reze-engine 0.43.0 → 0.50.1

package/src/shaders/passes/id-debug.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { GROUND_MATERIAL_ID } from "./ground"
+
+/**
+ * The id attachment, drawn so a person can look at it.
+ *
+ * The id buffer is correct or incorrect in ways nothing else in the frame can
+ * show: with no consumer, a perfect id buffer and a completely wrong one
+ * produce exactly the same picture. This pass exists so that "it works" is
+ * something seen rather than inferred.
+ *
+ * WHAT CORRECT LOOKS LIKE, and what each failure looks like instead:
+ *
+ *   - Every material is ONE FLAT COLOUR, with hard edges. Ids are names, not
+ *     quantities: a gradient anywhere, or fringing along an edge, means
+ *     something is interpolating or resolving them — the two failures the
+ *     no-resolve/no-blend rules exist to prevent.
+ *   - Parts differ from each other. A whole model in one colour means the
+ *     material index never made it into the uniform.
+ *   - The FLOOR is a fixed light grey, the reserved id, and never shares a
+ *     colour with a body part.
+ *   - Where nothing was drawn is BLACK — id 0, the reserved nothing, which is
+ *     also what the attachment clears to. Black *over geometry* means that draw
+ *     wrote no id; colour where the sky should be means the clear is wrong.
+ *
+ * Colours come from a hash of the pair, so neighbouring materials land on
+ * unrelated hues rather than adjacent shades of one — the point is telling them
+ * apart, not ordering them.
+ */
+export const ID_DEBUG_SHADER_WGSL = /* wgsl */ `
+// Multisampled and NEVER resolved, so it is read the way it is written: one
+// sample, by texel. Sample 0 is what every consumer of this attachment reads.
+@group(0) @binding(0) var idTex: texture_multisampled_2d<u32>;
+
+@vertex fn vs(@builtin(vertex_index) vi: u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4f {
+  let x = f32((vi & 1u) << 2u) - 1.0;
+  let y = f32((vi & 2u) << 1u) - 1.0;
+  return vec4f(x, y, 0.0, 1.0);
+}
+
+/** Integer hash → 0..1. Distinct inputs land on unrelated outputs, which is the
+ *  whole requirement: adjacent ids must not read as adjacent colours. */
+fn hashId(x: u32) -> f32 {
+  var h = x * 747796405u + 2891336453u;
+  h = ((h >> ((h >> 28u) + 4u)) ^ h) * 277803737u;
+  return f32((h >> 22u) ^ h) / 4294967295.0;
+}
+
+@fragment fn fs(@builtin(position) fragCoord: vec4f) -> @location(0) vec4f {
+  let ids = textureLoad(idTex, vec2<i32>(fragCoord.xy), 0);
+  let materialId = ids.x;
+  let objectId = ids.y;
+
+  // Nothing drawn here. Black, and it must cover exactly the empty space.
+  if (materialId == 0u && objectId == 0u) {
+    return vec4f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+  }
+  // The floor, at the top of the range. Flat light grey so it is unmistakable
+  // and cannot be confused with a hashed colour.
+  if (materialId == ${GROUND_MATERIAL_ID}u) {
+    return vec4f(0.72, 0.72, 0.75, 1.0);
+  }
+  // Hue from the material, brightness from the object, so two models wearing
+  // the same material index still read apart.
+  let h = hashId(materialId * 1973u + 9277u);
+  let shade = 0.55 + 0.45 * hashId(objectId * 6151u + 1u);
+  // Cheap hue ramp: three offset cosines. Saturated on purpose — this is a
+  // diagnostic, not a look.
+  let rgb = vec3f(
+    0.5 + 0.5 * cos(6.28318 * (h + 0.00)),
+    0.5 + 0.5 * cos(6.28318 * (h + 0.33)),
+    0.5 + 0.5 * cos(6.28318 * (h + 0.67)),
+  );
+  return vec4f(rgb * shade, 1.0);
+}
+`

package/src/shaders/passes/particles.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
+import { RZ_LIGHT_STRUCT_WGSL } from "../lights"
 import { audioApi } from "../audio-api"
+import { lyricsApi } from "../lyrics-api"
+import { anchorAliasWgsl } from "../anchor-table"
+import { midiApi } from "../midi-api"
+import { CAST_API } from "../cast-api"
+import { clockApi, EFFECT_MATH_API, PARTICLE_STRUCT_WGSL, trailSlotsApi, viewportApi } from "./hosted-api"
 // GPU particles for user effects: a compute step and an instanced quad draw.
