react-native-skia 0.0.1 → 2.15.0

package/cpp/skia/modules/skcms/src/Transform_inl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1599 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2018 Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file.
+ */
+
+// Intentionally NO #pragma once... included multiple times.
+
+// This file is included from skcms.cc in a namespace with some pre-defines:
+//    - N:    SIMD width of all vectors; 1, 4, 8 or 16 (preprocessor define)
+//    - V<T>: a template to create a vector of N T's.
+
+using F   = V<float>;
+using I32 = V<int32_t>;
+using U64 = V<uint64_t>;
+using U32 = V<uint32_t>;
+using U16 = V<uint16_t>;
+using U8  = V<uint8_t>;
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+    // GCC is kind of weird, not allowing vector = scalar directly.
+    static constexpr F F0 = F() + 0.0f,
+                       F1 = F() + 1.0f,
+                       FInfBits = F() + 0x7f800000; // equals 2139095040, the bit pattern of +Inf
+#else
+    static constexpr F F0 = 0.0f,
+                       F1 = 1.0f,
+                       FInfBits = 0x7f800000; // equals 2139095040, the bit pattern of +Inf
+#endif
+
+// Instead of checking __AVX__ below, we'll check USING_AVX.
+// This lets skcms.cc set USING_AVX to force us in even if the compiler's not set that way.
+// Same deal for __F16C__ and __AVX2__ ~~~> USING_AVX_F16C, USING_AVX2.
+
+#if !defined(USING_AVX)      && N == 8 && defined(__AVX__)
+    #define  USING_AVX
+#endif
+#if !defined(USING_AVX_F16C) && defined(USING_AVX) && defined(__F16C__)
+    #define  USING_AVX_F16C
+#endif
+#if !defined(USING_AVX2)     && defined(USING_AVX) && defined(__AVX2__)
+    #define  USING_AVX2
+#endif
+#if !defined(USING_AVX512F)  && N == 16 && defined(__AVX512F__) && defined(__AVX512DQ__)
+    #define  USING_AVX512F
+#endif
+
+// Similar to the AVX+ features, we define USING_NEON and USING_NEON_F16C.
+// This is more for organizational clarity... skcms.cc doesn't force these.
+#if N > 1 && defined(__ARM_NEON)
+    #define USING_NEON
+
+    // We have to use two different mechanisms to enable the f16 conversion intrinsics:
+    #if defined(__clang__)
+        // Clang's arm_neon.h guards them with the FP hardware bit:
+        #if __ARM_FP & 2
+            #define USING_NEON_F16C
+        #endif
+    #elif defined(__GNUC__)
+        // GCC's arm_neon.h guards them with the FP16 format macros (IEEE and ALTERNATIVE).
+        // We don't actually want the alternative format - we're reading/writing IEEE f16 values.
+        #if defined(__ARM_FP16_FORMAT_IEEE)
+            #define USING_NEON_F16C
+        #endif
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// These -Wvector-conversion warnings seem to trigger in very bogus situations,
+// like vst3q_f32() expecting a 16x char rather than a 4x float vector.  :/
+#if defined(USING_NEON) && defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wvector-conversion"
+#endif
+
+// GCC & Clang (but not clang-cl) warn returning U64 on x86 is larger than a register.
+// You'd see warnings like, "using AVX even though AVX is not enabled".
+// We stifle these warnings; our helpers that return U64 are always inlined.
+#if defined(__SSE__) && defined(__GNUC__)
+    #if !defined(__has_warning)
+        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpsabi"
+    #elif __has_warning("-Wpsabi")
+        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpsabi"
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// We tag most helper functions as SI, to enforce good code generation
+// but also work around what we think is a bug in GCC: when targeting 32-bit
+// x86, GCC tends to pass U16 (4x uint16_t vector) function arguments in the
+// MMX mm0 register, which seems to mess with unrelated code that later uses
+// x87 FP instructions (MMX's mm0 is an alias for x87's st0 register).
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
+    #define SI static inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#else
+    #define SI static inline
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename P>
+SI T load(const P* ptr) {
+    T val;
+    memcpy(&val, ptr, sizeof(val));
+    return val;
+}
+template <typename T, typename P>
+SI void store(P* ptr, const T& val) {
+    memcpy(ptr, &val, sizeof(val));
+}
+
+// (T)v is a cast when N == 1 and a bit-pun when N>1,
+// so we use cast<T>(v) to actually cast or bit_pun<T>(v) to bit-pun.
+template <typename D, typename S>
+SI D cast(const S& v) {
+#if N == 1
+    return (D)v;
+#else
+    return __builtin_convertvector(v, D);
+
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename D, typename S>
+SI D bit_pun(const S& v) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(D) == sizeof(v), "");
+    return load<D>(&v);
+}
+
+// When we convert from float to fixed point, it's very common to want to round,
+// and for some reason compilers generate better code when converting to int32_t.
+// To serve both those ends, we use this function to_fixed() instead of direct cast().
+SI U32 to_fixed(F f) {  return (U32)cast<I32>(f + 0.5f); }
+
+// Sometimes we do something crazy on one branch of a conditonal,
+// like divide by zero or convert a huge float to an integer,
+// but then harmlessly select the other side.  That trips up N==1
+// sanitizer builds, so we make if_then_else() a macro to avoid
+// evaluating the unused side.
+
+#if N == 1
+    #define if_then_else(cond, t, e) ((cond) ? (t) : (e))
+#else
+    template <typename C, typename T>
+    SI T if_then_else(C cond, T t, T e) {
+        return bit_pun<T>( ( cond & bit_pun<C>(t)) |
+                           (~cond & bit_pun<C>(e)) );
+    }
+#endif
+
+
+SI F F_from_Half(U16 half) {
+#if defined(USING_NEON_F16C)
+    return vcvt_f32_f16((float16x4_t)half);
+#elif defined(USING_AVX512F)
+    return (F)_mm512_cvtph_ps((__m256i)half);
+#elif defined(USING_AVX_F16C)
+#if defined(__clang__) && __clang_major__ >= 15 // for _Float16 support
+    typedef _Float16 __attribute__((vector_size(16))) F16;
+    return __builtin_convertvector((F16)half, F);
+#else
+    typedef int16_t __attribute__((vector_size(16))) I16;
+    return __builtin_ia32_vcvtph2ps256((I16)half);
+#endif // defined(__clang))
+#else
+    U32 wide = cast<U32>(half);
+    // A half is 1-5-10 sign-exponent-mantissa, with 15 exponent bias.
+    U32 s  = wide & 0x8000,
+        em = wide ^ s;
+
+    // Constructing the float is easy if the half is not denormalized.
+    F norm = bit_pun<F>( (s<<16) + (em<<13) + ((127-15)<<23) );
+
+    // Simply flush all denorm half floats to zero.
+    return if_then_else(em < 0x0400, F0, norm);
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    // The -((127-15)<<10) underflows that side of the math when
+    // we pass a denorm half float.  It's harmless... we'll take the 0 side anyway.
+    __attribute__((no_sanitize("unsigned-integer-overflow")))
+#endif
+SI U16 Half_from_F(F f) {
+#if defined(USING_NEON_F16C)
+    return (U16)vcvt_f16_f32(f);
+#elif defined(USING_AVX512F)
+    return (U16)_mm512_cvtps_ph((__m512 )f, _MM_FROUND_CUR_DIRECTION );
+#elif defined(USING_AVX_F16C)
+    return (U16)__builtin_ia32_vcvtps2ph256(f, 0x04/*_MM_FROUND_CUR_DIRECTION*/);
+#else
+    // A float is 1-8-23 sign-exponent-mantissa, with 127 exponent bias.
+    U32 sem = bit_pun<U32>(f),
+        s   = sem & 0x80000000,
+         em = sem ^ s;
+
+    // For simplicity we flush denorm half floats (including all denorm floats) to zero.
+    return cast<U16>(if_then_else(em < 0x38800000, (U32)F0
+                                                 , (s>>16) + (em>>13) - ((127-15)<<10)));
+#endif
+}
+
+// Swap high and low bytes of 16-bit lanes, converting between big-endian and little-endian.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    SI U16 swap_endian_16(U16 v) {
+        return (U16)vrev16_u8((uint8x8_t) v);
+    }
+#endif
+
+SI U64 swap_endian_16x4(const U64& rgba) {
+    return (rgba & 0x00ff00ff00ff00ff) << 8
+         | (rgba & 0xff00ff00ff00ff00) >> 8;
+}
+
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    SI F min_(F x, F y) { return (F)vminq_f32((float32x4_t)x, (float32x4_t)y); }
+    SI F max_(F x, F y) { return (F)vmaxq_f32((float32x4_t)x, (float32x4_t)y); }
+#elif defined(__loongarch_sx)
+    SI F min_(F x, F y) { return (F)__lsx_vfmin_s(x, y); }
+    SI F max_(F x, F y) { return (F)__lsx_vfmax_s(x, y); }
+#else
+    SI F min_(F x, F y) { return if_then_else(x > y, y, x); }
+    SI F max_(F x, F y) { return if_then_else(x < y, y, x); }
+#endif
+
+SI F floor_(F x) {
+#if N == 1
+    return floorf_(x);
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+    return vrndmq_f32(x);
+#elif defined(USING_AVX512F)
+    // Clang's _mm512_floor_ps() passes its mask as -1, not (__mmask16)-1,
+    // and integer santizer catches that this implicit cast changes the
+    // value from -1 to 65535.  We'll cast manually to work around it.
