rig-parts 1.71.1 → 1.72.0

package/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# rig-parts
+# @rig-c/parts — CLI `rig-parts`
 
 **AI-authored 2D character rigs from one anime painting, verified before they
 are written.** rig-parts generates no images. The painting and See-through layers
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ atlas written by anything else would have no oracle behind it.
 | stage | tool | what it owns |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | painting + See-through layers → parts and specs | **rig-parts** (npm `@rig-c/parts`) | the merge of two runs, the measurements, the rig spec and motion spec |
-| specs → Spine skeleton data | **[rig-c](https://github.com/rig-c/core)** (npm `rig-c`) | compile, the gate (rigc's own validator in an install; the round trip through `spine-core` where the runtime is beside it, as in this repository's CI), the named assertions, the packer, the renderer |
+| specs → Spine skeleton data | **[@rig-c/core](https://github.com/rig-c/core)** (canonical npm `@rig-c/core`; this package's dependency is literally `rig-c`) | compile, the gate (rigc's own validator in an install; the round trip through `spine-core` where the runtime is beside it, as in this repository's CI), the named assertions, the packer, the renderer |
 | skeleton data → a page | **[rig-play](https://github.com/rig-c/play)** (npm `@rig-c/play`; formerly spine-html), a sibling project | a DOM renderer; rigc's `rig-play` profile is its policy, and every build here is gated under that profile as well as under `spine` |
 
 rig-parts never writes Spine data itself. Everything on disk under `check/build/`
@@ -512,11 +512,11 @@ as this port wrote it in issue #227).
 [Bun](https://bun.sh) 1.2 or later. `npm i -D @rig-c/parts` installs the
 `rig-parts` command (`npm install -g @rig-c/parts` puts it on `PATH`); it hands off
 to Bun and says so in one sentence if Bun is not on `PATH`. **`@rig-c/parts` is the
-package's name; versions 1.0.0-rc.1 to 1.5.3 were published as `rig-parts`, and
+package's canonical name; versions 1.0.0-rc.1 to 1.5.3 were published as `rig-parts`, the convenience install name, and
 versions up to 0.16.0
-as `spine-parts`, its former name**, and the install keeps a `spine-parts` command
+as `spine-parts`, the legacy install name**, and the install keeps a `spine-parts` command
 beside `rig-parts` for the transition, the same launcher under both names. On npm
-both former names stay published beside `@rig-c/parts` at every version, as aliases
+both compatibility names stay published beside `@rig-c/parts` at every version, as aliases
 carrying the same files with only the `name` in `package.json` changed, so a
 project that depends on either keeps receiving every release; a new
 install names `@rig-c/parts` ([RELEASING.md](RELEASING.md), *The registry side*). rig-c
@@ -587,10 +587,15 @@ separate, and its agreement reading cannot certify an image's polarity.
 
 Assembly emits registered part sheets and references; rig emits PAD4 sheets and
 `depth_sheets.json`. Since 1.68.0 (#777), [config.turn.roles](docs/AUTHORING.md#3-configjson-field-by-field)
-uses depth sheets for 2.5D head turns with grid surfaces and `yaw_dial`/`pitch_dial`
+uses depth sheets for 2.5D head turns with grid or authored weighted surfaces and `yaw_dial`/`pitch_dial`
 controls; see [`CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN`](docs/AUTHORING.md#CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN)
 and [`CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REQUIRED`](docs/AUTHORING.md#CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REQUIRED).
-Authored weighted body meshes do not consume depth sheets. No-image builds keep the
-legacy output bytes. `comfy seethrough --config <file> --depth-run <full|head>`
+`turn.body.roles` adds independent body yaw. A weighted mesh declared as
+`"surface"` in either group and blending head and torso bones receives both
+fields in proportion to its skin weights. Each sibling island takes only its
+own group; parts without a blended attachment keep their existing role behavior
+and output bytes. Unlisted meshes do not consume turn depth sheets. See the
+[blended surface contract](docs/AUTHORING.md#per-layer-depth-sheets-773).
+No-image builds keep the legacy output bytes. `comfy seethrough --config <file> --depth-run <full|head>`
 uses the same opt-in; its default captures art only. Standalone authored part
 references remain active declarations. See [the input contract and refusals](docs/AUTHORING.md#per-layer-depth-sheets-773).

