rocksdb-native 0.0.0 → 0.0.2

package/vendor/rocksdb/java/benchmark/src/main/java/org/rocksdb/benchmark/DbBenchmark.java

@@ -1,1640 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-/**
- * Copyright (C) 2011 the original author or authors.
- * See the notice.md file distributed with this work for additional
- * information regarding copyright ownership.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.rocksdb.benchmark;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.lang.Runnable;
-import java.lang.Math;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.EnumMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Random;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
-import java.util.concurrent.Future;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import org.rocksdb.*;
-import org.rocksdb.RocksMemEnv;
-import org.rocksdb.util.SizeUnit;
-
-class Stats {
-  int id_;
-  long start_;
-  long finish_;
-  double seconds_;
-  long done_;
-  long found_;
-  long lastOpTime_;
-  long nextReport_;
-  long bytes_;
-  StringBuilder message_;
-  boolean excludeFromMerge_;
-
-  // TODO(yhchiang): use the following arguments:
-  //   (Long)Flag.stats_interval
-  //   (Integer)Flag.stats_per_interval
-
-  Stats(int id) {
-    id_ = id;
-    nextReport_ = 100;
-    done_ = 0;
-    bytes_ = 0;
-    seconds_ = 0;
-    start_ = System.nanoTime();
-    lastOpTime_ = start_;
-    finish_ = start_;
-    found_ = 0;
-    message_ = new StringBuilder("");
-    excludeFromMerge_ = false;
-  }
-
-  void merge(final Stats other) {
-    if (other.excludeFromMerge_) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    done_ += other.done_;
-    found_ += other.found_;
-    bytes_ += other.bytes_;
-    seconds_ += other.seconds_;
-    if (other.start_ < start_) start_ = other.start_;
-    if (other.finish_ > finish_) finish_ = other.finish_;
-
-    // Just keep the messages from one thread
-    if (message_.length() == 0) {
-      message_ = other.message_;
-    }
-  }
-
-  void stop() {
-    finish_ = System.nanoTime();
-    seconds_ = (double) (finish_ - start_) * 1e-9;
-  }
-
-  void addMessage(String msg) {
-    if (message_.length() > 0) {
-      message_.append(" ");
-    }
-    message_.append(msg);
-  }
-
-  void setId(int id) { id_ = id; }
-  void setExcludeFromMerge() { excludeFromMerge_ = true; }
-
-  void finishedSingleOp(int bytes) {
-    done_++;
-    lastOpTime_ = System.nanoTime();
-    bytes_ += bytes;
-    if (done_ >= nextReport_) {
-      if (nextReport_ < 1000) {
-        nextReport_ += 100;
-      } else if (nextReport_ < 5000) {
-        nextReport_ += 500;
-      } else if (nextReport_ < 10000) {
-        nextReport_ += 1000;
-      } else if (nextReport_ < 50000) {
-        nextReport_ += 5000;
-      } else if (nextReport_ < 100000) {
-        nextReport_ += 10000;
-      } else if (nextReport_ < 500000) {
-        nextReport_ += 50000;
-      } else {
-        nextReport_ += 100000;
-      }
-      System.err.printf("... Task %s finished %d ops%30s\r", id_, done_, "");
-    }
-  }
-
-  void report(String name) {
-    // Pretend at least one op was done in case we are running a benchmark
-    // that does not call FinishedSingleOp().
-    if (done_ < 1) done_ = 1;
-
-    StringBuilder extra = new StringBuilder("");
-    if (bytes_ > 0) {
-      // Rate is computed on actual elapsed time, not the sum of per-thread
-      // elapsed times.
-      double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-9;
-      extra.append(String.format("%6.1f MB/s", (bytes_ / 1048576.0) / elapsed));
-    }
-    extra.append(message_.toString());
-    double elapsed = (finish_ - start_);
-    double throughput = (double) done_ / (elapsed * 1e-9);
-
-    System.out.format("%-12s : %11.3f micros/op %d ops/sec;%s%s\n",
-            name, (elapsed * 1e-6) / done_,
-            (long) throughput, (extra.length() == 0 ? "" : " "), extra.toString());
-  }
-}
-
-public class DbBenchmark {
-  enum Order {
-    SEQUENTIAL,
-    RANDOM
-  }
-
-  enum DBState {
-    FRESH,
-    EXISTING
-  }
-
-  static {
-    RocksDB.loadLibrary();
-  }
-
-  abstract class BenchmarkTask implements Callable<Stats> {
-    // TODO(yhchiang): use (Integer)Flag.perf_level.
-    public BenchmarkTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange) {
-      tid_ = tid;
-      rand_ = new Random(randSeed + tid * 1000);
-      numEntries_ = numEntries;
-      keyRange_ = keyRange;
-      stats_ = new Stats(tid);
-    }
-
-    @Override public Stats call() throws RocksDBException {
-      stats_.start_ = System.nanoTime();
-      runTask();
-      stats_.finish_ = System.nanoTime();
-      return stats_;
-    }
-
-    abstract protected void runTask() throws RocksDBException;
-
-    protected int tid_;
-    protected Random rand_;
-    protected long numEntries_;
-    protected long keyRange_;
-    protected Stats stats_;
-
-    protected void getFixedKey(byte[] key, long sn) {
-      generateKeyFromLong(key, sn);
-    }
-
-    protected void getRandomKey(byte[] key, long range) {
-      generateKeyFromLong(key, Math.abs(rand_.nextLong() % range));
-    }
-  }
-
-  abstract class WriteTask extends BenchmarkTask {
-    public WriteTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange,
-        WriteOptions writeOpt, long entriesPerBatch) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange);
-      writeOpt_ = writeOpt;
-      entriesPerBatch_ = entriesPerBatch;
-      maxWritesPerSecond_ = -1;
-    }
-
-    public WriteTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange,
-        WriteOptions writeOpt, long entriesPerBatch, long maxWritesPerSecond) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange);
-      writeOpt_ = writeOpt;
-      entriesPerBatch_ = entriesPerBatch;
-      maxWritesPerSecond_ = maxWritesPerSecond;
-    }
-
-    @Override public void runTask() throws RocksDBException {
-      if (numEntries_ != DbBenchmark.this.num_) {
-        stats_.message_.append(String.format(" (%d ops)", numEntries_));
-      }
-      byte[] key = new byte[keySize_];
-      byte[] value = new byte[valueSize_];
-
-      try {
-        if (entriesPerBatch_ == 1) {
-          for (long i = 0; i < numEntries_; ++i) {
-            getKey(key, i, keyRange_);
-            DbBenchmark.this.gen_.generate(value);
-            db_.put(writeOpt_, key, value);
-            stats_.finishedSingleOp(keySize_ + valueSize_);
-            writeRateControl(i);
-            if (isFinished()) {
-              return;
-            }
-          }
-        } else {
-          for (long i = 0; i < numEntries_; i += entriesPerBatch_) {
-            WriteBatch batch = new WriteBatch();
-            for (long j = 0; j < entriesPerBatch_; j++) {
-              getKey(key, i + j, keyRange_);
-              DbBenchmark.this.gen_.generate(value);
-              batch.put(key, value);
-              stats_.finishedSingleOp(keySize_ + valueSize_);
-            }
-            db_.write(writeOpt_, batch);
-            batch.dispose();
-            writeRateControl(i);
-            if (isFinished()) {
-              return;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-        // thread has been terminated.
