rsult 1.4.0 → 2.0.0

package/rust/result.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2207 @@
+//! Error handling with the `Result` type.
+//!
+//! [`Result<T, E>`][`Result`] is the type used for returning and propagating
+//! errors. It is an enum with the variants, [`Ok(T)`], representing
+//! success and containing a value, and [`Err(E)`], representing error
+//! and containing an error value.
+//!
+//! ```
+//! # #[allow(dead_code)]
+//! enum Result<T, E> {
+//!    Ok(T),
+//!    Err(E),
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Functions return [`Result`] whenever errors are expected and
+//! recoverable. In the `std` crate, [`Result`] is most prominently used
+//! for [I/O](../../std/io/index.html).
+//!
+//! A simple function returning [`Result`] might be
+//! defined and used like so:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! #[derive(Debug)]
+//! enum Version { Version1, Version2 }
+//!
+//! fn parse_version(header: &[u8]) -> Result<Version, &'static str> {
+//!     match header.get(0) {
+//!         None => Err("invalid header length"),
+//!         Some(&1) => Ok(Version::Version1),
+//!         Some(&2) => Ok(Version::Version2),
+//!         Some(_) => Err("invalid version"),
+//!     }
+//! }
+//!
+//! let version = parse_version(&[1, 2, 3, 4]);
+//! match version {
+//!     Ok(v) => println!("working with version: {v:?}"),
+//!     Err(e) => println!("error parsing header: {e:?}"),
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Pattern matching on [`Result`]s is clear and straightforward for
+//! simple cases, but [`Result`] comes with some convenience methods
+//! that make working with it more succinct.
+//!
+//! ```
+//! // The `is_ok` and `is_err` methods do what they say.
+//! let good_result: Result<i32, i32> = Ok(10);
+//! let bad_result: Result<i32, i32> = Err(10);
+//! assert!(good_result.is_ok() && !good_result.is_err());
+//! assert!(bad_result.is_err() && !bad_result.is_ok());
+//!
+//! // `map` and `map_err` consume the `Result` and produce another.
+//! let good_result: Result<i32, i32> = good_result.map(|i| i + 1);
+//! let bad_result: Result<i32, i32> = bad_result.map_err(|i| i - 1);
+//! assert_eq!(good_result, Ok(11));
+//! assert_eq!(bad_result, Err(9));
+//!
+//! // Use `and_then` to continue the computation.
+//! let good_result: Result<bool, i32> = good_result.and_then(|i| Ok(i == 11));
+//! assert_eq!(good_result, Ok(true));
+//!
+//! // Use `or_else` to handle the error.
+//! let bad_result: Result<i32, i32> = bad_result.or_else(|i| Ok(i + 20));
+//! assert_eq!(bad_result, Ok(29));
+//!
+//! // Consume the result and return the contents with `unwrap`.
+//! let final_awesome_result = good_result.unwrap();
+//! assert!(final_awesome_result)
+//! ```
+//!
+//! # Results must be used
+//!
+//! A common problem with using return values to indicate errors is
+//! that it is easy to ignore the return value, thus failing to handle
+//! the error. [`Result`] is annotated with the `#[must_use]` attribute,
+//! which will cause the compiler to issue a warning when a Result
+//! value is ignored. This makes [`Result`] especially useful with
+//! functions that may encounter errors but don't otherwise return a
+//! useful value.
+//!
+//! Consider the [`write_all`] method defined for I/O types
+//! by the [`Write`] trait:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! use std::io;
+//!
+//! trait Write {
+//!     fn write_all(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(), io::Error>;
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! *Note: The actual definition of [`Write`] uses [`io::Result`], which
+//! is just a synonym for <code>[Result]<T, [io::Error]></code>.*
+//!
+//! This method doesn't produce a value, but the write may
+//! fail. It's crucial to handle the error case, and *not* write
+//! something like this:
+//!
+//! ```no_run
+//! # #![allow(unused_must_use)] // \o/
+//! use std::fs::File;
+//! use std::io::prelude::*;
+//!
+//! let mut file = File::create("valuable_data.txt").unwrap();
+//! // If `write_all` errors, then we'll never know, because the return
+//! // value is ignored.
+//! file.write_all(b"important message");
+//! ```
+//!
+//! If you *do* write that in Rust, the compiler will give you a
+//! warning (by default, controlled by the `unused_must_use` lint).
+//!
+//! You might instead, if you don't want to handle the error, simply
+//! assert success with [`expect`]. This will panic if the
+//! write fails, providing a marginally useful message indicating why:
+//!
+//! ```no_run
+//! use std::fs::File;
+//! use std::io::prelude::*;
+//!
+//! let mut file = File::create("valuable_data.txt").unwrap();
+//! file.write_all(b"important message").expect("failed to write message");
+//! ```
+//!
+//! You might also simply assert success:
+//!
+//! ```no_run
+//! # use std::fs::File;
+//! # use std::io::prelude::*;
+//! # let mut file = File::create("valuable_data.txt").unwrap();
+//! assert!(file.write_all(b"important message").is_ok());
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Or propagate the error up the call stack with [`?`]:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! # use std::fs::File;
+//! # use std::io::prelude::*;
+//! # use std::io;
+//! # #[allow(dead_code)]
+//! fn write_message() -> io::Result<()> {
+//!     let mut file = File::create("valuable_data.txt")?;
+//!     file.write_all(b"important message")?;
+//!     Ok(())
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! # The question mark operator, `?`
+//!
+//! When writing code that calls many functions that return the
+//! [`Result`] type, the error handling can be tedious. The question mark
+//! operator, [`?`], hides some of the boilerplate of propagating errors
+//! up the call stack.
+//!
+//! It replaces this:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! # #![allow(dead_code)]
+//! use std::fs::File;
+//! use std::io::prelude::*;
+//! use std::io;
+//!
+//! struct Info {
+//!     name: String,
+//!     age: i32,
+//!     rating: i32,
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn write_info(info: &Info) -> io::Result<()> {
+//!     // Early return on error
+//!     let mut file = match File::create("my_best_friends.txt") {
+//!            Err(e) => return Err(e),
+//!            Ok(f) => f,
+//!     };
+//!     if let Err(e) = file.write_all(format!("name: {}\n", info.name).as_bytes()) {
+//!         return Err(e)
+//!     }
+//!     if let Err(e) = file.write_all(format!("age: {}\n", info.age).as_bytes()) {
+//!         return Err(e)
+//!     }
+//!     if let Err(e) = file.write_all(format!("rating: {}\n", info.rating).as_bytes()) {
+//!         return Err(e)
+//!     }
+//!     Ok(())
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! With this:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! # #![allow(dead_code)]
+//! use std::fs::File;
+//! use std::io::prelude::*;
+//! use std::io;
+//!
+//! struct Info {
+//!     name: String,
+//!     age: i32,
+//!     rating: i32,
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn write_info(info: &Info) -> io::Result<()> {
+//!     let mut file = File::create("my_best_friends.txt")?;
+//!     // Early return on error
+//!     file.write_all(format!("name: {}\n", info.name).as_bytes())?;
+//!     file.write_all(format!("age: {}\n", info.age).as_bytes())?;
+//!     file.write_all(format!("rating: {}\n", info.rating).as_bytes())?;
+//!     Ok(())
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! *It's much nicer!*
+//!
+//! Ending the expression with [`?`] will result in the [`Ok`]'s unwrapped value, unless the result
+//! is [`Err`], in which case [`Err`] is returned early from the enclosing function.
+//!
+//! [`?`] can be used in functions that return [`Result`] because of the
+//! early return of [`Err`] that it provides.
+//!