package/docs/AUTHORING.md

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ with `flattenRig(built)`, not with the built file.
 | what | why | how |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | [Bun](https://bun.sh) 1.2 or later | rig-parts and rig-c are Bun programs | `npm install -g @rig-c/parts` installs the command; it says so if Bun is missing |
-| [rig-c](https://www.npmjs.com/package/rig-c) | compiles, gates, packs and renders every rig; rig-parts writes no Spine data itself | installed with rig-parts as a dependency (`node_modules/.bin/rigc`); with no Spine runtime beside it, it gates with its own validator, and `rigc --version` says `entry: cli_core.ts` |
+| [@rig-c/core](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@rig-c/core) | compiles, gates, packs and renders every rig; rig-parts writes no Spine data itself | installed with rig-parts as the literal dependency `rig-c` (`node_modules/.bin/rigc`); with no Spine runtime beside it, it gates with its own validator, and `rigc --version` says `entry: cli_core.ts` |
 | [See-through](https://github.com/shitagaki-lab/see-through), somewhere | the layer decomposition is the input | any route in README *Getting See-through layers*; it runs twice per character, outside this tool |
 | a GPU, wherever See-through runs | See-through is a diffusion model | nothing in rig-parts itself uses a GPU |
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ read by no CPU stage).
 | `motion.animations_from` | rig; check (named; read for folds) | optional, never proposed (issue #183): a path, relative to the config file's directory, to a file in rig-c's motion-spec shape, `{"spec": "rigc-motion/1", "animations": {"<name>": {"duration": …, "tracks": [...]}, …}}` — an expression, a gesture, anything beside the idle. On every `rig` and `build` each of its animations is written into `rig/motion.json` after `idle`, as read: nothing added, re-keyed or judged here (except `derive` keys on `turn`/`tilt`, issue #436, and `{"t": …, "set": "<name>" \| null}` keys on slot `"attachment"` tracks, issue #473, which expand to `"v": "<set>_<slot>"` or `"v": null` when the set hides the slot, or `"v": "<slot>"` for `null`, refused with `CONFIG_SET_COVERS_SLOT` when the set is undeclared or does not cover the track's slot), and each is rigc's to accept or refuse at the rig stage's gate, in rigc's words. It may name what `motion.json` already holds — the bones `bones` declares, the easings `shut` and `open`, the groups `eyes` and `brows` when the blink writes them — and nothing else from the file reaches it. The loader refuses, every problem at once: no such file or one that cannot be read (`CONFIG_FILE_PRESENT`), text that is not JSON (`CONFIG_IS_JSON`), a file that is not an object, a `spec` other than `"rigc-motion/1"`, an `animations` that is not a table of objects (`CONFIG_FIELD_TYPE`), any other key — rig-c's `easings`, `groups`, `setup`, `physics`, `mix`, `archetype` and `cut` included, which would be read and not written (`CONFIG_KEY_KNOWN`), an animation named `idle` (`CONFIG_ANIMATION_NAME_FREE`), and a key written twice in one object of the file, which JSON would fold into its last value without a word (`CONFIG_KEY_UNIQUE`). `check` names the others on one line (`beside the idle: …`) and reads each for folds, with the idle — `ANIMATIONS_DO_NOT_FOLD` (§7, issues #320, #333); every other bar reads the idle. Absent, `motion.json` holds the idle alone, byte for byte as before, and `check` reads that idle for folds |
 | `constraints` | rig (handed to rig-c as `rig.json`'s `constraints`); `compare` and the coverage lines (roles) | **authored**, optional; `propose` writes none, but with `--cloth` (issue #364), where it writes the recipe's physics and swing transforms (*Recipe: cloth and hair that answer the world*, below). A list of constraints in **rig-c's own rig-spec shape** (`RigConstraint`: `ik`, `transform`, `path`, `physics`, `slider` — rig-c's `src/rig.ts` documents every field), in the order rigc applies them. The loader checks only what this package owns: each entry is an object with a `type` rigc names (`CONFIG_CONSTRAINT_TYPE_KNOWN`) and a non-empty `name`, unique within its kind as rigc finds constraints (`CONFIG_CONSTRAINT_NAME_UNIQUE`; an ik and a transform may share one); every bone it names — `bones`, an ik's `target`, a transform's `source`, a physics or slider constraint's `bone` — is a bone `bones` declares, a chain link as `<chain><i>` (`CONFIG_NAME_RESOLVES`); the bone a constraint follows does not sit under a bone it drives (`CONFIG_CONSTRAINT_TARGET_DETACHED`). Every other field (`mix`, `softness`, `properties`, a path's `slot`, a slider's `animation`) and every value is rigc's to accept or refuse at the rig stage's gate, in rigc's words (`RIG_RIGC_GREEN`) — an ik's `bones` as a shape too: from rig-c 2.15.0 rigc refuses an ik over more than two bones, or over a pair whose second bone is not the first's child (issue #103; this loader refused both itself until then). A note and an `x-` record may ride on an entry; the rig stage leaves them out of what it hands rigc. Under the default `--idle-keys ctl` a two-bone ik whose child link the idle keys is split by that link's control, and rigc refuses the pair: run `rig --idle-keys direct` or `build --idle-keys direct` (the rig stage adds that sentence, naming the flag on the command that ran, to rigc's line; `build` forwards it to its rig stage, issue #95). Each bone a constraint follows is declared to rigc as `invariants.detached` from every bone it drives, which rigc's gate rule `A25` checks |
 | `stops` | rig (handed to rig-c as `rig.json`'s `stops`, and moves slots, mesh weights and child bones on stopped links onto `<link>_d`); `propose --from-config` (`LINT stop on <chain> …`) | **authored**, optional (issues #404, #447): `[{chain, links?, against, at, inward, outward, lower?: {inward, outward}}]` — rig-c's leg stops (`RigStop`, rig-c 2.56.0, `rig-c/src/stop.ts`). `chain` is a chain `bones` declares (`CONFIG_NAME_RESOLVES`, `RIG_NAME_RESOLVES`); `links`, optional, is a non-empty list of links of that chain (`CONFIG_NAME_RESOLVES`, `CONFIG_FIELD_TYPE`), or absent for every link of `chain` in chain order; `against` is a bone `bones` declares, a chain link as `<chain><i>` (`CONFIG_NAME_RESOLVES`, `RIG_NAME_RESOLVES`); `at` is `[x, y]` in `against`'s local space, as rig-c's stop takes it (`CONFIG_FIELD_TYPE`): since each chain link (`leg_r0`, `leg_r1`) is turned to point along its segment (`+x` from origin to next link or tip, `+y` 90° counter-clockwise in Spine world), `at: [d, n]` sits `d` px from `against`'s origin toward its end and `n` px perpendicular to it; `inward`, `outward` and `lower.inward`, `lower.outward` are finite numbers (`CONFIG_FIELD_TYPE`). Every other stop rule — non-negative bounds, each stopped link written by a constraint, `against` not under the stopped chain, the aim not degenerate, `\|rest\| + outward <= 180°` (`RIG_STOP_BOUNDS`) — is rigc's to accept or refuse at the rig stage's gate, in rigc's words (`RIG_RIGC_GREEN`). **Rising-limb / prone geometry (issue #447):** rig-c's `expandStops` aims `<chain>_rest` from `links[0]`'s setup origin at `<chain>_touch` (`at` in `against`'s local frame) and clamps `<link>_d` inside `[rest − inward, rest + outward]`; Spine wraps rotation at `±180°`, so `\|rest\| + outward <= 180°` is required (`RIG_STOP_BOUNDS`). Whenever `<chain>_touch` lies **above** `links[0]`'s root in rig pixels (`ty < y0`, i.e. higher Spine `y` — e.g. stopping a hanging cloth chain against a rising shin `leg_<s1>` in a prone or kneeling pose where the knee sits below `links[0]` and the ankle above it, so positive `at[0]` walks upward along the shin past `links[0]`'s root), `rest` lands in the upper half-plane (`\|rest\| > 90°`) and `\|rest\| + outward` exceeds `180°`. Stop against the descending thigh (`leg_<s0>`), set `links` to start at a link whose root sits above `<chain>_touch`, or omit the stop when the rising shin sits outside the hanging chain's sweep; `propose --from-config` prints `LINT stop on <chain> …` with the exact coordinates and angles when `<chain>_touch` lies above `links[0]`'s root or `\|rest\| + outward > 180°`. For every stopped link `<link>`, the rig stage moves any slot on `<link>`, any mesh weight on `<link>`, and any bone whose parent is `<link>` (a branched cloth tree's branches hanging from `<trunk_last>`, before `--idle-keys ctl` adds `<bone>_ctl` and before `turn` adds `turn_<part>_<bone>`) onto `<link>_d`, the drawn link bone rig-c's `expandStops` creates at `<link>`'s setup frame to carry the clamped rotation. Absent, `rig.json` carries no `stops` and no byte of any output moves |
