react-router 7.15.1 → 8.0.0-pre.0

package/docs/how-to/accessibility.md

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+---
+title: Accessibility
+---
+
+# Accessibility
+
+Accessibility in a React Router app looks a lot like accessibility on the web in general. Using proper semantic markup and following the [Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)][wcag] will get you most of the way there.
+
+React Router makes certain accessibility practices the default where possible and provides APIs to help where it's not.
+
+## Links
+
+[MODES: framework, data, declarative]
+
+<br/>
+<br/>
+
+The [`<Link>` component][link] renders a standard anchor tag, meaning that you get its accessibility behaviors from the browser for free!
+
+React Router also provides the [`<NavLink/>`][navlink] which behaves the same as `<Link>`, but it also provides context for assistive technology when the link points to the current page. This is useful for building navigation menus or breadcrumbs.
+
+## Routing
+
+[MODES: framework]
+
+<br/>
+<br/>
+
+If you are rendering [`<Scripts>`][scripts] in your app, there are some important things to consider to make client-side routing more accessible for your users.
+
+With a traditional multi-page website we don't have to think about route changes too much. Your app renders an anchor tag, and the browser handles the rest. If your users disable JavaScript, your React Router app should already work this way by default!
+
+When the client scripts in React Router are loaded, React Router takes control of routing and prevents the browser's default behavior. React Router doesn't make any assumptions about your UI as the route changes. There are some important features you'll want to consider as a result, including:
+
+- **Focus management:** What element receives focus when the route changes? This is important for keyboard users and can be helpful for screen-reader users.
+- **Live-region announcements:** Screen-reader users also benefit from announcements when a route has changed. You may want to also notify them during certain transition states depending on the nature of the change and how long loading is expected to take.
+
+In 2019, [Marcy Sutton led and published findings from user research][marcy-sutton-led-and-published-findings-from-user-research] to help developers build accessible client-side routing experiences.
+
+[link]: ../api/components/Link
+[navlink]: ../api/components/NavLink
+[scripts]: ../api/components/Scripts
+[wcag]: https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/
+[marcy-sutton-led-and-published-findings-from-user-research]: https://www.gatsbyjs.com/blog/2019-07-11-user-testing-accessible-client-routing

package/docs/how-to/client-data.md

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+---
+title: Client Data
+---
+
+# Client Data
+
+[MODES: framework]
+
+<br/>
+<br/>
+
+You can fetch and mutate data directly in the browser using `clientLoader` and `clientAction` functions.
+
+These functions are the primary mechanism for data handling when using [SPA mode][spa]. This guide demonstrates common use cases for leveraging client data in Server-Side Rendering (SSR).
+
+## Skip the Server Hop
+
+When using React Router with a Backend-For-Frontend (BFF) architecture, you might want to bypass the React Router server and communicate directly with your backend API. This approach requires proper authentication handling and assumes no CORS restrictions. Here's how to implement this:
+
+1. Load the data from server `loader` on the document load
+2. Load the data from the `clientLoader` on all subsequent loads
+
+In this scenario, React Router will _not_ call the `clientLoader` on hydration - and will only call it on subsequent navigations.
+
+```tsx lines=[4,11]
+export async function loader({
+  request,
+}: Route.LoaderArgs) {
+  const data = await fetchApiFromServer({ request }); // (1)
+  return data;
+}
+
+export async function clientLoader({
+  request,
+}: Route.ClientLoaderArgs) {
+  const data = await fetchApiFromClient({ request }); // (2)
+  return data;
+}
+```
+
+## Fullstack State
+
+Sometimes you need to combine data from both the server and browser (like IndexedDB or browser SDKs) before rendering a component. Here's how to implement this pattern:
+
+1. Load the partial data from server `loader` on the document load
+2. Export a [`HydrateFallback`][hydratefallback] component to render during SSR because we don't yet have a full set of data
+3. Set `clientLoader.hydrate = true`, this instructs React Router to call the clientLoader as part of initial document hydration
+4. Combine the server data with the client data in `clientLoader`
+
+```tsx lines=[4-6,19-20,23,26]
+export async function loader({
+  request,
+}: Route.LoaderArgs) {
+  const partialData = await getPartialDataFromDb({
+    request,
+  }); // (1)
+  return partialData;
+}
+
+export async function clientLoader({
+  request,
+  serverLoader,
+}: Route.ClientLoaderArgs) {
+  const [serverData, clientData] = await Promise.all([
+    serverLoader(),
+    getClientData(request),
+  ]);
+  return {
+    ...serverData, // (4)
+    ...clientData, // (4)
+  };
+}
+clientLoader.hydrate = true as const; // (3)
+
+export function HydrateFallback() {
+  return <p>Skeleton rendered during SSR</p>; // (2)
+}
+
+export default function Component({
+  // This will always be the combined set of server + client data
+  loaderData,
+}: Route.ComponentProps) {
+  return <>...</>;
+}
+```
+
+## Choosing Server or Client Data Loading
+
+You can mix data loading strategies across your application, choosing between server-only or client-only data loading for each route. Here's how to implement both approaches:
+
+1. Export a `loader` when you want to use server data
+2. Export `clientLoader` and a `HydrateFallback` when you want to use client data
+
+A route that only depends on a server loader looks like this:
+
+```tsx filename=app/routes/server-data-route.tsx
+export async function loader({
+  request,
+}: Route.LoaderArgs) {
+  const data = await getServerData(request);
+  return data;
+}
+
+export default function Component({
+  loaderData, // (1) - server data
+}: Route.ComponentProps) {
+  return <>...</>;
+}
+```
+
+A route that only depends on a client loader looks like this.
