address, to_address: &Address, lamports: u64) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![
+        AccountMeta::new(*from_address, true),
+        AccountMeta::new(*to_address, false),
+    ];
+    create_instruction(ID, &SystemInstruction::Transfer { lamports }, account_metas)
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn transfer_with_seed(
+    from_address: &Address, // must match create_with_seed(base, seed, owner)
+    from_base: &Address,
+    from_seed: String,
+    from_owner: &Address,
+    to_address: &Address,
+    lamports: u64,
+) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![
+        AccountMeta::new(*from_address, false),
+        AccountMeta::new_readonly(*from_base, true),
+        AccountMeta::new(*to_address, false),
+    ];
+    create_instruction(
+        ID,
+        &SystemInstruction::TransferWithSeed {
+            lamports,
+            from_seed,
+            from_owner: *from_owner,
+        },
+        account_metas,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Allocate space for an account.
+///
+/// This function produces an [`Instruction`] which must be submitted in a
+/// [`Transaction`] or [invoked] to take effect, containing a serialized
+/// [`SystemInstruction::Allocate`].
+///
+/// [`Transaction`]: https://docs.rs/solana-sdk/latest/solana_sdk/transaction/struct.Transaction.html
+/// [invoked]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+///
+/// The transaction will fail if the account already has size greater than 0,
+/// or if the requested size is greater than [`super::MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_LENGTH`].
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `address` signer must sign the transaction.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// These examples allocate space for an account, transfer it the minimum
+/// balance for rent exemption, and assign the account to a program.
+///
+/// # Example: client-side RPC
+///
+/// This example submits the instructions from an RPC client.
+/// It assigns the account to a provided program account.
+/// The `payer` and `new_account` are signers.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_keypair;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_signer;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_transaction;
+/// use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_keypair::Keypair;
+/// use solana_signer::Signer;
+/// use solana_system_interface::instruction;
+/// use solana_transaction::Transaction;
+/// use anyhow::Result;
+///
+/// fn create_account(
+///     client: &RpcClient,
+///     payer: &Keypair,
+///     new_account: &Keypair,
+///     owning_program: &Address,
+///     space: u64,
+/// ) -> Result<()> {
+///     let rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space.try_into()?)?;
+///
+///     let transfer_instr = instruction::transfer(
+///         &payer.pubkey(),
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         rent,
+///     );
+///
+///     let allocate_instr = instruction::allocate(
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         space,
+///     );
+///
+///     let assign_instr = instruction::assign(
+///         &new_account.pubkey(),
+///         owning_program,
+///     );
+///
+///     let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
+///     let tx = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
+///         &[transfer_instr, allocate_instr, assign_instr],
+///         Some(&payer.pubkey()),
+///         &[payer, new_account],
+///         blockhash,
+///     );
+///
+///     let _sig = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// # let client = RpcClient::new(String::new());
+/// # let payer = Keypair::new();
+/// # let new_account = Keypair::new();
+/// # let owning_program = Address::new_unique();
+/// # create_account(&client, &payer, &new_account, &owning_program, 1);
+/// #
+/// # Ok::<(), anyhow::Error>(())
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Example: on-chain program
+///
+/// This example submits the instructions from an on-chain Solana program. The
+/// created account is a [program derived address][pda], funded by `payer`, and
+/// assigned to the running program. The `payer` and `new_account_pda` are
+/// signers, with `new_account_pda` being signed for virtually by the program
+/// itself via [`invoke_signed`], `payer` being signed for by the client that
+/// submitted the transaction.
