rdflib 2.2.20 → 2.2.21-23b2ead1

package/lib/serializer.js

@@ -1,39 +1,22 @@
 "use strict";
 
 var _interopRequireDefault = require("@babel/runtime/helpers/interopRequireDefault");
-
-var _typeof = require("@babel/runtime/helpers/typeof");
-
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
   value: true
 });
 exports.Serializer = void 0;
 exports.default = createSerializer;
-
-var _classCallCheck2 = _interopRequireDefault(require("@babel/runtime/helpers/classCallCheck"));
-
-var _createClass2 = _interopRequireDefault(require("@babel/runtime/helpers/createClass"));
-
 var _defineProperty2 = _interopRequireDefault(require("@babel/runtime/helpers/defineProperty"));
-
 var _namedNode = _interopRequireDefault(require("./named-node"));
-
 var _blankNode = _interopRequireDefault(require("./blank-node"));
-
 var Uri = _interopRequireWildcard(require("./uri"));
-
 var Util = _interopRequireWildcard(require("./utils-js"));
-
 var _canonicalDataFactory = _interopRequireDefault(require("./factories/canonical-data-factory"));
-
 var _xsd = require("./xsd");
-
 var _solidNamespace = _interopRequireDefault(require("solid-namespace"));
-
-function _getRequireWildcardCache(nodeInterop) { if (typeof WeakMap !== "function") return null; var cacheBabelInterop = new WeakMap(); var cacheNodeInterop = new WeakMap(); return (_getRequireWildcardCache = function _getRequireWildcardCache(nodeInterop) { return nodeInterop ? cacheNodeInterop : cacheBabelInterop; })(nodeInterop); }
-
-function _interopRequireWildcard(obj, nodeInterop) { if (!nodeInterop && obj && obj.__esModule) { return obj; } if (obj === null || _typeof(obj) !== "object" && typeof obj !== "function") { return { default: obj }; } var cache = _getRequireWildcardCache(nodeInterop); if (cache && cache.has(obj)) { return cache.get(obj); } var newObj = {}; var hasPropertyDescriptor = Object.defineProperty && Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor; for (var key in obj) { if (key !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) { var desc = hasPropertyDescriptor ? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key) : null; if (desc && (desc.get || desc.set)) { Object.defineProperty(newObj, key, desc); } else { newObj[key] = obj[key]; } } } newObj.default = obj; if (cache) { cache.set(obj, newObj); } return newObj; }
-
+var jsonld = _interopRequireWildcard(require("jsonld"));
+function _getRequireWildcardCache(nodeInterop) { if (typeof WeakMap !== "function") return null; var cacheBabelInterop = new WeakMap(); var cacheNodeInterop = new WeakMap(); return (_getRequireWildcardCache = function (nodeInterop) { return nodeInterop ? cacheNodeInterop : cacheBabelInterop; })(nodeInterop); }
+function _interopRequireWildcard(obj, nodeInterop) { if (!nodeInterop && obj && obj.__esModule) { return obj; } if (obj === null || typeof obj !== "object" && typeof obj !== "function") { return { default: obj }; } var cache = _getRequireWildcardCache(nodeInterop); if (cache && cache.has(obj)) { return cache.get(obj); } var newObj = {}; var hasPropertyDescriptor = Object.defineProperty && Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor; for (var key in obj) { if (key !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) { var desc = hasPropertyDescriptor ? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key) : null; if (desc && (desc.get || desc.set)) { Object.defineProperty(newObj, key, desc); } else { newObj[key] = obj[key]; } } } newObj.default = obj; if (cache) { cache.set(obj, newObj); } return newObj; }
 /*      Serialization of RDF Graphs
 **
 ** Tim Berners-Lee 2006
@@ -41,15 +24,13 @@ function _interopRequireWildcard(obj, nodeInterop) { if (!nodeInterop && obj &&
 ** This is or was https://github.com/linkeddata/rdflib.js/blob/main/src/serializer.js
 ** Licence: MIT
 */
+
 function createSerializer(store) {
   return new Serializer(store);
 }
-
 ;
-
-var Serializer = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
-  function Serializer(store) {
-    (0, _classCallCheck2.default)(this, Serializer);
+class Serializer {
+  constructor(store) {
     (0, _defineProperty2.default)(this, "_notQNameChars", '\t\r\n !"#$%&\'()*.,+/;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~');
     (0, _defineProperty2.default)(this, "_notNameChars", this._notQNameChars + ':');
     (0, _defineProperty2.default)(this, "validPrefix", new RegExp(/^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*$/));
@@ -58,1182 +39,1039 @@ var Serializer = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     this.flags = '';
     this.base = null;
     this.prefixes = []; // suggested prefixes
-
     this.namespaces = []; // complementary
-
-    var nsKeys = Object.keys((0, _solidNamespace.default)());
-
-    for (var i in nsKeys) {
-      var uri = (0, _solidNamespace.default)()[nsKeys[i]]('');
-      var prefix = nsKeys[i];
+    const nsKeys = Object.keys((0, _solidNamespace.default)());
+    for (const i in nsKeys) {
+      const uri = (0, _solidNamespace.default)()[nsKeys[i]]('');
+      const prefix = nsKeys[i];
       this.prefixes[uri] = prefix;
       this.namespaces[prefix] = uri;
     }
-
     this.suggestPrefix('rdf', 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#'); // XML code assumes this!
-
     this.suggestPrefix('xml', 'reserved:reservedForFutureUse'); // XML reserves xml: in the spec.
 
     this.namespacesUsed = []; // Count actually used and so needed in @prefixes
-
     this.keywords = ['a']; // The only one we generate at the moment
-
     this.prefixchars = 'abcdefghijklmnopqustuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
     this.incoming = null; // Array not calculated yet
-
     this.formulas = []; // remembering original formulae from hashes
-
     this.store = store;
     this.rdfFactory = store.rdfFactory || _canonicalDataFactory.default;
     this.xsd = (0, _xsd.createXSD)(this.rdfFactory);
   }
+  setBase(base) {
+    this.base = base;
+    return this;
+  }
+  setFlags(flags) {
+    this.flags = flags || '';
+    return this;
+  }
+  toStr(x) {
+    var s = x.toNT();
+    if (x.termType === 'Graph') {
+      this.formulas[s] = x; // remember as reverse does not work
+    }
 
-  (0, _createClass2.default)(Serializer, [{
-    key: "setBase",
-    value: function setBase(base) {
-      this.base = base;
-      return this;
+    return s;
+  }
+  fromStr(s) {
+    if (s[0] === '{') {
+      var x = this.formulas[s];
+      if (!x) console.log('No formula object for ' + s);
+      return x;
     }
-  }, {
-    key: "setFlags",
-    value: function setFlags(flags) {
-      this.flags = flags || '';
-      return this;
+    return this.store.fromNT(s);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Defines a set of [prefix, namespace] pairs to be used by this Serializer instance.
+   * Overrides previous prefixes if any
+   * @param namespaces
+   * @return {Serializer}
+   */
+  setNamespaces(namespaces) {
+    for (var px in namespaces) {
+      this.setPrefix(px, namespaces[px]);
     }
-  }, {
-    key: "toStr",
-    value: function toStr(x) {
-      var s = x.toNT();
+    return this;
+  }
 
-      if (x.termType === 'Graph') {
-        this.formulas[s] = x; // remember as reverse does not work
-      }
+  /**
+   * Defines a namespace prefix, overriding any existing prefix for that URI
+   * @param prefix
+   * @param uri
+   */
+  setPrefix(prefix, uri) {
+    if (prefix.slice(0, 7) === 'default') return; // Try to weed these out
+    if (prefix.slice(0, 2) === 'ns') return; //  From others inferior algos
+    if (!prefix || !uri) return; // empty strings not suitable
+
+    // remove any existing prefix targeting this uri
+    // for (let existingPrefix in this.namespaces) {
+    //   if (this.namespaces[existingPrefix] == uri)
+    //     delete this.namespaces[existingPrefix];
+    // }
+
+    // remove any existing mapping for this prefix
+    for (let existingNs in this.prefixes) {
+      if (this.prefixes[existingNs] == prefix) delete this.prefixes[existingNs];
+    }
+    this.prefixes[uri] = prefix;
+    this.namespaces[prefix] = uri;
+  }
 
-      return s;
+  /* Accumulate Namespaces
+  **
+  ** These are only hints.  If two overlap, only one gets used
+  ** There is therefore no guarantee in general.
+  */
+  suggestPrefix(prefix, uri) {
+    if (prefix.slice(0, 7) === 'default') return; // Try to weed these out
+    if (prefix.slice(0, 2) === 'ns') return; //  From others inferior algos
+    if (!prefix || !uri) return; // empty strings not suitable
+    if (prefix in this.namespaces || uri in this.prefixes) return; // already used
+    this.prefixes[uri] = prefix;
+    this.namespaces[prefix] = uri;
+  }
+
+  // Takes a namespace -> prefix map
+  suggestNamespaces(namespaces) {
+    for (var px in namespaces) {
+      this.suggestPrefix(px, namespaces[px]);
     }
-  }, {
-    key: "fromStr",
-    value: function fromStr(s) {
-      if (s[0] === '{') {
-        var x = this.formulas[s];
-        if (!x) console.log('No formula object for ' + s);
-        return x;
+    return this;
+  }
+  checkIntegrity() {
+    var p, ns;
+    for (p in this.namespaces) {
+      if (this.prefixes[this.namespaces[p]] !== p) {
+        throw new Error('Serializer integity error 1: ' + p + ', ' + this.namespaces[p] + ', ' + this.prefixes[this.namespaces[p]] + '!');
       }
-
-      return this.store.fromNT(s);
     }
-    /**
-     * Defines a set of [prefix, namespace] pairs to be used by this Serializer instance.
-     * Overrides previous prefixes if any
-     * @param namespaces
-     * @return {Serializer}
-     */
-
-  }, {
-    key: "setNamespaces",
-    value: function setNamespaces(namespaces) {
-      for (var px in namespaces) {
-        this.setPrefix(px, namespaces[px]);
+    for (ns in this.prefixes) {
+      if (this.namespaces[this.prefixes[ns]] !== ns) {
+        throw new Error('Serializer integity error 2: ' + ns + ', ' + this.prefixs[ns] + ', ' + this.namespaces[this.prefixes[ns]] + '!');
       }
-
-      return this;
     }
-    /**
-     * Defines a namespace prefix, overriding any existing prefix for that URI
-     * @param prefix
-     * @param uri
-     */
-
-  }, {
-    key: "setPrefix",
-    value: function setPrefix(prefix, uri) {
-      if (prefix.slice(0, 7) === 'default') return; // Try to weed these out
-
-      if (prefix.slice(0, 2) === 'ns') return; //  From others inferior algos
-
-      if (!prefix || !uri) return; // empty strings not suitable
-      // remove any existing prefix targeting this uri
-      // for (let existingPrefix in this.namespaces) {
-      //   if (this.namespaces[existingPrefix] == uri)
-      //     delete this.namespaces[existingPrefix];
-      // }
-      // remove any existing mapping for this prefix
+  }
 
