react-native-zeroconf 0.13.8 → 0.15.0

package/android/src/main/jni/mdnsresponder/mDNSShared/dns_sd.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2452 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C; tab-width: 4 -*-
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3.  Neither the name of Apple Computer, Inc. ("Apple") nor the names of its
+ *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+ *     software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+
+/*! @header     DNS Service Discovery
+ *
+ * @discussion  This section describes the functions, callbacks, and data structures
+ *              that make up the DNS Service Discovery API.
+ *
+ *              The DNS Service Discovery API is part of Bonjour, Apple's implementation
+ *              of zero-configuration networking (ZEROCONF).
+ *
+ *              Bonjour allows you to register a network service, such as a
+ *              printer or file server, so that it can be found by name or browsed
+ *              for by service type and domain. Using Bonjour, applications can
+ *              discover what services are available on the network, along with
+ *              all the information -- such as name, IP address, and port --
+ *              necessary to access a particular service.
+ *
+ *              In effect, Bonjour combines the functions of a local DNS server and
+ *              AppleTalk. Bonjour allows applications to provide user-friendly printer
+ *              and server browsing, among other things, over standard IP networks.
+ *              This behavior is a result of combining protocols such as multicast and
+ *              DNS to add new functionality to the network (such as multicast DNS).
+ *
+ *              Bonjour gives applications easy access to services over local IP
+ *              networks without requiring the service or the application to support
+ *              an AppleTalk or a Netbeui stack, and without requiring a DNS server
+ *              for the local network.
+ */
+
+
+/* _DNS_SD_H contains the mDNSResponder version number for this header file, formatted as follows:
+ *   Major part of the build number * 10000 +
+ *   minor part of the build number *   100
+ * For example, Mac OS X 10.4.9 has mDNSResponder-108.4, which would be represented as
+ * version 1080400. This allows C code to do simple greater-than and less-than comparisons:
+ * e.g. an application that requires the DNSServiceGetProperty() call (new in mDNSResponder-126) can check:
+ *
+ *   #if _DNS_SD_H+0 >= 1260000
+ *   ... some C code that calls DNSServiceGetProperty() ...
+ *   #endif
+ *
+ * The version defined in this header file symbol allows for compile-time
+ * checking, so that C code building with earlier versions of the header file
+ * can avoid compile errors trying to use functions that aren't even defined
+ * in those earlier versions. Similar checks may also be performed at run-time:
+ *  => weak linking -- to avoid link failures if run with an earlier
+ *     version of the library that's missing some desired symbol, or
+ *  => DNSServiceGetProperty(DaemonVersion) -- to verify whether the running daemon
+ *     ("system service" on Windows) meets some required minimum functionality level.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _DNS_SD_H
+#define _DNS_SD_H 3201080
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+    extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Set to 1 if libdispatch is supported
+ * Note: May also be set by project and/or Makefile
+ */
+#ifndef _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH
+#define _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH 0
+#endif /* ndef _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH */
+
+/* standard calling convention under Win32 is __stdcall */
+/* Note: When compiling Intel EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) under MS Visual Studio, the */
+/* _WIN32 symbol is defined by the compiler even though it's NOT compiling code for Windows32 */
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(EFI32) && !defined(EFI64)
+#define DNSSD_API __stdcall
+#else
+#define DNSSD_API
+#endif
+
+/* stdint.h does not exist on FreeBSD 4.x; its types are defined in sys/types.h instead */
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__) && (__FreeBSD__ < 5)
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+/* Likewise, on Sun, standard integer types are in sys/types.h */
+#elif defined(__sun__)
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+/* EFI does not have stdint.h, or anything else equivalent */
+#elif defined(EFI32) || defined(EFI64) || defined(EFIX64)
+#include "Tiano.h"
+#if !defined(_STDINT_H_)
+typedef UINT8       uint8_t;
+typedef INT8        int8_t;
+typedef UINT16      uint16_t;
+typedef INT16       int16_t;
+typedef UINT32      uint32_t;
+typedef INT32       int32_t;
+#endif
+/* Windows has its own differences */
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+#define _UNUSED
+#ifndef _MSL_STDINT_H
+typedef UINT8       uint8_t;
+typedef INT8        int8_t;
+typedef UINT16      uint16_t;
+typedef INT16       int16_t;
+typedef UINT32      uint32_t;
+typedef INT32       int32_t;
+#endif
+
+/* All other Posix platforms use stdint.h */
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+#if _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH
+#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
+#endif
+
+/* DNSServiceRef, DNSRecordRef
+ *
+ * Opaque internal data types.
+ * Note: client is responsible for serializing access to these structures if
+ * they are shared between concurrent threads.
+ */
+
+typedef struct _DNSServiceRef_t *DNSServiceRef;
+typedef struct _DNSRecordRef_t *DNSRecordRef;
+
+struct sockaddr;
+
+/*! @enum General flags
+ * Most DNS-SD API functions and callbacks include a DNSServiceFlags parameter.
+ * As a general rule, any given bit in the 32-bit flags field has a specific fixed meaning,
+ * regardless of the function or callback being used. For any given function or callback,
+ * typically only a subset of the possible flags are meaningful, and all others should be zero.
+ * The discussion section for each API call describes which flags are valid for that call
+ * and callback. In some cases, for a particular call, it may be that no flags are currently
+ * defined, in which case the DNSServiceFlags parameter exists purely to allow future expansion.
+ * In all cases, developers should expect that in future releases, it is possible that new flag
+ * values will be defined, and write code with this in mind. For example, code that tests
+ *     if (flags == kDNSServiceFlagsAdd) ...
+ * will fail if, in a future release, another bit in the 32-bit flags field is also set.
+ * The reliable way to test whether a particular bit is set is not with an equality test,
+ * but with a bitwise mask:
+ *     if (flags & kDNSServiceFlagsAdd) ...
+ */
+enum
+    {
+    kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing          = 0x1,
+    /* MoreComing indicates to a callback that at least one more result is
+     * queued and will be delivered following immediately after this one.
+     * When the MoreComing flag is set, applications should not immediately
+     * update their UI, because this can result in a great deal of ugly flickering
+     * on the screen, and can waste a great deal of CPU time repeatedly updating
+     * the screen with content that is then immediately erased, over and over.
+     * Applications should wait until until MoreComing is not set, and then
+     * update their UI when no more changes are imminent.
+     * When MoreComing is not set, that doesn't mean there will be no more
+     * answers EVER, just that there are no more answers immediately
+     * available right now at this instant. If more answers become available
+     * in the future they will be delivered as usual.
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsAdd                 = 0x2,
+    kDNSServiceFlagsDefault             = 0x4,
+    /* Flags for domain enumeration and browse/query reply callbacks.
+     * "Default" applies only to enumeration and is only valid in
+     * conjunction with "Add". An enumeration callback with the "Add"
+     * flag NOT set indicates a "Remove", i.e. the domain is no longer
+     * valid.
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsNoAutoRename        = 0x8,
+    /* Flag for specifying renaming behavior on name conflict when registering
+     * non-shared records. By default, name conflicts are automatically handled
+     * by renaming the service. NoAutoRename overrides this behavior - with this
+     * flag set, name conflicts will result in a callback. The NoAutorename flag
+     * is only valid if a name is explicitly specified when registering a service
+     * (i.e. the default name is not used.)
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsShared              = 0x10,
+    kDNSServiceFlagsUnique              = 0x20,
+    /* Flag for registering individual records on a connected
+     * DNSServiceRef. Shared indicates that there may be multiple records
+     * with this name on the network (e.g. PTR records). Unique indicates that the
+     * record's name is to be unique on the network (e.g. SRV records).
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsBrowseDomains       = 0x40,
+    kDNSServiceFlagsRegistrationDomains = 0x80,
+    /* Flags for specifying domain enumeration type in DNSServiceEnumerateDomains.
+     * BrowseDomains enumerates domains recommended for browsing, RegistrationDomains
+     * enumerates domains recommended for registration.
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsLongLivedQuery      = 0x100,
+    /* Flag for creating a long-lived unicast query for the DNSServiceQueryRecord call. */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsAllowRemoteQuery    = 0x200,
+    /* Flag for creating a record for which we will answer remote queries
+     * (queries from hosts more than one hop away; hosts not directly connected to the local link).
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsForceMulticast      = 0x400,
+    /* Flag for signifying that a query or registration should be performed exclusively via multicast
+     * DNS, even for a name in a domain (e.g. foo.apple.com.) that would normally imply unicast DNS.
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsForce               = 0x800,
+    /* Flag for signifying a "stronger" variant of an operation.
+     * Currently defined only for DNSServiceReconfirmRecord(), where it forces a record to
+     * be removed from the cache immediately, instead of querying for a few seconds before
+     * concluding that the record is no longer valid and then removing it. This flag should
+     * be used with caution because if a service browsing PTR record is indeed still valid
+     * on the network, forcing its removal will result in a user-interface flap -- the
+     * discovered service instance will disappear, and then re-appear moments later.
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsReturnIntermediates = 0x1000,
+    /* Flag for returning intermediate results.
+     * For example, if a query results in an authoritative NXDomain (name does not exist)
+     * then that result is returned to the client. However the query is not implicitly
+     * cancelled -- it remains active and if the answer subsequently changes
+     * (e.g. because a VPN tunnel is subsequently established) then that positive
+     * result will still be returned to the client.
+     * Similarly, if a query results in a CNAME record, then in addition to following
+     * the CNAME referral, the intermediate CNAME result is also returned to the client.
+     * When this flag is not set, NXDomain errors are not returned, and CNAME records
+     * are followed silently without informing the client of the intermediate steps.
+     * (In earlier builds this flag was briefly calledkDNSServiceFlagsReturnCNAME)
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsNonBrowsable        = 0x2000,
+    /* A service registered with the NonBrowsable flag set can be resolved using
+     * DNSServiceResolve(), but will not be discoverable using DNSServiceBrowse().
+     * This is for cases where the name is actually a GUID; it is found by other means;
+     * there is no end-user benefit to browsing to find a long list of opaque GUIDs.
+     * Using the NonBrowsable flag creates SRV+TXT without the cost of also advertising
+     * an associated PTR record.
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection     = 0x4000,
+    /* For efficiency, clients that perform many concurrent operations may want to use a
+     * single Unix Domain Socket connection with the background daemon, instead of having a
+     * separate connection for each independent operation. To use this mode, clients first
+     * call DNSServiceCreateConnection(&MainRef) to initialize the main DNSServiceRef.
+     * For each subsequent operation that is to share that same connection, the client copies
+     * the MainRef, and then passes the address of that copy, setting the ShareConnection flag
+     * to tell the library that this DNSServiceRef is not a typical uninitialized DNSServiceRef;
+     * it's a copy of an existing DNSServiceRef whose connection information should be reused.
+     *
+     * For example:
+     *
+     * DNSServiceErrorType error;
+     * DNSServiceRef MainRef;
+     * error = DNSServiceCreateConnection(&MainRef);
+     * if (error) ...
+     * DNSServiceRef BrowseRef = MainRef;  // Important: COPY the primary DNSServiceRef first...
+     * error = DNSServiceBrowse(&BrowseRef, kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection, ...); // then use the copy
+     * if (error) ...
+     * ...
+     * DNSServiceRefDeallocate(BrowseRef); // Terminate the browse operation
+     * DNSServiceRefDeallocate(MainRef);   // Terminate the shared connection
+     *
+     * Notes:
+     *
+     * 1. Collective kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing flag
+     * When callbacks are invoked using a shared DNSServiceRef, the
+     * kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing flag applies collectively to *all* active
+     * operations sharing the same parent DNSServiceRef. If the MoreComing flag is
+     * set it means that there are more results queued on this parent DNSServiceRef,
+     * but not necessarily more results for this particular callback function. 