 //
 // Its own shader MODULE rather than more source spliced into composite.ts, for
@@ -17,7 +23,20 @@ import { audioApi } from "../audio-api"
 // gets them subtly wrong in a way that only shows up on someone else's machine.
 
 /** Where the cast/trail history sits in the shared storage buffer. */
-export type CastLayout = { subjects: number; samples: number; base: number; trailBase: number; slots: number }
+export type CastLayout = {
+  subjects: number
+  samples: number
+  base: number
+  trailBase: number
+  /** The scene's anchor CAP — the address space, not how many asked for trails. */
+  slots: number
+  /** How many of this effect's anchors asked for a trail. AUTHOR-VISIBLE as
+   *  RZ_TRAIL_SLOTS: published effects loop over it, so its meaning is pinned
+   *  even though the address space it used to share is now a separate number. */
+  trailCount: number
+  /** This effect's local slot → scene slot. Identity while one effect exists. */
+  alias: number[]
+}
 
 /**
  * The trail accessors, in the PARTICLE module.
@@ -27,11 +46,15 @@ export type CastLayout = { subjects: number; samples: number; base: number; trai
  * particleInit reading the same recorded history the trail draws from. One
  * effect file, two mounts, one buffer.
  */
+/** Shared with the grid pass, which reads the same buffer for the same reason:
+ *  a kernel that displaces fog has to know where the dancer's feet are. */
 function castApi(cast: CastLayout): string {
-  return `
-const RZ_SUBJECTS: i32 = ${cast.subjects};
-const RZ_SAMPLES: i32 = ${cast.samples};
-const RZ_TRAIL_SLOTS: i32 = ${cast.slots};
+  return (
+    // rzSubjectCount FIRST, because CAST_API is written against it and this
+    // module has no view uniform to read the engine's count out of. Scanning
+    // for a subject whose bounding sphere has a radius is the same answer by a
+    // different route — the seam is named at the top of cast-api.ts.
+    `
 fn rzSubjectCount() -> i32 {
   var n = 0;
   for (var i = 0; i < RZ_SUBJECTS; i++) {
@@ -39,23 +62,17 @@ fn rzSubjectCount() -> i32 {
   }
   return n;
 }
-fn rzTrailCount(subject: i32, slot: i32) -> i32 {
-  if (subject < 0 || subject >= RZ_SUBJECTS || slot < 0 || slot >= RZ_TRAIL_SLOTS) { return 0; }
-  return i32(_rzCast[${cast.base} + (slot * RZ_SUBJECTS + subject) * 3 + 2].w);
-}
-/** Sample i of a path: xyz where it was, w how many seconds ago. i = 0 is now. */
-fn rzTrail(subject: i32, slot: i32, i: i32) -> vec4f {
-  let n = rzTrailCount(subject, slot);
-  if (i < 0 || i >= n) { return vec4f(0.0); }
-  return _rzCast[${cast.trailBase} + (slot * RZ_SUBJECTS + subject) * RZ_SAMPLES + i];
-}
-`
+` +
+    CAST_API +
+    trailSlotsApi(cast.trailCount) +
+    anchorAliasWgsl(cast.alias)
+  )
 }
 
 /** How the author's quads combine with the scene. */
-export type ParticleBlend = "alpha" | "additive"
+type ParticleBlend = "alpha" | "additive"
 
-export type ParticleSource = {
+type ParticleSource = {
   /** The author's WGSL verbatim. */
   wgsl: string
   /** Simultaneous particles. Fixed at install; the pool recycles rather than grows. */
@@ -68,33 +85,6 @@ export type ParticleSource = {
 /** Bytes per particle. Explicitly padded — see the struct below. */
 export const PARTICLE_STRIDE = 48
 
-/**
- * The particle record, laid out by hand.
