react-native-nitro-xlsx 0.2.5 → 0.2.7

package/thirdparty/OpenXLSX/OpenXLSX/sources/XLStyles.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,3014 @@
+/*
+
+   ____                               ____      ___ ____       ____  ____      ___
+  6MMMMb                              `MM(      )M' `MM'      6MMMMb\`MM(      )M'
+ 8P    Y8                              `MM.     d'   MM      6M'    ` `MM.     d'
+6M      Mb __ ____     ____  ___  __    `MM.   d'    MM      MM        `MM.   d'
+MM      MM `M6MMMMb   6MMMMb `MM 6MMb    `MM. d'     MM      YM.        `MM. d'
+MM      MM  MM'  `Mb 6M'  `Mb MMM9 `Mb    `MMd       MM       YMMMMb     `MMd
+MM      MM  MM    MM MM    MM MM'   MM     dMM.      MM           `Mb     dMM.
+MM      MM  MM    MM MMMMMMMM MM    MM    d'`MM.     MM            MM    d'`MM.
+YM      M9  MM    MM MM       MM    MM   d'  `MM.    MM            MM   d'  `MM.
+ 8b    d8   MM.  ,M9 YM    d9 MM    MM  d'    `MM.   MM    / L    ,M9  d'    `MM.
+  YMMMM9    MMYMMM9   YMMMM9 _MM_  _MM_M(_    _)MM_ _MMMMMMM MYMMMM9 _M(_    _)MM_
+            MM
+            MM
+           _MM_
+
+  Copyright (c) 2018, Kenneth Troldal Balslev
+
+  All rights reserved.
+
+  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+  - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+  - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+  - Neither the name of the author nor the
+    names of any contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+  ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+  WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+  DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+  DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+  (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+  LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+  ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+  (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+ */
+
+// ===== External Includes ===== //
+#include <cstdint>      // uint32_t
+#include <iostream>     // std::cout, std::cerr
+#include <memory>       // std::make_unique
+#include <stdexcept>    // std::invalid_argument
+#include <string>       // std::stoi, std::literals::string_literals
+#include <vector>       // std::vector
+
+// ===== OpenXLSX Includes ===== //
+#include "XLColor.hpp"
+#include "XLDocument.hpp"
+#include "XLException.hpp"
+#include "XLStyles.hpp"
+#include "XLXmlParser.hpp"              // pugixml wrapper
+#include "utilities/XLUtilities.hpp"    // OpenXLSX::ignore, ::XL(Keep|Remove)Attributes, appendAndGetNode, appendAnd(G|S)etAttribute, appendAnd(G|S)etNodeAttribute
+
+using namespace OpenXLSX;
+
+namespace     // anonymous namespace for module local functions
+{
+    enum XLStylesEntryType : uint8_t {
+        XLStylesNumberFormats    =   0,
+        XLStylesFonts            =   1,
+        XLStylesFills            =   2,
+        XLStylesBorders          =   3,
+        XLStylesCellStyleFormats =   4,
+        XLStylesCellFormats      =   5,
+        XLStylesCellStyles       =   6,
+        XLStylesColors           =   7,
+        XLStylesDiffCellFormats  =   8,
+        XLStylesTableStyles      =   9,
+        XLStylesExtLst           =  10,
+        XLStylesInvalid          = 255
+    };
+
+    XLStylesEntryType XLStylesEntryTypeFromString(std::string name)
+    {
+        if (name == "numFmts")      return XLStylesNumberFormats;
+        if (name == "fonts")        return XLStylesFonts;
+        if (name == "fills")        return XLStylesFills;
+        if (name == "borders")      return XLStylesBorders;
+        if (name == "cellStyleXfs") return XLStylesCellStyleFormats;
+        if (name == "cellXfs")      return XLStylesCellFormats;
+        if (name == "cellStyles")   return XLStylesCellStyles;
+        if (name == "colors")       return XLStylesColors;
+        if (name == "dxfs")         return XLStylesDiffCellFormats;
+        if (name == "tableStyles")  return XLStylesTableStyles;
+        if (name == "extLst")       return XLStylesExtLst;
+        return XLStylesEntryType::XLStylesInvalid;
+    }
+
+    std::string XLStylesEntryTypeToString(XLStylesEntryType entryType)
+    {
+        switch (entryType) {
+            case XLStylesNumberFormats:    return "numFmts";
+            case XLStylesFonts:            return "fonts";
+            case XLStylesFills:            return "fills";
+            case XLStylesBorders:          return "borders";
+            case XLStylesCellStyleFormats: return "cellStyleXfs";
+            case XLStylesCellFormats:      return "cellXfs";
+            case XLStylesCellStyles:       return "cellStyles";
+            case XLStylesColors:           return "colors";
+            case XLStylesDiffCellFormats:  return "dxfs";
+            case XLStylesTableStyles:      return "tableStyles";
+            case XLStylesExtLst:           return "extLst";
+            case XLStylesInvalid:          [[fallthrough]];
+            default:                       return "(invalid)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    XLUnderlineStyle XLUnderlineStyleFromString(std::string underline)
+    {
+        if (underline == ""
+         || underline == "none")   return XLUnderlineNone;
+        if (underline == "single") return XLUnderlineSingle;
+        if (underline == "double") return XLUnderlineDouble;
+        std::cerr << __func__ << ": invalid underline style " << underline << std::endl;
+        return XLUnderlineInvalid;
+    }
+
+    std::string XLUnderlineStyleToString(XLUnderlineStyle underline)
+    {
+        switch (underline) {
+            case XLUnderlineNone   : return "none";
+            case XLUnderlineSingle : return "single";
+            case XLUnderlineDouble : return "double";
+            case XLUnderlineInvalid: [[fallthrough]];
+            default: return "(invalid)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    XLFontSchemeStyle XLFontSchemeStyleFromString(std::string fontScheme)
+    {
+        if (fontScheme == ""
+         || fontScheme == "none")  return XLFontSchemeNone;
+        if (fontScheme == "major") return XLFontSchemeMajor;
+        if (fontScheme == "minor") return XLFontSchemeMinor;
+        std::cerr << __func__ << ": invalid font scheme " << fontScheme << std::endl;
+        return XLFontSchemeInvalid;
+    }
+
+    std::string XLFontSchemeStyleToString(XLFontSchemeStyle fontScheme)
+    {
+        switch (fontScheme) {
+            case XLFontSchemeNone   : return "none";
+            case XLFontSchemeMajor  : return "major";
+            case XLFontSchemeMinor  : return "minor";
+            case XLFontSchemeInvalid: [[fallthrough]];
+            default                 : return "(invalid)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    XLVerticalAlignRunStyle XLVerticalAlignRunStyleFromString(std::string vertAlign)
+    {
+        if (vertAlign == ""
+         || vertAlign == "baseline")    return XLBaseline;
+        if (vertAlign == "subscript")   return XLSubscript;
+        if (vertAlign == "superscript") return XLSuperscript;
+        std::cerr << __func__ << ": invalid font vertical align run style " << vertAlign << std::endl;
+        return XLVerticalAlignRunInvalid;
+    }
+
+    std::string XLVerticalAlignRunStyleToString(XLVerticalAlignRunStyle vertAlign)
+    {
+        switch (vertAlign) {
+            case XLBaseline               : return "baseline";
+            case XLSubscript              : return "subscript";
+            case XLSuperscript            : return "superscript";
+            case XLVerticalAlignRunInvalid: [[fallthrough]];
+            default                       : return "(invalid)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    XLFillType XLFillTypeFromString(std::string fillType)
+    {
+        if (fillType == "gradientFill") return XLGradientFill;
+        if (fillType == "patternFill" ) return XLPatternFill;
+        if (fillType != "")    // suppress error message for empty fillType (= no node exists yet)
+            std::cerr << __func__ << ": invalid fillType \"" << fillType << "\"" << std::endl;
+        return XLFillTypeInvalid;
+    }
+
+    std::string XLFillTypeToString(XLFillType fillType)
+    {
+        switch (fillType) {
+            case XLGradientFill   : return "gradientFill";
+            case XLPatternFill    : return "patternFill";
+            case XLFillTypeInvalid: [[fallthrough]];
+            default:                return "(invalid)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    XLGradientType XLGradientTypeFromString(std::string gradientType)
+    {
+        if (gradientType == "linear") return XLGradientLinear;
+        if (gradientType == "path")   return XLGradientPath;
+        std::cerr << __func__ << ": invalid gradient type " << gradientType << std::endl;
+        return XLGradientTypeInvalid;
+    }
+    std::string XLGradientTypeToString(XLGradientType gradientType)
+    {
+        switch (gradientType) {
+            case XLGradientLinear     : return "linear";
+            case XLGradientPath       : return "path";
+            case XLGradientTypeInvalid: [[fallthrough]];
+            default:                    return "(invalid)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    XLPatternType XLPatternTypeFromString(std::string patternType)
+    {
+        if (patternType == ""
+         || patternType == "none")            return XLPatternNone;
+        if (patternType == "solid")           return XLPatternSolid;
+        if (patternType == "mediumGray")      return XLPatternMediumGray;
+        if (patternType == "darkGray")        return XLPatternDarkGray;
+        if (patternType == "lightGray")       return XLPatternLightGray;
+        if (patternType == "darkHorizontal")  return XLPatternDarkHorizontal;
+        if (patternType == "darkVertical")    return XLPatternDarkVertical;
+        if (patternType == "darkDown")        return XLPatternDarkDown;
+        if (patternType == "darkUp")          return XLPatternDarkUp;
+        if (patternType == "darkGrid")        return XLPatternDarkGrid;
+        if (patternType == "darkTrellis")     return XLPatternDarkTrellis;
+        if (patternType == "lightHorizontal") return XLPatternLightHorizontal;
+        if (patternType == "lightVertical")   return XLPatternLightVertical;
+        if (patternType == "lightDown")       return XLPatternLightDown;
+        if (patternType == "lightUp")         return XLPatternLightUp;
+        if (patternType == "lightGrid")       return XLPatternLightGrid;
+        if (patternType == "lightTrellis")    return XLPatternLightTrellis;
+        if (patternType == "gray125")         return XLPatternGray125;
+        if (patternType == "gray0625")        return XLPatternGray0625;
+        std::cerr << __func__ << ": invalid patternType " << patternType << std::endl;
+        return XLPatternTypeInvalid;
+    }
+
+    std::string XLPatternTypeToString(XLPatternType patternType)
+    {
+        switch (patternType) {
+            case XLPatternNone           : return "none";
+            case XLPatternSolid          : return "solid";
+            case XLPatternMediumGray     : return "mediumGray";
+            case XLPatternDarkGray       : return "darkGray";
+            case XLPatternLightGray      : return "lightGray";
+            case XLPatternDarkHorizontal : return "darkHorizontal";
+            case XLPatternDarkVertical   : return "darkVertical";
+            case XLPatternDarkDown       : return "darkDown";
+            case XLPatternDarkUp         : return "darkUp";
+            case XLPatternDarkGrid       : return "darkGrid";
+            case XLPatternDarkTrellis    : return "darkTrellis";
+            case XLPatternLightHorizontal: return "lightHorizontal";
+            case XLPatternLightVertical  : return "lightVertical";
+            case XLPatternLightDown      : return "lightDown";
+            case XLPatternLightUp        : return "lightUp";
+            case XLPatternLightGrid      : return "lightGrid";
+            case XLPatternLightTrellis   : return "lightTrellis";
+            case XLPatternGray125        : return "gray125";
+            case XLPatternGray0625       : return "gray0625";
+            case XLPatternTypeInvalid    : [[fallthrough]];
+            default:                       return "(invalid)";
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__    // conditionally enable GCC specific pragmas to suppress unused function warning
+#   pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#   pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#endif // __GNUC__
+    XLLineType XLLineTypeFromString(std::string lineType)
+    {
+        if (lineType == "left")       return XLLineLeft;
+        if (lineType == "right")      return XLLineRight;
+        if (lineType == "top")        return XLLineTop;
+        if (lineType == "bottom")     return XLLineBottom;
+        if (lineType == "diagonal")   return XLLineDiagonal;
+        if (lineType == "vertical")   return XLLineVertical;
+        if (lineType == "horizontal") return XLLineHorizontal;
+        std::cerr << __func__ << ": invalid line type" << lineType << std::endl;
+        return XLLineInvalid;
+    }
+#ifdef __GNUC__    // conditionally enable GCC specific pragmas to suppress unused function warning
+#   pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif // __GNUC__
+
+    std::string XLLineTypeToString(XLLineType lineType)
+    {
+        switch (lineType) {
+            case XLLineLeft:       return "left";
+            case XLLineRight:      return "right";
+            case XLLineTop:        return "top";
+            case XLLineBottom:     return "bottom";
+            case XLLineDiagonal:   return "diagonal";
+            case XLLineVertical:   return "vertical";
+            case XLLineHorizontal: return "horizontal";
+            case XLLineInvalid:    [[fallthrough]];
+            default:               return "(invalid)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    XLLineStyle XLLineStyleFromString(std::string style)
+    {
+        if (style == "")                 return XLLineStyleNone;
+        if (style == "thin")             return XLLineStyleThin;
+        if (style == "medium")           return XLLineStyleMedium;
+        if (style == "dashed")           return XLLineStyleDashed;
+        if (style == "dotted")           return XLLineStyleDotted;
+        if (style == "thick")            return XLLineStyleThick;
+        if (style == "double")           return XLLineStyleDouble;
+        if (style == "hair")             return XLLineStyleHair;
+        if (style == "mediumDashed")     return XLLineStyleMediumDashed;
+        if (style == "dashDot")          return XLLineStyleDashDot;
+        if (style == "mediumDashDot")    return XLLineStyleMediumDashDot;
+        if (style == "dashDotDot")       return XLLineStyleDashDotDot;
+        if (style == "mediumDashDotDot") return XLLineStyleMediumDashDotDot;
+        if (style == "slantDashDot")     return XLLineStyleSlantDashDot;
+        std::cerr << __func__ << ": invalid line style " << style << std::endl;
+        return XLLineStyleInvalid;
+    }
+
+    std::string XLLineStyleToString(XLLineStyle style)
+    {
+        switch (style) {
+            case XLLineStyleNone            : return "";
+            case XLLineStyleThin            : return "thin";
+            case XLLineStyleMedium          : return "medium";
