reze-engine 0.2.19 → 0.3.0

package/src/camera.ts

@@ -1,358 +1,358 @@
-import { Mat4, Vec3 } from "./math"
-
-const FAR = 1000
-
-export class Camera {
-  alpha: number
-  beta: number
-  radius: number
-  target: Vec3
-  fov: number
-  aspect: number = 1
-  near: number = 0.05
-  far: number = FAR
-
-  // Input state
-  private canvas: HTMLCanvasElement | null = null
-  private isDragging: boolean = false
-  private mouseButton: number | null = null // Track which mouse button is pressed (0 = left, 2 = right)
-  private lastMousePos = { x: 0, y: 0 }
-  private lastTouchPos = { x: 0, y: 0 }
-  private touchIdentifier: number | null = null
-  private isPinching: boolean = false
-  private lastPinchDistance: number = 0
-  private lastPinchMidpoint = { x: 0, y: 0 } // Midpoint of two fingers for panning
-  private initialPinchDistance: number = 0 // Initial distance when pinch started
-
-  // Camera settings
-  angularSensitivity: number = 0.005
-  panSensitivity: number = 0.0002 // Sensitivity for right-click panning
-  wheelPrecision: number = 0.01
-  pinchPrecision: number = 0.05
-  minZ: number = 0.1
-  maxZ: number = FAR
-  lowerBetaLimit: number = 0.001
-  upperBetaLimit: number = Math.PI - 0.001
-
-  constructor(alpha: number, beta: number, radius: number, target: Vec3, fov: number = Math.PI / 4) {
-    this.alpha = alpha
-    this.beta = beta
-    this.radius = radius
-    this.target = target
-    this.fov = fov
-
-    // Bind event handlers
-    this.onMouseDown = this.onMouseDown.bind(this)
-    this.onMouseMove = this.onMouseMove.bind(this)
-    this.onMouseUp = this.onMouseUp.bind(this)
-    this.onWheel = this.onWheel.bind(this)
-    this.onContextMenu = this.onContextMenu.bind(this)
-    this.onTouchStart = this.onTouchStart.bind(this)
-    this.onTouchMove = this.onTouchMove.bind(this)
-    this.onTouchEnd = this.onTouchEnd.bind(this)
-  }
-
-  getPosition(): Vec3 {
-    // Convert spherical coordinates to Cartesian position
-    const x = this.target.x + this.radius * Math.sin(this.beta) * Math.sin(this.alpha)
-    const y = this.target.y + this.radius * Math.cos(this.beta)
-    const z = this.target.z + this.radius * Math.sin(this.beta) * Math.cos(this.alpha)
-    return new Vec3(x, y, z)
-  }
-
-  getViewMatrix(): Mat4 {
-    const eye = this.getPosition()
-    const up = new Vec3(0, 1, 0)
-    return Mat4.lookAt(eye, this.target, up)
-  }
-
-  // Get camera's right and up vectors for panning
-  // Uses a more robust calculation similar to BabylonJS
-  private getCameraVectors(): { right: Vec3; up: Vec3 } {
-    const eye = this.getPosition()
-    const forward = this.target.subtract(eye)
-    const forwardLen = forward.length()
-
-    // Handle edge case where camera is at target
-    if (forwardLen < 0.0001) {
-      return { right: new Vec3(1, 0, 0), up: new Vec3(0, 1, 0) }
-    }
-
-    const forwardNorm = forward.scale(1 / forwardLen)
-    const worldUp = new Vec3(0, 1, 0)
-
-    // Calculate right vector: right = worldUp × forward
-    // Use a more stable calculation that handles parallel vectors
-    let right = worldUp.cross(forwardNorm)
-    const rightLen = right.length()
-
-    // If forward is parallel to worldUp, use a fallback
-    if (rightLen < 0.0001) {
-      // Camera is looking straight up or down, use X-axis as right
-      right = new Vec3(1, 0, 0)
-    } else {
-      right = right.scale(1 / rightLen)
-    }
-
-    // Calculate camera up vector: up = forward × right (ensures orthogonality)
-    let up = forwardNorm.cross(right)
-    const upLen = up.length()
-
-    if (upLen < 0.0001) {
-      // Fallback to world up
-      up = new Vec3(0, 1, 0)
-    } else {
-      up = up.scale(1 / upLen)
-    }
-
-    return { right, up }
-  }
-