- *
- * `age` and `life` sit in the padding that vec3f alignment would waste anyway
- * (a vec3f occupies 12 bytes but aligns the next field to 16), so the struct is
- * 48 bytes rather than the 64 a naive ordering costs. At 4096 particles that is
- * 192KB instead of 256KB, and it is read every frame by both stages.
- *
- * `life <= 0` means "not alive" and is what the pool checks to recycle a slot,
- * so a freshly zeroed buffer is entirely dead and every particle is born on the
- * first step rather than needing a separate seeding pass.
- */
-const PARTICLE_STRUCT = /* wgsl */ `
-struct Particle {
-  pos: vec3f,
-  age: f32,
-  vel: vec3f,
-  life: f32,
-  size: f32,
-  rot: f32,
-  seed: f32,
-  // Aspect along the direction of travel. 1 or less is a square billboard; a
-  // raindrop is 10 or 20. Zero-initialised, so an effect that never sets it gets
-  // the square it expects.
-  stretch: f32,
-}
-`
 
 const CAMERA_STRUCT = /* wgsl */ `
 struct CameraU {
@@ -115,72 +105,21 @@ struct ParticleU {
 `
 
 /**
- * The shared prelude, everything `rz`-prefixed.
+ * This module's half of the prelude: the camera, from its own uniform.
  *
- * Not convenience — correctness. Every effect written against the old contract
- * re-derived its own hash and its own falloff, which is duplicated code and
- * duplicated bugs; `rzFalloff` in particular has COMPACT SUPPORT (it reaches
- * exactly zero at r), because an exponential glow that never quite reaches zero
- * has to be culled somewhere, and culling it wherever it "looks close enough"
- * is what put a visible hard edge on the first halo effect.
+ * The rest — hashes, noise, falloff, clock, viewport — is shared with every
+ * other module that hosts an effect's source, because an author's helper must
+ * mean the same thing in whichever one it lands in.
  */
-const PRELUDE = /* wgsl */ `
-fn rzHash11(x: f32) -> f32 {
-  var p = fract(x * 0.1031);
-  p = p * (p + 33.33);
-  return fract(p * (p + p));
-}
-fn rzHash21(p: vec2f) -> f32 {
-  var p3 = fract(vec3f(p.x, p.y, p.x) * 0.1031);
-  p3 = p3 + dot(p3, p3.yzx + 33.33);
-  return fract((p3.x + p3.y) * p3.z);
-}
-fn rzHash31(p: vec3f) -> f32 {
-  var p3 = fract(p * 0.1031);
-  p3 = p3 + dot(p3, p3.zyx + 31.32);
-  return fract((p3.x + p3.y) * p3.z);
-}
-/** Three independent randoms from one seed — the usual need when spawning. */
-fn rzHash13(x: f32) -> vec3f {
-  return vec3f(rzHash11(x), rzHash11(x + 17.13), rzHash11(x + 41.71));
-}
-fn rzValueNoise(p: vec3f) -> f32 {
-  let i = floor(p);
-  let f = fract(p);
-  let u = f * f * (3.0 - 2.0 * f);
-  let n000 = rzHash31(i + vec3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
-  let n100 = rzHash31(i + vec3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
-  let n010 = rzHash31(i + vec3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
-  let n110 = rzHash31(i + vec3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0));
-  let n001 = rzHash31(i + vec3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
-  let n101 = rzHash31(i + vec3f(1.0, 0.0, 1.0));
-  let n011 = rzHash31(i + vec3f(0.0, 1.0, 1.0));
-  let n111 = rzHash31(i + vec3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
-  let x00 = mix(n000, n100, u.x);
-  let x10 = mix(n010, n110, u.x);
-  let x01 = mix(n001, n101, u.x);
-  let x11 = mix(n011, n111, u.x);
-  return mix(mix(x00, x10, u.y), mix(x01, x11, u.y), u.z);
-}
-/** Divergence-free flow — the standard drifting-air force. Snow and mist want this. */
-fn rzCurlNoise(p: vec3f) -> vec3f {
-  let e = 0.1;
-  let dx = vec3f(e, 0.0, 0.0);
-  let dy = vec3f(0.0, e, 0.0);
-  let dz = vec3f(0.0, 0.0, e);
-  let x0 = rzValueNoise(p - dx); let x1 = rzValueNoise(p + dx);
-  let y0 = rzValueNoise(p - dy); let y1 = rzValueNoise(p + dy);
-  let z0 = rzValueNoise(p - dz); let z1 = rzValueNoise(p + dz);
-  return normalize(vec3f((y1 - y0) - (z1 - z0), (z1 - z0) - (x1 - x0), (x1 - x0) - (y1 - y0)) + vec3f(1e-6));
-}
-/** Compact-support falloff: 1 at the centre, exactly 0 at r, smooth between. */
-fn rzFalloff(d: f32, r: f32) -> f32 {
-  let x = clamp(d / max(r, 1e-6), 0.0, 1.0);
-  let f = 1.0 - x;
-  return f * f * f;
-}
-fn rzTime() -> f32 { return pu.time; }
-fn rzViewportHeight() -> f32 { return cam.targetHeight; }
+const PRELUDE =
+  // The hashes, the noise and rzFalloff, identical in every module that hosts an
+  // effect's source; then the clock and the viewport, which cannot be, because
+  // this module keeps both in its own uniforms.
