recursive-set 1.0.0

package/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Christian Strerath
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/README.md

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+# RecursiveSet
+
+> Mutable, recursive set implementation for TypeScript – inspired by Cantor's and ZFC set theory.
+
+Supports arbitrary nesting, detects cycles (Foundation axiom), and includes all classic set operations (union, intersection, difference, powerset etc.).
+
+[![MIT License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-green.svg)](LICENSE)
+[![npm version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/recursive-set.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/recursive-set)
+
+---
+
+## Features
+
+✨ **Mutable, recursive sets** with arbitrary depth  
+🔍 **Extensional equality** (two sets are equal iff their elements are equal)  
+🛡️ **Cycle detection** (Foundation Axiom): prevents self-containing sets  
+🧮 **Classic set operations**: union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference  
+📐 **Power set and Cartesian product**  
+🎯 **TypeScript generics**: works with strings, numbers, objects, states, even sets of sets  
+🤖 **Ready for FSM**, mathematical, symbolic and practical use cases
+
+---
+
+## Installation
+
+```
+
+npm install recursive-set
+
+```
+
+---
+
+## Quickstart
+
+```
+
+import { RecursiveSet } from "recursive-set";
+
+const q0 = "q0", q1 = "q1";
+const eqClass = new RecursiveSet(q0, q1);    // {q0, q1}
+const classes = new RecursiveSet(eqClass);
+
+classes.add(new RecursiveSet("q2", "q3"));   // {{q0, q1}, {q2, q3}}
+
+console.log(classes.toString());             // {{q0, q1}, {q2, q3}}
+
+```
+
+---
+
+## API Reference
+
+### Constructor
+
+```
+
+new RecursiveSet<T>(...elements: Array<T | RecursiveSet<T>>)
+
+```
+
+### Methods
+
+**Mutation:**
+- `add(element: T | RecursiveSet<T>): this` – Add element (chainable)
+- `remove(element: T | RecursiveSet<T>): this` – Remove element (chainable)
+- `clear(): this` – Remove all elements (chainable)
+
+**Set Operations:**
+- `union(other: RecursiveSet<T>): RecursiveSet<T>` – A ∪ B
+- `intersection(other: RecursiveSet<T>): RecursiveSet<T>` – A ∩ B
+- `difference(other: RecursiveSet<T>): RecursiveSet<T>` – A \ B
+- `symmetricDifference(other: RecursiveSet<T>): RecursiveSet<T>` – A △ B
+
+**Advanced Operations:**
+- `powerset(): RecursiveSet<RecursiveSet<T>>` – 𝒫(A)
+- `cartesianProduct<U>(other: RecursiveSet<U>): RecursiveSet<RecursiveSet<T | U>>` – A × B
+
+**Predicates:**
+- `has(element: T | RecursiveSet<T>): boolean` – Check membership
+- `isSubset(other: RecursiveSet<T>): boolean` – Check if ⊆
+- `isSuperset(other: RecursiveSet<T>): boolean` – Check if ⊇
+- `equals(other: RecursiveSet<T>): boolean` – Structural equality
+- `isEmpty(): boolean` – Check if set is empty
+
+**Properties:**
+- `size: number` – Cardinality |A|
+- `toString(): string` – Pretty print with ∅ and {}
+
+---
+
+## Examples
+
+### Basic Usage
+
+```
+
+const s1 = new RecursiveSet(1, 2, 3);
+const s2 = new RecursiveSet(2, 3, 4);
+
+console.log(s1.union(s2));        // {1, 2, 3, 4}
+console.log(s1.intersection(s2)); // {2, 3}
+console.log(s1.difference(s2));   // {1}
+
+```
+
+### FSM Equivalence Classes
+
+```
+
+const eq1 = new RecursiveSet("q0", "q1");
+const eq2 = new RecursiveSet("q2", "q3");
+const eqClasses = new RecursiveSet(eq1, eq2);
+
+console.log(eqClasses.toString()); // {{q0, q1}, {q2, q3}}
+
+```
+
+### Power Set
+
+```
+
+const set = new RecursiveSet(1, 2);
+const power = set.powerset();
+
+console.log(power.toString()); // {∅, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}}
+
+```
+
+### Foundation Axiom (Cycle Detection)
+
+```
+
+const s = new RecursiveSet(1, 2);
+try {
+s.add(s);    // ❌ Throws error
+} catch (e) {
+console.error(e.message); // "Foundation axiom violated..."
+}
+
+```
+
+### Method Chaining
+
+```
+
+const set = new RecursiveSet(1, 2)
+.add(3)
+.add(4)
+.remove(1);
+
+console.log(set); // {2, 3, 4}
+
+```
+
+---
+
+## Use Cases
+
+- **Finite State Machine (FSM) minimization**: Equivalence classes of states
+- **Set theory algorithms**: Implement mathematical proofs and algorithms
+- **Graph algorithms**: Represent node sets and partitions
+- **Compiler design**: Symbol tables, scope analysis
+- **Type systems**: Type inference and unification
+
+---
+
+## Development
+
+```
+
+
+# Clone repository
+
+git clone https://github.com/<USERNAME>/recursive-set.git
+cd recursive-set
+
+# Install dependencies
+
+npm install
+
+# Build
+
+npm run build
+
+# Run tests
+
+npx tsx test.ts
+
+```
+
+---
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.
+
+---
+
+## License
+
+MIT License  
+© 2025 Christian Strerath
+
+See [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details.
+
+---
+
+## Acknowledgments
+
+Inspired by:
+- Cantor's set theory
+- Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice (ZFC)
+- Practical needs in FSM algorithms and formal language theory