-  // Pan the camera target based on mouse movement
-  // Uses screen-space to world-space translation similar to BabylonJS
-  private panCamera(deltaX: number, deltaY: number) {
-    const { right, up } = this.getCameraVectors()
-
-    // Calculate pan distance based on camera distance
-    // The pan amount is proportional to the camera distance (radius) for consistent feel
-    // This makes panning feel natural at all zoom levels
-    const panDistance = this.radius * this.panSensitivity
-
-    // Horizontal movement: drag right pans left (opposite direction)
-    // Vertical movement: drag up pans up (positive up vector)
-    const panRight = right.scale(-deltaX * panDistance)
-    const panUp = up.scale(deltaY * panDistance)
-
-    // Update target position smoothly
-    this.target = this.target.add(panRight).add(panUp)
-  }
-
-  getProjectionMatrix(): Mat4 {
-    return Mat4.perspective(this.fov, this.aspect, this.near, this.far)
-  }
-
-  attachControl(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement) {
-    this.canvas = canvas
-
-    // Attach mouse event listeners
-    // mousedown on canvas, but move/up on window so dragging works everywhere
-    this.canvas.addEventListener("mousedown", this.onMouseDown)
-    window.addEventListener("mousemove", this.onMouseMove)
-    window.addEventListener("mouseup", this.onMouseUp)
-    this.canvas.addEventListener("wheel", this.onWheel, { passive: false })
-    this.canvas.addEventListener("contextmenu", this.onContextMenu)
-
-    // Attach touch event listeners for mobile
-    this.canvas.addEventListener("touchstart", this.onTouchStart, { passive: false })
-    window.addEventListener("touchmove", this.onTouchMove, { passive: false })
-    window.addEventListener("touchend", this.onTouchEnd)
-  }
-
-  detachControl() {
-    if (!this.canvas) return
-
-    // Remove mouse event listeners
-    this.canvas.removeEventListener("mousedown", this.onMouseDown)
-    window.removeEventListener("mousemove", this.onMouseMove)
-    window.removeEventListener("mouseup", this.onMouseUp)
-    this.canvas.removeEventListener("wheel", this.onWheel)
-    this.canvas.removeEventListener("contextmenu", this.onContextMenu)
-
-    // Remove touch event listeners
-    this.canvas.removeEventListener("touchstart", this.onTouchStart)
-    window.removeEventListener("touchmove", this.onTouchMove)
-    window.removeEventListener("touchend", this.onTouchEnd)
-
-    this.canvas = null
-  }
-
-  private onMouseDown(e: MouseEvent) {
-    this.isDragging = true
-    this.mouseButton = e.button
-    this.lastMousePos = { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY }
-  }
-
-  private onMouseMove(e: MouseEvent) {
-    if (!this.isDragging) return
-
-    const deltaX = e.clientX - this.lastMousePos.x
-    const deltaY = e.clientY - this.lastMousePos.y
-
-    if (this.mouseButton === 2) {
-      // Right-click: pan the camera target
-      this.panCamera(deltaX, deltaY)
-    } else {
-      // Left-click (or default): rotate the camera
-      this.alpha += deltaX * this.angularSensitivity
-      this.beta -= deltaY * this.angularSensitivity
-
-      // Clamp beta to prevent flipping
-      this.beta = Math.max(this.lowerBetaLimit, Math.min(this.upperBetaLimit, this.beta))
-    }
-
-    this.lastMousePos = { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY }
-  }
-
-  private onMouseUp() {
-    this.isDragging = false
-    this.mouseButton = null
-  }
-
-  private onWheel(e: WheelEvent) {
-    e.preventDefault()
-
-    // Update camera radius (zoom)
-    this.radius += e.deltaY * this.wheelPrecision
-
-    // Clamp radius to reasonable bounds
-    this.radius = Math.max(this.minZ, Math.min(this.maxZ, this.radius))
