romdevtools 0.28.0 → 0.29.0

package/examples/atari2600/templates/puzzle.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,1056 @@
+; ── puzzle.asm — TILE TWINS — Atari 2600 memory match-pairs (complete game) ──
+;
+; A COMPLETE, working game — drawn title screen, a turn-based MEMORY puzzle
+; (flip two tiles, match the pair to clear them, clear the whole board to
+; win), a move counter + in-session best (fewest flips), TIA sound effects +
+; a title jingle, a win/game-over state with auto-return to the title, and
+; the 2600's signature feature: THE WHOLE MACHINE. There is no framebuffer,
+; no tilemap, no OS — every visible scanline is composed live by racing the
+; beam.
+;
+; WHY THIS IS A PUZZLE, NOT AN ACTION GAME: nothing moves on its own. The
+; board is static; the player THINKS, moves a cursor, and chooses which two
+; tiles to flip. The challenge is memory + deduction, not reflexes. That is
+; the honest "puzzle" idiom — and it suits the 2600 well, because a static,
+; turn-based board needs no per-frame motion and so the kernel is simple.
+;
+; THE BOARD: 8 tiles = 4 PAIRS, drawn as a vertical stack of 8 bands. Each
+; tile holds a hidden VALUE 0..3 (two of each, shuffled at game start). A
+; tile is in one of three display states:
+;   FACE-DOWN  — drawn in neutral gray (you don't know its value)
+;   REVEALED   — drawn in its VALUE's color (you flipped it this turn)
+;   MATCHED    — drawn dark/empty (cleared; it's out of play)
+; The cursor (the tile you're about to flip) gets a bright border line.
+;
+; TIA object roles:
+;   PF       = the 8 tile bands (full-width blocks; the only 2600 object wide
+;               enough to read as a "tile"). COLUPF changes per band = per-
+;               tile color, the easy honest way to show 4 distinct values.
+;   COLUBK   = the cursor highlight (the selected band's background brightens).
+;
+; CONTROLS: joystick UP/DOWN moves the cursor; FIRE flips the tile under it.
+; Flip one, then flip another: match → both clear + a chime; miss → both flip
+; back after a short pause. Match all 4 pairs to win.
+
+  processor 6502
+  org $F000
+
+; ── TIA write registers ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+VSYNC    = $00
+VBLANK   = $01
+WSYNC    = $02
+NUSIZ0   = $04
+NUSIZ1   = $05
+COLUP0   = $06
+COLUP1   = $07
+COLUPF   = $08
+COLUBK   = $09
+CTRLPF   = $0A
+PF0      = $0D
+PF1      = $0E
+PF2      = $0F
+RESP0    = $10
+GRP0     = $1B
+HMP0     = $20
+HMOVE    = $2A
+HMCLR    = $2B
+CXCLR    = $2C
+; ── TIA audio ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+AUDC0    = $15
+AUDC1    = $16
+AUDF0    = $17
+AUDF1    = $18
+AUDV0    = $19
+AUDV1    = $1A
+; ── TIA READ registers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+INPT4    = $0C          ; joystick 0 fire (bit7, ACTIVE LOW)
+; ── RIOT ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+SWCHA    = $280         ; joysticks: P0 = high nibble (active LOW)
+SWCHB    = $282         ; console: bit0 RESET, bit1 SELECT (ACTIVE LOW)
+INTIM    = $284         ; timer read
+TIM64T   = $296         ; timer set, 64-cycle ticks
+
+; ── Zero-page state (the 2600's ENTIRE RAM is $80-$FF — 128 bytes; in
+; core memory dumps system_ram offset 0 = $80) ────────────────────────
+STATE     = $80         ; 0 = title, 1 = play, 2 = game over / win
+CURSOR    = $81         ; selected tile index 0..7
+FIRST     = $82         ; index of the first flipped tile this turn, or $FF none
+MOVES     = $83         ; flips taken this game, BCD (the score — LOWER is better)
+MOVES_HI  = $84         ; high byte of the move count, BCD
+MATCHED   = $85         ; bit i set = tile i is matched/cleared (8 bits)
+REVEAL    = $86         ; bit i set = tile i is currently face-UP (revealed)
+PAIRS     = $87         ; pairs found so far (win at 4)
+MISS_T    = $88         ; >0 = mismatch pause countdown (both tiles shown, then hide)
+FRAME     = $89
+SFX_LEFT  = $8A         ; frames remaining on the voice-0 sound effect
+TUNE_SEL  = $8B         ; 0 = title jingle, 1 = win/over tune (voice 1)
+TUNE_POS  = $8C
+TUNE_LEFT = $8D         ; frames left on current jingle note (0 = silent)
+OVER_T    = $8E         ; game-over auto-return-to-title countdown
+SWCHB_PRV = $8F         ; previous SWCHB for RESET edge detect
+FIRE_PRV  = $90         ; previous fire level (bit7) for fire-edge detect
+DPAD_PRV  = $91         ; previous SWCHA for up/down edge detect
+EDGEB     = $92         ; this frame's RESET press-edge (bit0)
+FIRE_EDG  = $93         ; this frame's fire press-edge (bit7)
+TMP       = $94
+TMP2      = $95
+RNG       = $96         ; pseudo-random state (LFSR), reseeded each idle frame
+BOARD     = $97         ; 8 bytes: hidden value 0..3 of each tile
+                        ;   (BOARD..BOARD+7 = $97..$9E)
+S0BUF     = $A0         ; 6 rows: packed move-count digits for the kernel
+MOVES_BSV = $A6         ; SESSION best (fewest moves to clear), BCD low
+MOVES_BSH = $A7         ;   RAM only — real 2600 carts have no battery.