-      }
-    }
-
-    protected void writeRateControl(long writeCount)
-        throws InterruptedException {
-      if (maxWritesPerSecond_ <= 0) return;
-      long minInterval =
-          writeCount * TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(1) / maxWritesPerSecond_;
-      long interval = System.nanoTime() - stats_.start_;
-      if (minInterval - interval > TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(1)) {
-        TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.sleep(minInterval - interval);
-      }
-    }
-
-    abstract protected void getKey(byte[] key, long id, long range);
-    protected WriteOptions writeOpt_;
-    protected long entriesPerBatch_;
-    protected long maxWritesPerSecond_;
-  }
-
-  class WriteSequentialTask extends WriteTask {
-    public WriteSequentialTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange,
-        WriteOptions writeOpt, long entriesPerBatch) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange,
-            writeOpt, entriesPerBatch);
-    }
-    public WriteSequentialTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange,
-        WriteOptions writeOpt, long entriesPerBatch,
-        long maxWritesPerSecond) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange,
-            writeOpt, entriesPerBatch,
-            maxWritesPerSecond);
-    }
-    @Override protected void getKey(byte[] key, long id, long range) {
-      getFixedKey(key, id);
-    }
-  }
-
-  class WriteRandomTask extends WriteTask {
-    public WriteRandomTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange,
-        WriteOptions writeOpt, long entriesPerBatch) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange,
-            writeOpt, entriesPerBatch);
-    }
-    public WriteRandomTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange,
-        WriteOptions writeOpt, long entriesPerBatch,
-        long maxWritesPerSecond) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange,
-            writeOpt, entriesPerBatch,
-            maxWritesPerSecond);
-    }
-    @Override protected void getKey(byte[] key, long id, long range) {
-      getRandomKey(key, range);
-    }
-  }
-
-  class WriteUniqueRandomTask extends WriteTask {
-    static final int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 10000000;
-    public WriteUniqueRandomTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange,
-        WriteOptions writeOpt, long entriesPerBatch) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange,
-            writeOpt, entriesPerBatch);
-      initRandomKeySequence();
-    }
-    public WriteUniqueRandomTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange,
-        WriteOptions writeOpt, long entriesPerBatch,
-        long maxWritesPerSecond) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange,
-            writeOpt, entriesPerBatch,
-            maxWritesPerSecond);
-      initRandomKeySequence();
-    }
-    @Override protected void getKey(byte[] key, long id, long range) {
-      generateKeyFromLong(key, nextUniqueRandom());
-    }
-
-    protected void initRandomKeySequence() {
-      bufferSize_ = MAX_BUFFER_SIZE;
-      if (bufferSize_ > keyRange_) {
-        bufferSize_ = (int) keyRange_;
-      }
-      currentKeyCount_ = bufferSize_;
-      keyBuffer_ = new long[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];
-      for (int k = 0; k < bufferSize_; ++k) {
-        keyBuffer_[k] = k;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Semi-randomly return the next unique key.  It is guaranteed to be
-     * fully random if keyRange_ <= MAX_BUFFER_SIZE.
-     */
-    long nextUniqueRandom() {
-      if (bufferSize_ == 0) {
-        System.err.println("bufferSize_ == 0.");
-        return 0;
-      }
-      int r = rand_.nextInt(bufferSize_);
-      // randomly pick one from the keyBuffer
-      long randKey = keyBuffer_[r];
-      if (currentKeyCount_ < keyRange_) {
-        // if we have not yet inserted all keys, insert next new key to [r].
-        keyBuffer_[r] = currentKeyCount_++;
-      } else {
-        // move the last element to [r] and decrease the size by 1.
-        keyBuffer_[r] = keyBuffer_[--bufferSize_];
-      }
-      return randKey;
-    }
-
-    int bufferSize_;
-    long currentKeyCount_;
-    long[] keyBuffer_;
-  }
-
-  class ReadRandomTask extends BenchmarkTask {
-    public ReadRandomTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange);
-    }
-    @Override public void runTask() throws RocksDBException {
-      byte[] key = new byte[keySize_];
-      byte[] value = new byte[valueSize_];
-      for (long i = 0; i < numEntries_; i++) {
-        getRandomKey(key, keyRange_);
-        int len = db_.get(key, value);
-        if (len != RocksDB.NOT_FOUND) {
-          stats_.found_++;
-          stats_.finishedSingleOp(keySize_ + valueSize_);
-        } else {
-          stats_.finishedSingleOp(keySize_);
-        }
-        if (isFinished()) {
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  class ReadSequentialTask extends BenchmarkTask {
-    public ReadSequentialTask(
-        int tid, long randSeed, long numEntries, long keyRange) {
-      super(tid, randSeed, numEntries, keyRange);
-    }
-    @Override public void runTask() throws RocksDBException {
-      RocksIterator iter = db_.newIterator();
-      long i;
-      for (iter.seekToFirst(), i = 0;
-           iter.isValid() && i < numEntries_;
-           iter.next(), ++i) {
-        stats_.found_++;
-        stats_.finishedSingleOp(iter.key().length + iter.value().length);
-        if (isFinished()) {
-          iter.dispose();
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-      iter.dispose();
-    }
-  }
-
-  public DbBenchmark(Map<Flag, Object> flags) throws Exception {
-    benchmarks_ = (List<String>) flags.get(Flag.benchmarks);
-    num_ = (Integer) flags.get(Flag.num);
-    threadNum_ = (Integer) flags.get(Flag.threads);
-    reads_ = (Integer) (flags.get(Flag.reads) == null ?
