react-native-executorch 0.4.7 → 0.5.0

package/third-party/include/opencv2/core/operations.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+/*M///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//  IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE DOWNLOADING, COPYING, INSTALLING OR USING.
+//
+//  By downloading, copying, installing or using the software you agree to this
+license.
+//  If you do not agree to this license, do not download, install,
+//  copy or use the software.
+//
+//
+//                           License Agreement
+//                For Open Source Computer Vision Library
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2000-2008, Intel Corporation, all rights reserved.
+// Copyright (C) 2009, Willow Garage Inc., all rights reserved.
+// Copyright (C) 2013, OpenCV Foundation, all rights reserved.
+// Copyright (C) 2015, Itseez Inc., all rights reserved.
+// Third party copyrights are property of their respective owners.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification,
+// are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+//   * Redistribution's of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+//   * Redistribution's in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+notice,
+//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+//     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+//   * The name of the copyright holders may not be used to endorse or promote
+products
+//     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as is"
+and
+// any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied
+// warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are
+disclaimed.
+// In no event shall the Intel Corporation or contributors be liable for any
+direct,
+// indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages
+// (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services;
+// loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused
+// and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability,
+// or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of
+// the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
+//
+//M*/
+
+#ifndef OPENCV_CORE_OPERATIONS_HPP
+#define OPENCV_CORE_OPERATIONS_HPP
+
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+#error operations.hpp header must be compiled as C++
+#endif
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__) // at least GCC 3.1+, clang 3.5+
+#if defined(                                                                   \
+    __MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT) // https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/wiki2/gnu%20printf/.
+#define CV_FORMAT_PRINTF(string_idx, first_to_check)                           \
+  __attribute__((format(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT, string_idx, first_to_check)))
+#else
+#define CV_FORMAT_PRINTF(string_idx, first_to_check)                           \
+  __attribute__((format(printf, string_idx, first_to_check)))
+#endif
+#else
+#define CV_FORMAT_PRINTF(A, B)
+#endif
+
+namespace cv {
+//! @cond IGNORED
+
+////////////////////////////// Matx methods depending on core API
+////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n> struct Matx_FastInvOp {
+  bool operator()(const Matx<_Tp, m, n> &a, Matx<_Tp, n, m> &b,
+                  int method) const {
+    return invert(a, b, method) != 0;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m> struct Matx_FastInvOp<_Tp, m, m> {
+  bool operator()(const Matx<_Tp, m, m> &a, Matx<_Tp, m, m> &b,
+                  int method) const {
+    if (method == DECOMP_LU || method == DECOMP_CHOLESKY) {
+      Matx<_Tp, m, m> temp = a;
+
+      // assume that b is all 0's on input => make it a unity matrix
+      for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
+        b(i, i) = (_Tp)1;
+
+      if (method == DECOMP_CHOLESKY)
+        return Cholesky(temp.val, m * sizeof(_Tp), m, b.val, m * sizeof(_Tp),
+                        m);
+
+      return LU(temp.val, m * sizeof(_Tp), m, b.val, m * sizeof(_Tp), m) != 0;
+    } else {
+      return invert(a, b, method) != 0;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename _Tp> struct Matx_FastInvOp<_Tp, 2, 2> {
+  bool operator()(const Matx<_Tp, 2, 2> &a, Matx<_Tp, 2, 2> &b,
+                  int /*method*/) const {