+HSBUF     = $A8         ; 6 rows: best, packed (for the title kernel)
+SCRATCH   = $AE         ; 6 bytes general kernel/packer scratch
+
+; ── layout / tuning constants (clay — change to reshape the game) ──────
+NTILES    = 8           ; 4 pairs
+NVALUES   = 4           ; distinct tile values (two of each)
+WIN_PAIRS = 4
+BANDH     = 18          ; scanlines per tile band (8 × 18 = 144)
+BANDGAP   = 4           ; black separator lines at the bottom of each band
+                        ;   (so the 8 tiles read as 8 distinct bars). The lit
+                        ;   tile occupies BANDH-BANDGAP lines.
+MISS_HOLD = 45          ; frames a mismatched pair stays visible before hiding
+
+COL_BG    = $00         ; black gap behind the board
+COL_DOWN  = $06         ; neutral gray — a face-DOWN tile
+COL_GONE  = $02         ; near-black — a matched/cleared tile
+COL_CUR   = $0E         ; cursor highlight — bright white separator bar
+COL_HUD   = $0E         ; white move-counter digits
+
+; the four VALUE colors (revealed tiles). Distinct hues, all bright.
+VAL_COL0  = $46         ; red
+VAL_COL1  = $1E         ; yellow
+VAL_COL2  = $96         ; blue
+VAL_COL3  = $C8         ; green
+
+START:
+  SEI
+  CLD
+  LDX #$FF
+  TXS
+  LDA #0
+.clr:
+  STA $00,X             ; clears ALL of $00-$FF: zero page RAM AND the TIA
+  DEX                   ; write registers (GRP/audio all silenced — the
+  BNE .clr              ; standard 2600 power-on hygiene)
+
+  ; single, full-width objects everywhere; the cursor sprite (P0) is one band
+  ; tall and we reposition it per frame.
+  LDA #%00000000
+  STA NUSIZ0
+  STA NUSIZ1
+  LDA #$FF
+  STA RNG               ; nonzero LFSR seed
+
+  JSR enter_title
+
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+; ── HARDWARE IDIOM (load-bearing — reshape gameplay around this) ───────
+; THE FRAME LOOP. 262 scanlines, every frame, forever. VBLANK and overscan
+; are timed with the RIOT timer (TIM64T) instead of counted WSYNCs: set the
+; timer, run however much game logic the state needs, then spin on INTIM.
+; This kills the classic homebrew bug where adding one branch to the logic
+; emits a 263rd line and the TV loses vsync. The VISIBLE 192 lines are still
+; counted exactly by the kernels below.
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+MAIN:
+  LDA #2
+  STA VBLANK
+  STA VSYNC
+  STA WSYNC
+  STA WSYNC
+  STA WSYNC
+  LDA #0
+  STA VSYNC
+  LDA #43
+  STA TIM64T
+
+  JSR frame_logic       ; all game thinking happens in the blanked region
+
+.vbwait:
+  LDA INTIM
+  BNE .vbwait
+  STA WSYNC
+
+  LDA STATE
+  BNE .ingame
+  JMP title_kernel
+.ingame:
+  JMP play_kernel
+
+kernel_done:
+  LDA #2
+  STA VBLANK
+  LDA #35
+  STA TIM64T
+.oswait:
+  LDA INTIM
+  BNE .oswait
+  STA WSYNC
+  JMP MAIN
+
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+; Per-frame logic, dispatched by state. Runs entirely inside timed VBLANK.
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+frame_logic:
+  INC FRAME
+  JSR audio_tick
+
+  ; ── HARDWARE IDIOM (load-bearing) ──
+  ; Console RESET, fire, and the joystick are ACTIVE LOW and not debounced;
+  ; convert each to a press-EDGE once per frame (was-released AND pressed-now)
+  ; so one physical press = one action, not one-per-frame.