-    // Expand far plane to keep scene visible when zooming out
-    this.far = Math.max(FAR, this.radius * 4)
-  }
-
-  private onContextMenu(e: Event) {
-    e.preventDefault()
-  }
-
-  private onTouchStart(e: TouchEvent) {
-    e.preventDefault()
-
-    if (e.touches.length === 1) {
-      // Single touch - rotation
-      const touch = e.touches[0]
-      this.isDragging = true
-      this.isPinching = false
-      this.touchIdentifier = touch.identifier
-      this.lastTouchPos = { x: touch.clientX, y: touch.clientY }
-    } else if (e.touches.length === 2) {
-      // Two touches - can be pinch zoom or pan
-      this.isDragging = false
-      this.isPinching = true
-      const touch1 = e.touches[0]
-      const touch2 = e.touches[1]
-      const dx = touch2.clientX - touch1.clientX
-      const dy = touch2.clientY - touch1.clientY
-      this.lastPinchDistance = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
-      this.initialPinchDistance = this.lastPinchDistance
-
-      // Calculate initial midpoint for panning
-      this.lastPinchMidpoint = {
-        x: (touch1.clientX + touch2.clientX) / 2,
-        y: (touch1.clientY + touch2.clientY) / 2,
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  private onTouchMove(e: TouchEvent) {
-    e.preventDefault()
-
-    if (this.isPinching && e.touches.length === 2) {
-      // Two-finger gesture: can be pinch zoom or pan
-      const touch1 = e.touches[0]
-      const touch2 = e.touches[1]
-      const dx = touch2.clientX - touch1.clientX
-      const dy = touch2.clientY - touch1.clientY
-      const distance = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
-
-      // Calculate current midpoint
-      const currentMidpoint = {
-        x: (touch1.clientX + touch2.clientX) / 2,
-        y: (touch1.clientY + touch2.clientY) / 2,
-      }
-
-      // Calculate distance change and midpoint movement
-      const distanceDelta = Math.abs(distance - this.lastPinchDistance)
-      const midpointDeltaX = currentMidpoint.x - this.lastPinchMidpoint.x
-      const midpointDeltaY = currentMidpoint.y - this.lastPinchMidpoint.y
-      const midpointDelta = Math.sqrt(midpointDeltaX * midpointDeltaX + midpointDeltaY * midpointDeltaY)
-
-      // Determine gesture type based on relative changes
-      // Calculate relative change in distance (as percentage of initial distance)
-      const distanceChangeRatio = distanceDelta / Math.max(this.initialPinchDistance, 10.0)
-
-      // Threshold: if distance changes more than 3% of initial, it's primarily a zoom gesture
-      // Otherwise, if midpoint moves significantly, it's a pan gesture
-      const ZOOM_THRESHOLD = 0.03
-      const PAN_THRESHOLD = 2.0 // Minimum pixels of midpoint movement for pan
-
-      const isZoomGesture = distanceChangeRatio > ZOOM_THRESHOLD
-      const isPanGesture = midpointDelta > PAN_THRESHOLD && distanceChangeRatio < ZOOM_THRESHOLD * 2
-
-      if (isZoomGesture) {
-        // Primary gesture is zoom (pinch)
-        const delta = this.lastPinchDistance - distance
-        this.radius += delta * this.pinchPrecision
-
-        // Clamp radius to reasonable bounds
-        this.radius = Math.max(this.minZ, Math.min(this.maxZ, this.radius))
-        // Expand far plane for pinch zoom as well
-        this.far = Math.max(FAR, this.radius * 4)
-      }
-
-      if (isPanGesture) {
-        // Primary gesture is pan (two-finger drag)
-        // Use panning similar to right-click pan
-        this.panCamera(midpointDeltaX, midpointDeltaY)
-      }
-
-      // Update tracking values
-      this.lastPinchDistance = distance
-      this.lastPinchMidpoint = currentMidpoint
-    } else if (this.isDragging && this.touchIdentifier !== null) {
-      // Single-finger rotation
