rollup 2.75.4 → 2.75.7

package/dist/es/shared/rollup.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
   @license
-	Rollup.js v2.75.4
-	Tue, 31 May 2022 11:26:29 GMT - commit 0409bf0d8859a43f2d5d40dc23ebf74afadb83f7
+	Rollup.js v2.75.7
+	Mon, 20 Jun 2022 07:24:02 GMT - commit 057171c2d3bc2092b7f543fc05ead01f12595f12
 
 	https://github.com/rollup/rollup
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { createHash as createHash$1 } from 'crypto';
 import { promises } from 'fs';
 import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
 
-var version$1 = "2.75.4";
+var version$1 = "2.75.7";
 
 var charToInteger = {};
 var chars$1 = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=';
@@ -1593,10 +1593,9 @@ class ExpressionEntity {
     constructor() {
         this.included = false;
     }
-    deoptimizeCallParameters() { }
     deoptimizePath(_path) { }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(_event, _path, thisParameter, _recursionTracker) {
-        thisParameter.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath({ thisArg }, _path, _recursionTracker) {
+        thisArg.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
     }
     /**
      * If possible it returns a stringifyable literal value for this node that can be used
@@ -1606,16 +1605,10 @@ class ExpressionEntity {
     getLiteralValueAtPath(_path, _recursionTracker, _origin) {
         return UnknownValue;
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(_path, _callOptions, _recursionTracker, _origin) {
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(_path, _interaction, _recursionTracker, _origin) {
         return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(_path, _context) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(_path, _context) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(_path, _callOptions, _context) {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(_path, _interaction, _context) {
         return true;
     }
     include(_context, _includeChildrenRecursively, _options) {
@@ -1633,6 +1626,30 @@ class ExpressionEntity {
 const UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION = new (class UnknownExpression extends ExpressionEntity {
 })();
 
+const INTERACTION_ACCESSED = 0;
+const INTERACTION_ASSIGNED = 1;
+const INTERACTION_CALLED = 2;
+const NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_ACCESS = {
+    thisArg: null,
+    type: INTERACTION_ACCESSED
+};
+const UNKNOWN_ARG = [UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION];
+const NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_ASSIGNMENT = {
+    args: UNKNOWN_ARG,
+    thisArg: null,
+    type: INTERACTION_ASSIGNED
+};
+const NO_ARGS = [];
+// While this is technically a call without arguments, we can compare against
+// this reference in places where precise values or thisArg would make a
+// difference
+const NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_CALL = {
+    args: NO_ARGS,
+    thisArg: null,
+    type: INTERACTION_CALLED,
+    withNew: false
+};
+
 class Variable extends ExpressionEntity {
     constructor(name) {
         super();
@@ -1657,8 +1674,8 @@ class Variable extends ExpressionEntity {
         const name = this.renderName || this.name;
         return this.renderBaseName ? `${this.renderBaseName}${getPropertyAccess(name)}` : name;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, _context) {
-        return path.length > 0;
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, { type }, _context) {
+        return type !== INTERACTION_ACCESSED || path.length > 0;
     }
     /**
      * Marks this variable as being part of the bundle, which is usually the case when one of
@@ -1689,8 +1706,8 @@ class ExternalVariable extends Variable {
             this.module.suggestName(identifier.name);
         }
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > (this.isNamespace ? 1 : 0);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, { type }) {
+        return type !== INTERACTION_ACCESSED || path.length > (this.isNamespace ? 1 : 0);
     }
     include() {
         if (!this.included) {
@@ -4580,8 +4597,6 @@ function createHasEffectsContext() {
     };
 }
 
-const NO_ARGS = [];
-
 function assembleMemberDescriptions(memberDescriptions, inheritedDescriptions = null) {
     return Object.create(inheritedDescriptions, memberDescriptions);
 }
@@ -4603,12 +4618,12 @@ const UNKNOWN_LITERAL_BOOLEAN = new (class UnknownBoolean extends ExpressionEnti
         }
         return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        if (path.length === 1) {
-            return hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(literalBooleanMembers, path[0], callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_ACCESSED) {
+            return path.length > 1;
+        }
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED && path.length === 1) {
+            return hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(literalBooleanMembers, path[0], interaction, context);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -4626,12 +4641,12 @@ const UNKNOWN_LITERAL_NUMBER = new (class UnknownNumber extends ExpressionEntity
         }
         return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        if (path.length === 1) {
-            return hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(literalNumberMembers, path[0], callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_ACCESSED) {
+            return path.length > 1;
+        }
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED && path.length === 1) {
+            return hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(literalNumberMembers, path[0], interaction, context);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -4649,12 +4664,12 @@ const UNKNOWN_LITERAL_STRING = new (class UnknownString extends ExpressionEntity
         }
         return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        if (path.length === 1) {
-            return hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(literalStringMembers, path[0], callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_ACCESSED) {
+            return path.length > 1;
+        }
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED && path.length === 1) {
+            return hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(literalStringMembers, path[0], interaction, context);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -4667,17 +4682,13 @@ const returnsString = {
 };
 const stringReplace = {
     value: {
-        hasEffectsWhenCalled(callOptions, context) {
-            const arg1 = callOptions.args[1];
-            return (callOptions.args.length < 2 ||
+        hasEffectsWhenCalled({ args }, context) {
+            const arg1 = args[1];
+            return (args.length < 2 ||
                 (typeof arg1.getLiteralValueAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER, {
                     deoptimizeCache() { }
                 }) === 'symbol' &&
-                    arg1.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, {
-                        args: NO_ARGS,
-                        thisParam: null,
-                        withNew: false
-                    }, context)));
+                    arg1.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_CALL, context)));
         },
         returns: UNKNOWN_LITERAL_STRING
     }
@@ -4761,12 +4772,12 @@ function getLiteralMembersForValue(value) {
     }
     return Object.create(null);
 }
-function hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(members, memberName, callOptions, context) {
+function hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(members, memberName, interaction, context) {
     var _a, _b;
     if (typeof memberName !== 'string' || !members[memberName]) {
         return true;
     }
-    return ((_b = (_a = members[memberName]).hasEffectsWhenCalled) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.call(_a, callOptions, context)) || false;
+    return ((_b = (_a = members[memberName]).hasEffectsWhenCalled) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.call(_a, interaction, context)) || false;
 }
 function getMemberReturnExpressionWhenCalled(members, memberName) {
     if (typeof memberName !== 'string' || !members[memberName])
@@ -5205,10 +5216,12 @@ const INCLUDE_PARAMETERS = 'variables';
 class NodeBase extends ExpressionEntity {
     constructor(esTreeNode, parent, parentScope) {
         super();
-        // Nodes can apply custom deoptimizations once they become part of the
-        // executed code. To do this, they must initialize this as false, implement
-        // applyDeoptimizations and call this from include and hasEffects if they
-        // have custom handlers
+        /**
+         * Nodes can apply custom deoptimizations once they become part of the
+         * executed code. To do this, they must initialize this as false, implement
+         * applyDeoptimizations and call this from include and hasEffects if they have
+         * custom handlers
+         */
         this.deoptimized = false;
         this.esTreeNode = esTreeNode;
         this.keys = keys[esTreeNode.type] || getAndCreateKeys(esTreeNode);
@@ -5264,6 +5277,10 @@ class NodeBase extends ExpressionEntity {
         }
         return false;
     }
+    hasEffectsAsAssignmentTarget(context, _checkAccess) {
+        return (this.hasEffects(context) ||
+            this.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.assignmentInteraction, context));
+    }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, _options) {
         if (!this.deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
@@ -5282,6 +5299,9 @@ class NodeBase extends ExpressionEntity {
             }
         }
     }
+    includeAsAssignmentTarget(context, includeChildrenRecursively, _deoptimizeAccess) {
+        this.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+    }
     /**
      * Override to perform special initialisation steps after the scope is initialised
      */
@@ -5336,6 +5356,9 @@ class NodeBase extends ExpressionEntity {
             }
         }
     }
+    setAssignedValue(value) {
+        this.assignmentInteraction = { args: [value], thisArg: null, type: INTERACTION_ASSIGNED };
+    }
     shouldBeIncluded(context) {
         return this.included || (!context.brokenFlow && this.hasEffects(createHasEffectsContext()));
     }
@@ -5364,9 +5387,9 @@ class NodeBase extends ExpressionEntity {
 }
 
 class SpreadElement extends NodeBase {
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
         if (path.length > 0) {
-            this.argument.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, [UnknownKey, ...path], thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+            this.argument.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, [UnknownKey, ...path], recursionTracker);
         }
     }
     hasEffects(context) {
@@ -5377,7 +5400,7 @@ class SpreadElement extends NodeBase {
         return (this.argument.hasEffects(context) ||
             (propertyReadSideEffects &&
                 (propertyReadSideEffects === 'always' ||
-                    this.argument.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(UNKNOWN_PATH, context))));
+                    this.argument.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(UNKNOWN_PATH, NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_ACCESS, context))));
     }
     applyDeoptimizations() {
         this.deoptimized = true;
@@ -5388,53 +5411,43 @@ class SpreadElement extends NodeBase {
     }
 }
 