+  LDA SWCHB
+  TAX
+  EOR #$FF
+  AND SWCHB_PRV
+  STA EDGEB             ; bit0 = RESET edge
+  STX SWCHB_PRV
+  ; fire button → edge in bit7
+  LDA #0
+  BIT INPT4
+  BMI .fup              ; bit7 set = not pressed (active low)
+  ORA #$80
+.fup:
+  TAY
+  LDA FIRE_PRV
+  EOR #$FF
+  STA TMP
+  TYA
+  AND TMP
+  STA FIRE_EDG          ; bit7 = fire press-edge
+  STY FIRE_PRV
+
+  ; keep the RNG churning while we wait for input
+  JSR rng_step
+
+  LDA STATE
+  BEQ logic_title
+  CMP #1
+  BEQ logic_play_jmp
+  JMP logic_over
+logic_play_jmp:
+  JMP logic_play
+
+; ── GAME LOGIC (clay — reshape freely) ── title-screen behavior ────────
+logic_title:
+  ; fire or console RESET starts a new game.
+  LDA FIRE_EDG
+  BMI .start
+  LDA EDGEB
+  AND #$01
+  BNE .start
+  JMP .packtitle
+.start:
+  JMP start_game
+.packtitle:
+  ; Pack the session BEST into the title's display buffer (the kernel just
+  ; streams bytes — all per-frame thinking happens HERE, in VBLANK).
+  LDA MOVES_BSV
+  JSR pack_two_digits
+  LDY #0
+.hst:
+  LDA SCRATCH,Y
+  STA HSBUF,Y
+  INY
+  CPY #6
+  BNE .hst
+  RTS
+
+; ── GAME LOGIC (clay — reshape freely) ── one turn of the puzzle ───────
+; All input is edge-triggered, so the board only changes on a deliberate
+; press. The mismatch pause (MISS_T) is the one timed element — it just
+; holds a wrong pair visible long enough to memorize before hiding it.
+logic_play:
+  ; mismatch pause: if running, count it down; when it expires, hide BOTH
+  ; revealed tiles and end the turn. Ignore all input meanwhile.
+  LDA MISS_T
+  BEQ .noMiss
+  DEC MISS_T
+  BEQ .missEnd          ; pause just expired → hide the pair below
+  JMP .ppack            ; still pausing — show the pair, take no input
+.missEnd:
+  LDA #0
+  STA REVEAL            ; pause over: flip every revealed (unmatched) tile down
+  LDA #$FF
+  STA FIRST
+  JMP .ppack
+.noMiss:
+
+  ; cursor up/down. SWCHA player-0 directions are active-LOW in the high
+  ; nibble: Up=bit4, Down=bit5, Left=bit6, Right=bit7 (verified empirically
+  ; against the host). A pressed direction reads 0, so invert to get a
+  ; "pressed-now" mask, then AND with last frame's pressed mask's complement
+  ; for a clean press-edge (one tap = one step).
+  LDA SWCHA
+  TAX                   ; X = raw current levels (active low)
+  EOR #$FF              ; A = pressed-now (1 = held)
+  STA TMP2              ; TMP2 = pressed-now mask
+  EOR #$FF              ; back to raw...
+  AND DPAD_PRV          ; (unused path) — keep DPAD_PRV as the prev pressed mask
+  ; compute edge = pressed-now AND NOT pressed-last
+  LDA DPAD_PRV
+  EOR #$FF              ; NOT(pressed-last)
+  AND TMP2              ; AND pressed-now → newly-pressed this frame
+  STA TMP               ; TMP = press-edge mask
+  LDA TMP2
+  STA DPAD_PRV          ; store pressed-now as next frame's "pressed-last"
+  LDA TMP
+  AND #%00010000        ; UP = bit4
+  BEQ .noUp
+  LDA CURSOR
+  BEQ .noUp             ; already at top
+  DEC CURSOR
+.noUp:
+  LDA TMP
+  AND #%00100000        ; DOWN = bit5
+  BEQ .noDown
+  LDA CURSOR
+  CMP #(NTILES-1)
+  BCS .noDown           ; already at bottom
+  INC CURSOR
+.noDown:
+
+  ; FIRE = flip the tile under the cursor (if it's legal to flip).