-        flags.get(Flag.num) : flags.get(Flag.reads));
-    keySize_ = (Integer) flags.get(Flag.key_size);
-    valueSize_ = (Integer) flags.get(Flag.value_size);
-    compressionRatio_ = (Double) flags.get(Flag.compression_ratio);
-    useExisting_ = (Boolean) flags.get(Flag.use_existing_db);
-    randSeed_ = (Long) flags.get(Flag.seed);
-    databaseDir_ = (String) flags.get(Flag.db);
-    writesPerSeconds_ = (Integer) flags.get(Flag.writes_per_second);
-    memtable_ = (String) flags.get(Flag.memtablerep);
-    maxWriteBufferNumber_ = (Integer) flags.get(Flag.max_write_buffer_number);
-    prefixSize_ = (Integer) flags.get(Flag.prefix_size);
-    keysPerPrefix_ = (Integer) flags.get(Flag.keys_per_prefix);
-    hashBucketCount_ = (Long) flags.get(Flag.hash_bucket_count);
-    usePlainTable_ = (Boolean) flags.get(Flag.use_plain_table);
-    useMemenv_ = (Boolean) flags.get(Flag.use_mem_env);
-    flags_ = flags;
-    finishLock_ = new Object();
-    // options.setPrefixSize((Integer)flags_.get(Flag.prefix_size));
-    // options.setKeysPerPrefix((Long)flags_.get(Flag.keys_per_prefix));
-    compressionType_ = (String) flags.get(Flag.compression_type);
-    compression_ = CompressionType.NO_COMPRESSION;
-    try {
-      if (compressionType_!=null) {
-          final CompressionType compressionType =
-              CompressionType.getCompressionType(compressionType_);
-          if (compressionType != null &&
-              compressionType != CompressionType.NO_COMPRESSION) {
-            System.loadLibrary(compressionType.getLibraryName());
-          }
-
-      }
-    } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
-      System.err.format("Unable to load %s library:%s%n" +
-                        "No compression is used.%n",
-          compressionType_, e.toString());
-      compressionType_ = "none";
-    }
-    gen_ = new RandomGenerator(randSeed_, compressionRatio_);
-  }
-
-  private void prepareReadOptions(ReadOptions options) {
-    options.setVerifyChecksums((Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.verify_checksum));
-    options.setTailing((Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.use_tailing_iterator));
-  }
-
-  private void prepareWriteOptions(WriteOptions options) {
-    options.setSync((Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.sync));
-    options.setDisableWAL((Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.disable_wal));
-  }
-
-  private void prepareOptions(Options options) throws RocksDBException {
-    if (!useExisting_) {
-      options.setCreateIfMissing(true);
-    } else {
-      options.setCreateIfMissing(false);
-    }
-    if (useMemenv_) {
-      options.setEnv(new RocksMemEnv(Env.getDefault()));
-    }
-    switch (memtable_) {
-      case "skip_list":
-        options.setMemTableConfig(new SkipListMemTableConfig());
-        break;
-      case "vector":
-        options.setMemTableConfig(new VectorMemTableConfig());
-        break;
-      case "hash_linkedlist":
-        options.setMemTableConfig(
-            new HashLinkedListMemTableConfig()
-                .setBucketCount(hashBucketCount_));
-        options.useFixedLengthPrefixExtractor(prefixSize_);
-        break;
-      case "hash_skiplist":
-      case "prefix_hash":
-        options.setMemTableConfig(
-            new HashSkipListMemTableConfig()
-                .setBucketCount(hashBucketCount_));
-        options.useFixedLengthPrefixExtractor(prefixSize_);
-        break;
-      default:
-        System.err.format(
-            "unable to detect the specified memtable, " +
-                "use the default memtable factory %s%n",
-            options.memTableFactoryName());
-        break;
-    }
-    if (usePlainTable_) {
-      options.setTableFormatConfig(
-          new PlainTableConfig().setKeySize(keySize_));
-    } else {
-      BlockBasedTableConfig table_options = new BlockBasedTableConfig();
-      table_options.setBlockSize((Long)flags_.get(Flag.block_size))
-                   .setBlockCacheSize((Long)flags_.get(Flag.cache_size))
-                   .setCacheNumShardBits(
-                      (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.cache_numshardbits));
-      options.setTableFormatConfig(table_options);
-    }
-    options.setWriteBufferSize(
-        (Long)flags_.get(Flag.write_buffer_size));
-    options.setMaxWriteBufferNumber(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.max_write_buffer_number));
-    options.setMaxBackgroundCompactions(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.max_background_compactions));
-    options.getEnv().setBackgroundThreads(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.max_background_compactions));
-    options.setMaxBackgroundFlushes(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.max_background_flushes));
-    options.setMaxBackgroundJobs((Integer) flags_.get(Flag.max_background_jobs));
-    options.setMaxOpenFiles(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.open_files));
-    options.setUseFsync(
-        (Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.use_fsync));
-    options.setWalDir(
-        (String)flags_.get(Flag.wal_dir));
-    options.setDeleteObsoleteFilesPeriodMicros(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.delete_obsolete_files_period_micros));
-    options.setTableCacheNumshardbits(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.table_cache_numshardbits));
-    options.setAllowMmapReads(
-        (Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.mmap_read));
-    options.setAllowMmapWrites(
-        (Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.mmap_write));
-    options.setAdviseRandomOnOpen(
-        (Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.advise_random_on_open));
-    options.setUseAdaptiveMutex(
-        (Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.use_adaptive_mutex));
-    options.setBytesPerSync(
-        (Long)flags_.get(Flag.bytes_per_sync));
-    options.setBloomLocality(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.bloom_locality));
-    options.setMinWriteBufferNumberToMerge(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.min_write_buffer_number_to_merge));
-    options.setMemtablePrefixBloomSizeRatio((Double) flags_.get(Flag.memtable_bloom_size_ratio));
-    options.setMemtableWholeKeyFiltering((Boolean) flags_.get(Flag.memtable_whole_key_filtering));
-    options.setNumLevels(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.num_levels));
-    options.setTargetFileSizeBase(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.target_file_size_base));
-    options.setTargetFileSizeMultiplier((Integer)flags_.get(Flag.target_file_size_multiplier));
-    options.setMaxBytesForLevelBase(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.max_bytes_for_level_base));
-    options.setMaxBytesForLevelMultiplier((Double) flags_.get(Flag.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier));