-      for (var existingNs in this.prefixes) {
-        if (this.prefixes[existingNs] == prefix) delete this.prefixes[existingNs];
+  // Make up an unused prefix for a random namespace
+  makeUpPrefix(uri) {
+    var p = uri;
+    function canUseMethod(pp) {
+      if (!this.validPrefix.test(pp)) return false; // bad format
+      if (pp === 'ns') return false; // boring
+      if (pp in this.namespaces) return false; // already used
+      this.prefixes[uri] = pp;
+      this.namespaces[pp] = uri;
+      return pp;
+    }
+    var canUse = canUseMethod.bind(this);
+    if ('#/'.indexOf(p[p.length - 1]) >= 0) p = p.slice(0, -1);
+    var slash = p.lastIndexOf('/');
+    if (slash >= 0) p = p.slice(slash + 1);
+    var i = 0;
+    while (i < p.length) {
+      if (this.prefixchars.indexOf(p[i])) {
+        i++;
+      } else {
+        break;
       }
-
-      this.prefixes[uri] = prefix;
-      this.namespaces[prefix] = uri;
     }
-    /* Accumulate Namespaces
-    **
-    ** These are only hints.  If two overlap, only one gets used
-    ** There is therefore no guarantee in general.
-    */
-
-  }, {
-    key: "suggestPrefix",
-    value: function suggestPrefix(prefix, uri) {
-      if (prefix.slice(0, 7) === 'default') return; // Try to weed these out
-
-      if (prefix.slice(0, 2) === 'ns') return; //  From others inferior algos
+    p = p.slice(0, i);
+    if (p.length < 6 && canUse(p)) return p; // exact is best
+    if (canUse(p.slice(0, 3))) return p.slice(0, 3);
+    if (canUse(p.slice(0, 2))) return p.slice(0, 2);
+    if (canUse(p.slice(0, 4))) return p.slice(0, 4);
+    if (canUse(p.slice(0, 1))) return p.slice(0, 1);
+    if (canUse(p.slice(0, 5))) return p.slice(0, 5);
+    if (!this.validPrefix.test(p)) {
+      p = 'n'; // Otherwise the loop below may never termimnate
+    }
 
-      if (!prefix || !uri) return; // empty strings not suitable
+    for (var j = 0;; j++) if (canUse(p.slice(0, 3) + j)) return p.slice(0, 3) + j;
+  }
+  rootSubjects(sts) {
+    var incoming = {};
+    var subjects = {};
+    var allBnodes = {};
+
+    /* This scan is to find out which nodes will have to be the roots of trees
+    ** in the serialized form. This will be any symbols, and any bnodes
+    ** which hve more or less than one incoming arc, and any bnodes which have
+    ** one incoming arc but it is an uninterrupted loop of such nodes back to itself.
+    ** This should be kept linear time with repect to the number of statements.
+    ** Note it does not use any indexing of the store.
+    */
+    for (var i = 0; i < sts.length; i++) {
+      var st = sts[i];
+      var checkMentions = function (x) {
+        if (!incoming.hasOwnProperty(x)) incoming[x] = [];
+        incoming[x].push(st.subject); // List of things which will cause this to be printed
+      };
 
-      if (prefix in this.namespaces || uri in this.prefixes) return; // already used
+      var st2 = [st.subject, st.predicate, st.object];
+      st2.map(function (y) {
+        if (y.termType === 'BlankNode') {
+          allBnodes[y.toNT()] = true;
+        } else if (y.termType === 'Collection') {
+          y.elements.forEach(function (z) {
+            checkMentions(z); // bnodes in collections important
+          });
+        }
+      });
 
-      this.prefixes[uri] = prefix;
-      this.namespaces[prefix] = uri;
-    } // Takes a namespace -> prefix map
+      checkMentions(sts[i].object);
+      var ss = subjects[this.toStr(st.subject)]; // Statements with this as subject
+      if (!ss) ss = [];
+      ss.push(st);
+      subjects[this.toStr(st.subject)] = ss; // Make hash. @@ too slow for formula?
+    }
 
-  }, {
-    key: "suggestNamespaces",
-    value: function suggestNamespaces(namespaces) {
-      for (var px in namespaces) {
-        this.suggestPrefix(px, namespaces[px]);
+    var roots = [];
+    for (var xNT in subjects) {
+      if (!subjects.hasOwnProperty(xNT)) continue;
+      var y = this.fromStr(xNT);
+      if (y.termType !== 'BlankNode' || !incoming[y] || incoming[y].length !== 1) {
+        roots.push(y);
+        continue;
       }
+    }
+    this.incoming = incoming; // Keep for serializing @@ Bug for nested formulas
 
-      return this;
+    // Now do the scan using existing roots
+    var rootsHash = {};
+    for (var k = 0; k < roots.length; k++) {
+      rootsHash[roots[k].toNT()] = true;
     }
-  }, {
-    key: "checkIntegrity",
-    value: function checkIntegrity() {
-      var p, ns;
+    return {
+      'roots': roots,
+      'subjects': subjects,
+      'rootsHash': rootsHash,
+      'incoming': incoming
+    };
+  }
 
-      for (p in this.namespaces) {
-        if (this.prefixes[this.namespaces[p]] !== p) {
-          throw new Error('Serializer integity error 1: ' + p + ', ' + this.namespaces[p] + ', ' + this.prefixes[this.namespaces[p]] + '!');
-        }
-      }
+  // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-      for (ns in this.prefixes) {
-        if (this.namespaces[this.prefixes[ns]] !== ns) {
-          throw new Error('Serializer integity error 2: ' + ns + ', ' + this.prefixs[ns] + ', ' + this.namespaces[this.prefixes[ns]] + '!');
-        }
+  toN3(f) {
+    return this.statementsToN3(f.statements);
+  }
+  explicitURI(uri) {
+    if (this.flags.indexOf('r') < 0 && this.base) {
+      uri = Uri.refTo(this.base, uri);
+    } else if (this.flags.indexOf('u') >= 0) {
+      // Unicode encoding NTriples style
+      uri = backslashUify(uri);
+    } else {
+      uri = hexify(uri);
+    }
+    return '<' + uri + '>';
+  }
+  statementsToNTriples(sts) {
+    var sorted = sts.slice();
+    sorted.sort();
+    var str = '';
+    var rdfns = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#';
+    var self = this;
+    var kb = this.store;
+    var factory = this.rdfFactory;
+    var termToNT = function (x) {
+      if (x.termType !== 'Collection') {
+        return self.atomicTermToN3(x);
       }
-    } // Make up an unused prefix for a random namespace
-
-  }, {
-    key: "makeUpPrefix",
-    value: function makeUpPrefix(uri) {
-      var p = uri;
-
-      function canUseMethod(pp) {
-        if (!this.validPrefix.test(pp)) return false; // bad format
-
-        if (pp === 'ns') return false; // boring
+      var list = x.elements;
+      var rest = kb.sym(rdfns + 'nill');
+      for (var i = list.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        var bnode = factory.blankNode();
+        str += termToNT(bnode) + ' ' + termToNT(kb.sym(rdfns + 'first')) + ' ' + termToNT(list[i]) + '.\n';
+        str += termToNT(bnode) + ' ' + termToNT(kb.sym(rdfns + 'rest')) + ' ' + termToNT(rest) + '.\n';
+        rest = bnode;
+      }
+      return self.atomicTermToN3(rest);
+    };
+    for (var i = 0; i < sorted.length; i++) {
+      var st = sorted[i];
+      var s = '';
+      s += termToNT(st.subject) + ' ';
+      s += termToNT(st.predicate) + ' ';
+      s += termToNT(st.object) + ' ';
+      if (this.flags.indexOf('q') >= 0) {
+        // Do quads not nrtiples
+        s += termToNT(st.why) + ' ';
+      }
+      s += '.\n';
+      str += s;
+    }
+    return str;
+  }
+  statementsToN3(sts) {
+    var indent = 4;
+    var width = 80;
+    var kb = this.store;
+    // A URI Map alows us to put the type statemnts at the top.
+    var uriMap = {
+      'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type': 'aaa:00'
+    };
+    var SPO = function (x, y) {
+      // Do limited canonicalization of bnodes
+      return Util.heavyCompareSPO(x, y, kb, uriMap);
+    };
+    sts.sort(SPO);
+    if (this.base && !this.defaultNamespace) {
+      this.defaultNamespace = this.base + '#';
+    }
+    var predMap = {};
+    if (this.flags.indexOf('s') < 0) {
+      predMap['http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs'] = '=';
+    }
+    if (this.flags.indexOf('t') < 0) {
+      predMap['http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type'] = 'a';
+    }
+    if (this.flags.indexOf('i') < 0) {
+      predMap['http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#implies'] = '=>';
+    }
+    // //////////////////////// Arrange the bits of text
 