+  LDA FIRE_EDG
+  BPL .ppack            ; no fire this frame
+  ; ignore if this tile is already matched or already revealed
+  LDX CURSOR
+  JSR tile_bit          ; A = mask for CURSOR, X preserved as index
+  STA TMP2              ; TMP2 = cursor bit mask
+  AND MATCHED
+  BNE .ppack            ; matched → can't flip
+  LDA TMP2
+  AND REVEAL
+  BNE .ppack            ; already face-up → ignore
+
+  ; reveal this tile
+  LDA REVEAL
+  ORA TMP2
+  STA REVEAL
+  ; count the flip (a "move")
+  JSR add_move
+  ; SFX: a short blip on every flip
+  LDA #8
+  LDX #4
+  LDY #4
+  JSR sfx_play
+
+  ; is this the FIRST or the SECOND tile of the turn?
+  LDA FIRST
+  BPL .second
+  ; first: just remember it
+  LDA CURSOR
+  STA FIRST
+  JMP .ppack
+.second:
+  ; second flip — compare values. FIRST holds the other tile's index.
+  LDX FIRST
+  LDA BOARD,X
+  STA TMP               ; value of first tile
+  LDX CURSOR
+  LDA BOARD,X
+  CMP TMP
+  BNE .miss
+  ; MATCH! mark both matched, clear them from REVEAL, bump PAIRS.
+  LDA MATCHED
+  ORA TMP2              ; cursor's bit
+  STA TMP2              ; (reuse TMP2 to accumulate)
+  LDX FIRST
+  JSR tile_bit
+  ORA TMP2
+  STA MATCHED
+  LDA #0
+  STA REVEAL            ; both were the only revealed tiles
+  LDA #$FF
+  STA FIRST
+  INC PAIRS
+  ; match chime (higher, longer)
+  LDA #20
+  LDX #12
+  LDY #14
+  JSR sfx_play
+  ; win?
+  LDA PAIRS
+  CMP #WIN_PAIRS
+  BCS .win
+  JMP .ppack
+.miss:
+  ; mismatch: start the pause; both stay visible until MISS_T expires.
+  LDA #MISS_HOLD
+  STA MISS_T
+  ; low buzz
+  LDA #28
+  LDX #6
+  LDY #10
+  JSR sfx_play
+  JMP .ppack
+.win:
+  ; record best (fewest moves) and go to the win/over state.
+  JSR record_best
+  JMP do_game_over
+
+.ppack:
+  ; pack the live move count into the score buffer for the kernel.
+  JSR pack_moves
+  RTS
+
+; ── GAME LOGIC (clay — reshape freely) ── win / game-over freeze-frame ──
+logic_over:
+  LDA EDGEB
+  AND #$01
+  BNE .toTitle
+  LDA FIRE_EDG
+  BMI .toTitle
+  DEC OVER_T
+  BNE .stay
+.toTitle:
+  JMP enter_title
+.stay:
+  JSR pack_moves
+  RTS
+
+; ── GAME LOGIC (clay — reshape freely) ── helpers ──────────────────────
+
+; tile_bit — A = the bit mask (1<<index) for tile index in X. X preserved.
+tile_bit:
+  LDA #1
+  CPX #0
+  BEQ .tbdone
+  STX TMP
+.sh:
+  ASL
+  DEC TMP
+  BNE .sh
+.tbdone:
+  RTS
+
+; rng_step — 8-bit LFSR (taps 0xB8). Keeps RNG nonzero; cheap entropy for
+; the shuffle. Called every frame so the seed depends on how long the
+; player lingered on the title.
+rng_step:
+  LDA RNG
+  LSR
+  BCC .noeor
+  EOR #$B8
+.noeor:
+  STA RNG
+  RTS
+
+; TMP3PLUS1 — a scratch byte holding (i+1), the modulus for the shuffle's
+; "j = rng mod (i+1)" step (see shuffle_with_bounds below).
+TMP3PLUS1 = SCRATCH+5
+
+add_move:               ; +1 flip, BCD, capped at 99 (then high byte)
+  SED
+  CLC
+  LDA MOVES
+  ADC #1
+  STA MOVES
+  LDA MOVES_HI
+  ADC #0
+  STA MOVES_HI
+  CLD
+  RTS
+
+record_best:            ; if MOVES < session best (or best is 0), store it
+  LDA MOVES_BSV
+  ORA MOVES_BSH
+  BEQ .store            ; best still 0 = unset → first win always records
+  LDA MOVES_HI
+  CMP MOVES_BSH
+  BCC .store
+  BNE .rbdone
+  LDA MOVES
+  CMP MOVES_BSV
+  BCS .rbdone           ; current >= best → keep old best
+.store:
+  LDA MOVES
+  STA MOVES_BSV
+  LDA MOVES_HI
+  STA MOVES_BSH
+.rbdone:
+  RTS
+
+do_game_over:
+  LDA #2
+  STA STATE
+  LDA #180
+  STA OVER_T            ; ~3s auto-return to title
+  LDA #1
+  STA TUNE_SEL          ; win tune
+  JSR tune_start
+  RTS
+
+start_game:
+  ; reset all per-game state, shuffle a fresh board, enter play.