+    // Read this as `return _mm512_floor_ps(x)`.
+    return _mm512_mask_floor_ps(x, (__mmask16)-1, x);
+#elif defined(USING_AVX)
+    return __builtin_ia32_roundps256(x, 0x01/*_MM_FROUND_FLOOR*/);
+#elif defined(__SSE4_1__)
+    return _mm_floor_ps(x);
+#elif defined(__loongarch_sx)
+    return __lsx_vfrintrm_s((__m128)x);
+#else
+    // Round trip through integers with a truncating cast.
+    F roundtrip = cast<F>(cast<I32>(x));
+    // If x is negative, truncating gives the ceiling instead of the floor.
+    return roundtrip - if_then_else(roundtrip > x, F1, F0);
+
+    // This implementation fails for values of x that are outside
+    // the range an integer can represent.  We expect most x to be small.
+#endif
+}
+
+SI F approx_log2(F x) {
+    // The first approximation of log2(x) is its exponent 'e', minus 127.
+    I32 bits = bit_pun<I32>(x);
+
+    F e = cast<F>(bits) * (1.0f / (1<<23));
+
+    // If we use the mantissa too we can refine the error signficantly.
+    F m = bit_pun<F>( (bits & 0x007fffff) | 0x3f000000 );
+
+    return e - 124.225514990f
+             -   1.498030302f*m
+             -   1.725879990f/(0.3520887068f + m);
+}
+
+SI F approx_log(F x) {
+    const float ln2 = 0.69314718f;
+    return ln2 * approx_log2(x);
+}
+
+SI F approx_exp2(F x) {
+    F fract = x - floor_(x);
+
+    F fbits = (1.0f * (1<<23)) * (x + 121.274057500f
+                                    -   1.490129070f*fract
+                                    +  27.728023300f/(4.84252568f - fract));
+    I32 bits = cast<I32>(min_(max_(fbits, F0), FInfBits));
+
+    return bit_pun<F>(bits);
+}
+
+SI F approx_pow(F x, float y) {
+    return if_then_else((x == F0) | (x == F1), x
+                                             , approx_exp2(approx_log2(x) * y));
+}
+
+SI F approx_exp(F x) {
+    const float log2_e = 1.4426950408889634074f;
+    return approx_exp2(log2_e * x);
+}
+
+SI F strip_sign(F x, U32* sign) {
+    U32 bits = bit_pun<U32>(x);
+    *sign = bits & 0x80000000;
+    return bit_pun<F>(bits ^ *sign);
+}
+
+SI F apply_sign(F x, U32 sign) {
+    return bit_pun<F>(sign | bit_pun<U32>(x));
+}
+
+// Return tf(x).
+SI F apply_tf(const skcms_TransferFunction* tf, F x) {
+    // Peel off the sign bit and set x = |x|.
+    U32 sign;
+    x = strip_sign(x, &sign);
+
+    // The transfer function has a linear part up to d, exponential at d and after.
+    F v = if_then_else(x < tf->d,            tf->c*x + tf->f
+                                , approx_pow(tf->a*x + tf->b, tf->g) + tf->e);
+
+    // Tack the sign bit back on.
+    return apply_sign(v, sign);
+}
+
+// Return the gamma function (|x|^G with the original sign re-applied to x).
+SI F apply_gamma(const skcms_TransferFunction* tf, F x) {
+    U32 sign;
+    x = strip_sign(x, &sign);
+    return apply_sign(approx_pow(x, tf->g), sign);
+}
+
+SI F apply_pq(const skcms_TransferFunction* tf, F x) {
+    U32 bits = bit_pun<U32>(x),
+        sign = bits & 0x80000000;
+    x = bit_pun<F>(bits ^ sign);
+
+    F v = approx_pow(max_(tf->a + tf->b * approx_pow(x, tf->c), F0)
+                       / (tf->d + tf->e * approx_pow(x, tf->c)),
+                     tf->f);
+
+    return bit_pun<F>(sign | bit_pun<U32>(v));
+}
+
+SI F apply_hlg(const skcms_TransferFunction* tf, F x) {
+    const float R = tf->a, G = tf->b,
+                a = tf->c, b = tf->d, c = tf->e,
+                K = tf->f + 1;
+    U32 bits = bit_pun<U32>(x),
+        sign = bits & 0x80000000;
+    x = bit_pun<F>(bits ^ sign);
+
+    F v = if_then_else(x*R <= 1, approx_pow(x*R, G)
+                               , approx_exp((x-c)*a) + b);
+
+    return K*bit_pun<F>(sign | bit_pun<U32>(v));
+}
+
+SI F apply_hlginv(const skcms_TransferFunction* tf, F x) {
+    const float R = tf->a, G = tf->b,
+                a = tf->c, b = tf->d, c = tf->e,
+                K = tf->f + 1;
+    U32 bits = bit_pun<U32>(x),
+        sign = bits & 0x80000000;
+    x = bit_pun<F>(bits ^ sign);
+    x /= K;
+
+    F v = if_then_else(x <= 1, R * approx_pow(x, G)
+                             , a * approx_log(x - b) + c);
+
+    return bit_pun<F>(sign | bit_pun<U32>(v));
+}
+
+// Compute the luminance Y used in the HLG OOTF. This is equivalent to computing the dot product
+// with the vector [0.2627 0.678  0.0593] in Rec2020 primaries, but is performed in the XYZD50
+// space to simplify the pipeline.
+SI F compute_Y_in_xyzd50(F x, F y, F z) {
+  return -0.02831655f * x +
+          1.00995452f * y +
+          0.02102382f * z;
+}
+
+// Strided loads and stores of N values, starting from p.
+template <typename T, typename P>
+SI T load_3(const P* p) {
+#if N == 1
+    return (T)p[0];
+#elif N == 4
+    return T{p[ 0],p[ 3],p[ 6],p[ 9]};
+#elif N == 8
+    return T{p[ 0],p[ 3],p[ 6],p[ 9], p[12],p[15],p[18],p[21]};
+#elif N == 16
+    return T{p[ 0],p[ 3],p[ 6],p[ 9], p[12],p[15],p[18],p[21],
+             p[24],p[27],p[30],p[33], p[36],p[39],p[42],p[45]};
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename P>
+SI T load_4(const P* p) {
+#if N == 1
+    return (T)p[0];
+#elif N == 4
+    return T{p[ 0],p[ 4],p[ 8],p[12]};
+#elif N == 8
+    return T{p[ 0],p[ 4],p[ 8],p[12], p[16],p[20],p[24],p[28]};
+#elif N == 16
+    return T{p[ 0],p[ 4],p[ 8],p[12], p[16],p[20],p[24],p[28],
+             p[32],p[36],p[40],p[44], p[48],p[52],p[56],p[60]};
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename P>
+SI void store_3(P* p, const T& v) {
+#if N == 1
+    p[0] = v;
+#elif N == 4
+    p[ 0] = v[ 0]; p[ 3] = v[ 1]; p[ 6] = v[ 2]; p[ 9] = v[ 3];
+#elif N == 8
+    p[ 0] = v[ 0]; p[ 3] = v[ 1]; p[ 6] = v[ 2]; p[ 9] = v[ 3];
+    p[12] = v[ 4]; p[15] = v[ 5]; p[18] = v[ 6]; p[21] = v[ 7];
+#elif N == 16
+    p[ 0] = v[ 0]; p[ 3] = v[ 1]; p[ 6] = v[ 2]; p[ 9] = v[ 3];
+    p[12] = v[ 4]; p[15] = v[ 5]; p[18] = v[ 6]; p[21] = v[ 7];
+    p[24] = v[ 8]; p[27] = v[ 9]; p[30] = v[10]; p[33] = v[11];
+    p[36] = v[12]; p[39] = v[13]; p[42] = v[14]; p[45] = v[15];
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename P>
+SI void store_4(P* p, const T& v) {
+#if N == 1
+    p[0] = v;
+#elif N == 4
+    p[ 0] = v[ 0]; p[ 4] = v[ 1]; p[ 8] = v[ 2]; p[12] = v[ 3];
+#elif N == 8
+    p[ 0] = v[ 0]; p[ 4] = v[ 1]; p[ 8] = v[ 2]; p[12] = v[ 3];
+    p[16] = v[ 4]; p[20] = v[ 5]; p[24] = v[ 6]; p[28] = v[ 7];
+#elif N == 16
+    p[ 0] = v[ 0]; p[ 4] = v[ 1]; p[ 8] = v[ 2]; p[12] = v[ 3];
+    p[16] = v[ 4]; p[20] = v[ 5]; p[24] = v[ 6]; p[28] = v[ 7];
+    p[32] = v[ 8]; p[36] = v[ 9]; p[40] = v[10]; p[44] = v[11];
+    p[48] = v[12]; p[52] = v[13]; p[56] = v[14]; p[60] = v[15];
+#endif
+}
+
+
+SI U8 gather_8(const uint8_t* p, I32 ix) {
+#if N == 1
+    U8 v = p[ix];
+#elif N == 4
+    U8 v = { p[ix[0]], p[ix[1]], p[ix[2]], p[ix[3]] };
+#elif N == 8
+    U8 v = { p[ix[0]], p[ix[1]], p[ix[2]], p[ix[3]],
+             p[ix[4]], p[ix[5]], p[ix[6]], p[ix[7]] };
+#elif N == 16
+    U8 v = { p[ix[ 0]], p[ix[ 1]], p[ix[ 2]], p[ix[ 3]],
+             p[ix[ 4]], p[ix[ 5]], p[ix[ 6]], p[ix[ 7]],
+             p[ix[ 8]], p[ix[ 9]], p[ix[10]], p[ix[11]],
+             p[ix[12]], p[ix[13]], p[ix[14]], p[ix[15]] };
+#endif
+    return v;
+}
+
+SI U16 gather_16(const uint8_t* p, I32 ix) {
+    // Load the i'th 16-bit value from p.