+///
+/// [pda]: https://docs.rs/solana-address/latest/solana_address/struct.Address.html#method.find_program_address
+/// [`invoke_signed`]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke_signed.html
+///
+/// ```
+/// use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
+/// use solana_account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo};
+/// use solana_cpi::invoke_signed;
+/// use solana_program_entrypoint::entrypoint;
+/// use solana_program_error::ProgramResult;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_system_interface::{instruction, program};
+/// use solana_sysvar::{rent::Rent, Sysvar};
+///
+/// #[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
+/// pub struct CreateAccountInstruction {
+///     /// The PDA seed used to distinguish the new account from other PDAs
+///     pub new_account_seed: [u8; 16],
+///     /// The PDA bump seed
+///     pub new_account_bump_seed: u8,
+///     /// The amount of space to allocate for `new_account_pda`
+///     pub space: u64,
+/// }
+///
+/// entrypoint!(process_instruction);
+///
+/// fn process_instruction(
+///     program_id: &Address,
+///     accounts: &[AccountInfo],
+///     instruction_data: &[u8],
+/// ) -> ProgramResult {
+///     let instr = CreateAccountInstruction::deserialize(&mut &instruction_data[..])?;
+///
+///     let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
+///
+///     let payer = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///     let new_account_pda = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///     let system_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///
+///     assert!(payer.is_signer);
+///     assert!(payer.is_writable);
+///     // Note that `new_account_pda` is not a signer yet.
+///     // This program will sign for it via `invoke_signed`.
+///     assert!(!new_account_pda.is_signer);
+///     assert!(new_account_pda.is_writable);
+///     assert!(program::check_id(system_account.key));
+///
+///     let new_account_seed = &instr.new_account_seed;
+///     let new_account_bump_seed = instr.new_account_bump_seed;
+///
+///     let rent = Rent::get()?
+///         .minimum_balance(instr.space.try_into().expect("overflow"));
+///
+///     invoke_signed(
+///         &instruction::create_account(
+///             payer.key,
+///             new_account_pda.key,
+///             rent,
+///             instr.space,
+///             &program::ID
+///         ),
+///         &[payer.clone(), new_account_pda.clone()],
+///         &[&[
+///             payer.key.as_ref(),
+///             new_account_seed,
+///             &[new_account_bump_seed],
+///         ]],
+///     )?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn allocate(address: &Address, space: u64) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![AccountMeta::new(*address, true)];
+    create_instruction(ID, &SystemInstruction::Allocate { space }, account_metas)
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn allocate_with_seed(
+    address: &Address, // must match create_with_seed(base, seed, owner)
+    base: &Address,
+    seed: &str,
+    space: u64,
+    owner: &Address,
+) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![
+        AccountMeta::new(*address, false),
+        AccountMeta::new_readonly(*base, true),
+    ];
+    create_instruction(
+        ID,
+        &SystemInstruction::AllocateWithSeed {
+            base: *base,
+            seed: seed.to_string(),
+            space,
+            owner: *owner,
+        },
+        account_metas,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Transfer lamports from an account owned by the system program to multiple accounts.
+///
+/// This function produces a vector of [`Instruction`]s which must be submitted
+/// in a [`Transaction`] or [invoked] to take effect, containing serialized
+/// [`SystemInstruction::Transfer`]s.
+///
+/// [`Transaction`]: https://docs.rs/solana-sdk/latest/solana_sdk/transaction/struct.Transaction.html
+/// [invoked]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `from_address` signer must sign the transaction.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ## Example: client-side RPC
+///
+/// This example performs multiple transfers in a single transaction.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_keypair;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_signer;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_transaction;
+/// use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_keypair::Keypair;
+/// use solana_signer::Signer;
+/// use solana_system_interface::instruction;
+/// use solana_transaction::Transaction;
+/// use anyhow::Result;
+///
+/// fn transfer_lamports_to_many(
+///     client: &RpcClient,
+///     from: &Keypair,
+///     to_and_amount: &[(Address, u64)],
+/// ) -> Result<()> {
+///     let instrs = instruction::transfer_many(&from.pubkey(), to_and_amount);
+///
+///     let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
+///     let tx = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
+///         &instrs,
+///         Some(&from.pubkey()),
+///         &[from],
+///         blockhash,
+///     );
+///
+///     let _sig = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// # let from = Keypair::new();
+/// # let to_and_amount = vec![
+/// #     (Address::new_unique(), 1_000),
+/// #     (Address::new_unique(), 2_000),
+/// #     (Address::new_unique(), 3_000),
+/// # ];
+/// # let client = RpcClient::new(String::new());
+/// # transfer_lamports_to_many(&client, &from, &to_and_amount);
+/// #
+/// # Ok::<(), anyhow::Error>(())
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Example: on-chain program
+///
+/// This example makes multiple transfers out of a "bank" account,
+/// a [program derived address][pda] owned by the calling program.