+  LDA #0
+  STA MOVES
+  STA MOVES_HI
+  STA MATCHED
+  STA REVEAL
+  STA PAIRS
+  STA MISS_T
+  STA TUNE_LEFT         ; silence the title jingle
+  LDA #$FF
+  STA FIRST
+  LDA #0
+  STA CURSOR
+  JSR shuffle_with_bounds   ; fresh shuffled board (two each of 0..3)
+  LDA #1
+  STA STATE
+  JSR pack_moves
+  RTS
+
+; shuffle_with_bounds — wrapper that drives shuffle_board's mod bound (i+1)
+; as i descends. Kept separate so shuffle_board stays readable.
+shuffle_with_bounds:
+  ; seed 0,0,1,1,2,2,3,3
+  LDX #0
+.seed:
+  TXA
+  LSR
+  STA BOARD,X
+  INX
+  CPX #NTILES
+  BNE .seed
+  LDX #(NTILES-1)
+.loop:
+  TXA
+  CLC
+  ADC #1
+  STA TMP3PLUS1         ; bound = i+1
+  JSR rng_step
+  LDA RNG
+  AND #$07
+.fold:
+  CMP TMP3PLUS1
+  BCC .haveJ
+  SEC
+  SBC TMP3PLUS1
+  JMP .fold
+.haveJ:
+  TAY                   ; Y = j
+  LDA BOARD,X
+  STA TMP2
+  LDA BOARD,Y
+  STA BOARD,X
+  LDA TMP2
+  STA BOARD,Y
+  DEX
+  BNE .loop
+  RTS
+
+enter_title:
+  LDA #0
+  STA STATE
+  STA SFX_LEFT
+  STA TUNE_SEL          ; title jingle
+  STA MISS_T
+  STA REVEAL
+  JSR tune_start
+  RTS
+
+; digit_times6 — A = digit 0-9 → A = digit*6 (DIGITS row index)
+digit_times6:
+  STA TMP
+  ASL
+  ASL                   ; *4
+  CLC
+  ADC TMP               ; *5
+  CLC
+  ADC TMP               ; *6
+  RTS
+
+; pack_two_digits — render the two BCD digits of A into SCRATCH..SCRATCH+5
+; (6 font rows), low digit left, high digit right, for the title best line.
+pack_two_digits:
+  PHA
+  AND #$0F              ; low digit
+  JSR digit_times6
+  TAX
+  LDY #0
+.lo:
+  LDA DIGITS,X
+  STA SCRATCH,Y
+  INX
+  INY
+  CPY #6
+  BNE .lo
+  PLA
+  LSR
+  LSR
+  LSR
+  LSR                   ; high digit
+  JSR digit_times6
+  TAX
+  LDY #0
+.hi:
+  LDA DIGITS,X
+  ; merge: high digit occupies the right nibble columns (shift right 4)
+  LSR
+  LSR
+  LSR
+  LSR
+  ORA SCRATCH,Y
+  STA SCRATCH,Y
+  INX
+  INY
+  CPY #6
+  BNE .hi
+  RTS
+
+; pack_moves — render the low two MOVES digits into S0BUF (the live counter
+; the play/over kernel streams into the score bar).
+pack_moves:
+  LDA MOVES
+  JSR pack_two_digits
+  LDY #0
+.cp:
+  LDA SCRATCH,Y
+  STA S0BUF,Y
+  INY
+  CPY #6
+  BNE .cp
+  RTS
+
+; ── GAME LOGIC (clay — reshape freely) ── TIA sound ────────────────────
+; sfx_play — A = AUDF pitch, X = AUDC waveform, Y = frames. Voice 0.
+sfx_play:
+  STA AUDF0
+  STX AUDC0
+  STY SFX_LEFT
+  LDA #8
+  STA AUDV0
+  RTS
+
+; tune_start — begin the jingle selected by TUNE_SEL (0 title, 1 win). V1.
+tune_start:
+  LDA #0
+  STA TUNE_POS
+  JSR tune_note
+  RTS
+
+; tune_note — load AUDF1 from the selected table at TUNE_POS; returns Z set
+; (A=0) on the $FF terminator. Sets the note's duration into TUNE_LEFT.