-      // Find the touch we're tracking
-      let touch: Touch | null = null
-      for (let i = 0; i < e.touches.length; i++) {
-        if (e.touches[i].identifier === this.touchIdentifier) {
-          touch = e.touches[i]
-          break
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (!touch) return
-
-      const deltaX = touch.clientX - this.lastTouchPos.x
-      const deltaY = touch.clientY - this.lastTouchPos.y
-
-      this.alpha += deltaX * this.angularSensitivity
-      this.beta -= deltaY * this.angularSensitivity
-
-      // Clamp beta to prevent flipping
-      this.beta = Math.max(this.lowerBetaLimit, Math.min(this.upperBetaLimit, this.beta))
-
-      this.lastTouchPos = { x: touch.clientX, y: touch.clientY }
-    }
-  }
-
-  private onTouchEnd(e: TouchEvent) {
-    if (e.touches.length === 0) {
-      // All touches ended
-      this.isDragging = false
-      this.isPinching = false
-      this.touchIdentifier = null
-      this.initialPinchDistance = 0
-    } else if (e.touches.length === 1 && this.isPinching) {
-      // Went from 2 fingers to 1 - switch to rotation
-      const touch = e.touches[0]
-      this.isPinching = false
-      this.isDragging = true
-      this.touchIdentifier = touch.identifier
-      this.lastTouchPos = { x: touch.clientX, y: touch.clientY }
-      this.initialPinchDistance = 0
-    } else if (this.touchIdentifier !== null) {
-      // Check if our tracked touch ended
-      let touchStillActive = false
-      for (let i = 0; i < e.touches.length; i++) {
-        if (e.touches[i].identifier === this.touchIdentifier) {
-          touchStillActive = true
-          break
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (!touchStillActive) {
-        this.isDragging = false
-        this.touchIdentifier = null
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
+import { Mat4, Vec3 } from "./math"
+
+const FAR = 1000
+
+export class Camera {
+  alpha: number
+  beta: number
+  radius: number
+  target: Vec3
+  fov: number
+  aspect: number = 1
+  near: number = 0.05
+  far: number = FAR
+
+  // Input state
+  private canvas: HTMLCanvasElement | null = null
+  private isDragging: boolean = false
+  private mouseButton: number | null = null // Track which mouse button is pressed (0 = left, 2 = right)
+  private lastMousePos = { x: 0, y: 0 }
+  private lastTouchPos = { x: 0, y: 0 }
+  private touchIdentifier: number | null = null
+  private isPinching: boolean = false
+  private lastPinchDistance: number = 0
+  private lastPinchMidpoint = { x: 0, y: 0 } // Midpoint of two fingers for panning
+  private initialPinchDistance: number = 0 // Initial distance when pinch started
+
+  // Camera settings
+  angularSensitivity: number = 0.005
+  panSensitivity: number = 0.0002 // Sensitivity for right-click panning
+  wheelPrecision: number = 0.01
+  pinchPrecision: number = 0.05
+  minZ: number = 0.1
+  maxZ: number = FAR
+  lowerBetaLimit: number = 0.001
+  upperBetaLimit: number = Math.PI - 0.001
+
+  constructor(alpha: number, beta: number, radius: number, target: Vec3, fov: number = Math.PI / 4) {
+    this.alpha = alpha
+    this.beta = beta
+    this.radius = radius
+    this.target = target
+    this.fov = fov
+
+    // Bind event handlers
+    this.onMouseDown = this.onMouseDown.bind(this)
+    this.onMouseMove = this.onMouseMove.bind(this)
+    this.onMouseUp = this.onMouseUp.bind(this)
+    this.onWheel = this.onWheel.bind(this)
+    this.onContextMenu = this.onContextMenu.bind(this)
+    this.onTouchStart = this.onTouchStart.bind(this)
+    this.onTouchMove = this.onTouchMove.bind(this)
+    this.onTouchEnd = this.onTouchEnd.bind(this)
+  }
+
+  getPosition(): Vec3 {
+    // Convert spherical coordinates to Cartesian position