+    _Tp d = (_Tp)determinant(a);
+    if (d == 0)
+      return false;
+    d = 1 / d;
+    b(1, 1) = a(0, 0) * d;
+    b(0, 0) = a(1, 1) * d;
+    b(0, 1) = -a(0, 1) * d;
+    b(1, 0) = -a(1, 0) * d;
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename _Tp> struct Matx_FastInvOp<_Tp, 3, 3> {
+  bool operator()(const Matx<_Tp, 3, 3> &a, Matx<_Tp, 3, 3> &b,
+                  int /*method*/) const {
+    _Tp d = (_Tp)determinant(a);
+    if (d == 0)
+      return false;
+    d = 1 / d;
+    b(0, 0) = (a(1, 1) * a(2, 2) - a(1, 2) * a(2, 1)) * d;
+    b(0, 1) = (a(0, 2) * a(2, 1) - a(0, 1) * a(2, 2)) * d;
+    b(0, 2) = (a(0, 1) * a(1, 2) - a(0, 2) * a(1, 1)) * d;
+
+    b(1, 0) = (a(1, 2) * a(2, 0) - a(1, 0) * a(2, 2)) * d;
+    b(1, 1) = (a(0, 0) * a(2, 2) - a(0, 2) * a(2, 0)) * d;
+    b(1, 2) = (a(0, 2) * a(1, 0) - a(0, 0) * a(1, 2)) * d;
+
+    b(2, 0) = (a(1, 0) * a(2, 1) - a(1, 1) * a(2, 0)) * d;
+    b(2, 1) = (a(0, 1) * a(2, 0) - a(0, 0) * a(2, 1)) * d;
+    b(2, 2) = (a(0, 0) * a(1, 1) - a(0, 1) * a(1, 0)) * d;
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int l, int n> struct Matx_FastSolveOp {
+  bool operator()(const Matx<_Tp, m, l> &a, const Matx<_Tp, m, n> &b,
+                  Matx<_Tp, l, n> &x, int method) const {
+    return cv::solve(a, b, x, method);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n> struct Matx_FastSolveOp<_Tp, m, m, n> {
+  bool operator()(const Matx<_Tp, m, m> &a, const Matx<_Tp, m, n> &b,
+                  Matx<_Tp, m, n> &x, int method) const {
+    if (method == DECOMP_LU || method == DECOMP_CHOLESKY) {
+      Matx<_Tp, m, m> temp = a;
+      x = b;
+      if (method == DECOMP_CHOLESKY)
+        return Cholesky(temp.val, m * sizeof(_Tp), m, x.val, n * sizeof(_Tp),
+                        n);
+
+      return LU(temp.val, m * sizeof(_Tp), m, x.val, n * sizeof(_Tp), n) != 0;
+    } else {
+      return cv::solve(a, b, x, method);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename _Tp> struct Matx_FastSolveOp<_Tp, 2, 2, 1> {
+  bool operator()(const Matx<_Tp, 2, 2> &a, const Matx<_Tp, 2, 1> &b,
+                  Matx<_Tp, 2, 1> &x, int) const {
+    _Tp d = (_Tp)determinant(a);
+    if (d == 0)
+      return false;
+    d = 1 / d;
+    x(0) = (b(0) * a(1, 1) - b(1) * a(0, 1)) * d;
+    x(1) = (b(1) * a(0, 0) - b(0) * a(1, 0)) * d;
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename _Tp> struct Matx_FastSolveOp<_Tp, 3, 3, 1> {
+  bool operator()(const Matx<_Tp, 3, 3> &a, const Matx<_Tp, 3, 1> &b,
+                  Matx<_Tp, 3, 1> &x, int) const {
+    _Tp d = (_Tp)determinant(a);
+    if (d == 0)
+      return false;
+    d = 1 / d;
+    x(0) = d * (b(0) * (a(1, 1) * a(2, 2) - a(1, 2) * a(2, 1)) -
+                a(0, 1) * (b(1) * a(2, 2) - a(1, 2) * b(2)) +
+                a(0, 2) * (b(1) * a(2, 1) - a(1, 1) * b(2)));
+
+    x(1) = d * (a(0, 0) * (b(1) * a(2, 2) - a(1, 2) * b(2)) -
+                b(0) * (a(1, 0) * a(2, 2) - a(1, 2) * a(2, 0)) +
+                a(0, 2) * (a(1, 0) * b(2) - b(1) * a(2, 0)));
+
+    x(2) = d * (a(0, 0) * (a(1, 1) * b(2) - b(1) * a(2, 1)) -
+                a(0, 1) * (a(1, 0) * b(2) - b(1) * a(2, 0)) +
+                b(0) * (a(1, 0) * a(2, 1) - a(1, 1) * a(2, 0)));
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n>
+inline Matx<_Tp, m, n> Matx<_Tp, m, n>::randu(_Tp a, _Tp b) {
+  Matx<_Tp, m, n> M;
+  cv::randu(M, Scalar(a), Scalar(b));
+  return M;
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n>
+inline Matx<_Tp, m, n> Matx<_Tp, m, n>::randn(_Tp a, _Tp b) {
+  Matx<_Tp, m, n> M;
+  cv::randn(M, Scalar(a), Scalar(b));
+  return M;
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp, int cn>
+inline Vec<_Tp, cn> Vec<_Tp, cn>::randu(_Tp a, _Tp b) {
+  Vec<_Tp, cn> V;
+  cv::randu(V, Scalar(a), Scalar(b));
+  return V;
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp, int cn>
+inline Vec<_Tp, cn> Vec<_Tp, cn>::randn(_Tp a, _Tp b) {
+  Vec<_Tp, cn> V;
+  cv::randn(V, Scalar(a), Scalar(b));
+  return V;
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n>
+inline Matx<_Tp, n, m> Matx<_Tp, m, n>::inv(int method,
+                                            bool *p_is_ok /*= NULL*/) const {
+  Matx<_Tp, n, m> b;
+  bool ok = cv::internal::Matx_FastInvOp<_Tp, m, n>()(*this, b, method);
+  if (p_is_ok)
+    *p_is_ok = ok;