package/package.json

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+{
+  "name": "recursive-set",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Mutable recursive sets with ZFC axioms for TypeScript",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+  "type": "module",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "import": "./dist/index.js",
+      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
+    }
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "tsc",
+    "watch": "tsc --watch",
+    "clean": "rm -rf dist",
+    "test": "tsx test.ts"
+  },
+  "keywords": [
+    "set-theory",
+    "zfc",
+    "cantor",
+    "recursive",
+    "data-structure",
+    "typescript",
+    "fsm",
+    "formal-languages"
+  ],
+  "author": "Christian Strerath",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/<USERNAME>/recursive-set.git"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/<USERNAME>/recursive-set/issues"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/<USERNAME>/recursive-set#readme",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/node": "^20.0.0",
+    "tsx": "^4.20.6",
+    "typescript": "^5.6.0"
+  }
+}

package/src/index.ts

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+/**
+ * @module recursive-set
+ * A mutable recursive set implementation enforcing Cantor's ZFC axioms
+ */
+
+/**
+ * RecursiveSet: Mutable set with arbitrary nesting depth
+ * 
+ * Enforced ZFC Axioms (as class invariants):
+ * - Extensionality: Sets with same elements are equal
+ * - Foundation (Regularity): No membership cycles allowed
+ * - Power Set: Can construct 𝒫(A) for any set A
+ * - Union: Can construct A ∪ B for any sets A, B
+ * - Pairing: Can construct {a, b} for any elements a, b
+ */
+export class RecursiveSet<T = any> {
+    private _elements: Set<T | RecursiveSet<T>>;
+    
+    constructor(...elements: Array<T | RecursiveSet<T>>) {
+        this._elements = new Set();
+        for (const el of elements) {
+            this._addElement(el);
+        }
+        this._checkInvariants();
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Internal: Add element with cycle detection (Foundation axiom)
+     */
+    private _addElement(el: T | RecursiveSet<T>): void {
+        if (el instanceof RecursiveSet) {
+            if (this._wouldCreateCycle(el)) {
+                throw new Error(
+                    "Foundation axiom violated: adding this element would create a membership cycle"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        this._elements.add(el);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if adding element would violate Foundation axiom
+     */
+    private _wouldCreateCycle(element: RecursiveSet<T>): boolean {
+        const visited = new Set<RecursiveSet<any>>();
+        const toCheck: RecursiveSet<any>[] = [element];
+        
+        while (toCheck.length > 0) {
+            const current = toCheck.pop()!;
+            if (current === this) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (visited.has(current)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            visited.add(current);
+            
+            for (const el of current._elements) {
+                if (el instanceof RecursiveSet) {
+                    toCheck.push(el);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Verify class invariants (Design by Contract)
+     */
+    private _checkInvariants(): void {
+        // Extensionality: enforced by Set semantics
+        // Foundation: enforced by _wouldCreateCycle
+        // Well-definedness: enforced by TypeScript type system
+        
+        // Additional runtime checks can be added here
+        if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {
+            // More expensive checks only in development
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // === Mutable Operations ===
+    
+    /**
+     * Add element to this set (Pairing axiom)
+     * @returns this for method chaining
+     */
+    add(element: T | RecursiveSet<T>): this {
+        this._addElement(element);
+        this._checkInvariants();
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Remove element from this set
+     * @returns this for method chaining
+     */
+    remove(element: T | RecursiveSet<T>): this {
+        this._elements.delete(element);
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Remove all elements
+     * @returns this for method chaining
+     */
+    clear(): this {
+        this._elements.clear();
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    // === Immutable Operations (return new sets) ===
+    
+    /**
+     * Union of two sets (Union axiom)
+     * Returns A ∪ B
+     */
+    union(other: RecursiveSet<T>): RecursiveSet<T> {
+        const result = new RecursiveSet<T>();
+        result._elements = new Set([...this._elements, ...other._elements]);
+        return result;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Intersection of two sets
+     * Returns A ∩ B
+     */
+    intersection(other: RecursiveSet<T>): RecursiveSet<T> {
+        const result = new RecursiveSet<T>();
+        for (const el of this._elements) {
+            if (other.has(el)) {
+                result._elements.add(el);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Set difference
+     * Returns A \ B (elements in A but not in B)
+     */
+    difference(other: RecursiveSet<T>): RecursiveSet<T> {
+        const result = new RecursiveSet<T>();