+    auto load_16 = [p](int i) {
+        return load<uint16_t>(p + 2*i);
+    };
+#if N == 1
+    U16 v = load_16(ix);
+#elif N == 4
+    U16 v = { load_16(ix[0]), load_16(ix[1]), load_16(ix[2]), load_16(ix[3]) };
+#elif N == 8
+    U16 v = { load_16(ix[0]), load_16(ix[1]), load_16(ix[2]), load_16(ix[3]),
+              load_16(ix[4]), load_16(ix[5]), load_16(ix[6]), load_16(ix[7]) };
+#elif N == 16
+    U16 v = { load_16(ix[ 0]), load_16(ix[ 1]), load_16(ix[ 2]), load_16(ix[ 3]),
+              load_16(ix[ 4]), load_16(ix[ 5]), load_16(ix[ 6]), load_16(ix[ 7]),
+              load_16(ix[ 8]), load_16(ix[ 9]), load_16(ix[10]), load_16(ix[11]),
+              load_16(ix[12]), load_16(ix[13]), load_16(ix[14]), load_16(ix[15]) };
+#endif
+    return v;
+}
+
+SI U32 gather_32(const uint8_t* p, I32 ix) {
+    // Load the i'th 32-bit value from p.
+    auto load_32 = [p](int i) {
+        return load<uint32_t>(p + 4*i);
+    };
+#if N == 1
+    U32 v = load_32(ix);
+#elif N == 4
+    U32 v = { load_32(ix[0]), load_32(ix[1]), load_32(ix[2]), load_32(ix[3]) };
+#elif N == 8
+    U32 v = { load_32(ix[0]), load_32(ix[1]), load_32(ix[2]), load_32(ix[3]),
+              load_32(ix[4]), load_32(ix[5]), load_32(ix[6]), load_32(ix[7]) };
+#elif N == 16
+    U32 v = { load_32(ix[ 0]), load_32(ix[ 1]), load_32(ix[ 2]), load_32(ix[ 3]),
+              load_32(ix[ 4]), load_32(ix[ 5]), load_32(ix[ 6]), load_32(ix[ 7]),
+              load_32(ix[ 8]), load_32(ix[ 9]), load_32(ix[10]), load_32(ix[11]),
+              load_32(ix[12]), load_32(ix[13]), load_32(ix[14]), load_32(ix[15]) };
+#endif
+    // TODO: AVX2 and AVX-512 gathers (c.f. gather_24).
+    return v;
+}
+
+SI U32 gather_24(const uint8_t* p, I32 ix) {
+    // Load the i'th 24-bit value from p, and 1 extra byte.
+    auto load_24_32 = [p](int i) {
+        return load<uint32_t>(p + 3*i);
+    };
+
+    // Now load multiples of 4 bytes (r,g,b, then a junk byte).
+#if N == 1
+    U32 v = load_24_32(ix);
+#elif N == 4
+    U32 v = { load_24_32(ix[0]), load_24_32(ix[1]), load_24_32(ix[2]), load_24_32(ix[3]) };
+#elif N == 8 && !defined(USING_AVX2)
+    U32 v = { load_24_32(ix[0]), load_24_32(ix[1]), load_24_32(ix[2]), load_24_32(ix[3]),
+              load_24_32(ix[4]), load_24_32(ix[5]), load_24_32(ix[6]), load_24_32(ix[7]) };
+#elif N == 8
+    (void)load_24_32;
+    // The gather instruction here doesn't need any particular alignment,
+    // but the intrinsic takes a const int*.
+    const int* p4 = bit_pun<const int*>(p);
+    I32 zero = { 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0},
+        mask = {-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1};
+    #if defined(__clang__)
+        U32 v = (U32)__builtin_ia32_gatherd_d256(zero, p4, 3*ix, mask, 1);
+    #elif defined(__GNUC__)
+        U32 v = (U32)__builtin_ia32_gathersiv8si(zero, p4, 3*ix, mask, 1);
+    #endif
+#elif N == 16
+    (void)load_24_32;
+    // The intrinsic is supposed to take const void* now, but it takes const int*, just like AVX2.
+    // And AVX-512 swapped the order of arguments.  :/
+    const int* p4 = bit_pun<const int*>(p);
+    U32 v = (U32)_mm512_i32gather_epi32((__m512i)(3*ix), p4, 1);
+#endif
+
+    // Mask off the junk byte, leaving r,g,b in low 24 bits.
+    return v & 0x00FFFFFF;
+}
+
+#if !defined(__arm__)
+    SI void gather_48(const uint8_t* p, I32 ix, U64* v) {
+        // Load the i'th 48-bit value from p, and 2 extra bytes.
+        auto load_48_64 = [p](int i) {
+            return load<uint64_t>(p + 6*i);
+        };
+
+    #if N == 1
+        *v = load_48_64(ix);
+    #elif N == 4
+        *v = U64{
+            load_48_64(ix[0]), load_48_64(ix[1]), load_48_64(ix[2]), load_48_64(ix[3]),
+        };
+    #elif N == 8 && !defined(USING_AVX2)
+        *v = U64{
+            load_48_64(ix[0]), load_48_64(ix[1]), load_48_64(ix[2]), load_48_64(ix[3]),
+            load_48_64(ix[4]), load_48_64(ix[5]), load_48_64(ix[6]), load_48_64(ix[7]),
+        };
+    #elif N == 8
+        (void)load_48_64;
+        typedef int32_t   __attribute__((vector_size(16))) Half_I32;
+        typedef long long __attribute__((vector_size(32))) Half_I64;
+
+        // The gather instruction here doesn't need any particular alignment,
+        // but the intrinsic takes a const long long*.
+        const long long int* p8 = bit_pun<const long long int*>(p);
+
+        Half_I64 zero = { 0, 0, 0, 0},
+                 mask = {-1,-1,-1,-1};
+
+        ix *= 6;
+        Half_I32 ix_lo = { ix[0], ix[1], ix[2], ix[3] },
+                 ix_hi = { ix[4], ix[5], ix[6], ix[7] };
+
+        #if defined(__clang__)
+            Half_I64 lo = (Half_I64)__builtin_ia32_gatherd_q256(zero, p8, ix_lo, mask, 1),
+                     hi = (Half_I64)__builtin_ia32_gatherd_q256(zero, p8, ix_hi, mask, 1);
+        #elif defined(__GNUC__)
+            Half_I64 lo = (Half_I64)__builtin_ia32_gathersiv4di(zero, p8, ix_lo, mask, 1),
+                     hi = (Half_I64)__builtin_ia32_gathersiv4di(zero, p8, ix_hi, mask, 1);
+        #endif
+        store((char*)v +  0, lo);
+        store((char*)v + 32, hi);
+    #elif N == 16
+        (void)load_48_64;
+        const long long int* p8 = bit_pun<const long long int*>(p);
+        __m512i lo = _mm512_i32gather_epi64(_mm512_extracti32x8_epi32((__m512i)(6*ix), 0), p8, 1),
+                hi = _mm512_i32gather_epi64(_mm512_extracti32x8_epi32((__m512i)(6*ix), 1), p8, 1);
+        store((char*)v +  0, lo);
+        store((char*)v + 64, hi);
+    #endif
+
+        *v &= 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+    }
+#endif
+
+SI F F_from_U8(U8 v) {
+    return cast<F>(v) * (1/255.0f);
+}
+
+SI F F_from_U16_BE(U16 v) {
+    // All 16-bit ICC values are big-endian, so we byte swap before converting to float.