-    options.setLevelZeroStopWritesTrigger(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.level0_stop_writes_trigger));
-    options.setLevelZeroSlowdownWritesTrigger(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger));
-    options.setLevelZeroFileNumCompactionTrigger(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger));
-    options.setMaxCompactionBytes(
-        (Long) flags_.get(Flag.max_compaction_bytes));
-    options.setDisableAutoCompactions(
-        (Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.disable_auto_compactions));
-    options.setMaxSuccessiveMerges(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.max_successive_merges));
-    options.setWalTtlSeconds((Long)flags_.get(Flag.wal_ttl_seconds));
-    options.setWalSizeLimitMB((Long)flags_.get(Flag.wal_size_limit_MB));
-    if(flags_.get(Flag.java_comparator) != null) {
-      options.setComparator(
-          (AbstractComparator)flags_.get(Flag.java_comparator));
-    }
-
-    /* TODO(yhchiang): enable the following parameters
-    options.setCompressionType((String)flags_.get(Flag.compression_type));
-    options.setCompressionLevel((Integer)flags_.get(Flag.compression_level));
-    options.setMinLevelToCompress((Integer)flags_.get(Flag.min_level_to_compress));
-    options.setStatistics((Boolean)flags_.get(Flag.statistics));
-    options.setUniversalSizeRatio(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.universal_size_ratio));
-    options.setUniversalMinMergeWidth(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.universal_min_merge_width));
-    options.setUniversalMaxMergeWidth(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.universal_max_merge_width));
-    options.setUniversalMaxSizeAmplificationPercent(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.universal_max_size_amplification_percent));
-    options.setUniversalCompressionSizePercent(
-        (Integer)flags_.get(Flag.universal_compression_size_percent));
-    // TODO(yhchiang): add RocksDB.openForReadOnly() to enable Flag.readonly
-    // TODO(yhchiang): enable Flag.merge_operator by switch
-    options.setAccessHintOnCompactionStart(
-        (String)flags_.get(Flag.compaction_fadvice));
-    // available values of fadvice are "NONE", "NORMAL", "SEQUENTIAL", "WILLNEED" for fadvice
-    */
-  }
-
-  private void run() throws RocksDBException {
-    if (!useExisting_) {
-      destroyDb();
-    }
-    Options options = new Options();
-    prepareOptions(options);
-    open(options);
-
-    printHeader(options);
-
-    for (String benchmark : benchmarks_) {
-      List<Callable<Stats>> tasks = new ArrayList<Callable<Stats>>();
-      List<Callable<Stats>> bgTasks = new ArrayList<Callable<Stats>>();
-      WriteOptions writeOpt = new WriteOptions();
-      prepareWriteOptions(writeOpt);
-      ReadOptions readOpt = new ReadOptions();
-      prepareReadOptions(readOpt);
-      int currentTaskId = 0;
-      boolean known = true;
-
-      switch (benchmark) {
-        case "fillseq":
-          tasks.add(new WriteSequentialTask(
-              currentTaskId++, randSeed_, num_, num_, writeOpt, 1));
-          break;
-        case "fillbatch":
-          tasks.add(
-              new WriteSequentialTask(currentTaskId++, randSeed_, num_, num_, writeOpt, 1000));
-          break;
-        case "fillrandom":
-          tasks.add(new WriteRandomTask(
-              currentTaskId++, randSeed_, num_, num_, writeOpt, 1));
-          break;
-        case "filluniquerandom":
-          tasks.add(new WriteUniqueRandomTask(
-              currentTaskId++, randSeed_, num_, num_, writeOpt, 1));
-          break;
-        case "fillsync":
-          writeOpt.setSync(true);
-          tasks.add(new WriteRandomTask(
-              currentTaskId++, randSeed_, num_ / 1000, num_ / 1000,
-              writeOpt, 1));
-          break;
-        case "readseq":
-          for (int t = 0; t < threadNum_; ++t) {
-            tasks.add(new ReadSequentialTask(
-                currentTaskId++, randSeed_, reads_ / threadNum_, num_));
-          }
-          break;
-        case "readrandom":
-          for (int t = 0; t < threadNum_; ++t) {
-            tasks.add(new ReadRandomTask(
-                currentTaskId++, randSeed_, reads_ / threadNum_, num_));
-          }
-          break;
-        case "readwhilewriting":
-          WriteTask writeTask = new WriteRandomTask(
-              -1, randSeed_, Long.MAX_VALUE, num_, writeOpt, 1, writesPerSeconds_);
-          writeTask.stats_.setExcludeFromMerge();
-          bgTasks.add(writeTask);
-          for (int t = 0; t < threadNum_; ++t) {
-            tasks.add(new ReadRandomTask(
-                currentTaskId++, randSeed_, reads_ / threadNum_, num_));
-          }
-          break;
-        case "readhot":
-          for (int t = 0; t < threadNum_; ++t) {
-            tasks.add(new ReadRandomTask(
-                currentTaskId++, randSeed_, reads_ / threadNum_, num_ / 100));
-          }
-          break;
-        case "delete":
-          destroyDb();
-          open(options);
-          break;
-        default:
-          known = false;
-          System.err.println("Unknown benchmark: " + benchmark);
-          break;
-      }
-      if (known) {
-        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
-        ExecutorService bgExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
-        try {
-          // measure only the main executor time
-          List<Future<Stats>> bgResults = new ArrayList<Future<Stats>>();
-          for (Callable bgTask : bgTasks) {
-            bgResults.add(bgExecutor.submit(bgTask));
-          }
-          start();
-          List<Future<Stats>> results = executor.invokeAll(tasks);
-          executor.shutdown();
-          boolean finished = executor.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-          if (!finished) {
-            System.out.format(
-                "Benchmark %s was not finished before timeout.",
-                benchmark);
-            executor.shutdownNow();
-          }
-          setFinished(true);
-          bgExecutor.shutdown();
-          finished = bgExecutor.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-          if (!finished) {
-            System.out.format(
-                "Benchmark %s was not finished before timeout.",
-                benchmark);
-            bgExecutor.shutdownNow();
-          }
-
-          stop(benchmark, results, currentTaskId);
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-          System.err.println(e);
-        }
-      }
-      writeOpt.dispose();
-      readOpt.dispose();
-    }
-    options.dispose();
-    db_.close();
-  }
-
-  private void printHeader(Options options) {
-    int kKeySize = 16;
-    System.out.printf("Keys:     %d bytes each\n", kKeySize);
-    System.out.printf("Values:   %d bytes each (%d bytes after compression)\n",
-        valueSize_,
-        (int) (valueSize_ * compressionRatio_ + 0.5));
-    System.out.printf("Entries:  %d\n", num_);