+  return ok ? b : Matx<_Tp, n, m>::zeros();
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n>
+template <int l>
+inline Matx<_Tp, n, l> Matx<_Tp, m, n>::solve(const Matx<_Tp, m, l> &rhs,
+                                              int method) const {
+  Matx<_Tp, n, l> x;
+  bool ok =
+      cv::internal::Matx_FastSolveOp<_Tp, m, n, l>()(*this, rhs, x, method);
+  return ok ? x : Matx<_Tp, n, l>::zeros();
+}
+
+////////////////////////// Augmenting algebraic & logical operations
+/////////////////////////////
+
+#define CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR1(op, cvop, A, B)                                   \
+  static inline A &operator op(A & a, const B & b) {                           \
+    cvop;                                                                      \
+    return a;                                                                  \
+  }
+
+#define CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(op, cvop, A, B)                                    \
+  CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR1(op, cvop, A, B)                                         \
+  CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR1(op, cvop, const A, B)
+
+#define CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(op, cvop, A, B)                                  \
+  template <typename _Tp>                                                      \
+  CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR1(op, cvop, A, B)                                         \
+  template <typename _Tp>                                                      \
+  CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR1(op, cvop, const A, B)
+
+#define CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(op, cvop, A)                                    \
+  template <typename _Tp, int m, int n>                                        \
+  static inline A &operator op(A & a, const Matx<_Tp, m, n> &b) {              \
+    cvop;                                                                      \
+    return a;                                                                  \
+  }                                                                            \
+  template <typename _Tp, int m, int n>                                        \
+  static inline const A &operator op(const A & a, const Matx<_Tp, m, n> &b) {  \
+    cvop;                                                                      \
+    return a;                                                                  \
+  }
+
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(+=, cv::add(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(+=, cv::add(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(+=, cv::add(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(+=, cv::add(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>, Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(+=, cv::add(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>, Mat_<_Tp>)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(+=, cv::add(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(+=, cv::add(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>)
+
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(-=, cv::subtract(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(-=, cv::subtract(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(-=, cv::subtract(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(-=, cv::subtract(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>, Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(-=, cv::subtract(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>,
+                      Mat_<_Tp>)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(-=, cv::subtract(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(-=, cv::subtract(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>)
+
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(*=, cv::gemm(a, b, 1, Mat(), 0, a, 0), Mat, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(*=, cv::gemm(a, b, 1, Mat(), 0, a, 0), Mat_<_Tp>, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(*=, cv::gemm(a, b, 1, Mat(), 0, a, 0), Mat_<_Tp>,