+    const x = this.target.x + this.radius * Math.sin(this.beta) * Math.sin(this.alpha)
+    const y = this.target.y + this.radius * Math.cos(this.beta)
+    const z = this.target.z + this.radius * Math.sin(this.beta) * Math.cos(this.alpha)
+    return new Vec3(x, y, z)
+  }
+
+  getViewMatrix(): Mat4 {
+    const eye = this.getPosition()
+    const up = new Vec3(0, 1, 0)
+    return Mat4.lookAt(eye, this.target, up)
+  }
+
+  // Get camera's right and up vectors for panning
+  // Uses a more robust calculation similar to BabylonJS
+  private getCameraVectors(): { right: Vec3; up: Vec3 } {
+    const eye = this.getPosition()
+    const forward = this.target.subtract(eye)
+    const forwardLen = forward.length()
+
+    // Handle edge case where camera is at target
+    if (forwardLen < 0.0001) {
+      return { right: new Vec3(1, 0, 0), up: new Vec3(0, 1, 0) }
+    }
+
+    const forwardNorm = forward.scale(1 / forwardLen)
+    const worldUp = new Vec3(0, 1, 0)
+
+    // Calculate right vector: right = worldUp × forward
+    // Use a more stable calculation that handles parallel vectors
+    let right = worldUp.cross(forwardNorm)
+    const rightLen = right.length()
+
+    // If forward is parallel to worldUp, use a fallback
+    if (rightLen < 0.0001) {
+      // Camera is looking straight up or down, use X-axis as right
+      right = new Vec3(1, 0, 0)
+    } else {
+      right = right.scale(1 / rightLen)
+    }
+
+    // Calculate camera up vector: up = forward × right (ensures orthogonality)
+    let up = forwardNorm.cross(right)
+    const upLen = up.length()
+
+    if (upLen < 0.0001) {
+      // Fallback to world up
+      up = new Vec3(0, 1, 0)
+    } else {
+      up = up.scale(1 / upLen)
+    }
+
+    return { right, up }
+  }
+
+  // Pan the camera target based on mouse movement
+  // Uses screen-space to world-space translation similar to BabylonJS
+  private panCamera(deltaX: number, deltaY: number) {
+    const { right, up } = this.getCameraVectors()
+
+    // Calculate pan distance based on camera distance
+    // The pan amount is proportional to the camera distance (radius) for consistent feel
+    // This makes panning feel natural at all zoom levels
+    const panDistance = this.radius * this.panSensitivity
+
+    // Horizontal movement: drag right pans left (opposite direction)
+    // Vertical movement: drag up pans up (positive up vector)
+    const panRight = right.scale(-deltaX * panDistance)
+    const panUp = up.scale(deltaY * panDistance)
+
+    // Update target position smoothly
+    this.target = this.target.add(panRight).add(panUp)
+  }
+
+  getProjectionMatrix(): Mat4 {
+    return Mat4.perspective(this.fov, this.aspect, this.near, this.far)
+  }
+
+  attachControl(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement) {
+    this.canvas = canvas
+
+    // Attach mouse event listeners
+    // mousedown on canvas, but move/up on window so dragging works everywhere
+    this.canvas.addEventListener("mousedown", this.onMouseDown)
+    window.addEventListener("mousemove", this.onMouseMove)
+    window.addEventListener("mouseup", this.onMouseUp)
+    this.canvas.addEventListener("wheel", this.onWheel, { passive: false })
+    this.canvas.addEventListener("contextmenu", this.onContextMenu)
+
+    // Attach touch event listeners for mobile
+    this.canvas.addEventListener("touchstart", this.onTouchStart, { passive: false })
+    window.addEventListener("touchmove", this.onTouchMove, { passive: false })
+    window.addEventListener("touchend", this.onTouchEnd)
+  }
+
+  detachControl() {
+    if (!this.canvas) return
+
+    // Remove mouse event listeners
+    this.canvas.removeEventListener("mousedown", this.onMouseDown)