-| `turn` | rig (adds the turn control or 2.5D head-turn producer) | **proposed** only with `propose --full`/`--head` (issue #251), then corrected, or **authored** for 2.5D depth-sampled head turns (issue #763): `{pivot?, depths?, deform?, band?, radius?, surface?: {radius?}, head?: {pivot?, radius?}, roles?, counter?, grid?, unitDepths?, body?}`. When `roles` is declared (`{<part>: "surface" \| "unit" \| "rear"}`, issue #763; `CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN`, `CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REQUIRED`, `CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REGION`, `CONFIG_TURN_UNIT_MESH_BONES`), the rig stage runs the 2.5D depth-sampled head-turn producer: it edge-extends each turn-bound part's depth sheet across its transparent border and semi-transparent fringe from the nearest fully opaque (`alpha === 255`) texel before `PAD = 4` clamping (`padTurnDepthSheet`, `DEPTH_SILHOUETTE_SIZE_MISMATCH`), promotes `"surface"` regions to `generator: {kind: "grid", cols, rows, depth}` (`grid`: `[cols, rows]` or `{<part>: [cols, rows]}`, default `[13, 16]`, bounded at `<= 2,400` triangles per slot and `<= 4,000` total, `RIG_TURN_GRID_BUDGET`, `RIG_TURN_SURFACE_DEPTH_REQUIRED`, `RIG_TURN_SHARED_DEPTH_SCALE`), emits `faceshift` and `rear_shift` under `head` (`CONFIG_TURN_HEAD_BONE`, `RIG_TURN_HEAD_BONE`), `<part>_surface` and `<part>_unit` under `faceshift`, and `yaw_dial` and `pitch_dial` under `root` (`CONFIG_TURN_BONE_FREE`, `RIG_TURN_NAME_FREE`), re-parents `"unit"` region bones and `"rear"` bones and mesh weights to `faceshift` and `rear_shift` (while `"unit"` mesh parts receive their own `<part>_unit` carrier under `faceshift`, rebind direct `"head"` weights to `<part>_unit`, reparent bound chain roots to `<part>_unit` while keeping chain skinning weights intact, and key `<part>_unit` in `turn_units`, #790), samples each `"unit"` bone's depth from the `"surface"` depth sheet at its rest position (or reads `unitDepths.<part>`, `RIG_TURN_UNIT_DEPTH_REQUIRED`), enforces ear occlusion (`ear_r`/`ear_l` drawn before `"surface"` in `assemble.plan`, `CONFIG_TURN_EAR_DRAW_ORDER`, and behind the cheek surface, `RIG_TURN_EAR_DEPTH_BEHIND_CHEEK`), and writes `turn` and `tilt` `derive` tracks (`pivot` default `55` rig px, `counter` default `0.1` in `[0, 1]`, `CONFIG_TURN_COUNTER_RANGE`). `depths` holds, per part, the See-through layer's `depth_median` the part came from (larger = further back), read from the run the part was assembled from; a `painting:` patch has none and is not carried. A rider (issue #271) — a part from an `eyewhite`, `irides`, `eyelash`, `eyebrow`, `nose` or `mouth` layer — is drafted at the `face` part's depth, 0.001 nearer when parts.json draws it after the face and 0.001 further when before: See-through makes no depth of its own for the eye group (it cuts them from one depth map of the combined eyes) and clamps nose and mouth to the face's median − 0.001, and the two runs' own medians for these layers disagreed by up to 0.47 and swapped their order against the face. Every other layer — ears, headwear and earwear included — keeps its own median, unless it rides another part's bone. With no `face` part, or more than one, the riders keep their own and a note says so. A rider by bone (issue #535) — a part every *ownable* bone of which (a chain link, or a bone no other bone hangs from; `head`, `chest` and any bone with a child are shared and never count on their own) is *hosted* by another carried part, the host of a bone being the carried part that binds it (its region's bone; a mesh's `segments`, `contour` and `auto` regions' bones) with the most `opaque_px`, the earlier in parts.json on a tie, and which hosts no bone itself — is drafted at its host's depth, 0.001 nearer when drawn after the host and 0.001 further when before, and a note names the host, the bones and its own median: a pin, clip or ornament on the back hair's links travels with the back hair, not with its own layer's depth. `propose` reads the proposal's own `bones`, `meshes` and `regions`; the face riders are read by their tag first and never by their bones. A part bound to two hosts' bones rides neither and a note says so. In the rig stage, an authored depth on a rider by bone whose fraction differs from its host's by more than 0.1 of the dial (`TURN_RIDER_APART`, a share of `pivot − nearest`) is refused (`CONFIG_TURN_RIDER_DEPTH`); the host is read off `parts.json`'s `opaque_px`, so the config loader cannot see it. One note lists each part's depth and where it came from; a carrier the other run places more than 10 % of `pivot − nearest` away gets a note naming both values and the run read — the two runs are not reconciled. `pivot` is the depth that stays put; `propose` drafts the mean of the parts' depths weighted by `opaque_px`, the one depth at which the painted pixels' centroid does not slide under the dial. The rig stage adds a bone `turn` under `root` at its origin that nothing keys — its local x is the dial, in rig px — and carries each part by `(pivot − depth) / (pivot − nearest depth)` of it: the nearest part all of it, a part behind the pivot the other way, a part at the pivot not at all. Each part rides leaf twins (`turn_<part>_<bone>`, an identity child of every bone its slot and weights bind) moved by one `transform` constraint (`turn_<part>`, after the config's own); the idle's keys, the `<bone>_ctl` controls and a physics constraint stay on the bones, and the dial moves none of them. Optional `deform` (`Partial<FaceDeformFractions>`, issue #436) overrides the Set B ×2.5 face surface deformation table (`FACE_DEFORM_FRACTIONS`, checked against `FACE_DEFORM_RANGES` by `CONFIG_TURN_DEFORM_RANGE`); when `applyFaceSurfaceDeform` runs on a rig whose `motion` carries `tilt` or `turn` slider `derive` keys, it requires `config.turn` (`CONFIG_TURN_REQUIRED`, issue #478; `propose --full`/`--head` drafts it), promotes `face` on `head` (or `turn_face_head` when `turn` is declared) to the uneven 5×5 grid mesh, keys `face`, `hair_front` and `hair_back` deform timelines and ear/topknot tracks from `evalPitchFaceSurface` and `evalYawFaceSurface`, and samples the same deform field across each `features` member's rest span (`featRx = (24 / 106) · W`, `featRy = (12 / 128) · H`) with its depth fraction `z / zRef` as the field's angle input and chord foreshortening (`scalex` narrowing on the leading side and widening on the trailing side, `scaley` on pitch) so every feature's bounding box stays inside the deformed face plate across the rated band (issue #468). On yaw (`issue #479`), `evalYawFaceSurface` evaluates a **cylinder projection** (`cylinderYawDx`: `Δx(x, θ, R) = R · (sin(clamp(arcsin(clamp(x / R, −1, 1)) − θ, −π/2, π/2)) − clamp(x / R, −1, 1))`) of radius `R` (`turnSurfaceRadius`: `turn.surface.radius ?? turn.radius ?? turn.head.radius`, positive rig px checked by `CONFIG_FIELD_TYPE`, defaulting to half the face plate's opaque width `W / 2`) tapered by a cubic Hermite outline weight (`wOutline = 1` for `\|ux\| <= 0.7`, reaching `0` at `\|ux\| = 1.0`) so features slide across a fixed outline (`iris` shift within `±2%` of `cylinderYawDx`), the trailing cheek strip widens (`>= 1.54×` at `±15°`), and the leading jaw edge holds fixed (`0 px` shift) unless explicit horizontal `turn.deform` overrides (`turn_mid_x`, `turn_lead_compress_x`, `turn_trail_shift_x`) request the flat yaw table. On yaw (`issue #478`), `applyFaceSurfaceDeform` also derives a **head-only pivot** (`headTurnPivot`: `turn.head.pivot` when authored, otherwise the `opaque_px`-weighted mean of `depths[part]` across the head parts `DEFAULT_HEAD_TURN_PARTS` — `face`, `hair_front`, `hair_back`, `ear_r`, `ear_l`, `hairpin` — from `parts.json`, falling back to `turn.pivot`) so a forward torso or arm in `turn.depths` does not pull the head's rotation axis in front of `face`: `hair_back` (`depth_median > headPivot`, negative `headTurnFraction`) and `hairpin` behind `headPivot` translate opposite to the face's turn (`dx = s · turn_face_center_x · W · (headPivot − depth) / (headPivot − nearestHeadDepth)`), emerging on the trailing side to compensate for the leading-cheek foreshortening and keeping the combined head silhouette width near-constant across `±15°` without any same-sign `turn_hair_back_cheek_x` term. Optional `band` (`number` or `{yaw?, pitch?