-const EVENT_ACCESSED = 0;
-const EVENT_ASSIGNED = 1;
-const EVENT_CALLED = 2;
-
 class Method extends ExpressionEntity {
     constructor(description) {
         super();
         this.description = description;
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter) {
-        if (event === EVENT_CALLED && path.length === 0 && this.description.mutatesSelfAsArray) {
-            thisParameter.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_INTEGER_PATH);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath({ type, thisArg }, path) {
+        if (type === INTERACTION_CALLED && path.length === 0 && this.description.mutatesSelfAsArray) {
+            thisArg.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_INTEGER_PATH);
         }
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions) {
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, { thisArg }) {
         if (path.length > 0) {
             return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
         }
         return (this.description.returnsPrimitive ||
             (this.description.returns === 'self'
-                ? callOptions.thisParam || UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION
+                ? thisArg || UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION
                 : this.description.returns()));
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 0;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
         var _a, _b;
-        if (path.length > 0 ||
-            (this.description.mutatesSelfAsArray === true &&
-                ((_a = callOptions.thisParam) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(UNKNOWN_INTEGER_PATH, context)))) {
+        const { type } = interaction;
+        if (path.length > (type === INTERACTION_ACCESSED ? 1 : 0)) {
             return true;
         }
-        if (!this.description.callsArgs) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        for (const argIndex of this.description.callsArgs) {
-            if ((_b = callOptions.args[argIndex]) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, {
-                args: NO_ARGS,
-                thisParam: null,
-                withNew: false
-            }, context)) {
+        if (type === INTERACTION_CALLED) {
+            if (this.description.mutatesSelfAsArray === true &&
+                ((_a = interaction.thisArg) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(UNKNOWN_INTEGER_PATH, NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_ASSIGNMENT, context))) {
                 return true;
             }
+            if (this.description.callsArgs) {
+                for (const argIndex of this.description.callsArgs) {
+                    if ((_b = interaction.args[argIndex]) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_CALL, context)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
         return false;
     }
@@ -5576,24 +5589,24 @@ class ObjectEntity extends ExpressionEntity {
         }
         (_a = this.prototypeExpression) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizePath(path.length === 1 ? [...path, UnknownKey] : path);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
         var _a;
         const [key, ...subPath] = path;
         if (this.hasLostTrack ||
             // single paths that are deoptimized will not become getters or setters
-            ((event === EVENT_CALLED || path.length > 1) &&
+            ((interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED || path.length > 1) &&
                 (this.hasUnknownDeoptimizedProperty ||
                     (typeof key === 'string' && this.deoptimizedPaths[key])))) {
-            thisParameter.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
+            interaction.thisArg.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
             return;
         }
-        const [propertiesForExactMatchByKey, relevantPropertiesByKey, relevantUnmatchableProperties] = event === EVENT_CALLED || path.length > 1
+        const [propertiesForExactMatchByKey, relevantPropertiesByKey, relevantUnmatchableProperties] = interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED || path.length > 1
             ? [
                 this.propertiesAndGettersByKey,
                 this.propertiesAndGettersByKey,
                 this.unmatchablePropertiesAndGetters
             ]
-            : event === EVENT_ACCESSED
+            : interaction.type === INTERACTION_ACCESSED
                 ? [this.propertiesAndGettersByKey, this.gettersByKey, this.unmatchableGetters]
                 : [this.propertiesAndSettersByKey, this.settersByKey, this.unmatchableSetters];
         if (typeof key === 'string') {
@@ -5601,20 +5614,20 @@ class ObjectEntity extends ExpressionEntity {
                 const properties = relevantPropertiesByKey[key];
                 if (properties) {
                     for (const property of properties) {
-                        property.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, subPath, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+                        property.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, subPath, recursionTracker);
                     }
                 }
                 if (!this.immutable) {
-                    this.thisParametersToBeDeoptimized.add(thisParameter);
+                    this.thisParametersToBeDeoptimized.add(interaction.thisArg);
                 }
                 return;
             }
             for (const property of relevantUnmatchableProperties) {
-                property.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, subPath, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+                property.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, subPath, recursionTracker);
             }
             if (INTEGER_REG_EXP.test(key)) {
                 for (const property of this.unknownIntegerProps) {
-                    property.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, subPath, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+                    property.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, subPath, recursionTracker);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -5623,17 +5636,17 @@ class ObjectEntity extends ExpressionEntity {
                 relevantUnmatchableProperties
             ])) {
                 for (const property of properties) {
-                    property.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, subPath, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+                    property.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, subPath, recursionTracker);
                 }
             }
             for (const property of this.unknownIntegerProps) {
-                property.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, subPath, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+                property.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, subPath, recursionTracker);
             }
         }
         if (!this.immutable) {
-            this.thisParametersToBeDeoptimized.add(thisParameter);
+            this.thisParametersToBeDeoptimized.add(interaction.thisArg);
         }
-        (_a = this.prototypeExpression) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+        (_a = this.prototypeExpression) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         if (path.length === 0) {
@@ -5652,79 +5665,29 @@ class ObjectEntity extends ExpressionEntity {
         }
         return UnknownValue;
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
         if (path.length === 0) {
             return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
         }
-        const key = path[0];
+        const [key, ...subPath] = path;
         const expressionAtPath = this.getMemberExpressionAndTrackDeopt(key, origin);
         if (expressionAtPath) {
-            return expressionAtPath.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path.slice(1), callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+            return expressionAtPath.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(subPath, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
         }
         if (this.prototypeExpression) {
-            return this.prototypeExpression.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+            return this.prototypeExpression.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
         }
         return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        const [key, ...subPath] = path;
-        if (path.length > 1) {
-            if (typeof key !== 'string') {
-                return true;
-            }
-            const expressionAtPath = this.getMemberExpression(key);
-            if (expressionAtPath) {
-                return expressionAtPath.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(subPath, context);
-            }
-            if (this.prototypeExpression) {
-                return this.prototypeExpression.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (this.hasLostTrack)
-            return true;
-        if (typeof key === 'string') {
-            if (this.propertiesAndGettersByKey[key]) {
-                const getters = this.gettersByKey[key];
-                if (getters) {
-                    for (const getter of getters) {
-                        if (getter.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(subPath, context))
-                            return true;
-                    }
-                }
-                return false;
-            }
-            for (const getter of this.unmatchableGetters) {
-                if (getter.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(subPath, context)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            for (const getters of Object.values(this.gettersByKey).concat([this.unmatchableGetters])) {
-                for (const getter of getters) {
-                    if (getter.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(subPath, context))
-                        return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (this.prototypeExpression) {
-            return this.prototypeExpression.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
         const [key, ...subPath] = path;
-        if (path.length > 1) {
-            if (typeof key !== 'string') {
-                return true;
-            }
+        if (subPath.length || interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED) {
             const expressionAtPath = this.getMemberExpression(key);
             if (expressionAtPath) {
-                return expressionAtPath.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(subPath, context);
+                return expressionAtPath.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(subPath, interaction, context);
             }
             if (this.prototypeExpression) {
-                return this.prototypeExpression.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
+                return this.prototypeExpression.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
             }
             return true;
         }
@@ -5732,47 +5695,39 @@ class ObjectEntity extends ExpressionEntity {
             return false;
         if (this.hasLostTrack)
             return true;
+        const [propertiesAndAccessorsByKey, accessorsByKey, unmatchableAccessors] = interaction.type === INTERACTION_ACCESSED
+            ? [this.propertiesAndGettersByKey, this.gettersByKey, this.unmatchableGetters]
+            : [this.propertiesAndSettersByKey, this.settersByKey, this.unmatchableSetters];
         if (typeof key === 'string') {
-            if (this.propertiesAndSettersByKey[key]) {
-                const setters = this.settersByKey[key];
-                if (setters) {
-                    for (const setter of setters) {
-                        if (setter.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(subPath, context))
+            if (propertiesAndAccessorsByKey[key]) {
+                const accessors = accessorsByKey[key];
+                if (accessors) {
+                    for (const accessor of accessors) {
+                        if (accessor.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(subPath, interaction, context))
                             return true;
                     }
                 }
                 return false;
             }
-            for (const property of this.unmatchableSetters) {
-                if (property.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(subPath, context)) {
+            for (const accessor of unmatchableAccessors) {
+                if (accessor.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(subPath, interaction, context)) {
                     return true;
                 }
             }
         }
         else {
-            for (const setters of Object.values(this.settersByKey).concat([this.unmatchableSetters])) {
-                for (const setter of setters) {
-                    if (setter.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(subPath, context))
+            for (const accessors of Object.values(accessorsByKey).concat([unmatchableAccessors])) {
+                for (const accessor of accessors) {
+                    if (accessor.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(subPath, interaction, context))
                         return true;
                 }
             }
         }
         if (this.prototypeExpression) {
-            return this.prototypeExpression.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
+            return this.prototypeExpression.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
         }
         return false;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        const key = path[0];
-        const expressionAtPath = this.getMemberExpression(key);
-        if (expressionAtPath) {
-            return expressionAtPath.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path.slice(1), callOptions, context);
-        }
-        if (this.prototypeExpression) {
-            return this.prototypeExpression.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
     buildPropertyMaps(properties) {
         const { allProperties, propertiesAndGettersByKey, propertiesAndSettersByKey, settersByKey, gettersByKey, unknownIntegerProps, unmatchablePropertiesAndGetters, unmatchableGetters, unmatchableSetters } = this;
         const unmatchablePropertiesAndSetters = [];
@@ -5878,9 +5833,9 @@ const isInteger = (prop) => typeof prop === 'string' && /^\d+$/.test(prop);
 // properties as we do not expect new builtin properties to be numbers, this
 // will improve tree-shaking for out-of-bounds array properties
 const OBJECT_PROTOTYPE_FALLBACK = new (class ObjectPrototypeFallbackExpression extends ExpressionEntity {
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter) {
-        if (event === EVENT_CALLED && path.length === 1 && !isInteger(path[0])) {
-            thisParameter.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath({ type, thisArg }, path) {
+        if (type === INTERACTION_CALLED && path.length === 1 && !isInteger(path[0])) {
+            thisArg.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
         }
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path) {
@@ -5889,11 +5844,8 @@ const OBJECT_PROTOTYPE_FALLBACK = new (class ObjectPrototypeFallbackExpression e
         // "undefined"
         return path.length === 1 && isInteger(path[0]) ? undefined : UnknownValue;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, { type }) {
+        return path.length > 1 || type === INTERACTION_CALLED;
     }
 })();
 const OBJECT_PROTOTYPE = new ObjectEntity({
@@ -6015,8 +5967,8 @@ const ARRAY_PROTOTYPE = new ObjectEntity({
     flat: METHOD_DEOPTS_SELF_RETURNS_NEW_ARRAY,
     flatMap: METHOD_CALLS_ARG_DEOPTS_SELF_RETURNS_NEW_ARRAY,
     forEach: METHOD_CALLS_ARG_DEOPTS_SELF_RETURNS_UNKNOWN,
-    groupBy: METHOD_CALLS_ARG_DEOPTS_SELF_RETURNS_UNKNOWN,
-    groupByToMap: METHOD_CALLS_ARG_DEOPTS_SELF_RETURNS_UNKNOWN,
+    group: METHOD_CALLS_ARG_DEOPTS_SELF_RETURNS_UNKNOWN,
+    groupToMap: METHOD_CALLS_ARG_DEOPTS_SELF_RETURNS_UNKNOWN,
     includes: METHOD_RETURNS_BOOLEAN,
     indexOf: METHOD_RETURNS_NUMBER,
     join: METHOD_RETURNS_STRING,
@@ -6047,23 +5999,17 @@ class ArrayExpression extends NodeBase {
     deoptimizePath(path) {
         this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizePath(path);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         return this.getObjectEntity().getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return this.getObjectEntity().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
     }
     applyDeoptimizations() {
         this.deoptimized = true;
@@ -6073,13 +6019,8 @@ class ArrayExpression extends NodeBase {
             if (element) {
                 if (hasSpread || element instanceof SpreadElement) {
                     hasSpread = true;
-                    // This also deoptimizes parameter defaults
                     element.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
                 }
-                else {
-                    // We do not track parameter defaults in arrays
-                    element.deoptimizeCallParameters();
-                }
             }
         }
         this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
@@ -6133,9 +6074,9 @@ class ArrayPattern extends NodeBase {
         }
     }
     // Patterns are only checked at the emtpy path at the moment
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(_path, context) {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(_path, interaction, context) {
         for (const element of this.elements) {
-            if (element === null || element === void 0 ? void 0 : element.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, context))
+            if (element === null || element === void 0 ? void 0 : element.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, interaction, context))
                 return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -6173,10 +6114,6 @@ class LocalVariable extends Variable {
             this.additionalInitializers = null;
         }
     }
-    deoptimizeCallParameters() {
-        var _a;
-        (_a = this.init) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizeCallParameters();
-    }
     deoptimizePath(path) {
         var _a, _b;
         if (this.isReassigned ||
@@ -6198,11 +6135,11 @@ class LocalVariable extends Variable {
             (_b = this.init) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.deoptimizePath(path);
         }
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
         if (this.isReassigned || !this.init) {
-            return thisParameter.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
+            return interaction.thisArg.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
         }
-        recursionTracker.withTrackedEntityAtPath(path, this.init, () => this.init.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker), undefined);
+        recursionTracker.withTrackedEntityAtPath(path, this.init, () => this.init.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker), undefined);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         if (this.isReassigned || !this.init) {
@@ -6213,39 +6150,40 @@ class LocalVariable extends Variable {
             return this.init.getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
         }, UnknownValue);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
         if (this.isReassigned || !this.init) {
             return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
         }
         return recursionTracker.withTrackedEntityAtPath(path, this.init, () => {
             this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized.push(origin);
-            return this.init.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+            return this.init.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
         }, UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        if (this.isReassigned)
-            return true;
-        return (this.init &&
-            !context.accessed.trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, this) &&
-            this.init.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context));
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        if (this.included)
-            return true;
-        if (path.length === 0)
-            return false;
-        if (this.isReassigned)
-            return true;
-        return (this.init &&
-            !context.assigned.trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, this) &&
-            this.init.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context));
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        if (this.isReassigned)
-            return true;
-        return (this.init &&
-            !(callOptions.withNew ? context.instantiated : context.called).trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, callOptions, this) &&
-            this.init.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context));
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        switch (interaction.type) {
+            case INTERACTION_ACCESSED:
+                if (this.isReassigned)
+                    return true;
+                return (this.init &&
+                    !context.accessed.trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, this) &&
+                    this.init.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context));
+            case INTERACTION_ASSIGNED:
+                if (this.included)
+                    return true;
+                if (path.length === 0)
+                    return false;
+                if (this.isReassigned)
+                    return true;
+                return (this.init &&
+                    !context.assigned.trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, this) &&
+                    this.init.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context));
+            case INTERACTION_CALLED:
+                if (this.isReassigned)
+                    return true;
+                return (this.init &&
+                    !(interaction.withNew ? context.instantiated : context.called).trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, interaction.args, this) &&
+                    this.init.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context));
+        }
     }
     include() {
         if (!this.included) {
@@ -6522,641 +6460,87 @@ class ReturnValueScope extends ParameterScope {
     }
 }
 
-class AssignmentPattern extends NodeBase {
-    addExportedVariables(variables, exportNamesByVariable) {
-        this.left.addExportedVariables(variables, exportNamesByVariable);
-    }
-    declare(kind, init) {
-        return this.left.declare(kind, init);
-    }
-    deoptimizePath(path) {
-        path.length === 0 && this.left.deoptimizePath(path);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return path.length > 0 || this.left.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, context);
-    }
-    // Note that FunctionBase may directly include .left and .right without
-    // including the pattern itself. This is how default parameter tree-shaking
-    // works at the moment.
-    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
-        this.included = true;
-        this.left.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
-        this.right.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
-    }
-    markDeclarationReached() {
-        this.left.markDeclarationReached();
-    }
-    render(code, options, { isShorthandProperty } = BLANK) {
-        this.left.render(code, options, { isShorthandProperty });
-        if (this.right.included) {
-            this.right.render(code, options);
-        }
-        else {
-            code.remove(this.left.end, this.end);
-        }
-    }
-    applyDeoptimizations() {
-        this.deoptimized = true;
-        this.left.deoptimizePath(EMPTY_PATH);
-        this.right.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
-        this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
-    }
-}
+//@ts-check
+/** @typedef { import('estree').Node} Node */
+/** @typedef {Node | {
+ *   type: 'PropertyDefinition';
+ *   computed: boolean;
+ *   value: Node
+ * }} NodeWithPropertyDefinition */
 