+            case XLLineStyleDashed          : return "dashed";
+            case XLLineStyleDotted          : return "dotted";
+            case XLLineStyleThick           : return "thick";
+            case XLLineStyleDouble          : return "double";
+            case XLLineStyleHair            : return "hair";
+            case XLLineStyleMediumDashed    : return "mediumDashed";
+            case XLLineStyleDashDot         : return "dashDot";
+            case XLLineStyleMediumDashDot   : return "mediumDashDot";
+            case XLLineStyleDashDotDot      : return "dashDotDot";
+            case XLLineStyleMediumDashDotDot: return "mediumDashDotDot";
+            case XLLineStyleSlantDashDot    : return "slantDashDot";
+            case XLLineStyleInvalid         : [[fallthrough]];
+            default                         : return "(invalid)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    XLAlignmentStyle XLAlignmentStyleFromString(std::string alignment)
+    {
+        if (alignment == ""
+         || alignment == "general")          return XLAlignGeneral;
+        if (alignment == "left")             return XLAlignLeft;
+        if (alignment == "right")            return XLAlignRight;
+        if (alignment == "center")           return XLAlignCenter;
+        if (alignment == "top")              return XLAlignTop;
+        if (alignment == "bottom")           return XLAlignBottom;
+        if (alignment == "fill")             return XLAlignFill;
+        if (alignment == "justify")          return XLAlignJustify;
+        if (alignment == "centerContinuous") return XLAlignCenterContinuous;
+        if (alignment == "distributed")      return XLAlignDistributed;
+        std::cerr << __func__ << ": invalid alignment style " << alignment << std::endl;
+        return XLAlignInvalid;
+    }
+
+    std::string XLAlignmentStyleToString(XLAlignmentStyle alignment)
+    {
+        switch (alignment) {
+            case XLAlignGeneral          : return "";
+            case XLAlignLeft             : return "left";
+            case XLAlignRight            : return "right";
+            case XLAlignCenter           : return "center";
+            case XLAlignTop              : return "top";
+            case XLAlignBottom           : return "bottom";
+            case XLAlignFill             : return "fill";
+            case XLAlignJustify          : return "justify";
+            case XLAlignCenterContinuous : return "centerContinuous";
+            case XLAlignDistributed      : return "distributed";
+            case XLAlignInvalid: [[fallthrough]];
+            default: return "(unknown)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string XLReadingOrderToString(uint32_t readingOrder)
+    {
+        switch (readingOrder) {
+            case XLReadingOrderContextual : return "contextual";
+            case XLReadingOrderLeftToRight: return "left-to-right";
+            case XLReadingOrderRightToLeft: return "right-to-left";
+            default: return "(unknown)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void copyXMLNode(XMLNode & destination, XMLNode & source)
+    {
+        if (not source.empty()) {
+            // ===== Copy all XML child nodes
+            for (XMLNode child = source.first_child(); not child.empty(); child = child.next_sibling())
+                destination.append_copy(child);
+            // ===== Copy all XML attributes
+            for (XMLAttribute attr = source.first_attribute(); not attr.empty(); attr = attr.next_attribute())
+                destination.append_copy(attr);
+        }
+    }
+
+   /**
+     * @brief remove trailing unwanted_chars from input
+     * @param input             the string to trim
+     * @param unwanted_chars    all characters to consider trimmable
+     * @return input minus any trailing characters that are part of unwanted_chars
+     */
+    std::string rtrim(const std::string & input, const std::string & unwanted_chars)
+    {
+        size_t end = input.find_last_not_of( unwanted_chars );
+        if( end == std::string::npos )
+            return "";
+        else
+            return input.substr( 0, end + 1 );
+    }
+
+    void wrapNode(XMLNode parentNode, XMLNode & node, std::string const & prefix)
+    {
+        if (not node.empty() && prefix.length() > 0) {
+            XMLNode prev = node.previous_sibling();
+            // 2026-06-10 beauty fix: ensure that inserted prefix is not combined with other blankspaces
+            if (prev.type() == pugi::node_pcdata) {                                             // if node is already preceeded by a text node
+                std::string trimmedVal = rtrim(prev.value(), " \t");                                // trim from end of preceeding text node all spaces & tabs
+                prev.set_value((trimmedVal + prefix).c_str());                                      // and set the value to any remaining characters + prefix
+            }
+            else                                                                                // else: node is not (yet) preceeded by a text node
+                parentNode.insert_child_before(pugi::node_pcdata, node).set_value(prefix.c_str());  // insert prefix before node opening tag
+
+            node.append_child(pugi::node_pcdata).set_value(prefix.c_str());                     // always: insert prefix before node closing tag (within node)
+        }
+    }
+
+   /**
+     * @brief Format val as a string with decimalPlaces
+     * @param val The value to format
+     * @param decimalPlaces The amount of digits following the decimal separator that shall be included in the formatted string
+     * @return The value formatted as a string with the desired amount of decimal places
+     */
+    std::string formatDoubleAsString(double val, int decimalPlaces = 2)
+    {
+        std::string result = std::to_string(val);
+        size_t decimalPos = result.find_first_of('.');
+        if (decimalPos >= result.length())
+            throw XLException("formatDoubleAsString: return value of std::to_string(double val) contains no decimal separator - this should never happen");
+
+        // ===== Return the string representation of val with the decimal separator and decimalPlaces digits following
+        return result.substr(0, decimalPos + 1 + decimalPlaces);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check that a double value is within range, and format it as a string with decimalPlaces
+     * @param val The value to check & format
+     * @param min The lower bound of the valid value range
+     * @param max The upper bound of the valid value range 0 must be larger than min
+     * @param absTolerance The tolerance for rounding errors when checking the valid range - must be positive
+     * @param decimalPlaces The amount of digits following the decimal separator that shall be included in the formatted string
+     * @return The value formatted as a string with the desired amount of decimal places
+     * @return An empty string ""s if the value falls outside the valid range
+     * @note values that fall outside the range but within the tolerance will be rounded to the nearest range bound
+     */
+    std::string checkAndFormatDoubleAsString(double val, double min, double max, double absTolerance, int decimalPlaces = 2)
+    {
+        if (max <= min || absTolerance < 0.0) throw XLException("checkAndFormatDoubleAsString: max must be greater than min and absTolerance must be >= 0.0");
+        if (val < min - absTolerance || val > max + absTolerance) return ""; // range check
+        if (val < min) val = min; else if (val > max) val = max;             // fix rounding errors within tolerance
+        return formatDoubleAsString(val, decimalPlaces);
+    }
+}    // anonymous namespace
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Default constructor. Initializes an empty XLNumberFormat object
+ */
+XLNumberFormat::XLNumberFormat() : m_numberFormatNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLNumberFormat object.
+ */
+XLNumberFormat::XLNumberFormat(const XMLNode& node) : m_numberFormatNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLNumberFormat::XLNumberFormat(const XLNumberFormat& other)
+    : m_numberFormatNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_numberFormatNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLNumberFormat::XLNumberFormat(XLNumberFormat&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLNumberFormat::~XLNumberFormat() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLNumberFormat& XLNumberFormat::operator=(const XLNumberFormat& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_numberFormatNode = *other.m_numberFormatNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLNumberFormat& XLNumberFormat::operator=(XLNumberFormat&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the numFmtId value
+ */
+uint32_t XLNumberFormat::numberFormatId() const { return m_numberFormatNode->attribute("numFmtId").as_uint(XLInvalidUInt32); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the formatCode value
+ */
+std::string XLNumberFormat::formatCode() const { return m_numberFormatNode->attribute("formatCode").value(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions
+ */
+bool XLNumberFormat::setNumberFormatId(uint32_t newNumberFormatId)
+    { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_numberFormatNode, "numFmtId",   std::to_string(newNumberFormatId)).empty() == false; }
+bool XLNumberFormat::setFormatCode    (std::string newFormatCode)
+    { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_numberFormatNode, "formatCode", newFormatCode.c_str()            ).empty() == false; }
+
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the number format
+ */
+std::string XLNumberFormat::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    return "numFmtId="s + std::to_string(numberFormatId())
+         + ", formatCode="s + formatCode();
+}
+
+
+// ===== XLNumberFormats, parent of XLNumberFormat
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLNumberFormats object
+ */
+XLNumberFormats::XLNumberFormats() : m_numberFormatsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLNumberFormats object.
+ */
+XLNumberFormats::XLNumberFormats(const XMLNode& numberFormats)
+    : m_numberFormatsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(numberFormats))
+{
+    // initialize XLNumberFormat entries and m_numberFormats here
+    XMLNode node = numberFormats.first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    while (not node.empty()) {
+        std::string nodeName = node.name();
+        if (nodeName == "numFmt")
+            m_numberFormats.push_back(XLNumberFormat(node));
+        else
+            std::cerr << "WARNING: XLNumberFormats constructor: unknown subnode " << nodeName << std::endl;
+        node = node.next_sibling_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLNumberFormats::XLNumberFormats(const XLNumberFormats& other)
+    : m_numberFormatsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_numberFormatsNode)),
+      m_numberFormats(other.m_numberFormats)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLNumberFormats::XLNumberFormats(XLNumberFormats&& other)
+    : m_numberFormatsNode(std::move(other.m_numberFormatsNode)),
+      m_numberFormats(std::move(other.m_numberFormats))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLNumberFormats::~XLNumberFormats()
+{
+    m_numberFormats.clear(); // delete vector with all children
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLNumberFormats& XLNumberFormats::operator=(const XLNumberFormats& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        *m_numberFormatsNode = *other.m_numberFormatsNode;
+        m_numberFormats.clear();
+        m_numberFormats = other.m_numberFormats;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator.
+ */
+XLNumberFormats& XLNumberFormats::operator=(XLNumberFormats&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the amount of numberFormats held by the class
+ */
+size_t XLNumberFormats::count() const { return m_numberFormats.size(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch XLNumberFormat from m_numberFormats by index
+ */
+XLNumberFormat XLNumberFormats::numberFormatByIndex(XLStyleIndex index) const
+{
+    if (index >= m_numberFormats.size()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLNumberFormats::"s + __func__ + ": index "s + std::to_string(index) + " is out of range"s);
+    }
+    return m_numberFormats.at(index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch XLNumberFormat from m_numberFormats by its numberFormatId
+ */
+XLNumberFormat XLNumberFormats::numberFormatById(uint32_t numberFormatId) const
+{
+    for (XLNumberFormat fmt : m_numberFormats)
+        if (fmt.numberFormatId() == numberFormatId)
+            return fmt;
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    throw XLException("XLNumberFormats::"s + __func__ + ": numberFormatId "s + std::to_string(numberFormatId) + " not found"s);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch a numFmtId from m_numberFormats by index
+ */
+uint32_t XLNumberFormats::numberFormatIdFromIndex(XLStyleIndex index) const
+{
+    if (index >= m_numberFormats.size()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLNumberFormats::"s + __func__ + ": index "s + std::to_string(index) + " is out of range"s);
+    }
+    return m_numberFormats[ index ].numberFormatId(); 
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details append a new XLNumberFormat to m_numberFormats and m_numberFormatsNode, based on copyFrom
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLNumberFormats::create(XLNumberFormat copyFrom, std::string styleEntriesPrefix)
+{
+    XLStyleIndex index = count();    // index for the number format to be created
+    XMLNode newNode{};               // scope declaration
+
+    // ===== Append new node prior to final whitespaces, if any
+    XMLNode lastStyle = m_numberFormatsNode->last_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    if (lastStyle.empty()) newNode = m_numberFormatsNode->prepend_child("numFmt");
+    else                   newNode = m_numberFormatsNode->insert_child_after("numFmt", lastStyle);
+    if (newNode.empty()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLNumberFormats::"s + __func__ + ": failed to append a new numFmt node"s);
+    }
+    if (styleEntriesPrefix.length() > 0)    // if a whitespace prefix is configured
+        m_numberFormatsNode->insert_child_before(pugi::node_pcdata, newNode).set_value(styleEntriesPrefix.c_str());    // prefix the new node with styleEntriesPrefix
+
+    XLNumberFormat newNumberFormat(newNode);
+    if (copyFrom.m_numberFormatNode->empty()) {    // if no template is given
+        // ===== Create a number format with default values
+        newNumberFormat.setNumberFormatId(0);
+        newNumberFormat.setFormatCode("General");
+    }
+    else
+        copyXMLNode(newNode, *copyFrom.m_numberFormatNode); // will use copyFrom as template, does nothing if copyFrom is empty
+
+    m_numberFormats.push_back(newNumberFormat);
+    appendAndSetAttribute(*m_numberFormatsNode, "count", std::to_string(m_numberFormats.size())); // update array count in XML
+    return index;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLFont object
+ */
+XLFont::XLFont() : m_fontNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLFont object.