+//! [`expect`]: Result::expect
+//! [`Write`]: ../../std/io/trait.Write.html "io::Write"
+//! [`write_all`]: ../../std/io/trait.Write.html#method.write_all "io::Write::write_all"
+//! [`io::Result`]: ../../std/io/type.Result.html "io::Result"
+//! [`?`]: crate::ops::Try
+//! [`Ok(T)`]: Ok
+//! [`Err(E)`]: Err
+//! [io::Error]: ../../std/io/struct.Error.html "io::Error"
+//!
+//! # Representation
+//!
+//! In some cases, [`Result<T, E>`] comes with size, alignment, and ABI
+//! guarantees. Specifically, one of either the `T` or `E` type must be a type
+//! that qualifies for the `Option` [representation guarantees][opt-rep] (let's
+//! call that type `I`), and the *other* type is a zero-sized type with
+//! alignment 1 (a "1-ZST").
+//!
+//! If that is the case, then `Result<T, E>` has the same size, alignment, and
+//! [function call ABI] as `I` (and therefore, as `Option<I>`). If `I` is `T`,
+//! it is therefore sound to transmute a value `t` of type `I` to type
+//! `Result<T, E>` (producing the value `Ok(t)`) and to transmute a value
+//! `Ok(t)` of type `Result<T, E>` to type `I` (producing the value `t`). If `I`
+//! is `E`, the same applies with `Ok` replaced by `Err`.
+//!
+//! For example, `NonZeroI32` qualifies for the `Option` representation
+//! guarantees and `()` is a zero-sized type with alignment 1. This means that
+//! both `Result<NonZeroI32, ()>` and `Result<(), NonZeroI32>` have the same
+//! size, alignment, and ABI as `NonZeroI32` (and `Option<NonZeroI32>`). The
+//! only difference between these is in the implied semantics:
+//!
+//! * `Option<NonZeroI32>` is "a non-zero i32 might be present"
+//! * `Result<NonZeroI32, ()>` is "a non-zero i32 success result, if any"
+//! * `Result<(), NonZeroI32>` is "a non-zero i32 error result, if any"
+//!
+//! [opt-rep]: ../option/index.html#representation "Option Representation"
+//! [function call ABI]: ../primitive.fn.html#abi-compatibility
+//!
+//! # Method overview
+//!
+//! In addition to working with pattern matching, [`Result`] provides a
+//! wide variety of different methods.
+//!
+//! ## Querying the variant
+//!
+//! The [`is_ok`] and [`is_err`] methods return [`true`] if the [`Result`]
+//! is [`Ok`] or [`Err`], respectively.
+//!
+//! The [`is_ok_and`] and [`is_err_and`] methods apply the provided function
+//! to the contents of the [`Result`] to produce a boolean value. If the [`Result`] does not have the expected variant
+//! then [`false`] is returned instead without executing the function.
+//!
+//! [`is_err`]: Result::is_err
+//! [`is_ok`]: Result::is_ok
+//! [`is_ok_and`]: Result::is_ok_and
+//! [`is_err_and`]: Result::is_err_and
+//!
+//! ## Adapters for working with references
+//!
+//! * [`as_ref`] converts from `&Result<T, E>` to `Result<&T, &E>`
+//! * [`as_mut`] converts from `&mut Result<T, E>` to `Result<&mut T, &mut E>`
+//! * [`as_deref`] converts from `&Result<T, E>` to `Result<&T::Target, &E>`
+//! * [`as_deref_mut`] converts from `&mut Result<T, E>` to
+//!   `Result<&mut T::Target, &mut E>`
+//!
+//! [`as_deref`]: Result::as_deref
+//! [`as_deref_mut`]: Result::as_deref_mut
+//! [`as_mut`]: Result::as_mut
+//! [`as_ref`]: Result::as_ref
+//!
+//! ## Extracting contained values
+//!
+//! These methods extract the contained value in a [`Result<T, E>`] when it
+//! is the [`Ok`] variant. If the [`Result`] is [`Err`]:
+//!
+//! * [`expect`] panics with a provided custom message
+//! * [`unwrap`] panics with a generic message
+//! * [`unwrap_or`] returns the provided default value
+//! * [`unwrap_or_default`] returns the default value of the type `T`
+//!   (which must implement the [`Default`] trait)
+//! * [`unwrap_or_else`] returns the result of evaluating the provided
+//!   function
+//! * [`unwrap_unchecked`] produces *[undefined behavior]*
+//!
+//! The panicking methods [`expect`] and [`unwrap`] require `E` to
+//! implement the [`Debug`] trait.
+//!
+//! [`Debug`]: crate::fmt::Debug
+//! [`expect`]: Result::expect
+//! [`unwrap`]: Result::unwrap
+//! [`unwrap_or`]: Result::unwrap_or
+//! [`unwrap_or_default`]: Result::unwrap_or_default
+//! [`unwrap_or_else`]: Result::unwrap_or_else
+//! [`unwrap_unchecked`]: Result::unwrap_unchecked
+//! [undefined behavior]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html
+//!
+//! These methods extract the contained value in a [`Result<T, E>`] when it
+//! is the [`Err`] variant. They require `T` to implement the [`Debug`]
+//! trait. If the [`Result`] is [`Ok`]:
+//!
+//! * [`expect_err`] panics with a provided custom message
+//! * [`unwrap_err`] panics with a generic message
+//! * [`unwrap_err_unchecked`] produces *[undefined behavior]*
+//!
+//! [`Debug`]: crate::fmt::Debug
+//! [`expect_err`]: Result::expect_err
+//! [`unwrap_err`]: Result::unwrap_err
+//! [`unwrap_err_unchecked`]: Result::unwrap_err_unchecked
+//! [undefined behavior]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html
+//!
+//! ## Transforming contained values
+//!
+//! These methods transform [`Result`] to [`Option`]:
+//!
+//! * [`err`][Result::err] transforms [`Result<T, E>`] into [`Option<E>`],
+//!   mapping [`Err(e)`] to [`Some(e)`] and [`Ok(v)`] to [`None`]
+//! * [`ok`][Result::ok] transforms [`Result<T, E>`] into [`Option<T>`],
+//!   mapping [`Ok(v)`] to [`Some(v)`] and [`Err(e)`] to [`None`]
+//! * [`transpose`] transposes a [`Result`] of an [`Option`] into an
+//!   [`Option`] of a [`Result`]
+//!
+// Do NOT add link reference definitions for `err` or `ok`, because they
+// will generate numerous incorrect URLs for `Err` and `Ok` elsewhere, due
+// to case folding.
+//!
+//! [`Err(e)`]: Err
+//! [`Ok(v)`]: Ok
+//! [`Some(e)`]: Option::Some
+//! [`Some(v)`]: Option::Some
+//! [`transpose`]: Result::transpose
+//!
+//! These methods transform the contained value of the [`Ok`] variant:
+//!
+//! * [`map`] transforms [`Result<T, E>`] into [`Result<U, E>`] by applying
+//!   the provided function to the contained value of [`Ok`] and leaving
+//!   [`Err`] values unchanged
+//! * [`inspect`] takes ownership of the [`Result`], applies the
+//!   provided function to the contained value by reference,
+//!   and then returns the [`Result`]
+//!
+//! [`map`]: Result::map
+//! [`inspect`]: Result::inspect
+//!
+//! These methods transform the contained value of the [`Err`] variant:
+//!
+//! * [`map_err`] transforms [`Result<T, E>`] into [`Result<T, F>`] by
+//!   applying the provided function to the contained value of [`Err`] and
+//!   leaving [`Ok`] values unchanged
+//! * [`inspect_err`] takes ownership of the [`Result`], applies the
+//!   provided function to the contained value of [`Err`] by reference,
+//!   and then returns the [`Result`]
+//!
+//! [`map_err`]: Result::map_err
+//! [`inspect_err`]: Result::inspect_err
+//!
+//! These methods transform a [`Result<T, E>`] into a value of a possibly
+//! different type `U`:
+//!