+     * The implication of this for client programmers is that when a callback
+     * is invoked with the MoreComing flag set, the code should update its
+     * internal data structures with the new result, and set a variable indicating
+     * that its UI needs to be updated. Then, later when a callback is eventually
+     * invoked with the MoreComing flag not set, the code should update *all*
+     * stale UI elements related to that shared parent DNSServiceRef that need
+     * updating, not just the UI elements related to the particular callback
+     * that happened to be the last one to be invoked.
+     *
+     * 2. Canceling operations and kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing
+     * Whenever you cancel any operation for which you had deferred UI updates
+     * waiting because of a kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing flag, you should perform
+     * those deferred UI updates. This is because, after cancelling the operation,
+     * you can no longer wait for a callback *without* MoreComing set, to tell
+     * you do perform your deferred UI updates (the operation has been canceled,
+     * so there will be no more callbacks). An implication of the collective
+     * kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing flag for shared connections is that this
+     * guideline applies more broadly -- any time you cancel an operation on
+     * a shared connection, you should perform all deferred UI updates for all
+     * operations sharing that connection. This is because the MoreComing flag
+     * might have been referring to events coming for the operation you canceled,
+     * which will now not be coming because the operation has been canceled.
+     *
+     * 3. Only share DNSServiceRef's created with DNSServiceCreateConnection
+     * Calling DNSServiceCreateConnection(&ref) creates a special shareable DNSServiceRef.
+     * DNSServiceRef's created by other calls like DNSServiceBrowse() or DNSServiceResolve()
+     * cannot be shared by copying them and using kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection.
+     *
+     * 4. Don't Double-Deallocate
+     * Calling DNSServiceRefDeallocate(ref) for a particular operation's DNSServiceRef terminates
+     * just that operation. Calling DNSServiceRefDeallocate(ref) for the main shared DNSServiceRef
+     * (the parent DNSServiceRef, originally created by DNSServiceCreateConnection(&ref))
+     * automatically terminates the shared connection and all operations that were still using it.
+     * After doing this, DO NOT then attempt to deallocate any remaining subordinate DNSServiceRef's.
+     * The memory used by those subordinate DNSServiceRef's has already been freed, so any attempt
+     * to do a DNSServiceRefDeallocate (or any other operation) on them will result in accesses
+     * to freed memory, leading to crashes or other equally undesirable results.
+     *
+     * 5. Thread Safety
+     * The dns_sd.h API does not presuppose any particular threading model, and consequently
+     * does no locking of its own (which would require linking some specific threading library).
+     * If client code calls API routines on the same DNSServiceRef concurrently
+     * from multiple threads, it is the client's responsibility to use a mutext
+     * lock or take similar appropriate precautions to serialize those calls.
+     */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsSuppressUnusable    = 0x8000,
+	/*
+	 * This flag is meaningful only in DNSServiceQueryRecord which suppresses unusable queries on the
+	 * wire. If "hostname" is a wide-area unicast DNS hostname (i.e. not a ".local." name)
+	 * but this host has no routable IPv6 address, then the call will not try to look up IPv6 addresses
+	 * for "hostname", since any addresses it found would be unlikely to be of any use anyway. Similarly,
+	 * if this host has no routable IPv4 address, the call will not try to look up IPv4 addresses for
+	 * "hostname".
+	 */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsTimeout            = 0x10000,
+	/*
+	 * When kDNServiceFlagsTimeout is passed to DNSServiceQueryRecord or DNSServiceGetAddrInfo, the query is
+	 * stopped after a certain number of seconds have elapsed. The time at which the query will be stopped
+	 * is determined by the system and cannot be configured by the user. The query will be stopped irrespective
+	 * of whether a response was given earlier or not. When the query is stopped, the callback will be called
+	 * with an error code of kDNSServiceErr_Timeout and a NULL sockaddr will be returned for DNSServiceGetAddrInfo
+	 * and zero length rdata will be returned for DNSServiceQueryRecord.
+	 */
+
+    kDNSServiceFlagsIncludeP2P          = 0x20000,
+	/*
+	 * Include P2P interfaces when kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny is specified.
+	 * By default, specifying kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny does not include P2P interfaces.
+	 */
+	kDNSServiceFlagsWakeOnResolve      = 0x40000
+	/*
+	 * This flag is meaningful only in DNSServiceResolve. When set, it tries to send a magic packet
+	 * to wake up the client.
+	 */
+    };
+
+/* Possible protocols for DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate(). */
+enum
+    {
+    kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv4 = 0x01,
+    kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv6 = 0x02,
+    /* 0x04 and 0x08 reserved for future internetwork protocols */
+    
+    kDNSServiceProtocol_UDP  = 0x10,
+    kDNSServiceProtocol_TCP  = 0x20
+    /* 0x40 and 0x80 reserved for future transport protocols, e.g. SCTP [RFC 2960]
+     * or DCCP [RFC 4340]. If future NAT gateways are created that support port
+     * mappings for these protocols, new constants will be defined here.
+     */
+    };
+
+/*
+ * The values for DNS Classes and Types are listed in RFC 1035, and are available
+ * on every OS in its DNS header file. Unfortunately every OS does not have the
+ * same header file containing DNS Class and Type constants, and the names of
+ * the constants are not consistent. For example, BIND 8 uses "T_A",
+ * BIND 9 uses "ns_t_a", Windows uses "DNS_TYPE_A", etc.
+ * For this reason, these constants are also listed here, so that code using
+ * the DNS-SD programming APIs can use these constants, so that the same code
+ * can compile on all our supported platforms.
+ */
+
+enum
+    {
+    kDNSServiceClass_IN       = 1       /* Internet */
+    };
+
+enum
+    {
+    kDNSServiceType_A          = 1,      /* Host address. */
+    kDNSServiceType_NS         = 2,      /* Authoritative server. */
+    kDNSServiceType_MD         = 3,      /* Mail destination. */
+    kDNSServiceType_MF         = 4,      /* Mail forwarder. */
+    kDNSServiceType_CNAME      = 5,      /* Canonical name. */
+    kDNSServiceType_SOA        = 6,      /* Start of authority zone. */
+    kDNSServiceType_MB         = 7,      /* Mailbox domain name. */
+    kDNSServiceType_MG         = 8,      /* Mail group member. */
+    kDNSServiceType_MR         = 9,      /* Mail rename name. */
+    kDNSServiceType_NULL       = 10,     /* Null resource record. */
+    kDNSServiceType_WKS        = 11,     /* Well known service. */
+    kDNSServiceType_PTR        = 12,     /* Domain name pointer. */
+    kDNSServiceType_HINFO      = 13,     /* Host information. */
+    kDNSServiceType_MINFO      = 14,     /* Mailbox information. */
+    kDNSServiceType_MX         = 15,     /* Mail routing information. */
+    kDNSServiceType_TXT        = 16,     /* One or more text strings (NOT "zero or more..."). */
+    kDNSServiceType_RP         = 17,     /* Responsible person. */
+    kDNSServiceType_AFSDB      = 18,     /* AFS cell database. */
+    kDNSServiceType_X25        = 19,     /* X_25 calling address. */
+    kDNSServiceType_ISDN       = 20,     /* ISDN calling address. */
+    kDNSServiceType_RT         = 21,     /* Router. */
+    kDNSServiceType_NSAP       = 22,     /* NSAP address. */
+    kDNSServiceType_NSAP_PTR   = 23,     /* Reverse NSAP lookup (deprecated). */
+    kDNSServiceType_SIG        = 24,     /* Security signature. */
+    kDNSServiceType_KEY        = 25,     /* Security key. */
+    kDNSServiceType_PX         = 26,     /* X.400 mail mapping. */
+    kDNSServiceType_GPOS       = 27,     /* Geographical position (withdrawn). */
+    kDNSServiceType_AAAA       = 28,     /* IPv6 Address. */
+    kDNSServiceType_LOC        = 29,     /* Location Information. */
+    kDNSServiceType_NXT        = 30,     /* Next domain (security). */
+    kDNSServiceType_EID        = 31,     /* Endpoint identifier. */
+    kDNSServiceType_NIMLOC     = 32,     /* Nimrod Locator. */
+    kDNSServiceType_SRV        = 33,     /* Server Selection. */
+    kDNSServiceType_ATMA       = 34,     /* ATM Address */
+    kDNSServiceType_NAPTR      = 35,     /* Naming Authority PoinTeR */
+    kDNSServiceType_KX         = 36,     /* Key Exchange */
+    kDNSServiceType_CERT       = 37,     /* Certification record */
+    kDNSServiceType_A6         = 38,     /* IPv6 Address (deprecated) */
+    kDNSServiceType_DNAME      = 39,     /* Non-terminal DNAME (for IPv6) */
+    kDNSServiceType_SINK       = 40,     /* Kitchen sink (experimental) */
+    kDNSServiceType_OPT        = 41,     /* EDNS0 option (meta-RR) */
+    kDNSServiceType_APL        = 42,     /* Address Prefix List */
+    kDNSServiceType_DS         = 43,     /* Delegation Signer */
+    kDNSServiceType_SSHFP      = 44,     /* SSH Key Fingerprint */
+    kDNSServiceType_IPSECKEY   = 45,     /* IPSECKEY */
+    kDNSServiceType_RRSIG      = 46,     /* RRSIG */
+    kDNSServiceType_NSEC       = 47,     /* Denial of Existence */
+    kDNSServiceType_DNSKEY     = 48,     /* DNSKEY */
+    kDNSServiceType_DHCID      = 49,     /* DHCP Client Identifier */
+    kDNSServiceType_NSEC3      = 50,     /* Hashed Authenticated Denial of Existence */
+    kDNSServiceType_NSEC3PARAM = 51,     /* Hashed Authenticated Denial of Existence */
+
+    kDNSServiceType_HIP        = 55,     /* Host Identity Protocol */
+
+    kDNSServiceType_SPF        = 99,     /* Sender Policy Framework for E-Mail */
+    kDNSServiceType_UINFO      = 100,    /* IANA-Reserved */
+    kDNSServiceType_UID        = 101,    /* IANA-Reserved */
+    kDNSServiceType_GID        = 102,    /* IANA-Reserved */
+    kDNSServiceType_UNSPEC     = 103,    /* IANA-Reserved */
+
+    kDNSServiceType_TKEY       = 249,    /* Transaction key */
+    kDNSServiceType_TSIG       = 250,    /* Transaction signature. */
+    kDNSServiceType_IXFR       = 251,    /* Incremental zone transfer. */
+    kDNSServiceType_AXFR       = 252,    /* Transfer zone of authority. */
+    kDNSServiceType_MAILB      = 253,    /* Transfer mailbox records. */
+    kDNSServiceType_MAILA      = 254,    /* Transfer mail agent records. */
+    kDNSServiceType_ANY        = 255     /* Wildcard match. */
+    };
+
+/* possible error code values */
+enum
+    {
+    kDNSServiceErr_NoError                   = 0,
+    kDNSServiceErr_Unknown                   = -65537,  /* 0xFFFE FFFF */
+    kDNSServiceErr_NoSuchName                = -65538,
+    kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory                  = -65539,
+    kDNSServiceErr_BadParam                  = -65540,
+    kDNSServiceErr_BadReference              = -65541,
+    kDNSServiceErr_BadState                  = -65542,
+    kDNSServiceErr_BadFlags                  = -65543,
+    kDNSServiceErr_Unsupported               = -65544,
+    kDNSServiceErr_NotInitialized            = -65545,
+    kDNSServiceErr_AlreadyRegistered         = -65547,
+    kDNSServiceErr_NameConflict              = -65548,
+    kDNSServiceErr_Invalid                   = -65549,
+    kDNSServiceErr_Firewall                  = -65550,
+    kDNSServiceErr_Incompatible              = -65551,  /* client library incompatible with daemon */
+    kDNSServiceErr_BadInterfaceIndex         = -65552,
+    kDNSServiceErr_Refused                   = -65553,
+    kDNSServiceErr_NoSuchRecord              = -65554,
+    kDNSServiceErr_NoAuth                    = -65555,
+    kDNSServiceErr_NoSuchKey                 = -65556,
+    kDNSServiceErr_NATTraversal              = -65557,
+    kDNSServiceErr_DoubleNAT                 = -65558,
+    kDNSServiceErr_BadTime                   = -65559,  /* Codes up to here existed in Tiger */
+    kDNSServiceErr_BadSig                    = -65560,
+    kDNSServiceErr_BadKey                    = -65561,
+    kDNSServiceErr_Transient                 = -65562,
+    kDNSServiceErr_ServiceNotRunning         = -65563,  /* Background daemon not running */
+    kDNSServiceErr_NATPortMappingUnsupported = -65564,  /* NAT doesn't support NAT-PMP or UPnP */
+    kDNSServiceErr_NATPortMappingDisabled    = -65565,  /* NAT supports NAT-PMP or UPnP but it's disabled by the administrator */
+    kDNSServiceErr_NoRouter                  = -65566,  /* No router currently configured (probably no network connectivity) */
+    kDNSServiceErr_PollingMode               = -65567,
+    kDNSServiceErr_Timeout                   = -65568
+
+    /* mDNS Error codes are in the range
+     * FFFE FF00 (-65792) to FFFE FFFF (-65537) */
+    };
+
+/* Maximum length, in bytes, of a service name represented as a */
+/* literal C-String, including the terminating NULL at the end. */
+
+#define kDNSServiceMaxServiceName 64
+
+/* Maximum length, in bytes, of a domain name represented as an *escaped* C-String */
+/* including the final trailing dot, and the C-String terminating NULL at the end. */
+
+#define kDNSServiceMaxDomainName 1009
+
+/*
+ * Notes on DNS Name Escaping
+ *   -- or --
+ * "Why is kDNSServiceMaxDomainName 1009, when the maximum legal domain name is 256 bytes?"