+  EFFECT_MATH_API +
+  clockApi("pu.time", "pu.dt") +
+  viewportApi("cam.targetHeight") +
+  /* wgsl */ `
+${RZ_LIGHT_STRUCT_WGSL}
 fn rzCameraPos() -> vec3f { return cam.camPos; }
 fn rzCameraRight() -> vec3f { return vec3f(cam.view[0][0], cam.view[1][0], cam.view[2][0]); }
 fn rzCameraUp() -> vec3f { return vec3f(cam.view[0][1], cam.view[1][1], cam.view[2][1]); }
@@ -191,7 +130,6 @@ fn rzProject(p: vec3f) -> vec3f {
   let w = max(clip.w, 1e-4);
   return vec3f(clip.xy / w * 0.5 + 0.5, clip.w);
 }
-fn rzDt() -> f32 { return pu.dt; }
 fn rzCamPos() -> vec3f { return cam.camPos; }
 `
 
@@ -235,7 +173,7 @@ export function particleEntryPoints(wgsl: string): { init: boolean; step: boolea
  */
 export function buildParticleComputeShader(src: ParticleSource, cast: CastLayout): string {
   return (
-    PARTICLE_STRUCT +
+    PARTICLE_STRUCT_WGSL +
     CAMERA_STRUCT +
     PARTICLE_UNIFORMS +
     `
@@ -246,6 +184,8 @@ export function buildParticleComputeShader(src: ParticleSource, cast: CastLayout
 ` +
     castApi(cast) +
     audioApi(0, 4) +
+    midiApi(0, 5) +
+    lyricsApi(0, 6) +
     PRELUDE +
     "\n// ── user effect ──\n" +
     src.wgsl +
@@ -292,7 +232,7 @@ export function buildParticleRenderShader(src: ParticleSource, cast: CastLayout)
   return (
     `override BLOOM: bool = ${src.bloom ? "true" : "false"};
 override ADDITIVE: bool = ${src.blend === "additive" ? "true" : "false"};\n` +
-    PARTICLE_STRUCT +
+    PARTICLE_STRUCT_WGSL +
     CAMERA_STRUCT +
     PARTICLE_UNIFORMS +
     `
@@ -303,6 +243,8 @@ override ADDITIVE: bool = ${src.blend === "additive" ? "true" : "false"};\n` +
 ` +
     castApi(cast) +
     audioApi(0, 4) +
+    midiApi(0, 5) +
+    lyricsApi(0, 6) +
     PRELUDE +
     "\n// ── user effect ──\n" +
     src.wgsl +

package/src/shaders/passes/scene-contract.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/**
+ * The scene pass's attachment contract, in one place.
+ *
+ * Everything drawn INSIDE the scene pass — models, ground, outline hulls,
+ * particles, ribbons, and the transparent depth prepass — shares one set of
+ * attachments, and therefore one set of formats, blends and write masks. That
+ * agreement used to be restated at every pipeline that joins the pass and in
+ * every shader that writes to it, which is why adding an attachment was
+ * dangerous rather than tedious: a class left behind does not fail loudly, it
+ * fails as a validation error naming a pipeline that was never edited.