+tune_note:
+  LDX TUNE_POS
+  LDA TUNE_SEL
+  BEQ .title
+  LDA OVER_TUNE,X
+  JMP .got
+.title:
+  LDA TITLE_TUNE,X
+.got:
+  CMP #$FF
+  BEQ .end
+  STA AUDF1
+  LDA #12
+  STA AUDC1
+  LDA #8
+  STA AUDV1
+  LDA #16
+  STA TUNE_LEFT         ; 16 frames per note
+  LDA #1                ; Z clear = not terminated
+  RTS
+.end:
+  LDA #0
+  STA AUDV1             ; silence
+  STA TUNE_LEFT
+  RTS
+
+; audio_tick — once per frame, every state: age the SFX and advance the tune.
+audio_tick:
+  LDA SFX_LEFT
+  BEQ .nosfx
+  DEC SFX_LEFT
+  BNE .nosfx
+  LDA #0
+  STA AUDV0             ; SFX finished → silence voice 0
+.nosfx:
+  LDA TUNE_LEFT
+  BEQ .notune
+  DEC TUNE_LEFT
+  BNE .notune
+  INC TUNE_POS          ; next note
+  JSR tune_note
+.notune:
+  RTS
+
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+; ── HARDWARE IDIOM (load-bearing) ──
+; OBJECT POSITIONING — the canonical SBC-#15 beam-race for P0 (the cursor
+; bracket). The object lands wherever the beam is when you strobe RESP0;
+; each SBC/BCS lap is 5 cycles = 15 pixels, and the remainder becomes the
+; fine HMOVE offset. We park P0 at the left margin so its bracket frames the
+; board's left edge on the cursor's band.
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+position_cursor:
+  STA WSYNC
+  STA HMCLR
+  LDA #16               ; cursor bracket X (left margin)
+  STA WSYNC
+  SEC
+.d0:
+  SBC #15
+  BCS .d0
+  EOR #7
+  ASL
+  ASL
+  ASL
+  ASL
+  STA RESP0
+  STA HMP0
+  STA WSYNC
+  STA HMOVE
+  RTS
+
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+; ── HARDWARE IDIOM (load-bearing) ──
+; THE PLAY/GAME-OVER KERNEL — 192 visible lines, fully accounted:
+;   24 = move-counter bar  +  144 = board (8 bands × 18)  +  24 = pad = 192
+;
+; MOVE BAR (SCORE mode): CTRLPF=$02 colors the left half with COLUP0; we
+; stream the packed counter digits into PF1, one font row / 4 lines.
+;
+; BOARD: 8 tile bands of BANDH lines. Per band we pick the tile's COLOR from
+; its state — matched (dark), revealed (its value color), or face-down (gray)
+; — and brighten COLUBK on the cursor's band. The whole band is one lit PF
+; block (PF0/PF1/PF2 = solid), so each tile reads as a fat horizontal bar.
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+play_kernel:
+  JSR position_cursor
+
+  LDA #COL_BG
+  STA COLUBK
+  LDA #0
+  STA PF0
+  STA PF1
+  STA PF2
+  STA GRP0
+  STA VBLANK            ; beam on
+  ; SCORE mode colors the playfield halves by COLUP0 (left) / COLUP1 (right),
+  ; NOT COLUPF — set both white so the counter digits read on either half.
+  LDA #COL_HUD
+  STA COLUP0
+  STA COLUP1
+  STA COLUPF
+  LDA #$02
+  STA CTRLPF            ; SCORE mode for the counter bar
+
+  ; ---- move-counter bar: 24 lines (6 font rows × 4) ----
+  LDX #0
+.sbar:
+  STA WSYNC
+  TXA
+  LSR
+  LSR
+  TAY
+  LDA S0BUF,Y
+  STA PF1
+  INX
+  CPX #24
+  BNE .sbar
+
+  ; transition: clear the bar; switch to a solid full-width playfield for the
+  ; tile bands (no reflect needed — each band is a solid bar).
+  STA WSYNC
+  LDA #0
+  STA PF1
+  STA CTRLPF            ; normal repeat, solid PF
+  LDA #$FF
+  STA PF0              ; PF0 uses bits 4-7 → solid left 4 px
+  STA PF1
+  STA PF2              ; all three solid = full 40-px-wide band
+
+  ; ---- board: NTILES bands, tile 0 at top ----
+  LDX #0                ; X = tile index
+.bandLoop:
+  ; pick this tile's playfield color into A.
+  JSR tile_bit          ; A = mask for tile X
+  STA TMP2
+  AND MATCHED
+  BNE .gone
+  LDA TMP2
+  AND REVEAL
+  BNE .revealed
+  ; face-down
+  LDA #COL_DOWN
+  JMP .haveCol
+.gone:
+  LDA #COL_GONE
+  JMP .haveCol
+.revealed:
+  ; color = VAL_COLn for BOARD[X]
+  LDA BOARD,X
+  TAY
+  LDA VALCOLS,Y
+.haveCol:
+  STA TMP               ; TMP = this tile's lit color
+
+  ; cursor highlight: the SELECTED band draws its separator gap as a bright
+  ; white bar (an unmistakable underline); other bands' gaps are black.