+                      Mat_<_Tp>)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(*=, a.convertTo(a, -1, b), Mat, double)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(*=, a.convertTo(a, -1, b), Mat_<_Tp>, double)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(*=, cv::gemm(a, Mat(b), 1, Mat(), 0, a, 0), Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(*=, cv::gemm(a, Mat(b), 1, Mat(), 0, a, 0), Mat_<_Tp>)
+
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(/=, cv::divide(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(/=, cv::divide(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(/=, cv::divide(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>,
+                      Mat_<_Tp>)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(/=, a.convertTo((Mat &)a, -1, 1. / b), Mat, double)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(/=, a.convertTo((Mat &)a, -1, 1. / b), Mat_<_Tp>, double)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(/=, cv::divide(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(/=, cv::divide(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>)
+
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(&=, cv::bitwise_and(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(&=, cv::bitwise_and(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(&=, cv::bitwise_and(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(&=, cv::bitwise_and(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>,
+                      Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(&=, cv::bitwise_and(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>,
+                      Mat_<_Tp>)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(&=, cv::bitwise_and(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(&=, cv::bitwise_and(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a),
+                       Mat_<_Tp>)
+
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(|=, cv::bitwise_or(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(|=, cv::bitwise_or(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(|=, cv::bitwise_or(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(|=, cv::bitwise_or(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>,
+                      Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(|=, cv::bitwise_or(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>,
+                      Mat_<_Tp>)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(|=, cv::bitwise_or(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(|=, cv::bitwise_or(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>)
+
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(^=, cv::bitwise_xor(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR(^=, cv::bitwise_xor(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat, Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(^=, cv::bitwise_xor(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>, Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(^=, cv::bitwise_xor(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>,
+                      Scalar)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T(^=, cv::bitwise_xor(a, b, (const Mat &)a), Mat_<_Tp>,
+                      Mat_<_Tp>)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(^=, cv::bitwise_xor(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a), Mat)
+CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN(^=, cv::bitwise_xor(a, Mat(b), (const Mat &)a),
+                       Mat_<_Tp>)
+
+#undef CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_TN
+#undef CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR_T
+#undef CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR
+#undef CV_MAT_AUG_OPERATOR1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////// SVD
+////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline SVD::SVD() {}
+inline SVD::SVD(InputArray m, int flags) { operator()(m, flags); }
+inline void SVD::solveZ(InputArray m, OutputArray _dst) {
+  Mat mtx = m.getMat();
+  SVD svd(mtx, (mtx.rows >= mtx.cols ? 0 : SVD::FULL_UV));
+  _dst.create(svd.vt.cols, 1, svd.vt.type());
+  Mat dst = _dst.getMat();
+  svd.vt.row(svd.vt.rows - 1).reshape(1, svd.vt.cols).copyTo(dst);
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n, int nm>
+inline void SVD::compute(const Matx<_Tp, m, n> &a, Matx<_Tp, nm, 1> &w,
+                         Matx<_Tp, m, nm> &u, Matx<_Tp, n, nm> &vt) {