+    // MSVC catches the "loss" of data here in the portable path, so we also make sure to mask.
+    U16 lo = (v >> 8),
+        hi = (v << 8) & 0xffff;
+    return cast<F>(lo|hi) * (1/65535.0f);
+}
+
+SI U16 U16_from_F(F v) {
+    // 65535 == inf in FP16, so promote to FP32 before converting.
+    return cast<U16>(cast<V<float>>(v) * 65535 + 0.5f);
+}
+
+SI F minus_1_ulp(F v) {
+    return bit_pun<F>( bit_pun<U32>(v) - 1 );
+}
+
+SI F table(const skcms_Curve* curve, F v) {
+    // Clamp the input to [0,1], then scale to a table index.
+    F ix = max_(F0, min_(v, F1)) * (float)(curve->table_entries - 1);
+
+    // We'll look up (equal or adjacent) entries at lo and hi, then lerp by t between the two.
+    I32 lo = cast<I32>(            ix      ),
+        hi = cast<I32>(minus_1_ulp(ix+1.0f));
+    F t = ix - cast<F>(lo);  // i.e. the fractional part of ix.
+
+    // TODO: can we load l and h simultaneously?  Each entry in 'h' is either
+    // the same as in 'l' or adjacent.  We have a rough idea that's it'd always be safe
+    // to read adjacent entries and perhaps underflow the table by a byte or two
+    // (it'd be junk, but always safe to read).  Not sure how to lerp yet.
+    F l,h;
+    if (curve->table_8) {
+        l = F_from_U8(gather_8(curve->table_8, lo));
+        h = F_from_U8(gather_8(curve->table_8, hi));
+    } else {
+        l = F_from_U16_BE(gather_16(curve->table_16, lo));
+        h = F_from_U16_BE(gather_16(curve->table_16, hi));
+    }
+    return l + (h-l)*t;
+}
+
+SI void sample_clut_8(const uint8_t* grid_8, I32 ix, F* r, F* g, F* b) {
+    U32 rgb = gather_24(grid_8, ix);
+
+    *r = cast<F>((rgb >>  0) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+    *g = cast<F>((rgb >>  8) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+    *b = cast<F>((rgb >> 16) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+}
+
+SI void sample_clut_8(const uint8_t* grid_8, I32 ix, F* r, F* g, F* b, F* a) {
+    // TODO: don't forget to optimize gather_32().
+    U32 rgba = gather_32(grid_8, ix);
+
+    *r = cast<F>((rgba >>  0) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+    *g = cast<F>((rgba >>  8) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+    *b = cast<F>((rgba >> 16) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+    *a = cast<F>((rgba >> 24) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+}
+
+SI void sample_clut_16(const uint8_t* grid_16, I32 ix, F* r, F* g, F* b) {
+#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__loongarch_sx)
+    // This is up to 2x faster on 32-bit ARM than the #else-case fast path.
+    *r = F_from_U16_BE(gather_16(grid_16, 3*ix+0));
+    *g = F_from_U16_BE(gather_16(grid_16, 3*ix+1));
+    *b = F_from_U16_BE(gather_16(grid_16, 3*ix+2));
+#else
+    // This strategy is much faster for 64-bit builds, and fine for 32-bit x86 too.
+    U64 rgb;
+    gather_48(grid_16, ix, &rgb);
+    rgb = swap_endian_16x4(rgb);
+
+    *r = cast<F>((rgb >>  0) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+    *g = cast<F>((rgb >> 16) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+    *b = cast<F>((rgb >> 32) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+#endif
+}
+
+SI void sample_clut_16(const uint8_t* grid_16, I32 ix, F* r, F* g, F* b, F* a) {
+    // TODO: gather_64()-based fast path?
+    *r = F_from_U16_BE(gather_16(grid_16, 4*ix+0));
+    *g = F_from_U16_BE(gather_16(grid_16, 4*ix+1));
+    *b = F_from_U16_BE(gather_16(grid_16, 4*ix+2));
+    *a = F_from_U16_BE(gather_16(grid_16, 4*ix+3));
+}
+
+static void clut(uint32_t input_channels, uint32_t output_channels,
+                 const uint8_t grid_points[4], const uint8_t* grid_8, const uint8_t* grid_16,
+                 F* r, F* g, F* b, F* a) {
+
+    const int dim = (int)input_channels;
+    if (dim <= 0 || dim > 4) {
+        return;
+    }
+    assert (output_channels == 3 ||
+            output_channels == 4);
+
+    // For each of these arrays, think foo[2*dim], but we use foo[8] since we know dim <= 4.
+    I32 index [8] = {0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0};  // Index contribution by dimension, first low from 0, then high from 4.
+    F   weight[8] = {F0,F0,F0,F0, F0,F0,F0,F0};  // Weight for each contribution, again first low, then high.
+
+    // O(dim) work first: calculate index,weight from r,g,b,a.
+    const F inputs[] = { *r,*g,*b,*a };
+    for (int i = dim-1, stride = 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        // x is where we logically want to sample the grid in the i-th dimension.
+        // We MUST clamp to [0,1] here to avoid negative indices.
+        F x = max_(F0, min_(inputs[i], F1)) * (float)(grid_points[i] - 1);
+
+        // But we can't index at floats.  lo and hi are the two integer grid points surrounding x.
+        I32 lo = cast<I32>(            x      ),   // i.e. trunc(x) == floor(x) here.
+            hi = cast<I32>(minus_1_ulp(x+1.0f));
+        // Notice how we fold in the accumulated stride across previous dimensions here.
+        index[i+0] = lo * stride;
+        index[i+4] = hi * stride;
+        stride *= grid_points[i];
+
+        // We'll interpolate between those two integer grid points by t.
+        F t = x - cast<F>(lo);  // i.e. fract(x)
+        weight[i+0] = 1-t;
+        weight[i+4] = t;
+    }
+
+    *r = *g = *b = F0;
+    if (output_channels == 4) {
+        *a = F0;
+    }
+
+    // We'll sample 2^dim == 1<<dim table entries per pixel,
+    // in all combinations of low and high in each dimension.
+    for (int combo = 0; combo < (1<<dim); combo++) {  // This loop can be done in any order.
+
+        // Each of these upcoming (combo&N)*K expressions here evaluates to 0 or 4,
+        // where 0 selects the low index contribution and its weight 1-t,
+        // or 4 the high index contribution and its weight t.
+
+        // Since 0<dim≤4, we can always just start off with the 0-th channel,
+        // then handle the others conditionally.
+        I32 ix = index [0 + (combo&1)*4];
+        F    w = weight[0 + (combo&1)*4];
+
+        switch ((dim-1)&3) {  // This lets the compiler know there are no other cases to handle.
+            case 3: ix += index [3 + (combo&8)/2];
+                    w  *= weight[3 + (combo&8)/2];
+                    SKCMS_FALLTHROUGH;
+                    // fall through
+
+            case 2: ix += index [2 + (combo&4)*1];
+                    w  *= weight[2 + (combo&4)*1];
+                    SKCMS_FALLTHROUGH;
+                    // fall through
+
+            case 1: ix += index [1 + (combo&2)*2];
+                    w  *= weight[1 + (combo&2)*2];
+        }
+
+        F R,G,B,A=F0;
+        if (output_channels == 3) {
+            if (grid_8) { sample_clut_8 (grid_8 ,ix, &R,&G,&B); }
+            else        { sample_clut_16(grid_16,ix, &R,&G,&B); }
+        } else {
+            if (grid_8) { sample_clut_8 (grid_8 ,ix, &R,&G,&B,&A); }
+            else        { sample_clut_16(grid_16,ix, &R,&G,&B,&A); }
+        }
+        *r += w*R;
+        *g += w*G;
+        *b += w*B;
+        *a += w*A;
+    }
+}
+
+static void clut(const skcms_A2B* a2b, F* r, F* g, F* b, F a) {
+    clut(a2b->input_channels, a2b->output_channels,
+         a2b->grid_points, a2b->grid_8, a2b->grid_16,
+         r,g,b,&a);
+}
+static void clut(const skcms_B2A* b2a, F* r, F* g, F* b, F* a) {
+    clut(b2a->input_channels, b2a->output_channels,
+         b2a->grid_points, b2a->grid_8, b2a->grid_16,
+         r,g,b,a);
+}
+
+struct NoCtx {};
+
+struct Ctx {
+    const void* fArg;
+    operator NoCtx()                    { return NoCtx{}; }
+    template <typename T> operator T*() { return (const T*)fArg; }
+};
+
+#define STAGE_PARAMS(MAYBE_REF) SKCMS_MAYBE_UNUSED const char* src, \
+                                SKCMS_MAYBE_UNUSED char* dst,       \
+                                SKCMS_MAYBE_UNUSED F MAYBE_REF r,   \
+                                SKCMS_MAYBE_UNUSED F MAYBE_REF g,   \
+                                SKCMS_MAYBE_UNUSED F MAYBE_REF b,   \
+                                SKCMS_MAYBE_UNUSED F MAYBE_REF a,   \
+                                SKCMS_MAYBE_UNUSED int i
+
+#if SKCMS_HAS_MUSTTAIL
+
+    // Stages take a stage list, and each stage is responsible for tail-calling the next one.