+ */
+XLFont::XLFont(const XMLNode& node) : m_fontNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLFont::XLFont(const XLFont& other)
+    : m_fontNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_fontNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLFont::XLFont(XLFont&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLFont::~XLFont() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLFont& XLFont::operator=(const XLFont& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_fontNode = *other.m_fontNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLFont& XLFont::operator=(XLFont&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the font name property
+ */
+std::string XLFont::fontName() const
+{
+    XMLAttribute attr = appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "name", "val", OpenXLSX::XLDefaultFontName);
+    return attr.value();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the font charset property
+ */
+size_t XLFont::fontCharset() const
+{
+    XMLAttribute attr = appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "charset", "val", std::to_string(OpenXLSX::XLDefaultFontCharset));
+    return attr.as_uint();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the font family property
+ */
+size_t XLFont::fontFamily() const
+{
+    XMLAttribute attr = appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "family", "val", std::to_string(OpenXLSX::XLDefaultFontFamily));
+    return attr.as_uint();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the font size property
+ */
+size_t XLFont::fontSize() const
+{
+    XMLAttribute attr = appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "sz", "val", std::to_string(OpenXLSX::XLDefaultFontSize));
+    return attr.as_uint();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the font color property
+ */
+XLColor XLFont::fontColor() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    // XMLAttribute attr = appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "color", "theme", OpenXLSX::XLDefaultFontColorTheme);
+    // TBD what "theme" is and whether it should be supported at all
+    XMLAttribute attr = appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "color", "rgb", XLDefaultFontColor);
+    return XLColor(attr.value());
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details getter functions: return the font's bold, italic, underline, strikethrough status
+ */
+bool                    XLFont::bold()          const { return getBoolAttributeWhenOmittedMeansTrue(*m_fontNode, "b",        "val"); }
+bool                    XLFont::italic()        const { return getBoolAttributeWhenOmittedMeansTrue(*m_fontNode, "i",        "val"); }
+bool                    XLFont::strikethrough() const { return getBoolAttributeWhenOmittedMeansTrue(*m_fontNode, "strike",   "val"); }
+XLUnderlineStyle        XLFont::underline()     const { return XLUnderlineStyleFromString       (appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "u",         "val", "none"    ).value()  ); }
+XLFontSchemeStyle       XLFont::scheme()        const { return XLFontSchemeStyleFromString      (appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "scheme",    "val", "none"    ).value()  ); }
+XLVerticalAlignRunStyle XLFont::vertAlign()     const { return XLVerticalAlignRunStyleFromString(appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "vertAlign", "val", "baseline").value()  ); }
+bool                    XLFont::outline()       const { return getBoolAttributeWhenOmittedMeansTrue(*m_fontNode, "outline",  "val"); }
+bool                    XLFont::shadow()        const { return getBoolAttributeWhenOmittedMeansTrue(*m_fontNode, "shadow",   "val"); }
+bool                    XLFont::condense()      const { return getBoolAttributeWhenOmittedMeansTrue(*m_fontNode, "condense", "val"); }
+bool                    XLFont::extend()        const { return getBoolAttributeWhenOmittedMeansTrue(*m_fontNode, "extend",   "val"); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions
+ */
+bool XLFont::setFontName     (std::string newName)    { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "name",     "val", newName.c_str()                        ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setFontCharset  (size_t newCharset)      { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "charset",  "val", std::to_string(newCharset)             ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setFontFamily   (size_t newFamily)       { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "family",   "val", std::to_string(newFamily)              ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setFontSize     (size_t newSize)         { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "sz",       "val", std::to_string(newSize)                ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setFontColor    (XLColor newColor)       { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "color",    "rgb", newColor.hex(), XLRemoveAttributes     ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setBold         (bool set)               { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "b",        "val", (set ? "true" : "false")               ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setItalic       (bool set)               { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "i",        "val", (set ? "true" : "false")               ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setStrikethrough(bool set)               { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "strike",   "val", (set ? "true" : "false")               ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setUnderline    (XLUnderlineStyle style)
+    { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "u",         "val", XLUnderlineStyleToString       (style       ).c_str()).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setScheme       (XLFontSchemeStyle newScheme)
+    { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "scheme",    "val", XLFontSchemeStyleToString      (newScheme   ).c_str()).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setVertAlign    (XLVerticalAlignRunStyle newVertAlign)
+    { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "vertAlign", "val", XLVerticalAlignRunStyleToString(newVertAlign).c_str()).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setOutline (bool set)                    { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "outline",  "val", (set ? "true" : "false")               ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setShadow  (bool set)                    { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "shadow",   "val", (set ? "true" : "false")               ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setCondense(bool set)                    { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "condense", "val", (set ? "true" : "false")               ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLFont::setExtend  (bool set)                    { return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_fontNode, "extend",   "val", (set ? "true" : "false")               ).empty() == false; }
+
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the font
+ */
+std::string XLFont::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    return "font name is "s + fontName()
+         + ", charset: "s + std::to_string(fontCharset())
+         + ", font family: "s + std::to_string(fontFamily())
+         + ", size: "s + std::to_string(fontSize())
+         + ", color: "s + fontColor().hex()
+         + (bold() ? ", +bold"s : ""s)
+         + (italic() ? ", +italic"s : ""s)
+         + (strikethrough() ? ", +strikethrough"s : ""s)
+         + (underline() != XLUnderlineNone ? ", underline: "s + XLUnderlineStyleToString(underline()) : ""s)
+         + (scheme() != XLFontSchemeNone ? ", scheme: "s + XLFontSchemeStyleToString(scheme()) : ""s)
+         + (vertAlign() != XLBaseline ? ", vertAlign: "s + XLVerticalAlignRunStyleToString(vertAlign()) : ""s)
+         + (outline() ? ", +outline"s : ""s)
+         + (shadow() ? ", +shadow"s : ""s)
+         + (condense() ? ", +condense"s : ""s)
+         + (extend() ? ", +extend"s : ""s);
+}
+
+
+// ===== XLFonts, parent of XLFont
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLFonts object
+ */
+XLFonts::XLFonts() : m_fontsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLFonts object.
+ */
+XLFonts::XLFonts(const XMLNode& fonts)
+    : m_fontsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(fonts))
+{
+    // initialize XLFonts entries and m_fonts here
+    XMLNode node = m_fontsNode->first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    while (not node.empty()) {
+        std::string nodeName = node.name();
+        if (nodeName == "font")
+            m_fonts.push_back(XLFont(node));
+        else
+            std::cerr << "WARNING: XLFonts constructor: unknown subnode " << nodeName << std::endl;
+        node = node.next_sibling_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLFonts::XLFonts(const XLFonts& other)
+    : m_fontsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_fontsNode)),
+      m_fonts(other.m_fonts)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLFonts::XLFonts(XLFonts&& other)
+    : m_fontsNode(std::move(other.m_fontsNode)),
+      m_fonts(std::move(other.m_fonts))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLFonts::~XLFonts()
+{
+    m_fonts.clear(); // delete vector with all children
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLFonts& XLFonts::operator=(const XLFonts& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        *m_fontsNode = *other.m_fontsNode;
+        m_fonts.clear();
+        m_fonts = other.m_fonts;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLFonts& XLFonts::operator=(XLFonts&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the amount of fonts held by the class
+ */
+size_t XLFonts::count() const { return m_fonts.size(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch XLFont from m_Fonts by index
+ */
+XLFont XLFonts::fontByIndex(XLStyleIndex index) const
+{
+    if (index >= m_fonts.size()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLFonts::"s + __func__ + ": attempted to access index "s + std::to_string(index) + " with count "s + std::to_string(m_fonts.size()));
+    }
+    return m_fonts.at(index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details append a new XLFont to m_fonts and m_fontsNode, based on copyFrom
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLFonts::create(XLFont copyFrom, std::string styleEntriesPrefix)
+{
+    XLStyleIndex index = count();    // index for the font to be created
+    XMLNode newNode{};               // scope declaration
+
+    // ===== Append new node prior to final whitespaces, if any
+    XMLNode lastStyle = m_fontsNode->last_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    if (lastStyle.empty()) newNode = m_fontsNode->prepend_child("font");
+    else                   newNode = m_fontsNode->insert_child_after("font", lastStyle);
+    if (newNode.empty()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLFonts::"s + __func__ + ": failed to append a new fonts node"s);
+    }
+    if (styleEntriesPrefix.length() > 0)    // if a whitespace prefix is configured
+        m_fontsNode->insert_child_before(pugi::node_pcdata, newNode).set_value(styleEntriesPrefix.c_str());    // prefix the new node with styleEntriesPrefix
+
+    XLFont newFont(newNode);
+    if (copyFrom.m_fontNode->empty()) {    // if no template is given
+        // ===== Create a font with default values
+        // TODO: implement font defaults
+        // newFont.setProperty(defaultValue);
+        // ...
+    }
+    else
+        copyXMLNode(newNode, *copyFrom.m_fontNode);    // will use copyFrom as template, does nothing if copyFrom is empty
+
+    m_fonts.push_back(newFont);
+    appendAndSetAttribute(*m_fontsNode, "count", std::to_string(m_fonts.size())); // update array count in XML
+    return index;
+}
+
+
+// ===== XLDataBarColor, used by XLFills gradientFill and by XLLine (to be implemented)
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLDataBarColor object
+ */
+XLDataBarColor::XLDataBarColor() : m_colorNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLDataBarColor object.
+ */
+XLDataBarColor::XLDataBarColor(const XMLNode& node) : m_colorNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor - initializes the member variables from other
+ */
+XLDataBarColor::XLDataBarColor(const XLDataBarColor& other)
+    : m_colorNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_colorNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move Constructor
+ */
+XLDataBarColor::XLDataBarColor(XLDataBarColor&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLDataBarColor::~XLDataBarColor() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLDataBarColor& XLDataBarColor::operator=(const XLDataBarColor& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_colorNode = *other.m_colorNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLDataBarColor& XLDataBarColor::operator=(XLDataBarColor&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Getter functions
+ */
+XLColor  XLDataBarColor::rgb()       const { return XLColor(m_colorNode->attribute("rgb"    ).as_string("ffffffff")); }
+double   XLDataBarColor::tint()      const { return         m_colorNode->attribute("tint"   ).as_double(0.0)        ; }
+bool     XLDataBarColor::automatic() const { return         m_colorNode->attribute("auto"   ).as_bool()             ; }
+uint32_t XLDataBarColor::indexed()   const { return         m_colorNode->attribute("indexed").as_uint()             ; }
+uint32_t XLDataBarColor::theme()     const { return         m_colorNode->attribute("theme"  ).as_uint()             ; }
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions
+ */
+bool XLDataBarColor::setRgb (XLColor newColor)     { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_colorNode, "rgb",       newColor.hex()               ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLDataBarColor::setTint(double newTint)
+{
+    std::string tintString = "";
+    if (newTint != 0.0) {
+        tintString = checkAndFormatDoubleAsString(newTint, -1.0, +1.0, 0.01);
+        if (tintString.length() == 0) {
+            using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+            throw XLException("XLDataBarColor::setTint: color tint "s + std::to_string(newTint) + " is not in range [-1.0;+1.0]"s);
+        }
+    }
+    if (tintString.length() == 0) return m_colorNode->remove_attribute("tint");           // remove tint attribute for a value 0
+
+    return (appendAndSetAttribute(*m_colorNode, "tint", tintString).empty() == false);    // else: set tint attribute
+}
+bool XLDataBarColor::setAutomatic(bool set)        { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_colorNode, "auto",      (set ? "true" : "false")     ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLDataBarColor::setIndexed(uint32_t newIndex) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_colorNode, "indexed",   std::to_string(newIndex)     ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLDataBarColor::setTheme(uint32_t newTheme)   {
+    if( newTheme == XLDeleteProperty ) return m_colorNode->remove_attribute("theme");
+    return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_colorNode, "theme",     std::to_string(newTheme)     ).empty() == false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the color
+ */
+std::string XLDataBarColor::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    return "rgb is "s + rgb().hex()
+         + ", tint is "s + formatDoubleAsString(tint())
+         + (automatic() ? ", +automatic"s : ""s)
+         + (indexed() ? (", index is "s + std::to_string(indexed())) : "")
+         + (theme()   ? (", theme is "s + std::to_string(theme()  )) : "")
+         ;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLGradientStop object
+ */
+XLGradientStop::XLGradientStop() : m_stopNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLGradientStop object.
+ */
+XLGradientStop::XLGradientStop(const XMLNode& node) : m_stopNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor - initializes the member variables from other
+ */
+XLGradientStop::XLGradientStop(const XLGradientStop& other)
+    : m_stopNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_stopNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move Constructor
+ */
+XLGradientStop::XLGradientStop(XLGradientStop&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLGradientStop::~XLGradientStop() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLGradientStop& XLGradientStop::operator=(const XLGradientStop& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_stopNode = *other.m_stopNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLGradientStop& XLGradientStop::operator=(XLGradientStop&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Getter functions
+ */
+XLDataBarColor XLGradientStop::color() const
+{
+    XMLNode color = appendAndGetNode(*m_stopNode, "color");
+    if (color.empty()) return XLDataBarColor{};
+    return XLDataBarColor(color);
+}
+double XLGradientStop::position() const
+{
+    XMLAttribute attr = m_stopNode->attribute("position");
+    return attr.as_double(0.0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions
+ */
+bool XLGradientStop::setPosition(double newPosition) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_stopNode, "position", formatDoubleAsString(newPosition)).empty() == false; }
+
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the stop
+ */
+std::string XLGradientStop::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    return "stop position is "s + formatDoubleAsString(position())
+         + ", " + color().summary();
+}
+
+
+// ===== XLGradientStops, parent of XLGradientStop
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLGradientStops object
+ */
+XLGradientStops::XLGradientStops() : m_gradientNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLGradientStops object.