-    System.out.printf("RawSize:  %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
-        ((double)(kKeySize + valueSize_) * num_) / SizeUnit.MB);
-    System.out.printf("FileSize:   %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
-        (((kKeySize + valueSize_ * compressionRatio_) * num_) / SizeUnit.MB));
-    System.out.format("Memtable Factory: %s%n", options.memTableFactoryName());
-    System.out.format("Prefix:   %d bytes%n", prefixSize_);
-    System.out.format("Compression: %s%n", compressionType_);
-    printWarnings();
-    System.out.printf("------------------------------------------------\n");
-  }
-
-  void printWarnings() {
-    boolean assertsEnabled = false;
-    assert assertsEnabled = true; // Intentional side effect!!!
-    if (assertsEnabled) {
-      System.out.printf(
-          "WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n");
-    }
-  }
-
-  private void open(Options options) throws RocksDBException {
-    System.out.println("Using database directory: " + databaseDir_);
-    db_ = RocksDB.open(options, databaseDir_);
-  }
-
-  private void start() {
-    setFinished(false);
-    startTime_ = System.nanoTime();
-  }
-
-  private void stop(
-      String benchmark, List<Future<Stats>> results, int concurrentThreads) {
-    long endTime = System.nanoTime();
-    double elapsedSeconds =
-        1.0d * (endTime - startTime_) / TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(1);
-
-    Stats stats = new Stats(-1);
-    int taskFinishedCount = 0;
-    for (Future<Stats> result : results) {
-      if (result.isDone()) {
-        try {
-          Stats taskStats = result.get(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-          if (!result.isCancelled()) {
-            taskFinishedCount++;
-          }
-          stats.merge(taskStats);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-          // then it's not successful, the output will indicate this
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    String extra = "";
-    if (benchmark.indexOf("read") >= 0) {
-      extra = String.format(" %d / %d found; ", stats.found_, stats.done_);
-    } else {
-      extra = String.format(" %d ops done; ", stats.done_);
-    }
-
-    System.out.printf(
-        "%-16s : %11.5f micros/op; %6.1f MB/s;%s %d / %d task(s) finished.\n",
-        benchmark, elapsedSeconds / stats.done_ * 1e6,
-        (stats.bytes_ / 1048576.0) / elapsedSeconds, extra,
-        taskFinishedCount, concurrentThreads);
-  }
-
-  public void generateKeyFromLong(byte[] slice, long n) {
-    assert(n >= 0);
-    int startPos = 0;
-
-    if (keysPerPrefix_ > 0) {
-      long numPrefix = (num_ + keysPerPrefix_ - 1) / keysPerPrefix_;
-      long prefix = n % numPrefix;
-      int bytesToFill = Math.min(prefixSize_, 8);
-      for (int i = 0; i < bytesToFill; ++i) {
-        slice[i] = (byte) (prefix % 256);
-        prefix /= 256;
-      }
-      for (int i = 8; i < bytesToFill; ++i) {
-        slice[i] = '0';
-      }
-      startPos = bytesToFill;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = slice.length - 1; i >= startPos; --i) {
-      slice[i] = (byte) ('0' + (n % 10));
-      n /= 10;
-    }
-  }
-
-  private void destroyDb() {
-    if (db_ != null) {
-      db_.close();
-    }
-    // TODO(yhchiang): develop our own FileUtil
-    // FileUtil.deleteDir(databaseDir_);
-  }
-
-  private void printStats() {
-  }
-
-  static void printHelp() {
-    System.out.println("usage:");
-    for (Flag flag : Flag.values()) {
-      System.out.format("  --%s%n\t%s%n",
-          flag.name(),
-          flag.desc());
-      if (flag.getDefaultValue() != null) {
-        System.out.format("\tDEFAULT: %s%n",
-            flag.getDefaultValue().toString());
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-    Map<Flag, Object> flags = new EnumMap<Flag, Object>(Flag.class);
-    for (Flag flag : Flag.values()) {
-      if (flag.getDefaultValue() != null) {
-        flags.put(flag, flag.getDefaultValue());
-      }
-    }
-    for (String arg : args) {
-      boolean valid = false;
-      if (arg.equals("--help") || arg.equals("-h")) {
-        printHelp();
-        System.exit(0);
-      }
-      if (arg.startsWith("--")) {
-        try {
-          String[] parts = arg.substring(2).split("=");
-          if (parts.length >= 1) {
-            Flag key = Flag.valueOf(parts[0]);
-            if (key != null) {
-              Object value = null;
-              if (parts.length >= 2) {
-                value = key.parseValue(parts[1]);
-              }
-              flags.put(key, value);
-              valid = true;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        catch (Exception e) {
-        }
-      }
-      if (!valid) {
-        System.err.println("Invalid argument " + arg);
-        System.exit(1);
-      }
-    }
-    new DbBenchmark(flags).run();
-  }
-
-  private enum Flag {
-    benchmarks(Arrays.asList("fillseq", "readrandom", "fillrandom"),
-        "Comma-separated list of operations to run in the specified order\n"
-            + "\tActual benchmarks:\n"
-            + "\t\tfillseq          -- write N values in sequential key order in async mode.\n"
-            + "\t\tfillrandom       -- write N values in random key order in async mode.\n"
-            + "\t\tfillbatch        -- write N/1000 batch where each batch has 1000 values\n"
-            + "\t\t                   in sequential key order in sync mode.\n"
-            + "\t\tfillsync         -- write N/100 values in random key order in sync mode.\n"
-            + "\t\tfill100K         -- write N/1000 100K values in random order in async mode.\n"
-            + "\t\treadseq          -- read N times sequentially.\n"
-            + "\t\treadrandom       -- read N times in random order.\n"
-            + "\t\treadhot          -- read N times in random order from 1% section of DB.\n"
-            + "\t\treadwhilewriting -- measure the read performance of multiple readers\n"
-            + "\t\t                   with a bg single writer.  The write rate of the bg\n"
-            + "\t\t                   is capped by --writes_per_second.\n"
-            + "\tMeta Operations:\n"
-            + "\t\tdelete            -- delete DB") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(value.split(",")));
-      }
-    },
-    compression_ratio(0.5d,
-        "Arrange to generate values that shrink to this fraction of\n" +
-        "\ttheir original size after compression.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Double.parseDouble(value);
-      }
-    },
-    use_existing_db(false,
-        "If true, do not destroy the existing database.  If you set this\n" +
-        "\tflag and also specify a benchmark that wants a fresh database,\n" +
-        "\tthat benchmark will fail.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    num(1000000,
-        "Number of key/values to place in database.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    threads(1,