}`, positive degrees, issue #472) declares the rig's rated face turn band (default `FACE_RATED_BAND`: `yaw <= 15°`, `pitch <= 12°`); declaring a `turn.band` or a `motion.animations_from` `turn`/`tilt` `derive.degrees` above `±15°` yaw or `±12°` pitch without an `assemble.alternates` entry that replaces `face` is refused (`CONFIG_FACE_BAND_EXCEEDED`), and on a single-plate rig `applyFaceSurfaceDeform` adds self-targeting transform constraints `yaw_clamp` (`[-15, 15]`) and `pitch_clamp` (`[-12, 12]`) ahead of the slider constraints so driving `yaw` or `pitch` beyond the rated band clamps at the boundary. At rest: with `turn` declared, no pixel differs by more than 1 level at dial 0 (not byte-identical; the cause is float noise in the identity child bones, and the constraints add nothing); without `turn`, byte-identical. Neither `pivot` nor `depths` has a default (`CONFIG_FIELD_PRESENT`); `pivot` and `head.pivot` must lie behind the nearest part (`CONFIG_TURN_PIVOT_BEHIND_NEAREST`). Absent, no control is added and no byte of any output moves |
+| `turn` | rig (adds the turn control or 2.5D head-turn producer) | **proposed** only with `propose --full`/`--head` (issue #251), then corrected, or **authored** for 2.5D depth-sampled head turns (issue #763): `{pivot?, depths?, deform?, band?, radius?, surface?: {radius?}, head?: {pivot?, radius?}, roles?, counter?, grid?, unitDepths?, body?}`. When `roles` is declared (`{<part>: "surface" \| "unit" \| "rear"}`, issue #763; `CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN`, `CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REQUIRED`, `RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS`, `CONFIG_TURN_UNIT_MESH_BONES`), the rig stage runs the 2.5D depth-sampled head-turn producer: it edge-extends each turn-bound part's depth sheet across its transparent border and semi-transparent fringe from the nearest fully opaque (`alpha === 255`) texel before `PAD = 4` clamping (`padTurnDepthSheet`, `DEPTH_SILHOUETTE_SIZE_MISMATCH`), keeps authored `"surface"` meshes and their skinning (#795), sampling each vertex at its weighted setup position on its own extended sheet and emitting one inverse-setup-bone offset per influence (`D = -(pivot + z - zRef) * sin(angle)`, on x for yaw and y for pitch, with no narrowing or 2D spin); shared frames moved by another turn role are refused (`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS`), as are alternate drawings without their own depth sampling frame (`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_ATTACHMENT`). It promotes `"surface"` regions to `generator: {kind: "grid", cols, rows, depth}` (`grid`: `[cols, rows]` or `{<part>: [cols, rows]}`, default `[13, 16]`, bounded at `<= 2,400` triangles per slot and `<= 4,000` total, `RIG_TURN_GRID_BUDGET`, `RIG_TURN_SURFACE_DEPTH_REQUIRED`, `RIG_TURN_SHARED_DEPTH_SCALE`), emits `faceshift` and `rear_shift` under `head` (`CONFIG_TURN_HEAD_BONE`, `RIG_TURN_HEAD_BONE`), `<part>_surface` and `<part>_unit` under `faceshift`, and `yaw_dial` and `pitch_dial` under `root` (`CONFIG_TURN_BONE_FREE`, `RIG_TURN_NAME_FREE`), re-parents `"unit"` region bones and `"rear"` bones and mesh weights to `faceshift` and `rear_shift` (while `"unit"` mesh parts receive their own `<part>_unit` carrier under `faceshift`, rebind direct `"head"` weights to `<part>_unit`, reparent bound chain roots to `<part>_unit` while keeping chain skinning weights intact, and key `<part>_unit` in `turn_units`, #790), samples each `"unit"` bone's depth from the `"surface"` depth sheet at its rest position (or reads `unitDepths.<part>`, `RIG_TURN_UNIT_DEPTH_REQUIRED`), enforces ear occlusion (`ear_r`/`ear_l` drawn before the `face` surface in `assemble.plan`, `CONFIG_TURN_EAR_DRAW_ORDER`, and behind the cheek surface, `RIG_TURN_EAR_DEPTH_BEHIND_CHEEK`), and writes `turn` and `tilt` `derive` tracks (`pivot` default `55` rig px, `counter` default `0.1` in `[0, 1]`, `CONFIG_TURN_COUNTER_RANGE`). `depths` holds, per part, the See-through layer's `depth_median` the part came from (larger = further back), read from the run the part was assembled from; a `painting:` patch has none and is not carried. A rider (issue #271) — a part from an `eyewhite`, `irides`, `eyelash`, `eyebrow`, `nose` or `mouth` layer — is drafted at the `face` part's depth, 0.001 nearer when parts.json draws it after the face and 0.001 further when before: See-through makes no depth of its own for the eye group (it cuts them from one depth map of the combined eyes) and clamps nose and mouth to the face's median − 0.001, and the two runs' own medians for these layers disagreed by up to 0.47 and swapped their order against the face. Every other layer — ears, headwear and earwear included — keeps its own median, unless it rides another part's bone. With no `face` part, or more than one, the riders keep their own and a note says so. A rider by bone (issue #535) — a part every *ownable* bone of which (a chain link, or a bone no other bone hangs from; `head`, `chest` and any bone with a child are shared and never count on their own) is *hosted* by another carried part, the host of a bone being the carried part that binds it (its region's bone; a mesh's `segments`, `contour` and `auto` regions' bones) with the most `opaque_px`, the earlier in parts.json on a tie, and which hosts no bone itself — is drafted at its host's depth, 0.001 nearer when drawn after the host and 0.001 further when before, and a note names the host, the bones and its own median: a pin, clip or ornament on the back hair's links travels with the back hair, not with its own layer's depth. `propose` reads the proposal's own `bones`, `meshes` and `regions`; the face riders are read by their tag first and never by their bones. A part bound to two hosts' bones rides neither and a note says so. In the rig stage, an authored depth on a rider by bone whose fraction differs from its host's by more than 0.1 of the dial (`TURN_RIDER_APART`, a share of `pivot − nearest`) is refused (`CONFIG_TURN_RIDER_DEPTH`); the host is read off `parts.json`'s `opaque_px`, so the config loader cannot see it. One note lists each part's depth and where it came from; a carrier the other run places more than 10 % of `pivot − nearest` away gets a note naming both values and the run read — the two runs are not reconciled. `pivot` is the depth that stays put; `propose` drafts the mean of the parts' depths weighted by `opaque_px`, the one depth at which the painted pixels' centroid does not slide under the dial. The rig stage adds a bone `turn` under `root` at its origin that nothing keys — its local x is the dial, in rig px — and carries each part by `(pivot − depth) / (pivot − nearest depth)` of it: the nearest part all of it, a part behind the pivot the other way, a part at the pivot not at all. Each part rides leaf twins (`turn_<part>_<bone>`, an identity child of every bone its slot and weights bind) moved by one `transform` constraint (`turn_<part>`, after the config's own); the idle's keys, the `<bone>_ctl` controls and a physics constraint stay on the bones, and the dial moves none of them. Optional `deform` (`Partial<FaceDeformFractions>`, issue #436) overrides the Set B ×2.5 face surface deformation table (`FACE_DEFORM_FRACTIONS`, checked against `FACE_DEFORM_RANGES` by `CONFIG_TURN_DEFORM_RANGE`); when `applyFaceSurfaceDeform` runs on a rig whose `motion` carries `tilt` or `turn` slider `derive` keys, it requires `config.turn` (`CONFIG_TURN_REQUIRED`, issue #478; `propose --full`/`--head` drafts it), promotes `face` on `head` (or `turn_face_head` when `turn` is declared) to the uneven 5×5 grid mesh, keys `face`, `hair_front` and `hair_back` deform timelines and ear/topknot tracks from `evalPitchFaceSurface` and `evalYawFaceSurface`, and samples the same deform field across each `features` member's rest span (`featRx = (24 / 106) · W`, `featRy = (12 / 128) · H`) with its depth fraction `z / zRef` as the field's angle input and chord foreshortening (`scalex` narrowing on the leading side and widening on the trailing side, `scaley` on pitch) so every feature's bounding box stays inside the deformed face plate across the rated band (issue #468). On yaw (`issue #479`), `evalYawFaceSurface` evaluates a **cylinder projection** (`cylinderYawDx`: `Δx(x, θ, R) = R · (sin(clamp(arcsin(clamp(x / R, −1, 1)) − θ, −π/2, π/2)) − clamp(x / R, −1, 1))`) of radius `R` (`turnSurfaceRadius`: `turn.surface.radius ?? turn.radius ?? turn.head.radius`, positive rig px checked by `CONFIG_FIELD_TYPE`, defaulting to half the face plate's opaque width `W / 2`) tapered by a cubic Hermite outline weight (`wOutline = 1` for `\|ux\| <= 0.7`, reaching `0` at `\|ux\| = 1.0`) so features slide across a fixed outline (`iris` shift within `±2%` of `cylinderYawDx`), the trailing cheek strip widens (`>= 1.54×` at `±15°`), and the leading jaw edge holds fixed (`0 px` shift) unless explicit horizontal `turn.deform` overrides (`turn_mid_x`, `turn_lead_compress_x`, `turn_trail_shift_x`) request the flat yaw table. On yaw (`issue #478`), `applyFaceSurfaceDeform` also derives a **head-only pivot** (`headTurnPivot`: `turn.head.pivot` when authored, otherwise the `opaque_px`-weighted mean of `depths[part]` across the head parts `DEFAULT_HEAD_TURN_PARTS` — `face`, `hair_front`, `hair_back`, `ear_r`, `ear_l`, `hairpin` — from `parts.json`, falling back to `turn.pivot`) so a forward torso or arm in `turn.depths` does not pull the head's rotation axis in front of `face`: `hair_back` (`depth_median > headPivot`, negative `headTurnFraction`) and `hairpin` behind `headPivot` translate opposite to the face's turn (`dx = s · turn_face_center_x · W · (headPivot − depth) / (headPivot − nearestHeadDepth)`), emerging on the trailing side to compensate for the leading-cheek foreshortening and keeping the combined head silhouette width near-constant across `±15°` without any same-sign `turn_hair_back_cheek_x` term. Optional `band` (`number` or `{yaw?, pitch?}`, positive degrees, issue #472) declares the rig's rated face turn band (default `FACE_RATED_BAND`: `yaw <= 15°`, `pitch <= 12°`); declaring a `turn.band` or a `motion.animations_from` `turn`/`tilt` `derive.degrees` above `±15°` yaw or `±12°` pitch without an `assemble.alternates` entry that replaces `face` is refused (`CONFIG_FACE_BAND_EXCEEDED`), and on a single-plate rig `applyFaceSurfaceDeform` adds self-targeting transform constraints `yaw_clamp` (`[-15, 15]`) and `pitch_clamp` (`[-12, 12]`) ahead of the slider constraints so driving `yaw` or `pitch` beyond the rated band clamps at the boundary. At rest: with `turn` declared, no pixel differs by more than 1 level at dial 0 (not byte-identical; the cause is float noise in the identity child bones, and the constraints add nothing); without `turn`, byte-identical. Neither `pivot` nor `depths` has a default (`CONFIG_FIELD_PRESENT`); `pivot` and `head.pivot` must lie behind the nearest part (`CONFIG_TURN_PIVOT_BEHIND_NEAREST`). Absent, no control is added and no byte of any output moves |
 | `scene` | assemble (the recomposite, its holes and the figure's mask); check, through `parts.json`'s `scene` block (`RECOMPOSITE_HOLES`, the seam) | **authored**, optional; `propose` writes none (issue #242). `{}` declares the painting a scene: the figure and its surroundings in one image, See-through's full run holding only the figure. With it, `assemble` reads the recomposite figures, the hole list and the `uncovered:` lines inside the figure — the rig pixels where any full-run layer's alpha is above 8 (`OPAQUE_ALPHA_ABOVE`, the cut every layer's painted pixels are read by) — each line starting `inside the figure (config.scene: …, <n> of <m> rig px)`; writes that figure as `figure_rig.png` (white on black) beside the recomposite, and a `scene` block in `parts.json`; flags error pixels on the error map inside it only (outside, the painting grey); and `check` leaves out of the seam every frame pixel whose composite sample reaches the painting's outermost row or column, saying how many (`seam_border` in `check.json`, and on the seam line). It takes no field: the figure and its threshold are derived. A key in it other than a record or an annotation is `CONFIG_KEY_KNOWN`. Absent, no byte of any output moves |
 | `cloth` | `propose --cloth` only; no other stage reads it, so it moves no byte of any build | **authored**, optional (issue #364): one recipe per tag, `{"bottomwear": {…}, "back hair": {…}, "front hair": {…}}`, each `{chains, links, wind, gravity, split?, length_ratio?, strength?, damping?, alternate_damping?, translate?, swing?, part?, influence?}`. `influence` (issue #518) — `{across, max, shape, radius?}`: the parts this recipe meshes are drafted in the influence mode (`meshes.<part>.influence` above) at their lattice's cell, with `across`, `max` and `shape` as declared (each required — the reading behind the radius did not vary them) and `radius` as declared or, absent, drafted as the farthest vertex's distance plus 3 cells (the `influence.radius` row); without it the parts keep their lattice. `chains` — trees across the piece (for `back hair`, per side of the eye axis), a whole number, 1 or more; `links` — links from root to tip on every path, 1 or more; `split` — `{at, into}`: the first `at` links are the trunk, which forks into `into` (2 or more) branches; `at` below `links` (`CONFIG_CLOTH_SPLIT_BEFORE_TIP`); `length_ratio` — a path's last link over its first, above 0, default 0.5; `strength` — `{trunk, branch, edge}`, each above 0 and below the spring's stability bound (`CONFIG_CLOTH_SPRING_STABLE`), default 100 / 100 / 50; `damping` — in [0, 1], absent: rig-c's default; `alternate_damping` — the odd trees' damping, in [0, 1], beside `damping` and different from it (`CONFIG_CLOTH_ALTERNATE_DIFFERS`); `wind`, `gravity` — `[root, tip]`, each 0 or more, tip at or above root (`CONFIG_CLOTH_RESPONSE_GROWS_TO_TIP`); `translate` — the x and y mix of a dangling end's flutter, above 0 and at most 1; `swing` — `bottomwear` only, `{scales}`, one positive scale per tree (`CONFIG_CLOTH_SWING_SCALE_PER_TREE`); `part` — `bottomwear` only (`CONFIG_CLOTH_PART_ON_BOTTOMWEAR`), a non-empty part or cut-piece name: the `topwear` part that holds a skirt See-through returned inside it (a dress), or its skirt piece cut by `assemble.cuts`, which takes the skirt's trees (issue #402, *A skirt inside topwear* below; the part is checked by `propose`, `PROPOSE_CLOTH_PART`). The two defaults are the recipe's own, measured on its synthetic fixture (the recipe below). The recipe below says what each field drafts. The config written: `propose --cloth <config.json> --write-config <out.json>` (issue #537) writes this config's own text back with the sections the recipe drafts spliced in — `meshes.<part>` and `regions.<part>`, and `bones`, `constraints` and `motion.tracks` entry by entry by name (issue #552) — and every other byte as read; `--from <previous config>` (issue #571) takes an entry equal to the previous recipe's draft as the recipe's (*The config written*, under the recipe below) |
 | `proposed_rig_scale` | assemble, rig, build, `propose --from-config`/`--compare` | **proposed** by `propose` (issue #354): `parts.json`'s `scale_rig_per_source`, the `assemble.rig_scale` the rig sections (`bones`, `meshes`, `limbs`, `motion`) were drafted at. Held equal to `assemble.rig_scale` when present (`CONFIG_PROPOSED_RIG_SCALE`; 0, negative or not a number: `CONFIG_FIELD_TYPE`). Absent on a hand-authored config, where no byte of any output moves |
@@ -4513,11 +4513,13 @@ and stay absent).
 | <a id="CONFIG_TURN_COUNTER_RANGE"></a>`CONFIG_TURN_COUNTER_RANGE` | `config.turn.counter` (or `config.turn.body.counter`) is outside `[0, 1]` | supply a non-negative rear counter-translation fraction in `[0, 1]` |
 | <a id="CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN"></a>`CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN` | `config.turn.roles.<part>` (or `config.turn.body.roles.<part>`) is not `"surface"`, `"unit"` or `"rear"` | declare `"surface"`, `"unit"` or `"rear"` |
 | <a id="CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REQUIRED"></a>`CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REQUIRED` | `config.turn.roles` (or `config.turn.body.roles`) declares no `"surface"` part | declare at least one part as `"surface"` |
-| <a id="CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REGION"></a>`CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REGION` | `config.turn.roles.<part>` (or `config.turn.body.roles.<part>`) declares `"surface"` for a part that is also in `config.meshes` | attach `"surface"` parts in `config.regions` (so the rig stage promotes them to depth-backed grid meshes on `<part>_surface`), or give the mesh part role `"unit"` or `"rear"` |