-        if (pp in this.namespaces) return false; // already used
+    var spaces = function (n) {
+      var s = '';
+      for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) s += ' ';
+      return s;
+    };
+    var treeToLine = function (tree) {
+      var str = '';
+      for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) {
+        var branch = tree[i];
+        var s2 = typeof branch === 'string' ? branch : treeToLine(branch);
+        // Note the space before the dot in case statement ends with 123 or colon. which is in fact allowed but be conservative.
+        if (i !== 0) {
+          var ch = str.slice(-1) || ' ';
+          if (s2 === ',' || s2 === ';') {
+            // no gap
+          } else if (s2 === '.' && !'0123456789.:'.includes(ch)) {// no gap except after number and colon
+            // no gap
+          } else {
+            str += ' '; // separate from previous token
+          }
+        }
 
-        this.prefixes[uri] = pp;
-        this.namespaces[pp] = uri;
-        return pp;
+        str += s2;
       }
+      return str;
+    };
 
-      var canUse = canUseMethod.bind(this);
-      if ('#/'.indexOf(p[p.length - 1]) >= 0) p = p.slice(0, -1);
-      var slash = p.lastIndexOf('/');
-      if (slash >= 0) p = p.slice(slash + 1);
-      var i = 0;
-
-      while (i < p.length) {
-        if (this.prefixchars.indexOf(p[i])) {
-          i++;
-        } else {
-          break;
+    // Convert a nested tree of lists and strings to a string
+    var treeToString = function (tree, level) {
+      var str = '';
+      var lastLength = 100000;
+      if (level === undefined) level = -1;
+      for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) {
+        var branch = tree[i];
+        if (typeof branch !== 'string') {
+          var substr = treeToString(branch, level + 1);
+          if (substr.length < 10 * (width - indent * level) && substr.indexOf('"""') < 0) {
+            // Don't mess up multiline strings
+            var line = treeToLine(branch);
+            if (line.length < width - indent * level) {
+              branch = line; //   Note! treat as string below
+              substr = '';
+            }
+          }
+          if (substr) lastLength = 10000;
+          str += substr;
+        }
+        if (typeof branch === 'string') {
+          if (branch.length === 1 && str.slice(-1) === '\n') {
+            if (',.;'.indexOf(branch) >= 0) {
+              str = str.slice(0, -1);
+              // be conservative and ensure a whitespace between some chars and a final dot, as in treeToLine above
+              if (branch == '.' && '0123456789.:'.includes(str.charAt(str.length - 1))) {
+                str += ' ';
+                lastLength += 1;
+              }
+              str += branch + '\n'; //  slip punct'n on end
+              lastLength += 1;
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+          if (lastLength < indent * level + 4 ||
+          // if new line not necessary
+          lastLength + branch.length + 1 < width && ';.'.indexOf(str[str.length - 2]) < 0) {
+            // or the string fits on last line
+            str = str.slice(0, -1) + ' ' + branch + '\n'; // then continue on this line
+            lastLength += branch.length + 1;
+          } else {
+            let line = spaces(indent * level) + branch;
+            str += line + '\n';
+            lastLength = line.length;
+            if (level < 0) {
+              str += '\n'; // extra blank line
+              lastLength = 100000; // don't touch
+            }
+          }
         }
       }
 
-      p = p.slice(0, i);
-      if (p.length < 6 && canUse(p)) return p; // exact is best
-
-      if (canUse(p.slice(0, 3))) return p.slice(0, 3);
-      if (canUse(p.slice(0, 2))) return p.slice(0, 2);
-      if (canUse(p.slice(0, 4))) return p.slice(0, 4);
-      if (canUse(p.slice(0, 1))) return p.slice(0, 1);
-      if (canUse(p.slice(0, 5))) return p.slice(0, 5);
-
-      if (!this.validPrefix.test(p)) {
-        p = 'n'; // Otherwise the loop below may never termimnate
+      return str;
+    };
+
+    // //////////////////////////////////////////// Structure for N3
+    // Convert a set of statements into a nested tree of lists and strings
+    function statementListToTreeMethod(statements) {
+      var stats = this.rootSubjects(statements);
+      var roots = stats.roots;
+      var results = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < roots.length; i++) {
+        var root = roots[i];
+        results.push(subjectTree(root, stats));
       }
+      return results;
+    }
+    var statementListToTree = statementListToTreeMethod.bind(this);
 
-      for (var j = 0;; j++) {
-        if (canUse(p.slice(0, 3) + j)) return p.slice(0, 3) + j;
+    // The tree for a subject
+    function subjectTree(subject, stats) {
+      if (subject.termType === 'BlankNode' && !stats.incoming[subject]) {
+        return objectTree(subject, stats, true).concat(['.']); // Anonymous bnode subject
       }
-    }
-  }, {
-    key: "rootSubjects",
-    value: function rootSubjects(sts) {
-      var incoming = {};
-      var subjects = {};
-      var allBnodes = {};
-      /* This scan is to find out which nodes will have to be the roots of trees
-      ** in the serialized form. This will be any symbols, and any bnodes
-      ** which hve more or less than one incoming arc, and any bnodes which have
-      ** one incoming arc but it is an uninterrupted loop of such nodes back to itself.
-      ** This should be kept linear time with repect to the number of statements.
-      ** Note it does not use any indexing of the store.
-      */
 