-        "Number of concurrent threads to run.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    reads(null,
-        "Number of read operations to do.  If negative, do --nums reads.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    key_size(16,
-        "The size of each key in bytes.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    value_size(100,
-        "The size of each value in bytes.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    write_buffer_size(4L * SizeUnit.MB,
-        "Number of bytes to buffer in memtable before compacting\n" +
-        "\t(initialized to default value by 'main'.)") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    max_write_buffer_number(2,
-             "The number of in-memory memtables. Each memtable is of size\n" +
-             "\twrite_buffer_size.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    prefix_size(0, "Controls the prefix size for HashSkipList, HashLinkedList,\n" +
-                   "\tand plain table.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    keys_per_prefix(0, "Controls the average number of keys generated\n" +
-             "\tper prefix, 0 means no special handling of the prefix,\n" +
-             "\ti.e. use the prefix comes with the generated random number.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    memtablerep("skip_list",
-        "The memtable format.  Available options are\n" +
-        "\tskip_list,\n" +
-        "\tvector,\n" +
-        "\thash_linkedlist,\n" +
-        "\thash_skiplist (prefix_hash.)") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return value;
-      }
-    },
-    hash_bucket_count(SizeUnit.MB,
-        "The number of hash buckets used in the hash-bucket-based\n" +
-        "\tmemtables.  Memtables that currently support this argument are\n" +
-        "\thash_linkedlist and hash_skiplist.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    writes_per_second(10000,
-        "The write-rate of the background writer used in the\n" +
-        "\t`readwhilewriting` benchmark.  Non-positive number indicates\n" +
-        "\tusing an unbounded write-rate in `readwhilewriting` benchmark.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    use_plain_table(false,
-        "Use plain-table sst format.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    cache_size(-1L,
-        "Number of bytes to use as a cache of uncompressed data.\n" +
-        "\tNegative means use default settings.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    seed(0L,
-        "Seed base for random number generators.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    num_levels(7,
-        "The total number of levels.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    numdistinct(1000L,
-        "Number of distinct keys to use. Used in RandomWithVerify to\n" +
-        "\tread/write on fewer keys so that gets are more likely to find the\n" +
-        "\tkey and puts are more likely to update the same key.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    merge_keys(-1L,
-        "Number of distinct keys to use for MergeRandom and\n" +
-        "\tReadRandomMergeRandom.\n" +
-        "\tIf negative, there will be FLAGS_num keys.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    bloom_locality(0,"Control bloom filter probes locality.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    duration(0,"Time in seconds for the random-ops tests to run.\n" +
-        "\tWhen 0 then num & reads determine the test duration.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    num_multi_db(0,
-        "Number of DBs used in the benchmark. 0 means single DB.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    histogram(false,"Print histogram of operation timings.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    min_write_buffer_number_to_merge(
-        defaultOptions_.minWriteBufferNumberToMerge(),
-        "The minimum number of write buffers that will be merged together\n" +
-        "\tbefore writing to storage. This is cheap because it is an\n" +
-        "\tin-memory merge. If this feature is not enabled, then all these\n" +
-        "\twrite buffers are flushed to L0 as separate files and this\n" +
-        "\tincreases read amplification because a get request has to check\n" +
-        "\tin all of these files. Also, an in-memory merge may result in\n" +
-        "\twriting less data to storage if there are duplicate records\n" +
-        "\tin each of these individual write buffers.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    max_background_compactions(
-        defaultOptions_.maxBackgroundCompactions(),
-        "The maximum number of concurrent background compactions\n" +
-        "\tthat can occur in parallel.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    max_background_flushes(
-        defaultOptions_.maxBackgroundFlushes(),
-        "The maximum number of concurrent background flushes\n" +
-        "\tthat can occur in parallel.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    max_background_jobs(defaultOptions_.maxBackgroundJobs(),
-        "The maximum number of concurrent background jobs\n"
-            + "\tthat can occur in parallel.") {
-      @Override
-      public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    /* TODO(yhchiang): enable the following
-    compaction_style((int32_t) defaultOptions_.compactionStyle(),
-        "style of compaction: level-based vs universal.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },*/
-    universal_size_ratio(0,
-        "Percentage flexibility while comparing file size\n" +
-        "\t(for universal compaction only).") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    universal_min_merge_width(0,"The minimum number of files in a\n" +
-        "\tsingle compaction run (for universal compaction only).") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    universal_max_merge_width(0,"The max number of files to compact\n" +
-        "\tin universal style compaction.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    universal_max_size_amplification_percent(0,
-        "The max size amplification for universal style compaction.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    universal_compression_size_percent(-1,
-        "The percentage of the database to compress for universal\n" +
-        "\tcompaction. -1 means compress everything.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    block_size(defaultBlockBasedTableOptions_.blockSize(),
-        "Number of bytes in a block.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    compressed_cache_size(-1L,
-        "Number of bytes to use as a cache of compressed data.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    open_files(defaultOptions_.maxOpenFiles(),
-        "Maximum number of files to keep open at the same time\n" +
-        "\t(use default if == 0)") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    bloom_bits(-1,"Bloom filter bits per key. Negative means\n" +