 | <a id="CONFIG_TURN_UNIT_MESH_BONES"></a>`CONFIG_TURN_UNIT_MESH_BONES` | `config.turn.roles.<part>` (or `config.turn.body.roles.<part>`) declares `"unit"` for a mesh part in `config.meshes` that binds a bone outside the `"head"` subtree (or outside the torso carrier subtree for `turn.body`), or shares a bound bone or chain with another `"unit"` mesh part, so its bones cannot be moved under `<part>_unit` (#790) | bind each `"unit"` mesh only to `"head"` and its own child bones or chains under `"head"` (or to the torso root bone and its own non-head descendants for `turn.body`), or give the part role `"rear"` |
-| <a id="CONFIG_TURN_EAR_DRAW_ORDER"></a>`CONFIG_TURN_EAR_DRAW_ORDER` | an ear part in `config.turn.roles` is drawn after a `"surface"` part in `assemble.plan` | place `ear_r` and `ear_l` before `face` in `assemble.plan` so the turning cheek occludes the far ear |
+| <a id="CONFIG_TURN_EAR_DRAW_ORDER"></a>`CONFIG_TURN_EAR_DRAW_ORDER` | an ear part in `config.turn.roles` is drawn after `face` with role `"surface"` in `assemble.plan` | place `ear_r` and `ear_l` before `face` in `assemble.plan` so the turning cheek occludes the far ear |
 | <a id="CONFIG_TURN_HEAD_BONE"></a>`CONFIG_TURN_HEAD_BONE` | `config.turn.roles` is declared without a single bone `"head"` in `config.bones`, or `config.turn.body` without a single bone `"chest"` / `"hip"` (or its declared `bone`) | declare `"head"` (or the body turn root bone) as a single bone in `config.bones` |
 | <a id="CONFIG_TURN_SLIDER_NAME_FREE"></a>`CONFIG_TURN_SLIDER_NAME_FREE` | `config.turn.body.slider` (or the default `"body_yaw_dial"`) collides with a head turn dial (`"yaw"`, `"pitch"`, `"yaw_dial"`, `"pitch_dial"`) or an existing slider constraint in `config.constraints` (#787) | choose a distinct slider name in `config.turn.body.slider` |
+| <a id="RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_GROUPS"></a>`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_GROUPS` | a surface part contains a blended attachment but lacks one 2.5D group, includes an ungrouped positive influence in any attachment, or also declares a unit/rear role | declare both `turn.roles` and `turn.body`, a body root outside head, surface in one or both groups, and bindings wholly inside those two subtrees |
+| <a id="RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS"></a>`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS` | an authored surface mesh has unresolved/nonclosing weights or shares a frame moved by a unit/rear turn carrier | provide weighted bindings closing at 1 in the authored frame; use independent chains for parts with different roles |
+| <a id="RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_ATTACHMENT"></a>`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_ATTACHMENT` | a surface mesh has an alternate drawing without its own registered depth sampling frame | use the base attachment; explicit islands retain their own slot, attachment and bindings |
 | <a id="RIG_TURN_SURFACE_DEPTH_REQUIRED"></a>`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_DEPTH_REQUIRED` | a part with role `"surface"` in `config.turn.roles` or `config.turn.body.roles` carries no depth sheet in `parts.json` | run `assemble` with `config.depth` or provide `<part>_depth.png` in `parts.json` |
 | <a id="RIG_TURN_GRID_BUDGET"></a>`RIG_TURN_GRID_BUDGET` | a `"surface"` grid exceeds 2,400 triangles on one slot or 4,000 triangles across all `"surface"` slots | lower `config.turn.grid` / `config.turn.body.grid` `[cols, rows]` within the per-slot and total budgets |
 | <a id="RIG_TURN_HEAD_BONE"></a>`RIG_TURN_HEAD_BONE` | `buildRig` found no `"head"` (or body turn root) bone when emitting 2.5D turn carriers | declare `"head"` (or the body turn root bone) in `config.bones` |
@@ -5565,15 +5567,51 @@ still split has separate lower/upper scalar slices at the same row as the art;
 both keep original source provenance. Its references describe inputs for Core's
 `generator.depth = {image, near, zScale}`; sources are provenance, not Core
 fields. Since 1.68.0 (#777), [config.turn.roles](#3-configjson-field-by-field) consumes
-depth sheets for 2.5D head turns with grid surfaces and `yaw_dial`/`pitch_dial`
+depth sheets for 2.5D head turns with grid surfaces or authored weighted surface meshes (#795) and `yaw_dial`/`pitch_dial`
 controls, and `config.turn.body` (#787) extends the same 2.5D turn pipeline to
 torso/body parts under an independent `body_yaw_dial` (or `turn.body.slider`)
 dial; see [`CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN`](#CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN),
 [`CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REQUIRED`](#CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REQUIRED),
-[`CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REGION`](#CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REGION),
+[`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS`](#RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS),
 [`CONFIG_TURN_UNIT_MESH_BONES`](#CONFIG_TURN_UNIT_MESH_BONES) and
 [`CONFIG_TURN_SLIDER_NAME_FREE`](#CONFIG_TURN_SLIDER_NAME_FREE).
-Authored weighted body meshes not named in `config.turn.body.roles` are unchanged and do not consume depth sheets. Measurement sheets are not packed
+A weighted surface spanning the head and body subtrees (#796) takes both
+fields. Declare it as `"surface"` in `turn.roles` or `turn.body.roles` (both is
+also accepted), with both 2.5D groups present. Head descendants belong to the
+head group; the body root (`turn.body.bone`, otherwise `chest`, otherwise `hip`)
+and its descendants outside head belong to the body group. Each vertex's
+setup position samples that part's own extended sheet; each group's pivot and
+reference-depth rule produce its offset. A vertex with 0.7 torso and 0.3 head
+weights receives `0.7 * bodyOffset + 0.3 * headOffset`. Each influence stores
+only its group's inverse-frame offset; Spine applies its weight once. Head yaw
+and pitch and body yaw remain independent and additive. No bone is rebound,
+no topology is regenerated, and the neutral keys are empty. The split is
+enabled only when a part contains an attachment with positive bindings to
+both groups. Every attachment of that part then carries its own
+group mask: a head-only sibling island receives head yaw/pitch only; a
+body-only sibling receives body yaw only. An inactive group's timeline is
+omitted, so a zero timeline cannot overwrite the active slider's deform.
+Their authored topology and binding order remain unchanged. A part with no blended attachment keeps its explicit
+role behavior and output bytes, even if separate single-group islands bind
+different subtrees. Generated meshes and explicit mixed attachments use the
+same split.
+
+An unlisted mesh does not opt in merely by spanning the subtrees. A blended
+surface requires its own depth sheet (`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_DEPTH_REQUIRED`) and
+both groups, with every positive influence in one of their subtrees, including
+on sibling attachments (`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_GROUPS`). Zero weights do not
+make an attachment blended or require the other group; on the split path
+their deform pairs are zero and retain their place in the binding stream.
+Every binding name must still resolve and weights must still close at one,
+even for an inactive sibling. Do not use `"unit"` to opt in: its existing
+`CONFIG_TURN_UNIT_MESH_BONES` rule still requires one carrier subtree.
+Shared unit/rear carriers that move a surface's binding frame remain refused
+by `RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS`; a blended surface does not add a second
+carrier translation to compensate. Alternate drawings still need their own
+registered sampling frame (`RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_ATTACHMENT`).
+
+Authored weighted body meshes absent from both surface-role tables are unchanged
+and do not consume depth sheets. Measurement sheets are not packed
 art. An authored `parts.json` depth reference remains an active standalone
 `rig` declaration even without config opt-in: its file/size/color/opacity
 guards still apply. With binding inactive there is no added reference, file or