-function treeshakeNode(node, code, start, end) {
-    code.remove(start, end);
-    if (node.annotations) {
-        for (const annotation of node.annotations) {
-            if (annotation.start < start) {
-                code.remove(annotation.start, annotation.end);
-            }
-            else {
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {NodeWithPropertyDefinition} node
+ * @param {NodeWithPropertyDefinition} parent
+ * @returns boolean
+ */
+function is_reference (node, parent) {
+	if (node.type === 'MemberExpression') {
+		return !node.computed && is_reference(node.object, node);
+	}
+
+	if (node.type === 'Identifier') {
+		if (!parent) return true;
+
+		switch (parent.type) {
+			// disregard `bar` in `foo.bar`
+			case 'MemberExpression': return parent.computed || node === parent.object;
+
+			// disregard the `foo` in `class {foo(){}}` but keep it in `class {[foo](){}}`
+			case 'MethodDefinition': return parent.computed;
+
+			// disregard the `foo` in `class {foo=bar}` but keep it in `class {[foo]=bar}` and `class {bar=foo}`
+			case 'PropertyDefinition': return parent.computed || node === parent.value;
+
+			// disregard the `bar` in `{ bar: foo }`, but keep it in `{ [bar]: foo }`
+			case 'Property': return parent.computed || node === parent.value;
+
+			// disregard the `bar` in `export { foo as bar }` or
+			// the foo in `import { foo as bar }`
+			case 'ExportSpecifier':
+			case 'ImportSpecifier': return node === parent.local;
+
+			// disregard the `foo` in `foo: while (...) { ... break foo; ... continue foo;}`
+			case 'LabeledStatement':
+			case 'BreakStatement':
+			case 'ContinueStatement': return false;
+			default: return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false;
 }
-function removeAnnotations(node, code) {
-    if (!node.annotations && node.parent.type === ExpressionStatement$1) {
-        node = node.parent;
+
+/* eslint sort-keys: "off" */
+const ValueProperties = Symbol('Value Properties');
+const PURE = {
+    hasEffectsWhenCalled() {
+        return false;
     }
-    if (node.annotations) {
-        for (const annotation of node.annotations) {
-            code.remove(annotation.start, annotation.end);
-        }
+};
+const IMPURE = {
+    hasEffectsWhenCalled() {
+        return true;
     }
-}
-
-const NO_SEMICOLON = { isNoStatement: true };
-// This assumes there are only white-space and comments between start and the string we are looking for
-function findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code, searchString, start = 0) {
-    let searchPos, charCodeAfterSlash;
-    searchPos = code.indexOf(searchString, start);
-    while (true) {
-        start = code.indexOf('/', start);
-        if (start === -1 || start >= searchPos)
-            return searchPos;
-        charCodeAfterSlash = code.charCodeAt(++start);
-        ++start;
-        // With our assumption, '/' always starts a comment. Determine comment type:
-        start =
-            charCodeAfterSlash === 47 /*"/"*/
-                ? code.indexOf('\n', start) + 1
-                : code.indexOf('*/', start) + 2;
-        if (start > searchPos) {
-            searchPos = code.indexOf(searchString, start);
-        }
-    }
-}
-const NON_WHITESPACE = /\S/g;
-function findNonWhiteSpace(code, index) {
-    NON_WHITESPACE.lastIndex = index;
-    const result = NON_WHITESPACE.exec(code);
-    return result.index;
-}
-// This assumes "code" only contains white-space and comments
-// Returns position of line-comment if applicable
-function findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code) {
-    let lineBreakPos, charCodeAfterSlash, start = 0;
-    lineBreakPos = code.indexOf('\n', start);
-    while (true) {
-        start = code.indexOf('/', start);
-        if (start === -1 || start > lineBreakPos)
-            return [lineBreakPos, lineBreakPos + 1];
-        // With our assumption, '/' always starts a comment. Determine comment type:
-        charCodeAfterSlash = code.charCodeAt(start + 1);
-        if (charCodeAfterSlash === 47 /*"/"*/)
-            return [start, lineBreakPos + 1];
-        start = code.indexOf('*/', start + 3) + 2;
-        if (start > lineBreakPos) {
-            lineBreakPos = code.indexOf('\n', start);
-        }
-    }
-}
-function renderStatementList(statements, code, start, end, options) {
-    let currentNode, currentNodeStart, currentNodeNeedsBoundaries, nextNodeStart;
-    let nextNode = statements[0];
-    let nextNodeNeedsBoundaries = !nextNode.included || nextNode.needsBoundaries;
-    if (nextNodeNeedsBoundaries) {
-        nextNodeStart =
-            start + findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code.original.slice(start, nextNode.start))[1];
-    }
-    for (let nextIndex = 1; nextIndex <= statements.length; nextIndex++) {
-        currentNode = nextNode;
-        currentNodeStart = nextNodeStart;
-        currentNodeNeedsBoundaries = nextNodeNeedsBoundaries;
-        nextNode = statements[nextIndex];
-        nextNodeNeedsBoundaries =
-            nextNode === undefined ? false : !nextNode.included || nextNode.needsBoundaries;
-        if (currentNodeNeedsBoundaries || nextNodeNeedsBoundaries) {
-            nextNodeStart =
-                currentNode.end +
-                    findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code.original.slice(currentNode.end, nextNode === undefined ? end : nextNode.start))[1];
-            if (currentNode.included) {
-                currentNodeNeedsBoundaries
-                    ? currentNode.render(code, options, {
-                        end: nextNodeStart,
-                        start: currentNodeStart
-                    })
-                    : currentNode.render(code, options);
-            }
-            else {
-                treeshakeNode(currentNode, code, currentNodeStart, nextNodeStart);
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            currentNode.render(code, options);
-        }
-    }
-}
-// This assumes that the first character is not part of the first node
-function getCommaSeparatedNodesWithBoundaries(nodes, code, start, end) {
-    const splitUpNodes = [];
-    let node, nextNode, nextNodeStart, contentEnd, char;
-    let separator = start - 1;
-    for (let nextIndex = 0; nextIndex < nodes.length; nextIndex++) {
-        nextNode = nodes[nextIndex];
-        if (node !== undefined) {
-            separator =
-                node.end +
-                    findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code.original.slice(node.end, nextNode.start), ',');
-        }
-        nextNodeStart = contentEnd =
-            separator +
-                1 +
-                findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code.original.slice(separator + 1, nextNode.start))[1];
-        while (((char = code.original.charCodeAt(nextNodeStart)),
-            char === 32 /*" "*/ || char === 9 /*"\t"*/ || char === 10 /*"\n"*/ || char === 13) /*"\r"*/)
-            nextNodeStart++;
-        if (node !== undefined) {
-            splitUpNodes.push({
-                contentEnd,
-                end: nextNodeStart,
-                node,
-                separator,
-                start
-            });
-        }
-        node = nextNode;
-        start = nextNodeStart;
-    }
-    splitUpNodes.push({
-        contentEnd: end,
-        end,
-        node: node,
-        separator: null,
-        start
-    });
-    return splitUpNodes;
-}
-// This assumes there are only white-space and comments between start and end
-function removeLineBreaks(code, start, end) {
-    while (true) {
-        const [removeStart, removeEnd] = findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code.original.slice(start, end));
-        if (removeStart === -1) {
-            break;
-        }
-        code.remove(start + removeStart, (start += removeEnd));
-    }
-}
-
-class BlockScope extends ChildScope {
-    addDeclaration(identifier, context, init, isHoisted) {
-        if (isHoisted) {
-            const variable = this.parent.addDeclaration(identifier, context, init, isHoisted);
-            // Necessary to make sure the init is deoptimized for conditional declarations.
-            // We cannot call deoptimizePath here.
-            variable.markInitializersForDeoptimization();
-            return variable;
-        }
-        else {
-            return super.addDeclaration(identifier, context, init, false);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-class ExpressionStatement extends NodeBase {
-    initialise() {
-        if (this.directive &&
-            this.directive !== 'use strict' &&
-            this.parent.type === Program$1) {
-            this.context.warn(
-            // This is necessary, because either way (deleting or not) can lead to errors.
-            {
-                code: 'MODULE_LEVEL_DIRECTIVE',
-                message: `Module level directives cause errors when bundled, '${this.directive}' was ignored.`
-            }, this.start);
-        }
-    }
-    render(code, options) {
-        super.render(code, options);
-        if (this.included)
-            this.insertSemicolon(code);
-    }
-    shouldBeIncluded(context) {
-        if (this.directive && this.directive !== 'use strict')
-            return this.parent.type !== Program$1;
-        return super.shouldBeIncluded(context);
-    }
-    applyDeoptimizations() { }
-}
-
-class BlockStatement extends NodeBase {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this.directlyIncluded = false;
-    }
-    addImplicitReturnExpressionToScope() {
-        const lastStatement = this.body[this.body.length - 1];
-        if (!lastStatement || lastStatement.type !== ReturnStatement$1) {
-            this.scope.addReturnExpression(UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
-        }
-    }
-    createScope(parentScope) {
-        this.scope = this.parent.preventChildBlockScope
-            ? parentScope
-            : new BlockScope(parentScope);
-    }
-    hasEffects(context) {
-        if (this.deoptimizeBody)
-            return true;
-        for (const node of this.body) {
-            if (context.brokenFlow)
-                break;
-            if (node.hasEffects(context))
-                return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
-        if (!(this.deoptimizeBody && this.directlyIncluded)) {
-            this.included = true;
-            this.directlyIncluded = true;
-            if (this.deoptimizeBody)
-                includeChildrenRecursively = true;
-            for (const node of this.body) {
-                if (includeChildrenRecursively || node.shouldBeIncluded(context))
-                    node.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    initialise() {
-        const firstBodyStatement = this.body[0];
-        this.deoptimizeBody =
-            firstBodyStatement instanceof ExpressionStatement &&
-                firstBodyStatement.directive === 'use asm';
-    }
-    render(code, options) {
-        if (this.body.length) {
-            renderStatementList(this.body, code, this.start + 1, this.end - 1, options);
-        }
-        else {
-            super.render(code, options);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-class RestElement extends NodeBase {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this.declarationInit = null;
-    }
-    addExportedVariables(variables, exportNamesByVariable) {
-        this.argument.addExportedVariables(variables, exportNamesByVariable);
-    }
-    declare(kind, init) {
-        this.declarationInit = init;
-        return this.argument.declare(kind, UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
-    }
-    deoptimizePath(path) {
-        path.length === 0 && this.argument.deoptimizePath(EMPTY_PATH);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return path.length > 0 || this.argument.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, context);
-    }
-    markDeclarationReached() {
-        this.argument.markDeclarationReached();
-    }
-    applyDeoptimizations() {
-        this.deoptimized = true;
-        if (this.declarationInit !== null) {
-            this.declarationInit.deoptimizePath([UnknownKey, UnknownKey]);
-            this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-class FunctionBase extends NodeBase {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this.objectEntity = null;
-        this.deoptimizedReturn = false;
-        this.forceIncludeParameters = false;
-    }
-    deoptimizeCache() {
-        this.forceIncludeParameters = true;
-    }
-    deoptimizeCallParameters() {
-        this.forceIncludeParameters = true;
-    }
-    deoptimizePath(path) {
-        this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizePath(path);
-        if (path.length === 1 && path[0] === UnknownKey) {
-            // A reassignment of UNKNOWN_PATH is considered equivalent to having lost track
-            // which means the return expression needs to be reassigned
-            this.forceIncludeParameters = true;
-            this.scope.getReturnExpression().deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
-        }
-    }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        if (path.length > 0) {
-            this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
-        }
-    }
-    getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
-    }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        if (path.length > 0) {
-            return this.getObjectEntity().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
-        }
-        if (this.async) {
-            if (!this.deoptimizedReturn) {
-                this.deoptimizedReturn = true;
-                this.scope.getReturnExpression().deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
-                this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
-            }
-            return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
-        }
-        return this.scope.getReturnExpression();
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        var _a;
-        if (path.length > 0) {
-            return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
-        }
-        if (this.async) {
-            const { propertyReadSideEffects } = this.context.options
-                .treeshake;
-            const returnExpression = this.scope.getReturnExpression();
-            if (returnExpression.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(['then'], { args: NO_ARGS, thisParam: null, withNew: false }, context) ||
-                (propertyReadSideEffects &&
-                    (propertyReadSideEffects === 'always' ||
-                        returnExpression.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(['then'], context)))) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        for (let position = 0; position < this.params.length; position++) {
-            const parameter = this.params[position];
-            if (parameter instanceof AssignmentPattern) {
-                if (parameter.left.hasEffects(context)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                const argumentValue = (_a = callOptions.args[position]) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.getLiteralValueAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER, this);
-                if ((argumentValue === undefined || argumentValue === UnknownValue) &&
-                    parameter.right.hasEffects(context)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (parameter.hasEffects(context)) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, { includeWithoutParameterDefaults } = BLANK) {
-        if (!this.deoptimized)
-            this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        this.included = true;
-        const { brokenFlow } = context;
-        context.brokenFlow = BROKEN_FLOW_NONE;
-        this.body.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
-        context.brokenFlow = brokenFlow;
-        if (!includeWithoutParameterDefaults ||
-            includeChildrenRecursively ||
-            this.forceIncludeParameters) {
-            for (const param of this.params) {
-                param.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    includeCallArguments(context, args) {
-        var _a;
-        for (let position = 0; position < this.params.length; position++) {
-            const parameter = this.params[position];
-            if (parameter instanceof AssignmentPattern) {
-                if (parameter.left.shouldBeIncluded(context)) {
-                    parameter.left.include(context, false);
-                }
-                const argumentValue = (_a = args[position]) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.getLiteralValueAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER, this);
-                // If argumentValue === UnknownTruthyValue, then we do not need to
-                // include the default
-                if ((argumentValue === undefined || argumentValue === UnknownValue) &&
-                    (this.parameterVariables[position].some(variable => variable.included) ||
-                        parameter.right.shouldBeIncluded(context))) {
-                    parameter.right.include(context, false);
-                }
-            }
-            else if (parameter.shouldBeIncluded(context)) {
-                parameter.include(context, false);
-            }
-        }
-        this.scope.includeCallArguments(context, args);
-    }
-    initialise() {
-        this.parameterVariables = this.params.map(param => param.declare('parameter', UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION));
-        this.scope.addParameterVariables(this.parameterVariables, this.params[this.params.length - 1] instanceof RestElement);
-        if (this.body instanceof BlockStatement) {
-            this.body.addImplicitReturnExpressionToScope();
-        }
-        else {
-            this.scope.addReturnExpression(this.body);
-        }
-    }
-    parseNode(esTreeNode) {
-        if (esTreeNode.body.type === BlockStatement$1) {
-            this.body = new BlockStatement(esTreeNode.body, this, this.scope.hoistedBodyVarScope);
-        }
-        super.parseNode(esTreeNode);
-    }
-    applyDeoptimizations() {
-        // We currently do not track deoptimizations of default values, deoptimize them
-        // just as we deoptimize call arguments
-        for (const param of this.params) {
-            if (param instanceof AssignmentPattern) {
-                param.right.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-FunctionBase.prototype.preventChildBlockScope = true;
-
-class ArrowFunctionExpression extends FunctionBase {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this.objectEntity = null;
-    }
-    createScope(parentScope) {
-        this.scope = new ReturnValueScope(parentScope, this.context);
-    }
-    hasEffects() {
-        if (!this.deoptimized)
-            this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        return false;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        if (super.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context))
-            return true;
-        const { ignore, brokenFlow } = context;
-        context.ignore = {
-            breaks: false,
-            continues: false,
-            labels: new Set(),
-            returnYield: true
-        };
-        if (this.body.hasEffects(context))
-            return true;
-        context.ignore = ignore;
-        context.brokenFlow = brokenFlow;
-        return false;
-    }
-    getObjectEntity() {
-        if (this.objectEntity !== null) {
-            return this.objectEntity;
-        }
-        return (this.objectEntity = new ObjectEntity([], OBJECT_PROTOTYPE));
-    }
-}
-
-function getSystemExportStatement(exportedVariables, { exportNamesByVariable, snippets: { _, getObject, getPropertyAccess } }, modifier = '') {
-    if (exportedVariables.length === 1 &&
-        exportNamesByVariable.get(exportedVariables[0]).length === 1) {
-        const variable = exportedVariables[0];
-        return `exports('${exportNamesByVariable.get(variable)}',${_}${variable.getName(getPropertyAccess)}${modifier})`;
-    }
-    else {
-        const fields = [];
-        for (const variable of exportedVariables) {
-            for (const exportName of exportNamesByVariable.get(variable)) {
-                fields.push([exportName, variable.getName(getPropertyAccess) + modifier]);
-            }
-        }
-        return `exports(${getObject(fields, { lineBreakIndent: null })})`;
-    }
-}
-function renderSystemExportExpression(exportedVariable, expressionStart, expressionEnd, code, { exportNamesByVariable, snippets: { _ } }) {
-    code.prependRight(expressionStart, `exports('${exportNamesByVariable.get(exportedVariable)}',${_}`);
-    code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, ')');
-}
-function renderSystemExportFunction(exportedVariables, expressionStart, expressionEnd, needsParens, code, options) {
-    const { _, getDirectReturnIifeLeft } = options.snippets;
-    code.prependRight(expressionStart, getDirectReturnIifeLeft(['v'], `${getSystemExportStatement(exportedVariables, options)},${_}v`, { needsArrowReturnParens: true, needsWrappedFunction: needsParens }));
-    code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, ')');
-}
-function renderSystemExportSequenceAfterExpression(exportedVariable, expressionStart, expressionEnd, needsParens, code, options) {
-    const { _, getPropertyAccess } = options.snippets;
-    code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, `,${_}${getSystemExportStatement([exportedVariable], options)},${_}${exportedVariable.getName(getPropertyAccess)}`);
-    if (needsParens) {
-        code.prependRight(expressionStart, '(');
-        code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, ')');
-    }
-}
-function renderSystemExportSequenceBeforeExpression(exportedVariable, expressionStart, expressionEnd, needsParens, code, options, modifier) {
-    const { _ } = options.snippets;
-    code.prependRight(expressionStart, `${getSystemExportStatement([exportedVariable], options, modifier)},${_}`);
-    if (needsParens) {
-        code.prependRight(expressionStart, '(');
-        code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, ')');
-    }
-}
-
-//@ts-check
-/** @typedef { import('estree').Node} Node */
-/** @typedef {Node | {
- *   type: 'PropertyDefinition';
- *   computed: boolean;
- *   value: Node
- * }} NodeWithPropertyDefinition */
-
-/**
- *
- * @param {NodeWithPropertyDefinition} node
- * @param {NodeWithPropertyDefinition} parent
- * @returns boolean
- */
-function is_reference (node, parent) {
-	if (node.type === 'MemberExpression') {
-		return !node.computed && is_reference(node.object, node);
-	}
-
-	if (node.type === 'Identifier') {
-		if (!parent) return true;
-
-		switch (parent.type) {
-			// disregard `bar` in `foo.bar`
-			case 'MemberExpression': return parent.computed || node === parent.object;
-
-			// disregard the `foo` in `class {foo(){}}` but keep it in `class {[foo](){}}`
-			case 'MethodDefinition': return parent.computed;
-
-			// disregard the `foo` in `class {foo=bar}` but keep it in `class {[foo]=bar}` and `class {bar=foo}`
-			case 'PropertyDefinition': return parent.computed || node === parent.value;
-
-			// disregard the `bar` in `{ bar: foo }`, but keep it in `{ [bar]: foo }`
-			case 'Property': return parent.computed || node === parent.value;
-
-			// disregard the `bar` in `export { foo as bar }` or
-			// the foo in `import { foo as bar }`
-			case 'ExportSpecifier':
-			case 'ImportSpecifier': return node === parent.local;
-
-			// disregard the `foo` in `foo: while (...) { ... break foo; ... continue foo;}`
-			case 'LabeledStatement':
-			case 'BreakStatement':
-			case 'ContinueStatement': return false;
-			default: return true;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false;
-}
-
-/* eslint sort-keys: "off" */
-const ValueProperties = Symbol('Value Properties');
-const PURE = {
-    hasEffectsWhenCalled() {
-        return false;
-    }
-};
-const IMPURE = {
-    hasEffectsWhenCalled() {
-        return true;
-    }
-};
-// We use shortened variables to reduce file size here
-/* OBJECT */
-const O = {
-    __proto__: null,
-    [ValueProperties]: IMPURE
-};
-/* PURE FUNCTION */
-const PF = {
-    __proto__: null,
-    [ValueProperties]: PURE
-};
-/* FUNCTION THAT MUTATES FIRST ARG WITHOUT TRIGGERING ACCESSORS */
-const MUTATES_ARG_WITHOUT_ACCESSOR = {
-    __proto__: null,
-    [ValueProperties]: {
-        hasEffectsWhenCalled(callOptions, context) {
-            return (!callOptions.args.length ||
-                callOptions.args[0].hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(UNKNOWN_NON_ACCESSOR_PATH, context));
+};
+// We use shortened variables to reduce file size here
+/* OBJECT */
+const O = {
+    __proto__: null,
+    [ValueProperties]: IMPURE
+};
+/* PURE FUNCTION */
+const PF = {
+    __proto__: null,
+    [ValueProperties]: PURE
+};
+/* FUNCTION THAT MUTATES FIRST ARG WITHOUT TRIGGERING ACCESSORS */
+const MUTATES_ARG_WITHOUT_ACCESSOR = {
+    __proto__: null,
+    [ValueProperties]: {
+        hasEffectsWhenCalled({ args }, context) {
+            return (!args.length ||
+                args[0].hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(UNKNOWN_NON_ACCESSOR_PATH, NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_ASSIGNMENT, context));
         }
     }
 };
@@ -7973,227 +7357,691 @@ const knownGlobals = {
 for (const global of ['window', 'global', 'self', 'globalThis']) {
     knownGlobals[global] = knownGlobals;
 }
-function getGlobalAtPath(path) {
-    let currentGlobal = knownGlobals;
-    for (const pathSegment of path) {
-        if (typeof pathSegment !== 'string') {
-            return null;
+function getGlobalAtPath(path) {
+    let currentGlobal = knownGlobals;
+    for (const pathSegment of path) {
+        if (typeof pathSegment !== 'string') {
+            return null;
+        }
+        currentGlobal = currentGlobal[pathSegment];
+        if (!currentGlobal) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+    return currentGlobal[ValueProperties];
+}
+
+class GlobalVariable extends Variable {
+    constructor() {
+        super(...arguments);
+        // Ensure we use live-bindings for globals as we do not know if they have
+        // been reassigned
+        this.isReassigned = true;
+    }
+    getLiteralValueAtPath(path, _recursionTracker, _origin) {
+        return getGlobalAtPath([this.name, ...path]) ? UnknownTruthyValue : UnknownValue;
+    }
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        switch (interaction.type) {
+            case INTERACTION_ACCESSED:
+                if (path.length === 0) {
+                    // Technically, "undefined" is a global variable of sorts
+                    return this.name !== 'undefined' && !getGlobalAtPath([this.name]);
+                }
+                return !getGlobalAtPath([this.name, ...path].slice(0, -1));
+            case INTERACTION_ASSIGNED:
+                return true;
+            case INTERACTION_CALLED: {
+                const globalAtPath = getGlobalAtPath([this.name, ...path]);
+                return !globalAtPath || globalAtPath.hasEffectsWhenCalled(interaction, context);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const tdzVariableKinds = {
+    __proto__: null,
+    class: true,
+    const: true,
+    let: true,
+    var: true
+};
+class Identifier extends NodeBase {
+    constructor() {
+        super(...arguments);
+        this.variable = null;
+        this.isTDZAccess = null;
+    }
+    addExportedVariables(variables, exportNamesByVariable) {
+        if (exportNamesByVariable.has(this.variable)) {
+            variables.push(this.variable);
+        }
+    }
+    bind() {
+        if (!this.variable && is_reference(this, this.parent)) {
+            this.variable = this.scope.findVariable(this.name);
+            this.variable.addReference(this);
+        }
+    }
+    declare(kind, init) {
+        let variable;
+        const { treeshake } = this.context.options;
+        switch (kind) {
+            case 'var':
+                variable = this.scope.addDeclaration(this, this.context, init, true);
+                if (treeshake && treeshake.correctVarValueBeforeDeclaration) {
+                    // Necessary to make sure the init is deoptimized. We cannot call deoptimizePath here.
+                    variable.markInitializersForDeoptimization();
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'function':
+                // in strict mode, functions are only hoisted within a scope but not across block scopes
+                variable = this.scope.addDeclaration(this, this.context, init, false);
+                break;
+            case 'let':
+            case 'const':
+            case 'class':
+                variable = this.scope.addDeclaration(this, this.context, init, false);
+                break;
+            case 'parameter':
+                variable = this.scope.addParameterDeclaration(this);
+                break;
+            /* istanbul ignore next */
+            default:
+                /* istanbul ignore next */
+                throw new Error(`Internal Error: Unexpected identifier kind ${kind}.`);
+        }
+        variable.kind = kind;
+        return [(this.variable = variable)];
+    }
+    deoptimizePath(path) {
+        var _a;
+        if (path.length === 0 && !this.scope.contains(this.name)) {
+            this.disallowImportReassignment();
+        }
+        // We keep conditional chaining because an unknown Node could have an
+        // Identifier as property that might be deoptimized by default
+        (_a = this.variable) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizePath(path);
+    }
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        this.variable.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
+    }
+    getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return this.getVariableRespectingTDZ().getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
+    }
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return this.getVariableRespectingTDZ().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
+    }
+    hasEffects(context) {
+        if (!this.deoptimized)
+            this.applyDeoptimizations();
+        if (this.isPossibleTDZ() && this.variable.kind !== 'var') {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return (this.context.options.treeshake.unknownGlobalSideEffects &&
+            this.variable instanceof GlobalVariable &&
+            this.variable.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_ACCESS, context));
+    }
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        switch (interaction.type) {
+            case INTERACTION_ACCESSED:
+                return (this.variable !== null &&
+                    this.getVariableRespectingTDZ().hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context));
+            case INTERACTION_ASSIGNED:
+                return (path.length > 0 ? this.getVariableRespectingTDZ() : this.variable).hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
+            case INTERACTION_CALLED:
+                return this.getVariableRespectingTDZ().hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
+        }
+    }
+    include() {
+        if (!this.deoptimized)
+            this.applyDeoptimizations();
+        if (!this.included) {
+            this.included = true;
+            if (this.variable !== null) {
+                this.context.includeVariableInModule(this.variable);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    includeCallArguments(context, args) {
+        this.variable.includeCallArguments(context, args);
+    }
+    isPossibleTDZ() {
+        // return cached value to avoid issues with the next tree-shaking pass
+        if (this.isTDZAccess !== null)
+            return this.isTDZAccess;
+        if (!(this.variable instanceof LocalVariable) ||
+            !this.variable.kind ||
+            !(this.variable.kind in tdzVariableKinds)) {
+            return (this.isTDZAccess = false);
+        }
+        let decl_id;
+        if (this.variable.declarations &&
+            this.variable.declarations.length === 1 &&
+            (decl_id = this.variable.declarations[0]) &&
+            this.start < decl_id.start &&
+            closestParentFunctionOrProgram(this) === closestParentFunctionOrProgram(decl_id)) {
+            // a variable accessed before its declaration
+            // in the same function or at top level of module
+            return (this.isTDZAccess = true);
+        }
+        if (!this.variable.initReached) {
+            // Either a const/let TDZ violation or
+            // var use before declaration was encountered.
+            return (this.isTDZAccess = true);
+        }
+        return (this.isTDZAccess = false);
+    }
+    markDeclarationReached() {
+        this.variable.initReached = true;
+    }
+    render(code, { snippets: { getPropertyAccess } }, { renderedParentType, isCalleeOfRenderedParent, isShorthandProperty } = BLANK) {
+        if (this.variable) {
+            const name = this.variable.getName(getPropertyAccess);
+            if (name !== this.name) {
+                code.overwrite(this.start, this.end, name, {
+                    contentOnly: true,
+                    storeName: true
+                });
+                if (isShorthandProperty) {
+                    code.prependRight(this.start, `${this.name}: `);
+                }
+            }
+            // In strict mode, any variable named "eval" must be the actual "eval" function
+            if (name === 'eval' &&
+                renderedParentType === CallExpression$1 &&
+                isCalleeOfRenderedParent) {
+                code.appendRight(this.start, '0, ');
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    applyDeoptimizations() {
+        this.deoptimized = true;
+        if (this.variable instanceof LocalVariable) {
+            this.variable.consolidateInitializers();
+            this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
+        }
+    }
+    disallowImportReassignment() {
+        return this.context.error({
+            code: 'ILLEGAL_REASSIGNMENT',
+            message: `Illegal reassignment to import '${this.name}'`
+        }, this.start);
+    }
+    getVariableRespectingTDZ() {
+        if (this.isPossibleTDZ()) {
+            return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
+        }
+        return this.variable;
+    }
+}
+function closestParentFunctionOrProgram(node) {
+    while (node && !/^Program|Function/.test(node.type)) {
+        node = node.parent;
+    }
+    // one of: ArrowFunctionExpression, FunctionDeclaration, FunctionExpression or Program
+    return node;
+}
+
+function treeshakeNode(node, code, start, end) {
+    code.remove(start, end);
+    if (node.annotations) {
+        for (const annotation of node.annotations) {
+            if (annotation.start < start) {
+                code.remove(annotation.start, annotation.end);
+            }
+            else {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+function removeAnnotations(node, code) {
+    if (!node.annotations && node.parent.type === ExpressionStatement$1) {
+        node = node.parent;
+    }
+    if (node.annotations) {
+        for (const annotation of node.annotations) {
+            code.remove(annotation.start, annotation.end);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const NO_SEMICOLON = { isNoStatement: true };
+// This assumes there are only white-space and comments between start and the string we are looking for
+function findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code, searchString, start = 0) {
+    let searchPos, charCodeAfterSlash;
+    searchPos = code.indexOf(searchString, start);
+    while (true) {
+        start = code.indexOf('/', start);
+        if (start === -1 || start >= searchPos)
+            return searchPos;
+        charCodeAfterSlash = code.charCodeAt(++start);
+        ++start;
+        // With our assumption, '/' always starts a comment. Determine comment type:
+        start =
+            charCodeAfterSlash === 47 /*"/"*/
+                ? code.indexOf('\n', start) + 1
+                : code.indexOf('*/', start) + 2;
+        if (start > searchPos) {
+            searchPos = code.indexOf(searchString, start);
+        }
+    }
+}
+const NON_WHITESPACE = /\S/g;
+function findNonWhiteSpace(code, index) {
+    NON_WHITESPACE.lastIndex = index;
+    const result = NON_WHITESPACE.exec(code);
+    return result.index;
+}
+// This assumes "code" only contains white-space and comments
+// Returns position of line-comment if applicable
+function findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code) {
+    let lineBreakPos, charCodeAfterSlash, start = 0;
+    lineBreakPos = code.indexOf('\n', start);
+    while (true) {
+        start = code.indexOf('/', start);
+        if (start === -1 || start > lineBreakPos)
+            return [lineBreakPos, lineBreakPos + 1];
+        // With our assumption, '/' always starts a comment. Determine comment type:
+        charCodeAfterSlash = code.charCodeAt(start + 1);
+        if (charCodeAfterSlash === 47 /*"/"*/)
+            return [start, lineBreakPos + 1];
+        start = code.indexOf('*/', start + 3) + 2;
+        if (start > lineBreakPos) {
+            lineBreakPos = code.indexOf('\n', start);
+        }
+    }
+}
+function renderStatementList(statements, code, start, end, options) {
+    let currentNode, currentNodeStart, currentNodeNeedsBoundaries, nextNodeStart;
+    let nextNode = statements[0];
+    let nextNodeNeedsBoundaries = !nextNode.included || nextNode.needsBoundaries;
+    if (nextNodeNeedsBoundaries) {
+        nextNodeStart =
+            start + findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code.original.slice(start, nextNode.start))[1];
+    }
+    for (let nextIndex = 1; nextIndex <= statements.length; nextIndex++) {
+        currentNode = nextNode;
+        currentNodeStart = nextNodeStart;
+        currentNodeNeedsBoundaries = nextNodeNeedsBoundaries;
+        nextNode = statements[nextIndex];
+        nextNodeNeedsBoundaries =
+            nextNode === undefined ? false : !nextNode.included || nextNode.needsBoundaries;
+        if (currentNodeNeedsBoundaries || nextNodeNeedsBoundaries) {
+            nextNodeStart =
+                currentNode.end +
+                    findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code.original.slice(currentNode.end, nextNode === undefined ? end : nextNode.start))[1];
+            if (currentNode.included) {
+                currentNodeNeedsBoundaries
+                    ? currentNode.render(code, options, {
+                        end: nextNodeStart,
+                        start: currentNodeStart
+                    })
+                    : currentNode.render(code, options);
+            }
+            else {
+                treeshakeNode(currentNode, code, currentNodeStart, nextNodeStart);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            currentNode.render(code, options);
+        }
+    }
+}
+// This assumes that the first character is not part of the first node
+function getCommaSeparatedNodesWithBoundaries(nodes, code, start, end) {
+    const splitUpNodes = [];
+    let node, nextNode, nextNodeStart, contentEnd, char;
+    let separator = start - 1;
+    for (let nextIndex = 0; nextIndex < nodes.length; nextIndex++) {
+        nextNode = nodes[nextIndex];
+        if (node !== undefined) {
+            separator =
+                node.end +
+                    findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code.original.slice(node.end, nextNode.start), ',');
+        }
+        nextNodeStart = contentEnd =
+            separator +
+                1 +
+                findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code.original.slice(separator + 1, nextNode.start))[1];
+        while (((char = code.original.charCodeAt(nextNodeStart)),
+            char === 32 /*" "*/ || char === 9 /*"\t"*/ || char === 10 /*"\n"*/ || char === 13) /*"\r"*/)
+            nextNodeStart++;
+        if (node !== undefined) {
+            splitUpNodes.push({
+                contentEnd,
+                end: nextNodeStart,
+                node,
+                separator,
+                start
+            });
+        }
+        node = nextNode;
+        start = nextNodeStart;
+    }
+    splitUpNodes.push({
+        contentEnd: end,
+        end,
+        node: node,
+        separator: null,
+        start
+    });
+    return splitUpNodes;
+}
+// This assumes there are only white-space and comments between start and end
+function removeLineBreaks(code, start, end) {
+    while (true) {
+        const [removeStart, removeEnd] = findFirstLineBreakOutsideComment(code.original.slice(start, end));
+        if (removeStart === -1) {
+            break;
+        }
+        code.remove(start + removeStart, (start += removeEnd));
+    }
+}
+
+class BlockScope extends ChildScope {
+    addDeclaration(identifier, context, init, isHoisted) {
+        if (isHoisted) {
+            const variable = this.parent.addDeclaration(identifier, context, init, isHoisted);
+            // Necessary to make sure the init is deoptimized for conditional declarations.
+            // We cannot call deoptimizePath here.
+            variable.markInitializersForDeoptimization();
+            return variable;
         }
-        currentGlobal = currentGlobal[pathSegment];
-        if (!currentGlobal) {
-            return null;
+        else {
+            return super.addDeclaration(identifier, context, init, false);
         }
     }
-    return currentGlobal[ValueProperties];
 }
 