+/// This example submits the instructions from an on-chain Solana program. The
+/// created account is a [program derived address][pda], and it is assigned to
+/// the running program. The `payer` and `new_account_pda` are signers, with
+/// `new_account_pda` being signed for virtually by the program itself via
+/// [`invoke_signed`], `payer` being signed for by the client that submitted the
+/// transaction.
+///
+/// [pda]: https://docs.rs/solana-address/latest/solana_address/struct.Address.html#method.find_program_address
+/// [`invoke_signed`]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke_signed.html
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
+/// use solana_account_info::{next_account_info, next_account_infos, AccountInfo};
+/// use solana_cpi::invoke_signed;
+/// use solana_program_entrypoint::entrypoint;
+/// use solana_program_error::ProgramResult;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_system_interface::{instruction, program};
+///
+/// /// # Accounts
+/// ///
+/// /// - 0: bank_pda - writable
+/// /// - 1: system_program - executable
+/// /// - *: to - writable
+/// # #[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
+/// # #[borsh(crate = "borsh")]
+/// pub struct TransferLamportsToManyInstruction {
+///     pub bank_pda_bump_seed: u8,
+///     pub amount_list: Vec<u64>,
+/// }
+///
+/// entrypoint!(process_instruction);
+///
+/// fn process_instruction(
+///     program_id: &Address,
+///     accounts: &[AccountInfo],
+///     instruction_data: &[u8],
+/// ) -> ProgramResult {
+///     let instr = TransferLamportsToManyInstruction::deserialize(&mut &instruction_data[..])?;
+///
+///     let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
+///
+///     let bank_pda = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///     let bank_pda_bump_seed = instr.bank_pda_bump_seed;
+///     let system_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
+///
+///     assert!(program::check_id(system_account.key));
+///
+///     let to_accounts = next_account_infos(account_info_iter, account_info_iter.len())?;
+///
+///     for to_account in to_accounts {
+///          assert!(to_account.is_writable);
+///          // ... do other verification ...
+///     }
+///
+///     let to_and_amount = to_accounts
+///         .iter()
+///         .zip(instr.amount_list.iter())
+///         .map(|(to, amount)| (*to.key, *amount))
+///         .collect::<Vec<(Address, u64)>>();
+///
+///     let instrs = instruction::transfer_many(bank_pda.key, to_and_amount.as_ref());
+///
+///     for instr in instrs {
+///         invoke_signed(&instr, accounts, &[&[b"bank", &[bank_pda_bump_seed]]])?;
+///     }
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn transfer_many(from_address: &Address, to_lamports: &[(Address, u64)]) -> Vec<Instruction> {
+    to_lamports
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(to_address, lamports)| transfer(from_address, to_address, *lamports))
+        .collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn create_nonce_account_with_seed(
+    from_address: &Address,
+    nonce_address: &Address,
+    base: &Address,
+    seed: &str,
+    authority: &Address,
+    lamports: u64,
+) -> Vec<Instruction> {
+    vec![
+        create_account_with_seed(
+            from_address,
+            nonce_address,
+            base,
+            seed,
+            lamports,
+            NONCE_STATE_SIZE as u64,
+            &ID,
+        ),
+        create_instruction(
+            ID,
+            &SystemInstruction::InitializeNonceAccount(*authority),
+            vec![
+                AccountMeta::new(*nonce_address, false),
+                #[allow(deprecated)]
+                AccountMeta::new_readonly(RECENT_BLOCKHASHES_ID, false),
+                AccountMeta::new_readonly(RENT_ID, false),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ]
+}
+
+/// Create an account containing a durable transaction nonce.