+    //
+    // Unfortunately, we can't declare a StageFn as a function pointer which takes a pointer to
+    // another StageFn; declaring this leads to a circular dependency. To avoid this, StageFn is
+    // wrapped in a single-element `struct StageList` which we are able to forward-declare.
+    struct StageList;
+    using StageFn = void (*)(StageList stages, const void** ctx, STAGE_PARAMS());
+    struct StageList {
+        const StageFn* fn;
+    };
+
+    #define DECLARE_STAGE(name, arg, CALL_NEXT)                                 \
+        SI void Exec_##name##_k(arg, STAGE_PARAMS(&));                          \
+                                                                                \
+        SI void Exec_##name(StageList list, const void** ctx, STAGE_PARAMS()) { \
+            Exec_##name##_k(Ctx{*ctx}, src, dst, r, g, b, a, i);                \
+            ++list.fn; ++ctx;                                                   \
+            CALL_NEXT;                                                          \
+        }                                                                       \
+                                                                                \
+        SI void Exec_##name##_k(arg, STAGE_PARAMS(&))
+
+    #define STAGE(name, arg)                                                                \
+        DECLARE_STAGE(name, arg, [[clang::musttail]] return (*list.fn)(list, ctx, src, dst, \
+                                                                       r, g, b, a, i))
+
+    #define FINAL_STAGE(name, arg) \
+        DECLARE_STAGE(name, arg, /* Stop executing stages and return to the caller. */)
+
+#else
+
+    #define DECLARE_STAGE(name, arg)                            \
+        SI void Exec_##name##_k(arg, STAGE_PARAMS(&));          \
+                                                                \
+        SI void Exec_##name(const void* ctx, STAGE_PARAMS(&)) { \
+            Exec_##name##_k(Ctx{ctx}, src, dst, r, g, b, a, i); \
+        }                                                       \
+                                                                \
+        SI void Exec_##name##_k(arg, STAGE_PARAMS(&))
+
+    #define STAGE(name, arg)       DECLARE_STAGE(name, arg)
+    #define FINAL_STAGE(name, arg) DECLARE_STAGE(name, arg)
+
+#endif
+
+STAGE(load_a8, NoCtx) {
+    a = F_from_U8(load<U8>(src + 1*i));
+}
+
+STAGE(load_g8, NoCtx) {
+    r = g = b = F_from_U8(load<U8>(src + 1*i));
+}
+
+STAGE(load_ga88, NoCtx) {
+    U16 u16 = load<U16>(src + 2 * i);
+    r = g = b = cast<F>((u16 >> 0) & 0xff) * (1 / 255.0f);
+            a = cast<F>((u16 >> 8) & 0xff) * (1 / 255.0f);
+}
+
+STAGE(load_4444, NoCtx) {
+    U16 abgr = load<U16>(src + 2*i);
+
+    r = cast<F>((abgr >> 12) & 0xf) * (1/15.0f);
+    g = cast<F>((abgr >>  8) & 0xf) * (1/15.0f);
+    b = cast<F>((abgr >>  4) & 0xf) * (1/15.0f);
+    a = cast<F>((abgr >>  0) & 0xf) * (1/15.0f);
+}
+
+STAGE(load_565, NoCtx) {
+    U16 rgb = load<U16>(src + 2*i);
+
+    r = cast<F>(rgb & (uint16_t)(31<< 0)) * (1.0f / (31<< 0));
+    g = cast<F>(rgb & (uint16_t)(63<< 5)) * (1.0f / (63<< 5));
+    b = cast<F>(rgb & (uint16_t)(31<<11)) * (1.0f / (31<<11));
+}
+
+STAGE(load_888, NoCtx) {
+    const uint8_t* rgb = (const uint8_t*)(src + 3*i);
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    // There's no uint8x4x3_t or vld3 load for it, so we'll load each rgb pixel one at
+    // a time.  Since we're doing that, we might as well load them into 16-bit lanes.
+    // (We'd even load into 32-bit lanes, but that's not possible on ARMv7.)
+    uint8x8x3_t v = {{ vdup_n_u8(0), vdup_n_u8(0), vdup_n_u8(0) }};
+    v = vld3_lane_u8(rgb+0, v, 0);
+    v = vld3_lane_u8(rgb+3, v, 2);
+    v = vld3_lane_u8(rgb+6, v, 4);
+    v = vld3_lane_u8(rgb+9, v, 6);
+
+    // Now if we squint, those 3 uint8x8_t we constructed are really U16s, easy to
+    // convert to F.  (Again, U32 would be even better here if drop ARMv7 or split
+    // ARMv7 and ARMv8 impls.)
+    r = cast<F>((U16)v.val[0]) * (1/255.0f);
+    g = cast<F>((U16)v.val[1]) * (1/255.0f);
+    b = cast<F>((U16)v.val[2]) * (1/255.0f);
+#else
+    r = cast<F>(load_3<U32>(rgb+0) ) * (1/255.0f);
+    g = cast<F>(load_3<U32>(rgb+1) ) * (1/255.0f);
+    b = cast<F>(load_3<U32>(rgb+2) ) * (1/255.0f);
+#endif
+}
+
+STAGE(load_8888, NoCtx) {
+    U32 rgba = load<U32>(src + 4*i);
+
+    r = cast<F>((rgba >>  0) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+    g = cast<F>((rgba >>  8) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+    b = cast<F>((rgba >> 16) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+    a = cast<F>((rgba >> 24) & 0xff) * (1/255.0f);
+}
+
+STAGE(load_1010102, NoCtx) {
+    U32 rgba = load<U32>(src + 4*i);
+
+    r = cast<F>((rgba >>  0) & 0x3ff) * (1/1023.0f);
+    g = cast<F>((rgba >> 10) & 0x3ff) * (1/1023.0f);
+    b = cast<F>((rgba >> 20) & 0x3ff) * (1/1023.0f);
+    a = cast<F>((rgba >> 30) & 0x3  ) * (1/   3.0f);
+}
+
+STAGE(load_101010x_XR, NoCtx) {
+    U32 rgba = load<U32>(src + 4*i);
+    r = cast<F>(((rgba >>  0) & 0x3ff) - 384) / 510.0f;
+    g = cast<F>(((rgba >> 10) & 0x3ff) - 384) / 510.0f;
+    b = cast<F>(((rgba >> 20) & 0x3ff) - 384) / 510.0f;
+}
+
+STAGE(load_10101010_XR, NoCtx) {
+    U64 rgba = load<U64>(src + 8 * i);
+    // Each channel is 16 bits, where the 6 low bits are padding.
+    r = cast<F>(((rgba >> ( 0+6)) & 0x3ff) - 384) / 510.0f;
+    g = cast<F>(((rgba >> (16+6)) & 0x3ff) - 384) / 510.0f;
+    b = cast<F>(((rgba >> (32+6)) & 0x3ff) - 384) / 510.0f;
+    a = cast<F>(((rgba >> (48+6)) & 0x3ff) - 384) / 510.0f;
+}
+
+STAGE(load_161616LE, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(src + 6*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                   // src must be 2-byte aligned for this
+    const uint16_t* rgb = (const uint16_t*)ptr; // cast to const uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x3_t v = vld3_u16(rgb);
+    r = cast<F>((U16)v.val[0]) * (1/65535.0f);
+    g = cast<F>((U16)v.val[1]) * (1/65535.0f);
+    b = cast<F>((U16)v.val[2]) * (1/65535.0f);
+#else
+    r = cast<F>(load_3<U32>(rgb+0)) * (1/65535.0f);
+    g = cast<F>(load_3<U32>(rgb+1)) * (1/65535.0f);
+    b = cast<F>(load_3<U32>(rgb+2)) * (1/65535.0f);
+#endif
+}
+
+STAGE(load_16161616LE, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(src + 8*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                    // src must be 2-byte aligned for this
+    const uint16_t* rgba = (const uint16_t*)ptr; // cast to const uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x4_t v = vld4_u16(rgba);
+    r = cast<F>((U16)v.val[0]) * (1/65535.0f);
+    g = cast<F>((U16)v.val[1]) * (1/65535.0f);
+    b = cast<F>((U16)v.val[2]) * (1/65535.0f);
+    a = cast<F>((U16)v.val[3]) * (1/65535.0f);
+#else
+    U64 px = load<U64>(rgba);
+
+    r = cast<F>((px >>  0) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+    g = cast<F>((px >> 16) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+    b = cast<F>((px >> 32) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+    a = cast<F>((px >> 48) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+#endif
+}
+
+STAGE(load_161616BE, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(src + 6*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                   // src must be 2-byte aligned for this
+    const uint16_t* rgb = (const uint16_t*)ptr; // cast to const uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x3_t v = vld3_u16(rgb);
+    r = cast<F>(swap_endian_16((U16)v.val[0])) * (1/65535.0f);
+    g = cast<F>(swap_endian_16((U16)v.val[1])) * (1/65535.0f);
+    b = cast<F>(swap_endian_16((U16)v.val[2])) * (1/65535.0f);
+#else
+    U32 R = load_3<U32>(rgb+0),
+        G = load_3<U32>(rgb+1),
+        B = load_3<U32>(rgb+2);
+    // R,G,B are big-endian 16-bit, so byte swap them before converting to float.