-class GlobalVariable extends Variable {
+class ExpressionStatement extends NodeBase {
+    initialise() {
+        if (this.directive &&
+            this.directive !== 'use strict' &&
+            this.parent.type === Program$1) {
+            this.context.warn(
+            // This is necessary, because either way (deleting or not) can lead to errors.
+            {
+                code: 'MODULE_LEVEL_DIRECTIVE',
+                message: `Module level directives cause errors when bundled, '${this.directive}' was ignored.`
+            }, this.start);
+        }
+    }
+    render(code, options) {
+        super.render(code, options);
+        if (this.included)
+            this.insertSemicolon(code);
+    }
+    shouldBeIncluded(context) {
+        if (this.directive && this.directive !== 'use strict')
+            return this.parent.type !== Program$1;
+        return super.shouldBeIncluded(context);
+    }
+    applyDeoptimizations() { }
+}
+
+class BlockStatement extends NodeBase {
     constructor() {
         super(...arguments);
-        // Ensure we use live-bindings for globals as we do not know if they have
-        // been reassigned
-        this.isReassigned = true;
+        this.directlyIncluded = false;
     }
-    getLiteralValueAtPath(path, _recursionTracker, _origin) {
-        return getGlobalAtPath([this.name, ...path]) ? UnknownTruthyValue : UnknownValue;
+    addImplicitReturnExpressionToScope() {
+        const lastStatement = this.body[this.body.length - 1];
+        if (!lastStatement || lastStatement.type !== ReturnStatement$1) {
+            this.scope.addReturnExpression(UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
+        }
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        if (path.length === 0) {
-            // Technically, "undefined" is a global variable of sorts
-            return this.name !== 'undefined' && !getGlobalAtPath([this.name]);
+    createScope(parentScope) {
+        this.scope = this.parent.preventChildBlockScope
+            ? parentScope
+            : new BlockScope(parentScope);
+    }
+    hasEffects(context) {
+        if (this.deoptimizeBody)
+            return true;
+        for (const node of this.body) {
+            if (context.brokenFlow)
+                break;
+            if (node.hasEffects(context))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
+        if (!(this.deoptimizeBody && this.directlyIncluded)) {
+            this.included = true;
+            this.directlyIncluded = true;
+            if (this.deoptimizeBody)
+                includeChildrenRecursively = true;
+            for (const node of this.body) {
+                if (includeChildrenRecursively || node.shouldBeIncluded(context))
+                    node.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+            }
         }
-        return !getGlobalAtPath([this.name, ...path].slice(0, -1));
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        const globalAtPath = getGlobalAtPath([this.name, ...path]);
-        return !globalAtPath || globalAtPath.hasEffectsWhenCalled(callOptions, context);
+    initialise() {
+        const firstBodyStatement = this.body[0];
+        this.deoptimizeBody =
+            firstBodyStatement instanceof ExpressionStatement &&
+                firstBodyStatement.directive === 'use asm';
+    }
+    render(code, options) {
+        if (this.body.length) {
+            renderStatementList(this.body, code, this.start + 1, this.end - 1, options);
+        }
+        else {
+            super.render(code, options);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-const tdzVariableKinds = {
-    __proto__: null,
-    class: true,
-    const: true,
-    let: true,
-    var: true
-};
-class Identifier extends NodeBase {
+class RestElement extends NodeBase {
     constructor() {
         super(...arguments);
-        this.variable = null;
-        this.isTDZAccess = null;
+        this.declarationInit = null;
     }
     addExportedVariables(variables, exportNamesByVariable) {
-        if (exportNamesByVariable.has(this.variable)) {
-            variables.push(this.variable);
-        }
-    }
-    bind() {
-        if (!this.variable && is_reference(this, this.parent)) {
-            this.variable = this.scope.findVariable(this.name);
-            this.variable.addReference(this);
-        }
+        this.argument.addExportedVariables(variables, exportNamesByVariable);
     }
     declare(kind, init) {
-        let variable;
-        const { treeshake } = this.context.options;
-        switch (kind) {
-            case 'var':
-                variable = this.scope.addDeclaration(this, this.context, init, true);
-                if (treeshake && treeshake.correctVarValueBeforeDeclaration) {
-                    // Necessary to make sure the init is deoptimized. We cannot call deoptimizePath here.
-                    variable.markInitializersForDeoptimization();
-                }
-                break;
-            case 'function':
-                // in strict mode, functions are only hoisted within a scope but not across block scopes
-                variable = this.scope.addDeclaration(this, this.context, init, false);
-                break;
-            case 'let':
-            case 'const':
-            case 'class':
-                variable = this.scope.addDeclaration(this, this.context, init, false);
-                break;
-            case 'parameter':
-                variable = this.scope.addParameterDeclaration(this);
-                break;
-            /* istanbul ignore next */
-            default:
-                /* istanbul ignore next */
-                throw new Error(`Internal Error: Unexpected identifier kind ${kind}.`);
+        this.declarationInit = init;
+        return this.argument.declare(kind, UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
+    }
+    deoptimizePath(path) {
+        path.length === 0 && this.argument.deoptimizePath(EMPTY_PATH);
+    }
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        return (path.length > 0 ||
+            this.argument.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, interaction, context));
+    }
+    markDeclarationReached() {
+        this.argument.markDeclarationReached();
+    }
+    applyDeoptimizations() {
+        this.deoptimized = true;
+        if (this.declarationInit !== null) {
+            this.declarationInit.deoptimizePath([UnknownKey, UnknownKey]);
+            this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
         }
-        variable.kind = kind;
-        return [(this.variable = variable)];
     }
-    deoptimizeCallParameters() {
-        this.variable.deoptimizeCallParameters();
+}
+
+class FunctionBase extends NodeBase {
+    constructor() {
+        super(...arguments);
+        this.objectEntity = null;
+        this.deoptimizedReturn = false;
     }
     deoptimizePath(path) {
-        var _a;
-        if (path.length === 0 && !this.scope.contains(this.name)) {
-            this.disallowImportReassignment();
+        this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizePath(path);
+        if (path.length === 1 && path[0] === UnknownKey) {
+            // A reassignment of UNKNOWN_PATH is considered equivalent to having lost track
+            // which means the return expression needs to be reassigned
+            this.scope.getReturnExpression().deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
         }
-        // We keep conditional chaining because an unknown Node could have an
-        // Identifier as property that might be deoptimized by default
-        (_a = this.variable) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizePath(path);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.variable.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        if (path.length > 0) {
+            this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
+        }
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.getVariableRespectingTDZ().getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
+        return this.getObjectEntity().getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.getVariableRespectingTDZ().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        if (path.length > 0) {
+            return this.getObjectEntity().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
+        }
+        if (this.async) {
+            if (!this.deoptimizedReturn) {
+                this.deoptimizedReturn = true;
+                this.scope.getReturnExpression().deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
+                this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
+            }
+            return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
+        }
+        return this.scope.getReturnExpression();
     }
-    hasEffects() {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (path.length > 0 || interaction.type !== INTERACTION_CALLED) {
+            return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
+        }
+        if (this.async) {
+            const { propertyReadSideEffects } = this.context.options
+                .treeshake;
+            const returnExpression = this.scope.getReturnExpression();
+            if (returnExpression.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(['then'], NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_CALL, context) ||
+                (propertyReadSideEffects &&
+                    (propertyReadSideEffects === 'always' ||
+                        returnExpression.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(['then'], NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_ACCESS, context)))) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        for (const param of this.params) {
+            if (param.hasEffects(context))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
         if (!this.deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        if (this.isPossibleTDZ() && this.variable.kind !== 'var') {
-            return true;
+        this.included = true;
+        const { brokenFlow } = context;
+        context.brokenFlow = BROKEN_FLOW_NONE;
+        this.body.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+        context.brokenFlow = brokenFlow;
+    }
+    includeCallArguments(context, args) {
+        this.scope.includeCallArguments(context, args);
+    }
+    initialise() {
+        this.scope.addParameterVariables(this.params.map(param => param.declare('parameter', UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION)), this.params[this.params.length - 1] instanceof RestElement);
+        if (this.body instanceof BlockStatement) {
+            this.body.addImplicitReturnExpressionToScope();
+        }
+        else {
+            this.scope.addReturnExpression(this.body);
         }
-        return (this.context.options.treeshake.unknownGlobalSideEffects &&
-            this.variable instanceof GlobalVariable &&
-            this.variable.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH));
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return (this.variable !== null &&
-            this.getVariableRespectingTDZ().hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context));
+    parseNode(esTreeNode) {
+        if (esTreeNode.body.type === BlockStatement$1) {
+            this.body = new BlockStatement(esTreeNode.body, this, this.scope.hoistedBodyVarScope);
+        }
+        super.parseNode(esTreeNode);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return (path.length > 0 ? this.getVariableRespectingTDZ() : this.variable).hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
+    applyDeoptimizations() { }
+}
+FunctionBase.prototype.preventChildBlockScope = true;
+
+class ArrowFunctionExpression extends FunctionBase {
+    constructor() {
+        super(...arguments);
+        this.objectEntity = null;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        return this.getVariableRespectingTDZ().hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
+    createScope(parentScope) {
+        this.scope = new ReturnValueScope(parentScope, this.context);
     }
-    include() {
+    hasEffects() {
         if (!this.deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        if (!this.included) {
-            this.included = true;
-            if (this.variable !== null) {
-                this.context.includeVariableInModule(this.variable);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    includeCallArguments(context, args) {
-        this.variable.includeCallArguments(context, args);
+        return false;
     }
-    isPossibleTDZ() {
-        // return cached value to avoid issues with the next tree-shaking pass
-        if (this.isTDZAccess !== null)
-            return this.isTDZAccess;
-        if (!(this.variable instanceof LocalVariable) ||
-            !this.variable.kind ||
-            !(this.variable.kind in tdzVariableKinds)) {
-            return (this.isTDZAccess = false);
-        }
-        let decl_id;
-        if (this.variable.declarations &&
-            this.variable.declarations.length === 1 &&
-            (decl_id = this.variable.declarations[0]) &&
-            this.start < decl_id.start &&
-            closestParentFunctionOrProgram(this) === closestParentFunctionOrProgram(decl_id)) {
-            // a variable accessed before its declaration
-            // in the same function or at top level of module
-            return (this.isTDZAccess = true);
-        }
-        if (!this.variable.initReached) {
-            // Either a const/let TDZ violation or
-            // var use before declaration was encountered.
-            return (this.isTDZAccess = true);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (super.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context))
+            return true;
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED) {
+            const { ignore, brokenFlow } = context;
+            context.ignore = {
+                breaks: false,
+                continues: false,
+                labels: new Set(),
+                returnYield: true
+            };
+            if (this.body.hasEffects(context))
+                return true;
+            context.ignore = ignore;
+            context.brokenFlow = brokenFlow;
         }
-        return (this.isTDZAccess = false);
-    }
-    markDeclarationReached() {
-        this.variable.initReached = true;
+        return false;
     }
-    render(code, { snippets: { getPropertyAccess } }, { renderedParentType, isCalleeOfRenderedParent, isShorthandProperty } = BLANK) {
-        if (this.variable) {
-            const name = this.variable.getName(getPropertyAccess);
-            if (name !== this.name) {
-                code.overwrite(this.start, this.end, name, {
-                    contentOnly: true,
-                    storeName: true
-                });
-                if (isShorthandProperty) {
-                    code.prependRight(this.start, `${this.name}: `);
-                }
-            }
-            // In strict mode, any variable named "eval" must be the actual "eval" function
-            if (name === 'eval' &&
-                renderedParentType === CallExpression$1 &&
-                isCalleeOfRenderedParent) {
-                code.appendRight(this.start, '0, ');
+    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
+        super.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+        for (const param of this.params) {
+            if (!(param instanceof Identifier)) {
+                param.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
             }
         }
     }
-    applyDeoptimizations() {
-        this.deoptimized = true;
-        if (this.variable instanceof LocalVariable) {
-            this.variable.consolidateInitializers();
-            this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
+    getObjectEntity() {
+        if (this.objectEntity !== null) {
+            return this.objectEntity;
         }
+        return (this.objectEntity = new ObjectEntity([], OBJECT_PROTOTYPE));
     }
-    disallowImportReassignment() {
-        return this.context.error({
-            code: 'ILLEGAL_REASSIGNMENT',
-            message: `Illegal reassignment to import '${this.name}'`
-        }, this.start);
+}
+
+function getSystemExportStatement(exportedVariables, { exportNamesByVariable, snippets: { _, getObject, getPropertyAccess } }, modifier = '') {
+    if (exportedVariables.length === 1 &&
+        exportNamesByVariable.get(exportedVariables[0]).length === 1) {
+        const variable = exportedVariables[0];
+        return `exports('${exportNamesByVariable.get(variable)}',${_}${variable.getName(getPropertyAccess)}${modifier})`;
     }
-    getVariableRespectingTDZ() {
-        if (this.isPossibleTDZ()) {
-            return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
+    else {
+        const fields = [];
+        for (const variable of exportedVariables) {
+            for (const exportName of exportNamesByVariable.get(variable)) {
+                fields.push([exportName, variable.getName(getPropertyAccess) + modifier]);
+            }
         }
-        return this.variable;
+        return `exports(${getObject(fields, { lineBreakIndent: null })})`;
     }
 }
-function closestParentFunctionOrProgram(node) {
-    while (node && !/^Program|Function/.test(node.type)) {
-        node = node.parent;
+function renderSystemExportExpression(exportedVariable, expressionStart, expressionEnd, code, { exportNamesByVariable, snippets: { _ } }) {
+    code.prependRight(expressionStart, `exports('${exportNamesByVariable.get(exportedVariable)}',${_}`);
+    code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, ')');
+}
+function renderSystemExportFunction(exportedVariables, expressionStart, expressionEnd, needsParens, code, options) {
+    const { _, getDirectReturnIifeLeft } = options.snippets;
+    code.prependRight(expressionStart, getDirectReturnIifeLeft(['v'], `${getSystemExportStatement(exportedVariables, options)},${_}v`, { needsArrowReturnParens: true, needsWrappedFunction: needsParens }));
+    code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, ')');
+}
+function renderSystemExportSequenceAfterExpression(exportedVariable, expressionStart, expressionEnd, needsParens, code, options) {
+    const { _, getPropertyAccess } = options.snippets;
+    code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, `,${_}${getSystemExportStatement([exportedVariable], options)},${_}${exportedVariable.getName(getPropertyAccess)}`);
+    if (needsParens) {
+        code.prependRight(expressionStart, '(');
+        code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, ')');
+    }
+}
+function renderSystemExportSequenceBeforeExpression(exportedVariable, expressionStart, expressionEnd, needsParens, code, options, modifier) {
+    const { _ } = options.snippets;
+    code.prependRight(expressionStart, `${getSystemExportStatement([exportedVariable], options, modifier)},${_}`);
+    if (needsParens) {
+        code.prependRight(expressionStart, '(');
+        code.appendLeft(expressionEnd, ')');
     }
-    // one of: ArrowFunctionExpression, FunctionDeclaration, FunctionExpression or Program
-    return node;
 }
 