+ *
+ * All strings used in the DNS-SD APIs are UTF-8 strings. Apart from the exceptions noted below,
+ * the APIs expect the strings to be properly escaped, using the conventional DNS escaping rules:
+ *
+ *   '\\' represents a single literal '\' in the name
+ *   '\.' represents a single literal '.' in the name
+ *   '\ddd', where ddd is a three-digit decimal value from 000 to 255,
+ *        represents a single literal byte with that value.
+ *   A bare unescaped '.' is a label separator, marking a boundary between domain and subdomain.
+ *
+ * The exceptions, that do not use escaping, are the routines where the full
+ * DNS name of a resource is broken, for convenience, into servicename/regtype/domain.
+ * In these routines, the "servicename" is NOT escaped. It does not need to be, since
+ * it is, by definition, just a single literal string. Any characters in that string
+ * represent exactly what they are. The "regtype" portion is, technically speaking,
+ * escaped, but since legal regtypes are only allowed to contain letters, digits,
+ * and hyphens, there is nothing to escape, so the issue is moot. The "domain"
+ * portion is also escaped, though most domains in use on the public Internet
+ * today, like regtypes, don't contain any characters that need to be escaped.
+ * As DNS-SD becomes more popular, rich-text domains for service discovery will
+ * become common, so software should be written to cope with domains with escaping.
+ *
+ * The servicename may be up to 63 bytes of UTF-8 text (not counting the C-String
+ * terminating NULL at the end). The regtype is of the form _service._tcp or
+ * _service._udp, where the "service" part is 1-15 characters, which may be
+ * letters, digits, or hyphens. The domain part of the three-part name may be
+ * any legal domain, providing that the resulting servicename+regtype+domain
+ * name does not exceed 256 bytes.
+ *
+ * For most software, these issues are transparent. When browsing, the discovered
+ * servicenames should simply be displayed as-is. When resolving, the discovered
+ * servicename/regtype/domain are simply passed unchanged to DNSServiceResolve().
+ * When a DNSServiceResolve() succeeds, the returned fullname is already in
+ * the correct format to pass to standard system DNS APIs such as res_query().
+ * For converting from servicename/regtype/domain to a single properly-escaped
+ * full DNS name, the helper function DNSServiceConstructFullName() is provided.
+ *
+ * The following (highly contrived) example illustrates the escaping process.
+ * Suppose you have an service called "Dr. Smith\Dr. Johnson", of type "_ftp._tcp"
+ * in subdomain "4th. Floor" of subdomain "Building 2" of domain "apple.com."
+ * The full (escaped) DNS name of this service's SRV record would be:
+ * Dr\.\032Smith\\Dr\.\032Johnson._ftp._tcp.4th\.\032Floor.Building\0322.apple.com.
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * Constants for specifying an interface index
+ *
+ * Specific interface indexes are identified via a 32-bit unsigned integer returned
+ * by the if_nametoindex() family of calls.
+ *
+ * If the client passes 0 for interface index, that means "do the right thing",
+ * which (at present) means, "if the name is in an mDNS local multicast domain
+ * (e.g. 'local.', '254.169.in-addr.arpa.', '{8,9,A,B}.E.F.ip6.arpa.') then multicast
+ * on all applicable interfaces, otherwise send via unicast to the appropriate
+ * DNS server." Normally, most clients will use 0 for interface index to
+ * automatically get the default sensible behaviour.
+ *
+ * If the client passes a positive interface index, then for multicast names that
+ * indicates to do the operation only on that one interface. For unicast names the
+ * interface index is ignored unless kDNSServiceFlagsForceMulticast is also set.
+ *
+ * If the client passes kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly when registering
+ * a service, then that service will be found *only* by other local clients
+ * on the same machine that are browsing using kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly
+ * or kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny.
+ * If a client has a 'private' service, accessible only to other processes
+ * running on the same machine, this allows the client to advertise that service
+ * in a way such that it does not inadvertently appear in service lists on
+ * all the other machines on the network.
+ *
+ * If the client passes kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly when browsing
+ * then it will find *all* records registered on that same local machine.
+ * Clients explicitly wishing to discover *only* LocalOnly services can
+ * accomplish this by inspecting the interfaceIndex of each service reported
+ * to their DNSServiceBrowseReply() callback function, and discarding those
+ * where the interface index is not kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly.
+ *
+ * kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P is meaningful only in Browse, QueryRecord,
+ * and Resolve operations. It should not be used in other DNSService APIs.
+ *
+ * - If kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P is passed to DNSServiceBrowse or
+ *   DNSServiceQueryRecord, it restricts the operation to P2P.
+ *
+ * - If kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P is passed to DNSServiceResolve, it is
+ *   mapped internally to kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny, because resolving
+ *   a P2P service may create and/or enable an interface whose index is not
+ *   known a priori. The resolve callback will indicate the index of the
+ *   interface via which the service can be accessed.
+ *
+ * If applications pass kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny to DNSServiceBrowse
+ * or DNSServiceQueryRecord, they must set the kDNSServiceFlagsIncludeP2P flag
+ * to include P2P. In this case, if a service instance or the record being queried 
+ * is found over P2P, the resulting ADD event will indicate kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P 
+ * as the interface index.
+ */
+
+#define kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny 0
+#define kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly ((uint32_t)-1)
+#define kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexUnicast   ((uint32_t)-2)
+#define kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P       ((uint32_t)-3)
+
+typedef uint32_t DNSServiceFlags;
+typedef uint32_t DNSServiceProtocol;
+typedef int32_t  DNSServiceErrorType;
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Version checking
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* DNSServiceGetProperty() Parameters:
+ *
+ * property:        The requested property.
+ *                  Currently the only property defined is kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion.
+ *
+ * result:          Place to store result.
+ *                  For retrieving DaemonVersion, this should be the address of a uint32_t.
+ *
+ * size:            Pointer to uint32_t containing size of the result location.
+ *                  For retrieving DaemonVersion, this should be sizeof(uint32_t).
+ *                  On return the uint32_t is updated to the size of the data returned.
+ *                  For DaemonVersion, the returned size is always sizeof(uint32_t), but
+ *                  future properties could be defined which return variable-sized results.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, or kDNSServiceErr_ServiceNotRunning
+ *                  if the daemon (or "system service" on Windows) is not running.
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceGetProperty
+    (
+    const char *property,  /* Requested property (i.e. kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion) */
+    void       *result,    /* Pointer to place to store result */
+    uint32_t   *size       /* size of result location */
+    );
+
+/*
+ * When requesting kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion, the result pointer must point
+ * to a 32-bit unsigned integer, and the size parameter must be set to sizeof(uint32_t).
+ *
+ * On return, the 32-bit unsigned integer contains the version number, formatted as follows:
+ *   Major part of the build number * 10000 +
+ *   minor part of the build number *   100
+ *
+ * For example, Mac OS X 10.4.9 has mDNSResponder-108.4, which would be represented as
+ * version 1080400. This allows applications to do simple greater-than and less-than comparisons:
+ * e.g. an application that requires at least mDNSResponder-108.4 can check:
+ *
+ *   if (version >= 1080400) ...
+ *
+ * Example usage:
+ *
+ * uint32_t version;
+ * uint32_t size = sizeof(version);
+ * DNSServiceErrorType err = DNSServiceGetProperty(kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion, &version, &size);
+ * if (!err) printf("Bonjour version is %d.%d\n", version / 10000, version / 100 % 100);
+ */
+
+#define kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion "DaemonVersion"
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Unix Domain Socket access, DNSServiceRef deallocation, and data processing functions
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* DNSServiceRefSockFD()
+ *
+ * Access underlying Unix domain socket for an initialized DNSServiceRef.
+ * The DNS Service Discovery implementation uses this socket to communicate between the client and
+ * the mDNSResponder daemon. The application MUST NOT directly read from or write to this socket.
+ * Access to the socket is provided so that it can be used as a kqueue event source, a CFRunLoop
+ * event source, in a select() loop, etc. When the underlying event management subsystem (kqueue/
+ * select/CFRunLoop etc.) indicates to the client that data is available for reading on the
+ * socket, the client should call DNSServiceProcessResult(), which will extract the daemon's
+ * reply from the socket, and pass it to the appropriate application callback. By using a run
+ * loop or select(), results from the daemon can be processed asynchronously. Alternatively,
+ * a client can choose to fork a thread and have it loop calling "DNSServiceProcessResult(ref);"
+ * If DNSServiceProcessResult() is called when no data is available for reading on the socket, it
+ * will block until data does become available, and then process the data and return to the caller.
+ * When data arrives on the socket, the client is responsible for calling DNSServiceProcessResult(ref)
+ * in a timely fashion -- if the client allows a large backlog of data to build up the daemon
+ * may terminate the connection.
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by any of the DNSService calls.
+ *
+ * return value:    The DNSServiceRef's underlying socket descriptor, or -1 on
+ *                  error.
+ */
+
+int DNSSD_API DNSServiceRefSockFD(DNSServiceRef sdRef);
+
+
+/* DNSServiceProcessResult()
+ *
+ * Read a reply from the daemon, calling the appropriate application callback. This call will
+ * block until the daemon's response is received. Use DNSServiceRefSockFD() in
+ * conjunction with a run loop or select() to determine the presence of a response from the
+ * server before calling this function to process the reply without blocking. Call this function
+ * at any point if it is acceptable to block until the daemon's response arrives. Note that the
+ * client is responsible for ensuring that DNSServiceProcessResult() is called whenever there is
+ * a reply from the daemon - the daemon may terminate its connection with a client that does not
+ * process the daemon's responses.
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by any of the DNSService calls
+ *                  that take a callback parameter.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns
+ *                  an error code indicating the specific failure that occurred.
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceProcessResult(DNSServiceRef sdRef);
+
+
+/* DNSServiceRefDeallocate()
+ *
+ * Terminate a connection with the daemon and free memory associated with the DNSServiceRef.
+ * Any services or records registered with this DNSServiceRef will be deregistered. Any
+ * Browse, Resolve, or Query operations called with this reference will be terminated.
+ *
+ * Note: If the reference's underlying socket is used in a run loop or select() call, it should
+ * be removed BEFORE DNSServiceRefDeallocate() is called, as this function closes the reference's
+ * socket.