+  LDA #COL_BG
+  CPX CURSOR
+  BNE .noCur
+  LDA #COL_CUR
+.noCur:
+  STA TMP2              ; TMP2 = this band's GAP color
+
+  ; ---- lit tile: BANDH-BANDGAP lines in the tile color ----
+  LDA TMP
+  STA COLUPF
+  LDA #$FF
+  STA PF0
+  STA PF1
+  STA PF2              ; ensure solid (the gap below clears it)
+  LDY #(BANDH-BANDGAP)
+.tileLine:
+  STA WSYNC
+  DEY
+  BNE .tileLine
+
+  ; ---- separator gap: BANDGAP lines. PF colored by TMP2 (white on the
+  ;      cursor band, black otherwise) so the selection reads as a bar. ----
+  LDA TMP2
+  STA COLUPF
+  LDY #BANDGAP
+.gapLine:
+  STA WSYNC
+  DEY
+  BNE .gapLine
+
+  INX
+  CPX #NTILES
+  BNE .bandLoop
+
+  ; pad to 192 visible (24 bar + 144 board = 168 → +24 pad)
+  LDA #0
+  STA PF0
+  STA PF1
+  STA PF2
+  STA COLUBK
+  STA GRP0
+  LDX #24
+.pad:
+  STA WSYNC
+  DEX
+  BNE .pad
+
+  JMP kernel_done
+
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+; ── HARDWARE IDIOM (load-bearing) ──
+; THE TITLE KERNEL — 192 lines, banded:
+;   24 blank + 28 banner "TILE" + 8 gap + 28 banner "TWINS" + 16 gap +
+;   24 best + remainder pad = 192. The banner is an ASYMMETRIC PLAYFIELD,
+;   the 2600's only way to draw full-width artwork: PF0/PF1/PF2 are reloaded
+;   mid-line so the left copy (px 0..19) and right copy (px 20..39) carry
+;   independent pixels. CTRLPF bit0 = 0 (repeat) is required.
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+title_kernel:
+  LDA #$84
+  STA COLUBK
+  LDA #0
+  STA PF0
+  STA PF1
+  STA PF2
+  STA GRP0
+  STA CTRLPF            ; REPEAT mode — required by the banner
+  STA VBLANK
+
+  LDX #24
+.tb1:
+  STA WSYNC
+  DEX
+  BNE .tb1
+
+  LDA #$3A              ; word 1 in warm yellow
+  STA COLUPF
+  LDX #0
+.ban1:
+  STA WSYNC
+  TXA
+  LSR
+  LSR
+  TAY
+  LDA R1_PF0L,Y
+  STA PF0
+  LDA R1_PF1L,Y
+  STA PF1
+  LDA R1_PF2L,Y
+  STA PF2
+  LDA R1_PF0R,Y
+  STA PF0
+  LDA R1_PF1R,Y
+  STA PF1
+  NOP
+  NOP
+  LDA R1_PF2R,Y
+  STA PF2
+  INX
+  CPX #28
+  BNE .ban1
+
+  STA WSYNC
+  LDA #0
+  STA PF0
+  STA PF1
+  STA PF2
+  LDX #7
+.tb3:
+  STA WSYNC
+  DEX
+  BNE .tb3
+
+  LDA #$C8              ; word 2 in green
+  STA COLUPF
+  LDX #0
+.ban2:
+  STA WSYNC
+  TXA
+  LSR
+  LSR
+  TAY
+  LDA R2_PF0L,Y
+  STA PF0
+  LDA R2_PF1L,Y
+  STA PF1
+  LDA R2_PF2L,Y
+  STA PF2
+  LDA R2_PF0R,Y
+  STA PF0
+  LDA R2_PF1R,Y
+  STA PF1
+  NOP
+  NOP
+  LDA R2_PF2R,Y
+  STA PF2
+  INX
+  CPX #28
+  BNE .ban2
+
+  STA WSYNC
+  LDA #0
+  STA PF0
+  STA PF1
+  STA PF2
+  LDA #$02
+  STA CTRLPF            ; SCORE mode for the best band
+  LDX #15
+.tb5:
+  STA WSYNC
+  DEX
+  BNE .tb5
+
+  ; ---- best line: 24 lines, the session best (fewest moves) ----
+  LDA #COL_HUD
+  STA COLUPF
+  LDX #0
+.best:
+  STA WSYNC
+  TXA
+  LSR
+  LSR
+  TAY
+  LDA HSBUF,Y
+  STA PF1
+  INX
+  CPX #24
+  BNE .best
+
+  STA WSYNC
+  LDA #0
+  STA PF1
+  ; pad to 192 (24+28+8+28+16+24 = 128 → +64 pad)
+  LDX #64
+.tpad:
+  STA WSYNC
+  DEX
+  BNE .tpad
+
+  JMP kernel_done
+
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+; ── GAME LOGIC (clay — reshape freely) ── data tables ──────────────────
+; ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+; the four VALUE colors, indexed by BOARD[i] (0..3).