 class ObjectPattern extends NodeBase {
@@ -8221,11 +8069,12 @@ class ObjectPattern extends NodeBase {
             }
         }
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        if (path.length > 0)
-            return true;
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(
+    // At the moment, this is only triggered for assignment left-hand sides,
+    // where the path is empty
+    _path, interaction, context) {
         for (const property of this.properties) {
-            if (property.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, context))
+            if (property.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, interaction, context))
                 return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -8239,75 +8088,78 @@ class ObjectPattern extends NodeBase {
 
 class AssignmentExpression extends NodeBase {
     hasEffects(context) {
-        if (!this.deoptimized)
+        const { deoptimized, left, right } = this;
+        if (!deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        return (this.right.hasEffects(context) ||
-            this.left.hasEffects(context) ||
-            this.left.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, context));
+        // MemberExpressions do not access the property before assignments if the
+        // operator is '='.
+        return (right.hasEffects(context) || left.hasEffectsAsAssignmentTarget(context, this.operator !== '='));
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return path.length > 0 && this.right.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        return this.right.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
-        if (!this.deoptimized)
+        const { deoptimized, left, right, operator } = this;
+        if (!deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
         this.included = true;
-        let hasEffectsContext;
         if (includeChildrenRecursively ||
-            this.operator !== '=' ||
-            this.left.included ||
-            ((hasEffectsContext = createHasEffectsContext()),
-                this.left.hasEffects(hasEffectsContext) ||
-                    this.left.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, hasEffectsContext))) {
-            this.left.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+            operator !== '=' ||
+            left.included ||
+            left.hasEffectsAsAssignmentTarget(createHasEffectsContext(), false)) {
+            left.includeAsAssignmentTarget(context, includeChildrenRecursively, operator !== '=');
         }
-        this.right.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+        right.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+    }
+    initialise() {
+        this.left.setAssignedValue(this.right);
     }
     render(code, options, { preventASI, renderedParentType, renderedSurroundingElement } = BLANK) {
-        if (this.left.included) {
-            this.left.render(code, options);
-            this.right.render(code, options);
+        const { left, right, start, end, parent } = this;
+        if (left.included) {
+            left.render(code, options);
+            right.render(code, options);
         }
         else {
-            const inclusionStart = findNonWhiteSpace(code.original, findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code.original, '=', this.left.end) + 1);
-            code.remove(this.start, inclusionStart);
+            const inclusionStart = findNonWhiteSpace(code.original, findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code.original, '=', left.end) + 1);
+            code.remove(start, inclusionStart);
             if (preventASI) {
-                removeLineBreaks(code, inclusionStart, this.right.start);
+                removeLineBreaks(code, inclusionStart, right.start);
             }
-            this.right.render(code, options, {
-                renderedParentType: renderedParentType || this.parent.type,
-                renderedSurroundingElement: renderedSurroundingElement || this.parent.type
+            right.render(code, options, {
+                renderedParentType: renderedParentType || parent.type,
+                renderedSurroundingElement: renderedSurroundingElement || parent.type
             });
         }
         if (options.format === 'system') {
-            if (this.left instanceof Identifier) {
-                const variable = this.left.variable;
+            if (left instanceof Identifier) {
+                const variable = left.variable;
                 const exportNames = options.exportNamesByVariable.get(variable);
                 if (exportNames) {
                     if (exportNames.length === 1) {
-                        renderSystemExportExpression(variable, this.start, this.end, code, options);
+                        renderSystemExportExpression(variable, start, end, code, options);
                     }
                     else {
-                        renderSystemExportSequenceAfterExpression(variable, this.start, this.end, this.parent.type !== ExpressionStatement$1, code, options);
+                        renderSystemExportSequenceAfterExpression(variable, start, end, parent.type !== ExpressionStatement$1, code, options);
                     }
                     return;
                 }
             }
             else {
                 const systemPatternExports = [];
-                this.left.addExportedVariables(systemPatternExports, options.exportNamesByVariable);
+                left.addExportedVariables(systemPatternExports, options.exportNamesByVariable);
                 if (systemPatternExports.length > 0) {
-                    renderSystemExportFunction(systemPatternExports, this.start, this.end, renderedSurroundingElement === ExpressionStatement$1, code, options);
+                    renderSystemExportFunction(systemPatternExports, start, end, renderedSurroundingElement === ExpressionStatement$1, code, options);
                     return;
                 }
             }
         }
-        if (this.left.included &&
-            this.left instanceof ObjectPattern &&
+        if (left.included &&
+            left instanceof ObjectPattern &&
             (renderedSurroundingElement === ExpressionStatement$1 ||
                 renderedSurroundingElement === ArrowFunctionExpression$1)) {
-            code.appendRight(this.start, '(');
-            code.prependLeft(this.end, ')');
+            code.appendRight(start, '(');
+            code.prependLeft(end, ')');
         }
     }
     applyDeoptimizations() {
@@ -8318,18 +8170,40 @@ class AssignmentExpression extends NodeBase {
     }
 }
 