+///
+/// This function produces a vector of [`Instruction`]s which must be submitted
+/// in a [`Transaction`] or [invoked] to take effect, containing a serialized
+/// [`SystemInstruction::CreateAccount`] and
+/// [`SystemInstruction::InitializeNonceAccount`].
+///
+/// [`Transaction`]: https://docs.rs/solana-sdk/latest/solana_sdk/transaction/struct.Transaction.html
+/// [invoked]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+///
+/// A [durable transaction nonce][dtn] is a special account that enables
+/// execution of transactions that have been signed in the past.
+///
+/// Standard Solana transactions include a [recent blockhash][rbh] (sometimes
+/// referred to as a _[nonce]_). During execution the Solana runtime verifies
+/// the recent blockhash is approximately less than two minutes old, and that in
+/// those two minutes no other identical transaction with the same blockhash has
+/// been executed. These checks prevent accidental replay of transactions.
+/// Consequently, it is not possible to sign a transaction, wait more than two
+/// minutes, then successfully execute that transaction.
+///
+/// [dtn]: https://docs.solanalabs.com/implemented-proposals/durable-tx-nonces
+/// [rbh]: https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/message/legacy/struct.Message.html#structfield.recent_blockhash
+/// [nonce]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce
+///
+/// Durable transaction nonces are an alternative to the standard recent
+/// blockhash nonce. They are stored in accounts on chain, and every time they
+/// are used their value is changed to a new value for their next use. The
+/// runtime verifies that each durable nonce value is only used once, and there
+/// are no restrictions on how "old" the nonce is. Because they are stored on
+/// chain and require additional instructions to use, transacting with durable
+/// transaction nonces is more expensive than with standard transactions.
+///
+/// The value of the durable nonce is itself a blockhash and is accessible via
+/// the [`blockhash`] field of [`nonce::state::Data`], which is deserialized
+/// from the nonce account data.
+///
+/// [`blockhash`]: https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/message/legacy/struct.Message.html#structfield.recent_blockhash
+/// [`nonce::state::Data`]: https://docs.rs/solana-nonce/latest/solana_nonce/state/struct.Data.html
+///
+/// The basic durable transaction nonce lifecycle is
+///
+/// 1) Create the nonce account with the `create_nonce_account` instruction.
+/// 2) Submit specially-formed transactions that include the
+///    [`advance_nonce_account`] instruction.
+/// 3) Destroy the nonce account by withdrawing its lamports with the
+///    [`withdraw_nonce_account`] instruction.
+///
+/// Nonce accounts have an associated _authority_ account, which is stored in
+/// their account data, and can be changed with the [`authorize_nonce_account`]
+/// instruction. The authority must sign transactions that include the
+/// `advance_nonce_account`, `authorize_nonce_account` and
+/// `withdraw_nonce_account` instructions.
+///
+/// Nonce accounts are owned by the system program.
+///
+/// This constructor creates a [`SystemInstruction::CreateAccount`] instruction
+/// and a [`SystemInstruction::InitializeNonceAccount`] instruction.
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `from_address` and `nonce_address` signers must sign the transaction.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Create a nonce account from an off-chain client:
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_keypair;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_signer;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_transaction;
+/// use solana_keypair::Keypair;
+/// use solana_nonce::state::State;
+/// use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+/// use solana_signer::Signer;
+/// use solana_system_interface::instruction;
+/// use solana_transaction::Transaction;
+/// use anyhow::Result;
+///
+/// fn submit_create_nonce_account_tx(
+///     client: &RpcClient,
+///     payer: &Keypair,
+/// ) -> Result<()> {
+///
+///     let nonce_account = Keypair::new();
+///
+///     let nonce_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(State::size())?;
+///     let instr = instruction::create_nonce_account(
+///         &payer.pubkey(),
+///         &nonce_account.pubkey(),
+///         &payer.pubkey(), // Make the fee payer the nonce account authority
+///         nonce_rent,
+///     );
+///
+///     let mut tx = Transaction::new_with_payer(&instr, Some(&payer.pubkey()));
+///
+///     let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
+///     tx.try_sign(&[&nonce_account, payer], blockhash)?;
+///
+///     client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// #
+/// # let client = RpcClient::new(String::new());
+/// # let payer = Keypair::new();
+/// # submit_create_nonce_account_tx(&client, &payer)?;
+/// #
+/// # Ok::<(), anyhow::Error>(())
+/// ```
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn create_nonce_account(
+    from_address: &Address,
+    nonce_address: &Address,
+    authority: &Address,
+    lamports: u64,
+) -> Vec<Instruction> {
+    vec![
+        create_account(
+            from_address,
+            nonce_address,
+            lamports,
+            NONCE_STATE_SIZE as u64,
+            &ID,
+        ),
+        create_instruction(
+            ID,
+            &SystemInstruction::InitializeNonceAccount(*authority),
+            vec![
+                AccountMeta::new(*nonce_address, false),
+                #[allow(deprecated)]
+                AccountMeta::new_readonly(RECENT_BLOCKHASHES_ID, false),
+                AccountMeta::new_readonly(RENT_ID, false),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ]
+}
+
+/// Advance the value of a durable transaction nonce.