+      return [termToN3(subject, stats)].concat([propertyTree(subject, stats)]).concat(['.']);
+    }
+    // The property tree for a single subject or anonymous node
+    function propertyTreeMethod(subject, stats) {
+      var results = [];
+      var lastPred = null;
+      var sts = stats.subjects[this.toStr(subject)] || []; // relevant statements
+      if (typeof sts === 'undefined') {
+        throw new Error('Cant find statements for ' + subject);
+      }
+      var objects = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < sts.length; i++) {
         var st = sts[i];
-
-        var checkMentions = function checkMentions(x) {
-          if (!incoming.hasOwnProperty(x)) incoming[x] = [];
-          incoming[x].push(st.subject); // List of things which will cause this to be printed
-        };
-
-        var st2 = [st.subject, st.predicate, st.object];
-        st2.map(function (y) {
-          if (y.termType === 'BlankNode') {
-            allBnodes[y.toNT()] = true;
-          } else if (y.termType === 'Collection') {
-            y.elements.forEach(function (z) {
-              checkMentions(z); // bnodes in collections important
-            });
+        if (st.predicate.uri === lastPred) {
+          objects.push(',');
+        } else {
+          if (lastPred) {
+            results = results.concat([objects]).concat([';']);
+            objects = [];
           }
-        });
-        checkMentions(sts[i].object);
-        var ss = subjects[this.toStr(st.subject)]; // Statements with this as subject
-
-        if (!ss) ss = [];
-        ss.push(st);
-        subjects[this.toStr(st.subject)] = ss; // Make hash. @@ too slow for formula?
-      }
-
-      var roots = [];
-
-      for (var xNT in subjects) {
-        if (!subjects.hasOwnProperty(xNT)) continue;
-        var y = this.fromStr(xNT);
-
-        if (y.termType !== 'BlankNode' || !incoming[y] || incoming[y].length !== 1) {
-          roots.push(y);
-          continue;
+          results.push(predMap[st.predicate.uri] ? predMap[st.predicate.uri] : termToN3(st.predicate, stats));
         }
+        lastPred = st.predicate.uri;
+        objects.push(objectTree(st.object, stats));
       }
-
-      this.incoming = incoming; // Keep for serializing @@ Bug for nested formulas
-      // Now do the scan using existing roots
-
-      var rootsHash = {};
-
-      for (var k = 0; k < roots.length; k++) {
-        rootsHash[roots[k].toNT()] = true;
+      results = results.concat([objects]);
+      return results;
+    }
+    var propertyTree = propertyTreeMethod.bind(this);
+    function objectTreeMethod(obj, stats, force) {
+      if (obj.termType === 'BlankNode' && (force || stats.rootsHash[obj.toNT()] === undefined)) {
+        // if not a root
+        if (stats.subjects[this.toStr(obj)]) {
+          return ['[', propertyTree(obj, stats), ']'];
+        } else {
+          return '[]';
+        }
       }
-
-      return {
-        'roots': roots,
-        'subjects': subjects,
-        'rootsHash': rootsHash,
-        'incoming': incoming
-      };
-    } // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-  }, {
-    key: "toN3",
-    value: function toN3(f) {
-      return this.statementsToN3(f.statements);
+      return termToN3(obj, stats);
     }
-  }, {
-    key: "explicitURI",
-    value: function explicitURI(uri) {
-      if (this.flags.indexOf('r') < 0 && this.base) {
-        uri = Uri.refTo(this.base, uri);
-      } else if (this.flags.indexOf('u') >= 0) {
-        // Unicode encoding NTriples style
-        uri = backslashUify(uri);
-      } else {
-        uri = hexify(uri);
+    var objectTree = objectTreeMethod.bind(this);
+    function termToN3Method(expr, stats) {
+      //
+      var i, res;
+      switch (expr.termType) {
+        case 'Graph':
+          res = ['{'];
+          res = res.concat(statementListToTree(expr.statements));
+          return res.concat(['}']);
+        case 'Collection':
+          res = ['('];
+          for (i = 0; i < expr.elements.length; i++) {
+            res.push([objectTree(expr.elements[i], stats)]);
+          }
+          res.push(')');
+          return res;
+        default:
+          return this.atomicTermToN3(expr);
       }
-
-      return '<' + uri + '>';
     }
-  }, {
-    key: "statementsToNTriples",
-    value: function statementsToNTriples(sts) {
-      var sorted = sts.slice();
-      sorted.sort();
+    Serializer.prototype.termToN3 = termToN3;
+    var termToN3 = termToN3Method.bind(this);
+    function prefixDirectivesMethod() {
       var str = '';
-      var rdfns = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#';
-      var self = this;
-      var kb = this.store;
-      var factory = this.rdfFactory;
-
-      var termToNT = function termToNT(x) {
-        if (x.termType !== 'Collection') {
-          return self.atomicTermToN3(x);
+      if (this.defaultNamespace) {
+        str += '@prefix : ' + this.explicitURI(this.defaultNamespace) + '.\n';
+      }
+      for (var ns in this.prefixes) {
+        if (!this.prefixes.hasOwnProperty(ns)) continue;
+        if (!this.namespacesUsed[ns]) continue;
+        str += '@prefix ' + this.prefixes[ns] + ': ' + this.explicitURI(ns) + '.\n';
+      }
+      return str + '\n';
+    }
+    var prefixDirectives = prefixDirectivesMethod.bind(this);
+    // Body of statementsToN3:
+    var tree = statementListToTree(sts);
+    return prefixDirectives() + treeToString(tree);
+  }
+  // //////////////////////////////////////////// Atomic Terms
+
+  //  Deal with term level things and nesting with no bnode structure
+  atomicTermToN3(expr, stats) {
+    switch (expr.termType) {
+      case 'BlankNode':
+      case 'Variable':
+        return expr.toNT();
+      case 'Literal':
+        var val = expr.value;
+        if (typeof val !== 'string') {
+          throw new TypeError('Value of RDF literal node must be a string');
         }
-
-        var list = x.elements;
-        var rest = kb.sym(rdfns + 'nill');
-
-        for (var i = list.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-          var bnode = factory.blankNode();
-          str += termToNT(bnode) + ' ' + termToNT(kb.sym(rdfns + 'first')) + ' ' + termToNT(list[i]) + '.\n';
-          str += termToNT(bnode) + ' ' + termToNT(kb.sym(rdfns + 'rest')) + ' ' + termToNT(rest) + '.\n';
-          rest = bnode;
+        // var val = expr.value.toString() // should be a string already
+        if (expr.datatype && this.flags.indexOf('x') < 0) {
+          // Supress native numbers
+          switch (expr.datatype.uri) {
+            case 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer':
+              return val;
+            case 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal':
+              // In Turtle, must have dot
+              if (val.indexOf('.') < 0) val += '.0';
+              return val;
+            case 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double':
+              {
+                // Must force use of 'e'
+                const eNotation = val.toLowerCase().indexOf('e') > 0;
+                if (val.indexOf('.') < 0 && !eNotation) val += '.0';
+                if (!eNotation) val += 'e0';
+                return val;
+              }
+            case 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean':
+              return expr.value === '1' ? 'true' : 'false';
+          }
         }
-
-        return self.atomicTermToN3(rest);
-      };
-
-      for (var i = 0; i < sorted.length; i++) {
-        var st = sorted[i];
-        var s = '';
-        s += termToNT(st.subject) + ' ';
-        s += termToNT(st.predicate) + ' ';
-        s += termToNT(st.object) + ' ';
-
-        if (this.flags.indexOf('q') >= 0) {
-          // Do quads not nrtiples
-          s += termToNT(st.why) + ' ';
+        var str = this.stringToN3(expr.value);
+        if (expr.language) {
+          str += '@' + expr.language;
+        } else if (!expr.datatype.equals(this.xsd.string)) {
+          str += '^^' + this.atomicTermToN3(expr.datatype, stats);
         }
-
-        s += '.\n';
-        str += s;
-      }
-
-      return str;
+        return str;
+      case 'NamedNode':
+        return this.symbolToN3(expr);
+      case 'DefaultGraph':
+        return '';
+      default:
+        throw new Error('Internal: atomicTermToN3 cannot handle ' + expr + ' of termType: ' + expr.termType);
     }
-  }, {
-    key: "statementsToN3",
-    value: function statementsToN3(sts) {
-      var indent = 4;
-      var width = 80;
-      var kb = this.store; // A URI Map alows us to put the type statemnts at the top.
-
-      var uriMap = {
-        'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type': 'aaa:00'
-      };
-
-      var SPO = function SPO(x, y) {
-        // Do limited canonicalization of bnodes
-        return Util.heavyCompareSPO(x, y, kb, uriMap);
-      };
-
-      sts.sort(SPO);
-
-      if (this.base && !this.defaultNamespace) {
-        this.defaultNamespace = this.base + '#';
-      }
-
-      var predMap = {};
-
-      if (this.flags.indexOf('s') < 0) {
-        predMap['http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs'] = '=';
-      }
+  }
 
-      if (this.flags.indexOf('t') < 0) {
-        predMap['http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type'] = 'a';
+  //  stringToN3:  String escaping for N3
+
+  stringToN3(str, flags) {
+    if (!flags) flags = 'e';
+    var res = '';
+    var i, j, k;
+    var delim;
+    var forbidden;
+    if (str.length > 20 &&
+    // Long enough to make sense
+    str.slice(-1) !== '"' &&
+    // corner case'
+    flags.indexOf('n') < 0 && (
+    // Force single line
+    str.indexOf('\n') > 0 || str.indexOf('"') > 0)) {
+      delim = '"""';
+      forbidden = this.forbidden3;
+    } else {
+      delim = '"';
+      forbidden = this.forbidden1;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < str.length;) {
+      forbidden.lastIndex = 0;
+      var m = forbidden.exec(str.slice(i));
+      if (m == null) break;
+      j = i + forbidden.lastIndex - 1;
+      res += str.slice(i, j);
+      var ch = str[j];
+      if (ch === '"' && delim === '"""' && str.slice(j, j + 3) !== '"""') {
+        res += ch;
+      } else {
+        k = '\b\f\r\t\v\n\\"'.indexOf(ch); // No escaping of bell (7)?
+        if (k >= 0) {
+          res += '\\' + 'bfrtvn\\"'[k];
+        } else {
+          if (flags.indexOf('e') >= 0) {
+            // Unicode escaping in strings not unix style
+            res += '\\u' + ('000' + ch.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toLowerCase()).slice(-4);
+          } else {
+            // no 'e' flag
+            res += ch;
+          }
+        }
       }
-
-      if (this.flags.indexOf('i') < 0) {
-        predMap['http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#implies'] = '=>';
-      } // //////////////////////// Arrange the bits of text
-
-
-      var spaces = function spaces(n) {
-        var s = '';
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-          s += ' ';
+      i = j + 1;
+    }
+    return delim + res + str.slice(i) + delim;
+  }
+  //  A single symbol, either in  <> or namespace notation
+
+  symbolToN3(x) {
+    // c.f. symbolString() in notation3.py
+    var uri = x.uri;
+    var j = uri.indexOf('#');
+    if (j < 0 && this.flags.indexOf('/') < 0) {
+      j = uri.lastIndexOf('/');
+    }
+    if (j >= 0 && this.flags.indexOf('p') < 0 && (
+    // Can split at namespace but only if http[s]: URI or file: or ws[s] (why not others?)
+    uri.indexOf('http') === 0 || uri.indexOf('ws') === 0 || uri.indexOf('file') === 0)) {
+      var canSplit = true;
+      for (var k = j + 1; k < uri.length; k++) {
+        if (this._notNameChars.indexOf(uri[k]) >= 0) {
+          canSplit = false;
+          break;
         }
-
-        return s;
-      };
-
-      var treeToLine = function treeToLine(tree) {
-        var str = '';
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) {
-          var branch = tree[i];
-          var s2 = typeof branch === 'string' ? branch : treeToLine(branch); // Note the space before the dot in case statement ends with 123 or colon. which is in fact allowed but be conservative.
-
-          if (i !== 0) {
-            var ch = str.slice(-1) || ' ';
-
-            if (s2 === ',' || s2 === ';') {// no gap
-            } else if (s2 === '.' && !'0123456789.:'.includes(ch)) {// no gap except after number and colon
-              // no gap
-            } else {
-              str += ' '; // separate from previous token
+      }
+      /*
+            if (uri.slice(0, j + 1) === this.base + '#') { // base-relative
+              if (canSplit) {
+                return ':' + uri.slice(j + 1) // assume deafult ns is local
+              } else {
+                return '<#' + uri.slice(j + 1) + '>'
+              }
             }
+      */
+      if (canSplit) {
+        var localid = uri.slice(j + 1);
+        var namesp = uri.slice(0, j + 1);
+        if (this.defaultNamespace && this.defaultNamespace === namesp && this.flags.indexOf('d') < 0) {
+          // d -> suppress default
+          if (this.flags.indexOf('k') >= 0 && this.keyords.indexOf(localid) < 0) {
+            return localid;
           }
-
-          str += s2;
+          return ':' + localid;
         }
+        // this.checkIntegrity() //  @@@ Remove when not testing
+        var prefix = this.prefixes[namesp];
+        if (!prefix) prefix = this.makeUpPrefix(namesp);
+        if (prefix) {
+          this.namespacesUsed[namesp] = true;
+          return prefix + ':' + localid;
+        }
+        // Fall though if can't do qname
+      }
+    }
 
-        return str;
-      }; // Convert a nested tree of lists and strings to a string
-
-
-      var treeToString = function treeToString(tree, level) {
-        var str = '';
-        var lastLength = 100000;
-        if (level === undefined) level = -1;
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) {
-          var branch = tree[i];
-
-          if (typeof branch !== 'string') {
-            var substr = treeToString(branch, level + 1);
+    return this.explicitURI(uri);
+  }
 