+class AssignmentPattern extends NodeBase {
+    addExportedVariables(variables, exportNamesByVariable) {
+        this.left.addExportedVariables(variables, exportNamesByVariable);
+    }
+    declare(kind, init) {
+        return this.left.declare(kind, init);
+    }
+    deoptimizePath(path) {
+        path.length === 0 && this.left.deoptimizePath(path);
+    }
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        return (path.length > 0 || this.left.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, interaction, context));
+    }
+    markDeclarationReached() {
+        this.left.markDeclarationReached();
+    }
+    render(code, options, { isShorthandProperty } = BLANK) {
+        this.left.render(code, options, { isShorthandProperty });
+        this.right.render(code, options);
+    }
+    applyDeoptimizations() {
+        this.deoptimized = true;
+        this.left.deoptimizePath(EMPTY_PATH);
+        this.right.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
+        this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
+    }
+}
+
 class ArgumentsVariable extends LocalVariable {
     constructor(context) {
         super('arguments', null, UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION, context);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath() {
-        return true;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath() {
-        return true;
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, { type }) {
+        return type !== INTERACTION_ACCESSED || path.length > 1;
     }
 }
 
@@ -8345,8 +8219,8 @@ class ThisVariable extends LocalVariable {
         for (const path of this.deoptimizedPaths) {
             entity.deoptimizePath(path);
         }
-        for (const thisDeoptimization of this.thisDeoptimizationList) {
-            this.applyThisDeoptimizationEvent(entity, thisDeoptimization);
+        for (const { interaction, path } of this.thisDeoptimizationList) {
+            entity.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
         }
         this.entitiesToBeDeoptimized.add(entity);
     }
@@ -8360,29 +8234,21 @@ class ThisVariable extends LocalVariable {
             entity.deoptimizePath(path);
         }
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter) {
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path) {
         const thisDeoptimization = {
-            event,
-            path,
-            thisParameter
+            interaction,
+            path
         };
-        if (!this.thisDeoptimizations.trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, event, thisParameter)) {
+        if (!this.thisDeoptimizations.trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, interaction.type, interaction.thisArg)) {
             for (const entity of this.entitiesToBeDeoptimized) {
-                this.applyThisDeoptimizationEvent(entity, thisDeoptimization);
+                entity.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
             }
             this.thisDeoptimizationList.push(thisDeoptimization);
         }
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return (this.getInit(context).hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) ||
-            super.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context));
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return (this.getInit(context).hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) ||
-            super.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context));
-    }
-    applyThisDeoptimizationEvent(entity, { event, path, thisParameter }) {
-        entity.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter === this ? entity : thisParameter, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        return (this.getInit(context).hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) ||
+            super.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context));
     }
     getInit(context) {
         return context.replacedVariableInits.get(this) || UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
@@ -8418,50 +8284,56 @@ class FunctionNode extends FunctionBase {
     createScope(parentScope) {
         this.scope = new FunctionScope(parentScope, this.context);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        super.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
-        if (event === EVENT_CALLED && path.length === 0) {
-            this.scope.thisVariable.addEntityToBeDeoptimized(thisParameter);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        super.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED && path.length === 0) {
+            this.scope.thisVariable.addEntityToBeDeoptimized(interaction.thisArg);
         }
     }
-    hasEffects() {
+    hasEffects(context) {
         var _a;
         if (!this.deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        return !!((_a = this.id) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffects());
+        return !!((_a = this.id) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffects(context));
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        if (super.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context))
-            return true;
-        const thisInit = context.replacedVariableInits.get(this.scope.thisVariable);
-        context.replacedVariableInits.set(this.scope.thisVariable, callOptions.withNew
-            ? new ObjectEntity(Object.create(null), OBJECT_PROTOTYPE)
-            : UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
-        const { brokenFlow, ignore } = context;
-        context.ignore = {
-            breaks: false,
-            continues: false,
-            labels: new Set(),
-            returnYield: true
-        };
-        if (this.body.hasEffects(context))
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (super.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context))
             return true;
-        context.brokenFlow = brokenFlow;
-        if (thisInit) {
-            context.replacedVariableInits.set(this.scope.thisVariable, thisInit);
-        }
-        else {
-            context.replacedVariableInits.delete(this.scope.thisVariable);
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED) {
+            const thisInit = context.replacedVariableInits.get(this.scope.thisVariable);
+            context.replacedVariableInits.set(this.scope.thisVariable, interaction.withNew
+                ? new ObjectEntity(Object.create(null), OBJECT_PROTOTYPE)
+                : UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
+            const { brokenFlow, ignore } = context;
+            context.ignore = {
+                breaks: false,
+                continues: false,
+                labels: new Set(),
+                returnYield: true
+            };
+            if (this.body.hasEffects(context))
+                return true;
+            context.brokenFlow = brokenFlow;
+            if (thisInit) {
+                context.replacedVariableInits.set(this.scope.thisVariable, thisInit);
+            }
+            else {
+                context.replacedVariableInits.delete(this.scope.thisVariable);
+            }
+            context.ignore = ignore;
         }
-        context.ignore = ignore;
         return false;
     }
-    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, { includeWithoutParameterDefaults } = BLANK) {
+    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
         var _a;
+        super.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
         (_a = this.id) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.include();
-        super.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, {
-            includeWithoutParameterDefaults: includeWithoutParameterDefaults && !this.scope.argumentsVariable.included
-        });
+        const hasArguments = this.scope.argumentsVariable.included;
+        for (const param of this.params) {
+            if (!(param instanceof Identifier) || hasArguments) {
+                param.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+            }
+        }
     }
     initialise() {
         var _a;
@@ -8552,12 +8424,13 @@ class BinaryExpression extends NodeBase {
         // support some implicit type coercion runtime errors
         if (this.operator === '+' &&
             this.parent instanceof ExpressionStatement &&
-            this.left.getLiteralValueAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER, this) === '')
+            this.left.getLiteralValueAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER, this) === '') {
             return true;
+        }
         return super.hasEffects(context);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, { type }) {
+        return type !== INTERACTION_ACCESSED || path.length > 1;
     }
     render(code, options, { renderedSurroundingElement } = BLANK) {
         this.left.render(code, options, { renderedSurroundingElement });
@@ -8590,8 +8463,33 @@ class BreakStatement extends NodeBase {
     }
 }
 
+function renderCallArguments(code, options, node) {
+    if (node.arguments.length > 0) {
+        if (node.arguments[node.arguments.length - 1].included) {
+            for (const arg of node.arguments) {
+                arg.render(code, options);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            let lastIncludedIndex = node.arguments.length - 2;
+            while (lastIncludedIndex >= 0 && !node.arguments[lastIncludedIndex].included) {
+                lastIncludedIndex--;
+            }
+            if (lastIncludedIndex >= 0) {
+                for (let index = 0; index <= lastIncludedIndex; index++) {
+                    node.arguments[index].render(code, options);
+                }
+                code.remove(findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code.original, ',', node.arguments[lastIncludedIndex].end), node.end - 1);
+            }
+            else {
+                code.remove(findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code.original, '(', node.callee.end) + 1, node.end - 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 class Literal extends NodeBase {
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath() { }
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath() { }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path) {
         if (path.length > 0 ||
             // unknown literals can also be null but do not start with an "n"
@@ -8608,17 +8506,16 @@ class Literal extends NodeBase {
             return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
         return getMemberReturnExpressionWhenCalled(this.members, path[0]);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        if (this.value === null) {
-            return path.length > 0;
-        }
-        return path.length > 1;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        if (path.length === 1) {
-            return hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(this.members, path[0], callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        switch (interaction.type) {
+            case INTERACTION_ACCESSED:
+                return path.length > (this.value === null ? 0 : 1);
+            case INTERACTION_ASSIGNED:
+                return true;
+            case INTERACTION_CALLED:
+                return (path.length !== 1 ||
+                    hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(this.members, path[0], interaction, context));
         }
-        return true;
     }
     initialise() {
         this.members = getLiteralMembersForValue(this.value);
@@ -8676,6 +8573,7 @@ class MemberExpression extends NodeBase {
     constructor() {
         super(...arguments);
         this.variable = null;
+        this.assignmentDeoptimized = false;
         this.bound = false;
         this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized = [];
         this.replacement = null;
@@ -8685,7 +8583,7 @@ class MemberExpression extends NodeBase {
         const path = getPathIfNotComputed(this);
         const baseVariable = path && this.scope.findVariable(path[0].key);
         if (baseVariable && baseVariable.isNamespace) {
-            const resolvedVariable = this.resolveNamespaceVariables(baseVariable, path.slice(1));
+            const resolvedVariable = resolveNamespaceVariables(baseVariable, path.slice(1), this.context);
             if (!resolvedVariable) {
                 super.bind();
             }
@@ -8726,21 +8624,21 @@ class MemberExpression extends NodeBase {
             }
         }
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
         if (this.variable) {
-            this.variable.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+            this.variable.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
         }
         else if (!this.replacement) {
             if (path.length < MAX_PATH_DEPTH) {
-                this.object.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, [this.getPropertyKey(), ...path], thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+                this.object.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, [this.getPropertyKey(), ...path], recursionTracker);
             }
             else {
-                thisParameter.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
+                interaction.thisArg.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
             }
         }
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        if (this.variable !== null) {
+        if (this.variable) {
             return this.variable.getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
         }
         if (this.replacement) {
@@ -8752,81 +8650,62 @@ class MemberExpression extends NodeBase {
         }
         return UnknownValue;
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        if (this.variable !== null) {
-            return this.variable.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        if (this.variable) {
+            return this.variable.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
         }
         if (this.replacement) {
             return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
         }
         this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized.push(origin);
         if (path.length < MAX_PATH_DEPTH) {
-            return this.object.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath([this.getPropertyKey(), ...path], callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+            return this.object.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath([this.getPropertyKey(), ...path], interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
         }
         return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
     }
     hasEffects(context) {
         if (!this.deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        const { propertyReadSideEffects } = this.context.options
-            .treeshake;
         return (this.property.hasEffects(context) ||
             this.object.hasEffects(context) ||
-            // Assignments do not access the property before assigning
-            (!(this.variable ||
-                this.replacement ||
-                (this.parent instanceof AssignmentExpression && this.parent.operator === '=')) &&
-                propertyReadSideEffects &&
-                (propertyReadSideEffects === 'always' ||
-                    this.object.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath([this.getPropertyKey()], context))));
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        if (this.variable !== null) {
-            return this.variable.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-        }
-        if (this.replacement) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (path.length < MAX_PATH_DEPTH) {
-            return this.object.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath([this.getPropertyKey(), ...path], context);
-        }
-        return true;
+            this.hasAccessEffect(context));
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        if (this.variable !== null) {
-            return this.variable.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
-        }
-        if (this.replacement) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (path.length < MAX_PATH_DEPTH) {
-            return this.object.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath([this.getPropertyKey(), ...path], context);
-        }
-        return true;
+    hasEffectsAsAssignmentTarget(context, checkAccess) {
+        if (checkAccess && !this.deoptimized)
+            this.applyDeoptimizations();
+        if (!this.assignmentDeoptimized)
+            this.applyAssignmentDeoptimization();
+        return (this.property.hasEffects(context) ||
+            this.object.hasEffects(context) ||
+            (checkAccess && this.hasAccessEffect(context)) ||
+            this.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.assignmentInteraction, context));
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        if (this.variable !== null) {
-            return this.variable.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (this.variable) {
+            return this.variable.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
         }
         if (this.replacement) {
             return true;
         }
         if (path.length < MAX_PATH_DEPTH) {
-            return this.object.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath([this.getPropertyKey(), ...path], callOptions, context);
+            return this.object.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath([this.getPropertyKey(), ...path], interaction, context);
         }
         return true;
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
         if (!this.deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        if (!this.included) {
-            this.included = true;
-            if (this.variable !== null) {
-                this.context.includeVariableInModule(this.variable);
-            }
+        this.includeProperties(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+    }
+    includeAsAssignmentTarget(context, includeChildrenRecursively, deoptimizeAccess) {
+        if (!this.assignmentDeoptimized)
+            this.applyAssignmentDeoptimization();
+        if (deoptimizeAccess) {
+            this.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+        }
+        else {
+            this.includeProperties(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
         }
-        this.object.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
-        this.property.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
     }
     includeCallArguments(context, args) {
         if (this.variable) {
@@ -8838,6 +8717,7 @@ class MemberExpression extends NodeBase {
     }
     initialise() {
         this.propertyKey = getResolvablePropertyKey(this);
+        this.accessInteraction = { thisArg: this.object, type: INTERACTION_ACCESSED };
     }
     render(code, options, { renderedParentType, isCalleeOfRenderedParent, renderedSurroundingElement } = BLANK) {
         if (this.variable || this.replacement) {
@@ -8858,8 +8738,29 @@ class MemberExpression extends NodeBase {
             this.property.render(code, options);
         }
     }
-    applyDeoptimizations() {
-        this.deoptimized = true;
+    setAssignedValue(value) {
+        this.assignmentInteraction = {
+            args: [value],
+            thisArg: this.object,
+            type: INTERACTION_ASSIGNED
+        };
+    }
+    applyDeoptimizations() {
+        this.deoptimized = true;
+        const { propertyReadSideEffects } = this.context.options
+            .treeshake;
+        if (
+        // Namespaces are not bound and should not be deoptimized
+        this.bound &&
+            propertyReadSideEffects &&
+            !(this.variable || this.replacement)) {
+            const propertyKey = this.getPropertyKey();
+            this.object.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(this.accessInteraction, [propertyKey], SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
+            this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
+        }
+    }
+    applyAssignmentDeoptimization() {
+        this.assignmentDeoptimized = true;
         const { propertyReadSideEffects } = this.context.options
             .treeshake;
         if (
@@ -8867,13 +8768,7 @@ class MemberExpression extends NodeBase {
         this.bound &&
             propertyReadSideEffects &&
             !(this.variable || this.replacement)) {
-            // Regular Assignments do not access the property before assigning
-            if (!(this.parent instanceof AssignmentExpression && this.parent.operator === '=')) {
-                this.object.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(EVENT_ACCESSED, [this.propertyKey], this.object, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
-            }
-            if (this.parent instanceof AssignmentExpression) {
-                this.object.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(EVENT_ASSIGNED, [this.propertyKey], this.object, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
-            }
+            this.object.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(this.assignmentInteraction, [this.getPropertyKey()], SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
             this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
         }
     }
@@ -8899,28 +8794,46 @@ class MemberExpression extends NodeBase {
         }
         return this.propertyKey;
     }
-    resolveNamespaceVariables(baseVariable, path) {
-        if (path.length === 0)
-            return baseVariable;
-        if (!baseVariable.isNamespace || baseVariable instanceof ExternalVariable)
-            return null;
-        const exportName = path[0].key;
-        const variable = baseVariable.context.traceExport(exportName);
-        if (!variable) {
-            const fileName = baseVariable.context.fileName;
-            this.context.warn({
-                code: 'MISSING_EXPORT',
-                exporter: relativeId(fileName),
-                importer: relativeId(this.context.fileName),
-                message: `'${exportName}' is not exported by '${relativeId(fileName)}'`,
-                missing: exportName,
-                url: `https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#error-name-is-not-exported-by-module`
-            }, path[0].pos);
-            return 'undefined';
+    hasAccessEffect(context) {
+        const { propertyReadSideEffects } = this.context.options
+            .treeshake;
+        return (!(this.variable || this.replacement) &&
+            propertyReadSideEffects &&
+            (propertyReadSideEffects === 'always' ||
+                this.object.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath([this.getPropertyKey()], this.accessInteraction, context)));
+    }
+    includeProperties(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
+        if (!this.included) {
+            this.included = true;
+            if (this.variable) {
+                this.context.includeVariableInModule(this.variable);
+            }
         }
-        return this.resolveNamespaceVariables(variable, path.slice(1));
+        this.object.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+        this.property.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
     }
 }
+function resolveNamespaceVariables(baseVariable, path, astContext) {
+    if (path.length === 0)
+        return baseVariable;
+    if (!baseVariable.isNamespace || baseVariable instanceof ExternalVariable)
+        return null;
+    const exportName = path[0].key;
+    const variable = baseVariable.context.traceExport(exportName);
+    if (!variable) {
+        const fileName = baseVariable.context.fileName;
+        astContext.warn({
+            code: 'MISSING_EXPORT',
+            exporter: relativeId(fileName),
+            importer: relativeId(astContext.fileName),
+            message: `'${exportName}' is not exported by '${relativeId(fileName)}'`,
+            missing: exportName,
+            url: `https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#error-name-is-not-exported-by-module`
+        }, path[0].pos);
+        return 'undefined';
+    }
+    return resolveNamespaceVariables(variable, path.slice(1), astContext);
+}
 