+ *
+ * Note: If the reference was initialized with DNSServiceCreateConnection(), any DNSRecordRefs
+ * created via this reference will be invalidated by this call - the resource records are
+ * deregistered, and their DNSRecordRefs may not be used in subsequent functions. Similarly,
+ * if the reference was initialized with DNSServiceRegister, and an extra resource record was
+ * added to the service via DNSServiceAddRecord(), the DNSRecordRef created by the Add() call
+ * is invalidated when this function is called - the DNSRecordRef may not be used in subsequent
+ * functions.
+ *
+ * Note: This call is to be used only with the DNSServiceRef defined by this API. It is
+ * not compatible with dns_service_discovery_ref objects defined in the legacy Mach-based
+ * DNSServiceDiscovery.h API.
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by any of the DNSService calls.
+ *
+ */
+
+void DNSSD_API DNSServiceRefDeallocate(DNSServiceRef sdRef);
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Domain Enumeration
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* DNSServiceEnumerateDomains()
+ *
+ * Asynchronously enumerate domains available for browsing and registration.
+ *
+ * The enumeration MUST be cancelled via DNSServiceRefDeallocate() when no more domains
+ * are to be found.
+ *
+ * Note that the names returned are (like all of DNS-SD) UTF-8 strings,
+ * and are escaped using standard DNS escaping rules.
+ * (See "Notes on DNS Name Escaping" earlier in this file for more details.)
+ * A graphical browser displaying a hierarchical tree-structured view should cut
+ * the names at the bare dots to yield individual labels, then de-escape each
+ * label according to the escaping rules, and then display the resulting UTF-8 text.
+ *
+ * DNSServiceDomainEnumReply Callback Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceEnumerateDomains().
+ *
+ * flags:           Possible values are:
+ *                  kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing
+ *                  kDNSServiceFlagsAdd
+ *                  kDNSServiceFlagsDefault
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  Specifies the interface on which the domain exists. (The index for a given
+ *                  interface is determined via the if_nametoindex() family of calls.)
+ *
+ * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError (0) on success, otherwise indicates
+ *                  the failure that occurred (other parameters are undefined if errorCode is nonzero).
+ *
+ * replyDomain:     The name of the domain.
+ *
+ * context:         The context pointer passed to DNSServiceEnumerateDomains.
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceDomainEnumReply)
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    DNSServiceErrorType                 errorCode,
+    const char                          *replyDomain,
+    void                                *context
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceEnumerateDomains() Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
+ *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
+ *                  and the enumeration operation will run indefinitely until the client
+ *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ *
+ * flags:           Possible values are:
+ *                  kDNSServiceFlagsBrowseDomains to enumerate domains recommended for browsing.
+ *                  kDNSServiceFlagsRegistrationDomains to enumerate domains recommended
+ *                  for registration.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to look for domains.
+ *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
+ *                  family of calls.) Most applications will pass 0 to enumerate domains on
+ *                  all interfaces. See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
+ *
+ * callBack:        The function to be called when a domain is found or the call asynchronously
+ *                  fails.
+ *
+ * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
+ *                  (may be NULL).
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
+ *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
+ *                  the error that occurred (the callback is not invoked and the DNSServiceRef
+ *                  is not initialized).
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceEnumerateDomains
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    DNSServiceDomainEnumReply           callBack,
+    void                                *context  /* may be NULL */
+    );
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Service Registration
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* Register a service that is discovered via Browse() and Resolve() calls.
+ *
+ * DNSServiceRegisterReply() Callback Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceRegister().
+ *
+ * flags:           When a name is successfully registered, the callback will be
+ *                  invoked with the kDNSServiceFlagsAdd flag set. When Wide-Area
+ *                  DNS-SD is in use, it is possible for a single service to get
+ *                  more than one success callback (e.g. one in the "local" multicast
+ *                  DNS domain, and another in a wide-area unicast DNS domain).
+ *                  If a successfully-registered name later suffers a name conflict
+ *                  or similar problem and has to be deregistered, the callback will
+ *                  be invoked with the kDNSServiceFlagsAdd flag not set. The callback
+ *                  is *not* invoked in the case where the caller explicitly terminates
+ *                  the service registration by calling DNSServiceRefDeallocate(ref);
+ *
+ * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise will
+ *                  indicate the failure that occurred (including name conflicts,
+ *                  if the kDNSServiceFlagsNoAutoRename flag was used when registering.)
+ *                  Other parameters are undefined if errorCode is nonzero.
+ *
+ * name:            The service name registered (if the application did not specify a name in
+ *                  DNSServiceRegister(), this indicates what name was automatically chosen).
+ *
+ * regtype:         The type of service registered, as it was passed to the callout.
+ *
+ * domain:          The domain on which the service was registered (if the application did not
+ *                  specify a domain in DNSServiceRegister(), this indicates the default domain
+ *                  on which the service was registered).
+ *
+ * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceRegisterReply)
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    DNSServiceErrorType                 errorCode,
+    const char                          *name,
+    const char                          *regtype,
+    const char                          *domain,
+    void                                *context
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceRegister() Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
+ *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
+ *                  and the registration will remain active indefinitely until the client
+ *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to register the service
+ *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
+ *                  family of calls.) Most applications will pass 0 to register on all
+ *                  available interfaces. See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
+ *
+ * flags:           Indicates the renaming behavior on name conflict (most applications
+ *                  will pass 0). See flag definitions above for details.
+ *
+ * name:            If non-NULL, specifies the service name to be registered.
+ *                  Most applications will not specify a name, in which case the computer
+ *                  name is used (this name is communicated to the client via the callback).
+ *                  If a name is specified, it must be 1-63 bytes of UTF-8 text.
+ *                  If the name is longer than 63 bytes it will be automatically truncated
+ *                  to a legal length, unless the NoAutoRename flag is set,
+ *                  in which case kDNSServiceErr_BadParam will be returned.
+ *
+ * regtype:         The service type followed by the protocol, separated by a dot
+ *                  (e.g. "_ftp._tcp"). The service type must be an underscore, followed
+ *                  by 1-15 characters, which may be letters, digits, or hyphens.
+ *                  The transport protocol must be "_tcp" or "_udp". New service types
+ *                  should be registered at <http://www.dns-sd.org/ServiceTypes.html>.
+ *
+ *                  Additional subtypes of the primary service type (where a service
+ *                  type has defined subtypes) follow the primary service type in a
+ *                  comma-separated list, with no additional spaces, e.g.
+ *                      "_primarytype._tcp,_subtype1,_subtype2,_subtype3"
+ *                  Subtypes provide a mechanism for filtered browsing: A client browsing
+ *                  for "_primarytype._tcp" will discover all instances of this type;
+ *                  a client browsing for "_primarytype._tcp,_subtype2" will discover only
+ *                  those instances that were registered with "_subtype2" in their list of
+ *                  registered subtypes.
+ *
+ *                  The subtype mechanism can be illustrated with some examples using the
+ *                  dns-sd command-line tool:
+ *
+ *                  % dns-sd -R Simple _test._tcp "" 1001 &
+ *                  % dns-sd -R Better _test._tcp,HasFeatureA "" 1002 &
+ *                  % dns-sd -R Best   _test._tcp,HasFeatureA,HasFeatureB "" 1003 &
+ *
+ *                  Now:
+ *                  % dns-sd -B _test._tcp             # will find all three services
+ *                  % dns-sd -B _test._tcp,HasFeatureA # finds "Better" and "Best"
+ *                  % dns-sd -B _test._tcp,HasFeatureB # finds only "Best"
+ *
+ *                  Subtype labels may be up to 63 bytes long, and may contain any eight-
+ *                  bit byte values, including zero bytes. However, due to the nature of
+ *                  using a C-string-based API, conventional DNS escaping must be used for
+ *                  dots ('.'), commas (','), backslashes ('\') and zero bytes, as shown below:
+ *                  
+ *                  % dns-sd -R Test '_test._tcp,s\.one,s\,two,s\\three,s\000four' local 123
+ *
+ * domain:          If non-NULL, specifies the domain on which to advertise the service.
+ *                  Most applications will not specify a domain, instead automatically
+ *                  registering in the default domain(s).
+ *
+ * host:            If non-NULL, specifies the SRV target host name. Most applications
+ *                  will not specify a host, instead automatically using the machine's
+ *                  default host name(s). Note that specifying a non-NULL host does NOT
+ *                  create an address record for that host - the application is responsible
+ *                  for ensuring that the appropriate address record exists, or creating it
+ *                  via DNSServiceRegisterRecord().
+ *
+ * port:            The port, in network byte order, on which the service accepts connections.
+ *                  Pass 0 for a "placeholder" service (i.e. a service that will not be discovered
+ *                  by browsing, but will cause a name conflict if another client tries to
+ *                  register that same name). Most clients will not use placeholder services.
+ *
+ * txtLen:          The length of the txtRecord, in bytes. Must be zero if the txtRecord is NULL.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       The TXT record rdata. A non-NULL txtRecord MUST be a properly formatted DNS
+ *                  TXT record, i.e. <length byte> <data> <length byte> <data> ...
+ *                  Passing NULL for the txtRecord is allowed as a synonym for txtLen=1, txtRecord="",
+ *                  i.e. it creates a TXT record of length one containing a single empty string.
+ *                  RFC 1035 doesn't allow a TXT record to contain *zero* strings, so a single empty
+ *                  string is the smallest legal DNS TXT record.
+ *                  As with the other parameters, the DNSServiceRegister call copies the txtRecord
+ *                  data; e.g. if you allocated the storage for the txtRecord parameter with malloc()
+ *                  then you can safely free that memory right after the DNSServiceRegister call returns.
+ *
+ * callBack:        The function to be called when the registration completes or asynchronously
+ *                  fails. The client MAY pass NULL for the callback -  The client will NOT be notified
+ *                  of the default values picked on its behalf, and the client will NOT be notified of any
+ *                  asynchronous errors (e.g. out of memory errors, etc.) that may prevent the registration
+ *                  of the service. The client may NOT pass the NoAutoRename flag if the callback is NULL.
+ *                  The client may still deregister the service at any time via DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ *
+ * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
+ *                  (may be NULL).
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
+ *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
+ *                  the error that occurred (the callback is never invoked and the DNSServiceRef
+ *                  is not initialized).
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceRegister
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    const char                          *name,         /* may be NULL */
+    const char                          *regtype,
+    const char                          *domain,       /* may be NULL */
+    const char                          *host,         /* may be NULL */
+    uint16_t                            port,          /* In network byte order */
+    uint16_t                            txtLen,
+    const void                          *txtRecord,    /* may be NULL */
+    DNSServiceRegisterReply             callBack,      /* may be NULL */
+    void                                *context       /* may be NULL */
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceAddRecord()
+ *
+ * Add a record to a registered service. The name of the record will be the same as the
+ * registered service's name.
+ * The record can later be updated or deregistered by passing the RecordRef initialized
+ * by this function to DNSServiceUpdateRecord() or DNSServiceRemoveRecord().
+ *
+ * Note that the DNSServiceAddRecord/UpdateRecord/RemoveRecord are *NOT* thread-safe
+ * with respect to a single DNSServiceRef. If you plan to have multiple threads
+ * in your program simultaneously add, update, or remove records from the same
+ * DNSServiceRef, then it's the caller's responsibility to use a mutext lock
+ * or take similar appropriate precautions to serialize those calls.
+ *
+ * Parameters;
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceRegister().
+ *
+ * RecordRef:       A pointer to an uninitialized DNSRecordRef. Upon succesfull completion of this
+ *                  call, this ref may be passed to DNSServiceUpdateRecord() or DNSServiceRemoveRecord().
+ *                  If the above DNSServiceRef is passed to DNSServiceRefDeallocate(), RecordRef is also
+ *                  invalidated and may not be used further.