+ */
+XLGradientStops::XLGradientStops(const XMLNode& gradient)
+    : m_gradientNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(gradient))
+{
+    // initialize XLGradientStops entries and m_gradientStops here
+    XMLNode node = m_gradientNode->first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    while (not node.empty()) {
+        std::string nodeName = node.name();
+        if (nodeName == "stop")
+            m_gradientStops.push_back(XLGradientStop(node));
+        else
+            std::cerr << "WARNING: XLGradientStops constructor: unknown subnode " << nodeName << std::endl;
+        node = node.next_sibling_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLGradientStops::XLGradientStops(const XLGradientStops& other)
+    : m_gradientNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_gradientNode)),
+      m_gradientStops(other.m_gradientStops)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLGradientStops::XLGradientStops(XLGradientStops&& other)
+    : m_gradientNode(std::move(other.m_gradientNode)),
+      m_gradientStops(std::move(other.m_gradientStops))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLGradientStops::~XLGradientStops()
+{
+    m_gradientStops.clear(); // delete vector with all children
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLGradientStops& XLGradientStops::operator=(const XLGradientStops& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        *m_gradientNode = *other.m_gradientNode;
+        m_gradientStops.clear();
+        m_gradientStops = other.m_gradientStops;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator.
+ */
+XLGradientStops& XLGradientStops::operator=(XLGradientStops&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the amount of gradient stops held by the class
+ */
+size_t XLGradientStops::count() const { return m_gradientStops.size(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch XLGradientStop from m_gradientStops by index
+ */
+XLGradientStop XLGradientStops::stopByIndex(XLStyleIndex index) const
+{
+    if (index >= m_gradientStops.size()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLGradientStops::"s + __func__ + ": attempted to access index "s + std::to_string(index) + " with count "s + std::to_string(m_gradientStops.size()));
+    }
+    return m_gradientStops.at(index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details append a new XLGradientStop to m_gradientStops m_gradientNode, based on copyFrom
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLGradientStops::create(XLGradientStop copyFrom, std::string styleEntriesPrefix)
+{
+    XLStyleIndex index = count();    // index for the gradient stop to be created
+    XMLNode newNode{};               // scope declaration
+
+    // ===== Append new node prior to final whitespaces, if any
+    XMLNode lastStyle = m_gradientNode->last_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    if (lastStyle.empty()) newNode = m_gradientNode->prepend_child("stop");
+    else                   newNode = m_gradientNode->insert_child_after("stop", lastStyle);
+    if (newNode.empty()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLGradientStops::"s + __func__ + ": failed to append a new stop node"s);
+    }
+    if (styleEntriesPrefix.length() > 0)    // if a whitespace prefix is configured
+        m_gradientNode->insert_child_before(pugi::node_pcdata, newNode).set_value(styleEntriesPrefix.c_str());    // prefix the new node with styleEntriesPrefix
+
+    XLGradientStop newStop(newNode);
+    if (copyFrom.m_stopNode->empty()) {    // if no template is given
+        // ===== Create a stop node with default values
+        // TODO: implement stop defaults
+        // newStop.setProperty(defaultValue);
+        // ...
+    }
+    else
+        copyXMLNode(newNode, *copyFrom.m_stopNode);    // will use copyFrom as template, does nothing if copyFrom is empty
+
+    m_gradientStops.push_back(newStop);
+    appendAndSetAttribute(*m_gradientNode, "count", std::to_string(m_gradientStops.size())); // update array count in XML
+    return index;
+}
+
+std::string XLGradientStops::summary() const
+{
+    std::string result{};
+    for(XLGradientStop stop : m_gradientStops)
+        result += stop.summary() + ", ";
+    if (result.length() < 2) return ""; // if no stop summary was created - return empty string
+    return result.substr(0, result.length() - 2);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLFill object
+ */
+XLFill::XLFill() : m_fillNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLFill object.
+ */
+XLFill::XLFill(const XMLNode& node) : m_fillNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLFill::XLFill(const XLFill& other)
+    : m_fillNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_fillNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLFill::XLFill(XLFill&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLFill::~XLFill() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLFill& XLFill::operator=(const XLFill& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_fillNode = *other.m_fillNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLFill& XLFill::operator=(XLFill&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the name of the first element child of fill
+ * @note an empty node ::name() returns an empty string "", leading to XLFillTypeInvalid
+ */
+XLFillType XLFill::fillType() const { return XLFillTypeFromString(m_fillNode->first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element).name()); }
+
+/**
+ * @details set the fill type for a fill node - if force is true, delete any existing fill properties
+ */
+bool XLFill::setFillType(XLFillType newFillType, bool force)
+{
+    XLFillType ft = fillType(); // determine once, use twice
+
+    // ===== If desired filltype is already set
+    if (ft == newFillType) return true;    // nothing to do
+
+    // ===== If force == true or fillType is just not set at all, delete existing child nodes, otherwise throw
+    if (!force && ft != XLFillTypeInvalid) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLFill::setFillType: can not change the fillType from "s + XLFillTypeToString(fillType())
+                        + " to "s + XLFillTypeToString(newFillType) + " - invoke with force == true if override is desired"s);
+    }
+    // ===== At this point, m_fillNode needs to be emptied for a setting / force-change of the fill type
+
+    // ===== Delete all fill node children and insert a new node for the newFillType
+    m_fillNode->remove_children();
+    return (m_fillNode->append_child(XLFillTypeToString(newFillType).c_str()).empty() == false);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Throw an XLException on a fill of typeToThrowOn
+ */
+void XLFill::throwOnFillType(XLFillType typeToThrowOn, const char *functionName) const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    if (fillType() == typeToThrowOn)
+        throw XLException("XLFill::"s + functionName + " must not be invoked for a "s + XLFillTypeToString(typeToThrowOn));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details get the fill element XML, create element with default XLFillType if none exists
+ */
+XMLNode XLFill::getValidFillDescription(XLFillType fillTypeIfEmpty, const char *functionName)
+{
+    XLFillType throwOnThis = XLFillTypeInvalid;
+    switch (fillTypeIfEmpty) {
+        case XLGradientFill: throwOnThis = XLPatternFill; break;     // throw on non-matching fill type
+        case XLPatternFill : throwOnThis = XLGradientFill; break;    //   "
+        default: throw XLException("XLFill::getValidFillDescription was not invoked with XLPatternFill or XLGradientFill");
+    }
+    throwOnFillType(throwOnThis, functionName);
+    XMLNode fillDescription = m_fillNode->first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element); // fetch an existing fill description
+    if (fillDescription.empty() && setFillType(fillTypeIfEmpty))                   // if none exists, attempt to create a description
+        fillDescription = m_fillNode->first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);         // fetch newly inserted description
+    return fillDescription;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Getter functions for gradientFill
+ */
+XLGradientType  XLFill::gradientType() { return XLGradientTypeFromString(getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__).attribute("type"  ).value()     ); }
+double          XLFill::degree()       { return                          getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__).attribute("degree").as_double(0) ; }
+double          XLFill::left()         { return                          getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__).attribute("left"  ).as_double(0) ; }
+double          XLFill::right()        { return                          getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__).attribute("right" ).as_double(0) ; }
+double          XLFill::top()          { return                          getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__).attribute("top"   ).as_double(0) ; }
+double          XLFill::bottom()       { return                          getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__).attribute("bottom").as_double(0) ; }
+XLGradientStops XLFill::stops()        { return XLGradientStops(         getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__)                                 ); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Getter functions for patternFill
+ */
+XLPatternType XLFill::patternType()
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLPatternFill, __func__);
+    if (fillDescription.empty()) return XLDefaultPatternType;    // if no description could be fetched: fail
+    XMLAttribute attr = appendAndGetNodeAttribute(*m_fillNode, XLFillTypeToString(XLPatternFill), "patternType", XLPatternTypeToString(XLDefaultPatternType));
+    return XLPatternTypeFromString(attr.value());
+}
+
+XLColor XLFill::color()
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLPatternFill, __func__);
+    if (fillDescription.empty()) return XLColor{}; // if no description could be fetched: fail
+    XMLAttribute fgColorRGB = appendAndGetNodeAttribute(fillDescription, "fgColor", "rgb", XLDefaultPatternFgColor);
+    return XLColor(fgColorRGB.value());
+}
+XLColor XLFill::backgroundColor()
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLPatternFill, __func__);
+    if (fillDescription.empty()) return XLColor{}; // if no description could be fetched: fail
+    XMLAttribute bgColorRGB = appendAndGetNodeAttribute(fillDescription, "bgColor", "rgb", XLDefaultPatternBgColor);
+    return XLColor(bgColorRGB.value());
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions for gradientFill
+ */
+bool XLFill::setGradientType(XLGradientType newType)
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__);
+    return appendAndSetAttribute(fillDescription, "type", XLGradientTypeToString(newType)).empty() == false;
+}
+bool XLFill::setDegree(double newDegree)
+{
+    std::string degreeString = checkAndFormatDoubleAsString(newDegree, 0.0, 360.0, 0.01);
+    if (degreeString.length() == 0) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLFill::setDegree: gradientFill degree value "s + std::to_string(newDegree) + " is not in range [0.0;360.0]"s);
+    }
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__);
+    return appendAndSetAttribute(fillDescription, "degree", degreeString                         ).empty() == false;
+}
+bool XLFill::setLeft(double newLeft)
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__);
+    return appendAndSetAttribute(fillDescription, "left",   formatDoubleAsString(newLeft  ).c_str()).empty() == false;
+}
+bool XLFill::setRight(double newRight)
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__);
+    return appendAndSetAttribute(fillDescription, "right",  formatDoubleAsString(newRight ).c_str()).empty() == false;
+}
+bool XLFill::setTop(double newTop)
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__);
+    return appendAndSetAttribute(fillDescription, "top",    formatDoubleAsString(newTop   ).c_str()).empty() == false;
+}
+bool XLFill::setBottom(double newBottom)
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLGradientFill, __func__);
+    return appendAndSetAttribute(fillDescription, "bottom", formatDoubleAsString(newBottom).c_str()).empty() == false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions for patternFill
+ */
+bool XLFill::setPatternType(XLPatternType newFillPattern)
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLPatternFill, __func__);
+    if (fillDescription.empty()) return false; // if no description could be fetched: fail
+    return appendAndSetAttribute(fillDescription, "patternType", XLPatternTypeToString(newFillPattern)).empty() == false;
+}
+bool XLFill::setColor(XLColor newColor)
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLPatternFill, __func__);
+    if (fillDescription.empty()) return false; // if no description could be fetched: fail
+    return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(fillDescription, "fgColor", "rgb", newColor.hex(), XLRemoveAttributes).empty() == false;
+}
+bool XLFill::setBackgroundColor(XLColor newBgColor)
+{
+    XMLNode fillDescription = getValidFillDescription(XLPatternFill, __func__);
+    if (fillDescription.empty()) return false; // if no description could be fetched: fail
+    return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(fillDescription, "bgColor", "rgb", newBgColor.hex(), XLRemoveAttributes).empty() == false;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the fill
+ */
+std::string XLFill::summary()
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    switch (fillType()) {
+        case XLGradientFill:
+            return "fill type is "s + XLFillTypeToString(fillType())
+                 + ", gradient type is "s + XLGradientTypeToString(gradientType())
+                 + ", degree is: "s + formatDoubleAsString(degree())
+                 + ", left is: "s   + formatDoubleAsString(left())
+                 + ", right is: "s  + formatDoubleAsString(right())
+                 + ", top is: "s    + formatDoubleAsString(top())
+                 + ", bottom is: "s + formatDoubleAsString(bottom())
+                 + ", stops: "s + stops().summary();
+        case XLPatternFill :
+            return "fill type is "s + XLFillTypeToString(fillType())
+                 + ", pattern type is "s + XLPatternTypeToString(patternType())
+                 + ", fgcolor is: "s + color().hex() + ", bgcolor: "s + backgroundColor().hex();
+        case XLFillTypeInvalid: [[fallthrough]];
+        default               :
+            return "fill type is invalid!"s;
+    }
+}
+
+// ===== XLFills, parent of XLFill
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLFills object
+ */
+XLFills::XLFills() : m_fillsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLFills object.