+  CV_StaticAssert(nm == MIN(m, n), "Invalid size of output vector.");
+  Mat _a(a, false), _u(u, false), _w(w, false), _vt(vt, false);
+  SVD::compute(_a, _w, _u, _vt);
+  CV_Assert(_w.data == (uchar *)&w.val[0] && _u.data == (uchar *)&u.val[0] &&
+            _vt.data == (uchar *)&vt.val[0]);
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n, int nm>
+inline void SVD::compute(const Matx<_Tp, m, n> &a, Matx<_Tp, nm, 1> &w) {
+  CV_StaticAssert(nm == MIN(m, n), "Invalid size of output vector.");
+  Mat _a(a, false), _w(w, false);
+  SVD::compute(_a, _w);
+  CV_Assert(_w.data == (uchar *)&w.val[0]);
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n, int nm, int nb>
+inline void SVD::backSubst(const Matx<_Tp, nm, 1> &w, const Matx<_Tp, m, nm> &u,
+                           const Matx<_Tp, n, nm> &vt,
+                           const Matx<_Tp, m, nb> &rhs, Matx<_Tp, n, nb> &dst) {
+  CV_StaticAssert(nm == MIN(m, n), "Invalid size of output vector.");
+  Mat _u(u, false), _w(w, false), _vt(vt, false), _rhs(rhs, false),
+      _dst(dst, false);
+  SVD::backSubst(_w, _u, _vt, _rhs, _dst);
+  CV_Assert(_dst.data == (uchar *)&dst.val[0]);
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Multiply-with-Carry RNG
+//////////////////////////////////////
+
+inline RNG::RNG() { state = 0xffffffff; }
+inline RNG::RNG(uint64 _state) { state = _state ? _state : 0xffffffff; }
+
+inline RNG::operator uchar() { return (uchar)next(); }
+inline RNG::operator schar() { return (schar)next(); }
+inline RNG::operator ushort() { return (ushort)next(); }
+inline RNG::operator short() { return (short)next(); }
+inline RNG::operator int() { return (int)next(); }
+inline RNG::operator unsigned() { return next(); }
+inline RNG::operator float() { return next() * 2.3283064365386962890625e-10f; }
+inline RNG::operator double() {
+  unsigned t = next();
+  return (((uint64)t << 32) | next()) * 5.4210108624275221700372640043497e-20;
+}
+
+inline unsigned RNG::operator()(unsigned N) { return (unsigned)uniform(0, N); }
+inline unsigned RNG::operator()() { return next(); }
+
+inline int RNG::uniform(int a, int b) {
+  return a == b ? a : (int)(next() % (b - a) + a);
+}
+inline float RNG::uniform(float a, float b) {
+  return ((float)*this) * (b - a) + a;
+}
+inline double RNG::uniform(double a, double b) {
+  return ((double)*this) * (b - a) + a;
+}
+
+inline bool RNG::operator==(const RNG &other) const {
+  return state == other.state;
+}
+
+inline unsigned RNG::next() {
+  state = (uint64)(unsigned)state * /*CV_RNG_COEFF*/ 4164903690U +
+          (unsigned)(state >> 32);
+  return (unsigned)state;
+}
+
+//! returns the next uniformly-distributed random number of the specified type
+template <typename _Tp> static inline _Tp randu() { return (_Tp)theRNG(); }
+
+///////////////////////////////// Formatted output of cv::Mat
+////////////////////////////////////
+
+static inline Ptr<Formatted> format(InputArray mtx, Formatter::FormatType fmt) {
+  return Formatter::get(fmt)->format(mtx.getMat());
+}
+
+static inline int print(Ptr<Formatted> fmtd, FILE *stream = stdout) {
+  int written = 0;
+  fmtd->reset();
+  for (const char *str = fmtd->next(); str; str = fmtd->next())
+    written += fputs(str, stream);
+
+  return written;
+}
+
+static inline int print(const Mat &mtx, FILE *stream = stdout) {
+  return print(Formatter::get()->format(mtx), stream);
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp>
+static inline int print(const std::vector<Point_<_Tp>> &vec,
+                        FILE *stream = stdout) {
+  return print(Formatter::get()->format(Mat(vec)), stream);
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp>
+static inline int print(const std::vector<Point3_<_Tp>> &vec,
+                        FILE *stream = stdout) {
+  return print(Formatter::get()->format(Mat(vec)), stream);
+}
+
+template <typename _Tp, int m, int n>
+static inline int print(const Matx<_Tp, m, n> &matx, FILE *stream = stdout) {
+  return print(Formatter::get()->format(cv::Mat(matx)), stream);
+}
+
+//! @endcond
+
+///////////////////////////////// Formatted string generation
+////////////////////////////////////
+
+/** @brief Returns a text string formatted using the printf-like expression.
+
+The function acts like sprintf but forms and returns an STL string. It can be
+used to form an error message in the Exception constructor.