+VALCOLS:
+  .byte VAL_COL0, VAL_COL1, VAL_COL2, VAL_COL3
+
+; DIGITS — 6 rows/glyph, 0..9. Each byte's high nibble (bits 4-7) is the lit
+; pattern; SCORE mode streams it through PF1 so a digit is 4 px wide.
+DIGITS:
+  .byte %01100000,%10010000,%10010000,%10010000,%10010000,%01100000 ; 0
+  .byte %00100000,%01100000,%00100000,%00100000,%00100000,%01110000 ; 1
+  .byte %11100000,%00010000,%01100000,%10000000,%10000000,%11110000 ; 2
+  .byte %11100000,%00010000,%01100000,%00010000,%10010000,%01100000 ; 3
+  .byte %10010000,%10010000,%11110000,%00010000,%00010000,%00010000 ; 4
+  .byte %11110000,%10000000,%11100000,%00010000,%10010000,%01100000 ; 5
+  .byte %01100000,%10000000,%11100000,%10010000,%10010000,%01100000 ; 6
+  .byte %11110000,%00010000,%00100000,%01000000,%01000000,%01000000 ; 7
+  .byte %01100000,%10010000,%01100000,%10010000,%10010000,%01100000 ; 8
+  .byte %01100000,%10010000,%10010000,%01110000,%00010000,%01100000 ; 9
+
+; jingles — AUDF1 pitches, $FF terminates. (12 = pure tone waveform.)
+TITLE_TUNE:
+  .byte 20, 16, 12, 16, 20, 24, 20, $FF
+OVER_TUNE:
+  .byte 12, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, $FF
+
+; ── THE TITLE BANNER ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+; 40-px artwork, 7 rows/word, drawn by the asymmetric-playfield kernel.
+; PF bit order is the 2600's prank — three registers, three orders:
+;   PF0: bits 4-7 used, bit4 = LEFTMOST   PF1: bit7 = leftmost (normal)
+;   PF2: bit0 = leftmost.  Tables generated from the ASCII art below.
+;
+; TILE (T-I-L-E, all in the left copy; +6px left pad to centre the word):
+;         #### ###. #... ####
+;         ..#. .#.. #... #...
+;         ..#. .#.. #... #...
+;         ..#. .#.. #... ###.
+;         ..#. .#.. #... #...
+;         ..#. .#.. #... #...
+;         ..#. ###. #### ####
+R1_PF0L:
+  .byte %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000
+R1_PF1L:
+  .byte %00111101, %00001000, %00001000, %00001000, %00001000, %00001000, %00001001
+R1_PF2L:
+  .byte %00010011, %00010001, %00010001, %00010001, %00010001, %00010001, %11110011
+R1_PF0R:
+  .byte %11100000, %00100000, %00100000, %11100000, %00100000, %00100000, %11100000
+R1_PF1R:
+  .byte %10000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %10000000
+R1_PF2R:
+  .byte %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000
+
+; TWINS (T-W-I-N in the left copy, S in the right):
+;     #### #..# ###. #..# .###
+;     ..#. #..# .#.. ##.# #...
+;     ..#. #..# .#.. ##.# #...
+;     ..#. #..# .#.. #.## ###.
+;     ..#. #.## .#.. #.## ...#
+;     ..#. ##.# .#.. #..# ...#
+;     ..#. #..# ###. #..# ###.
+R2_PF0L:
+  .byte %11000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000
+R2_PF1L:
+  .byte %11010010, %10010010, %10010010, %10010010, %10010110, %10011010, %10010010
+R2_PF2L:
+  .byte %00100111, %01100010, %01100010, %10100010, %10100010, %00100010, %00100111
+R2_PF0R:
+  .byte %10010000, %01010000, %01010000, %11010000, %00010000, %00010000, %11010000
+R2_PF1R:
+  .byte %11000000, %00000000, %00000000, %10000000, %01000000, %01000000, %10000000
+R2_PF2R:
+  .byte %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000, %00000000
+
+; ── Vector table ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  org $FFFA
+  .word START
+  .word START
+  .word START