+ *
+ * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
+ *
+ * rrtype:          The type of the record (e.g. kDNSServiceType_TXT, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
+ *
+ * rdlen:           The length, in bytes, of the rdata.
+ *
+ * rdata:           The raw rdata to be contained in the added resource record.
+ *
+ * ttl:             The time to live of the resource record, in seconds.
+ *                  Most clients should pass 0 to indicate that the system should
+ *                  select a sensible default value.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns an
+ *                  error code indicating the error that occurred (the RecordRef is not initialized).
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceAddRecord
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       sdRef,
+    DNSRecordRef                        *RecordRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint16_t                            rrtype,
+    uint16_t                            rdlen,
+    const void                          *rdata,
+    uint32_t                            ttl
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceUpdateRecord
+ *
+ * Update a registered resource record. The record must either be:
+ *   - The primary txt record of a service registered via DNSServiceRegister()
+ *   - A record added to a registered service via DNSServiceAddRecord()
+ *   - An individual record registered by DNSServiceRegisterRecord()
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef that was initialized by DNSServiceRegister()
+ *                  or DNSServiceCreateConnection().
+ *
+ * RecordRef:       A DNSRecordRef initialized by DNSServiceAddRecord, or NULL to update the
+ *                  service's primary txt record.
+ *
+ * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
+ *
+ * rdlen:           The length, in bytes, of the new rdata.
+ *
+ * rdata:           The new rdata to be contained in the updated resource record.
+ *
+ * ttl:             The time to live of the updated resource record, in seconds.
+ *                  Most clients should pass 0 to indicate that the system should
+ *                  select a sensible default value.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns an
+ *                  error code indicating the error that occurred.
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceUpdateRecord
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       sdRef,
+    DNSRecordRef                        RecordRef,     /* may be NULL */
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint16_t                            rdlen,
+    const void                          *rdata,
+    uint32_t                            ttl
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceRemoveRecord
+ *
+ * Remove a record previously added to a service record set via DNSServiceAddRecord(), or deregister
+ * an record registered individually via DNSServiceRegisterRecord().
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceRegister() (if the
+ *                  record being removed was registered via DNSServiceAddRecord()) or by
+ *                  DNSServiceCreateConnection() (if the record being removed was registered via
+ *                  DNSServiceRegisterRecord()).
+ *
+ * recordRef:       A DNSRecordRef initialized by a successful call to DNSServiceAddRecord()
+ *                  or DNSServiceRegisterRecord().
+ *
+ * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns an
+ *                  error code indicating the error that occurred.
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceRemoveRecord
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                 sdRef,
+    DNSRecordRef                  RecordRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags               flags
+    );
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Service Discovery
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* Browse for instances of a service.
+ *
+ * DNSServiceBrowseReply() Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceBrowse().
+ *
+ * flags:           Possible values are kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing and kDNSServiceFlagsAdd.
+ *                  See flag definitions for details.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which the service is advertised. This index should
+ *                  be passed to DNSServiceResolve() when resolving the service.
+ *
+ * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError (0) on success, otherwise will
+ *                  indicate the failure that occurred. Other parameters are undefined if
+ *                  the errorCode is nonzero.
+ *
+ * serviceName:     The discovered service name. This name should be displayed to the user,
+ *                  and stored for subsequent use in the DNSServiceResolve() call.
+ *
+ * regtype:         The service type, which is usually (but not always) the same as was passed
+ *                  to DNSServiceBrowse(). One case where the discovered service type may
+ *                  not be the same as the requested service type is when using subtypes:
+ *                  The client may want to browse for only those ftp servers that allow
+ *                  anonymous connections. The client will pass the string "_ftp._tcp,_anon"
+ *                  to DNSServiceBrowse(), but the type of the service that's discovered
+ *                  is simply "_ftp._tcp". The regtype for each discovered service instance
+ *                  should be stored along with the name, so that it can be passed to
+ *                  DNSServiceResolve() when the service is later resolved.
+ *
+ * domain:          The domain of the discovered service instance. This may or may not be the
+ *                  same as the domain that was passed to DNSServiceBrowse(). The domain for each
+ *                  discovered service instance should be stored along with the name, so that
+ *                  it can be passed to DNSServiceResolve() when the service is later resolved.
+ *
+ * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceBrowseReply)
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    DNSServiceErrorType                 errorCode,
+    const char                          *serviceName,
+    const char                          *regtype,
+    const char                          *replyDomain,
+    void                                *context
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceBrowse() Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
+ *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
+ *                  and the browse operation will run indefinitely until the client
+ *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ *
+ * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to browse for services
+ *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
+ *                  family of calls.) Most applications will pass 0 to browse on all available
+ *                  interfaces. See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
+ *
+ * regtype:         The service type being browsed for followed by the protocol, separated by a
+ *                  dot (e.g. "_ftp._tcp"). The transport protocol must be "_tcp" or "_udp".
+ *                  A client may optionally specify a single subtype to perform filtered browsing:
+ *                  e.g. browsing for "_primarytype._tcp,_subtype" will discover only those
+ *                  instances of "_primarytype._tcp" that were registered specifying "_subtype"
+ *                  in their list of registered subtypes.
+ *
+ * domain:          If non-NULL, specifies the domain on which to browse for services.
+ *                  Most applications will not specify a domain, instead browsing on the
+ *                  default domain(s).
+ *
+ * callBack:        The function to be called when an instance of the service being browsed for
+ *                  is found, or if the call asynchronously fails.
+ *
+ * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
+ *                  (may be NULL).
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
+ *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
+ *                  the error that occurred (the callback is not invoked and the DNSServiceRef
+ *                  is not initialized).
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceBrowse
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    const char                          *regtype,
+    const char                          *domain,    /* may be NULL */
+    DNSServiceBrowseReply               callBack,
+    void                                *context    /* may be NULL */
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceResolve()
+ *
+ * Resolve a service name discovered via DNSServiceBrowse() to a target host name, port number, and
+ * txt record.
+ *
+ * Note: Applications should NOT use DNSServiceResolve() solely for txt record monitoring - use
+ * DNSServiceQueryRecord() instead, as it is more efficient for this task.
+ *
+ * Note: When the desired results have been returned, the client MUST terminate the resolve by calling
+ * DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ *
+ * Note: DNSServiceResolve() behaves correctly for typical services that have a single SRV record
+ * and a single TXT record. To resolve non-standard services with multiple SRV or TXT records,
+ * DNSServiceQueryRecord() should be used.
+ *
+ * DNSServiceResolveReply Callback Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceResolve().
+ *
+ * flags:           Possible values: kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which the service was resolved.
+ *
+ * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError (0) on success, otherwise will
+ *                  indicate the failure that occurred. Other parameters are undefined if
+ *                  the errorCode is nonzero.
+ *
+ * fullname:        The full service domain name, in the form <servicename>.<protocol>.<domain>.
+ *                  (This name is escaped following standard DNS rules, making it suitable for
+ *                  passing to standard system DNS APIs such as res_query(), or to the
+ *                  special-purpose functions included in this API that take fullname parameters.
+ *                  See "Notes on DNS Name Escaping" earlier in this file for more details.)
+ *
+ * hosttarget:      The target hostname of the machine providing the service. This name can
+ *                  be passed to functions like gethostbyname() to identify the host's IP address.
+ *
+ * port:            The port, in network byte order, on which connections are accepted for this service.
+ *
+ * txtLen:          The length of the txt record, in bytes.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       The service's primary txt record, in standard txt record format.
+ *
+ * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
+ *
+ * NOTE: In earlier versions of this header file, the txtRecord parameter was declared "const char *"
+ * This is incorrect, since it contains length bytes which are values in the range 0 to 255, not -128 to +127.
+ * Depending on your compiler settings, this change may cause signed/unsigned mismatch warnings.
+ * These should be fixed by updating your own callback function definition to match the corrected
+ * function signature using "const unsigned char *txtRecord". Making this change may also fix inadvertent
+ * bugs in your callback function, where it could have incorrectly interpreted a length byte with value 250
+ * as being -6 instead, with various bad consequences ranging from incorrect operation to software crashes.
+ * If you need to maintain portable code that will compile cleanly with both the old and new versions of
+ * this header file, you should update your callback function definition to use the correct unsigned value,
+ * and then in the place where you pass your callback function to DNSServiceResolve(), use a cast to eliminate
+ * the compiler warning, e.g.:
+ *   DNSServiceResolve(sd, flags, index, name, regtype, domain, (DNSServiceResolveReply)MyCallback, context);
+ * This will ensure that your code compiles cleanly without warnings (and more importantly, works correctly)
+ * with both the old header and with the new corrected version.
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceResolveReply)
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    DNSServiceErrorType                 errorCode,
+    const char                          *fullname,
+    const char                          *hosttarget,
+    uint16_t                            port,        /* In network byte order */
+    uint16_t                            txtLen,
+    const unsigned char                 *txtRecord,
+    void                                *context
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceResolve() Parameters
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
+ *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
+ *                  and the resolve operation will run indefinitely until the client
+ *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ *
+ * flags:           Specifying kDNSServiceFlagsForceMulticast will cause query to be
+ *                  performed with a link-local mDNS query, even if the name is an
+ *                  apparently non-local name (i.e. a name not ending in ".local.")
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which to resolve the service. If this resolve call is
+ *                  as a result of a currently active DNSServiceBrowse() operation, then the
+ *                  interfaceIndex should be the index reported in the DNSServiceBrowseReply
+ *                  callback. If this resolve call is using information previously saved
+ *                  (e.g. in a preference file) for later use, then use interfaceIndex 0, because
+ *                  the desired service may now be reachable via a different physical interface.
+ *                  See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
+ *
+ * name:            The name of the service instance to be resolved, as reported to the
+ *                  DNSServiceBrowseReply() callback.
+ *
+ * regtype:         The type of the service instance to be resolved, as reported to the
+ *                  DNSServiceBrowseReply() callback.
+ *
+ * domain:          The domain of the service instance to be resolved, as reported to the
+ *                  DNSServiceBrowseReply() callback.
+ *
+ * callBack:        The function to be called when a result is found, or if the call
+ *                  asynchronously fails.
+ *
+ * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
+ *                  (may be NULL).
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
+ *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
+ *                  the error that occurred (the callback is never invoked and the DNSServiceRef
+ *                  is not initialized).
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceResolve
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    const char                          *name,
+    const char                          *regtype,
+    const char                          *domain,
+    DNSServiceResolveReply              callBack,
+    void                                *context  /* may be NULL */
+    );
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Querying Individual Specific Records
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* DNSServiceQueryRecord
+ *
+ * Query for an arbitrary DNS record.
+ *
+ * DNSServiceQueryRecordReply() Callback Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceQueryRecord().
+ *
+ * flags:           Possible values are kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing and
+ *                  kDNSServiceFlagsAdd. The Add flag is NOT set for PTR records
+ *                  with a ttl of 0, i.e. "Remove" events.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which the query was resolved (the index for a given
+ *                  interface is determined via the if_nametoindex() family of calls).
+ *                  See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
+ *
+ * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise will
+ *                  indicate the failure that occurred. Other parameters are undefined if
+ *                  errorCode is nonzero.
+ *
+ * fullname:        The resource record's full domain name.
+ *
+ * rrtype:          The resource record's type (e.g. kDNSServiceType_PTR, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
+ *
+ * rrclass:         The class of the resource record (usually kDNSServiceClass_IN).
+ *
+ * rdlen:           The length, in bytes, of the resource record rdata.
+ *
+ * rdata:           The raw rdata of the resource record.
+ *
+ * ttl:             If the client wishes to cache the result for performance reasons,
+ *                  the TTL indicates how long the client may legitimately hold onto
+ *                  this result, in seconds. After the TTL expires, the client should
+ *                  consider the result no longer valid, and if it requires this data
+ *                  again, it should be re-fetched with a new query. Of course, this
+ *                  only applies to clients that cancel the asynchronous operation when
+ *                  they get a result. Clients that leave the asynchronous operation
+ *                  running can safely assume that the data remains valid until they
+ *                  get another callback telling them otherwise.