+//! * [`map_or`] applies the provided function to the contained value of
+//!   [`Ok`], or returns the provided default value if the [`Result`] is
+//!   [`Err`]
+//! * [`map_or_else`] applies the provided function to the contained value
+//!   of [`Ok`], or applies the provided default fallback function to the
+//!   contained value of [`Err`]
+//!
+//! [`map_or`]: Result::map_or
+//! [`map_or_else`]: Result::map_or_else
+//!
+//! ## Boolean operators
+//!
+//! These methods treat the [`Result`] as a boolean value, where [`Ok`]
+//! acts like [`true`] and [`Err`] acts like [`false`]. There are two
+//! categories of these methods: ones that take a [`Result`] as input, and
+//! ones that take a function as input (to be lazily evaluated).
+//!
+//! The [`and`] and [`or`] methods take another [`Result`] as input, and
+//! produce a [`Result`] as output. The [`and`] method can produce a
+//! [`Result<U, E>`] value having a different inner type `U` than
+//! [`Result<T, E>`]. The [`or`] method can produce a [`Result<T, F>`]
+//! value having a different error type `F` than [`Result<T, E>`].
+//!
+//! | method  | self     | input     | output   |
+//! |---------|----------|-----------|----------|
+//! | [`and`] | `Err(e)` | (ignored) | `Err(e)` |
+//! | [`and`] | `Ok(x)`  | `Err(d)`  | `Err(d)` |
+//! | [`and`] | `Ok(x)`  | `Ok(y)`   | `Ok(y)`  |
+//! | [`or`]  | `Err(e)` | `Err(d)`  | `Err(d)` |
+//! | [`or`]  | `Err(e)` | `Ok(y)`   | `Ok(y)`  |
+//! | [`or`]  | `Ok(x)`  | (ignored) | `Ok(x)`  |
+//!
+//! [`and`]: Result::and
+//! [`or`]: Result::or
+//!
+//! The [`and_then`] and [`or_else`] methods take a function as input, and
+//! only evaluate the function when they need to produce a new value. The
+//! [`and_then`] method can produce a [`Result<U, E>`] value having a
+//! different inner type `U` than [`Result<T, E>`]. The [`or_else`] method
+//! can produce a [`Result<T, F>`] value having a different error type `F`
+//! than [`Result<T, E>`].
+//!
+//! | method       | self     | function input | function result | output   |
+//! |--------------|----------|----------------|-----------------|----------|
+//! | [`and_then`] | `Err(e)` | (not provided) | (not evaluated) | `Err(e)` |
+//! | [`and_then`] | `Ok(x)`  | `x`            | `Err(d)`        | `Err(d)` |
+//! | [`and_then`] | `Ok(x)`  | `x`            | `Ok(y)`         | `Ok(y)`  |
+//! | [`or_else`]  | `Err(e)` | `e`            | `Err(d)`        | `Err(d)` |
+//! | [`or_else`]  | `Err(e)` | `e`            | `Ok(y)`         | `Ok(y)`  |
+//! | [`or_else`]  | `Ok(x)`  | (not provided) | (not evaluated) | `Ok(x)`  |
+//!
+//! [`and_then`]: Result::and_then
+//! [`or_else`]: Result::or_else
+//!
+//! ## Comparison operators
+//!
+//! If `T` and `E` both implement [`PartialOrd`] then [`Result<T, E>`] will
+//! derive its [`PartialOrd`] implementation.  With this order, an [`Ok`]
+//! compares as less than any [`Err`], while two [`Ok`] or two [`Err`]
+//! compare as their contained values would in `T` or `E` respectively.  If `T`
+//! and `E` both also implement [`Ord`], then so does [`Result<T, E>`].
+//!
+//! ```
+//! assert!(Ok(1) < Err(0));
+//! let x: Result<i32, ()> = Ok(0);
+//! let y = Ok(1);
+//! assert!(x < y);
+//! let x: Result<(), i32> = Err(0);
+//! let y = Err(1);
+//! assert!(x < y);
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Iterating over `Result`
+//!
+//! A [`Result`] can be iterated over. This can be helpful if you need an
+//! iterator that is conditionally empty. The iterator will either produce
+//! a single value (when the [`Result`] is [`Ok`]), or produce no values
+//! (when the [`Result`] is [`Err`]). For example, [`into_iter`] acts like
+//! [`once(v)`] if the [`Result`] is [`Ok(v)`], and like [`empty()`] if the
+//! [`Result`] is [`Err`].
+//!
+//! [`Ok(v)`]: Ok
+//! [`empty()`]: crate::iter::empty
+//! [`once(v)`]: crate::iter::once
+//!
+//! Iterators over [`Result<T, E>`] come in three types:
+//!
+//! * [`into_iter`] consumes the [`Result`] and produces the contained
+//!   value
+//! * [`iter`] produces an immutable reference of type `&T` to the
+//!   contained value
+//! * [`iter_mut`] produces a mutable reference of type `&mut T` to the
+//!   contained value
+//!
+//! See [Iterating over `Option`] for examples of how this can be useful.
+//!
+//! [Iterating over `Option`]: crate::option#iterating-over-option
+//! [`into_iter`]: Result::into_iter
+//! [`iter`]: Result::iter
+//! [`iter_mut`]: Result::iter_mut
+//!
+//! You might want to use an iterator chain to do multiple instances of an
+//! operation that can fail, but would like to ignore failures while
+//! continuing to process the successful results. In this example, we take
+//! advantage of the iterable nature of [`Result`] to select only the
+//! [`Ok`] values using [`flatten`][Iterator::flatten].
+//!
+//! ```
+//! # use std::str::FromStr;
+//! let mut results = vec![];
+//! let mut errs = vec![];
+//! let nums: Vec<_> = ["17", "not a number", "99", "-27", "768"]
+//!    .into_iter()
+//!    .map(u8::from_str)
+//!    // Save clones of the raw `Result` values to inspect
+//!    .inspect(|x| results.push(x.clone()))
+//!    // Challenge: explain how this captures only the `Err` values
+//!    .inspect(|x| errs.extend(x.clone().err()))
+//!    .flatten()
+//!    .collect();
+//! assert_eq!(errs.len(), 3);
+//! assert_eq!(nums, [17, 99]);
+//! println!("results {results:?}");
+//! println!("errs {errs:?}");
+//! println!("nums {nums:?}");
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Collecting into `Result`
+//!
+//! [`Result`] implements the [`FromIterator`][impl-FromIterator] trait,
+//! which allows an iterator over [`Result`] values to be collected into a
+//! [`Result`] of a collection of each contained value of the original
+//! [`Result`] values, or [`Err`] if any of the elements was [`Err`].
+//!
+//! [impl-FromIterator]: Result#impl-FromIterator%3CResult%3CA,+E%3E%3E-for-Result%3CV,+E%3E
+//!
+//! ```
+//! let v = [Ok(2), Ok(4), Err("err!"), Ok(8)];
+//! let res: Result<Vec<_>, &str> = v.into_iter().collect();
+//! assert_eq!(res, Err("err!"));
+//! let v = [Ok(2), Ok(4), Ok(8)];
+//! let res: Result<Vec<_>, &str> = v.into_iter().collect();
+//! assert_eq!(res, Ok(vec![2, 4, 8]));
+//! ```
+//!
+//! [`Result`] also implements the [`Product`][impl-Product] and
+//! [`Sum`][impl-Sum] traits, allowing an iterator over [`Result`] values
+//! to provide the [`product`][Iterator::product] and
+//! [`sum`][Iterator::sum] methods.
+//!
+//! [impl-Product]: Result#impl-Product%3CResult%3CU,+E%3E%3E-for-Result%3CT,+E%3E
+//! [impl-Sum]: Result#impl-Sum%3CResult%3CU,+E%3E%3E-for-Result%3CT,+E%3E
+//!