+    r = cast<F>((R & 0x00ff)<<8 | (R & 0xff00)>>8) * (1/65535.0f);
+    g = cast<F>((G & 0x00ff)<<8 | (G & 0xff00)>>8) * (1/65535.0f);
+    b = cast<F>((B & 0x00ff)<<8 | (B & 0xff00)>>8) * (1/65535.0f);
+#endif
+}
+
+STAGE(load_16161616BE, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(src + 8*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                    // src must be 2-byte aligned for this
+    const uint16_t* rgba = (const uint16_t*)ptr; // cast to const uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x4_t v = vld4_u16(rgba);
+    r = cast<F>(swap_endian_16((U16)v.val[0])) * (1/65535.0f);
+    g = cast<F>(swap_endian_16((U16)v.val[1])) * (1/65535.0f);
+    b = cast<F>(swap_endian_16((U16)v.val[2])) * (1/65535.0f);
+    a = cast<F>(swap_endian_16((U16)v.val[3])) * (1/65535.0f);
+#else
+    U64 px = swap_endian_16x4(load<U64>(rgba));
+
+    r = cast<F>((px >>  0) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+    g = cast<F>((px >> 16) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+    b = cast<F>((px >> 32) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+    a = cast<F>((px >> 48) & 0xffff) * (1/65535.0f);
+#endif
+}
+
+STAGE(load_hhh, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(src + 6*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                   // src must be 2-byte aligned for this
+    const uint16_t* rgb = (const uint16_t*)ptr; // cast to const uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x3_t v = vld3_u16(rgb);
+    U16 R = (U16)v.val[0],
+        G = (U16)v.val[1],
+        B = (U16)v.val[2];
+#else
+    U16 R = load_3<U16>(rgb+0),
+        G = load_3<U16>(rgb+1),
+        B = load_3<U16>(rgb+2);
+#endif
+    r = F_from_Half(R);
+    g = F_from_Half(G);
+    b = F_from_Half(B);
+}
+
+STAGE(load_hhhh, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(src + 8*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                    // src must be 2-byte aligned for this
+    const uint16_t* rgba = (const uint16_t*)ptr; // cast to const uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x4_t v = vld4_u16(rgba);
+    U16 R = (U16)v.val[0],
+        G = (U16)v.val[1],
+        B = (U16)v.val[2],
+        A = (U16)v.val[3];
+#else
+    U64 px = load<U64>(rgba);
+    U16 R = cast<U16>((px >>  0) & 0xffff),
+        G = cast<U16>((px >> 16) & 0xffff),
+        B = cast<U16>((px >> 32) & 0xffff),
+        A = cast<U16>((px >> 48) & 0xffff);
+#endif
+    r = F_from_Half(R);
+    g = F_from_Half(G);
+    b = F_from_Half(B);
+    a = F_from_Half(A);
+}
+
+STAGE(load_fff, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(src + 12*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 3) == 0 );                   // src must be 4-byte aligned for this
+    const float* rgb = (const float*)ptr;       // cast to const float* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    float32x4x3_t v = vld3q_f32(rgb);
+    r = (F)v.val[0];
+    g = (F)v.val[1];
+    b = (F)v.val[2];
+#else
+    r = load_3<F>(rgb+0);
+    g = load_3<F>(rgb+1);
+    b = load_3<F>(rgb+2);
+#endif
+}
+
+STAGE(load_ffff, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(src + 16*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 3) == 0 );                   // src must be 4-byte aligned for this
+    const float* rgba = (const float*)ptr;      // cast to const float* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    float32x4x4_t v = vld4q_f32(rgba);
+    r = (F)v.val[0];
+    g = (F)v.val[1];
+    b = (F)v.val[2];
+    a = (F)v.val[3];
+#else
+    r = load_4<F>(rgba+0);
+    g = load_4<F>(rgba+1);
+    b = load_4<F>(rgba+2);
+    a = load_4<F>(rgba+3);
+#endif
+}
+
+STAGE(swap_rb, NoCtx) {
+    F t = r;
+    r = b;
+    b = t;
+}
+
+STAGE(clamp, NoCtx) {
+    r = max_(F0, min_(r, F1));
+    g = max_(F0, min_(g, F1));
+    b = max_(F0, min_(b, F1));
+    a = max_(F0, min_(a, F1));
+}
+
+STAGE(invert, NoCtx) {
+    r = F1 - r;
+    g = F1 - g;
+    b = F1 - b;
+    a = F1 - a;
+}
+
+STAGE(force_opaque, NoCtx) {
+    a = F1;
+}
+
+STAGE(premul, NoCtx) {
+    r *= a;
+    g *= a;
+    b *= a;
+}
+
+STAGE(unpremul, NoCtx) {
+    F scale = if_then_else(F1 / a < INFINITY_, F1 / a, F0);
+    r *= scale;
+    g *= scale;
+    b *= scale;
+}
+
+STAGE(matrix_3x3, const skcms_Matrix3x3* matrix) {
+    F R = matrix->vals[0][0]*r + matrix->vals[0][1]*g + matrix->vals[0][2]*b,
+      G = matrix->vals[1][0]*r + matrix->vals[1][1]*g + matrix->vals[1][2]*b,
+      B = matrix->vals[2][0]*r + matrix->vals[2][1]*g + matrix->vals[2][2]*b;
+
+    r = R;
+    g = G;
+    b = B;
+}
+
+STAGE(matrix_3x4, const skcms_Matrix3x4* matrix) {
+    F R = matrix->vals[0][0]*r + matrix->vals[0][1]*g + matrix->vals[0][2]*b
+        + matrix->vals[0][3],
+      G = matrix->vals[1][0]*r + matrix->vals[1][1]*g + matrix->vals[1][2]*b
+        + matrix->vals[1][3],
+      B = matrix->vals[2][0]*r + matrix->vals[2][1]*g + matrix->vals[2][2]*b
+        + matrix->vals[2][3];
+
+    r = R;
+    g = G;
+    b = B;
+}
+
+STAGE(lab_to_xyz, NoCtx) {
+    // The L*a*b values are in r,g,b, but normalized to [0,1].  Reconstruct them:
+    F L = r * 100.0f,
+      A = g * 255.0f - 128.0f,
+      B = b * 255.0f - 128.0f;
+
+    // Convert to CIE XYZ.
+    F Y = (L + 16.0f) * (1/116.0f),
+      X = Y + A*(1/500.0f),
+      Z = Y - B*(1/200.0f);
+
+    X = if_then_else(X*X*X > 0.008856f, X*X*X, (X - (16/116.0f)) * (1/7.787f));
+    Y = if_then_else(Y*Y*Y > 0.008856f, Y*Y*Y, (Y - (16/116.0f)) * (1/7.787f));
+    Z = if_then_else(Z*Z*Z > 0.008856f, Z*Z*Z, (Z - (16/116.0f)) * (1/7.787f));
+
+    // Adjust to XYZD50 illuminant, and stuff back into r,g,b for the next op.
+    r = X * 0.9642f;
+    g = Y          ;
+    b = Z * 0.8249f;
+}
+
+// As above, in reverse.