-            if (substr.length < 10 * (width - indent * level) && substr.indexOf('"""') < 0) {
-              // Don't mess up multiline strings
-              var line = treeToLine(branch);
+  // /////////////////////////// Quad store serialization
 
-              if (line.length < width - indent * level) {
-                branch = line; //   Note! treat as string below
+  // @para. write  - a function taking a single string to be output
+  //
+  writeStore(write) {
+    var kb = this.store;
+    var fetcher = kb.fetcher;
+    var session = fetcher && fetcher.appNode;
 
-                substr = '';
-              }
-            }
+    // The core data
 
-            if (substr) lastLength = 10000;
-            str += substr;
-          }
+    var sources = this.store.index[3];
+    for (var s in sources) {
+      // -> assume we can use -> as short for log:semantics
+      var source = kb.fromNT(s);
+      if (session && source.equals(session)) continue;
+      write('\n' + this.atomicTermToN3(source) + ' ' + this.atomicTermToN3(kb.sym('http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#semantics')) + ' { ' + this.statementsToN3(kb.statementsMatching(undefined, undefined, undefined, source)) + ' }.\n');
+    }
 
-          if (typeof branch === 'string') {
-            if (branch.length === 1 && str.slice(-1) === '\n') {
-              if (',.;'.indexOf(branch) >= 0) {
-                str = str.slice(0, -1); // be conservative and ensure a whitespace between some chars and a final dot, as in treeToLine above
+    // The metadata from HTTP interactions:
 
-                if (branch == '.' && '0123456789.:'.includes(str.charAt(str.length - 1))) {
-                  str += ' ';
-                  lastLength += 1;
-                }
+    kb.statementsMatching(undefined, kb.sym('http://www.w3.org/2007/ont/link#requestedURI')).map(function (st) {
+      write('\n<' + st.object.value + '> log:metadata {\n');
+      var sts = kb.statementsMatching(undefined, undefined, undefined, st.subject);
+      write(this.statementsToN3(this.statementsToN3(sts)));
+      write('}.\n');
+    });
 
-                str += branch + '\n'; //  slip punct'n on end
+    // Inferences we have made ourselves not attributable to anyone else
 
-                lastLength += 1;
-                continue;
-              }
-            }
+    var metaSources = [];
+    if (session) metaSources.push(session);
+    var metadata = [];
+    metaSources.map(function (source) {
+      metadata = metadata.concat(kb.statementsMatching(undefined, undefined, undefined, source));
+    });
+    write(this.statementsToN3(metadata));
+  }
 
-            if (lastLength < indent * level + 4 || // if new line not necessary
-            lastLength + branch.length + 1 < width && ';.'.indexOf(str[str.length - 2]) < 0) {
-              // or the string fits on last line
-              str = str.slice(0, -1) + ' ' + branch + '\n'; // then continue on this line
+  // ////////////////////////////////////////////// XML serialization
 
-              lastLength += branch.length + 1;
-            } else {
-              var _line = spaces(indent * level) + branch;
+  statementsToXML(sts) {
+    var indent = 4;
+    var width = 80;
+    var namespaceCounts = []; // which have been used
+    namespaceCounts['http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#'] = true;
+    var liPrefix = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_'; // prefix for ordered list items
 
-              str += _line + '\n';
-              lastLength = _line.length;
+    // //////////////////////// Arrange the bits of XML text
 
-              if (level < 0) {
-                str += '\n'; // extra blank line
+    var spaces = function (n) {
+      var s = '';
+      for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) s += ' ';
+      return s;
+    };
+    var XMLtreeToLine = function (tree) {
+      var str = '';
+      for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) {
+        var branch = tree[i];
+        var s2 = typeof branch === 'string' ? branch : XMLtreeToLine(branch);
+        str += s2;
+      }
+      return str;
+    };
 
-                lastLength = 100000; // don't touch
-              }
+    // Convert a nested tree of lists and strings to a string
+    var XMLtreeToString = function (tree, level) {
+      var str = '';
+      var line;
+      var lastLength = 100000;
+      if (!level) level = 0;
+      for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) {
+        var branch = tree[i];
+        if (typeof branch !== 'string') {
+          var substr = XMLtreeToString(branch, level + 1);
+          if (substr.length < 10 * (width - indent * level) && substr.indexOf('"""') < 0) {
+            // Don't mess up multiline strings
+            line = XMLtreeToLine(branch);
+            if (line.length < width - indent * level) {
+              branch = '   ' + line; //   @@ Hack: treat as string below
+              substr = '';
             }
           }
+          if (substr) lastLength = 10000;
+          str += substr;
         }
-
-        return str;
-      }; // //////////////////////////////////////////// Structure for N3
-      // Convert a set of statements into a nested tree of lists and strings
-
-
-      function statementListToTreeMethod(statements) {
-        var stats = this.rootSubjects(statements);
-        var roots = stats.roots;
-        var results = [];
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < roots.length; i++) {
-          var root = roots[i];
-          results.push(subjectTree(root, stats));
+        if (typeof branch === 'string') {
+          if (lastLength < indent * level + 4) {
+            // continue
+            str = str.slice(0, -1) + ' ' + branch + '\n';
+            lastLength += branch.length + 1;
+          } else {
+            line = spaces(indent * level) + branch;
+            str += line + '\n';
+            lastLength = line.length;
+          }
+        } else {// not string
         }
-
-        return results;
       }
-
-      var statementListToTree = statementListToTreeMethod.bind(this); // The tree for a subject
-
-      function subjectTree(subject, stats) {
-        if (subject.termType === 'BlankNode' && !stats.incoming[subject]) {
-          return objectTree(subject, stats, true).concat(['.']); // Anonymous bnode subject
+      return str;
+    };
+    function statementListToXMLTreeMethod(statements) {
+      this.suggestPrefix('rdf', 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#');
+      var stats = this.rootSubjects(statements);
+      var roots = stats.roots;
+      var results = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < roots.length; i++) {
+        var root = roots[i];
+        results.push(subjectXMLTree(root, stats));
+      }
+      return results;
+    }
+    var statementListToXMLTree = statementListToXMLTreeMethod.bind(this);
+    function escapeForXML(str) {
+      if (typeof str === 'undefined') return '@@@undefined@@@@';
+      return str.replace(/[&<"]/g, function (m) {
+        switch (m[0]) {
+          case '&':
+            return '&amp;';
+          case '<':
+            return '&lt;';
+          case '"':
+            return '&quot;';
+          // '
         }
+      });
+    }
 
-        return [termToN3(subject, stats)].concat([propertyTree(subject, stats)]).concat(['.']);
-      } // The property tree for a single subject or anonymous node
-
-
-      function propertyTreeMethod(subject, stats) {
-        var results = [];
-        var lastPred = null;
-        var sts = stats.subjects[this.toStr(subject)] || []; // relevant statements
+    function relURIMethod(term) {
+      return escapeForXML(this.base ? Util.uri.refTo(this.base, term.uri) : term.uri);
+    }
+    var relURI = relURIMethod.bind(this);
+
+    // The tree for a subject
+    function subjectXMLTreeMethod(subject, stats) {
+      var results = [];
+      var type, t, st, pred;
+      var sts = stats.subjects[this.toStr(subject)]; // relevant statements
+      if (typeof sts === 'undefined') {
+        // empty bnode
+        return propertyXMLTree(subject, stats);
+      }
 
-        if (typeof sts === 'undefined') {
-          throw new Error('Cant find statements for ' + subject);
+      // Sort only on the predicate, leave the order at object
+      // level undisturbed.  This leaves multilingual content in
+      // the order of entry (for partner literals), which helps
+      // readability.
+      //
+      // For the predicate sort, we attempt to split the uri
+      // as a hint to the sequence
+      sts.sort(function (a, b) {
+        var ap = a.predicate.uri;
+        var bp = b.predicate.uri;
+        if (ap.substring(0, liPrefix.length) === liPrefix || bp.substring(0, liPrefix.length) === liPrefix) {
+          // we're only interested in sorting list items
+          return ap.localeCompare(bp);
         }
-
-        var objects = [];
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < sts.length; i++) {
-          var st = sts[i];
-
-          if (st.predicate.uri === lastPred) {
-            objects.push(',');
-          } else {
-            if (lastPred) {
-              results = results.concat([objects]).concat([';']);
-              objects = [];
-            }
-
-            results.push(predMap[st.predicate.uri] ? predMap[st.predicate.uri] : termToN3(st.predicate, stats));
-          }
-
-          lastPred = st.predicate.uri;
-          objects.push(objectTree(st.object, stats));
+        var as = ap.substring(liPrefix.length);
+        var bs = bp.substring(liPrefix.length);
+        var an = parseInt(as, 10);
+        var bn = parseInt(bs, 10);
+        if (isNaN(an) || isNaN(bn) || an !== as || bn !== bs) {
+          // we only care about integers
+          return ap.localeCompare(bp);
+        }
+        return an - bn;
+      });
+      for (var i = 0; i < sts.length; i++) {
+        st = sts[i];
+        // look for a type
+        if (st.predicate.uri === 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type' && !type && st.object.termType === 'NamedNode') {
+          type = st.object;
+          continue; // don't include it as a child element
         }
 