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "rig-parts",
-  "version": "1.71.1",
+  "version": "1.72.0",
   "description": "AI-authored 2D character parts from one anime painting and its See-through layer decomposition: measured parts, weighted-mesh rig specs, verified through rig-c before anything is written. A CLI for agents that cannot see the image.",
   "type": "module",
   "bin": {

package/src/config.ts

@@ -4797,13 +4797,6 @@ function checkTurn(
           c.fail('CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN', `${at}.roles.${part}`, `is ${show(role)}; expected one of ${TURN_ROLES.map((x) => `"${x}"`).join(', ')}`);
         } else {
           if (role === 'surface') {
-            if (meshParts.has(part)) {
-              c.fail(
-                'CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REGION',
-                `${at}.roles.${part}`,
-                `declares "${part}" as "surface", and config.meshes.${part} also declares a mesh for "${part}"; a 2.5D turn "surface" part must be attached in config.regions so the rig stage can promote it to a depth-backed grid mesh`,
-              );
-            }
             surfaceParts.push(part);
           }
           if (role === 'unit') {
@@ -4853,7 +4846,7 @@ function checkTurn(
       }
       for (const ear of earParts) {
         const earIdx = parts.indexOf(ear);
-        for (const surf of surfaceParts) {
+        for (const surf of surfaceParts.filter((p) => p === 'face')) {
           const surfIdx = parts.indexOf(surf);
           if (earIdx !== -1 && surfIdx !== -1 && earIdx > surfIdx) {
             c.fail(
@@ -4867,7 +4860,7 @@ function checkTurn(
       if (!bones.has('head')) {
         c.fail('CONFIG_TURN_HEAD_BONE', `${at}.roles`, 'requires a declared "head" bone in config.bones to parent the 2.5D turn carriers');
       }
-      for (const reserved of [FACESHIFT_BONE, REAR_SHIFT_BONE, ...surfaceParts.map(turnSurfaceBone), ...unitMeshParts.map(turnUnitBone)]) {
+      for (const reserved of [FACESHIFT_BONE, REAR_SHIFT_BONE, ...surfaceParts.filter((p) => !meshParts.has(p)).map(turnSurfaceBone), ...unitMeshParts.map(turnUnitBone)]) {
         if (bones.has(reserved)) {
           c.fail('CONFIG_TURN_BONE_FREE', `bone "${reserved}"`, `is a carrier bone the rig stage adds under head for config.turn.roles, and config.bones already declares a bone of that name; rename it`);
         }
@@ -4935,13 +4928,6 @@ function checkTurn(
           if (typeof role !== 'string' || !(TURN_ROLES as readonly string[]).includes(role)) {
             c.fail('CONFIG_TURN_ROLE_UNKNOWN', `${bAt}.roles.${part}`, `is ${show(role)}; expected one of ${TURN_ROLES.map((x) => `"${x}"`).join(', ')}`);
           } else if (role === 'surface') {
-            if (meshParts.has(part)) {
-              c.fail(
-                'CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REGION',
-                `${bAt}.roles.${part}`,
-                `declares "${part}" as "surface", and config.meshes.${part} also declares a mesh for "${part}"; a 2.5D turn "surface" part must be attached in config.regions so the rig stage can promote it to a depth-backed grid mesh`,
-              );
-            }
             bodySurfaceParts.push(part);
           } else if (role === 'unit' && meshParts.has(part)) {
             bodyUnitMeshParts.push(part);
@@ -4984,7 +4970,7 @@ function checkTurn(
         if (bodySurfaceParts.length === 0) {
           c.fail('CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REQUIRED', `${bAt}.roles`, 'declares no part with role "surface"; at least one surface part is required for 2.5D body turn');
         }
-        for (const reserved of [BODYSHIFT_BONE, BODY_REAR_SHIFT_BONE, ...bodySurfaceParts.map(turnSurfaceBone), ...bodyUnitMeshParts.map(turnUnitBone)]) {
+        for (const reserved of [BODYSHIFT_BONE, BODY_REAR_SHIFT_BONE, ...bodySurfaceParts.filter((p) => !meshParts.has(p)).map(turnSurfaceBone), ...bodyUnitMeshParts.map(turnUnitBone)]) {
           if (bones.has(reserved)) {
             c.fail('CONFIG_TURN_BONE_FREE', `bone "${reserved}"`, `is a carrier bone the rig stage adds for config.turn.body.roles, and config.bones already declares a bone of that name; rename it`);
           }

package/src/rig.ts

@@ -2435,12 +2435,8 @@ export function buildWaistPairSource(
     const isBodySurface = cfg.turn?.body?.roles?.[p.name] === 'surface';
     if (isHeadSurface || isBodySurface) {
       const roleField = isHeadSurface ? `config.turn.roles.${p.name}` : `config.turn.body.roles.${p.name}`;
-      if (cfg.meshes[p.name] !== undefined) {
-        fail(
-          'CONFIG_TURN_SURFACE_REGION',
-          roleField,
-          `declares "${p.name}" as "surface", and config.meshes.${p.name} also declares a mesh for "${p.name}"; a 2.5D turn "surface" part must be attached in config.regions so the rig stage can promote it to a depth-backed grid mesh`,
-        );
+      if (cfg.meshes[p.name] !== undefined && configuredAlts.some((a) => (a.parts === undefined || a.parts.includes(p.name)) && !(a.hides ?? []).includes(p.name))) {
+        fail('RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_ATTACHMENT', roleField, `declares an alternate drawing for surface mesh "${p.name}"; alternate drawings need their own registered depth sampling frame`);
         continue;
       }
       if (p.depth === undefined || scalar === undefined) {
@@ -3134,7 +3130,7 @@ export function buildWaistPairSource(
             unitMeshBones.push({ name: turnUnitBone(p.name), parent: FACESHIFT_BONE, x: 0, y: 0 });
             continue;
           }
-          if (roles[p.name] !== 'surface') continue;
+          if (roles[p.name] !== 'surface' || cfg.meshes[p.name] !== undefined) continue;
           const [cols, rows] = resolveTurnGrid(cfg.turn, p.name);
           totalGridTriangles += 2 * (cols - 1) * (rows - 1);
           const cx = p.x + p.w / 2;
@@ -3324,7 +3320,7 @@ export function buildWaistPairSource(
             unitMeshBones.push({ name: turnUnitBone(p.name), parent: BODYSHIFT_BONE, x: 0, y: 0 });
             continue;
           }
-          if (bodyRoles[p.name] !== 'surface') continue;
+          if (bodyRoles[p.name] !== 'surface' || cfg.meshes[p.name] !== undefined) continue;
           const [cols, rows] = resolveTurnGrid(bodySpec, p.name, cfg.turn);
           totalGridTriangles += 2 * (cols - 1) * (rows - 1);
           const cx = p.x + p.w / 2;
@@ -3665,6 +3661,7 @@ export function buildWaistPairSource(
       stills,
       boneLandmarks,
       hasAlternateFaceSet,
+      surfaceMeshes: turnSurfaceMeshes(cfg, rig, parts.rig_size),
     });
   }
   bindFaceSurfaceDeform(motion, (merged) => {
@@ -3680,6 +3677,7 @@ export function buildWaistPairSource(
         stills,
         boneLandmarks,
         hasAlternateFaceSet,
+        surfaceMeshes: turnSurfaceMeshes(cfg, rig, parts.rig_size),
       });
     }
     if (cfg.turn?.roles === undefined && (cfg.turn === undefined || cfg.turn.body === undefined || cfg.turn.depths !== undefined)) {
@@ -4177,3 +4175,24 @@ function refuseSharedWaistMotion(motion: MotionSpec, top: string, bone: string):
     if (record(value) && Array.isArray(value.tracks) && value.tracks.some((track) => record(track) && track.bone === bone)) refuse('RIG_WAIST_MOTION', `animation "${animation}" drives generated waist bone "${bone}"; original tracks must retain their authored targets`);
   }
 }
+
+/** Final named bindings, including explicit islands; grid surfaces keep their Core path. */
+function turnSurfaceMeshes(cfg: CharacterConfig, rig: RigSpec, canvas: readonly [number, number]) {
+  const meshes = [];
+  for (const part of Object.keys(cfg.meshes)) {
+    if (cfg.turn?.roles?.[part] !== 'surface' && cfg.turn?.body?.roles?.[part] !== 'surface') continue;
+    for (const slot of rig.slots) {
+      if (slot.name !== part && !slot.name.startsWith(`${part}__island`)) continue;
+      for (const [attachment, att] of Object.entries(rig.skins.default[slot.name] ?? {})) {
+        if (!('type' in att) || att.weights === undefined || att.weights.length === 0) {
+          throw new PartsError([{ code: 'RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS', object: `surface mesh "${slot.name}/${attachment}"`, detail: 'requires an authored weighted mesh with named bindings; a region or unresolved generator cannot carry weighted depth offsets' }]);
+        }
+        if (attachment !== part && !slot.name.startsWith(`${part}__island`)) {
+          throw new PartsError([{ code: 'RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_ATTACHMENT', object: `surface mesh "${slot.name}/${attachment}"`, detail: `requires the base drawing "${part}"; alternate drawings need their own registered depth sampling frame` }]);
+        }
+        meshes.push({ part, slot: slot.name, attachment, weights: att.weights, canvas });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return meshes;
+}

package/src/turn.ts

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
  * that the depth maps do not carry relief inside a layer, so a part moves as
  * one piece. Pure: no file, no clock.
  */
-import { computeWorldTransforms, toBoneLocalVector, toWorld, type BoneTransform } from './coords.ts';
-import { extendDepthSilhouette, type PartDepthReference } from './depthsheets.ts';
+import { computeWorldTransforms, setupToPaintingPoint, toBoneLocalVector, toWorld, type BoneTransform } from './coords.ts';
+import { extendDepthSilhouette, sampleDepthFloat, type PartDepthReference } from './depthsheets.ts';
 import { type Problem, refuseIfAny } from './errors.ts';
 import type { Raster } from './raster/index.ts';
 import { pyRound } from './round.ts';
@@ -1480,6 +1480,16 @@ export interface Depth25DTurnOptions {
   stills: Readonly<Record<string, { row: number; bone: string }>>;
   boneLandmarks: ReadonlyMap<string, readonly [number, number]>;
   hasAlternateFaceSet: boolean;
+  /** Existing weighted attachments; offsets are emitted per binding, never per UV. */
+  surfaceMeshes?: ReadonlyArray<{
+    part: string;
+    slot: string;
+    attachment: string;
+    weights: ReadonlyArray<ReadonlyArray<{ bone: string; x: number; y: number; weight: number }>>;
+    canvas: readonly [number, number];
+    /** Every attachment of a part containing a blended mesh carries its own group mask. */
+    groups?: ReadonlyMap<string, 'head' | 'body'>;
+  }>;
 }
 