+
+```tsx filename=app/routes/client-data-route.tsx
+export async function clientLoader({
+  request,
+}: Route.ClientLoaderArgs) {
+  const clientData = await getClientData(request);
+  return clientData;
+}
+// Note: you do not have to set this explicitly - it is implied if there is no `loader`
+clientLoader.hydrate = true;
+
+// (2)
+export function HydrateFallback() {
+  return <p>Skeleton rendered during SSR</p>;
+}
+
+export default function Component({
+  loaderData, // (2) - client data
+}: Route.ComponentProps) {
+  return <>...</>;
+}
+```
+
+## Client-Side Caching
+
+You can implement client-side caching (using memory, localStorage, etc.) to optimize server requests. Here's a pattern that demonstrates cache management:
+
+1. Load the data from server `loader` on the document load
+2. Set `clientLoader.hydrate = true` to prime the cache
+3. Load subsequent navigations from the cache via `clientLoader`
+4. Invalidate the cache in your `clientAction`
+
+Note that since we are not exporting a `HydrateFallback` component, we will SSR the route component and then run the `clientLoader` on hydration, so it's important that your `loader` and `clientLoader` return the same data on initial load to avoid hydration errors.
+
+```tsx lines=[4,26,32,39,46]
+export async function loader({
+  request,
+}: Route.LoaderArgs) {
+  const data = await getDataFromDb({ request }); // (1)
+  return data;
+}
+
+export async function action({
+  request,
+}: Route.ActionArgs) {
+  await saveDataToDb({ request });
+  return { ok: true };
+}
+
+let isInitialRequest = true;
+
+export async function clientLoader({
+  request,
+  serverLoader,
+}: Route.ClientLoaderArgs) {
+  const cacheKey = generateKey(request);
+
+  if (isInitialRequest) {
+    isInitialRequest = false;
+    const serverData = await serverLoader();
+    cache.set(cacheKey, serverData); // (2)
+    return serverData;
+  }
+
+  const cachedData = await cache.get(cacheKey);
+  if (cachedData) {
+    return cachedData; // (3)
+  }
+
+  const serverData = await serverLoader();
+  cache.set(cacheKey, serverData);
+  return serverData;
+}
+clientLoader.hydrate = true; // (2)
+
+export async function clientAction({
+  request,
+  serverAction,
+}: Route.ClientActionArgs) {
+  const cacheKey = generateKey(request);
+  cache.delete(cacheKey); // (4)
+  const serverData = await serverAction();
+  return serverData;
+}
+```
+
+[spa]: ../how-to/spa
+[hydratefallback]: ../start/framework/route-module#hydratefallback

package/docs/how-to/data-strategy.md

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+---
+title: Data Strategy
+---
+
+# Data Strategy
+
+[MODES: data]
+
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<docs-warning>This is a low-level API intended for advanced use-cases. This overrides React Router's internal handling of `action`/`loader` execution, and if done incorrectly will break your app code. Please use with caution and perform the appropriate testing.</docs-warning>
+
+## Overview
+
+By default, React Router is opinionated about how your data is loaded/submitted - and most notably, executes all of your [`loader`][loader] functions in parallel for optimal data fetching. While we think this is the right behavior for most use-cases, we realize that there is no "one size fits all" solution when it comes to data fetching for the wide landscape of application requirements.
+
+The [`dataStrategy`][data-strategy] option gives you full control over how your [`action`][action]/[`loader`][loader] functions are executed and lays the foundation to build in more advanced APIs such as middleware, context, and caching layers. Over time, we expect that we'll leverage this API internally to bring more first class APIs to React Router, but until then (and beyond), this is your way to add more advanced functionality for your application's data needs.