-        results = results.concat([objects]);
-        return results;
-      }
-
-      var propertyTree = propertyTreeMethod.bind(this);
-
-      function objectTreeMethod(obj, stats, force) {
-        if (obj.termType === 'BlankNode' && (force || stats.rootsHash[obj.toNT()] === undefined)) {
-          // if not a root
-          if (stats.subjects[this.toStr(obj)]) {
-            return ['[', propertyTree(obj, stats), ']'];
-          } else {
-            return '[]';
+        // see whether predicate can be replaced with "li"
+        pred = st.predicate;
+        if (pred.uri.substr(0, liPrefix.length) === liPrefix) {
+          var number = pred.uri.substr(liPrefix.length);
+          // make sure these are actually numeric list items
+          var intNumber = parseInt(number, 10);
+          if (number === intNumber.toString()) {
+            // was numeric; don't need to worry about ordering since we've already
+            // sorted the statements
+            pred = this.rdfFactory.namedNode('http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#li');
           }
         }
-
-        return termToN3(obj, stats);
-      }
-
-      var objectTree = objectTreeMethod.bind(this);
-
-      function termToN3Method(expr, stats) {
-        //
-        var i, res;
-
-        switch (expr.termType) {
-          case 'Graph':
-            res = ['{'];
-            res = res.concat(statementListToTree(expr.statements));
-            return res.concat(['}']);
-
-          case 'Collection':
-            res = ['('];
-
-            for (i = 0; i < expr.elements.length; i++) {
-              res.push([objectTree(expr.elements[i], stats)]);
+        t = qname(pred);
+        switch (st.object.termType) {
+          case 'BlankNode':
+            if (stats.incoming[st.object].length === 1) {
+              // there should always be something in the incoming array for a bnode
+              results = results.concat(['<' + t + ' rdf:parseType="Resource">', subjectXMLTree(st.object, stats), '</' + t + '>']);
+            } else {
+              results = results.concat(['<' + t + ' rdf:nodeID="' + st.object.toNT().slice(2) + '"/>']);
             }
-
-            res.push(')');
-            return res;
-
+            break;
+          case 'NamedNode':
+            results = results.concat(['<' + t + ' rdf:resource="' + relURI(st.object) + '"/>']);
+            break;
+          case 'Literal':
+            results = results.concat(['<' + t + (st.object.datatype.equals(this.xsd.string) ? '' : ' rdf:datatype="' + escapeForXML(st.object.datatype.uri) + '"') + (st.object.language ? ' xml:lang="' + st.object.language + '"' : '') + '>' + escapeForXML(st.object.value) + '</' + t + '>']);
+            break;
+          case 'Collection':
+            results = results.concat(['<' + t + ' rdf:parseType="Collection">', collectionXMLTree(st.object, stats), '</' + t + '>']);
+            break;
           default:
-            return this.atomicTermToN3(expr);
-        }
+            throw new Error("Can't serialize object of type " + st.object.termType + ' into XML');
+        } // switch
       }
 
-      Serializer.prototype.termToN3 = termToN3;
-      var termToN3 = termToN3Method.bind(this);
-
-      function prefixDirectivesMethod() {
-        var str = '';
-
-        if (this.defaultNamespace) {
-          str += '@prefix : ' + this.explicitURI(this.defaultNamespace) + '.\n';
-        }
-
-        for (var ns in this.prefixes) {
-          if (!this.prefixes.hasOwnProperty(ns)) continue;
-          if (!this.namespacesUsed[ns]) continue;
-          str += '@prefix ' + this.prefixes[ns] + ': ' + this.explicitURI(ns) + '.\n';
+      var tag = type ? qname(type) : 'rdf:Description';
+      var attrs = '';
+      if (subject.termType === 'BlankNode') {
+        if (!stats.incoming[subject] || stats.incoming[subject].length !== 1) {
+          // not an anonymous bnode
+          attrs = ' rdf:nodeID="' + subject.toNT().slice(2) + '"';
         }
-
-        return str + '\n';
+      } else {
+        attrs = ' rdf:about="' + relURI(subject) + '"';
       }
+      return ['<' + tag + attrs + '>'].concat([results]).concat(['</' + tag + '>']);
+    }
+    var subjectXMLTree = subjectXMLTreeMethod.bind(this);
+    function collectionXMLTree(subject, stats) {
+      var res = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < subject.elements.length; i++) {
+        res.push(subjectXMLTree(subject.elements[i], stats));
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
 
-      var prefixDirectives = prefixDirectivesMethod.bind(this); // Body of statementsToN3:
-
-      var tree = statementListToTree(sts);
-      return prefixDirectives() + treeToString(tree);
-    } // //////////////////////////////////////////// Atomic Terms
-    //  Deal with term level things and nesting with no bnode structure
-
-  }, {
-    key: "atomicTermToN3",
-    value: function atomicTermToN3(expr, stats) {
-      switch (expr.termType) {
-        case 'BlankNode':
-        case 'Variable':
-          return expr.toNT();
-
-        case 'Literal':
-          var val = expr.value;
-
-          if (typeof val !== 'string') {
-            throw new TypeError('Value of RDF literal node must be a string');
-          } // var val = expr.value.toString() // should be a string already
-
-
-          if (expr.datatype && this.flags.indexOf('x') < 0) {
-            // Supress native numbers
-            switch (expr.datatype.uri) {
-              case 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer':
-                return val;
-
-              case 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal':
-                // In Turtle, must have dot
-                if (val.indexOf('.') < 0) val += '.0';
-                return val;
-
-              case 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double':
-                {
-                  // Must force use of 'e'
-                  var eNotation = val.toLowerCase().indexOf('e') > 0;
-                  if (val.indexOf('.') < 0 && !eNotation) val += '.0';
-                  if (!eNotation) val += 'e0';
-                  return val;
-                }
-
-              case 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean':
-                return expr.value === '1' ? 'true' : 'false';
+    // The property tree for a single subject or anonymos node
+    function propertyXMLTreeMethod(subject, stats) {
+      var results = [];
+      var sts = stats.subjects[this.toStr(subject)]; // relevant statements
+      if (!sts) return results; // No relevant statements
+      sts.sort();
+      for (var i = 0; i < sts.length; i++) {
+        var st = sts[i];
+        switch (st.object.termType) {
+          case 'BlankNode':
+            if (stats.rootsHash[st.object.toNT()]) {
+              // This bnode has been done as a root -- no content here @@ what bout first time
+              results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + ' rdf:nodeID="' + st.object.toNT().slice(2) + '">', '</' + qname(st.predicate) + '>']);
+            } else {
+              results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + ' rdf:parseType="Resource">', propertyXMLTree(st.object, stats), '</' + qname(st.predicate) + '>']);
             }
-          }
-
-          var str = this.stringToN3(expr.value);
-
-          if (expr.language) {
-            str += '@' + expr.language;
-          } else if (!expr.datatype.equals(this.xsd.string)) {
-            str += '^^' + this.atomicTermToN3(expr.datatype, stats);
-          }
-
-          return str;
-
-        case 'NamedNode':
-          return this.symbolToN3(expr);
-
-        case 'DefaultGraph':
-          return '';
-
-        default:
-          throw new Error('Internal: atomicTermToN3 cannot handle ' + expr + ' of termType: ' + expr.termType);
+            break;
+          case 'NamedNode':
+            results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + ' rdf:resource="' + relURI(st.object) + '"/>']);
+            break;
+          case 'Literal':
+            results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + (st.object.datatype.equals(this.xsd.string) ? '' : ' rdf:datatype="' + escapeForXML(st.object.datatype.value) + '"') + (st.object.language ? ' xml:lang="' + st.object.language + '"' : '') + '>' + escapeForXML(st.object.value) + '</' + qname(st.predicate) + '>']);
+            break;
+          case 'Collection':
+            results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + ' rdf:parseType="Collection">', collectionXMLTree(st.object, stats), '</' + qname(st.predicate) + '>']);
+            break;
+          default:
+            throw new Error("Can't serialize object of type " + st.object.termType + ' into XML');
+        } // switch
       }
-    } //  stringToN3:  String escaping for N3
 
-  }, {
-    key: "stringToN3",
-    value: function stringToN3(str, flags) {
-      if (!flags) flags = 'e';
-      var res = '';
-      var i, j, k;
-      var delim;
-      var forbidden;
-
-      if (str.length > 20 && // Long enough to make sense
-      str.slice(-1) !== '"' && // corner case'
-      flags.indexOf('n') < 0 && ( // Force single line
-      str.indexOf('\n') > 0 || str.indexOf('"') > 0)) {
-        delim = '"""';
-        forbidden = this.forbidden3;
-      } else {
-        delim = '"';
-        forbidden = this.forbidden1;
+      return results;
+    }
+    var propertyXMLTree = propertyXMLTreeMethod.bind(this);
+    function qnameMethod(term) {
+      var uri = term.uri;
+      var j = uri.indexOf('#');
+      if (j < 0 && this.flags.indexOf('/') < 0) {
+        j = uri.lastIndexOf('/');
       }
-
-      for (i = 0; i < str.length;) {
-        forbidden.lastIndex = 0;
-        var m = forbidden.exec(str.slice(i));
-        if (m == null) break;
-        j = i + forbidden.lastIndex - 1;
-        res += str.slice(i, j);
-        var ch = str[j];
-
-        if (ch === '"' && delim === '"""' && str.slice(j, j + 3) !== '"""') {
-          res += ch;
-        } else {
-          k = '\b\f\r\t\v\n\\"'.indexOf(ch); // No escaping of bell (7)?
-
-          if (k >= 0) {
-            res += '\\' + 'bfrtvn\\"'[k];
-          } else {
-            if (flags.indexOf('e') >= 0) {
-              // Unicode escaping in strings not unix style
-              res += "\\u" + ('000' + ch.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toLowerCase()).slice(-4);
-            } else {
-              // no 'e' flag
-              res += ch;
-            }
-          }
+      if (j < 0) throw new Error('Cannot make qname out of <' + uri + '>');
+      for (var k = j + 1; k < uri.length; k++) {
+        if (this._notNameChars.indexOf(uri[k]) >= 0) {
+          throw new Error('Invalid character "' + uri[k] + '" cannot be in XML qname for URI: ' + uri);
         }
-
-        i = j + 1;
       }
+      var localid = uri.slice(j + 1);
+      var namesp = uri.slice(0, j + 1);
+      if (this.defaultNamespace && this.defaultNamespace === namesp && this.flags.indexOf('d') < 0) {
+        // d -> suppress default
+        return localid;
+      }
+      var prefix = this.prefixes[namesp];
+      if (!prefix) prefix = this.makeUpPrefix(namesp);
+      namespaceCounts[namesp] = true;
+      return prefix + ':' + localid;
+    }
+    var qname = qnameMethod.bind(this);
 