+ *
+ * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceQueryRecordReply)
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    DNSServiceErrorType                 errorCode,
+    const char                          *fullname,
+    uint16_t                            rrtype,
+    uint16_t                            rrclass,
+    uint16_t                            rdlen,
+    const void                          *rdata,
+    uint32_t                            ttl,
+    void                                *context
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceQueryRecord() Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
+ *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
+ *                  and the query operation will run indefinitely until the client
+ *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ *
+ * flags:           kDNSServiceFlagsForceMulticast or kDNSServiceFlagsLongLivedQuery.
+ *                  Pass kDNSServiceFlagsLongLivedQuery to create a "long-lived" unicast
+ *                  query in a non-local domain. Without setting this flag, unicast queries
+ *                  will be one-shot - that is, only answers available at the time of the call
+ *                  will be returned. By setting this flag, answers (including Add and Remove
+ *                  events) that become available after the initial call is made will generate
+ *                  callbacks. This flag has no effect on link-local multicast queries.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to issue the query
+ *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
+ *                  family of calls.) Passing 0 causes the name to be queried for on all
+ *                  interfaces. See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
+ *
+ * fullname:        The full domain name of the resource record to be queried for.
+ *
+ * rrtype:          The numerical type of the resource record to be queried for
+ *                  (e.g. kDNSServiceType_PTR, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
+ *
+ * rrclass:         The class of the resource record (usually kDNSServiceClass_IN).
+ *
+ * callBack:        The function to be called when a result is found, or if the call
+ *                  asynchronously fails.
+ *
+ * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
+ *                  (may be NULL).
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
+ *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
+ *                  the error that occurred (the callback is never invoked and the DNSServiceRef
+ *                  is not initialized).
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceQueryRecord
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    const char                          *fullname,
+    uint16_t                            rrtype,
+    uint16_t                            rrclass,
+    DNSServiceQueryRecordReply          callBack,
+    void                                *context  /* may be NULL */
+    );
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Unified lookup of both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for a fully qualified hostname
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* DNSServiceGetAddrInfo
+ *
+ * Queries for the IP address of a hostname by using either Multicast or Unicast DNS.
+ *
+ * DNSServiceGetAddrInfoReply() parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceGetAddrInfo().
+ *
+ * flags:           Possible values are kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing and
+ *                  kDNSServiceFlagsAdd.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  The interface to which the answers pertain.
+ *
+ * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise will
+ *                  indicate the failure that occurred.  Other parameters are
+ *                  undefined if errorCode is nonzero.
+ *
+ * hostname:        The fully qualified domain name of the host to be queried for.
+ *
+ * address:         IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+ *
+ * ttl:             If the client wishes to cache the result for performance reasons,
+ *                  the TTL indicates how long the client may legitimately hold onto
+ *                  this result, in seconds. After the TTL expires, the client should
+ *                  consider the result no longer valid, and if it requires this data
+ *                  again, it should be re-fetched with a new query. Of course, this
+ *                  only applies to clients that cancel the asynchronous operation when
+ *                  they get a result. Clients that leave the asynchronous operation
+ *                  running can safely assume that the data remains valid until they
+ *                  get another callback telling them otherwise.
+ *
+ * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceGetAddrInfoReply)
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                    sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                  flags,
+    uint32_t                         interfaceIndex,
+    DNSServiceErrorType              errorCode,
+    const char                       *hostname,
+    const struct sockaddr            *address,
+    uint32_t                         ttl,
+    void                             *context
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceGetAddrInfo() Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds then it
+ *                  initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError, and the query
+ *                  begins and will last indefinitely until the client terminates the query
+ *                  by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ *
+ * flags:           kDNSServiceFlagsForceMulticast or kDNSServiceFlagsLongLivedQuery.
+ *                  Pass kDNSServiceFlagsLongLivedQuery to create a "long-lived" unicast
+ *                  query in a non-local domain. Without setting this flag, unicast queries
+ *                  will be one-shot - that is, only answers available at the time of the call
+ *                  will be returned. By setting this flag, answers (including Add and Remove
+ *                  events) that become available after the initial call is made will generate
+ *                  callbacks. This flag has no effect on link-local multicast queries.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which to issue the query.  Passing 0 causes the query to be
+ *                  sent on all active interfaces via Multicast or the primary interface via Unicast.
+ *
+ * protocol:        Pass in kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv4 to look up IPv4 addresses, or kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv6
+ *                  to look up IPv6 addresses, or both to look up both kinds. If neither flag is
+ *                  set, the system will apply an intelligent heuristic, which is (currently)
+ *                  that it will attempt to look up both, except:
+ *
+ *                   * If "hostname" is a wide-area unicast DNS hostname (i.e. not a ".local." name)
+ *                     but this host has no routable IPv6 address, then the call will not try to
+ *                     look up IPv6 addresses for "hostname", since any addresses it found would be
+ *                     unlikely to be of any use anyway. Similarly, if this host has no routable
+ *                     IPv4 address, the call will not try to look up IPv4 addresses for "hostname".
+ *
+ * hostname:        The fully qualified domain name of the host to be queried for.
+ *
+ * callBack:        The function to be called when the query succeeds or fails asynchronously.
+ *
+ * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
+ *                  (may be NULL).
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
+ *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
+ *                  the error that occurred.
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceGetAddrInfo
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                    *sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                  flags,
+    uint32_t                         interfaceIndex,
+    DNSServiceProtocol               protocol,
+    const char                       *hostname,
+    DNSServiceGetAddrInfoReply       callBack,
+    void                             *context          /* may be NULL */
+    );
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Special Purpose Calls:
+ *  DNSServiceCreateConnection(), DNSServiceRegisterRecord(), DNSServiceReconfirmRecord()
+ *  (most applications will not use these)
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* DNSServiceCreateConnection()
+ *
+ * Create a connection to the daemon allowing efficient registration of
+ * multiple individual records.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. Deallocating
+ *                  the reference (via DNSServiceRefDeallocate()) severs the
+ *                  connection and deregisters all records registered on this connection.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns
+ *                  an error code indicating the specific failure that occurred (in which
+ *                  case the DNSServiceRef is not initialized).
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceCreateConnection(DNSServiceRef *sdRef);
+
+
+/* DNSServiceRegisterRecord
+ *
+ * Register an individual resource record on a connected DNSServiceRef.
+ *
+ * Note that name conflicts occurring for records registered via this call must be handled
+ * by the client in the callback.
+ *
+ * DNSServiceRegisterRecordReply() parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           The connected DNSServiceRef initialized by
+ *                  DNSServiceCreateConnection().
+ *
+ * RecordRef:       The DNSRecordRef initialized by DNSServiceRegisterRecord(). If the above
+ *                  DNSServiceRef is passed to DNSServiceRefDeallocate(), this DNSRecordRef is
+ *                  invalidated, and may not be used further.
+ *
+ * flags:           Currently unused, reserved for future use.
+ *
+ * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise will
+ *                  indicate the failure that occurred (including name conflicts.)
+ *                  Other parameters are undefined if errorCode is nonzero.
+ *
+ * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
+ *
+ */
+
+ typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceRegisterRecordReply)
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       sdRef,
+    DNSRecordRef                        RecordRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    DNSServiceErrorType                 errorCode,
+    void                                *context
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceRegisterRecord() Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceCreateConnection().
+ *
+ * RecordRef:       A pointer to an uninitialized DNSRecordRef. Upon succesfull completion of this
+ *                  call, this ref may be passed to DNSServiceUpdateRecord() or DNSServiceRemoveRecord().
+ *                  (To deregister ALL records registered on a single connected DNSServiceRef
+ *                  and deallocate each of their corresponding DNSServiceRecordRefs, call
+ *                  DNSServiceRefDeallocate()).
+ *
+ * flags:           Possible values are kDNSServiceFlagsShared or kDNSServiceFlagsUnique
+ *                  (see flag type definitions for details).
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to register the record
+ *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
+ *                  family of calls.) Passing 0 causes the record to be registered on all interfaces.
+ *                  See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
+ *
+ * fullname:        The full domain name of the resource record.
+ *
+ * rrtype:          The numerical type of the resource record (e.g. kDNSServiceType_PTR, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
+ *
+ * rrclass:         The class of the resource record (usually kDNSServiceClass_IN)
+ *
+ * rdlen:           Length, in bytes, of the rdata.
+ *
+ * rdata:           A pointer to the raw rdata, as it is to appear in the DNS record.
+ *
+ * ttl:             The time to live of the resource record, in seconds.
+ *                  Most clients should pass 0 to indicate that the system should
+ *                  select a sensible default value.
+ *
+ * callBack:        The function to be called when a result is found, or if the call
+ *                  asynchronously fails (e.g. because of a name conflict.)
+ *
+ * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
+ *                  (may be NULL).
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
+ *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
+ *                  the error that occurred (the callback is never invoked and the DNSRecordRef is
+ *                  not initialized).
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceRegisterRecord
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                       sdRef,
+    DNSRecordRef                        *RecordRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                     flags,
+    uint32_t                            interfaceIndex,
+    const char                          *fullname,
+    uint16_t                            rrtype,
+    uint16_t                            rrclass,
+    uint16_t                            rdlen,
+    const void                          *rdata,
+    uint32_t                            ttl,
+    DNSServiceRegisterRecordReply       callBack,
+    void                                *context    /* may be NULL */
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceReconfirmRecord
+ *
+ * Instruct the daemon to verify the validity of a resource record that appears
+ * to be out of date (e.g. because TCP connection to a service's target failed.)
+ * Causes the record to be flushed from the daemon's cache (as well as all other
+ * daemons' caches on the network) if the record is determined to be invalid.
+ * Use this routine conservatively. Reconfirming a record necessarily consumes
+ * network bandwidth, so this should not be done indiscriminately.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ *
+ * flags:           Pass kDNSServiceFlagsForce to force immediate deletion of record,
+ *                  instead of after some number of reconfirmation queries have gone unanswered.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  Specifies the interface of the record in question.
+ *                  The caller must specify the interface.
+ *                  This API (by design) causes increased network traffic, so it requires
+ *                  the caller to be precise about which record should be reconfirmed.
+ *                  It is not possible to pass zero for the interface index to perform
+ *                  a "wildcard" reconfirmation, where *all* matching records are reconfirmed.
+ *
+ * fullname:        The resource record's full domain name.
+ *
+ * rrtype:          The resource record's type (e.g. kDNSServiceType_PTR, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
+ *
+ * rrclass:         The class of the resource record (usually kDNSServiceClass_IN).
+ *
+ * rdlen:           The length, in bytes, of the resource record rdata.
+ *
+ * rdata:           The raw rdata of the resource record.
+ *
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceReconfirmRecord
+    (
+    DNSServiceFlags                    flags,
+    uint32_t                           interfaceIndex,
+    const char                         *fullname,
+    uint16_t                           rrtype,
+    uint16_t                           rrclass,
+    uint16_t                           rdlen,
+    const void                         *rdata
+    );
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  NAT Port Mapping
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate
+ *
+ * Request a port mapping in the NAT gateway, which maps a port on the local machine
+ * to an external port on the NAT. The NAT should support either the NAT-PMP or the UPnP IGD
+ * protocol for this API to create a successful mapping.
+ *
+ * The port mapping will be renewed indefinitely until the client process exits, or
+ * explicitly terminates the port mapping request by calling DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ * The client callback will be invoked, informing the client of the NAT gateway's
+ * external IP address and the external port that has been allocated for this client.
+ * The client should then record this external IP address and port using whatever
+ * directory service mechanism it is using to enable peers to connect to it.
+ * (Clients advertising services using Wide-Area DNS-SD DO NOT need to use this API
+ * -- when a client calls DNSServiceRegister() NAT mappings are automatically created
+ * and the external IP address and port for the service are recorded in the global DNS.