 class CallExpressionBase extends NodeBase {
     constructor() {
@@ -8950,15 +8863,15 @@ class CallExpressionBase extends NodeBase {
             returnExpression.deoptimizePath(path);
         }
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
         const returnExpression = this.getReturnExpression(recursionTracker);
         if (returnExpression === UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION) {
-            thisParameter.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
+            interaction.thisArg.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
         }
         else {
             recursionTracker.withTrackedEntityAtPath(path, returnExpression, () => {
-                this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized.add(thisParameter);
-                returnExpression.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+                this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized.add(interaction.thisArg);
+                returnExpression.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
             }, undefined);
         }
     }
@@ -8972,27 +8885,31 @@ class CallExpressionBase extends NodeBase {
             return returnExpression.getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
         }, UnknownValue);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
         const returnExpression = this.getReturnExpression(recursionTracker);
         if (this.returnExpression === UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION) {
             return UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
         }
         return recursionTracker.withTrackedEntityAtPath(path, returnExpression, () => {
             this.deoptimizableDependentExpressions.push(origin);
-            return returnExpression.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+            return returnExpression.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
         }, UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return (!context.accessed.trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, this) &&
-            this.getReturnExpression().hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context));
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return (!context.assigned.trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, this) &&
-            this.getReturnExpression().hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context));
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        return (!(callOptions.withNew ? context.instantiated : context.called).trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, callOptions, this) &&
-            this.getReturnExpression().hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context));
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        const { type } = interaction;
+        if (type === INTERACTION_CALLED) {
+            if ((interaction.withNew
+                ? context.instantiated
+                : context.called).trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, interaction.args, this)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if ((type === INTERACTION_ASSIGNED
+            ? context.assigned
+            : context.accessed).trackEntityAtPathAndGetIfTracked(path, this)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return this.getReturnExpression().hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
     }
 }
 
@@ -9015,11 +8932,12 @@ class CallExpression extends CallExpressionBase {
                 }, this.start);
             }
         }
-        this.callOptions = {
+        this.interaction = {
             args: this.arguments,
-            thisParam: this.callee instanceof MemberExpression && !this.callee.variable
+            thisArg: this.callee instanceof MemberExpression && !this.callee.variable
                 ? this.callee.object
                 : null,
+            type: INTERACTION_CALLED,
             withNew: false
         };
     }
@@ -9033,7 +8951,7 @@ class CallExpression extends CallExpressionBase {
                 this.annotations)
                 return false;
             return (this.callee.hasEffects(context) ||
-                this.callee.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.callOptions, context));
+                this.callee.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.interaction, context));
         }
         finally {
             if (!this.deoptimized)
@@ -9053,7 +8971,7 @@ class CallExpression extends CallExpressionBase {
         }
         else {
             this.included = true;
-            this.callee.include(context, false, { includeWithoutParameterDefaults: true });
+            this.callee.include(context, false);
         }
         this.callee.includeCallArguments(context, this.arguments);
         const returnExpression = this.getReturnExpression();
@@ -9066,34 +8984,12 @@ class CallExpression extends CallExpressionBase {
             isCalleeOfRenderedParent: true,
             renderedSurroundingElement
         });
-        if (this.arguments.length > 0) {
-            if (this.arguments[this.arguments.length - 1].included) {
-                for (const arg of this.arguments) {
-                    arg.render(code, options);
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                let lastIncludedIndex = this.arguments.length - 2;
-                while (lastIncludedIndex >= 0 && !this.arguments[lastIncludedIndex].included) {
-                    lastIncludedIndex--;
-                }
-                if (lastIncludedIndex >= 0) {
-                    for (let index = 0; index <= lastIncludedIndex; index++) {
-                        this.arguments[index].render(code, options);
-                    }
-                    code.remove(findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code.original, ',', this.arguments[lastIncludedIndex].end), this.end - 1);
-                }
-                else {
-                    code.remove(findFirstOccurrenceOutsideComment(code.original, '(', this.callee.end) + 1, this.end - 1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        renderCallArguments(code, options, this);
     }
     applyDeoptimizations() {
         this.deoptimized = true;
-        const { thisParam } = this.callOptions;
-        if (thisParam) {
-            this.callee.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(EVENT_CALLED, EMPTY_PATH, thisParam, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
+        if (this.interaction.thisArg) {
+            this.callee.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(this.interaction, EMPTY_PATH, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
         }
         for (const argument of this.arguments) {
             // This will make sure all properties of parameters behave as "unknown"
@@ -9104,7 +9000,7 @@ class CallExpression extends CallExpressionBase {
     getReturnExpression(recursionTracker = SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER) {
         if (this.returnExpression === null) {
             this.returnExpression = UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
-            return (this.returnExpression = this.callee.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.callOptions, recursionTracker, this));
+            return (this.returnExpression = this.callee.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.interaction, recursionTracker, this));
         }
         return this.returnExpression;
     }
@@ -9182,11 +9078,6 @@ class MethodBase extends NodeBase {
     constructor() {
         super(...arguments);
         this.accessedValue = null;
-        this.accessorCallOptions = {
-            args: NO_ARGS,
-            thisParam: null,
-            withNew: false
-        };
     }
     // As getter properties directly receive their values from fixed function
     // expressions, there is no known situation where a getter is deoptimized.
@@ -9194,45 +9085,60 @@ class MethodBase extends NodeBase {
     deoptimizePath(path) {
         this.getAccessedValue().deoptimizePath(path);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        if (event === EVENT_ACCESSED && this.kind === 'get' && path.length === 0) {
-            return this.value.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(EVENT_CALLED, EMPTY_PATH, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_ACCESSED && this.kind === 'get' && path.length === 0) {
+            return this.value.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath({
+                args: NO_ARGS,
+                thisArg: interaction.thisArg,
+                type: INTERACTION_CALLED,
+                withNew: false
+            }, EMPTY_PATH, recursionTracker);
         }
-        if (event === EVENT_ASSIGNED && this.kind === 'set' && path.length === 0) {
-            return this.value.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(EVENT_CALLED, EMPTY_PATH, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_ASSIGNED && this.kind === 'set' && path.length === 0) {
+            return this.value.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath({
+                args: interaction.args,
+                thisArg: interaction.thisArg,
+                type: INTERACTION_CALLED,
+                withNew: false
+            }, EMPTY_PATH, recursionTracker);
         }
-        this.getAccessedValue().deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+        this.getAccessedValue().deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         return this.getAccessedValue().getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.getAccessedValue().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return this.getAccessedValue().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
     hasEffects(context) {
         return this.key.hasEffects(context);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        if (this.kind === 'get' && path.length === 0) {
-            return this.value.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.accessorCallOptions, context);
-        }
-        return this.getAccessedValue().hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        if (this.kind === 'set') {
-            return this.value.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.accessorCallOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (this.kind === 'get' && interaction.type === INTERACTION_ACCESSED && path.length === 0) {
+            return this.value.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, {
+                args: NO_ARGS,
+                thisArg: interaction.thisArg,
+                type: INTERACTION_CALLED,
+                withNew: false
+            }, context);
+        }
+        // setters are only called for empty paths
+        if (this.kind === 'set' && interaction.type === INTERACTION_ASSIGNED) {
+            return this.value.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, {
+                args: interaction.args,
+                thisArg: interaction.thisArg,
+                type: INTERACTION_CALLED,
+                withNew: false
+            }, context);
         }
-        return this.getAccessedValue().hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        return this.getAccessedValue().hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
+        return this.getAccessedValue().hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
     }
     applyDeoptimizations() { }
     getAccessedValue() {
         if (this.accessedValue === null) {
             if (this.kind === 'get') {
                 this.accessedValue = UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
-                return (this.accessedValue = this.value.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.accessorCallOptions, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER, this));
+                return (this.accessedValue = this.value.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_CALL, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER, this));
             }
             else {
                 return (this.accessedValue = this.value);
@@ -9246,41 +9152,6 @@ class MethodDefinition extends MethodBase {
     applyDeoptimizations() { }
 }
 
-class PropertyDefinition extends NodeBase {
-    deoptimizePath(path) {
-        var _a;
-        (_a = this.value) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizePath(path);
-    }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        var _a;
-        (_a = this.value) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
-    }
-    getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.value
-            ? this.value.getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin)
-            : UnknownValue;
-    }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.value
-            ? this.value.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin)
-            : UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
-    }
-    hasEffects(context) {
-        var _a;
-        return this.key.hasEffects(context) || (this.static && !!((_a = this.value) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffects(context)));
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return !this.value || this.value.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return !this.value || this.value.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        return !this.value || this.value.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
-    }
-    applyDeoptimizations() { }
-}
-
 class ObjectMember extends ExpressionEntity {
     constructor(object, key) {
         super();
@@ -9290,23 +9161,17 @@ class ObjectMember extends ExpressionEntity {
     deoptimizePath(path) {
         this.object.deoptimizePath([this.key, ...path]);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.object.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, [this.key, ...path], thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        this.object.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, [this.key, ...path], recursionTracker);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         return this.object.getLiteralValueAtPath([this.key, ...path], recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.object.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath([this.key, ...path], callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return this.object.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath([this.key, ...path], interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.object.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath([this.key, ...path], context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.object.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath([this.key, ...path], context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        return this.object.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath([this.key, ...path], callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        return this.object.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath([this.key, ...path], interaction, context);
     }
 }
 
@@ -9322,23 +9187,16 @@ class ClassNode extends NodeBase {
         this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizeAllProperties();
     }
     deoptimizePath(path) {
-        var _a, _b;
         this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizePath(path);
-        if (path.length === 1 && path[0] === UnknownKey) {
-            // A reassignment of UNKNOWN_PATH is considered equivalent to having lost track
-            // which means the constructor needs to be reassigned
-            (_a = this.classConstructor) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
-            (_b = this.superClass) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
-        }
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         return this.getObjectEntity().getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return this.getObjectEntity().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
     hasEffects(context) {
         var _a, _b;
@@ -9348,23 +9206,17 @@ class ClassNode extends NodeBase {
         (_b = this.id) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.markDeclarationReached();
         return initEffect || super.hasEffects(context);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
         var _a;
-        if (path.length === 0) {
-            return (!callOptions.withNew ||
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED && path.length === 0) {
+            return (!interaction.withNew ||
                 (this.classConstructor !== null
-                    ? this.classConstructor.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, callOptions, context)
-                    : (_a = this.superClass) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context)) ||
+                    ? this.classConstructor.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context)
+                    : (_a = this.superClass) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context)) ||
                 false);
         }
         else {
-            return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
+            return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
         }
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
@@ -9391,7 +9243,6 @@ class ClassNode extends NodeBase {
         this.classConstructor = null;
     }
     applyDeoptimizations() {
-        var _a, _b;
         this.deoptimized = true;
         for (const definition of this.body.body) {
             if (!(definition.static ||
@@ -9399,11 +9250,7 @@ class ClassNode extends NodeBase {
                 // Calls to methods are not tracked, ensure that the return value is deoptimized
                 definition.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
             }
-            else if (definition instanceof PropertyDefinition) {
-                (_a = definition.value) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizeCallParameters();
-            }
         }
-        (_b = this.superClass) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.deoptimizeCallParameters();
         this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
     }
     getObjectEntity() {
@@ -9490,26 +9337,12 @@ class MultiExpression extends ExpressionEntity {
             expression.deoptimizePath(path);
         }
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return new MultiExpression(this.expressions.map(expression => expression.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin)));
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        for (const expression of this.expressions) {
-            if (expression.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context))
-                return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        for (const expression of this.expressions) {
-            if (expression.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context))
-                return true;
-        }
-        return false;
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return new MultiExpression(this.expressions.map(expression => expression.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin)));
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
         for (const expression of this.expressions) {
-            if (expression.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context))
+            if (expression.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context))
                 return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -9552,9 +9385,9 @@ class ConditionalExpression extends NodeBase {
             usedBranch.deoptimizePath(path);
         }
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.consequent.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
-        this.alternate.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        this.consequent.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
+        this.alternate.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
@@ -9563,15 +9396,15 @@ class ConditionalExpression extends NodeBase {
         this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized.push(origin);
         return usedBranch.getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
         const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
         if (!usedBranch)
             return new MultiExpression([
-                this.consequent.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin),
-                this.alternate.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin)
+                this.consequent.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin),
+                this.alternate.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin)
             ]);
         this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized.push(origin);
-        return usedBranch.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+        return usedBranch.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
     hasEffects(context) {
         if (this.test.hasEffects(context))
@@ -9582,29 +9415,13 @@ class ConditionalExpression extends NodeBase {
         }
         return usedBranch.hasEffects(context);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
-        if (!usedBranch) {
-            return (this.consequent.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) ||
-                this.alternate.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context));
-        }
-        return usedBranch.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
-        if (!usedBranch) {
-            return (this.consequent.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) ||
-                this.alternate.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context));
-        }
-        return usedBranch.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
         const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
         if (!usedBranch) {
-            return (this.consequent.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) ||
-                this.alternate.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context));
+            return (this.consequent.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) ||
+                this.alternate.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context));
         }
-        return usedBranch.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
+        return usedBranch.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
         this.included = true;
@@ -9737,9 +9554,6 @@ class ExportAllDeclaration extends NodeBase {
 ExportAllDeclaration.prototype.needsBoundaries = true;
 