+    window.removeEventListener("mousemove", this.onMouseMove)
+    window.removeEventListener("mouseup", this.onMouseUp)
+    this.canvas.removeEventListener("wheel", this.onWheel)
+    this.canvas.removeEventListener("contextmenu", this.onContextMenu)
+
+    // Remove touch event listeners
+    this.canvas.removeEventListener("touchstart", this.onTouchStart)
+    window.removeEventListener("touchmove", this.onTouchMove)
+    window.removeEventListener("touchend", this.onTouchEnd)
+
+    this.canvas = null
+  }
+
+  private onMouseDown(e: MouseEvent) {
+    this.isDragging = true
+    this.mouseButton = e.button
+    this.lastMousePos = { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY }
+  }
+
+  private onMouseMove(e: MouseEvent) {
+    if (!this.isDragging) return
+
+    const deltaX = e.clientX - this.lastMousePos.x
+    const deltaY = e.clientY - this.lastMousePos.y
+
+    if (this.mouseButton === 2) {
+      // Right-click: pan the camera target
+      this.panCamera(deltaX, deltaY)
+    } else {
+      // Left-click (or default): rotate the camera
+      this.alpha += deltaX * this.angularSensitivity
+      this.beta -= deltaY * this.angularSensitivity
+
+      // Clamp beta to prevent flipping
+      this.beta = Math.max(this.lowerBetaLimit, Math.min(this.upperBetaLimit, this.beta))
+    }
+
+    this.lastMousePos = { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY }
+  }
+
+  private onMouseUp() {
+    this.isDragging = false
+    this.mouseButton = null
+  }
+
+  private onWheel(e: WheelEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault()
+
+    // Update camera radius (zoom)
+    this.radius += e.deltaY * this.wheelPrecision
+
+    // Clamp radius to reasonable bounds
+    this.radius = Math.max(this.minZ, Math.min(this.maxZ, this.radius))
+    // Expand far plane to keep scene visible when zooming out
+    this.far = Math.max(FAR, this.radius * 4)
+  }
+
+  private onContextMenu(e: Event) {
+    e.preventDefault()
+  }
+
+  private onTouchStart(e: TouchEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault()
+
+    if (e.touches.length === 1) {
+      // Single touch - rotation
+      const touch = e.touches[0]
+      this.isDragging = true
+      this.isPinching = false
+      this.touchIdentifier = touch.identifier
+      this.lastTouchPos = { x: touch.clientX, y: touch.clientY }
+    } else if (e.touches.length === 2) {
+      // Two touches - can be pinch zoom or pan
+      this.isDragging = false
+      this.isPinching = true
+      const touch1 = e.touches[0]
+      const touch2 = e.touches[1]
+      const dx = touch2.clientX - touch1.clientX
+      const dy = touch2.clientY - touch1.clientY
+      this.lastPinchDistance = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
+      this.initialPinchDistance = this.lastPinchDistance
+
+      // Calculate initial midpoint for panning
+      this.lastPinchMidpoint = {
+        x: (touch1.clientX + touch2.clientX) / 2,
+        y: (touch1.clientY + touch2.clientY) / 2,
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private onTouchMove(e: TouchEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault()
+
+    if (this.isPinching && e.touches.length === 2) {
+      // Two-finger gesture: can be pinch zoom or pan
+      const touch1 = e.touches[0]
+      const touch2 = e.touches[1]
+      const dx = touch2.clientX - touch1.clientX
+      const dy = touch2.clientY - touch1.clientY
+      const distance = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
+
+      // Calculate current midpoint
+      const currentMidpoint = {
+        x: (touch1.clientX + touch2.clientX) / 2,
+        y: (touch1.clientY + touch2.clientY) / 2,
+      }
+
+      // Calculate distance change and midpoint movement