+ * Only clients using some directory mechanism other than Wide-Area DNS-SD need to use
+ * this API to explicitly map their own ports.)
+ *
+ * It's possible that the client callback could be called multiple times, for example
+ * if the NAT gateway's IP address changes, or if a configuration change results in a
+ * different external port being mapped for this client. Over the lifetime of any long-lived
+ * port mapping, the client should be prepared to handle these notifications of changes
+ * in the environment, and should update its recorded address and/or port as appropriate.
+ *
+ * NOTE: There are two unusual aspects of how the DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate API works,
+ * which were intentionally designed to help simplify client code:
+ *
+ *  1. It's not an error to request a NAT mapping when the machine is not behind a NAT gateway.
+ *     In other NAT mapping APIs, if you request a NAT mapping and the machine is not behind a NAT
+ *     gateway, then the API returns an error code -- it can't get you a NAT mapping if there's no
+ *     NAT gateway. The DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate API takes a different view. Working out
+ *     whether or not you need a NAT mapping can be tricky and non-obvious, particularly on
+ *     a machine with multiple active network interfaces. Rather than make every client recreate
+ *     this logic for deciding whether a NAT mapping is required, the PortMapping API does that
+ *     work for you. If the client calls the PortMapping API when the machine already has a
+ *     routable public IP address, then instead of complaining about it and giving an error,
+ *     the PortMapping API just invokes your callback, giving the machine's public address
+ *     and your own port number. This means you don't need to write code to work out whether
+ *     your client needs to call the PortMapping API -- just call it anyway, and if it wasn't
+ *     necessary, no harm is done:
+ *
+ *     - If the machine already has a routable public IP address, then your callback
+ *       will just be invoked giving your own address and port.
+ *     - If a NAT mapping is required and obtained, then your callback will be invoked
+ *       giving you the external address and port.
+ *     - If a NAT mapping is required but not obtained from the local NAT gateway,
+ *       or the machine has no network connectivity, then your callback will be
+ *       invoked giving zero address and port.
+ *
+ *  2. In other NAT mapping APIs, if a laptop computer is put to sleep and woken up on a new
+ *     network, it's the client's job to notice this, and work out whether a NAT mapping
+ *     is required on the new network, and make a new NAT mapping request if necessary.
+ *     The DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate API does this for you, automatically.
+ *     The client just needs to make one call to the PortMapping API, and its callback will
+ *     be invoked any time the mapping state changes. This property complements point (1) above.
+ *     If the client didn't make a NAT mapping request just because it determined that one was
+ *     not required at that particular moment in time, the client would then have to monitor
+ *     for network state changes to determine if a NAT port mapping later became necessary.
+ *     By unconditionally making a NAT mapping request, even when a NAT mapping not to be
+ *     necessary, the PortMapping API will then begin monitoring network state changes on behalf of
+ *     the client, and if a NAT mapping later becomes necessary, it will automatically create a NAT
+ *     mapping and inform the client with a new callback giving the new address and port information.
+ *
+ * DNSServiceNATPortMappingReply() parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate().
+ *
+ * flags:           Currently unused, reserved for future use.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  The interface through which the NAT gateway is reached.
+ *
+ * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
+ *                  Will be kDNSServiceErr_DoubleNAT when the NAT gateway is itself behind one or
+ *                  more layers of NAT, in which case the other parameters have the defined values.
+ *                  For other failures, will indicate the failure that occurred, and the other
+ *                  parameters are undefined.
+ *
+ * externalAddress: Four byte IPv4 address in network byte order.
+ *
+ * protocol:        Will be kDNSServiceProtocol_UDP or kDNSServiceProtocol_TCP or both.
+ *
+ * internalPort:    The port on the local machine that was mapped.
+ *
+ * externalPort:    The actual external port in the NAT gateway that was mapped.
+ *                  This is likely to be different than the requested external port.
+ *
+ * ttl:             The lifetime of the NAT port mapping created on the gateway.
+ *                  This controls how quickly stale mappings will be garbage-collected
+ *                  if the client machine crashes, suffers a power failure, is disconnected
+ *                  from the network, or suffers some other unfortunate demise which
+ *                  causes it to vanish without explicitly removing its NAT port mapping.
+ *                  It's possible that the ttl value will differ from the requested ttl value.
+ *
+ * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceNATPortMappingReply)
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                    sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                  flags,
+    uint32_t                         interfaceIndex,
+    DNSServiceErrorType              errorCode,
+    uint32_t                         externalAddress,   /* four byte IPv4 address in network byte order */
+    DNSServiceProtocol               protocol,
+    uint16_t                         internalPort,      /* In network byte order */
+    uint16_t                         externalPort,      /* In network byte order and may be different than the requested port */
+    uint32_t                         ttl,               /* may be different than the requested ttl */
+    void                             *context
+    );
+
+
+/* DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate() Parameters:
+ *
+ * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds then it
+ *                  initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError, and the nat
+ *                  port mapping will last indefinitely until the client terminates the port
+ *                  mapping request by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
+ *
+ * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
+ *
+ * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which to create port mappings in a NAT gateway. Passing 0 causes
+ *                  the port mapping request to be sent on the primary interface.
+ *
+ * protocol:        To request a port mapping, pass in kDNSServiceProtocol_UDP, or kDNSServiceProtocol_TCP,
+ *                  or (kDNSServiceProtocol_UDP | kDNSServiceProtocol_TCP) to map both.
+ *                  The local listening port number must also be specified in the internalPort parameter.
+ *                  To just discover the NAT gateway's external IP address, pass zero for protocol,
+ *                  internalPort, externalPort and ttl.
+ *
+ * internalPort:    The port number in network byte order on the local machine which is listening for packets.
+ *
+ * externalPort:    The requested external port in network byte order in the NAT gateway that you would
+ *                  like to map to the internal port. Pass 0 if you don't care which external port is chosen for you.
+ *
+ * ttl:             The requested renewal period of the NAT port mapping, in seconds.
+ *                  If the client machine crashes, suffers a power failure, is disconnected from
+ *                  the network, or suffers some other unfortunate demise which causes it to vanish
+ *                  unexpectedly without explicitly removing its NAT port mappings, then the NAT gateway
+ *                  will garbage-collect old stale NAT port mappings when their lifetime expires.
+ *                  Requesting a short TTL causes such orphaned mappings to be garbage-collected
+ *                  more promptly, but consumes system resources and network bandwidth with
+ *                  frequent renewal packets to keep the mapping from expiring.
+ *                  Requesting a long TTL is more efficient on the network, but in the event of the
+ *                  client vanishing, stale NAT port mappings will not be garbage-collected as quickly.
+ *                  Most clients should pass 0 to use a system-wide default value.
+ *
+ * callBack:        The function to be called when the port mapping request succeeds or fails asynchronously.
+ *
+ * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
+ *                  (may be NULL).
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
+ *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
+ *                  the error that occurred.
+ *
+ *                  If you don't actually want a port mapped, and are just calling the API
+ *                  because you want to find out the NAT's external IP address (e.g. for UI
+ *                  display) then pass zero for protocol, internalPort, externalPort and ttl.
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                    *sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                  flags,
+    uint32_t                         interfaceIndex,
+    DNSServiceProtocol               protocol,          /* TCP and/or UDP          */
+    uint16_t                         internalPort,      /* network byte order      */
+    uint16_t                         externalPort,      /* network byte order      */
+    uint32_t                         ttl,               /* time to live in seconds */
+    DNSServiceNATPortMappingReply    callBack,
+    void                             *context           /* may be NULL             */
+    );
+
+
+typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSHostnameChangedReply)
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                    sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                  flags,
+    DNSServiceErrorType              errorCode,
+    const char                       *hostname,
+    void                             *context
+    );
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSSetHostname
+    (
+    DNSServiceRef                    *sdRef,
+    DNSServiceFlags                  flags,
+    const char                       *hostname,
+    DNSHostnameChangedReply          callBack,
+    void                             *context
+    );
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  General Utility Functions
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/* DNSServiceConstructFullName()
+ *
+ * Concatenate a three-part domain name (as returned by the above callbacks) into a
+ * properly-escaped full domain name. Note that callbacks in the above functions ALREADY ESCAPE
+ * strings where necessary.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ *
+ * fullName:        A pointer to a buffer that where the resulting full domain name is to be written.
+ *                  The buffer must be kDNSServiceMaxDomainName (1009) bytes in length to
+ *                  accommodate the longest legal domain name without buffer overrun.
+ *
+ * service:         The service name - any dots or backslashes must NOT be escaped.
+ *                  May be NULL (to construct a PTR record name, e.g.
+ *                  "_ftp._tcp.apple.com.").
+ *
+ * regtype:         The service type followed by the protocol, separated by a dot
+ *                  (e.g. "_ftp._tcp").
+ *
+ * domain:          The domain name, e.g. "apple.com.". Literal dots or backslashes,
+ *                  if any, must be escaped, e.g. "1st\. Floor.apple.com."
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError (0) on success, kDNSServiceErr_BadParam on error.
+ *
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceConstructFullName
+    (
+    char                            * const fullName,
+    const char                      * const service,      /* may be NULL */
+    const char                      * const regtype,
+    const char                      * const domain
+    );
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *   TXT Record Construction Functions
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * A typical calling sequence for TXT record construction is something like:
+ *
+ * Client allocates storage for TXTRecord data (e.g. declare buffer on the stack)
+ * TXTRecordCreate();
+ * TXTRecordSetValue();
+ * TXTRecordSetValue();
+ * TXTRecordSetValue();
+ * ...
+ * DNSServiceRegister( ... TXTRecordGetLength(), TXTRecordGetBytesPtr() ... );
+ * TXTRecordDeallocate();
+ * Explicitly deallocate storage for TXTRecord data (if not allocated on the stack)
+ */
+
+
+/* TXTRecordRef
+ *
+ * Opaque internal data type.
+ * Note: Represents a DNS-SD TXT record.
+ */
+
+typedef union _TXTRecordRef_t { char PrivateData[16]; char *ForceNaturalAlignment; } TXTRecordRef;
+
+
+/* TXTRecordCreate()
+ *
+ * Creates a new empty TXTRecordRef referencing the specified storage.
+ *
+ * If the buffer parameter is NULL, or the specified storage size is not
+ * large enough to hold a key subsequently added using TXTRecordSetValue(),
+ * then additional memory will be added as needed using malloc().
+ *
+ * On some platforms, when memory is low, malloc() may fail. In this
+ * case, TXTRecordSetValue() will return kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory, and this
+ * error condition will need to be handled as appropriate by the caller.
+ *
+ * You can avoid the need to handle this error condition if you ensure
+ * that the storage you initially provide is large enough to hold all
+ * the key/value pairs that are to be added to the record.
+ * The caller can precompute the exact length required for all of the
+ * key/value pairs to be added, or simply provide a fixed-sized buffer
+ * known in advance to be large enough.
+ * A no-value (key-only) key requires  (1 + key length) bytes.
+ * A key with empty value requires     (1 + key length + 1) bytes.
+ * A key with non-empty value requires (1 + key length + 1 + value length).
+ * For most applications, DNS-SD TXT records are generally
+ * less than 100 bytes, so in most cases a simple fixed-sized
+ * 256-byte buffer will be more than sufficient.
+ * Recommended size limits for DNS-SD TXT Records are discussed in
+ * <http://files.dns-sd.org/draft-cheshire-dnsext-dns-sd.txt>
+ *
+ * Note: When passing parameters to and from these TXT record APIs,
+ * the key name does not include the '=' character. The '=' character
+ * is the separator between the key and value in the on-the-wire
+ * packet format; it is not part of either the key or the value.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       A pointer to an uninitialized TXTRecordRef.
+ *
+ * bufferLen:       The size of the storage provided in the "buffer" parameter.
+ *
+ * buffer:          Optional caller-supplied storage used to hold the TXTRecord data.