+///
+/// This function produces an [`Instruction`] which must be submitted in a
+/// [`Transaction`] or [invoked] to take effect, containing a serialized
+/// [`SystemInstruction::AdvanceNonceAccount`].
+///
+/// [`Transaction`]: https://docs.rs/solana-sdk/latest/solana_sdk/transaction/struct.Transaction.html
+/// [invoked]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+///
+/// Every transaction that relies on a durable transaction nonce must contain a
+/// [`SystemInstruction::AdvanceNonceAccount`] instruction as the first
+/// instruction in the [`Message`], as created by this function. When included
+/// in the first position, the Solana runtime recognizes the transaction as one
+/// that relies on a durable transaction nonce and processes it accordingly. The
+/// [`Message::new_with_nonce`] function can be used to construct a `Message` in
+/// the correct format without calling `advance_nonce_account` directly.
+///
+/// When constructing a transaction that includes an `AdvanceNonceInstruction`
+/// the [`recent_blockhash`] must be treated differently &mdash; instead of
+/// setting it to a recent blockhash, the value of the nonce must be retrieved
+/// and deserialized from the nonce account, and that value specified as the
+/// "recent blockhash". A nonce account can be deserialized with the
+/// [`solana_rpc_client_nonce_utils::data_from_account`][dfa] function.
+///
+/// For further description of durable transaction nonces see
+/// [`create_nonce_account`].
+///
+/// [`Message`]: https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/message/legacy/struct.Message.html
+/// [`Message::new_with_nonce`]: https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/message/legacy/struct.Message.html#method.new_with_nonce
+/// [`recent_blockhash`]: https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/message/legacy/struct.Message.html#structfield.recent_blockhash
+/// [dfa]: https://docs.rs/solana-rpc-client-nonce-utils/latest/solana_rpc_client_nonce_utils/fn.data_from_account.html
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `authorized_address` signer must sign the transaction.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Create and sign a transaction with a durable nonce:
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_keypair;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_signer;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client_nonce_utils;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_transaction;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_account::Account;
+/// use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_keypair::Keypair;
+/// use solana_signer::Signer;
+/// use solana_system_interface::instruction;
+/// use solana_transaction::Transaction;
+/// use std::path::Path;
+/// use anyhow::Result;
+///
+/// fn create_transfer_tx_with_nonce(
+///     client: &RpcClient,
+///     nonce_account_address: &Address,
+///     payer: &Keypair,
+///     receiver: &Address,
+///     amount: u64,
+///     tx_path: &Path,
+/// ) -> Result<()> {
+///
+///     let instr_transfer = instruction::transfer(
+///         &payer.pubkey(),
+///         receiver,
+///         amount,
+///     );
+///
+///     // In this example, `payer` is `nonce_account_address`'s authority
+///     let instr_advance_nonce_account = instruction::advance_nonce_account(
+///         nonce_account_address,
+///         &payer.pubkey(),
+///     );
+///
+///     // The `advance_nonce_account` instruction must be the first issued in
+///     // the transaction.