-        "\tuse default settings.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    memtable_bloom_size_ratio(0.0d, "Ratio of memtable used by the bloom filter.\n"
-            + "\t0 means no bloom filter.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Double.parseDouble(value);
-      }
-    },
-    memtable_whole_key_filtering(false, "Enable whole key bloom filter in memtable.") {
-      @Override
-      public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    cache_numshardbits(-1,"Number of shards for the block cache\n" +
-        "\tis 2 ** cache_numshardbits. Negative means use default settings.\n" +
-        "\tThis is applied only if FLAGS_cache_size is non-negative.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    verify_checksum(false,"Verify checksum for every block read\n" +
-        "\tfrom storage.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    statistics(false,"Database statistics.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    writes(-1L, "Number of write operations to do. If negative, do\n" +
-        "\t--num reads.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    sync(false,"Sync all writes to disk.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    use_fsync(false,"If true, issue fsync instead of fdatasync.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    disable_wal(false,"If true, do not write WAL for write.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    wal_dir("", "If not empty, use the given dir for WAL.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return value;
-      }
-    },
-    target_file_size_base(2 * 1048576,"Target file size at level-1") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    target_file_size_multiplier(1,
-        "A multiplier to compute target level-N file size (N >= 2)") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    max_bytes_for_level_base(10 * 1048576,
-      "Max bytes for level-1") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    max_bytes_for_level_multiplier(10.0d,
-        "A multiplier to compute max bytes for level-N (N >= 2)") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Double.parseDouble(value);
-      }
-    },
-    level0_stop_writes_trigger(12,"Number of files in level-0\n" +
-        "\tthat will trigger put stop.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    level0_slowdown_writes_trigger(8,"Number of files in level-0\n" +
-        "\tthat will slow down writes.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    level0_file_num_compaction_trigger(4,"Number of files in level-0\n" +
-        "\twhen compactions start.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    readwritepercent(90,"Ratio of reads to reads/writes (expressed\n" +
-        "\tas percentage) for the ReadRandomWriteRandom workload. The\n" +
-        "\tdefault value 90 means 90% operations out of all reads and writes\n" +
-        "\toperations are reads. In other words, 9 gets for every 1 put.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    mergereadpercent(70,"Ratio of merges to merges&reads (expressed\n" +
-        "\tas percentage) for the ReadRandomMergeRandom workload. The\n" +
-        "\tdefault value 70 means 70% out of all read and merge operations\n" +
-        "\tare merges. In other words, 7 merges for every 3 gets.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    deletepercent(2,"Percentage of deletes out of reads/writes/\n" +
-        "\tdeletes (used in RandomWithVerify only). RandomWithVerify\n" +
-        "\tcalculates writepercent as (100 - FLAGS_readwritepercent -\n" +
-        "\tdeletepercent), so deletepercent must be smaller than (100 -\n" +
-        "\tFLAGS_readwritepercent)") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    delete_obsolete_files_period_micros(0,"Option to delete\n" +
-        "\tobsolete files periodically. 0 means that obsolete files are\n" +
-        "\tdeleted after every compaction run.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    compression_type("snappy",
-        "Algorithm used to compress the database.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return value;
-      }
-    },
-    compression_level(-1,
-        "Compression level. For zlib this should be -1 for the\n" +
-        "\tdefault level, or between 0 and 9.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    min_level_to_compress(-1,"If non-negative, compression starts\n" +
-        "\tfrom this level. Levels with number < min_level_to_compress are\n" +
-        "\tnot compressed. Otherwise, apply compression_type to\n" +
-        "\tall levels.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    table_cache_numshardbits(4,"") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    stats_interval(0L, "Stats are reported every N operations when\n" +
-        "\tthis is greater than zero. When 0 the interval grows over time.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    stats_per_interval(0,"Reports additional stats per interval when\n" +
-        "\tthis is greater than 0.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    perf_level(0,"Level of perf collection.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    max_compaction_bytes(0L, "Limit number of bytes in one compaction to be lower than this\n" +
-            "\threshold. But it's not guaranteed.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    readonly(false,"Run read only benchmarks.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    disable_auto_compactions(false,"Do not auto trigger compactions.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    wal_ttl_seconds(0L,"Set the TTL for the WAL Files in seconds.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    wal_size_limit_MB(0L,"Set the size limit for the WAL Files\n" +
-        "\tin MB.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    /* TODO(yhchiang): enable the following
-    direct_reads(rocksdb::EnvOptions().use_direct_reads,
-        "Allow direct I/O reads.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-      },
-    direct_writes(rocksdb::EnvOptions().use_direct_reads,
-      "Allow direct I/O reads.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-      return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-      },
-    */
-    mmap_read(false,
-        "Allow reads to occur via mmap-ing files.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    mmap_write(false,
-        "Allow writes to occur via mmap-ing files.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    advise_random_on_open(defaultOptions_.adviseRandomOnOpen(),
-        "Advise random access on table file open.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    compaction_fadvice("NORMAL",
-      "Access pattern advice when a file is compacted.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return value;
-      }
-    },
-    use_tailing_iterator(false,