+ *
+ * So the contract is DATA here, and the pipelines ask for it by render class.
+ * Adding the id attachment (MRT) becomes one edit in this file plus a per-class
+ * decision about whether that class writes it — which is the shape of the
+ * question, and now the shape of the code.
+ *
+ * WHAT IS NOT HERE. Two passes look like they belong and do not:
+ *   - the FIELD pass has its own pair of rgba16float targets, its own blend and
+ *     no MSAA. It is a different pass with a different contract.
+ *   - the gizmo and selection-edge pipelines draw to the SWAPCHAIN in their own
+ *     unmultisampled pass, so the presentation format is the whole of their
+ *     contract. The plan listed gizmo as a scene render class; the code says
+ *     otherwise, and the code is right.
+ */
+
+/** The scene pass's attachments, as the engine has them at init. Passed in
+ *  rather than imported: hdr is chosen per device (rg11b10ufloat where it is
+ *  available and blendable, rgba16float otherwise). */
+export type SceneFormats = {
+  /** The HDR colour attachment, @location(0). */
+  hdr: GPUTextureFormat
+  /** The aux attachment, @location(1) — (bloom mask, coverage). */
+  aux: GPUTextureFormat
+}
+
+/**
+ * The id attachment's format: (material index, object index), one u16 each.
+ *
+ * Two 16-bit channels rather than one 32-bit: 32-bit formats are not
+ * multisamplable, and this attachment is multisampled with the rest of the
+ * pass. Uint targets take no blend at all per spec, which is exactly right —
+ * an averaged id is not an id.
+ */
+export const SCENE_ID_FORMAT: GPUTextureFormat = "rg16uint"
+
+/**
+ * Whether the scene pass carries the id attachment.
+ *
+ * Runtime rather than a compile-time constant, and mutable, because it is not
+ * only a decision — it is a CAPABILITY. Multisampled rg16uint has to be probed
+ * on the device (see the engine's init), and a device that cannot do it must
+ * leave this off. That forces the shaders to be assembled after the probe,
+ * which is why the two shader modules that gain an output stopped being
+ * module-level constants: a string baked at import cannot know what the device
+ * said.
+ *
+ * Set ONCE at init, before any pipeline or shader module is built. Nothing
+ * reads it per frame.
+ */
+let mrtIds = false
+
+/** Called by the engine at init, after probing the device. */
+export function setMrtIds(on: boolean): void {
+  mrtIds = on
+}
+
+export function mrtIdsEnabled(): boolean {
+  return mrtIds
+}
+
+/**
+ * What is being drawn, which is the only thing that varies.
+ *
+ * The classes differ ONLY in blend and write mask; formats are the pass's, not
+ * the draw's. A class here is a thing with a reason, not a pipeline name — two
+ * pipelines that blend the same way share one.
+ */
+type SceneRenderClass =
+  /** Models, opaque and transparent. Straight alpha over. */
+  | "material"
+  /** The shadow-catcher floor. Blends PREMULTIPLIED, not like a material: its
+   *  coverage is a lit surface plus a colourless shadow layer, so it weights
+   *  its own colour before the blend sees it. */
+  | "ground"
+  /** Backface-expanded hulls. Also a material blend — it is geometry. */
+  | "outline"
+  /** Particles and ribbons in their default, non-additive mode. */
+  | "particle"
+  /** Particles declaring `// @blend additive` — LIGHT rather than matter, so
+   *  colour sums and alpha is left alone: a glow must not claim coverage it
+   *  never occluded. The aux target sums with it, which is what lets an
+   *  additive effect reach the bloom gate at all. */
+  | "particle-additive"
+  /** Ribbons. Additive colour like the above, but premultiplied by the
+   *  fragment's own alpha on the way in (src-alpha, one) rather than added
+   *  whole, and an ordinary alpha-over aux so a ribbon's mask does not
+   *  saturate along every overlap. */
+  | "trail"
+  /** The transparent depth prepass: it exists to write DEPTH after the fabric's
+   *  colour blended, so an outline drawn later is occluded behind it. It must
+   *  therefore write no colour at all — the targets exist only to make the
+   *  pipeline compatible with the pass it joins. */
+  | "depth-prepass"
+
+const ALPHA_OVER: GPUBlendState = {
+  color: { srcFactor: "src-alpha", dstFactor: "one-minus-src-alpha", operation: "add" },
+  alpha: { srcFactor: "one", dstFactor: "one-minus-src-alpha", operation: "add" },
+}
+
+/** Colour sums; alpha is not touched (src zero, dst one). */
+const ADD_KEEP_ALPHA: GPUBlendState = {
+  color: { srcFactor: "one", dstFactor: "one", operation: "add" },
+  alpha: { srcFactor: "zero", dstFactor: "one", operation: "add" },
+}
+
+/** Both channels sum. rg8unorm clamps at 1, which is the saturation alpha-over
+ *  would have reached anyway. */
+const ADD_BOTH: GPUBlendState = {
+  color: { srcFactor: "one", dstFactor: "one", operation: "add" },
+  alpha: { srcFactor: "one", dstFactor: "one", operation: "add" },
+}
+
+/**
+ * OVER for something that arrives ALREADY premultiplied: take the source whole
+ * and let it displace the destination by its own coverage.