+ */
+XLFills::XLFills(const XMLNode& fills)
+    : m_fillsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(fills))
+{
+    // initialize XLFills entries and m_fills here
+    XMLNode node = fills.first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    while (not node.empty()) {
+        std::string nodeName = node.name();
+        if (nodeName == "fill")
+            m_fills.push_back(XLFill(node));
+        else
+            std::cerr << "WARNING: XLFills constructor: unknown subnode " << nodeName << std::endl;
+        node = node.next_sibling_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLFills::XLFills(const XLFills& other)
+    : m_fillsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_fillsNode)),
+      m_fills(other.m_fills)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLFills::XLFills(XLFills&& other)
+    : m_fillsNode(std::move(other.m_fillsNode)),
+      m_fills(std::move(other.m_fills))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLFills::~XLFills()
+{
+    m_fills.clear(); // delete vector with all children
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLFills& XLFills::operator=(const XLFills& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        *m_fillsNode = *other.m_fillsNode;
+        m_fills.clear();
+        m_fills = other.m_fills;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLFills& XLFills::operator=(XLFills&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the amount of fills held by the class
+ */
+size_t XLFills::count() const { return m_fills.size(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch XLFill from m_fills by index
+ */
+XLFill XLFills::fillByIndex(XLStyleIndex index) const
+{
+    if (index >= m_fills.size()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLFills::"s + __func__ + ": attempted to access index "s + std::to_string(index) + " with count "s + std::to_string(m_fills.size()));
+    }
+    return m_fills.at(index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details append a new XLFill to m_fills and m_fillsNode, based on copyFrom
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLFills::create(XLFill copyFrom, std::string styleEntriesPrefix)
+{
+    XLStyleIndex index = count();    // index for the fill to be created
+    XMLNode newNode{};               // scope declaration
+
+    // ===== Append new node prior to final whitespaces, if any
+    XMLNode lastStyle = m_fillsNode->last_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    if (lastStyle.empty()) newNode = m_fillsNode->prepend_child("fill");
+    else                   newNode = m_fillsNode->insert_child_after("fill", lastStyle);
+    if (newNode.empty()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLFills::"s + __func__ + ": failed to append a new fill node"s);
+    }
+    if (styleEntriesPrefix.length() > 0)    // if a whitespace prefix is configured
+        m_fillsNode->insert_child_before(pugi::node_pcdata, newNode).set_value(styleEntriesPrefix.c_str());    // prefix the new node with styleEntriesPrefix
+
+    XLFill newFill(newNode);
+    if (copyFrom.m_fillNode->empty()) {    // if no template is given
+        // ===== Create a fill with default values
+        // TODO: implement fill defaults
+        // newFill.setProperty(defaultValue);
+        // ...
+    }
+    else
+        copyXMLNode(newNode, *copyFrom.m_fillNode);    // will use copyFrom as template, does nothing if copyFrom is empty
+
+    m_fills.push_back(newFill);
+    appendAndSetAttribute(*m_fillsNode, "count", std::to_string(m_fills.size())); // update array count in XML
+    return index;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLLine object
+ */
+XLLine::XLLine() : m_lineNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLLine object.
+ */
+XLLine::XLLine(const XMLNode& node) : m_lineNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLLine::XLLine(const XLLine& other)
+    : m_lineNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_lineNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLLine::XLLine(XLLine&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLLine::~XLLine() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLLine& XLLine::operator=(const XLLine& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_lineNode = *other.m_lineNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLLine& XLLine::operator=(XLLine&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the line style (XLLineStyleNone if line is not set)
+ */
+XLLineStyle XLLine::style() const
+{
+    if (m_lineNode->empty()) return XLLineStyleNone;
+    XMLAttribute attr = appendAndGetAttribute(*m_lineNode, "style", OpenXLSX::XLDefaultLineStyle);
+    return XLLineStyleFromString(attr.value());
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details check if line is used (set) or not
+ */
+XLLine::operator bool() const { return (style() != XLLineStyleNone); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the line data bar color object
+ */
+XLDataBarColor XLLine::color() const
+{
+    XMLNode color = appendAndGetNode(*m_lineNode, "color");
+    if (color.empty()) return XLDataBarColor{};
+    return XLDataBarColor(color);
+}
+// XLColor XLLine::color() const
+// {
+//     XMLNode colorDetails = m_lineNode->child("color");
+//     if (colorDetails.empty()) return XLColor("ffffffff");
+//     XMLAttribute colorRGB = colorDetails.attribute("rgb");
+//     if (colorRGB.empty()) return XLColor("ffffffff");
+//     return XLColor(colorRGB.value());
+// }
+// 
+// /**
+//  * @details Returns the line color tint
+//  */
+// double XLLine::colorTint() const
+// {
+//     XMLNode colorDetails = m_lineNode->child("color");
+//     if (not colorDetails.empty()) {
+//         XMLAttribute colorTint = colorDetails.attribute("tint");
+//         if (not colorTint.empty())
+//             return colorTint.as_double();
+//     }
+//     return 0.0;
+// }
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the fill
+ */
+std::string XLLine::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    return "line style is "s + XLLineStyleToString(style()) + ", "s + color().summary();
+    // double tint = colorTint();
+    // std::string tintSummary = "colorTint is "s + (tint == 0.0 ? "(none)"s : std::to_string(tint));
+    // size_t tintDecimalPos = tintSummary.find_last_of('.');
+    // if (tintDecimalPos != std::string::npos) tintSummary = tintSummary.substr(0, tintDecimalPos + 3); // truncate colorTint double output 2 digits after the decimal separator
+    // return "line style is "s + XLLineStyleToString(style()) + ", color is "s + color().hex() + ", "s + tintSummary;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLBorder object
+ */
+XLBorder::XLBorder() : m_borderNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLBorder object.
+ */
+XLBorder::XLBorder(const XMLNode& node) : m_borderNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLBorder::XLBorder(const XLBorder& other)
+    : m_borderNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_borderNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLBorder::XLBorder(XLBorder&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLBorder::~XLBorder() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLBorder& XLBorder::operator=(const XLBorder& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_borderNode = *other.m_borderNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLBorder& XLBorder::operator=(XLBorder&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details determines whether the diagonalUp property is set
+ */
+bool XLBorder::diagonalUp() const { return m_borderNode->attribute("diagonalUp").as_bool(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details determines whether the diagonalDown property is set
+ */
+bool XLBorder::diagonalDown() const { return m_borderNode->attribute("diagonalDown").as_bool(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details determines whether the outline property is set
+ */
+bool XLBorder::outline() const { return m_borderNode->attribute("outline").as_bool(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch lines
+ */
+XLLine XLBorder::left()       const { return XLLine(m_borderNode->child("left")      ); }
+XLLine XLBorder::right()      const { return XLLine(m_borderNode->child("right")     ); }
+XLLine XLBorder::top()        const { return XLLine(m_borderNode->child("top")       ); }
+XLLine XLBorder::bottom()     const { return XLLine(m_borderNode->child("bottom")    ); }
+XLLine XLBorder::diagonal()   const { return XLLine(m_borderNode->child("diagonal")  ); }
+XLLine XLBorder::vertical()   const { return XLLine(m_borderNode->child("vertical")  ); }
+XLLine XLBorder::horizontal() const { return XLLine(m_borderNode->child("horizontal")); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions
+ */
+bool XLBorder::setDiagonalUp  (bool set) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_borderNode, "diagonalUp",   (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLBorder::setDiagonalDown(bool set) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_borderNode, "diagonalDown", (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLBorder::setOutline     (bool set) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_borderNode, "outline",      (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLBorder::setLine(XLLineType lineType, XLLineStyle lineStyle, XLColor lineColor, double lineTint)
+{
+    XMLNode lineNode = appendAndGetNode(*m_borderNode, XLLineTypeToString(lineType), m_nodeOrder); // generate line node if not present
+    // 2024-12-19: non-existing lines are added using an ordered insert to address issue #304
+    bool success = (lineNode.empty() == false);
+    if (success) success = (appendAndSetAttribute(lineNode, "style", XLLineStyleToString(lineStyle)).empty() == false); // set style attribute
+    XMLNode colorNode{}; // empty node
+    if (success) colorNode = appendAndGetNode(lineNode, "color");                        // generate color node if not present
+    XLDataBarColor colorObject{colorNode};
+    success = (colorNode.empty() == false);
+    if (success) success = colorObject.setRgb(lineColor);
+    if (success) success = colorObject.setTint(lineTint);
+    return success;
+}
+bool XLBorder::setLeft      (XLLineStyle lineStyle, XLColor lineColor, double lineTint) { return setLine(XLLineLeft,       lineStyle, lineColor, lineTint); }
+bool XLBorder::setRight     (XLLineStyle lineStyle, XLColor lineColor, double lineTint) { return setLine(XLLineRight,      lineStyle, lineColor, lineTint); }
+bool XLBorder::setTop       (XLLineStyle lineStyle, XLColor lineColor, double lineTint) { return setLine(XLLineTop,        lineStyle, lineColor, lineTint); }
+bool XLBorder::setBottom    (XLLineStyle lineStyle, XLColor lineColor, double lineTint) { return setLine(XLLineBottom,     lineStyle, lineColor, lineTint); }
+bool XLBorder::setDiagonal  (XLLineStyle lineStyle, XLColor lineColor, double lineTint) { return setLine(XLLineDiagonal,   lineStyle, lineColor, lineTint); }
+bool XLBorder::setVertical  (XLLineStyle lineStyle, XLColor lineColor, double lineTint) { return setLine(XLLineVertical,   lineStyle, lineColor, lineTint); }
+bool XLBorder::setHorizontal(XLLineStyle lineStyle, XLColor lineColor, double lineTint) { return setLine(XLLineHorizontal, lineStyle, lineColor, lineTint); }
+
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the fill
+ */
+std::string XLBorder::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    std::string lineInfo{};
+    lineInfo += ", left: "s + left().summary() + ", right: " + right().summary()
+              + ", top: "s + top().summary() + ", bottom: " + bottom().summary()
+              + ", diagonal: "s + diagonal().summary()
+              + ", vertical: "s + vertical().summary()
+              + ", horizontal: "s + horizontal().summary();
+    return   "diagonalUp: "s   + (diagonalUp()   ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", diagonalDown: "s + (diagonalDown() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", outline: "s      + (outline()      ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + lineInfo;
+}
+
+
+// ===== XLBorders, parent of XLBorder
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLBorders object
+ */
+XLBorders::XLBorders() : m_bordersNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLBorders object.
+ */
+XLBorders::XLBorders(const XMLNode& borders)
+    : m_bordersNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(borders))
+{
+    // initialize XLBorders entries and m_borders here
+    XMLNode node = borders.first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    while (not node.empty()) {
+        std::string nodeName = node.name();
+        if (nodeName == "border")
+            m_borders.push_back(XLBorder(node));
+        else
+            std::cerr << "WARNING: XLBorders constructor: unknown subnode " << nodeName << std::endl;
+        node = node.next_sibling_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLBorders::XLBorders(const XLBorders& other)
+    : m_bordersNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_bordersNode)),
+      m_borders(other.m_borders)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLBorders::XLBorders(XLBorders&& other)
+    : m_bordersNode(std::move(other.m_bordersNode)),
+      m_borders(std::move(other.m_borders))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLBorders::~XLBorders()
+{
+    m_borders.clear(); // delete vector with all children
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLBorders& XLBorders::operator=(const XLBorders& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        *m_bordersNode = *other.m_bordersNode;
+        m_borders.clear();
+        m_borders = other.m_borders;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLBorders& XLBorders::operator=(XLBorders&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the amount of border descriptions held by the class
+ */
+size_t XLBorders::count() const { return m_borders.size(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch XLBorder from m_borders by index
+ */
+XLBorder XLBorders::borderByIndex(XLStyleIndex index) const
+{
+    if (index >= m_borders.size()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLBorders::"s + __func__ + ": attempted to access index "s + std::to_string(index) + " with count "s + std::to_string(m_borders.size()));
+    }
+    return m_borders.at(index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details append a new XLBorder to m_borders and m_bordersNode, based on copyFrom
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLBorders::create(XLBorder copyFrom, std::string styleEntriesPrefix)
+{
+    XLStyleIndex index = count();    // index for the border to be created
+    XMLNode newNode{};               // scope declaration
+
+    // ===== Append new node prior to final whitespaces, if any
+    XMLNode lastStyle = m_bordersNode->last_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    if (lastStyle.empty()) newNode = m_bordersNode->prepend_child("border");
+    else                   newNode = m_bordersNode->insert_child_after("border", lastStyle);
+    if (newNode.empty()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLBorders::"s + __func__ + ": failed to append a new border node"s);
+    }
+    if (styleEntriesPrefix.length() > 0)    // if a whitespace prefix is configured
+        m_bordersNode->insert_child_before(pugi::node_pcdata, newNode).set_value(styleEntriesPrefix.c_str());    // prefix the new node with styleEntriesPrefix
+
+    XLBorder newBorder(newNode);
+    if (copyFrom.m_borderNode->empty()) {    // if no template is given
+        // ===== Create a border with default values
+        // TODO: implement border defaults
+        // newBorder.setProperty(defaultValue);
+        // ...
+    }
+    else
+        copyXMLNode(newNode, *copyFrom.m_borderNode);    // will use copyFrom as template, does nothing if copyFrom is empty
+
+    m_borders.push_back(newBorder);
+    appendAndSetAttribute(*m_bordersNode, "count", std::to_string(m_borders.size())); // update array count in XML
+    return index;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLAlignment object
+ */
+XLAlignment::XLAlignment() : m_alignmentNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLAlignment object.
+ */
+XLAlignment::XLAlignment(const XMLNode& node) : m_alignmentNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLAlignment::XLAlignment(const XLAlignment& other)
+    : m_alignmentNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_alignmentNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLAlignment::XLAlignment(XLAlignment&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLAlignment::~XLAlignment() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator.
+ */
+XLAlignment& XLAlignment::operator=(const XLAlignment& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_alignmentNode = *other.m_alignmentNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator.