+ *                  This storage must remain valid for as long as
+ *                  the TXTRecordRef.
+ */
+
+void DNSSD_API TXTRecordCreate
+    (
+    TXTRecordRef     *txtRecord,
+    uint16_t         bufferLen,
+    void             *buffer
+    );
+
+
+/* TXTRecordDeallocate()
+ *
+ * Releases any resources allocated in the course of preparing a TXT Record
+ * using TXTRecordCreate()/TXTRecordSetValue()/TXTRecordRemoveValue().
+ * Ownership of the buffer provided in TXTRecordCreate() returns to the client.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:           A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
+ *
+ */
+
+void DNSSD_API TXTRecordDeallocate
+    (
+    TXTRecordRef     *txtRecord
+    );
+
+
+/* TXTRecordSetValue()
+ *
+ * Adds a key (optionally with value) to a TXTRecordRef. If the "key" already
+ * exists in the TXTRecordRef, then the current value will be replaced with
+ * the new value.
+ * Keys may exist in four states with respect to a given TXT record:
+ *  - Absent (key does not appear at all)
+ *  - Present with no value ("key" appears alone)
+ *  - Present with empty value ("key=" appears in TXT record)
+ *  - Present with non-empty value ("key=value" appears in TXT record)
+ * For more details refer to "Data Syntax for DNS-SD TXT Records" in
+ * <http://files.dns-sd.org/draft-cheshire-dnsext-dns-sd.txt>
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
+ *
+ * key:             A null-terminated string which only contains printable ASCII
+ *                  values (0x20-0x7E), excluding '=' (0x3D). Keys should be
+ *                  9 characters or fewer (not counting the terminating null).
+ *
+ * valueSize:       The size of the value.
+ *
+ * value:           Any binary value. For values that represent
+ *                  textual data, UTF-8 is STRONGLY recommended.
+ *                  For values that represent textual data, valueSize
+ *                  should NOT include the terminating null (if any)
+ *                  at the end of the string.
+ *                  If NULL, then "key" will be added with no value.
+ *                  If non-NULL but valueSize is zero, then "key=" will be
+ *                  added with empty value.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
+ *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_Invalid if the "key" string contains
+ *                  illegal characters.
+ *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory if adding this key would
+ *                  exceed the available storage.
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API TXTRecordSetValue
+    (
+    TXTRecordRef     *txtRecord,
+    const char       *key,
+    uint8_t          valueSize,        /* may be zero */
+    const void       *value            /* may be NULL */
+    );
+
+
+/* TXTRecordRemoveValue()
+ *
+ * Removes a key from a TXTRecordRef. The "key" must be an
+ * ASCII string which exists in the TXTRecordRef.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
+ *
+ * key:             A key name which exists in the TXTRecordRef.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
+ *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoSuchKey if the "key" does not
+ *                  exist in the TXTRecordRef.
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API TXTRecordRemoveValue
+    (
+    TXTRecordRef     *txtRecord,
+    const char       *key
+    );
+
+
+/* TXTRecordGetLength()
+ *
+ * Allows you to determine the length of the raw bytes within a TXTRecordRef.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns the size of the raw bytes inside a TXTRecordRef
+ *                  which you can pass directly to DNSServiceRegister() or
+ *                  to DNSServiceUpdateRecord().
+ *                  Returns 0 if the TXTRecordRef is empty.
+ */
+
+uint16_t DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetLength
+    (
+    const TXTRecordRef *txtRecord
+    );
+
+
+/* TXTRecordGetBytesPtr()
+ *
+ * Allows you to retrieve a pointer to the raw bytes within a TXTRecordRef.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns a pointer to the raw bytes inside the TXTRecordRef
+ *                  which you can pass directly to DNSServiceRegister() or
+ *                  to DNSServiceUpdateRecord().
+ */
+
+const void * DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetBytesPtr
+    (
+    const TXTRecordRef *txtRecord
+    );
+
+
+/*********************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *   TXT Record Parsing Functions
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * A typical calling sequence for TXT record parsing is something like:
+ *
+ * Receive TXT record data in DNSServiceResolve() callback
+ * if (TXTRecordContainsKey(txtLen, txtRecord, "key")) then do something
+ * val1ptr = TXTRecordGetValuePtr(txtLen, txtRecord, "key1", &len1);
+ * val2ptr = TXTRecordGetValuePtr(txtLen, txtRecord, "key2", &len2);
+ * ...
+ * memcpy(myval1, val1ptr, len1);
+ * memcpy(myval2, val2ptr, len2);
+ * ...
+ * return;
+ *
+ * If you wish to retain the values after return from the DNSServiceResolve()
+ * callback, then you need to copy the data to your own storage using memcpy()
+ * or similar, as shown in the example above.
+ *
+ * If for some reason you need to parse a TXT record you built yourself
+ * using the TXT record construction functions above, then you can do
+ * that using TXTRecordGetLength and TXTRecordGetBytesPtr calls:
+ * TXTRecordGetValue(TXTRecordGetLength(x), TXTRecordGetBytesPtr(x), key, &len);
+ *
+ * Most applications only fetch keys they know about from a TXT record and
+ * ignore the rest.
+ * However, some debugging tools wish to fetch and display all keys.
+ * To do that, use the TXTRecordGetCount() and TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex() calls.
+ */
+
+/* TXTRecordContainsKey()
+ *
+ * Allows you to determine if a given TXT Record contains a specified key.
+ *
+ * txtLen:          The size of the received TXT Record.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       Pointer to the received TXT Record bytes.
+ *
+ * key:             A null-terminated ASCII string containing the key name.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns 1 if the TXT Record contains the specified key.
+ *                  Otherwise, it returns 0.
+ */
+
+int DNSSD_API TXTRecordContainsKey
+    (
+    uint16_t         txtLen,
+    const void       *txtRecord,
+    const char       *key
+    );
+
+
+/* TXTRecordGetValuePtr()
+ *
+ * Allows you to retrieve the value for a given key from a TXT Record.
+ *
+ * txtLen:          The size of the received TXT Record
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       Pointer to the received TXT Record bytes.
+ *
+ * key:             A null-terminated ASCII string containing the key name.
+ *
+ * valueLen:        On output, will be set to the size of the "value" data.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns NULL if the key does not exist in this TXT record,
+ *                  or exists with no value (to differentiate between
+ *                  these two cases use TXTRecordContainsKey()).
+ *                  Returns pointer to location within TXT Record bytes
+ *                  if the key exists with empty or non-empty value.
+ *                  For empty value, valueLen will be zero.
+ *                  For non-empty value, valueLen will be length of value data.
+ */
+
+const void * DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetValuePtr
+    (
+    uint16_t         txtLen,
+    const void       *txtRecord,
+    const char       *key,
+    uint8_t          *valueLen
+    );
+
+
+/* TXTRecordGetCount()
+ *
+ * Returns the number of keys stored in the TXT Record. The count
+ * can be used with TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex() to iterate through the keys.
+ *
+ * txtLen:          The size of the received TXT Record.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       Pointer to the received TXT Record bytes.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns the total number of keys in the TXT Record.
+ *
+ */
+
+uint16_t DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetCount
+    (
+    uint16_t         txtLen,
+    const void       *txtRecord
+    );
+
+
+/* TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex()
+ *
+ * Allows you to retrieve a key name and value pointer, given an index into
+ * a TXT Record. Legal index values range from zero to TXTRecordGetCount()-1.
+ * It's also possible to iterate through keys in a TXT record by simply
+ * calling TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex() repeatedly, beginning with index zero
+ * and increasing until TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex() returns kDNSServiceErr_Invalid.
+ *
+ * On return:
+ * For keys with no value, *value is set to NULL and *valueLen is zero.
+ * For keys with empty value, *value is non-NULL and *valueLen is zero.
+ * For keys with non-empty value, *value is non-NULL and *valueLen is non-zero.
+ *
+ * txtLen:          The size of the received TXT Record.
+ *
+ * txtRecord:       Pointer to the received TXT Record bytes.
+ *
+ * itemIndex:       An index into the TXT Record.
+ *
+ * keyBufLen:       The size of the string buffer being supplied.
+ *
+ * key:             A string buffer used to store the key name.
+ *                  On return, the buffer contains a null-terminated C string
+ *                  giving the key name. DNS-SD TXT keys are usually
+ *                  9 characters or fewer. To hold the maximum possible
+ *                  key name, the buffer should be 256 bytes long.
+ *
+ * valueLen:        On output, will be set to the size of the "value" data.
+ *
+ * value:           On output, *value is set to point to location within TXT
+ *                  Record bytes that holds the value data.
+ *
+ * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
+ *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory if keyBufLen is too short.
+ *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_Invalid if index is greater than
+ *                  TXTRecordGetCount()-1.
+ */
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex
+    (
+    uint16_t         txtLen,
+    const void       *txtRecord,
+    uint16_t         itemIndex,
+    uint16_t         keyBufLen,
+    char             *key,
+    uint8_t          *valueLen,
+    const void       **value
+    );
+
+#if _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH
+/*
+* DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue
+*
+* Allows you to schedule a DNSServiceRef on a serial dispatch queue for receiving asynchronous
+* callbacks.  It's the clients responsibility to ensure that the provided dispatch queue is running.
+*
+* A typical application that uses CFRunLoopRun or dispatch_main on its main thread will
+* usually schedule DNSServiceRefs on its main queue (which is always a serial queue)
+* using "DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue(sdref, dispatch_get_main_queue());"
+*
+* If there is any error during the processing of events, the application callback will
+* be called with an error code. For shared connections, each subordinate DNSServiceRef
+* will get its own error callback. Currently these error callbacks only happen
+* if the mDNSResponder daemon is manually terminated or crashes, and the error
+* code in this case is kDNSServiceErr_ServiceNotRunning. The application must call
+* DNSServiceRefDeallocate to free the DNSServiceRef when it gets such an error code.
+* These error callbacks are rare and should not normally happen on customer machines,
+* but application code should be written defensively to handle such error callbacks
+* gracefully if they occur.
+*
+* After using DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue on a DNSServiceRef, calling DNSServiceProcessResult
+* on the same DNSServiceRef will result in undefined behavior and should be avoided.
+*
+* Once the application successfully schedules a DNSServiceRef on a serial dispatch queue using
+* DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue, it cannot remove the DNSServiceRef from the dispatch queue, or use
+* DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue a second time to schedule the DNSServiceRef onto a different serial dispatch
+* queue. Once scheduled onto a dispatch queue a DNSServiceRef will deliver events to that queue until
+* the application no longer requires that operation and terminates it using DNSServiceRefDeallocate.
+*
+* service:         DNSServiceRef that was allocated and returned to the application, when the
+*                  application calls one of the DNSService API.
+*
+* queue:           dispatch queue where the application callback will be scheduled
+*
+* return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
+*                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory if it cannot create a dispatch source
+*                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_BadParam if the service param is invalid or the
+*                  queue param is invalid
+*/
+
+DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue
+  (
+  DNSServiceRef service,
+  dispatch_queue_t queue
+  );
+#endif //_DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH
+
+#ifdef __APPLE_API_PRIVATE
+
+#define kDNSServiceCompPrivateDNS   "PrivateDNS"
+#define kDNSServiceCompMulticastDNS "MulticastDNS"
+
+#endif //__APPLE_API_PRIVATE
+
+/* Some C compiler cleverness. We can make the compiler check certain things for us,
+ * and report errors at compile-time if anything is wrong. The usual way to do this would
+ * be to use a run-time "if" statement or the conventional run-time "assert" mechanism, but
+ * then you don't find out what's wrong until you run the software. This way, if the assertion
+ * condition is false, the array size is negative, and the complier complains immediately.
+ */
+
+struct CompileTimeAssertionChecks_DNS_SD
+    {
+    char assert0[(sizeof(union _TXTRecordRef_t) == 16) ? 1 : -1];
+    };
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+    }
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* _DNS_SD_H */