+//! ```
+//! let v = [Err("error!"), Ok(1), Ok(2), Ok(3), Err("foo")];
+//! let res: Result<i32, &str> = v.into_iter().sum();
+//! assert_eq!(res, Err("error!"));
+//! let v = [Ok(1), Ok(2), Ok(21)];
+//! let res: Result<i32, &str> = v.into_iter().product();
+//! assert_eq!(res, Ok(42));
+//! ```
+
+#![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+
+use crate::iter::{self, FusedIterator, TrustedLen};
+use crate::marker::Destruct;
+use crate::ops::{self, ControlFlow, Deref, DerefMut};
+use crate::{convert, fmt, hint};
+
+/// `Result` is a type that represents either success ([`Ok`]) or failure ([`Err`]).
+///
+/// See the [module documentation](self) for details.
+#[doc(search_unbox)]
+#[derive(Copy, Debug, Hash)]
+#[derive_const(PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord)]
+#[must_use = "this `Result` may be an `Err` variant, which should be handled"]
+#[rustc_diagnostic_item = "Result"]
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub enum Result<T, E> {
+    /// Contains the success value
+    #[lang = "Ok"]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    Ok(#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] T),
+
+    /// Contains the error value
+    #[lang = "Err"]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    Err(#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] E),
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Type implementation
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+impl<T, E> Result<T, E> {
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Querying the contained values
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the result is [`Ok`].
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<i32, &str> = Ok(-3);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_ok(), true);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<i32, &str> = Err("Some error message");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_ok(), false);
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use = "if you intended to assert that this is ok, consider `.unwrap()` instead"]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_result_basics", since = "1.48.0")]
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    pub const fn is_ok(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(*self, Ok(_))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the result is [`Ok`] and the value inside of it matches a predicate.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_ok_and(|x| x > 1), true);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(0);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_ok_and(|x| x > 1), false);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("hey");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_ok_and(|x| x > 1), false);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<String, &str> = Ok("ownership".to_string());
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_ref().is_ok_and(|x| x.len() > 1), true);
+    /// println!("still alive {:?}", x);
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "is_some_and", since = "1.70.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn is_ok_and<F>(self, f: F) -> bool
+    where
+        F: [const] FnOnce(T) -> bool + [const] Destruct,
+        T: [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Err(_) => false,
+            Ok(x) => f(x),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the result is [`Err`].
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<i32, &str> = Ok(-3);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_err(), false);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<i32, &str> = Err("Some error message");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_err(), true);
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use = "if you intended to assert that this is err, consider `.unwrap_err()` instead"]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_result_basics", since = "1.48.0")]
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    pub const fn is_err(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.is_ok()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the result is [`Err`] and the value inside of it matches a predicate.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, Error> = Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::NotFound, "!"));
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_err_and(|x| x.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound), true);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, Error> = Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::PermissionDenied, "!"));
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_err_and(|x| x.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound), false);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, Error> = Ok(123);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_err_and(|x| x.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound), false);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, String> = Err("ownership".to_string());
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_ref().is_err_and(|x| x.len() > 1), true);
+    /// println!("still alive {:?}", x);
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "is_some_and", since = "1.70.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn is_err_and<F>(self, f: F) -> bool
+    where
+        F: [const] FnOnce(E) -> bool + [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+        T: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(_) => false,
+            Err(e) => f(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Adapter for each variant
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// Converts from `Result<T, E>` to [`Option<T>`].
+    ///
+    /// Converts `self` into an [`Option<T>`], consuming `self`,
+    /// and discarding the error, if any.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.ok(), Some(2));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("Nothing here");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.ok(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    #[rustc_diagnostic_item = "result_ok_method"]
+    pub const fn ok(self) -> Option<T>
+    where
+        T: [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(x) => Some(x),
+            Err(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Result<T, E>` to [`Option<E>`].
+    ///
+    /// Converts `self` into an [`Option<E>`], consuming `self`,
+    /// and discarding the success value, if any.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.err(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("Nothing here");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.err(), Some("Nothing here"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn err(self) -> Option<E>
+    where
+        T: [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(_) => None,
+            Err(x) => Some(x),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Adapter for working with references
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// Converts from `&Result<T, E>` to `Result<&T, &E>`.
+    ///
+    /// Produces a new `Result`, containing a reference
+    /// into the original, leaving the original in place.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_ref(), Ok(&2));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("Error");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_ref(), Err(&"Error"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_result_basics", since = "1.48.0")]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    pub const fn as_ref(&self) -> Result<&T, &E> {
+        match *self {
+            Ok(ref x) => Ok(x),
+            Err(ref x) => Err(x),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `&mut Result<T, E>` to `Result<&mut T, &mut E>`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// fn mutate(r: &mut Result<i32, i32>) {
+    ///     match r.as_mut() {
+    ///         Ok(v) => *v = 42,
+    ///         Err(e) => *e = 0,
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let mut x: Result<i32, i32> = Ok(2);
+    /// mutate(&mut x);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.unwrap(), 42);
+    ///
+    /// let mut x: Result<i32, i32> = Err(13);
+    /// mutate(&mut x);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.unwrap_err(), 0);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_result", since = "1.83.0")]
+    pub const fn as_mut(&mut self) -> Result<&mut T, &mut E> {
+        match *self {
+            Ok(ref mut x) => Ok(x),
+            Err(ref mut x) => Err(x),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Transforming contained values
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// Maps a `Result<T, E>` to `Result<U, E>` by applying a function to a
+    /// contained [`Ok`] value, leaving an [`Err`] value untouched.
+    ///
+    /// This function can be used to compose the results of two functions.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Print the numbers on each line of a string multiplied by two.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let line = "1\n2\n3\n4\n";
+    ///
+    /// for num in line.lines() {
+    ///     match num.parse::<i32>().map(|i| i * 2) {
+    ///         Ok(n) => println!("{n}"),
+    ///         Err(..) => {}
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn map<U, F>(self, op: F) -> Result<U, E>
+    where
+        F: [const] FnOnce(T) -> U + [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => Ok(op(t)),
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the provided default (if [`Err`]), or
+    /// applies a function to the contained value (if [`Ok`]).
+    ///
+    /// Arguments passed to `map_or` are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing
+    /// the result of a function call, it is recommended to use [`map_or_else`],
+    /// which is lazily evaluated.
+    ///
+    /// [`map_or_else`]: Result::map_or_else
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<_, &str> = Ok("foo");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.map_or(42, |v| v.len()), 3);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<&str, _> = Err("bar");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.map_or(42, |v| v.len()), 42);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_map_or", since = "1.41.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    #[must_use = "if you don't need the returned value, use `if let` instead"]
+    pub const fn map_or<U, F>(self, default: U, f: F) -> U
+    where
+        F: [const] FnOnce(T) -> U + [const] Destruct,
+        T: [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+        U: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => f(t),
+            Err(_) => default,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps a `Result<T, E>` to `U` by applying fallback function `default` to
+    /// a contained [`Err`] value, or function `f` to a contained [`Ok`] value.
+    ///
+    /// This function can be used to unpack a successful result
+    /// while handling an error.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let k = 21;
+    ///
+    /// let x : Result<_, &str> = Ok("foo");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.map_or_else(|e| k * 2, |v| v.len()), 3);
+    ///
+    /// let x : Result<&str, _> = Err("bar");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.map_or_else(|e| k * 2, |v| v.len()), 42);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_map_or_else", since = "1.41.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn map_or_else<U, D, F>(self, default: D, f: F) -> U
+    where
+        D: [const] FnOnce(E) -> U + [const] Destruct,
+        F: [const] FnOnce(T) -> U + [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => f(t),
+            Err(e) => default(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps a `Result<T, E>` to a `U` by applying function `f` to the contained
+    /// value if the result is [`Ok`], otherwise if [`Err`], returns the
+    /// [default value] for the type `U`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(result_option_map_or_default)]
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<_, &str> = Ok("foo");
+    /// let y: Result<&str, _> = Err("bar");
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(x.map_or_default(|x| x.len()), 3);
+    /// assert_eq!(y.map_or_default(|y| y.len()), 0);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// [default value]: Default::default
+    #[inline]
+    #[unstable(feature = "result_option_map_or_default", issue = "138099")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn map_or_default<U, F>(self, f: F) -> U
+    where
+        F: [const] FnOnce(T) -> U + [const] Destruct,
+        U: [const] Default,
+        T: [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => f(t),
+            Err(_) => U::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps a `Result<T, E>` to `Result<T, F>` by applying a function to a
+    /// contained [`Err`] value, leaving an [`Ok`] value untouched.