+ *
+ * The ground needs this and nothing else does. Every other class writes a
+ * straight colour and an alpha, and the src-alpha factor premultiplies it once
+ * on the way in. The ground cannot: its coverage is the SUM of a lit surface
+ * and a colourless shadow-catcher layer, so it has to weight its own colour by
+ * the surface's share before it gets here. Handed to the src-alpha blend, that
+ * weighting happened a second time.
+ */
+const PREMULTIPLIED_OVER: GPUBlendState = {
+  color: { srcFactor: "one", dstFactor: "one-minus-src-alpha", operation: "add" },
+  alpha: { srcFactor: "one", dstFactor: "one-minus-src-alpha", operation: "add" },
+}
+
+/** Additive, premultiplied by the fragment's alpha as it writes. */
+const ADD_PREMULTIPLIED: GPUBlendState = {
+  color: { srcFactor: "src-alpha", dstFactor: "one", operation: "add" },
+  alpha: { srcFactor: "zero", dstFactor: "one", operation: "add" },
+}
+
+/**
+ * Which classes actually WRITE an id, and so gain a fragment output for it.
+ *
+ * Everything else keeps its shader exactly as it is and takes the id target at
+ * writeMask 0 — legal, specified, and free. The alternative (leaving the target
+ * off those pipelines) is not available: every pipeline in a pass must agree
+ * with the pass's attachments.
+ *
+ * The ground is in because a mark placed by id needs the floor to have one.
+ * Transparent fabric writes ids too — dissolving a dress needs the dress's own
+ * pixels, and last write wins there, which is a documented choice rather than a
+ * consequence. Outline hulls, particles and ribbons are OUT: they are not
+ * things you would ever address by id, and a hull would overwrite the id of the
+ * body it traces.
+ */
+const WRITES_ID = new Set<SceneRenderClass>(["material", "ground"])
+
+/** The blends each class writes its two attachments with. */
+const BLENDS: Record<Exclude<SceneRenderClass, "depth-prepass">, [GPUBlendState, GPUBlendState]> = {
+  material: [ALPHA_OVER, ALPHA_OVER],
+  // PREMULTIPLIED colour, alone among the classes — see the blend's own note.
+  // The aux is ordinary alpha-over: the ground writes its mask unweighted, like
+  // everything else, and coverage is what the blend applies.
+  ground: [PREMULTIPLIED_OVER, ALPHA_OVER],
+  outline: [ALPHA_OVER, ALPHA_OVER],
+  particle: [ALPHA_OVER, ALPHA_OVER],
+  "particle-additive": [ADD_KEEP_ALPHA, ADD_BOTH],
+  trail: [ADD_PREMULTIPLIED, ALPHA_OVER],
+}
+
+/**
+ * The colour targets a scene-pass pipeline of this class declares, in
+ * attachment order.