 interface Depth25DGroupSpec {
@@ -1752,6 +1762,7 @@ function buildDepth25DTurnGroup(
       });
     }
     for (const [part, { zRef }] of surfaceSheets) {
+      if (opts.surfaceMeshes?.some((m) => m.part === part)) continue;
       const surfShift = pyRound(-zRef, 4);
       if (surfShift !== 0) {
         tracks.push({
@@ -1800,7 +1811,63 @@ function buildDepth25DTurnGroup(
         };
       }>;
     }> = [];
-    for (const part of surfaceSheets.keys()) {
+    for (const [part, { rec, ext, zRef }] of surfaceSheets) {
+      const authored = opts.surfaceMeshes?.filter((m) => m.part === part) ?? [];
+      if (authored.length > 0) {
+        const world = computeWorldTransforms(rig.bones);
+        for (const mesh of authored) {
+          // An all-zero timeline can overwrite another slider's deform (Core A40).
+          // A sibling with no positive binding in this group owns no timeline here.
+          const active = mesh.groups === undefined || [...mesh.groups.values()].includes(group.fieldPrefix === 'config.turn' ? 'head' : 'body');
+          const vertices = mesh.weights.map((row, index) => {
+            let wx = 0, wy = 0, total = 0;
+            for (const w of row) {
+              const frame = world.get(w.bone);
+              if (frame === undefined) {
+                problems.push({ code: 'RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS', object: `surface mesh "${mesh.slot}/${mesh.attachment}" vertex ${index}`, detail: `names missing bone "${w.bone}"; every influence must resolve in the final setup` });
+                continue;
+              }
+              // A unit/rear mesh sharing this root would move our bindings too.
+              let ancestor = rig.bones.find((b) => b.name === w.bone);
+              while (ancestor !== undefined) {
+                if ([FACESHIFT_BONE, REAR_SHIFT_BONE, BODYSHIFT_BONE, BODY_REAR_SHIFT_BONE].includes(ancestor.name)) {
+                  problems.push({ code: 'RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS', object: `${group.fieldPrefix}.roles.${part}`, detail: `binds "${w.bone}" through turn carrier "${ancestor.name}" shared with another role; surface mesh bindings must retain their authored frame` });
+                  break;
+                }
+                ancestor = rig.bones.find((b) => b.name === ancestor?.parent);
+              }
+              const [x, y] = toWorld(frame, w.x, w.y);
+              wx += x * w.weight; wy += y * w.weight; total += w.weight;
+            }
+            if (!Number.isFinite(total) || Math.abs(total - 1) > 0.0001) {
+              problems.push({ code: 'RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_BINDINGS', object: `surface mesh "${mesh.slot}/${mesh.attachment}" vertex ${index}`, detail: `has influence sum ${total}; weights closing at 1 are required to sample a setup position` });
+            }
+            const [cx, cy] = setupToPaintingPoint([wx, wy], mesh.canvas, mesh.canvas);
+            const z = levelToDepthZ(sampleDepthFloat(ext, cx - rec.x, cy - rec.y), rec.depth);
+            return { row, depth: pivot + z - zRef };
+          });
+          if (problems.length > startProblems || !active) continue;
+          deform.push({
+            slot: mesh.slot,
+            attachment: mesh.attachment,
+            keys: keyList.map(({ t, deg }) => deg === 0 ? { t } : {
+              t,
+              // Spine's weighted deform is one bind-space pair per influence.
+              // Do not multiply by weight: the runtime performs that sum once.
+              vertices: vertices.flatMap(({ row, depth }) => {
+                const d = -depth * Math.sin(deg * Math.PI / 180);
+                return row.flatMap((w) => {
+                  if (mesh.groups !== undefined && (w.weight === 0 || mesh.groups.get(w.bone) !== (group.fieldPrefix === 'config.turn' ? 'head' : 'body'))) return [0, 0];
+                  const frame = world.get(w.bone)!; // every influence resolved before emitting keys
+                  const [x, y] = toBoneLocalVector(frame, kind === 'yaw' ? d : 0, kind === 'pitch' ? d : 0);
+                  return [pyRound(x, 6), pyRound(y, 6)];
+                });
+              }),
+            }),
+          });
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
       deform.push({
         slot: part,
         attachment: part,
@@ -1894,6 +1961,60 @@ export function buildDepth25DTurn(
   const problems: Problem[] = [];
   const { yaw: yawMax, pitch: pitchMax } = resolveTurnBands(opts.turn);
 
+  // Only a surface opt-in spanning both authored subtrees changes paths (#796).
+  // Single-group meshes keep #795's role and bytes, including explicit islands.
+  const parents = new Map(rig.bones.map((b) => [b.name, b.parent]));
+  const bodyRoot = opts.turn.body?.bone ?? (parents.has('chest') ? 'chest' : 'hip');
+  const descends = (bone: string, root: string): boolean => {
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    for (let cur: string | undefined = bone; cur !== undefined && !seen.has(cur); cur = parents.get(cur)) {
+      if (cur === root) return true;
+      seen.add(cur);
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+  const blended = new Set<string>();
+  const classified = opts.surfaceMeshes?.map((mesh) => {
+    const groups = new Map<string, 'head' | 'body'>();
+    const outside = new Set<string>();
+    for (const w of mesh.weights.flat()) {
+      if (w.weight <= 0) continue;
+      if (descends(w.bone, 'head')) groups.set(w.bone, 'head');
+      else if (descends(w.bone, bodyRoot)) groups.set(w.bone, 'body');
+      else outside.add(w.bone);
+    }
+    if (new Set(groups.values()).size === 2) blended.add(mesh.part);
+    return { mesh, groups, outside };
+  });
+  // A part's role covers every island, but each attachment keeps its own mask.
+  // Without a blended attachment the explicit role still owns the legacy path.
+  const surfaceMeshes = classified?.map(({ mesh, groups, outside }) => {
+    if (!blended.has(mesh.part)) return mesh;
+    if (opts.turn.roles === undefined || opts.turn.body === undefined || outside.size > 0 || descends(bodyRoot, 'head')) {
+      problems.push({
+        code: 'RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_GROUPS', object: `surface mesh "${mesh.slot}/${mesh.attachment}"`,
+        detail: `belongs to a part with blended head and body bindings${outside.size === 0 ? '' : ` with ungrouped bone(s) ${[...outside].map(b => `"${b}"`).join(', ')}`}; declare both config.turn.roles and config.turn.body with a body root outside head, and bind every influence to one of those subtrees`,
+      });
+      return mesh;
+    }
+    // A second declaration cannot ask the same attachment to be both a sampled
+    // surface and a unit/rear carrier. No binding is reparented here.
+    const roles = [opts.turn.roles[mesh.part], opts.turn.body.roles[mesh.part]];
+    if (roles.some(role => role !== undefined && role !== 'surface')) {
+      problems.push({ code: 'RIG_TURN_SURFACE_MESH_GROUPS', object: `surface mesh "${mesh.slot}/${mesh.attachment}"`, detail: 'declares a unit/rear role as well as surface across the head and body groups; declare surface in one or both groups so its authored frames are retained' });
+      return mesh;
+    }
+    return { ...mesh, groups };
+  });
+  refuseIfAny(problems);
+  if (blended.size > 0) {
+    const surfaceRoles = Object.fromEntries([...blended].map(part => [part, 'surface' as const]));
+    opts = { ...opts, surfaceMeshes, turn: { ...opts.turn,
+      roles: { ...opts.turn.roles, ...surfaceRoles },
+      body: { ...opts.turn.body!, roles: { ...opts.turn.body!.roles, ...surfaceRoles } },
+    } };
+  }
+
   if (opts.turn.roles !== undefined) {
     buildDepth25DTurnGroup(
       rig,