+    ///
+    /// This function can be used to pass through a successful result while handling
+    /// an error.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// fn stringify(x: u32) -> String { format!("error code: {x}") }
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, u32> = Ok(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.map_err(stringify), Ok(2));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, u32> = Err(13);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.map_err(stringify), Err("error code: 13".to_string()));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn map_err<F, O>(self, op: O) -> Result<T, F>
+    where
+        O: [const] FnOnce(E) -> F + [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => Ok(t),
+            Err(e) => Err(op(e)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Calls a function with a reference to the contained value if [`Ok`].
+    ///
+    /// Returns the original result.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: u8 = "4"
+    ///     .parse::<u8>()
+    ///     .inspect(|x| println!("original: {x}"))
+    ///     .map(|x| x.pow(3))
+    ///     .expect("failed to parse number");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_option_inspect", since = "1.76.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: [const] FnOnce(&T) + [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        if let Ok(ref t) = self {
+            f(t);
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Calls a function with a reference to the contained value if [`Err`].
+    ///
+    /// Returns the original result.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::{fs, io};
+    ///
+    /// fn read() -> io::Result<String> {
+    ///     fs::read_to_string("address.txt")
+    ///         .inspect_err(|e| eprintln!("failed to read file: {e}"))
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_option_inspect", since = "1.76.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn inspect_err<F>(self, f: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: [const] FnOnce(&E) + [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        if let Err(ref e) = self {
+            f(e);
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Result<T, E>` (or `&Result<T, E>`) to `Result<&<T as Deref>::Target, &E>`.
+    ///
+    /// Coerces the [`Ok`] variant of the original [`Result`] via [`Deref`](crate::ops::Deref)
+    /// and returns the new [`Result`].
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<String, u32> = Ok("hello".to_string());
+    /// let y: Result<&str, &u32> = Ok("hello");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_deref(), y);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<String, u32> = Err(42);
+    /// let y: Result<&str, &u32> = Err(&42);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_deref(), y);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "inner_deref", since = "1.47.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_convert", issue = "143773")]
+    pub const fn as_deref(&self) -> Result<&T::Target, &E>
+    where
+        T: [const] Deref,
+    {
+        self.as_ref().map(Deref::deref)
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Result<T, E>` (or `&mut Result<T, E>`) to `Result<&mut <T as DerefMut>::Target, &mut E>`.
+    ///
+    /// Coerces the [`Ok`] variant of the original [`Result`] via [`DerefMut`](crate::ops::DerefMut)
+    /// and returns the new [`Result`].
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let mut s = "HELLO".to_string();
+    /// let mut x: Result<String, u32> = Ok("hello".to_string());
+    /// let y: Result<&mut str, &mut u32> = Ok(&mut s);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_deref_mut().map(|x| { x.make_ascii_uppercase(); x }), y);
+    ///
+    /// let mut i = 42;
+    /// let mut x: Result<String, u32> = Err(42);
+    /// let y: Result<&mut str, &mut u32> = Err(&mut i);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_deref_mut().map(|x| { x.make_ascii_uppercase(); x }), y);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "inner_deref", since = "1.47.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_convert", issue = "143773")]
+    pub const fn as_deref_mut(&mut self) -> Result<&mut T::Target, &mut E>
+    where
+        T: [const] DerefMut,
+    {
+        self.as_mut().map(DerefMut::deref_mut)
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Iterator constructors
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over the possibly contained value.
+    ///
+    /// The iterator yields one value if the result is [`Result::Ok`], otherwise none.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(7);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.iter().next(), Some(&7));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("nothing!");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.iter().next(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, T> {
+        Iter { inner: self.as_ref().ok() }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a mutable iterator over the possibly contained value.
+    ///
+    /// The iterator yields one value if the result is [`Result::Ok`], otherwise none.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let mut x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(7);
+    /// match x.iter_mut().next() {
+    ///     Some(v) => *v = 40,
+    ///     None => {},
+    /// }
+    /// assert_eq!(x, Ok(40));
+    ///
+    /// let mut x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("nothing!");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.iter_mut().next(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> IterMut<'_, T> {
+        IterMut { inner: self.as_mut().ok() }
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Extract a value
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Ok`] value, consuming the `self` value.
+    ///
+    /// Because this function may panic, its use is generally discouraged.
+    /// Instead, prefer to use pattern matching and handle the [`Err`]
+    /// case explicitly, or call [`unwrap_or`], [`unwrap_or_else`], or
+    /// [`unwrap_or_default`].
+    ///
+    /// [`unwrap_or`]: Result::unwrap_or
+    /// [`unwrap_or_else`]: Result::unwrap_or_else
+    /// [`unwrap_or_default`]: Result::unwrap_or_default
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the value is an [`Err`], with a panic message including the
+    /// passed message, and the content of the [`Err`].
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("emergency failure");
+    /// x.expect("Testing expect"); // panics with `Testing expect: emergency failure`
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Recommended Message Style
+    ///
+    /// We recommend that `expect` messages are used to describe the reason you
+    /// _expect_ the `Result` should be `Ok`.
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// let path = std::env::var("IMPORTANT_PATH")
+    ///     .expect("env variable `IMPORTANT_PATH` should be set by `wrapper_script.sh`");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// **Hint**: If you're having trouble remembering how to phrase expect
+    /// error messages remember to focus on the word "should" as in "env
+    /// variable should be set by blah" or "the given binary should be available
+    /// and executable by the current user".
+    ///
+    /// For more detail on expect message styles and the reasoning behind our recommendation please
+    /// refer to the section on ["Common Message
+    /// Styles"](../../std/error/index.html#common-message-styles) in the
+    /// [`std::error`](../../std/error/index.html) module docs.
+    #[inline]
+    #[track_caller]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_expect", since = "1.4.0")]
+    pub fn expect(self, msg: &str) -> T
+    where
+        E: fmt::Debug,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => t,
+            Err(e) => unwrap_failed(msg, &e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Ok`] value, consuming the `self` value.
+    ///
+    /// Because this function may panic, its use is generally discouraged.
+    /// Panics are meant for unrecoverable errors, and
+    /// [may abort the entire program][panic-abort].
+    ///
+    /// Instead, prefer to use [the `?` (try) operator][try-operator], or pattern matching
+    /// to handle the [`Err`] case explicitly, or call [`unwrap_or`],
+    /// [`unwrap_or_else`], or [`unwrap_or_default`].