+///     let mut tx = Transaction::new_with_payer(
+///         &[
+///             instr_advance_nonce_account,
+///             instr_transfer
+///         ],
+///         Some(&payer.pubkey()),
+///     );
+///
+///     // Sign the tx with nonce_account's `blockhash` instead of the
+///     // network's latest blockhash.
+///     # client.set_get_account_response(*nonce_account_address, Account {
+///     #   lamports: 1,
+///     #   data: vec![0],
+///     #   owner: solana_system_interface::program::ID,
+///     #   executable: false,
+///     # });
+///     let nonce_account = client.get_account(nonce_account_address)?;
+///     let nonce_data = solana_rpc_client_nonce_utils::data_from_account(&nonce_account)?;
+///     let blockhash = nonce_data.blockhash();
+///
+///     tx.try_sign(&[payer], blockhash)?;
+///
+///     // Save the signed transaction locally for later submission.
+///     save_tx_to_file(&tx_path, &tx)?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// #
+/// # fn save_tx_to_file(path: &Path, tx: &Transaction) -> Result<()> {
+/// #     Ok(())
+/// # }
+/// #
+/// # let client = RpcClient::new(String::new());
+/// # let nonce_account_address = Address::new_unique();
+/// # let payer = Keypair::new();
+/// # let receiver = Address::new_unique();
+/// # create_transfer_tx_with_nonce(&client, &nonce_account_address, &payer, &receiver, 1024, Path::new("new_tx"))?;
+/// #
+/// # Ok::<(), anyhow::Error>(())
+/// ```
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn advance_nonce_account(nonce_address: &Address, authorized_address: &Address) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![
+        AccountMeta::new(*nonce_address, false),
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
+        AccountMeta::new_readonly(RECENT_BLOCKHASHES_ID, false),
+        AccountMeta::new_readonly(*authorized_address, true),
+    ];
+    create_instruction(ID, &SystemInstruction::AdvanceNonceAccount, account_metas)
+}
+
+/// Withdraw lamports from a durable transaction nonce account.
+///
+/// This function produces an [`Instruction`] which must be submitted in a
+/// [`Transaction`] or [invoked] to take effect, containing a serialized
+/// [`SystemInstruction::WithdrawNonceAccount`].
+///
+/// [`Transaction`]: https://docs.rs/solana-sdk/latest/solana_sdk/transaction/struct.Transaction.html
+/// [invoked]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+///
+/// Withdrawing the entire balance of a nonce account will cause the runtime to
+/// destroy it upon successful completion of the transaction.
+///
+/// Otherwise, nonce accounts must maintain a balance greater than or equal to
+/// the minimum required for [rent exemption]. If the result of this instruction
+/// would leave the nonce account with a balance less than required for rent
+/// exemption, but also greater than zero, then the transaction will fail.
+///
+/// [rent exemption]: https://solana.com/docs/core/accounts#rent-exemption
+///
+/// This constructor creates a [`SystemInstruction::WithdrawNonceAccount`]
+/// instruction.