+@param fmt printf-compatible formatting specifiers.
+
+**Note**:
+|Type|Specifier|
+|-|-|
+|`const char*`|`%s`|
+|`char`|`%c`|
+|`float` / `double`|`%f`,`%g`|
+|`int`, `long`, `long long`|`%d`, `%ld`, ``%lld`|
+|`unsigned`, `unsigned long`, `unsigned long long`|`%u`, `%lu`, `%llu`|
+|`uint64` -> `uintmax_t`, `int64` -> `intmax_t`|`%ju`, `%jd`|
+|`size_t`|`%zu`|
+@ingroup core_utils
+ */
+CV_EXPORTS String format(const char *fmt, ...) CV_FORMAT_PRINTF(1, 2);
+
+/****************************************************************************************\
+*                                  Auxiliary algorithms *
+\****************************************************************************************/
+
+/** @brief Splits an element set into equivalency classes.
+
+The generic function partition implements an \f$O(N^2)\f$ algorithm for
+splitting a set of \f$N\f$ elements into one or more equivalency classes, as
+described in <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure> . The
+function returns the number of equivalency classes.
+@param vec Set of elements stored as a vector.
+@param labels Output vector of labels. It contains as many elements as vec. Each
+label labels[i] is a 0-based cluster index of `vec[i]`.
+@param predicate Equivalence predicate (pointer to a boolean function of two
+arguments or an instance of the class that has the method bool operator()(const
+_Tp& a, const _Tp& b) ). The predicate returns true when the elements are
+certainly in the same class, and returns false if they may or may not be in the
+same class.
+@ingroup core_cluster
+*/
+template <typename _Tp, class _EqPredicate>
+int partition(const std::vector<_Tp> &vec, std::vector<int> &labels,
+              _EqPredicate predicate = _EqPredicate()) {
+  int i, j, N = (int)vec.size();
+  const _Tp *_vec = &vec[0];
+
+  const int PARENT = 0;
+  const int RANK = 1;
+
+  std::vector<int> _nodes(N * 2);
+  int (*nodes)[2] = (int (*)[2]) & _nodes[0];
+
+  // The first O(N) pass: create N single-vertex trees
+  for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+    nodes[i][PARENT] = -1;
+    nodes[i][RANK] = 0;
+  }
+
+  // The main O(N^2) pass: merge connected components
+  for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+    int root = i;
+
+    // find root
+    while (nodes[root][PARENT] >= 0)
+      root = nodes[root][PARENT];
+
+    for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
+      if (i == j || !predicate(_vec[i], _vec[j]))
+        continue;
+      int root2 = j;
+
+      while (nodes[root2][PARENT] >= 0)
+        root2 = nodes[root2][PARENT];
+
+      if (root2 != root) {
+        // unite both trees
+        int rank = nodes[root][RANK], rank2 = nodes[root2][RANK];
+        if (rank > rank2)
+          nodes[root2][PARENT] = root;
+        else {
+          nodes[root][PARENT] = root2;
+          nodes[root2][RANK] += rank == rank2;
+          root = root2;
+        }
+        CV_Assert(nodes[root][PARENT] < 0);
+
+        int k = j, parent;
+
+        // compress the path from node2 to root
+        while ((parent = nodes[k][PARENT]) >= 0) {
+          nodes[k][PARENT] = root;
+          k = parent;
+        }
+
+        // compress the path from node to root
+        k = i;
+        while ((parent = nodes[k][PARENT]) >= 0) {
+          nodes[k][PARENT] = root;
+          k = parent;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Final O(N) pass: enumerate classes
+  labels.resize(N);
+  int nclasses = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+    int root = i;
+    while (nodes[root][PARENT] >= 0)
+      root = nodes[root][PARENT];
+    // re-use the rank as the class label
+    if (nodes[root][RANK] >= 0)
+      nodes[root][RANK] = ~nclasses++;
+    labels[i] = ~nodes[root][RANK];
+  }
+
+  return nclasses;
+}
+
+} // namespace cv
+
+#endif