+    ///
+    /// [panic-abort]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch09-01-unrecoverable-errors-with-panic.html
+    /// [try-operator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html#a-shortcut-for-propagating-errors-the--operator
+    /// [`unwrap_or`]: Result::unwrap_or
+    /// [`unwrap_or_else`]: Result::unwrap_or_else
+    /// [`unwrap_or_default`]: Result::unwrap_or_default
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the value is an [`Err`], with a panic message provided by the
+    /// [`Err`]'s value.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Basic usage:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.unwrap(), 2);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("emergency failure");
+    /// x.unwrap(); // panics with `emergency failure`
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    #[track_caller]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    pub fn unwrap(self) -> T
+    where
+        E: fmt::Debug,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => t,
+            Err(e) => unwrap_failed("called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value", &e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Ok`] value or a default
+    ///
+    /// Consumes the `self` argument then, if [`Ok`], returns the contained
+    /// value, otherwise if [`Err`], returns the default value for that
+    /// type.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Converts a string to an integer, turning poorly-formed strings
+    /// into 0 (the default value for integers). [`parse`] converts
+    /// a string to any other type that implements [`FromStr`], returning an
+    /// [`Err`] on error.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let good_year_from_input = "1909";
+    /// let bad_year_from_input = "190blarg";
+    /// let good_year = good_year_from_input.parse().unwrap_or_default();
+    /// let bad_year = bad_year_from_input.parse().unwrap_or_default();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(1909, good_year);
+    /// assert_eq!(0, bad_year);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// [`parse`]: str::parse
+    /// [`FromStr`]: crate::str::FromStr
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_unwrap_or_default", since = "1.16.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn unwrap_or_default(self) -> T
+    where
+        T: [const] Default + [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(x) => x,
+            Err(_) => Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Err`] value, consuming the `self` value.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the value is an [`Ok`], with a panic message including the
+    /// passed message, and the content of the [`Ok`].
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(10);
+    /// x.expect_err("Testing expect_err"); // panics with `Testing expect_err: 10`
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[track_caller]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_expect_err", since = "1.17.0")]
+    pub fn expect_err(self, msg: &str) -> E
+    where
+        T: fmt::Debug,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => unwrap_failed(msg, &t),
+            Err(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Err`] value, consuming the `self` value.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the value is an [`Ok`], with a custom panic message provided
+    /// by the [`Ok`]'s value.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// x.unwrap_err(); // panics with `2`
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("emergency failure");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.unwrap_err(), "emergency failure");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[track_caller]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    pub fn unwrap_err(self) -> E
+    where
+        T: fmt::Debug,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => unwrap_failed("called `Result::unwrap_err()` on an `Ok` value", &t),
+            Err(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Ok`] value, but never panics.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike [`unwrap`], this method is known to never panic on the
+    /// result types it is implemented for. Therefore, it can be used
+    /// instead of `unwrap` as a maintainability safeguard that will fail
+    /// to compile if the error type of the `Result` is later changed
+    /// to an error that can actually occur.
+    ///
+    /// [`unwrap`]: Result::unwrap
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # #![feature(never_type)]
+    /// # #![feature(unwrap_infallible)]
+    ///
+    /// fn only_good_news() -> Result<String, !> {
+    ///     Ok("this is fine".into())
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let s: String = only_good_news().into_ok();
+    /// println!("{s}");
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "unwrap_infallible", reason = "newly added", issue = "61695")]
+    #[inline]
+    #[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(const_precise_live_drops)]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_convert", issue = "143773")]
+    pub const fn into_ok(self) -> T
+    where
+        E: [const] Into<!>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(x) => x,
+            Err(e) => e.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Err`] value, but never panics.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike [`unwrap_err`], this method is known to never panic on the
+    /// result types it is implemented for. Therefore, it can be used
+    /// instead of `unwrap_err` as a maintainability safeguard that will fail
+    /// to compile if the ok type of the `Result` is later changed
+    /// to a type that can actually occur.
+    ///
+    /// [`unwrap_err`]: Result::unwrap_err
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # #![feature(never_type)]
+    /// # #![feature(unwrap_infallible)]
+    ///
+    /// fn only_bad_news() -> Result<!, String> {
+    ///     Err("Oops, it failed".into())
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let error: String = only_bad_news().into_err();
+    /// println!("{error}");
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "unwrap_infallible", reason = "newly added", issue = "61695")]
+    #[inline]
+    #[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(const_precise_live_drops)]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_convert", issue = "143773")]
+    pub const fn into_err(self) -> E
+    where
+        T: [const] Into<!>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(x) => x.into(),
+            Err(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Boolean operations on the values, eager and lazy
+    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// Returns `res` if the result is [`Ok`], otherwise returns the [`Err`] value of `self`.
+    ///
+    /// Arguments passed to `and` are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the
+    /// result of a function call, it is recommended to use [`and_then`], which is
+    /// lazily evaluated.
+    ///
+    /// [`and_then`]: Result::and_then
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// let y: Result<&str, &str> = Err("late error");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.and(y), Err("late error"));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("early error");
+    /// let y: Result<&str, &str> = Ok("foo");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.and(y), Err("early error"));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("not a 2");
+    /// let y: Result<&str, &str> = Err("late error");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.and(y), Err("not a 2"));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// let y: Result<&str, &str> = Ok("different result type");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.and(y), Ok("different result type"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn and<U>(self, res: Result<U, E>) -> Result<U, E>
+    where
+        T: [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+        U: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(_) => res,
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Calls `op` if the result is [`Ok`], otherwise returns the [`Err`] value of `self`.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// This function can be used for control flow based on `Result` values.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// fn sq_then_to_string(x: u32) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
+    ///     x.checked_mul(x).map(|sq| sq.to_string()).ok_or("overflowed")
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(Ok(2).and_then(sq_then_to_string), Ok(4.to_string()));
+    /// assert_eq!(Ok(1_000_000).and_then(sq_then_to_string), Err("overflowed"));
+    /// assert_eq!(Err("not a number").and_then(sq_then_to_string), Err("not a number"));
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Often used to chain fallible operations that may return [`Err`].
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::{io::ErrorKind, path::Path};
+    ///
+    /// // Note: on Windows "/" maps to "C:\"
+    /// let root_modified_time = Path::new("/").metadata().and_then(|md| md.modified());
+    /// assert!(root_modified_time.is_ok());
+    ///
+    /// let should_fail = Path::new("/bad/path").metadata().and_then(|md| md.modified());
+    /// assert!(should_fail.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(should_fail.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::NotFound);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    #[rustc_confusables("flat_map", "flatmap")]
+    pub const fn and_then<U, F>(self, op: F) -> Result<U, E>
+    where
+        F: [const] FnOnce(T) -> Result<U, E> + [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => op(t),
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `res` if the result is [`Err`], otherwise returns the [`Ok`] value of `self`.
+    ///
+    /// Arguments passed to `or` are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the
+    /// result of a function call, it is recommended to use [`or_else`], which is
+    /// lazily evaluated.
+    ///
+    /// [`or_else`]: Result::or_else
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// let y: Result<u32, &str> = Err("late error");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.or(y), Ok(2));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("early error");
+    /// let y: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.or(y), Ok(2));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("not a 2");
+    /// let y: Result<u32, &str> = Err("late error");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.or(y), Err("late error"));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// let y: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(100);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.or(y), Ok(2));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn or<F>(self, res: Result<T, F>) -> Result<T, F>
+    where
+        T: [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+        F: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(v) => Ok(v),
+            Err(_) => res,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Calls `op` if the result is [`Err`], otherwise returns the [`Ok`] value of `self`.
+    ///
+    /// This function can be used for control flow based on result values.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// fn sq(x: u32) -> Result<u32, u32> { Ok(x * x) }
+    /// fn err(x: u32) -> Result<u32, u32> { Err(x) }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(Ok(2).or_else(sq).or_else(sq), Ok(2));
+    /// assert_eq!(Ok(2).or_else(err).or_else(sq), Ok(2));
+    /// assert_eq!(Err(3).or_else(sq).or_else(err), Ok(9));
+    /// assert_eq!(Err(3).or_else(err).or_else(err), Err(3));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn or_else<F, O>(self, op: O) -> Result<T, F>
+    where
+        O: [const] FnOnce(E) -> Result<T, F> + [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => Ok(t),
+            Err(e) => op(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Ok`] value or a provided default.
+    ///
+    /// Arguments passed to `unwrap_or` are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing
+    /// the result of a function call, it is recommended to use [`unwrap_or_else`],
+    /// which is lazily evaluated.