+STAGE(xyz_to_lab, NoCtx) {
+    F X = r * (1/0.9642f),
+      Y = g,
+      Z = b * (1/0.8249f);
+
+    X = if_then_else(X > 0.008856f, approx_pow(X, 1/3.0f), X*7.787f + (16/116.0f));
+    Y = if_then_else(Y > 0.008856f, approx_pow(Y, 1/3.0f), Y*7.787f + (16/116.0f));
+    Z = if_then_else(Z > 0.008856f, approx_pow(Z, 1/3.0f), Z*7.787f + (16/116.0f));
+
+    F L = Y*116.0f - 16.0f,
+      A = (X-Y)*500.0f,
+      B = (Y-Z)*200.0f;
+
+    r = L * (1/100.f);
+    g = (A + 128.0f) * (1/255.0f);
+    b = (B + 128.0f) * (1/255.0f);
+}
+
+STAGE(gamma_r, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { r = apply_gamma(tf, r); }
+STAGE(gamma_g, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { g = apply_gamma(tf, g); }
+STAGE(gamma_b, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { b = apply_gamma(tf, b); }
+STAGE(gamma_a, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { a = apply_gamma(tf, a); }
+
+STAGE(gamma_rgb, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) {
+    r = apply_gamma(tf, r);
+    g = apply_gamma(tf, g);
+    b = apply_gamma(tf, b);
+}
+
+STAGE(tf_r, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { r = apply_tf(tf, r); }
+STAGE(tf_g, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { g = apply_tf(tf, g); }
+STAGE(tf_b, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { b = apply_tf(tf, b); }
+STAGE(tf_a, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { a = apply_tf(tf, a); }
+
+STAGE(tf_rgb, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) {
+    r = apply_tf(tf, r);
+    g = apply_tf(tf, g);
+    b = apply_tf(tf, b);
+}
+
+STAGE(pq_r, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { r = apply_pq(tf, r); }
+STAGE(pq_g, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { g = apply_pq(tf, g); }
+STAGE(pq_b, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { b = apply_pq(tf, b); }
+STAGE(pq_a, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { a = apply_pq(tf, a); }
+
+STAGE(pq_rgb, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) {
+    r = apply_pq(tf, r);
+    g = apply_pq(tf, g);
+    b = apply_pq(tf, b);
+}
+
+STAGE(hlg_r, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { r = apply_hlg(tf, r); }
+STAGE(hlg_g, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { g = apply_hlg(tf, g); }
+STAGE(hlg_b, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { b = apply_hlg(tf, b); }
+STAGE(hlg_a, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { a = apply_hlg(tf, a); }
+
+STAGE(hlg_rgb, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) {
+    r = apply_hlg(tf, r);
+    g = apply_hlg(tf, g);
+    b = apply_hlg(tf, b);
+}
+
+// Apply the HLG Reference OOTF, as described in ITU-R BT.2100-3 Table 5.
+STAGE(hlg_ootf_scale, const void*) {
+    // Compute Y in the XYZD50 primaries.
+    F Y = compute_Y_in_xyzd50(r, g, b);
+
+    // Apply the gamma of 1.2.
+    const float gamma_minus_1 = 0.2f;
+    U32 sign;
+    Y = strip_sign(Y, &sign);
+    F Y_to_gamma_minus1 = apply_sign(approx_pow(Y, gamma_minus_1), sign);
+    r = r * Y_to_gamma_minus1;
+    g = g * Y_to_gamma_minus1;
+    b = b * Y_to_gamma_minus1;
+
+    // Scale to the reference peak white (1000 nits) to get display luminance. Then divide by the
+    // HDR reference white (203 nits), to get a value in relative linear color space.
+    r *= 1000.0f / 203.0f;
+    g *= 1000.0f / 203.0f;
+    b *= 1000.0f / 203.0f;
+}
+
+STAGE(hlginv_r, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { r = apply_hlginv(tf, r); }
+STAGE(hlginv_g, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { g = apply_hlginv(tf, g); }
+STAGE(hlginv_b, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { b = apply_hlginv(tf, b); }
+STAGE(hlginv_a, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) { a = apply_hlginv(tf, a); }
+
+STAGE(hlginv_rgb, const skcms_TransferFunction* tf) {
+    r = apply_hlginv(tf, r);
+    g = apply_hlginv(tf, g);
+    b = apply_hlginv(tf, b);
+}
+
+// Perform the inverse of the operation in hlg_ootf_scale.
+STAGE(hlginv_ootf_scale, const void*) {
+    r *= (203.f / 1000.0f);
+    g *= (203.f / 1000.0f);
+    b *= (203.f / 1000.0f);
+
+    const float gamma_inv_minus_1 = 1.0f / 1.2f - 1.0f;
+    F Y = compute_Y_in_xyzd50(r, g, b);
+    U32 sign;
+    Y = strip_sign(Y, &sign);
+    F Y_to_gamma_minus1 = apply_sign(approx_pow(Y, gamma_inv_minus_1), sign);
+
+    r = r * Y_to_gamma_minus1;
+    g = g * Y_to_gamma_minus1;
+    b = b * Y_to_gamma_minus1;
+}
+
+STAGE(table_r, const skcms_Curve* curve) { r = table(curve, r); }
+STAGE(table_g, const skcms_Curve* curve) { g = table(curve, g); }
+STAGE(table_b, const skcms_Curve* curve) { b = table(curve, b); }
+STAGE(table_a, const skcms_Curve* curve) { a = table(curve, a); }
+
+STAGE(clut_A2B, const skcms_A2B* a2b) {
+    clut(a2b, &r,&g,&b,a);
+
+    if (a2b->input_channels == 4) {
+        // CMYK is opaque.
+        a = F1;
+    }
+}
+
+STAGE(clut_B2A, const skcms_B2A* b2a) {
+    clut(b2a, &r,&g,&b,&a);
+}
+
+// From here on down, the store_ ops are all "final stages," terminating processing of this group.
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_a8, NoCtx) {
+    store(dst + 1*i, cast<U8>(to_fixed(a * 255)));
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_g8, NoCtx) {
+    // g should be holding luminance (Y) (r,g,b ~~~> X,Y,Z)
+    store(dst + 1*i, cast<U8>(to_fixed(g * 255)));
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_ga88, NoCtx) {
+    // g should be holding luminance (Y) (r,g,b ~~~> X,Y,Z)
+    store<U16>(dst + 2*i, cast<U16>(to_fixed(g * 255) << 0 )
+                        | cast<U16>(to_fixed(a * 255) << 8 ));
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_4444, NoCtx) {
+    store<U16>(dst + 2*i, cast<U16>(to_fixed(r * 15) << 12)
+                        | cast<U16>(to_fixed(g * 15) <<  8)
+                        | cast<U16>(to_fixed(b * 15) <<  4)
+                        | cast<U16>(to_fixed(a * 15) <<  0));
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_565, NoCtx) {
+    store<U16>(dst + 2*i, cast<U16>(to_fixed(r * 31) <<  0 )
+                        | cast<U16>(to_fixed(g * 63) <<  5 )
+                        | cast<U16>(to_fixed(b * 31) << 11 ));
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_888, NoCtx) {
+    uint8_t* rgb = (uint8_t*)dst + 3*i;
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    // Same deal as load_888 but in reverse... we'll store using uint8x8x3_t, but
+    // get there via U16 to save some instructions converting to float.  And just
+    // like load_888, we'd prefer to go via U32 but for ARMv7 support.
+    U16 R = cast<U16>(to_fixed(r * 255)),
+        G = cast<U16>(to_fixed(g * 255)),
+        B = cast<U16>(to_fixed(b * 255));
+
+    uint8x8x3_t v = {{ (uint8x8_t)R, (uint8x8_t)G, (uint8x8_t)B }};
+    vst3_lane_u8(rgb+0, v, 0);
+    vst3_lane_u8(rgb+3, v, 2);
+    vst3_lane_u8(rgb+6, v, 4);
+    vst3_lane_u8(rgb+9, v, 6);
+#else
+    store_3(rgb+0, cast<U8>(to_fixed(r * 255)) );
+    store_3(rgb+1, cast<U8>(to_fixed(g * 255)) );
+    store_3(rgb+2, cast<U8>(to_fixed(b * 255)) );
+#endif
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_8888, NoCtx) {
+    store(dst + 4*i, cast<U32>(to_fixed(r * 255)) <<  0
+                   | cast<U32>(to_fixed(g * 255)) <<  8
+                   | cast<U32>(to_fixed(b * 255)) << 16
+                   | cast<U32>(to_fixed(a * 255)) << 24);
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_101010x_XR, NoCtx) {
+    store(dst + 4*i, cast<U32>(to_fixed((r * 510) + 384)) <<  0
+                   | cast<U32>(to_fixed((g * 510) + 384)) << 10
+                   | cast<U32>(to_fixed((b * 510) + 384)) << 20);
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_10101010_XR, NoCtx) {
+    // Each channel is 16 bits, where the 6 low bits are padding.