+        for (const el of this._elements) {
+            if (!other.has(el)) {
+                result._elements.add(el);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Symmetric difference
+     * Returns A △ B (elements in either but not both)
+     */
+    symmetricDifference(other: RecursiveSet<T>): RecursiveSet<T> {
+        return this.union(other).difference(this.intersection(other));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Power set construction (Power Set axiom)
+     * Returns 𝒫(A) - set of all subsets
+     */
+    powerset(): RecursiveSet<RecursiveSet<T>> {
+        const elements = Array.from(this._elements);
+        const subsets: RecursiveSet<T>[] = [];
+        
+        // Generate all 2^n subsets
+        const n = elements.length;
+        for (let i = 0; i < (1 << n); i++) {
+            const subset = new RecursiveSet<T>();
+            for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+                if (i & (1 << j)) {
+                    subset._elements.add(elements[j]);
+                }
+            }
+            subsets.push(subset);
+        }
+        
+        return new RecursiveSet<RecursiveSet<T>>(...subsets);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Cartesian product
+     * Returns A × B as set of ordered pairs {{a}, {a,b}}
+     */
+    cartesianProduct<U>(other: RecursiveSet<U>): RecursiveSet<RecursiveSet<T | U>> {
+        const pairs: RecursiveSet<T | U>[] = [];
+        
+        for (const x of this._elements) {
+            for (const y of other._elements) {
+                // Kuratowski ordered pair: (x,y) := {{x}, {x,y}}
+                const pair = new RecursiveSet<T | U>(
+                    new RecursiveSet<T | U>(x),
+                    new RecursiveSet<T | U>(x, y)
+                );
+                pairs.push(pair);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        return new RecursiveSet<RecursiveSet<T | U>>(...pairs);
+    }
+    
+    // === Predicates ===
+    
+    /**
+     * Check membership (∈)
+     */
+    has(element: T | RecursiveSet<T>): boolean {
+        return this._elements.has(element);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if subset (⊆)
+     */
+    isSubset(other: RecursiveSet<T>): boolean {
+        for (const el of this._elements) {
+            if (!other.has(el)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if superset (⊇)
+     */
+    isSuperset(other: RecursiveSet<T>): boolean {
+        return other.isSubset(this);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if proper subset (⊂)
+     */
+    isProperSubset(other: RecursiveSet<T>): boolean {
+        return this.isSubset(other) && !this.equals(other);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Check if empty set
+     */
+    isEmpty(): boolean {
+        return this._elements.size === 0;
+    }
+    
+    // === Extensionality (Equality) ===
+    
+    /**
+     * Structural equality (Extensionality axiom)
+     * Two sets are equal iff they have the same elements
+     */
+    equals(other: RecursiveSet<T>): boolean {
+        if (this._elements.size !== other._elements.size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        for (const el of this._elements) {
+            if (el instanceof RecursiveSet) {
+                // Deep comparison for nested sets
+                let found = false;
+                for (const otherEl of other._elements) {
+                    if (otherEl instanceof RecursiveSet && el.equals(otherEl)) {
+                        found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!found) return false;
+            } else {
+                if (!other.has(el)) return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    // === Utility ===
+    
+    /**
+     * Cardinality |A|
+     */
+    get size(): number {
+        return this._elements.size;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Convert to native Set (shallow)
+     */
+    toSet(): Set<T | RecursiveSet<T>> {
+        return new Set(this._elements);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Iterate over elements
+     */
+    *[Symbol.iterator](): Iterator<T | RecursiveSet<T>> {
+        yield* this._elements;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Pretty print with mathematical notation
+     */
+    toString(): string {
+        if (this.isEmpty()) {
+            return "∅";
+        }
+        
+        const elements = Array.from(this._elements).map(el => {
+            if (el instanceof RecursiveSet) {
+                return el.toString();
+            }
+            return String(el);
+        });
+        
+        return `{${elements.join(", ")}}`;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * For console.log
+     */
+    [Symbol.for('nodejs.util.inspect.custom')](): string {
+        return this.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+// === Helper Functions ===
+
+/**
+ * Create empty set (Null Set axiom)
+ */
+export function emptySet<T = any>(): RecursiveSet<T> {
+    return new RecursiveSet<T>();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create singleton set
+ */
+export function singleton<T>(element: T): RecursiveSet<T> {
+    return new RecursiveSet<T>(element);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create set from iterable
+ */
+export function fromIterable<T>(iterable: Iterable<T>): RecursiveSet<T> {
+    return new RecursiveSet<T>(...iterable);
+}