+    ///
+    /// [`unwrap_or_else`]: Result::unwrap_or_else
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let default = 2;
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(9);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.unwrap_or(default), 9);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("error");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.unwrap_or(default), default);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn unwrap_or(self, default: T) -> T
+    where
+        T: [const] Destruct,
+        E: [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => t,
+            Err(_) => default,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Ok`] value or computes it from a closure.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// fn count(x: &str) -> usize { x.len() }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(Ok(2).unwrap_or_else(count), 2);
+    /// assert_eq!(Err("foo").unwrap_or_else(count), 3);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[track_caller]
+    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_trait_fn", issue = "144211")]
+    pub const fn unwrap_or_else<F>(self, op: F) -> T
+    where
+        F: [const] FnOnce(E) -> T + [const] Destruct,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => t,
+            Err(e) => op(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Ok`] value, consuming the `self` value,
+    /// without checking that the value is not an [`Err`].
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// Calling this method on an [`Err`] is *[undefined behavior]*.
+    ///
+    /// [undefined behavior]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(unsafe { x.unwrap_unchecked() }, 2);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("emergency failure");
+    /// unsafe { x.unwrap_unchecked() }; // Undefined behavior!
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[track_caller]
+    #[stable(feature = "option_result_unwrap_unchecked", since = "1.58.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_result_unwrap_unchecked", issue = "148714")]
+    pub const unsafe fn unwrap_unchecked(self) -> T {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => t,
+            Err(e) => {
+                // FIXME(const-hack): to avoid E: const Destruct bound
+                super::mem::forget(e);
+                // SAFETY: the safety contract must be upheld by the caller.
+                unsafe { hint::unreachable_unchecked() }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the contained [`Err`] value, consuming the `self` value,
+    /// without checking that the value is not an [`Ok`].
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// Calling this method on an [`Ok`] is *[undefined behavior]*.
+    ///
+    /// [undefined behavior]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(2);
+    /// unsafe { x.unwrap_err_unchecked() }; // Undefined behavior!
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("emergency failure");
+    /// assert_eq!(unsafe { x.unwrap_err_unchecked() }, "emergency failure");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[track_caller]
+    #[stable(feature = "option_result_unwrap_unchecked", since = "1.58.0")]
+    pub unsafe fn unwrap_err_unchecked(self) -> E {
+        match self {
+            // SAFETY: the safety contract must be upheld by the caller.
+            Ok(_) => unsafe { hint::unreachable_unchecked() },
+            Err(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, E> Result<&T, E> {
+    /// Maps a `Result<&T, E>` to a `Result<T, E>` by copying the contents of the
+    /// `Ok` part.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let val = 12;
+    /// let x: Result<&i32, i32> = Ok(&val);
+    /// assert_eq!(x, Ok(&12));
+    /// let copied = x.copied();
+    /// assert_eq!(copied, Ok(12));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_copied", since = "1.59.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_result", since = "1.83.0")]
+    #[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(const_precise_live_drops)]
+    pub const fn copied(self) -> Result<T, E>
+    where
+        T: Copy,
+    {
+        // FIXME(const-hack): this implementation, which sidesteps using `Result::map` since it's not const
+        // ready yet, should be reverted when possible to avoid code repetition
+        match self {
+            Ok(&v) => Ok(v),
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps a `Result<&T, E>` to a `Result<T, E>` by cloning the contents of the
+    /// `Ok` part.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let val = 12;
+    /// let x: Result<&i32, i32> = Ok(&val);
+    /// assert_eq!(x, Ok(&12));
+    /// let cloned = x.cloned();
+    /// assert_eq!(cloned, Ok(12));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_cloned", since = "1.59.0")]
+    pub fn cloned(self) -> Result<T, E>
+    where
+        T: Clone,
+    {
+        self.map(|t| t.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, E> Result<&mut T, E> {
+    /// Maps a `Result<&mut T, E>` to a `Result<T, E>` by copying the contents of the
+    /// `Ok` part.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let mut val = 12;
+    /// let x: Result<&mut i32, i32> = Ok(&mut val);
+    /// assert_eq!(x, Ok(&mut 12));
+    /// let copied = x.copied();
+    /// assert_eq!(copied, Ok(12));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_copied", since = "1.59.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_result", since = "1.83.0")]
+    #[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(const_precise_live_drops)]
+    pub const fn copied(self) -> Result<T, E>
+    where
+        T: Copy,
+    {
+        // FIXME(const-hack): this implementation, which sidesteps using `Result::map` since it's not const
+        // ready yet, should be reverted when possible to avoid code repetition
+        match self {
+            Ok(&mut v) => Ok(v),
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps a `Result<&mut T, E>` to a `Result<T, E>` by cloning the contents of the
+    /// `Ok` part.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let mut val = 12;
+    /// let x: Result<&mut i32, i32> = Ok(&mut val);
+    /// assert_eq!(x, Ok(&mut 12));
+    /// let cloned = x.cloned();
+    /// assert_eq!(cloned, Ok(12));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_cloned", since = "1.59.0")]
+    pub fn cloned(self) -> Result<T, E>
+    where
+        T: Clone,
+    {
+        self.map(|t| t.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, E> Result<Option<T>, E> {
+    /// Transposes a `Result` of an `Option` into an `Option` of a `Result`.
+    ///
+    /// `Ok(None)` will be mapped to `None`.
+    /// `Ok(Some(_))` and `Err(_)` will be mapped to `Some(Ok(_))` and `Some(Err(_))`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+    /// struct SomeErr;
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<Option<i32>, SomeErr> = Ok(Some(5));
+    /// let y: Option<Result<i32, SomeErr>> = Some(Ok(5));
+    /// assert_eq!(x.transpose(), y);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "transpose_result", since = "1.33.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_result", since = "1.83.0")]
+    #[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(const_precise_live_drops)]
+    pub const fn transpose(self) -> Option<Result<T, E>> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(Some(x)) => Some(Ok(x)),
+            Ok(None) => None,
+            Err(e) => Some(Err(e)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, E> Result<Result<T, E>, E> {
+    /// Converts from `Result<Result<T, E>, E>` to `Result<T, E>`
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<Result<&'static str, u32>, u32> = Ok(Ok("hello"));
+    /// assert_eq!(Ok("hello"), x.flatten());
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<Result<&'static str, u32>, u32> = Ok(Err(6));
+    /// assert_eq!(Err(6), x.flatten());
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<Result<&'static str, u32>, u32> = Err(6);
+    /// assert_eq!(Err(6), x.flatten());
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Flattening only removes one level of nesting at a time:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<Result<Result<&'static str, u32>, u32>, u32> = Ok(Ok(Ok("hello")));
+    /// assert_eq!(Ok(Ok("hello")), x.flatten());
+    /// assert_eq!(Ok("hello"), x.flatten().flatten());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[stable(feature = "result_flattening", since = "1.89.0")]
+    #[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(const_precise_live_drops)]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "result_flattening", since = "1.89.0")]
+    pub const fn flatten(self) -> Result<T, E> {
+        // FIXME(const-hack): could be written with `and_then`
+        match self {
+            Ok(inner) => inner,
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// This is a separate function to reduce the code size of the methods
+#[cfg(not(panic = "immediate-abort"))]
+#[inline(never)]
+#[cold]
+#[track_caller]
+fn unwrap_failed(msg: &str, error: &dyn fmt::Debug) -> ! {
+    panic!("{msg}: {error:?}");
+}
+
+// This is a separate function to avoid constructing a `dyn Debug`
+// that gets immediately thrown away, since vtables don't get cleaned up
+// by dead code elimination if a trait object is constructed even if it goes
+// unused
+#[cfg(panic = "immediate-abort")]
+#[inline]
+#[cold]
+#[track_caller]
+const fn unwrap_failed<T>(_msg: &str, _error: &T) -> ! {
+    panic!()
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Trait implementations
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<T, E> Clone for Result<T, E>
+where
+    T: Clone,
+    E: Clone,
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            Ok(x) => Ok(x.clone()),
+            Err(x) => Err(x.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self) {
+        match (self, source) {
+            (Ok(to), Ok(from)) => to.clone_from(from),
+            (Err(to), Err(from)) => to.clone_from(from),
+            (to, from) => *to = from.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[unstable(feature = "ergonomic_clones", issue = "132290")]
+impl<T, E> crate::clone::UseCloned for Result<T, E>
+where
+    T: crate::clone::UseCloned,
+    E: crate::clone::UseCloned,
+{
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<T, E> IntoIterator for Result<T, E> {
+    type Item = T;
+    type IntoIter = IntoIter<T>;
+
+    /// Returns a consuming iterator over the possibly contained value.