+    store(dst + 8*i, cast<U64>(to_fixed((r * 510) + 384)) << ( 0+6)
+                   | cast<U64>(to_fixed((g * 510) + 384)) << (16+6)
+                   | cast<U64>(to_fixed((b * 510) + 384)) << (32+6)
+                   | cast<U64>(to_fixed((a * 510) + 384)) << (48+6));
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_1010102, NoCtx) {
+    store(dst + 4*i, cast<U32>(to_fixed(r * 1023)) <<  0
+                   | cast<U32>(to_fixed(g * 1023)) << 10
+                   | cast<U32>(to_fixed(b * 1023)) << 20
+                   | cast<U32>(to_fixed(a *    3)) << 30);
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_161616LE, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(dst + 6*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                // The dst pointer must be 2-byte aligned
+    uint16_t* rgb = (uint16_t*)ptr;          // for this cast to uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x3_t v = {{
+        (uint16x4_t)U16_from_F(r),
+        (uint16x4_t)U16_from_F(g),
+        (uint16x4_t)U16_from_F(b),
+    }};
+    vst3_u16(rgb, v);
+#else
+    store_3(rgb+0, U16_from_F(r));
+    store_3(rgb+1, U16_from_F(g));
+    store_3(rgb+2, U16_from_F(b));
+#endif
+
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_16161616LE, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(dst + 8*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );               // The dst pointer must be 2-byte aligned
+    uint16_t* rgba = (uint16_t*)ptr;        // for this cast to uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x4_t v = {{
+        (uint16x4_t)U16_from_F(r),
+        (uint16x4_t)U16_from_F(g),
+        (uint16x4_t)U16_from_F(b),
+        (uint16x4_t)U16_from_F(a),
+    }};
+    vst4_u16(rgba, v);
+#else
+    U64 px = cast<U64>(to_fixed(r * 65535)) <<  0
+           | cast<U64>(to_fixed(g * 65535)) << 16
+           | cast<U64>(to_fixed(b * 65535)) << 32
+           | cast<U64>(to_fixed(a * 65535)) << 48;
+    store(rgba, px);
+#endif
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_161616BE, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(dst + 6*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                // The dst pointer must be 2-byte aligned
+    uint16_t* rgb = (uint16_t*)ptr;          // for this cast to uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x3_t v = {{
+        (uint16x4_t)swap_endian_16(cast<U16>(U16_from_F(r))),
+        (uint16x4_t)swap_endian_16(cast<U16>(U16_from_F(g))),
+        (uint16x4_t)swap_endian_16(cast<U16>(U16_from_F(b))),
+    }};
+    vst3_u16(rgb, v);
+#else
+    U32 R = to_fixed(r * 65535),
+        G = to_fixed(g * 65535),
+        B = to_fixed(b * 65535);
+    store_3(rgb+0, cast<U16>((R & 0x00ff) << 8 | (R & 0xff00) >> 8) );
+    store_3(rgb+1, cast<U16>((G & 0x00ff) << 8 | (G & 0xff00) >> 8) );
+    store_3(rgb+2, cast<U16>((B & 0x00ff) << 8 | (B & 0xff00) >> 8) );
+#endif
+
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_16161616BE, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(dst + 8*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );               // The dst pointer must be 2-byte aligned
+    uint16_t* rgba = (uint16_t*)ptr;        // for this cast to uint16_t* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x4_t v = {{
+        (uint16x4_t)swap_endian_16(cast<U16>(U16_from_F(r))),
+        (uint16x4_t)swap_endian_16(cast<U16>(U16_from_F(g))),
+        (uint16x4_t)swap_endian_16(cast<U16>(U16_from_F(b))),
+        (uint16x4_t)swap_endian_16(cast<U16>(U16_from_F(a))),
+    }};
+    vst4_u16(rgba, v);
+#else
+    U64 px = cast<U64>(to_fixed(r * 65535)) <<  0
+           | cast<U64>(to_fixed(g * 65535)) << 16
+           | cast<U64>(to_fixed(b * 65535)) << 32
+           | cast<U64>(to_fixed(a * 65535)) << 48;
+    store(rgba, swap_endian_16x4(px));
+#endif
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_hhh, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(dst + 6*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                // The dst pointer must be 2-byte aligned
+    uint16_t* rgb = (uint16_t*)ptr;          // for this cast to uint16_t* to be safe.
+
+    U16 R = Half_from_F(r),
+        G = Half_from_F(g),
+        B = Half_from_F(b);
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x3_t v = {{
+        (uint16x4_t)R,
+        (uint16x4_t)G,
+        (uint16x4_t)B,
+    }};
+    vst3_u16(rgb, v);
+#else
+    store_3(rgb+0, R);
+    store_3(rgb+1, G);
+    store_3(rgb+2, B);
+#endif
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_hhhh, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(dst + 8*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 1) == 0 );                // The dst pointer must be 2-byte aligned
+    uint16_t* rgba = (uint16_t*)ptr;         // for this cast to uint16_t* to be safe.
+
+    U16 R = Half_from_F(r),
+        G = Half_from_F(g),
+        B = Half_from_F(b),
+        A = Half_from_F(a);
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    uint16x4x4_t v = {{
+        (uint16x4_t)R,
+        (uint16x4_t)G,
+        (uint16x4_t)B,
+        (uint16x4_t)A,
+    }};
+    vst4_u16(rgba, v);
+#else
+    store(rgba, cast<U64>(R) <<  0
+              | cast<U64>(G) << 16
+              | cast<U64>(B) << 32
+              | cast<U64>(A) << 48);
+#endif
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_fff, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(dst + 12*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 3) == 0 );                // The dst pointer must be 4-byte aligned
+    float* rgb = (float*)ptr;                // for this cast to float* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    float32x4x3_t v = {{
+        (float32x4_t)r,
+        (float32x4_t)g,
+        (float32x4_t)b,
+    }};
+    vst3q_f32(rgb, v);
+#else
+    store_3(rgb+0, r);
+    store_3(rgb+1, g);
+    store_3(rgb+2, b);
+#endif
+}
+
+FINAL_STAGE(store_ffff, NoCtx) {
+    uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)(dst + 16*i);
+    assert( (ptr & 3) == 0 );                // The dst pointer must be 4-byte aligned
+    float* rgba = (float*)ptr;               // for this cast to float* to be safe.
+#if defined(USING_NEON)
+    float32x4x4_t v = {{
+        (float32x4_t)r,
+        (float32x4_t)g,
+        (float32x4_t)b,
+        (float32x4_t)a,
+    }};
+    vst4q_f32(rgba, v);
+#else
+    store_4(rgba+0, r);
+    store_4(rgba+1, g);
+    store_4(rgba+2, b);
+    store_4(rgba+3, a);
+#endif
+}
+
+#if SKCMS_HAS_MUSTTAIL
+
+    SI void exec_stages(StageFn* stages, const void** contexts, const char* src, char* dst, int i) {
+        (*stages)({stages}, contexts, src, dst, F0, F0, F0, F1, i);
+    }
+
+#else
+
+    static void exec_stages(const Op* ops, const void** contexts,
+                            const char* src, char* dst, int i) {
+        F r = F0, g = F0, b = F0, a = F1;
+        while (true) {
+            switch (*ops++) {
+#define M(name) case Op::name: Exec_##name(*contexts++, src, dst, r, g, b, a, i); break;
+                SKCMS_WORK_OPS(M)
+#undef M
+#define M(name) case Op::name: Exec_##name(*contexts++, src, dst, r, g, b, a, i); return;
+                SKCMS_STORE_OPS(M)
+#undef M
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-definitions-in-headers)
+void run_program(const Op* program, const void** contexts, SKCMS_MAYBE_UNUSED ptrdiff_t programSize,
+                 const char* src, char* dst, int n,
+                size_t src_bpp, size_t dst_bpp) {
+#if SKCMS_HAS_MUSTTAIL
+    // Convert the program into an array of tailcall stages.
+    StageFn stages[32];
+    assert(programSize <= ARRAY_COUNT(stages));
+
+    static constexpr StageFn kStageFns[] = {
+#define M(name) &Exec_##name,
+        SKCMS_WORK_OPS(M)
+        SKCMS_STORE_OPS(M)
+#undef M
+    };
+
+    for (ptrdiff_t index = 0; index < programSize; ++index) {
+        stages[index] = kStageFns[(int)program[index]];
+    }
+#else
+    // Use the op array as-is.
+    const Op* stages = program;
+#endif
+
+    int i = 0;
+    while (n >= N) {
+        exec_stages(stages, contexts, src, dst, i);
+        i += N;
+        n -= N;
+    }
+    if (n > 0) {
+        char tmp[4*4*N] = {0};
+
+        memcpy(tmp, (const char*)src + (size_t)i*src_bpp, (size_t)n*src_bpp);
+        exec_stages(stages, contexts, tmp, tmp, 0);
+        memcpy((char*)dst + (size_t)i*dst_bpp, tmp, (size_t)n*dst_bpp);
+    }
+}