package/test.ts

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+import { RecursiveSet } from './src/index.js';
+
+console.log('=== RecursiveSet Test Suite ===\n');
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 1: Basic FSM State Sets
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 1: Basic State Sets ---');
+const q0 = "q0";
+const q1 = "q1";
+const q2 = "q2";
+const q3 = "q3";
+
+const eqClass1 = new RecursiveSet(q0, q1);
+const eqClass2 = new RecursiveSet(q2, q3);
+console.log(`Equivalence class 1: ${eqClass1}`);
+console.log(`Equivalence class 2: ${eqClass2}`);
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 2: Sets of Sets (Equivalence Classes)
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 2: Sets of Sets ---');
+const eqClasses = new RecursiveSet(eqClass1, eqClass2);
+console.log(`Equivalence classes: ${eqClasses}`);
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 3: Mutability - Adding Elements
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 3: Mutability ---');
+const eqClass3 = new RecursiveSet("q4");
+eqClasses.add(eqClass3);
+console.log(`After adding {q4}: ${eqClasses}`);
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 4: Extensionality (Structural Equality)
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 4: Extensionality Axiom ---');
+const eqClass1_copy = new RecursiveSet("q0", "q1");
+console.log(`eqClass1: ${eqClass1}`);
+console.log(`eqClass1_copy: ${eqClass1_copy}`);
+console.log(`Are they equal? ${eqClass1.equals(eqClass1_copy)}`);
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 5: Empty Set Handling
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 5: Empty Set ---');
+const emptyClass = new RecursiveSet();
+const eqClassesWithEmpty = new RecursiveSet(eqClass1, emptyClass);
+console.log(`With empty class: ${eqClassesWithEmpty}`);
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 6: Deep Nesting
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 6: Deep Nesting ---');
+const nested = new RecursiveSet(eqClasses, eqClassesWithEmpty);
+console.log(`Nested structure: ${nested}`);
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 7: Set Operations
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 7: Set Operations ---');
+const difference = eqClasses.difference(new RecursiveSet(eqClass2));
+console.log(`eqClasses - {eqClass2} = ${difference}`);
+
+const union = eqClass1.union(eqClass2);
+console.log(`eqClass1 ∪ eqClass2 = ${union}`);
+
+const intersection = new RecursiveSet(q0, q1, q2).intersection(new RecursiveSet(q1, q2, q3));
+console.log(`{q0, q1, q2} ∩ {q1, q2, q3} = ${intersection}`);
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 8: Power Set
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 8: Power Set ---');
+const small = new RecursiveSet(1, 2);
+const power = small.powerset();
+console.log(`𝒫({1, 2}) = ${power}`);
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 9: Foundation Axiom (Cycle Detection)
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 9: Foundation Axiom ---');
+try {
+    const circular = new RecursiveSet(1, 2);
+    circular.add(circular);
+    console.log('❌ ERROR: Cycle should have been detected!');
+} catch (e: any) {
+    console.log(`✓ Cycle detected: ${e.message}`);
+}
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 10: Subset Relations
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('--- Test 10: Subset Relations ---');
+const setA = new RecursiveSet(1, 2, 3);
+const setB = new RecursiveSet(1, 2);
+console.log(`A = ${setA}`);
+console.log(`B = ${setB}`);
+console.log(`B ⊆ A? ${setB.isSubset(setA)}`);
+console.log(`A ⊆ B? ${setA.isSubset(setB)}`);
+console.log();
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Summary
+// ============================================================================
+console.log('=== All Tests Completed Successfully ✓ ===');

package/tsconfig.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2022",                  /* Modern JavaScript */
+    "module": "ES2022",                  /* ESM modules */
+    "lib": ["ES2022"],                   /* Available APIs */
+    "outDir": "./dist",                  /* Compiled JS output directory */
+    "rootDir": "./src",                  /* TypeScript source files */
+    "declaration": true,                 /* Generate .d.ts type files */
+    "declarationMap": true,              /* Source maps for types */
+    "sourceMap": true,                   /* Source maps for debugging */
+    "strict": true,                      /* Enable all strict checks */
+    "esModuleInterop": true,             /* Better module compatibility */
+    "skipLibCheck": true,                /* Faster compilation */
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "moduleResolution": "node"           /* Node.js module resolution */
+  },
+  "include": ["src/**/*"],               /* Files to compile */
+  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]    /* Files to ignore */
+}