+    ///
+    /// The iterator yields one value if the result is [`Result::Ok`], otherwise none.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Ok(5);
+    /// let v: Vec<u32> = x.into_iter().collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(v, [5]);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Result<u32, &str> = Err("nothing!");
+    /// let v: Vec<u32> = x.into_iter().collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(v, []);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_iter(self) -> IntoIter<T> {
+        IntoIter { inner: self.ok() }
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(since = "1.4.0", feature = "result_iter")]
+impl<'a, T, E> IntoIterator for &'a Result<T, E> {
+    type Item = &'a T;
+    type IntoIter = Iter<'a, T>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Iter<'a, T> {
+        self.iter()
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(since = "1.4.0", feature = "result_iter")]
+impl<'a, T, E> IntoIterator for &'a mut Result<T, E> {
+    type Item = &'a mut T;
+    type IntoIter = IterMut<'a, T>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> IterMut<'a, T> {
+        self.iter_mut()
+    }
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// The Result Iterators
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// An iterator over a reference to the [`Ok`] variant of a [`Result`].
+///
+/// The iterator yields one value if the result is [`Ok`], otherwise none.
+///
+/// Created by [`Result::iter`].
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub struct Iter<'a, T: 'a> {
+    inner: Option<&'a T>,
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<'a, T> Iterator for Iter<'a, T> {
+    type Item = &'a T;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> {
+        self.inner.take()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        let n = if self.inner.is_some() { 1 } else { 0 };
+        (n, Some(n))
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<'a, T> DoubleEndedIterator for Iter<'a, T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> {
+        self.inner.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for Iter<'_, T> {}
+
+#[stable(feature = "fused", since = "1.26.0")]
+impl<T> FusedIterator for Iter<'_, T> {}
+
+#[unstable(feature = "trusted_len", issue = "37572")]
+unsafe impl<A> TrustedLen for Iter<'_, A> {}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<T> Clone for Iter<'_, T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Iter { inner: self.inner }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An iterator over a mutable reference to the [`Ok`] variant of a [`Result`].
+///
+/// Created by [`Result::iter_mut`].
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub struct IterMut<'a, T: 'a> {
+    inner: Option<&'a mut T>,
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<'a, T> Iterator for IterMut<'a, T> {
+    type Item = &'a mut T;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a mut T> {
+        self.inner.take()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        let n = if self.inner.is_some() { 1 } else { 0 };
+        (n, Some(n))
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<'a, T> DoubleEndedIterator for IterMut<'a, T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<&'a mut T> {
+        self.inner.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for IterMut<'_, T> {}
+
+#[stable(feature = "fused", since = "1.26.0")]
+impl<T> FusedIterator for IterMut<'_, T> {}
+
+#[unstable(feature = "trusted_len", issue = "37572")]
+unsafe impl<A> TrustedLen for IterMut<'_, A> {}
+
+/// An iterator over the value in a [`Ok`] variant of a [`Result`].
+///
+/// The iterator yields one value if the result is [`Ok`], otherwise none.
+///
+/// This struct is created by the [`into_iter`] method on
+/// [`Result`] (provided by the [`IntoIterator`] trait).
+///
+/// [`into_iter`]: IntoIterator::into_iter
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub struct IntoIter<T> {
+    inner: Option<T>,
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<T> Iterator for IntoIter<T> {
+    type Item = T;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
+        self.inner.take()
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        let n = if self.inner.is_some() { 1 } else { 0 };
+        (n, Some(n))
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<T> DoubleEndedIterator for IntoIter<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
+        self.inner.take()
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for IntoIter<T> {}
+
+#[stable(feature = "fused", since = "1.26.0")]
+impl<T> FusedIterator for IntoIter<T> {}
+
+#[unstable(feature = "trusted_len", issue = "37572")]
+unsafe impl<A> TrustedLen for IntoIter<A> {}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FromIterator
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl<A, E, V: FromIterator<A>> FromIterator<Result<A, E>> for Result<V, E> {
+    /// Takes each element in the `Iterator`: if it is an `Err`, no further
+    /// elements are taken, and the `Err` is returned. Should no `Err` occur, a
+    /// container with the values of each `Result` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// Here is an example which increments every integer in a vector,
+    /// checking for overflow:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let v = vec![1, 2];
+    /// let res: Result<Vec<u32>, &'static str> = v.iter().map(|x: &u32|
+    ///     x.checked_add(1).ok_or("Overflow!")
+    /// ).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(vec![2, 3]));
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Here is another example that tries to subtract one from another list
+    /// of integers, this time checking for underflow:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let v = vec![1, 2, 0];
+    /// let res: Result<Vec<u32>, &'static str> = v.iter().map(|x: &u32|
+    ///     x.checked_sub(1).ok_or("Underflow!")
+    /// ).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(res, Err("Underflow!"));
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Here is a variation on the previous example, showing that no
+    /// further elements are taken from `iter` after the first `Err`.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let v = vec![3, 2, 1, 10];
+    /// let mut shared = 0;
+    /// let res: Result<Vec<u32>, &'static str> = v.iter().map(|x: &u32| {
+    ///     shared += x;
+    ///     x.checked_sub(2).ok_or("Underflow!")
+    /// }).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(res, Err("Underflow!"));
+    /// assert_eq!(shared, 6);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Since the third element caused an underflow, no further elements were taken,
+    /// so the final value of `shared` is 6 (= `3 + 2 + 1`), not 16.
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = Result<A, E>>>(iter: I) -> Result<V, E> {
+        iter::try_process(iter.into_iter(), |i| i.collect())
+    }
+}
+
+#[unstable(feature = "try_trait_v2", issue = "84277", old_name = "try_trait")]
+#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_try", issue = "74935")]
+impl<T, E> const ops::Try for Result<T, E> {
+    type Output = T;
+    type Residual = Result<convert::Infallible, E>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_output(output: Self::Output) -> Self {
+        Ok(output)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn branch(self) -> ControlFlow<Self::Residual, Self::Output> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(v) => ControlFlow::Continue(v),
+            Err(e) => ControlFlow::Break(Err(e)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[unstable(feature = "try_trait_v2", issue = "84277", old_name = "try_trait")]
+#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_try", issue = "74935")]
+impl<T, E, F: [const] From<E>> const ops::FromResidual<Result<convert::Infallible, E>>
+    for Result<T, F>
+{
+    #[inline]
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn from_residual(residual: Result<convert::Infallible, E>) -> Self {
+        match residual {
+            Err(e) => Err(From::from(e)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+#[diagnostic::do_not_recommend]
+#[unstable(feature = "try_trait_v2_yeet", issue = "96374")]
+#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_try", issue = "74935")]
+impl<T, E, F: [const] From<E>> const ops::FromResidual<ops::Yeet<E>> for Result<T, F> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_residual(ops::Yeet(e): ops::Yeet<E>) -> Self {
+        Err(From::from(e))
+    }
+}
+
+#[unstable(feature = "try_trait_v2_residual", issue = "91285")]
+#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_try", issue = "74935")]
+impl<T, E> const ops::Residual<T> for Result<convert::Infallible, E> {
+    type TryType = Result<T, E>;
+}