+ */
+XLAlignment& XLAlignment::operator=(XLAlignment&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the horizontal alignment style
+ */
+XLAlignmentStyle XLAlignment::horizontal() const { return XLAlignmentStyleFromString(m_alignmentNode->attribute("horizontal").value()); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the vertical alignment style
+ */
+XLAlignmentStyle XLAlignment::vertical() const { return XLAlignmentStyleFromString(m_alignmentNode->attribute("vertical").value()); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the text rotation
+ */
+uint16_t XLAlignment::textRotation() const { return m_alignmentNode->attribute("textRotation").as_uint(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details check if text wrapping is enabled
+ */
+bool XLAlignment::wrapText() const { return m_alignmentNode->attribute("wrapText").as_bool(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the indent setting
+ */
+uint32_t XLAlignment::indent() const { return m_alignmentNode->attribute("indent").as_uint(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the relative indent setting
+ */
+int32_t XLAlignment::relativeIndent() const { return m_alignmentNode->attribute("relativeIndent").as_int(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details check if justification of last line is enabled
+ */
+bool XLAlignment::justifyLastLine() const { return m_alignmentNode->attribute("justifyLastLine").as_bool(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details check if shrink to fit is enabled
+ */
+bool XLAlignment::shrinkToFit() const { return m_alignmentNode->attribute("shrinkToFit").as_bool(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the reading order setting
+ */
+uint32_t XLAlignment::readingOrder() const { return m_alignmentNode->attribute("readingOrder").as_uint(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions
+ */
+bool XLAlignment::setHorizontal     (XLAlignmentStyle newStyle) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_alignmentNode, "horizontal",      XLAlignmentStyleToString(newStyle).c_str()).empty() == false; }
+bool XLAlignment::setVertical       (XLAlignmentStyle newStyle) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_alignmentNode, "vertical",        XLAlignmentStyleToString(newStyle).c_str()).empty() == false; }
+bool XLAlignment::setTextRotation   (uint16_t newRotation)      { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_alignmentNode, "textRotation",    std::to_string(newRotation)               ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLAlignment::setWrapText       (bool set)                  { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_alignmentNode, "wrapText",        (set ? "true" : "false")                  ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLAlignment::setIndent         (uint32_t newIndent)        { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_alignmentNode, "indent",          std::to_string(newIndent)                 ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLAlignment::setRelativeIndent (int32_t newRelativeIndent) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_alignmentNode, "relativeIndent",  std::to_string(newRelativeIndent)         ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLAlignment::setJustifyLastLine(bool set)                  { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_alignmentNode, "justifyLastLine", (set ? "true" : "false")                  ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLAlignment::setShrinkToFit    (bool set)                  { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_alignmentNode, "shrinkToFit",     (set ? "true" : "false")                  ).empty() == false; }
+bool XLAlignment::setReadingOrder   (uint32_t newReadingOrder)  { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_alignmentNode, "readingOrder",    std::to_string(newReadingOrder)           ).empty() == false; }
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the fill
+ */
+std::string XLAlignment::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    return "alignment horizontal="s + XLAlignmentStyleToString(horizontal()) + ", vertical="s + XLAlignmentStyleToString(vertical())
+         + ", textRotation="s + std::to_string(textRotation())
+         + ", wrapText="s + (wrapText() ? "true" : "false")
+         + ", indent="s + std::to_string(indent())
+         + ", relativeIndent="s + std::to_string(relativeIndent())
+         + ", justifyLastLine="s + (justifyLastLine() ? "true" : "false")
+         + ", shrinkToFit="s + (shrinkToFit() ? "true" : "false")
+         + ", readingOrder="s + XLReadingOrderToString(readingOrder());
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLCellFormat object
+ */
+XLCellFormat::XLCellFormat() : m_cellFormatNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLCellFormat object.
+ */
+XLCellFormat::XLCellFormat(const XMLNode& node, bool permitXfId)
+ : m_cellFormatNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)),
+   m_permitXfId(permitXfId)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLCellFormat::XLCellFormat(const XLCellFormat& other)
+    : m_cellFormatNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_cellFormatNode)),
+      m_permitXfId(other.m_permitXfId)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLCellFormat::XLCellFormat(XLCellFormat&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLCellFormat::~XLCellFormat() = default;
+
+/*
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLCellFormat& XLCellFormat::operator=(const XLCellFormat& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        *m_cellFormatNode = *other.m_cellFormatNode;
+        m_permitXfId = other.m_permitXfId;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLCellFormat& XLCellFormat::operator=(XLCellFormat&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details determines the numberFormatId
+ * @note returns XLInvalidUInt32 if attribute is not defined / set / empty
+ */
+uint32_t XLCellFormat::numberFormatId() const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("numFmtId").as_uint(XLInvalidUInt32); }
+
+/**
+ * @details determines the fontIndex
+ * @note returns XLInvalidStyleIndex if attribute is not defined / set / empty
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLCellFormat::fontIndex() const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("fontId").as_uint(XLInvalidStyleIndex); }
+
+/**
+ * @details determines the fillIndex
+ * @note returns XLInvalidStyleIndex if attribute is not defined / set / empty
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLCellFormat::fillIndex() const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("fillId").as_uint(XLInvalidStyleIndex); }
+
+/**
+ * @details determines the borderIndex
+ * @note returns XLInvalidStyleIndex if attribute is not defined / set / empty
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLCellFormat::borderIndex() const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("borderId").as_uint(XLInvalidStyleIndex); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the xfId value
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLCellFormat::xfId() const
+{
+    if (m_permitXfId) return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("xfId").as_uint(XLInvalidStyleIndex);
+    throw XLException("XLCellFormat::xfId not permitted when m_permitXfId is false");
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details determine the applyNumberFormat,applyFont,applyFill,applyBorder,applyAlignment,applyProtection status
+ */
+bool XLCellFormat::applyNumberFormat() const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("applyNumberFormat").as_bool(); }
+bool XLCellFormat::applyFont()         const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("applyFont").as_bool();         }
+bool XLCellFormat::applyFill()         const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("applyFill").as_bool();         }
+bool XLCellFormat::applyBorder()       const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("applyBorder").as_bool();       }
+bool XLCellFormat::applyAlignment()    const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("applyAlignment").as_bool();    }
+bool XLCellFormat::applyProtection()   const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("applyProtection").as_bool();   }
+
+/**
+ * @details determine the quotePrefix, pivotButton status
+ */
+bool XLCellFormat::quotePrefix()       const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("quotePrefix").as_bool();       }
+bool XLCellFormat::pivotButton()       const { return m_cellFormatNode->attribute("pivotButton").as_bool();       }
+
+/**
+ * @details determine the protection:locked,protection:hidden status
+ */
+bool XLCellFormat::locked() const { return m_cellFormatNode->child("protection").attribute("locked").as_bool(); }
+bool XLCellFormat::hidden() const { return m_cellFormatNode->child("protection").attribute("hidden").as_bool(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch alignment object
+ */
+XLAlignment XLCellFormat::alignment(bool createIfMissing) const
+{
+    XMLNode nodeAlignment = m_cellFormatNode->child("alignment");
+    if (nodeAlignment.empty() && createIfMissing)
+        nodeAlignment = appendAndGetNode(*m_cellFormatNode, "alignment", m_nodeOrder); // 2024-12-19: ordered insert to address issue #305
+    return XLAlignment(nodeAlignment);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions
+ */
+bool XLCellFormat::setNumberFormatId   (uint32_t newNumFmtId)        { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellFormatNode, "numFmtId", std::to_string(newNumFmtId   )).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setFontIndex        (XLStyleIndex newXfIndex)     { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellFormatNode, "fontId",   std::to_string(newXfIndex    )).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setFillIndex        (XLStyleIndex newFillIndex)   { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellFormatNode, "fillId",   std::to_string(newFillIndex  )).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setBorderIndex      (XLStyleIndex newBorderIndex) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellFormatNode, "borderId", std::to_string(newBorderIndex)).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setXfId             (XLStyleIndex newXfId)
+{
+    if (m_permitXfId)                                                  return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellFormatNode, "xfId",     std::to_string(newXfId       )).empty() == false;
+    throw XLException("XLCellFormat::setXfId not permitted when m_permitXfId is false");
+}
+bool XLCellFormat::setApplyNumberFormat(bool set)            { return appendAndSetAttribute    (*m_cellFormatNode, "applyNumberFormat",           (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setApplyFont        (bool set)            { return appendAndSetAttribute    (*m_cellFormatNode, "applyFont",                   (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setApplyFill        (bool set)            { return appendAndSetAttribute    (*m_cellFormatNode, "applyFill",                   (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setApplyBorder      (bool set)            { return appendAndSetAttribute    (*m_cellFormatNode, "applyBorder",                 (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setApplyAlignment   (bool set)            { return appendAndSetAttribute    (*m_cellFormatNode, "applyAlignment",              (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setApplyProtection  (bool set)            { return appendAndSetAttribute    (*m_cellFormatNode, "applyProtection",             (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setQuotePrefix      (bool set)            { return appendAndSetAttribute    (*m_cellFormatNode, "quotePrefix",                 (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setPivotButton      (bool set)            { return appendAndSetAttribute    (*m_cellFormatNode, "pivotButton",                 (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellFormat::setLocked(bool set)
+{
+    return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_cellFormatNode, "protection", "locked", (set ? "true" : "false"),
+    /**/                             XLKeepAttributes, m_nodeOrder).empty() == false;  // 2024-12-19: ordered insert to address issue #305
+}
+bool XLCellFormat::setHidden(bool set)
+{
+    return appendAndSetNodeAttribute(*m_cellFormatNode, "protection", "hidden", (set ? "true" : "false"),
+    /**/                             XLKeepAttributes, m_nodeOrder).empty() == false;  // 2024-12-19: ordered insert to address issue #305
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Unsupported setter function
+ */
+bool XLCellFormat::setExtLst(XLUnsupportedElement const& newExtLst) { OpenXLSX::ignore(newExtLst); return false; }
+
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the cell format
+ */
+std::string XLCellFormat::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    return "numberFormatId="s + std::to_string(numberFormatId())
+         + ", fontIndex="s + std::to_string(fontIndex())
+         + ", fillIndex="s + std::to_string(fillIndex())
+         + ", borderIndex="s + std::to_string(borderIndex())
+         + ( m_permitXfId ? (", xfId: "s + std::to_string(xfId())) : ""s)
+         + ", applyNumberFormat: "s + (applyNumberFormat() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", applyFont: "s + (applyFont() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", applyFill: "s + (applyFill() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", applyBorder: "s + (applyBorder() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", applyAlignment: "s + (applyAlignment() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", applyProtection: "s + (applyProtection() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", quotePrefix: "s + (quotePrefix() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", pivotButton: "s + (pivotButton() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", locked: "s + (locked() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", hidden: "s + (hidden() ? "true"s : "false"s)
+         + ", " + alignment().summary();
+}
+
+
+// ===== XLCellFormats, one parent of XLCellFormat (the other being XLCellFormats)
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLCellFormats object
+ */
+XLCellFormats::XLCellFormats() : m_cellFormatsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLCellFormats object.
+ */
+XLCellFormats::XLCellFormats(const XMLNode& cellStyleFormats, bool permitXfId)
+    : m_cellFormatsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(cellStyleFormats)),
+      m_permitXfId(permitXfId)
+{
+    // initialize XLCellFormats entries and m_cellFormats here
+    XMLNode node = cellStyleFormats.first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    while (not node.empty()) {
+        std::string nodeName = node.name();
+        if (nodeName == "xf")
+            m_cellFormats.push_back(XLCellFormat(node, m_permitXfId));
+        else
+            std::cerr << "WARNING: XLCellFormats constructor: unknown subnode " << nodeName << std::endl;
+        node = node.next_sibling_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLCellFormats::XLCellFormats(const XLCellFormats& other)
+    : m_cellFormatsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_cellFormatsNode)),
+      m_cellFormats(other.m_cellFormats),
+      m_permitXfId(other.m_permitXfId)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLCellFormats::XLCellFormats(XLCellFormats&& other)
+    : m_cellFormatsNode(std::move(other.m_cellFormatsNode)),
+      m_cellFormats(std::move(other.m_cellFormats)),
+      m_permitXfId(other.m_permitXfId)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLCellFormats::~XLCellFormats()
+{
+    m_cellFormats.clear(); // delete vector with all children
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLCellFormats& XLCellFormats::operator=(const XLCellFormats& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        *m_cellFormatsNode = *other.m_cellFormatsNode;
+        m_cellFormats.clear();
+        m_cellFormats = other.m_cellFormats;
+        m_permitXfId = other.m_permitXfId;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLCellFormats& XLCellFormats::operator=(XLCellFormats&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the amount of cell format descriptions held by the class
+ */
+size_t XLCellFormats::count() const { return m_cellFormats.size(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch XLCellFormat from m_cellFormats by index
+ */
+XLCellFormat XLCellFormats::cellFormatByIndex(XLStyleIndex index) const
+{
+    if (index >= m_cellFormats.size()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLCellFormats::"s + __func__ + ": attempted to access index "s + std::to_string(index)
+                        + " with count "s + std::to_string(m_cellFormats.size()));
+    }
+    return m_cellFormats.at(index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details append a new XLCellFormat to m_cellFormats and m_cellFormatsNode, based on copyFrom
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLCellFormats::create(XLCellFormat copyFrom, std::string styleEntriesPrefix)
+{
+    XLStyleIndex index = count();    // index for the cell format to be created
+    XMLNode newNode{};               // scope declaration
+
+    // ===== Append new node prior to final whitespaces, if any
+    XMLNode lastStyle = m_cellFormatsNode->last_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    if (lastStyle.empty()) newNode = m_cellFormatsNode->prepend_child("xf");
+    else                   newNode = m_cellFormatsNode->insert_child_after("xf", lastStyle);
+    if (newNode.empty()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLCellFormats::"s + __func__ + ": failed to append a new xf node"s);
+    }
+    if (styleEntriesPrefix.length() > 0)    // if a whitespace prefix is configured
+        m_cellFormatsNode->insert_child_before(pugi::node_pcdata, newNode).set_value(styleEntriesPrefix.c_str());    // prefix the new node with styleEntriesPrefix
+
+    XLCellFormat newCellFormat(newNode, m_permitXfId);
+    if (copyFrom.m_cellFormatNode->empty()) {    // if no template is given
+        // ===== Create a cell format with default values
+        // default index 0 for other style elements should protect from exceptions
+        newCellFormat.setNumberFormatId   (0);
+        newCellFormat.setFontIndex        (0);
+        newCellFormat.setFillIndex        (0);
+        newCellFormat.setBorderIndex      (0);
+        newCellFormat.setXfId             (0);
+        newCellFormat.setApplyNumberFormat(false);
+        newCellFormat.setApplyFont        (false);
+        newCellFormat.setApplyFill        (false);
+        newCellFormat.setApplyBorder      (false);
+        newCellFormat.setApplyAlignment   (false);
+        newCellFormat.setApplyProtection  (false);
+        newCellFormat.setQuotePrefix      (false);
+        newCellFormat.setPivotButton      (false);
+        newCellFormat.setLocked           (false);
+        newCellFormat.setHidden           (false);
+        // Unsupported setter
+        newCellFormat.setExtLst          (XLUnsupportedElement {});
+    }
+    else
+        copyXMLNode(newNode, *copyFrom.m_cellFormatNode); // will use copyFrom as template, does nothing if copyFrom is empty
+
+    m_cellFormats.push_back(newCellFormat);
+    appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellFormatsNode, "count", std::to_string(m_cellFormats.size())); // update array count in XML
+    return index;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLCellStyle object
+ */
+XLCellStyle::XLCellStyle() : m_cellStyleNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLCellStyle object.