-      return delim + res + str.slice(i) + delim;
-    } //  A single symbol, either in  <> or namespace notation
+    // Body of toXML:
 
-  }, {
-    key: "symbolToN3",
-    value: function symbolToN3(x) {
-      // c.f. symbolString() in notation3.py
-      var uri = x.uri;
+    var tree = statementListToXMLTree(sts);
+    var str = '<rdf:RDF';
+    if (this.defaultNamespace) {
+      str += ' xmlns="' + escapeForXML(this.defaultNamespace) + '"';
+    }
+    for (var ns in namespaceCounts) {
+      if (!namespaceCounts.hasOwnProperty(ns)) continue;
+      // Rel uris in xml ns is not strictly allowed in the XMLNS spec but needed in practice often
+      var ns2 = this.base && this.flags.includes('z') ? Util.uri.refTo(this.base, ns) : ns;
+      str += '\n xmlns:' + this.prefixes[ns] + '="' + escapeForXML(ns2) + '"';
+    }
+    str += '>';
+    var tree2 = [str, tree, '</rdf:RDF>']; // @@ namespace declrations
+    return XMLtreeToString(tree2, -1);
+  } // End @@ body
+
+  statementsToJsonld(sts) {
+    // find all @context prefix except base
+    function contextMethod(n3String) {
+      let prefixes = new Set();
+      const regex = /<(.*?)>/g;
+      n3String.match(regex).map(string => {
+        const uri = string.slice(1).slice(0, -1);
+        if (uri.includes('//') && (!this.base || !uri.includes(this.base))) prefixes.add(addPrefix(uri));
+      });
+      let context = `{ `;
+      const test = [...prefixes].map(term => {
+        context += `${term},`;
+      });
+      return context.slice(0, -1) + `}`;
+    }
+    function addPrefixMethod(uri) {
       var j = uri.indexOf('#');
-
-      if (j < 0 && this.flags.indexOf('/') < 0) {
+      if (j < 0) {
         j = uri.lastIndexOf('/');
       }
-
-      if (j >= 0 && this.flags.indexOf('p') < 0 && ( // Can split at namespace but only if http[s]: URI or file: or ws[s] (why not others?)
+      if (j >= 0 && (
+      // Can split at namespace but only if http[s]: URI or file: or ws[s] (why not others?)
       uri.indexOf('http') === 0 || uri.indexOf('ws') === 0 || uri.indexOf('file') === 0)) {
         var canSplit = true;
-
         for (var k = j + 1; k < uri.length; k++) {
           if (this._notNameChars.indexOf(uri[k]) >= 0) {
             canSplit = false;
             break;
           }
         }
-        /*
-              if (uri.slice(0, j + 1) === this.base + '#') { // base-relative
-                if (canSplit) {
-                  return ':' + uri.slice(j + 1) // assume deafult ns is local
-                } else {
-                  return '<#' + uri.slice(j + 1) + '>'
-                }
-              }
-        */
-
-
         if (canSplit) {
           var localid = uri.slice(j + 1);
           var namesp = uri.slice(0, j + 1);
-
-          if (this.defaultNamespace && this.defaultNamespace === namesp && this.flags.indexOf('d') < 0) {
-            // d -> suppress default
-            if (this.flags.indexOf('k') >= 0 && this.keyords.indexOf(localid) < 0) {
-              return localid;
-            }
-
-            return ':' + localid;
-          } // this.checkIntegrity() //  @@@ Remove when not testing
-
-
           var prefix = this.prefixes[namesp];
           if (!prefix) prefix = this.makeUpPrefix(namesp);
-
           if (prefix) {
-            this.namespacesUsed[namesp] = true;
-            return prefix + ':' + localid;
-          } // Fall though if can't do qname
-
-        }
-      }
-
-      return this.explicitURI(uri);
-    } // /////////////////////////// Quad store serialization
-    // @para. write  - a function taking a single string to be output
-    //
-
-  }, {
-    key: "writeStore",
-    value: function writeStore(write) {
-      var kb = this.store;
-      var fetcher = kb.fetcher;
-      var session = fetcher && fetcher.appNode; // The core data
-
-      var sources = this.store.index[3];
-
-      for (var s in sources) {
-        // -> assume we can use -> as short for log:semantics
-        var source = kb.fromNT(s);
-        if (session && source.equals(session)) continue;
-        write('\n' + this.atomicTermToN3(source) + ' ' + this.atomicTermToN3(kb.sym('http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#semantics')) + ' { ' + this.statementsToN3(kb.statementsMatching(undefined, undefined, undefined, source)) + ' }.\n');
-      } // The metadata from HTTP interactions:
-
-
-      kb.statementsMatching(undefined, kb.sym('http://www.w3.org/2007/ont/link#requestedURI')).map(function (st) {
-        write('\n<' + st.object.value + '> log:metadata {\n');
-        var sts = kb.statementsMatching(undefined, undefined, undefined, st.subject);
-        write(this.statementsToN3(this.statementsToN3(sts)));
-        write('}.\n');
-      }); // Inferences we have made ourselves not attributable to anyone else
-
-      var metaSources = [];
-      if (session) metaSources.push(session);
-      var metadata = [];
-      metaSources.map(function (source) {
-        metadata = metadata.concat(kb.statementsMatching(undefined, undefined, undefined, source));
-      });
-      write(this.statementsToN3(metadata));
-    } // ////////////////////////////////////////////// XML serialization
-
-  }, {
-    key: "statementsToXML",
-    value: function statementsToXML(sts) {
-      var indent = 4;
-      var width = 80;
-      var namespaceCounts = []; // which have been used
-
-      namespaceCounts['http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#'] = true;
-      var liPrefix = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_'; // prefix for ordered list items
-      // //////////////////////// Arrange the bits of XML text
-
-      var spaces = function spaces(n) {
-        var s = '';
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-          s += ' ';
-        }
-
-        return s;
-      };
-
-      var XMLtreeToLine = function XMLtreeToLine(tree) {
-        var str = '';
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) {
-          var branch = tree[i];
-          var s2 = typeof branch === 'string' ? branch : XMLtreeToLine(branch);
-          str += s2;
-        }
-
-        return str;
-      }; // Convert a nested tree of lists and strings to a string
-
-
-      var XMLtreeToString = function XMLtreeToString(tree, level) {
-        var str = '';
-        var line;
-        var lastLength = 100000;
-        if (!level) level = 0;
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) {
-          var branch = tree[i];
-
-          if (typeof branch !== 'string') {
-            var substr = XMLtreeToString(branch, level + 1);
-
-            if (substr.length < 10 * (width - indent * level) && substr.indexOf('"""') < 0) {
-              // Don't mess up multiline strings
-              line = XMLtreeToLine(branch);
-
-              if (line.length < width - indent * level) {
-                branch = '   ' + line; //   @@ Hack: treat as string below
-
-                substr = '';
-              }
-            }
-
-            if (substr) lastLength = 10000;
-            str += substr;
-          }
-
-          if (typeof branch === 'string') {
-            if (lastLength < indent * level + 4) {
-              // continue
-              str = str.slice(0, -1) + ' ' + branch + '\n';
-              lastLength += branch.length + 1;
-            } else {
-              line = spaces(indent * level) + branch;
-              str += line + '\n';
-              lastLength = line.length;
-            }
-          } else {// not string
+            return `"${prefix}": "${namesp}"`;
           }
         }
-
-        return str;
-      };
-
-      function statementListToXMLTreeMethod(statements) {
-        this.suggestPrefix('rdf', 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#');
-        var stats = this.rootSubjects(statements);
-        var roots = stats.roots;
-        var results = [];
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < roots.length; i++) {
-          var root = roots[i];
-          results.push(subjectXMLTree(root, stats));
-        }
-
-        return results;
-      }
-
-      var statementListToXMLTree = statementListToXMLTreeMethod.bind(this);
-
-      function escapeForXML(str) {
-        if (typeof str === 'undefined') return '@@@undefined@@@@';
-        return str.replace(/[&<"]/g, function (m) {
-          switch (m[0]) {
-            case '&':
-              return '&amp;';
-
-            case '<':
-              return '&lt;';
-
-            case '"':
-              return '&quot;';
-            // '
-          }
-        });
-      }
-
-      function relURIMethod(term) {
-        return escapeForXML(this.base ? Util.uri.refTo(this.base, term.uri) : term.uri);
-      }
-
-      var relURI = relURIMethod.bind(this); // The tree for a subject
-
-      function subjectXMLTreeMethod(subject, stats) {
-        var results = [];
-        var type, t, st, pred;
-        var sts = stats.subjects[this.toStr(subject)]; // relevant statements
-
-        if (typeof sts === 'undefined') {
-          // empty bnode
-          return propertyXMLTree(subject, stats);
-        } // Sort only on the predicate, leave the order at object
-        // level undisturbed.  This leaves multilingual content in
-        // the order of entry (for partner literals), which helps
-        // readability.
-        //
-        // For the predicate sort, we attempt to split the uri
-        // as a hint to the sequence
-
-
-        sts.sort(function (a, b) {
-          var ap = a.predicate.uri;
-          var bp = b.predicate.uri;
-
-          if (ap.substring(0, liPrefix.length) === liPrefix || bp.substring(0, liPrefix.length) === liPrefix) {
-            // we're only interested in sorting list items
-            return ap.localeCompare(bp);
-          }
-
-          var as = ap.substring(liPrefix.length);