+ *
+ * Fresh objects every call, deliberately: a caller that mutated a shared
+ * descriptor would change every pipeline built after it, and the ones built
+ * before would keep the old value — a difference that only shows up as one
+ * pipeline blending unlike its neighbours.
+ */
+export function sceneTargets(cls: SceneRenderClass, formats: SceneFormats): GPUColorTargetState[] {
+  const targets: GPUColorTargetState[] =
+    cls === "depth-prepass"
+      ? // Format only, and writeMask 0. Note the asymmetry this leans on, which
+        // is the same one the id target leans on below: a target the shader has
+        // no output for is legal at writeMask 0 (gpuweb#1918), while an output
+        // with no target is NOT governed (gpuweb#5341). This is the specified
+        // direction, and it is the only one this file ever uses.
+        [
+          { format: formats.hdr, writeMask: 0 },
+          { format: formats.aux, writeMask: 0 },
+        ]
+      : (() => {
+          const [color, aux] = BLENDS[cls]
+          return [
+            { format: formats.hdr, blend: { color: { ...color.color }, alpha: { ...color.alpha } } },
+            { format: formats.aux, blend: { color: { ...aux.color }, alpha: { ...aux.alpha } } },
+          ]
+        })()
+  if (mrtIds) targets.push({ format: SCENE_ID_FORMAT, writeMask: WRITES_ID.has(cls) ? 0xf : 0 })
+  return targets
+}
+
+/**
+ * The pass's colour attachments, in order — for the things that describe the
+ * pass itself rather than a draw within it.
+ *
+ * A render bundle declares the formats it will be replayed into and is rejected
+ * against a pass that does not match, so the bundle encoder has to move in
+ * lockstep with the targets above. It restated the list independently until
+ * this existed, which made it the one consumer an MRT change would have missed
+ * — a bundle is recorded once and replayed, so the failure would have arrived
+ * at replay, naming the bundle rather than the attachment that changed.
+ */
+export function sceneColorFormats(formats: SceneFormats): GPUTextureFormat[] {
+  return mrtIds ? [formats.hdr, formats.aux, SCENE_ID_FORMAT] : [formats.hdr, formats.aux]
+}
+
+/**
+ * The fragment-output struct a scene-pass shader returns.
+ *
+ * Emitted rather than written out per file so that the attachment list has one
+ * author. The struct and the targets above have to agree on count and order,
+ * and they now disagree in one file rather than in five.
+ *
+ * Only the shaders that will GAIN an output take this today — the materials
+ * (hand-written and graph-generated alike, through COMMON_FS_OUT_WGSL) and the
+ * ground. Outline, particles and ribbons keep their own declarations on
+ * purpose: they never write the id, so they would take an `id: false` argument
+ * forever, and their structs carry comments about their own blend that belong
+ * where they are.
+ */
+export function sceneFsOutWgsl(opts?: { name?: string; aux?: string }): string {
+  const name = opts?.name ?? "FSOut"
+  const aux = opts?.aux ?? "mask"
+  // No @interpolate here, deliberately. The plan called for
+  // `@location(2) @interpolate(flat)`, and that attribute is only legal on a
+  // vertex OUTPUT or a fragment INPUT — a fragment output is neither, so it
+  // would not compile. It is also unnecessary: the id is read from the per-draw
+  // uniform, not carried across the triangle as a varying, so there is no
+  // interpolation to suppress. (A varying carrying it WOULD need flat, since an
+  // integer varying must be.)
+  //
+  // vec2u for rg16uint: the output type must be compatible with the format, and
+  // uint targets take no blend, which is what makes last-write-wins the rule.
+  const id = mrtIds ? `  @location(2) id: vec2u,\n` : ""
+  return `struct ${name} {
+  @location(0) color: vec4f,
+  @location(1) ${aux}: vec4f,
+${id}};
+`
+}
+
+/**
+ * The line a fragment shader assigns its id with, or nothing when ids are off.
+ *
+ * Emitted rather than written into each shader for the same reason as the
+ * struct: with ids off there must be no assignment either, and a shader cannot
+ * ask the device what it supports.
+ */
+export function sceneIdWriteWgsl(out: string, material: string, object: string): string {
+  return mrtIds ? `  ${out}.id = vec2u(${material}, ${object});\n` : ""
+}