+      const distanceDelta = Math.abs(distance - this.lastPinchDistance)
+      const midpointDeltaX = currentMidpoint.x - this.lastPinchMidpoint.x
+      const midpointDeltaY = currentMidpoint.y - this.lastPinchMidpoint.y
+      const midpointDelta = Math.sqrt(midpointDeltaX * midpointDeltaX + midpointDeltaY * midpointDeltaY)
+
+      // Determine gesture type based on relative changes
+      // Calculate relative change in distance (as percentage of initial distance)
+      const distanceChangeRatio = distanceDelta / Math.max(this.initialPinchDistance, 10.0)
+
+      // Threshold: if distance changes more than 3% of initial, it's primarily a zoom gesture
+      // Otherwise, if midpoint moves significantly, it's a pan gesture
+      const ZOOM_THRESHOLD = 0.03
+      const PAN_THRESHOLD = 2.0 // Minimum pixels of midpoint movement for pan
+
+      const isZoomGesture = distanceChangeRatio > ZOOM_THRESHOLD
+      const isPanGesture = midpointDelta > PAN_THRESHOLD && distanceChangeRatio < ZOOM_THRESHOLD * 2
+
+      if (isZoomGesture) {
+        // Primary gesture is zoom (pinch)
+        const delta = this.lastPinchDistance - distance
+        this.radius += delta * this.pinchPrecision
+
+        // Clamp radius to reasonable bounds
+        this.radius = Math.max(this.minZ, Math.min(this.maxZ, this.radius))
+        // Expand far plane for pinch zoom as well
+        this.far = Math.max(FAR, this.radius * 4)
+      }
+
+      if (isPanGesture) {
+        // Primary gesture is pan (two-finger drag)
+        // Use panning similar to right-click pan
+        this.panCamera(midpointDeltaX, midpointDeltaY)
+      }
+
+      // Update tracking values
+      this.lastPinchDistance = distance
+      this.lastPinchMidpoint = currentMidpoint
+    } else if (this.isDragging && this.touchIdentifier !== null) {
+      // Single-finger rotation
+      // Find the touch we're tracking
+      let touch: Touch | null = null
+      for (let i = 0; i < e.touches.length; i++) {
+        if (e.touches[i].identifier === this.touchIdentifier) {
+          touch = e.touches[i]
+          break
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!touch) return
+
+      const deltaX = touch.clientX - this.lastTouchPos.x
+      const deltaY = touch.clientY - this.lastTouchPos.y
+
+      this.alpha += deltaX * this.angularSensitivity
+      this.beta -= deltaY * this.angularSensitivity
+
+      // Clamp beta to prevent flipping
+      this.beta = Math.max(this.lowerBetaLimit, Math.min(this.upperBetaLimit, this.beta))
+
+      this.lastTouchPos = { x: touch.clientX, y: touch.clientY }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private onTouchEnd(e: TouchEvent) {
+    if (e.touches.length === 0) {
+      // All touches ended
+      this.isDragging = false
+      this.isPinching = false
+      this.touchIdentifier = null
+      this.initialPinchDistance = 0
+    } else if (e.touches.length === 1 && this.isPinching) {
+      // Went from 2 fingers to 1 - switch to rotation
+      const touch = e.touches[0]
+      this.isPinching = false
+      this.isDragging = true
+      this.touchIdentifier = touch.identifier
+      this.lastTouchPos = { x: touch.clientX, y: touch.clientY }
+      this.initialPinchDistance = 0
+    } else if (this.touchIdentifier !== null) {
+      // Check if our tracked touch ended
+      let touchStillActive = false
+      for (let i = 0; i < e.touches.length; i++) {
+        if (e.touches[i].identifier === this.touchIdentifier) {
+          touchStillActive = true
+          break
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!touchStillActive) {
+        this.isDragging = false
+        this.touchIdentifier = null
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}