 class FunctionDeclaration extends FunctionNode {
-    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
-        super.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, { includeWithoutParameterDefaults: true });
-    }
     initialise() {
         super.initialise();
         if (this.id !== null) {
@@ -9878,12 +9692,10 @@ class ForInStatement extends NodeBase {
         this.scope = new BlockScope(parentScope);
     }
     hasEffects(context) {
-        if (!this.deoptimized)
+        const { deoptimized, left, right } = this;
+        if (!deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        if ((this.left &&
-            (this.left.hasEffects(context) ||
-                this.left.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, context))) ||
-            (this.right && this.right.hasEffects(context)))
+        if (left.hasEffectsAsAssignmentTarget(context, false) || right.hasEffects(context))
             return true;
         const { brokenFlow, ignore: { breaks, continues } } = context;
         context.ignore.breaks = true;
@@ -9896,15 +9708,19 @@ class ForInStatement extends NodeBase {
         return false;
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
-        if (!this.deoptimized)
+        const { body, deoptimized, left, right } = this;
+        if (!deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
         this.included = true;
-        this.left.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively || true);
-        this.right.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+        left.includeAsAssignmentTarget(context, includeChildrenRecursively || true, false);
+        right.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
         const { brokenFlow } = context;
-        this.body.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, { asSingleStatement: true });
+        body.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, { asSingleStatement: true });
         context.brokenFlow = brokenFlow;
     }
+    initialise() {
+        this.left.setAssignedValue(UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
+    }
     render(code, options) {
         this.left.render(code, options, NO_SEMICOLON);
         this.right.render(code, options, NO_SEMICOLON);
@@ -9932,15 +9748,19 @@ class ForOfStatement extends NodeBase {
         return true;
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
-        if (!this.deoptimized)
+        const { body, deoptimized, left, right } = this;
+        if (!deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
         this.included = true;
-        this.left.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively || true);
-        this.right.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
+        left.includeAsAssignmentTarget(context, includeChildrenRecursively || true, false);
+        right.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
         const { brokenFlow } = context;
-        this.body.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, { asSingleStatement: true });
+        body.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, { asSingleStatement: true });
         context.brokenFlow = brokenFlow;
     }
+    initialise() {
+        this.left.setAssignedValue(UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
+    }
     render(code, options) {
         this.left.render(code, options, NO_SEMICOLON);
         this.right.render(code, options, NO_SEMICOLON);
@@ -10625,13 +10445,16 @@ class LogicalExpression extends NodeBase {
         this.usedBranch = null;
     }
     deoptimizeCache() {
-        if (this.usedBranch !== null) {
+        if (this.usedBranch) {
             const unusedBranch = this.usedBranch === this.left ? this.right : this.left;
             this.usedBranch = null;
             unusedBranch.deoptimizePath(UNKNOWN_PATH);
             for (const expression of this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized) {
                 expression.deoptimizeCache();
             }
+            // Request another pass because we need to ensure "include" runs again if
+            // it is rendered
+            this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
         }
     }
     deoptimizePath(path) {
@@ -10644,9 +10467,9 @@ class LogicalExpression extends NodeBase {
             usedBranch.deoptimizePath(path);
         }
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.left.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
-        this.right.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        this.left.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
+        this.right.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
@@ -10655,15 +10478,15 @@ class LogicalExpression extends NodeBase {
         this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized.push(origin);
         return usedBranch.getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
         const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
         if (!usedBranch)
             return new MultiExpression([
-                this.left.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin),
-                this.right.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin)
+                this.left.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin),
+                this.right.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin)
             ]);
         this.expressionsToBeDeoptimized.push(origin);
-        return usedBranch.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
+        return usedBranch.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
     hasEffects(context) {
         if (this.left.hasEffects(context)) {
@@ -10674,29 +10497,13 @@ class LogicalExpression extends NodeBase {
         }
         return false;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
-        if (!usedBranch) {
-            return (this.left.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) ||
-                this.right.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context));
-        }
-        return usedBranch.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
-        if (!usedBranch) {
-            return (this.left.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) ||
-                this.right.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context));
-        }
-        return usedBranch.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
         const usedBranch = this.getUsedBranch();
         if (!usedBranch) {
-            return (this.left.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) ||
-                this.right.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context));
+            return (this.left.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) ||
+                this.right.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context));
         }
-        return usedBranch.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
+        return usedBranch.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
         this.included = true;
@@ -10786,8 +10593,8 @@ class MetaProperty extends NodeBase {
     hasEffects() {
         return false;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, { type }) {
+        return path.length > 1 || type !== INTERACTION_ACCESSED;
     }
     include() {
         if (!this.included) {
@@ -10932,18 +10739,19 @@ class NewExpression extends NodeBase {
                     return true;
             }
             if (this.context.options.treeshake.annotations &&
-                this.annotations)
+                this.annotations) {
                 return false;
+            }
             return (this.callee.hasEffects(context) ||
-                this.callee.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.callOptions, context));
+                this.callee.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.interaction, context));
         }
         finally {
             if (!this.deoptimized)
                 this.applyDeoptimizations();
         }
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 0;
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, { type }) {
+        return path.length > 0 || type !== INTERACTION_ACCESSED;
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
         if (!this.deoptimized)
@@ -10958,12 +10766,17 @@ class NewExpression extends NodeBase {
         this.callee.includeCallArguments(context, this.arguments);
     }
     initialise() {
-        this.callOptions = {
+        this.interaction = {
             args: this.arguments,
-            thisParam: null,
+            thisArg: null,
+            type: INTERACTION_CALLED,
             withNew: true
         };
     }
+    render(code, options) {
+        this.callee.render(code, options);
+        renderCallArguments(code, options, this);
+    }
     applyDeoptimizations() {
         this.deoptimized = true;
         for (const argument of this.arguments) {
@@ -10974,42 +10787,6 @@ class NewExpression extends NodeBase {
     }
 }
 
-class Property extends MethodBase {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this.declarationInit = null;
-    }
-    declare(kind, init) {
-        this.declarationInit = init;
-        return this.value.declare(kind, UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
-    }
-    hasEffects(context) {
-        if (!this.deoptimized)
-            this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        const propertyReadSideEffects = this.context.options.treeshake
-            .propertyReadSideEffects;
-        return ((this.parent.type === 'ObjectPattern' && propertyReadSideEffects === 'always') ||
-            this.key.hasEffects(context) ||
-            this.value.hasEffects(context));
-    }
-    markDeclarationReached() {
-        this.value.markDeclarationReached();
-    }
-    render(code, options) {
-        if (!this.shorthand) {
-            this.key.render(code, options);
-        }
-        this.value.render(code, options, { isShorthandProperty: this.shorthand });
-    }
-    applyDeoptimizations() {
-        this.deoptimized = true;
-        if (this.declarationInit !== null) {
-            this.declarationInit.deoptimizePath([UnknownKey, UnknownKey]);
-            this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 class ObjectExpression extends NodeBase {
     constructor() {
         super(...arguments);
@@ -11021,23 +10798,17 @@ class ObjectExpression extends NodeBase {
     deoptimizePath(path) {
         this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizePath(path);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        this.getObjectEntity().deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         return this.getObjectEntity().getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, recursionTracker, origin);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return this.getObjectEntity().getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        return this.getObjectEntity().hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
     }
     render(code, options, { renderedSurroundingElement } = BLANK) {
         super.render(code, options);
@@ -11047,14 +10818,7 @@ class ObjectExpression extends NodeBase {
             code.prependLeft(this.end, ')');
         }
     }
-    applyDeoptimizations() {
-        this.deoptimized = true;
-        for (const property of this.properties) {
-            if (property instanceof Property) {
-                property.value.deoptimizeCallParameters();
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    applyDeoptimizations() { }
     getObjectEntity() {
         if (this.objectEntity !== null) {
             return this.objectEntity;
@@ -11134,6 +10898,71 @@ class Program extends NodeBase {
     applyDeoptimizations() { }
 }
 
+class Property extends MethodBase {
+    constructor() {
+        super(...arguments);
+        this.declarationInit = null;
+    }
+    declare(kind, init) {
+        this.declarationInit = init;
+        return this.value.declare(kind, UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
+    }
+    hasEffects(context) {
+        if (!this.deoptimized)
+            this.applyDeoptimizations();
+        const propertyReadSideEffects = this.context.options.treeshake
+            .propertyReadSideEffects;
+        return ((this.parent.type === 'ObjectPattern' && propertyReadSideEffects === 'always') ||
+            this.key.hasEffects(context) ||
+            this.value.hasEffects(context));
+    }
+    markDeclarationReached() {
+        this.value.markDeclarationReached();
+    }
+    render(code, options) {
+        if (!this.shorthand) {
+            this.key.render(code, options);
+        }
+        this.value.render(code, options, { isShorthandProperty: this.shorthand });
+    }
+    applyDeoptimizations() {
+        this.deoptimized = true;
+        if (this.declarationInit !== null) {
+            this.declarationInit.deoptimizePath([UnknownKey, UnknownKey]);
+            this.context.requestTreeshakingPass();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+class PropertyDefinition extends NodeBase {
+    deoptimizePath(path) {
+        var _a;
+        (_a = this.value) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizePath(path);
+    }
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        var _a;
+        (_a = this.value) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
+    }
+    getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return this.value
+            ? this.value.getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin)
+            : UnknownValue;
+    }
+    getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin) {
+        return this.value
+            ? this.value.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(path, interaction, recursionTracker, origin)
+            : UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
+    }
+    hasEffects(context) {
+        var _a;
+        return this.key.hasEffects(context) || (this.static && !!((_a = this.value) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffects(context)));
+    }
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        return !this.value || this.value.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
+    }
+    applyDeoptimizations() { }
+}
+
 class ReturnStatement extends NodeBase {
     hasEffects(context) {
         var _a;
@@ -11165,8 +10994,8 @@ class SequenceExpression extends NodeBase {
     deoptimizePath(path) {
         this.expressions[this.expressions.length - 1].deoptimizePath(path);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.expressions[this.expressions.length - 1].deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        this.expressions[this.expressions.length - 1].deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin) {
         return this.expressions[this.expressions.length - 1].getLiteralValueAtPath(path, recursionTracker, origin);
@@ -11178,15 +11007,8 @@ class SequenceExpression extends NodeBase {
         }
         return false;
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return (path.length > 0 &&
-            this.expressions[this.expressions.length - 1].hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context));
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.expressions[this.expressions.length - 1].hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        return this.expressions[this.expressions.length - 1].hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        return this.expressions[this.expressions.length - 1].hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
         this.included = true;
@@ -11265,8 +11087,8 @@ class Super extends NodeBase {
     deoptimizePath(path) {
         this.variable.deoptimizePath(path);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.variable.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker);
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
+        this.variable.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
     include() {
         if (!this.included) {
@@ -11406,7 +11228,7 @@ class TaggedTemplateExpression extends CallExpressionBase {
                     return true;
             }
             return (this.tag.hasEffects(context) ||
-                this.tag.hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.callOptions, context));
+                this.tag.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.interaction, context));
         }
         finally {
             if (!this.deoptimized)
@@ -11424,16 +11246,17 @@ class TaggedTemplateExpression extends CallExpressionBase {
             this.tag.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
             this.quasi.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
         }
-        this.tag.includeCallArguments(context, this.callOptions.args);
+        this.tag.includeCallArguments(context, this.interaction.args);
         const returnExpression = this.getReturnExpression();
         if (!returnExpression.included) {
             returnExpression.include(context, false);
         }
     }
     initialise() {
-        this.callOptions = {
+        this.interaction = {
             args: [UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION, ...this.quasi.expressions],
-            thisParam: this.tag instanceof MemberExpression && !this.tag.variable ? this.tag.object : null,
+            thisArg: this.tag instanceof MemberExpression && !this.tag.variable ? this.tag.object : null,
+            type: INTERACTION_CALLED,
             withNew: false
         };
     }
@@ -11443,9 +11266,8 @@ class TaggedTemplateExpression extends CallExpressionBase {
     }
     applyDeoptimizations() {
         this.deoptimized = true;
-        const { thisParam } = this.callOptions;
-        if (thisParam) {
-            this.tag.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(EVENT_CALLED, EMPTY_PATH, thisParam, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
+        if (this.interaction.thisArg) {
+            this.tag.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(this.interaction, EMPTY_PATH, SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER);
         }
         for (const argument of this.quasi.expressions) {
             // This will make sure all properties of parameters behave as "unknown"
@@ -11456,7 +11278,7 @@ class TaggedTemplateExpression extends CallExpressionBase {
     getReturnExpression(recursionTracker = SHARED_RECURSION_TRACKER) {
         if (this.returnExpression === null) {
             this.returnExpression = UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION;
-            return (this.returnExpression = this.tag.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.callOptions, recursionTracker, this));
+            return (this.returnExpression = this.tag.getReturnExpressionWhenCalledAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, this.interaction, recursionTracker, this));
         }
         return this.returnExpression;
     }
@@ -11479,7 +11301,7 @@ class TemplateElement extends NodeBase {
 }
 
 class TemplateLiteral extends NodeBase {
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath() { }
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath() { }
     getLiteralValueAtPath(path) {
         if (path.length > 0 || this.quasis.length !== 1) {
             return UnknownValue;
@@ -11492,12 +11314,12 @@ class TemplateLiteral extends NodeBase {
         }
         return getMemberReturnExpressionWhenCalled(literalStringMembers, path[0]);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenCalledAtPath(path, callOptions, context) {
-        if (path.length === 1) {
-            return hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(literalStringMembers, path[0], callOptions, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_ACCESSED) {
+            return path.length > 1;
+        }
+        if (interaction.type === INTERACTION_CALLED && path.length === 1) {
+            return hasMemberEffectWhenCalled(literalStringMembers, path[0], interaction, context);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -11625,16 +11447,15 @@ class ThisExpression extends NodeBase {
     deoptimizePath(path) {
         this.variable.deoptimizePath(path);
     }
-    deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, thisParameter, recursionTracker) {
-        this.variable.deoptimizeThisOnEventAtPath(event, path, 
+    deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction, path, recursionTracker) {
         // We rewrite the parameter so that a ThisVariable can detect self-mutations
-        thisParameter === this ? this.variable : thisParameter, recursionTracker);
-    }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return path.length > 0 && this.variable.hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path, context);
+        this.variable.deoptimizeThisOnInteractionAtPath(interaction.thisArg === this ? { ...interaction, thisArg: this.variable } : interaction, path, recursionTracker);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context) {
-        return this.variable.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(path, context);
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context) {
+        if (path.length === 0) {
+            return interaction.type !== INTERACTION_ACCESSED;
+        }
+        return this.variable.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, interaction, context);
     }
     include() {
         if (!this.included) {
@@ -11743,13 +11564,10 @@ class UnaryExpression extends NodeBase {
             return false;
         return (this.argument.hasEffects(context) ||
             (this.operator === 'delete' &&
-                this.argument.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, context)));
+                this.argument.hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, NODE_INTERACTION_UNKNOWN_ASSIGNMENT, context)));
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        if (this.operator === 'void') {
-            return path.length > 0;
-        }
-        return path.length > 1;
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, { type }) {
+        return type !== INTERACTION_ACCESSED || path.length > (this.operator === 'void' ? 0 : 1);
     }
     applyDeoptimizations() {
         this.deoptimized = true;
@@ -11773,11 +11591,19 @@ class UpdateExpression extends NodeBase {
     hasEffects(context) {
         if (!this.deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        return (this.argument.hasEffects(context) ||
-            this.argument.hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath(EMPTY_PATH, context));
+        return this.argument.hasEffectsAsAssignmentTarget(context, true);
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAccessedAtPath(path) {
-        return path.length > 1;
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath(path, { type }) {
+        return path.length > 1 || type !== INTERACTION_ACCESSED;
+    }
+    include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
+        if (!this.deoptimized)
+            this.applyDeoptimizations();
+        this.included = true;
+        this.argument.includeAsAssignmentTarget(context, includeChildrenRecursively, true);
+    }
+    initialise() {
+        this.argument.setAssignedValue(UNKNOWN_EXPRESSION);
     }
     render(code, options) {
         const { exportNamesByVariable, format, snippets: { _ } } = options;
@@ -11839,7 +11665,7 @@ class VariableDeclaration extends NodeBase {
             declarator.deoptimizePath(EMPTY_PATH);
         }
     }
-    hasEffectsWhenAssignedAtPath() {
+    hasEffectsOnInteractionAtPath() {
         return false;
     }
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, { asSingleStatement } = BLANK) {
@@ -12002,9 +11828,7 @@ class VariableDeclarator extends NodeBase {
     include(context, includeChildrenRecursively) {
         var _a;
         this.included = true;
-        (_a = this.init) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively, {
-            includeWithoutParameterDefaults: true
-        });
+        (_a = this.init) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
         this.id.markDeclarationReached();
         if (includeChildrenRecursively || this.id.shouldBeIncluded(context)) {
             this.id.include(context, includeChildrenRecursively);
@@ -12059,7 +11883,7 @@ class YieldExpression extends NodeBase {
         var _a;
         if (!this.deoptimized)
             this.applyDeoptimizations();
-        return !context.ignore.returnYield || !!((_a = this.argument) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffects(context));
+        return !(context.ignore.returnYield && !((_a = this.argument) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.hasEffects(context)));
     }
     render(code, options) {
         if (this.argument) {