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `authorized_address` signer must sign the transaction.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_account;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_keypair;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_signer;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_transaction;
+/// # use solana_account::Account;
+/// use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_keypair::Keypair;
+/// use solana_signer::Signer;
+/// use solana_system_interface::instruction;
+/// use solana_transaction::Transaction;
+/// use anyhow::Result;
+///
+/// fn submit_withdraw_nonce_account_tx(
+///     client: &RpcClient,
+///     nonce_account_address: &Address,
+///     authorized_account: &Keypair,
+/// ) -> Result<()> {
+///
+///     let nonce_balance = client.get_balance(nonce_account_address)?;
+///
+///     let instr = instruction::withdraw_nonce_account(
+///         nonce_account_address,
+///         &authorized_account.pubkey(),
+///         &authorized_account.pubkey(),
+///         nonce_balance,
+///     );
+///
+///     let mut tx = Transaction::new_with_payer(&[instr], Some(&authorized_account.pubkey()));
+///
+///     let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
+///     tx.try_sign(&[authorized_account], blockhash)?;
+///
+///     client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// #
+/// # let client = RpcClient::new(String::new());
+/// # let nonce_account_address = Address::new_unique();
+/// # let payer = Keypair::new();
+/// # submit_withdraw_nonce_account_tx(&client, &nonce_account_address, &payer)?;
+/// #
+/// # Ok::<(), anyhow::Error>(())
+/// ```
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn withdraw_nonce_account(
+    nonce_address: &Address,
+    authorized_address: &Address,
+    to_address: &Address,
+    lamports: u64,
+) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![
+        AccountMeta::new(*nonce_address, false),
+        AccountMeta::new(*to_address, false),
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
+        AccountMeta::new_readonly(RECENT_BLOCKHASHES_ID, false),
+        AccountMeta::new_readonly(RENT_ID, false),
+        AccountMeta::new_readonly(*authorized_address, true),
+    ];
+    create_instruction(
+        ID,
+        &SystemInstruction::WithdrawNonceAccount(lamports),
+        account_metas,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Change the authority of a durable transaction nonce account.
+///
+/// This function produces an [`Instruction`] which must be submitted in a
+/// [`Transaction`] or [invoked] to take effect, containing a serialized
+/// [`SystemInstruction::AuthorizeNonceAccount`].
+///
+/// [`Transaction`]: https://docs.rs/solana-sdk/latest/solana_sdk/transaction/struct.Transaction.html
+/// [invoked]: https://docs.rs/solana-cpi/latest/solana_cpi/fn.invoke.html
+///
+/// This constructor creates a [`SystemInstruction::AuthorizeNonceAccount`]
+/// instruction.
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `authorized_address` signer must sign the transaction.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_keypair;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_signer;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_rpc_client;
+/// # use solana_example_mocks::solana_transaction;
+/// use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+/// use solana_address::Address;
+/// use solana_keypair::Keypair;
+/// use solana_signer::Signer;
+/// use solana_system_interface::instruction;
+/// use solana_transaction::Transaction;
+/// use anyhow::Result;
+///
+/// fn authorize_nonce_account_tx(
+///     client: &RpcClient,
+///     nonce_account_address: &Address,
+///     authorized_account: &Keypair,
+///     new_authority_address: &Address,
+/// ) -> Result<()> {
+///
+///     let instr = instruction::authorize_nonce_account(
+///         nonce_account_address,
+///         &authorized_account.pubkey(),
+///         new_authority_address,
+///     );
+///
+///     let mut tx = Transaction::new_with_payer(&[instr], Some(&authorized_account.pubkey()));
+///
+///     let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
+///     tx.try_sign(&[authorized_account], blockhash)?;
+///
+///     client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
+///
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// #
+/// # let client = RpcClient::new(String::new());
+/// # let nonce_account_address = Address::new_unique();
+/// # let payer = Keypair::new();
+/// # let new_authority_address = Address::new_unique();
+/// # authorize_nonce_account_tx(&client, &nonce_account_address, &payer, &new_authority_address)?;
+/// #
+/// # Ok::<(), anyhow::Error>(())
+/// ```
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn authorize_nonce_account(
+    nonce_address: &Address,
+    authorized_address: &Address,
+    new_authority: &Address,
+) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![
+        AccountMeta::new(*nonce_address, false),
+        AccountMeta::new_readonly(*authorized_address, true),
+    ];
+    create_instruction(
+        ID,
+        &SystemInstruction::AuthorizeNonceAccount(*new_authority),
+        account_metas,
+    )
+}
+
+/// One-time idempotent upgrade of legacy nonce versions in order to bump
+/// them out of chain blockhash domain.
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn upgrade_nonce_account(nonce_address: Address) -> Instruction {
+    let account_metas = vec![AccountMeta::new(nonce_address, /*is_signer:*/ false)];
+    create_instruction(ID, &SystemInstruction::UpgradeNonceAccount, account_metas)
+}
+
+/// Create a new account without enforcing zero lamports on the destination
+/// account.