-          var bs = bp.substring(liPrefix.length);
-          var an = parseInt(as, 10);
-          var bn = parseInt(bs, 10);
-
-          if (isNaN(an) || isNaN(bn) || an !== as || bn !== bs) {
-            // we only care about integers
-            return ap.localeCompare(bp);
-          }
-
-          return an - bn;
-        });
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < sts.length; i++) {
-          st = sts[i]; // look for a type
-
-          if (st.predicate.uri === 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type' && !type && st.object.termType === 'NamedNode') {
-            type = st.object;
-            continue; // don't include it as a child element
-          } // see whether predicate can be replaced with "li"
-
-
-          pred = st.predicate;
-
-          if (pred.uri.substr(0, liPrefix.length) === liPrefix) {
-            var number = pred.uri.substr(liPrefix.length); // make sure these are actually numeric list items
-
-            var intNumber = parseInt(number, 10);
-
-            if (number === intNumber.toString()) {
-              // was numeric; don't need to worry about ordering since we've already
-              // sorted the statements
-              pred = this.rdfFactory.namedNode('http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#li');
-            }
-          }
-
-          t = qname(pred);
-
-          switch (st.object.termType) {
-            case 'BlankNode':
-              if (stats.incoming[st.object].length === 1) {
-                // there should always be something in the incoming array for a bnode
-                results = results.concat(['<' + t + ' rdf:parseType="Resource">', subjectXMLTree(st.object, stats), '</' + t + '>']);
-              } else {
-                results = results.concat(['<' + t + ' rdf:nodeID="' + st.object.toNT().slice(2) + '"/>']);
-              }
-
-              break;
-
-            case 'NamedNode':
-              results = results.concat(['<' + t + ' rdf:resource="' + relURI(st.object) + '"/>']);
-              break;
-
-            case 'Literal':
-              results = results.concat(['<' + t + (st.object.datatype.equals(this.xsd.string) ? '' : ' rdf:datatype="' + escapeForXML(st.object.datatype.uri) + '"') + (st.object.language ? ' xml:lang="' + st.object.language + '"' : '') + '>' + escapeForXML(st.object.value) + '</' + t + '>']);
-              break;
-
-            case 'Collection':
-              results = results.concat(['<' + t + ' rdf:parseType="Collection">', collectionXMLTree(st.object, stats), '</' + t + '>']);
-              break;
-
-            default:
-              throw new Error("Can't serialize object of type " + st.object.termType + ' into XML');
-          } // switch
-
-        }
-
-        var tag = type ? qname(type) : 'rdf:Description';
-        var attrs = '';
-
-        if (subject.termType === 'BlankNode') {
-          if (!stats.incoming[subject] || stats.incoming[subject].length !== 1) {
-            // not an anonymous bnode
-            attrs = ' rdf:nodeID="' + subject.toNT().slice(2) + '"';
-          }
-        } else {
-          attrs = ' rdf:about="' + relURI(subject) + '"';
-        }
-
-        return ['<' + tag + attrs + '>'].concat([results]).concat(['</' + tag + '>']);
       }
-
-      var subjectXMLTree = subjectXMLTreeMethod.bind(this);
-
-      function collectionXMLTree(subject, stats) {
-        var res = [];
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < subject.elements.length; i++) {
-          res.push(subjectXMLTree(subject.elements[i], stats));
-        }
-
-        return res;
-      } // The property tree for a single subject or anonymos node
-
-
-      function propertyXMLTreeMethod(subject, stats) {
-        var results = [];
-        var sts = stats.subjects[this.toStr(subject)]; // relevant statements
-
-        if (!sts) return results; // No relevant statements
-
-        sts.sort();
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < sts.length; i++) {
-          var st = sts[i];
-
-          switch (st.object.termType) {
-            case 'BlankNode':
-              if (stats.rootsHash[st.object.toNT()]) {
-                // This bnode has been done as a root -- no content here @@ what bout first time
-                results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + ' rdf:nodeID="' + st.object.toNT().slice(2) + '">', '</' + qname(st.predicate) + '>']);
-              } else {
-                results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + ' rdf:parseType="Resource">', propertyXMLTree(st.object, stats), '</' + qname(st.predicate) + '>']);
-              }
-
-              break;
-
-            case 'NamedNode':
-              results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + ' rdf:resource="' + relURI(st.object) + '"/>']);
-              break;
-
-            case 'Literal':
-              results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + (st.object.datatype.equals(this.xsd.string) ? '' : ' rdf:datatype="' + escapeForXML(st.object.datatype.value) + '"') + (st.object.language ? ' xml:lang="' + st.object.language + '"' : '') + '>' + escapeForXML(st.object.value) + '</' + qname(st.predicate) + '>']);
-              break;
-
-            case 'Collection':
-              results = results.concat(['<' + qname(st.predicate) + ' rdf:parseType="Collection">', collectionXMLTree(st.object, stats), '</' + qname(st.predicate) + '>']);
-              break;
-
-            default:
-              throw new Error("Can't serialize object of type " + st.object.termType + ' into XML');
-          } // switch
-
-        }
-
-        return results;
-      }
-
-      var propertyXMLTree = propertyXMLTreeMethod.bind(this);
-
-      function qnameMethod(term) {
-        var uri = term.uri;
-        var j = uri.indexOf('#');
-
-        if (j < 0 && this.flags.indexOf('/') < 0) {
-          j = uri.lastIndexOf('/');
-        }
-
-        if (j < 0) throw new Error('Cannot make qname out of <' + uri + '>');
-
-        for (var k = j + 1; k < uri.length; k++) {
-          if (this._notNameChars.indexOf(uri[k]) >= 0) {
-            throw new Error('Invalid character "' + uri[k] + '" cannot be in XML qname for URI: ' + uri);
-          }
-        }
-
-        var localid = uri.slice(j + 1);
-        var namesp = uri.slice(0, j + 1);
-
-        if (this.defaultNamespace && this.defaultNamespace === namesp && this.flags.indexOf('d') < 0) {
-          // d -> suppress default
-          return localid;
-        }
-
-        var prefix = this.prefixes[namesp];
-        if (!prefix) prefix = this.makeUpPrefix(namesp);
-        namespaceCounts[namesp] = true;
-        return prefix + ':' + localid;
-      }
-
-      var qname = qnameMethod.bind(this); // Body of toXML:
-
-      var tree = statementListToXMLTree(sts);
-      var str = '<rdf:RDF';
-
-      if (this.defaultNamespace) {
-        str += ' xmlns="' + escapeForXML(this.defaultNamespace) + '"';
+    }
+    function makeRelativeMethod(jsonldString) {
+      if (this.base.includes('#')) throw new Error(`${this.base} must be an URL, it is an URI`);
+      const id = '"@id": "'; // find URI
+      const regex = new RegExp(id + this.base, 'g');
+      let result,
+        indices = [];
+      // store indices at begin and end of URI
+      while (result = regex.exec(jsonldString)) {
+        indices.push(result.index + id.length);
+        indices.push(jsonldString.indexOf('"', result.index + id.length));
       }
-
-      for (var ns in namespaceCounts) {
-        if (!namespaceCounts.hasOwnProperty(ns)) continue; // Rel uris in xml ns is not strictly allowed in the XMLNS spec but needed in practice often
-
-        var ns2 = this.base && this.flags.includes('z') ? Util.uri.refTo(this.base, ns) : ns;
-        str += '\n xmlns:' + this.prefixes[ns] + '="' + escapeForXML(ns2) + '"';
+      for (let i = indices.length - 2; i >= 0; i = i - 2) {
+        const idUri = jsonldString.substring(indices[i], indices[i + 1]);
+        jsonldString = jsonldString.replace(idUri, Uri.refTo(this.base, idUri));
       }
+      return jsonldString;
+    }
+    const addPrefix = addPrefixMethod.bind(this);
+    const context = contextMethod.bind(this);
+    const makeRelative = makeRelativeMethod.bind(this);
+    const n3String = this.statementsToNTriples(sts);
+    let contextObj = JSON.parse(context(n3String));
+    return jsonld.fromRDF(n3String, {
+      format: 'application/n-quads'
+    }).then(jsonldObj => {
+      return jsonld.compact(jsonldObj, contextObj);
+    })
+    // TODO collections, compact do not do it on rdf:first rdf:rest
+    .then(jsonldCompactObj => {
+      return JSON.stringify(jsonldCompactObj, null, 2);
+    }).then(jsonldString => {
+      return makeRelative(jsonldString);
+    }).catch(e => {
+      throw e;
+    });
+  }
+}
 
-      str += '>';
-      var tree2 = [str, tree, '</rdf:RDF>']; // @@ namespace declrations
-
-      return XMLtreeToString(tree2, -1);
-    } // End @@ body
-
-  }]);
-  return Serializer;
-}(); // String escaping utilities
-
-
+// String escaping utilities
 exports.Serializer = Serializer;
-
 function hexify(str) {
   // also used in parser
   return encodeURI(str);
 }
-
 function backslashUify(str) {
   var res = '';
   var k;
-
   for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
     k = str.charCodeAt(i);
-
     if (k > 65535) {
-      res += "\\U" + ('00000000' + k.toString(16)).slice(-8); // convert to upper?
+      res += '\\U' + ('00000000' + k.toString(16)).slice(-8); // convert to upper?
     } else if (k > 126) {
-      res += "\\u" + ('0000' + k.toString(16)).slice(-4);
+      res += '\\u' + ('0000' + k.toString(16)).slice(-4);
     } else {
       res += str[i];
     }
   }
-
   return res;
 }