+ */
+XLCellStyle::XLCellStyle(const XMLNode& node) : m_cellStyleNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLCellStyle::XLCellStyle(const XLCellStyle& other)
+    : m_cellStyleNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_cellStyleNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLCellStyle::XLCellStyle(XLCellStyle&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLCellStyle::~XLCellStyle() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLCellStyle& XLCellStyle::operator=(const XLCellStyle& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_cellStyleNode = *other.m_cellStyleNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLCellStyle& XLCellStyle::operator=(XLCellStyle&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the style empty status
+ */
+bool XLCellStyle::empty() const { return m_cellStyleNode->empty(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Getter functions
+ */
+std::string  XLCellStyle::name         () const { return m_cellStyleNode->attribute("name"         ).value();                      }
+XLStyleIndex XLCellStyle::xfId         () const { return m_cellStyleNode->attribute("xfId"         ).as_uint(XLInvalidStyleIndex); }
+uint32_t     XLCellStyle::builtinId    () const { return m_cellStyleNode->attribute("builtinId"    ).as_uint(XLInvalidUInt32);     }
+uint32_t     XLCellStyle::outlineStyle () const { return m_cellStyleNode->attribute("iLevel"       ).as_uint(XLInvalidUInt32);     }
+bool         XLCellStyle::hidden       () const { return m_cellStyleNode->attribute("hidden"       ).as_bool();                    }
+bool         XLCellStyle::customBuiltin() const { return m_cellStyleNode->attribute("customBuiltin").as_bool();                    }
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions
+ */
+bool XLCellStyle::setName         (std::string newName)      { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellStyleNode, "name",          newName).empty() == false;                         }
+bool XLCellStyle::setXfId         (XLStyleIndex newXfId)     { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellStyleNode, "xfId",          std::to_string(newXfId)).empty() == false;         }
+bool XLCellStyle::setBuiltinId    (uint32_t newBuiltinId)    { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellStyleNode, "builtinId",     std::to_string(newBuiltinId)).empty() == false;    }
+bool XLCellStyle::setOutlineStyle (uint32_t newOutlineStyle) { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellStyleNode, "iLevel",        std::to_string(newOutlineStyle)).empty() == false; }
+bool XLCellStyle::setHidden       (bool set)                 { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellStyleNode, "hidden",        (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false;        }
+bool XLCellStyle::setCustomBuiltin(bool set)                 { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellStyleNode, "customBuiltin", (set ? "true" : "false")).empty() == false;        }
+
+/**
+ * @details Unsupported setter function
+ */
+bool XLCellStyle::setExtLst(XLUnsupportedElement const& newExtLst) { OpenXLSX::ignore(newExtLst); return false; }
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the cell style
+ */
+std::string XLCellStyle::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    uint32_t iLevel = outlineStyle();
+    return "name="s + name()
+         + ", xfId="s + std::to_string(xfId())
+         + ", builtinId="s + std::to_string(builtinId())
+         + (iLevel != XLInvalidUInt32 ? ", iLevel="s + std::to_string(outlineStyle()) : ""s)
+         + (hidden() ? ", hidden=true"s : ""s)
+         + (customBuiltin() ? ", customBuiltin=true"s : ""s);
+}
+
+// ===== XLCellStyles, parent of XLCellStyle
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLCellStyles object
+ */
+XLCellStyles::XLCellStyles() : m_cellStylesNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLCellStyles object.
+ */
+XLCellStyles::XLCellStyles(const XMLNode& cellStyles)
+    : m_cellStylesNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(cellStyles))
+{
+    // initialize XLCellStyles entries and m_cellStyles here
+    XMLNode node = cellStyles.first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    while (not node.empty()) {
+        std::string nodeName = node.name();
+        if (nodeName == "cellStyle")
+            m_cellStyles.push_back(XLCellStyle(node));
+        else
+            std::cerr << "WARNING: XLCellStyles constructor: unknown subnode " << nodeName << std::endl;
+        node = node.next_sibling_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLCellStyles::XLCellStyles(const XLCellStyles& other)
+    : m_cellStylesNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_cellStylesNode)),
+      m_cellStyles(other.m_cellStyles)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLCellStyles::XLCellStyles(XLCellStyles&& other)
+    : m_cellStylesNode(std::move(other.m_cellStylesNode)),
+      m_cellStyles(std::move(other.m_cellStyles))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLCellStyles::~XLCellStyles()
+{
+    m_cellStyles.clear(); // delete vector with all children
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLCellStyles& XLCellStyles::operator=(const XLCellStyles& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        *m_cellStylesNode = *other.m_cellStylesNode;
+        m_cellStyles.clear();
+        m_cellStyles = other.m_cellStyles;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLCellStyles& XLCellStyles::operator=(XLCellStyles&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the amount of numberFormats held by the class
+ */
+size_t XLCellStyles::count() const { return m_cellStyles.size(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch XLCellStyle from m_cellStyles by index
+ */
+XLCellStyle XLCellStyles::cellStyleByIndex(XLStyleIndex index) const
+{
+    if (index >= m_cellStyles.size()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLCellStyles::"s + __func__ + ": attempted to access index "s + std::to_string(index)
+                        + " with count "s + std::to_string(m_cellStyles.size()));
+    }
+    return m_cellStyles.at(index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details append a new XLCellStyle to m_cellStyles and m_cellStyleNode, based on copyFrom
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLCellStyles::create(XLCellStyle copyFrom, std::string styleEntriesPrefix)
+{
+    XLStyleIndex index = count();    // index for the cell style to be created
+    XMLNode newNode{};               // scope declaration
+
+    // ===== Append new node prior to final whitespaces, if any
+    XMLNode lastStyle = m_cellStylesNode->last_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    if (lastStyle.empty()) newNode = m_cellStylesNode->prepend_child("cellStyle");
+    else                   newNode = m_cellStylesNode->insert_child_after("cellStyle", lastStyle);
+    if (newNode.empty()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLCellStyles::"s + __func__ + ": failed to append a new cellStyle node"s);
+    }
+    if (styleEntriesPrefix.length() > 0)    // if a whitespace prefix is configured
+        m_cellStylesNode->insert_child_before(pugi::node_pcdata, newNode).set_value(styleEntriesPrefix.c_str());    // prefix the new node with styleEntriesPrefix
+
+    XLCellStyle newCellStyle(newNode);
+    if (copyFrom.m_cellStyleNode->empty()) {    // if no template is given
+        // ===== Create a cell style with default values
+        // TODO: implement cell style defaults
+        // newCellStyle.setProperty(defaultValue);
+        // ...
+    }
+    else
+        copyXMLNode(newNode, *copyFrom.m_cellStyleNode); // will use copyFrom as template, does nothing if copyFrom is empty
+
+    m_cellStyles.push_back(newCellStyle);
+    appendAndSetAttribute(*m_cellStylesNode, "count", std::to_string(m_cellStyles.size())); // update array count in XML
+    return index;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLDiffCellFormat object
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormat::XLDiffCellFormat() : m_diffCellFormatNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLDiffCellFormat object.
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormat::XLDiffCellFormat(const XMLNode& node) : m_diffCellFormatNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(node)) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormat::XLDiffCellFormat(const XLDiffCellFormat& other)
+    : m_diffCellFormatNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_diffCellFormatNode))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormat::XLDiffCellFormat(XLDiffCellFormat&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormat::~XLDiffCellFormat() = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormat& XLDiffCellFormat::operator=(const XLDiffCellFormat& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) *m_diffCellFormatNode = *other.m_diffCellFormatNode;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormat& XLDiffCellFormat::operator=(XLDiffCellFormat&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the differential cell format empty status
+ */
+bool XLDiffCellFormat::empty() const { return m_diffCellFormatNode->empty(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details Getter functions
+ */
+XLFont XLDiffCellFormat::font() const
+{
+    XMLNode fontNode = appendAndGetNode(*m_diffCellFormatNode, "font");
+    if (fontNode.empty()) return XLFont{};
+    return XLFont(fontNode);
+}
+XLNumberFormat XLDiffCellFormat::numFmt() const
+{
+    XMLNode numFmtNode = appendAndGetNode(*m_diffCellFormatNode, "numFmt");
+    if (numFmtNode.empty()) return XLNumberFormat{};
+    return XLNumberFormat(numFmtNode);
+}
+XLFill XLDiffCellFormat::fill() const
+{
+    XMLNode fillNode = appendAndGetNode(*m_diffCellFormatNode, "fill");
+    if (fillNode.empty()) return XLFill{};
+    return XLFill(fillNode);
+}
+XLAlignment XLDiffCellFormat::alignment() const
+{
+    XMLNode alignmentNode = appendAndGetNode(*m_diffCellFormatNode, "alignment");
+    if (alignmentNode.empty()) return XLAlignment{};
+    return XLAlignment(alignmentNode);
+}
+XLBorder XLDiffCellFormat::border() const
+{
+    XMLNode borderNode = appendAndGetNode(*m_diffCellFormatNode, "border");
+    if (borderNode.empty()) return XLBorder{};
+    return XLBorder(borderNode);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Setter functions
+ */
+// bool XLDiffCellFormat::setName         (std::string newName)      { return appendAndSetAttribute(*m_diffCellFormatNode, "name", newName).empty() == false; }
+
+/**
+ * @details Unsupported setter function
+ */
+bool XLDiffCellFormat::setExtLst(XLUnsupportedElement const& newExtLst) { OpenXLSX::ignore(newExtLst); return false; }
+
+/**
+ * @details assemble a string summary about the differential cell format
+ */
+std::string XLDiffCellFormat::summary() const
+{
+    using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+    return ""; // TODO: write this
+}
+
+// ===== XLDiffCellFormats, parent of XLDiffCellFormat
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes an empty XLCellStyles object
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormats::XLDiffCellFormats() : m_diffCellFormatsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>()) {}
+
+/**
+ * @details Constructor. Initializes the member variables for the new XLCellStyles object.