-        "Use tailing iterator to access a series of keys instead of get.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    use_adaptive_mutex(defaultOptions_.useAdaptiveMutex(),
-        "Use adaptive mutex.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    bytes_per_sync(defaultOptions_.bytesPerSync(),
-        "Allows OS to incrementally sync files to disk while they are\n" +
-        "\tbeing written, in the background. Issue one request for every\n" +
-        "\tbytes_per_sync written. 0 turns it off.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Long.parseLong(value);
-      }
-    },
-    filter_deletes(false," On true, deletes use bloom-filter and drop\n" +
-        "\tthe delete if key not present.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    max_successive_merges(0,"Maximum number of successive merge\n" +
-        "\toperations on a key in the memtable.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return Integer.parseInt(value);
-      }
-    },
-    db(getTempDir("rocksdb-jni"),
-       "Use the db with the following name.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return value;
-      }
-    },
-    use_mem_env(false, "Use RocksMemEnv instead of default filesystem based\n" +
-        "environment.") {
-      @Override public Object parseValue(String value) {
-        return parseBoolean(value);
-      }
-    },
-    java_comparator(null, "Class name of a Java Comparator to use instead\n" +
-        "\tof the default C++ ByteWiseComparatorImpl. Must be available on\n" +
-        "\tthe classpath") {
-      @Override
-      protected Object parseValue(final String value) {
-        try {
-          final ComparatorOptions copt = new ComparatorOptions();
-          final Class<AbstractComparator> clsComparator =
-              (Class<AbstractComparator>)Class.forName(value);
-          final Constructor cstr =
-              clsComparator.getConstructor(ComparatorOptions.class);
-          return cstr.newInstance(copt);
-        } catch(final ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
-          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Java Comparator '" + value + "'" +
-              " not found on the classpath", cnfe);
-        } catch(final NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
-          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Java Comparator '" + value + "'" +
-              " does not have a public ComparatorOptions constructor", nsme);
-        } catch(final IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException
-            | InvocationTargetException ie) {
-          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to construct Java" +
-              " Comparator '" + value + "'", ie);
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    private Flag(Object defaultValue, String desc) {
-      defaultValue_ = defaultValue;
-      desc_ = desc;
-    }
-
-    public Object getDefaultValue() {
-      return defaultValue_;
-    }
-
-    public String desc() {
-      return desc_;
-    }
-
-    public boolean parseBoolean(String value) {
-      if (value.equals("1")) {
-        return true;
-      } else if (value.equals("0")) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      return Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
-    }
-
-    protected abstract Object parseValue(String value);
-
-    private final Object defaultValue_;
-    private final String desc_;
-  }
-
-  private final static String DEFAULT_TEMP_DIR = "/tmp";
-
-  private static String getTempDir(final String dirName) {
-    try {
-      return Files.createTempDirectory(dirName).toAbsolutePath().toString();
-    } catch(final IOException ioe) {
-      System.err.println("Unable to create temp directory, defaulting to: " +
-          DEFAULT_TEMP_DIR);
-      return DEFAULT_TEMP_DIR + File.pathSeparator + dirName;
-    }
-  }
-
-  private static class RandomGenerator {
-    private final byte[] data_;
-    private int dataLength_;
-    private int position_;
-    private double compressionRatio_;
-    Random rand_;
-
-    private RandomGenerator(long seed, double compressionRatio) {
-      // We use a limited amount of data over and over again and ensure
-      // that it is larger than the compression window (32KB), and also
-      byte[] value = new byte[100];
-      // large enough to serve all typical value sizes we want to write.
-      rand_ = new Random(seed);
-      dataLength_ = value.length * 10000;
-      data_ = new byte[dataLength_];
-      compressionRatio_ = compressionRatio;
-      int pos = 0;
-      while (pos < dataLength_) {
-        compressibleBytes(value);
-        System.arraycopy(value, 0, data_, pos,
-                         Math.min(value.length, dataLength_ - pos));
-        pos += value.length;
-      }
-    }
-
-    private void compressibleBytes(byte[] value) {
-      int baseLength = value.length;
-      if (compressionRatio_ < 1.0d) {
-        baseLength = (int) (compressionRatio_ * value.length + 0.5);
-      }
-      if (baseLength <= 0) {
-        baseLength = 1;
-      }
-      int pos;
-      for (pos = 0; pos < baseLength; ++pos) {
-        value[pos] = (byte) (' ' + rand_.nextInt(95));  // ' ' .. '~'
-      }
-      while (pos < value.length) {
-        System.arraycopy(value, 0, value, pos,
-                         Math.min(baseLength, value.length - pos));
-        pos += baseLength;
-      }
-    }
-
-    private void generate(byte[] value) {
-      if (position_ + value.length > data_.length) {
-        position_ = 0;
-        assert(value.length <= data_.length);
-      }
-      position_ += value.length;
-      System.arraycopy(data_, position_ - value.length,
-                       value, 0, value.length);
-    }
-  }
-
-  boolean isFinished() {
-    synchronized(finishLock_) {
-      return isFinished_;
-    }
-  }
-
-  void setFinished(boolean flag) {
-    synchronized(finishLock_) {
-      isFinished_ = flag;
-    }
-  }
-
-  RocksDB db_;
-  final List<String> benchmarks_;
-  final int num_;
-  final int reads_;
-  final int keySize_;
-  final int valueSize_;
-  final int threadNum_;
-  final int writesPerSeconds_;
-  final long randSeed_;
-  final boolean useExisting_;
-  final String databaseDir_;
-  double compressionRatio_;
-  RandomGenerator gen_;
-  long startTime_;
-
-  // env
-  boolean useMemenv_;
-
-  // memtable related
-  final int maxWriteBufferNumber_;
-  final int prefixSize_;
-  final int keysPerPrefix_;
-  final String memtable_;
-  final long hashBucketCount_;
-
-  // sst format related
-  boolean usePlainTable_;
-
-  Object finishLock_;
-  boolean isFinished_;
-  Map<Flag, Object> flags_;
-  // as the scope of a static member equals to the scope of the problem,
-  // we let its c++ pointer to be disposed in its finalizer.
-  static Options defaultOptions_ = new Options();
-  static BlockBasedTableConfig defaultBlockBasedTableOptions_ =
-    new BlockBasedTableConfig();
-  String compressionType_;
-  CompressionType compression_;
-}