+
+## Usage
+
+A custom `dataStrategy` receives the `loader`/`action` arguments (`request`, `params`, `context`) plus a few more that allow you to decide how you want to control the executions for your application:
+
+- `matches`: An array of `DataStrategyMatch` instances for the routes matched by the current `request`
+- `runClientMiddleware`: A helper function to run the middleware for the matched routes
+- `fetcherKey`: The fetcher key if this is for a fetcher request and not a navigation
+
+A `DataStrategyMatch` is a normal route match plus a few additional fields:
+
+- `shouldCallHandler`: A function that tells you whether this routes handler should be called for this request
+- `shouldRevalidateArgs`: The arguments that to be passed to the routes `shouldRevalidate` for this request
+- ~~`shouldLoad`~~: A boolean field for whether this routes handler should be run for this request
+  - Deprecated in favor of the more powerful `shouldCallHandler` API
+- `resolve`: A function to handle call through to the route handler, and also allow you custom execution of the handler
+
+Here's a basic example that adds logging around the handler executions:
+
+```tsx
+let router = createBrowserRouter(routes, {
+  async dataStrategy({
+    matches,
+    request,
+    runClientMiddleware,
+  }) {
+    // Determine which matches are expected to be executed for this request.
+    // - For loading navigations, this will return true for new routes + existing
+    //   routes requiring revalidation
+    // - For submission navigations, this will only return true for the action route
+    // - For fetcher calls, this will only return true for the fetcher route
+    const matchesToLoad = matches.filter((m) =>
+      m.shouldCallHandler(),
+    );
+
+    // For each match that we want to execute, call match.resolve() to execute
+    // the handler and store the result
+    const results: Record<string, DataStrategyResult> = {};
+    await runClientMiddleware(() =>
+      Promise.all(
+        matchesToLoad.map(async (match) => {
+          console.log(`Processing ${match.route.id}`);
+          // The resolve function calls through to the route handler
+          results[match.route.id] = await match.resolve();
+        }),
+      ),
+    );
+    return results;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+The `dataStrategy` function should return a `Record<string, DataStrategyResult>` which contains the result for each handler that was executed. A `DataStrategyResult` is just a wrapper object that indicates if the handler returned or threw:
+
+```ts
+interface DataStrategyResult {
+  type: "data" | "error";
+  result: unknown; // data, Error, Response, data()
+}
+```
+
+### Calling Route Middleware
+
+If you are using `middleware` on your routes, you need to leverage the `callClientMiddleware` helper function to execute `middleware` around your handlers:
+
+```tsx
+let router = createBrowserRouter(routes, {
+  async dataStrategy({
+    matches,
+    request,
+    runClientMiddleware,
+  }) {
+    const matchesToLoad = matches.filter((m) =>
+      m.shouldCallHandler(),
+    );
+    const results: Record<string, DataStrategyResult> = {};
+
+    // Run middleware and execute handlers at the end of the middleware chain
+    await runClientMiddleware(() =>
+      Promise.all(
+        matchesToLoad.map(async (match) => {
+          results[match.route.id] = await match.resolve();
+        }),
+      ),
+    );
+    return results;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+`runClientMiddleware` takes the same arguments as `dataStrategy` so it can also be easily composed with a standalone `dataStrategy` implementation:
+
+```tsx
+const loggingDataStrategy: DataStrategyFunction = () => {
+  /* ... */
+};
+
+let router = createBrowserRouter(routes, {
+  async dataStrategy({ runClientMiddleware }) {
+    let results = await runClientMiddleware(
+      loggingDataStrategy,
+    );
+    return results;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Advanced handler execution
+
+If you want more fine-grained control over the execution of the handler, you can pass a callback to `match.resolve()`:
+
+```tsx
+// Assume a loader shape such as
+function loader({ request }, customContext) {...}
+
+// In your dataStrategy, you can pass this context from inside a resolve callback
+await Promise.all(
+  matchesToLoad.map((match, i) =>
+    match.resolve((handler) => {
+      let customContext = getCustomContext();
+      // Call the handler and p[ass a custom parameter as the handler's second argument
+      return handler(customContext);
+    }),
+  ),
+);
+```
+
+### Custom Revalidation Behavior
+
+If you want to alter the revalidation behavior, you can pass your own `defaultShouldRevalidate` to `match.shouldCallHandler()` which will pass through to any route level `shouldRevalidate` functions. The arguments that would be passed to the route level `shouldRevalidate` are available on `match.shouldRevalidateArgs`:
+
+```tsx
+const matchesToLoad = matches.filter((match) => {
+  let defaultShouldRevalidate = customShouldRevalidate(
+    match.shouldRevalidateArgs,
+  );
+  return m.shouldCallHandler(defaultShouldRevalidate);
+});
+```
+
+## Migrating away from `shouldLoad`
+
+Now that we have stabilized the new `match.shouldCallHandler()`/`match.shouldRevalidateArgs` fields, it's recommended to move away from the now-deprecated `match.shouldLoad` API. The prior boolean approach did not allow for custom `dataStrategy`functions to alter the default revalidation behavior, so the new function-based APIs were created to allow that.