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormats::XLDiffCellFormats(const XMLNode& diffCellFormats)
+    : m_diffCellFormatsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(diffCellFormats))
+{
+    // initialize XLCellStyles entries and m_cellStyles here
+    XMLNode node = m_diffCellFormatsNode->first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    while (not node.empty()) {
+        std::string nodeName = node.name();
+        if (nodeName == "dxf")
+            m_diffCellFormats.push_back(XLDiffCellFormat(node));
+        else
+            std::cerr << "WARNING: XLDiffCellFormats constructor: unknown subnode " << nodeName << std::endl;
+        node = node.next_sibling_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy constructor
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormats::XLDiffCellFormats(const XLDiffCellFormats& other)
+    : m_diffCellFormatsNode(std::make_unique<XMLNode>(*other.m_diffCellFormatsNode)),
+      m_diffCellFormats(other.m_diffCellFormats)
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move constructor
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormats::XLDiffCellFormats(XLDiffCellFormats&& other)
+    : m_diffCellFormatsNode(std::move(other.m_diffCellFormatsNode)),
+      m_diffCellFormats(std::move(other.m_diffCellFormats))
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormats::~XLDiffCellFormats()
+{
+    m_diffCellFormats.clear(); // delete vector with all children
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Copy assignment operator
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormats& XLDiffCellFormats::operator=(const XLDiffCellFormats& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        *m_diffCellFormatsNode = *other.m_diffCellFormatsNode;
+        m_diffCellFormats.clear();
+        m_diffCellFormats = other.m_diffCellFormats;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details Move assignment operator
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormats& XLDiffCellFormats::operator=(XLDiffCellFormats&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+/**
+ * @details Returns the amount of differential cell formats held by the class
+ */
+size_t XLDiffCellFormats::count() const { return m_diffCellFormats.size(); }
+
+/**
+ * @details fetch XLDiffCellFormat from m_diffCellFormats by index
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormat XLDiffCellFormats::diffCellFormatByIndex(XLStyleIndex index) const
+{
+    if (index >= m_diffCellFormats.size()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLDiffCellFormats::"s + __func__ + ": attempted to access index "s + std::to_string(index)
+                        + " with count "s + std::to_string(m_diffCellFormats.size()));
+    }
+    return m_diffCellFormats.at(index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details append a new XLDiffCellFormat to m_diffCellFormats and m_diffCellFormatsNode, based on copyFrom
+ */
+XLStyleIndex XLDiffCellFormats::create(XLDiffCellFormat copyFrom, std::string styleEntriesPrefix)
+{
+    XLStyleIndex index = count();    // index for the cell style to be created
+    XMLNode newNode{};               // scope declaration
+
+    // ===== Append new node prior to final whitespaces, if any
+    XMLNode lastDiffCellFormat = m_diffCellFormatsNode->last_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    if (lastDiffCellFormat.empty()) newNode = m_diffCellFormatsNode->prepend_child("dxf");
+    else                            newNode = m_diffCellFormatsNode->insert_child_after("dxf", lastDiffCellFormat);
+    if (newNode.empty()) {
+        using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+        throw XLException("XLDiffCellFormats::"s + __func__ + ": failed to append a new dxf node"s);
+    }
+    if (styleEntriesPrefix.length() > 0)    // if a whitespace prefix is configured
+        m_diffCellFormatsNode->insert_child_before(pugi::node_pcdata, newNode).set_value(styleEntriesPrefix.c_str());    // prefix the new node with styleEntriesPrefix
+
+    XLDiffCellFormat newDiffCellFormat(newNode);
+    if (copyFrom.m_diffCellFormatNode->empty()) {    // if no template is given
+        // no-op: differential cell format entries have NO default values
+    }
+    else
+        copyXMLNode(newNode, *copyFrom.m_diffCellFormatNode); // will use copyFrom as template, does nothing if copyFrom is empty
+
+    m_diffCellFormats.push_back(newDiffCellFormat);
+    appendAndSetAttribute(*m_diffCellFormatsNode, "count", std::to_string(m_diffCellFormats.size())); // update array count in XML
+    return index;
+}
+
+
+// ===== XLStyles, master class
+
+/**
+ * @details Default constructor
+ */
+XLStyles::XLStyles() {} // TBD if defaulting this constructor again would reintroduce issue #310
+
+/**
+ * @details Creates an XLStyles object, which will initialize from the given xmlData
+ */
+XLStyles::XLStyles(XLXmlData* xmlData, bool suppressWarnings, std::string stylesPrefix)
+    : XLXmlFile(xmlData),
+      m_suppressWarnings( suppressWarnings )
+{
+    XMLDocument & doc = xmlDocument();
+    if (doc.document_element().empty())    // handle a bad (no document element) xl/styles.xml
+        doc.load_string(
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"
+                "<styleSheet xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main\">\n"
+                "</styleSheet>",
+                pugi_parse_settings
+        );
+
+    XMLNode node = doc.document_element().first_child_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    while (not node.empty()) {
+        XLStylesEntryType e = XLStylesEntryTypeFromString (node.name());
+        // std::cout << "node.name() is " << node.name() << ", resulting XLStylesEntryType is " << std::to_string(e) << std::endl;
+        switch (e) {
+            case XLStylesNumberFormats:
+                // std::cout << "found XLStylesNumberFormats, node name is " << node.name() << std::endl;
+                m_numberFormats = std::make_unique<XLNumberFormats>(node);
+                break;
+            case XLStylesFonts:
+                // std::cout << "found XLStylesFonts, node name is " << node.name() << std::endl;
+                m_fonts = std::make_unique<XLFonts>(node);
+                break;
+            case XLStylesFills:
+                // std::cout << "found XLStylesFills, node name is " << node.name() << std::endl;
+                m_fills = std::make_unique<XLFills>(node);
+                break;
+            case XLStylesBorders:
+                // std::cout << "found XLStylesBorders, node name is " << node.name() << std::endl;
+                m_borders = std::make_unique<XLBorders>(node);
+                break;
+            case XLStylesCellStyleFormats:
+                // std::cout << "found XLStylesCellStyleFormats, node name is " << node.name() << std::endl;
+                m_cellStyleFormats = std::make_unique<XLCellFormats>(node);
+                break;
+            case XLStylesCellFormats:
+                // std::cout << "found XLStylesCellFormats, node name is " << node.name() << std::endl;
+                m_cellFormats = std::make_unique<XLCellFormats>(node, XLPermitXfID);
+                break;
+            case XLStylesCellStyles:
+                // std::cout << "found XLStylesCellStyles, node name is " << node.name() << std::endl;
+                m_cellStyles = std::make_unique<XLCellStyles>(node);
+                break;
+            case XLStylesDiffCellFormats:
+                // std::cout << "found XLStylesDiffCellFormats, node name is " << node.name() << std::endl;
+                m_diffCellFormats = std::make_unique<XLDiffCellFormats>(node);
+                break;
+            case XLStylesColors:      [[fallthrough]];
+            case XLStylesTableStyles: [[fallthrough]];
+            case XLStylesExtLst:
+                if( !m_suppressWarnings )
+                    std::cout << "XLStyles: Ignoring currently unsupported <" << XLStylesEntryTypeToString(e) + "> node" << std::endl;
+                break;
+            case XLStylesInvalid: [[fallthrough]];
+            default:
+                if( !m_suppressWarnings )
+                    std::cerr << "WARNING: XLStyles constructor: invalid styles subnode \"" << node.name() << "\"" << std::endl;
+                break;
+        }
+        node = node.next_sibling_of_type(pugi::node_element);
+    }
+
+    // ===== Fallbacks: create root style nodes (sorted insertions using m_nodeOrder)
+    XMLNode docNode = doc.document_element();   // need an rvalue to pass as reference to appendAndGetNode
+    if (!m_diffCellFormats) {
+        node = appendAndGetNode(docNode, XLStylesEntryTypeToString(XLStylesDiffCellFormats).c_str(), m_nodeOrder );
+        wrapNode (doc.document_element(), node, stylesPrefix);
+        m_diffCellFormats = std::make_unique<XLDiffCellFormats>(node);
+    }
+    if (!m_cellStyles) {
+        node = appendAndGetNode(docNode, XLStylesEntryTypeToString(XLStylesCellStyles).c_str(), m_nodeOrder );
+        wrapNode (doc.document_element(), node, stylesPrefix);
+        m_cellStyles = std::make_unique<XLCellStyles>(node);
+    }
+    if (!m_cellFormats) {
+        node = appendAndGetNode(docNode, XLStylesEntryTypeToString(XLStylesCellFormats).c_str(), m_nodeOrder );
+        wrapNode (doc.document_element(), node, stylesPrefix);
+        m_cellFormats = std::make_unique<XLCellFormats>(node, XLPermitXfID);
+    }
+    if (m_cellFormats->count() == 0) {    // if the cell formats array is empty
+        // ===== Create a default empty cell format with ID 0 (== XLDefaultCellFormat) because when XLDefaultCellFormat
+        //        is assigned to an XLRow, the intention is interpreted as "set the cell back to default formatting",
+        //        which does not trigger setting the attribute customFormat="true".
+        //       To avoid confusing the user when the first style created does not work for rows, and setting a cell's
+        //        format back to XLDefaultCellFormat would cause an actual formatting (if assigned format ID 0), this
+        //        initial entry with no properties is created and henceforth ignored
+        m_cellFormats->create();
+    }
+
+    if (!m_cellStyleFormats) {
+        node = appendAndGetNode(docNode, XLStylesEntryTypeToString(XLStylesCellStyleFormats).c_str(), m_nodeOrder );
+        wrapNode (doc.document_element(), node, stylesPrefix);
+        m_cellStyleFormats = std::make_unique<XLCellFormats>(node);
+    }
+    if (!m_borders) {
+        node = appendAndGetNode(docNode, XLStylesEntryTypeToString(XLStylesBorders).c_str(), m_nodeOrder );
+        wrapNode (doc.document_element(), node, stylesPrefix);
+        m_borders = std::make_unique<XLBorders>(node);
+    }
+    if (!m_fills) {
+        node = appendAndGetNode(docNode, XLStylesEntryTypeToString(XLStylesFills).c_str(), m_nodeOrder );
+        wrapNode (doc.document_element(), node, stylesPrefix);
+        m_fills = std::make_unique<XLFills>(node);
+    }
+    if (!m_fonts) {
+        node = appendAndGetNode(docNode, XLStylesEntryTypeToString(XLStylesFonts).c_str(), m_nodeOrder );
+        wrapNode (doc.document_element(), node, stylesPrefix);
+        m_fonts = std::make_unique<XLFonts>(node);
+    }
+    if (!m_numberFormats) {
+        node = appendAndGetNode(docNode, XLStylesEntryTypeToString(XLStylesNumberFormats).c_str(), m_nodeOrder );
+        wrapNode (doc.document_element(), node, stylesPrefix);
+        m_numberFormats = std::make_unique<XLNumberFormats>(node);
+    }
+}
+
+XLStyles::~XLStyles()
+{
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details move-construct an XLStyles object
+ */
+XLStyles::XLStyles(XLStyles&& other) noexcept
+    : XLXmlFile(other),
+      m_suppressWarnings(other.m_suppressWarnings),
+      m_numberFormats   (std::move(other.m_numberFormats)   ),
+      m_fonts           (std::move(other.m_fonts)           ),
+      m_fills           (std::move(other.m_fills)           ),
+      m_borders         (std::move(other.m_borders)         ),
+      m_cellStyleFormats(std::move(other.m_cellStyleFormats)),
+      m_cellFormats     (std::move(other.m_cellFormats)     ),
+      m_cellStyles      (std::move(other.m_cellStyles)      ),
+      m_diffCellFormats (std::move(other.m_diffCellFormats) )
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details copy-construct an XLStyles object
+ */
+XLStyles::XLStyles(const XLStyles& other)
+    : XLXmlFile(other),
+      m_suppressWarnings(other.m_suppressWarnings),
+      m_numberFormats   (std::make_unique<XLNumberFormats  >(*other.m_numberFormats)   ),
+      m_fonts           (std::make_unique<XLFonts          >(*other.m_fonts)           ),
+      m_fills           (std::make_unique<XLFills          >(*other.m_fills)           ),
+      m_borders         (std::make_unique<XLBorders        >(*other.m_borders)         ),
+      m_cellStyleFormats(std::make_unique<XLCellFormats    >(*other.m_cellStyleFormats)),
+      m_cellFormats     (std::make_unique<XLCellFormats    >(*other.m_cellFormats)     ),
+      m_cellStyles      (std::make_unique<XLCellStyles     >(*other.m_cellStyles)      ),
+      m_diffCellFormats (std::make_unique<XLDiffCellFormats>(*other.m_diffCellFormats) )
+{}
+
+/**
+ * @details move-assign an XLStyles object
+ */
+XLStyles& XLStyles::operator=(XLStyles&& other) noexcept
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        XLXmlFile::operator=(std::move(other));
+        m_suppressWarnings = other.m_suppressWarnings;
+        m_numberFormats    = std::move(other.m_numberFormats   );
+        m_fonts            = std::move(other.m_fonts           );
+        m_fills            = std::move(other.m_fills           );
+        m_borders          = std::move(other.m_borders         );
+        m_cellStyleFormats = std::move(other.m_cellStyleFormats);
+        m_cellFormats      = std::move(other.m_cellFormats     );
+        m_cellStyles       = std::move(other.m_cellStyles      );
+        m_diffCellFormats  = std::move(other.m_diffCellFormats );
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details copy-assign an XLStyles object
+ */
+XLStyles& XLStyles::operator=(const XLStyles& other)
+{
+    if (&other != this) {
+        XLStyles temp = other;   // copy-construct
+        *this = std::move(temp); // move-assign & invalidate temp
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @details return a handle to the underlying number formats
+ */
+XLNumberFormats& XLStyles::numberFormats() const { return *m_numberFormats; }
+
+/**
+ * @details return a handle to the underlying fonts
+ */
+XLFonts& XLStyles::fonts() const { return *m_fonts; }
+
+/**
+ * @details return a handle to the underlying fills
+ */
+XLFills& XLStyles::fills() const { return *m_fills; }
+
+/**
+ * @details return a handle to the underlying borders
+ */
+XLBorders& XLStyles::borders() const { return *m_borders; }
+
+/**
+ * @details return a handle to the underlying cell style formats
+ */
+XLCellFormats& XLStyles::cellStyleFormats() const { return *m_cellStyleFormats; }
+
+/**
+ * @details return a handle to the underlying cell formats
+ */
+XLCellFormats& XLStyles::cellFormats() const { return *m_cellFormats; }
+
+/**
+ * @details return a handle to the underlying cell styles
+ */
+XLCellStyles& XLStyles::cellStyles() const { return *m_cellStyles; }
+
+/**
+ * @details return a handle to the underlying differential cell formats
+ */
+XLDiffCellFormats& XLStyles::diffCellFormats() const { return *m_diffCellFormats; }