+///
+/// # Required signers
+///
+/// The `new_account_address` signer must sign the transaction. If present,
+/// the payer in `payer_and_lamports` must also sign the transaction.
+#[cfg(any(feature = "bincode", feature = "wincode"))]
+pub fn create_account_allow_prefund(
+    new_account_address: &Address,
+    payer_and_lamports: Option<(&Address, u64)>,
+    space: u64,
+    owner: &Address,
+) -> Instruction {
+    let mut account_metas = vec![AccountMeta::new(*new_account_address, true)];
+    let lamports = match payer_and_lamports {
+        None => 0,
+        Some((from, lamports)) => {
+            account_metas.push(AccountMeta::new(*from, true));
+            lamports
+        }
+    };
+
+    create_instruction(
+        ID,
+        &SystemInstruction::CreateAccountAllowPrefund {
+            lamports,
+            space,
+            owner: *owner,
+        },
+        account_metas,
+    )
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bincode")]
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use {super::*, solana_sysvar_id::SysvarId};
+
+    fn get_keys(instruction: &Instruction) -> Vec<Address> {
+        instruction.accounts.iter().map(|x| x.pubkey).collect()
+    }
+
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
+    #[test]
+    fn test_constants() {
+        // Ensure that the constants are in sync with the solana program.
+        assert_eq!(
+            RECENT_BLOCKHASHES_ID,
+            solana_sysvar::recent_blockhashes::RecentBlockhashes::id(),
+        );
+
+        // Ensure that the constants are in sync with the solana rent.
+        assert_eq!(RENT_ID, solana_sysvar::rent::Rent::id());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_move_many() {
+        let alice_address = Address::new_unique();
+        let bob_address = Address::new_unique();
+        let carol_address = Address::new_unique();
+        let to_lamports = vec![(bob_address, 1), (carol_address, 2)];
+
+        let instructions = transfer_many(&alice_address, &to_lamports);
+        assert_eq!(instructions.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(get_keys(&instructions[0]), vec![alice_address, bob_address]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            get_keys(&instructions[1]),
+            vec![alice_address, carol_address]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_create_nonce_account() {
+        let from_address = Address::new_unique();
+        let nonce_address = Address::new_unique();
+        let authorized = nonce_address;
+        let ixs = create_nonce_account(&from_address, &nonce_address, &authorized, 42);
+        assert_eq!(ixs.len(), 2);
+        let ix = &ixs[0];
+        assert_eq!(ix.program_id, crate::program::ID);
+        let addresss: Vec<_> = ix.accounts.iter().map(|am| am.pubkey).collect();
+        assert!(addresss.contains(&from_address));
+        assert!(addresss.contains(&nonce_address));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_create_account_allow_prefund_with_from_address() {
+        let from_address = Address::new_unique();
+        let to_address = Address::new_unique();
+
+        let instr = create_account_allow_prefund(
+            &to_address,
+            Some((&from_address, 1)),
+            8, // arbitrary space
+            &crate::program::ID,
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(instr.program_id, crate::program::ID);
+        // Expect two account metas: [to, from]
+        assert_eq!(instr.accounts.len(), 2);
+
+        let to_meta = &instr.accounts[0];
+        assert_eq!(to_meta.pubkey, to_address);
+        assert!(to_meta.is_signer);
+        assert!(to_meta.is_writable);
+
+        let from_meta = &instr.accounts[1];
+        assert_eq!(from_meta.pubkey, from_address);
+        assert!(from_meta.is_signer);
+        assert!(from_meta.is_writable);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_create_account_allow_prefund_without_from_address() {
+        let to_address = Address::new_unique();
+
+        let instr = create_account_allow_prefund(
+            &to_address,
+            None,
+            8, // arbitrary space
+            &crate::program::ID,
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(instr.program_id, crate::program::ID);
+        // Expect a single account meta: [to]
+        assert_eq!(instr.accounts.len(), 1);
+
+        let to_meta = &instr.accounts[0];
+        assert_eq!(to_meta.pubkey, to_address);
+        assert!(to_meta.is_signer);
+        assert!(to_meta.is_writable);
+    }
+}