+
+The major difference between these two APIs is that when using `shouldLoad`, calling `resolve()` would _only_ call the handler if `shouldLoad` was `true`. You could safely call it for all matches even if only a subset needed to have their handlers executed.
+
+With `shouldCallHandler`, you are in charge of which handlers should be called so calling resolve will automatically call the handler. You should only call resolve on a the set of matches you wish to run handlers for.
+
+Here's an example change from the prior API to the new API. Note that we pre-filter the `matchesToLoad` before calling `resolve()`:
+
+```diff
+let results = {};
++let matchesToLoad = matches.filter(m => m.shouldCallHandler());
+await Promise.all(() =>
+-  matches.map((m) => {
++  matchesToLoad.map((m) => {
+    results[m.route.id] = await m.resolve();
+  }),
+);
+return results;
+```
+
+## Advanced Use Cases
+
+### Custom Middleware
+
+<docs-info>This is an unlikely use-case now that React Router has built-in middleware, but if you wish to use a custom middleware you can do so with a `dataStrategy`.</docs-info>
+
+Let's define a middleware on each route via [`handle`](../../start/data/route-object#handle)
+and call middleware sequentially first, then call all
+[`loader`](../../start/data/route-object#loader)s in parallel - providing
+any data made available via the middleware:
+
+```ts
+const routes = [
+  {
+    id: "parent",
+    path: "/parent",
+    loader({ request }, context) {
+      // ...
+    },
+    handle: {
+      async middleware({ request }, context) {
+        context.parent = "PARENT MIDDLEWARE";
+      },
+    },
+    children: [
+      {
+        id: "child",
+        path: "child",
+        loader({ request }, context) {
+          // ...
+        },
+        handle: {
+          async middleware({ request }, context) {
+            context.child = "CHILD MIDDLEWARE";
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+];
+
+let router = createBrowserRouter(routes, {
+  async dataStrategy({ matches, params, request }) {
+    // Run middleware sequentially and let them add data to `context`
+    let context = {};
+    for (const match of matches) {
+      if (match.route.handle?.middleware) {
+        await match.route.handle.middleware(
+          { request, params },
+          context,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Run loaders in parallel with the `context` value
+    let matchesToLoad = matches.filter((m) =>
+      m.shouldCallHandler(),
+    );
+    let results = await Promise.all(
+      matchesToLoad.map((match, i) =>
+        match.resolve((handler) => {
+          // Whatever you pass to `handler` will be passed as the 2nd parameter
+          // to your loader/action
+          return handler(context);
+        }),
+      ),
+    );
+    return results.reduce(
+      (acc, result, i) =>
+        Object.assign(acc, {
+          [matchesToLoad[i].route.id]: result,
+        }),
+      {},
+    );
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Custom Handler
+
+It's also possible you don't even want to define a [`loader`](../../start/daoute-object#loader)
+implementation at the route level. Maybe you want to just determine the
+routes and issue a single GraphQL request for all of your data. You can do
+that by setting your `route.loader=true` so it qualifies as "having a
+loader", and then store GQL fragments on `route.handle`:
+
+```ts
+const routes = [
+  {
+    id: "parent",
+    path: "/parent",
+    loader: true,
+    handle: {
+      gql: gql`
+        fragment Parent on Whatever {
+          parentField
+        }
+      `,
+    },
+    children: [
+      {
+        id: "child",
+        path: "child",
+        loader: true,
+        handle: {
+          gql: gql`
+            fragment Child on Whatever {
+              childField
+            }
+          `,
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+];
+
+let router = createBrowserRouter(routes, {
+  async dataStrategy({ matches, params, request }) {
+    const matchesToLoad = matches.filter((m) =>
+      m.shouldCallHandler(),
+    );
+    // Compose route fragments into a single GQL payload
+    let gql = getFragmentsFromRouteHandles(matchesToLoad);
+    let data = await fetchGql(gql);
+    // Parse results back out into individual route level `DataStrategyResult`'s
+    // keyed by `routeId`
+    let results = parseResultsFromGql(matchesToLoad, data);
+    return results;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+Note that we never actually call `match.resolve()` in this scenario since we don't want to call the handlers defined on the routes. We instead make a single GQL call and split the resulting data back out to the proper routes in `results`.
+
+[loader]: ../start/data/route-object#loader
+[action]: ../start/data/route-object#action
+[data-strategy]: ../api/data-routers/createBrowserRouter#optsdatastrategy