rayzee 8.6.1 → 8.8.0

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "rayzee",
-  "version": "8.6.1",
+  "version": "8.8.0",
   "type": "module",
   "description": "Real-time WebGPU path tracing engine built on Three.js",
   "main": "dist/rayzee.umd.js",

package/src/EngineDefaults.js

@@ -198,6 +198,8 @@ export const ENGINE_DEFAULTS = {
 	// value only governs where a denoise is cheap. 8 ms measured 31 refreshes/sec at 512² at an
 	// unchanged sample rate; 50 ms measured 18/sec for nothing in return.
 	continuousDenoiseInterval: 8,
+	// While the view moves, feed OIDN the reprojected history of restarted frames, not one sample.
+	oidnTemporalHistory: true,
 
 	enableUpscaler: false,
 	upscalerScale: 2,

package/src/Passes/OIDNDenoiser.js

@@ -7,16 +7,16 @@ const log = createLogger( 'oidn' );
 // The tile alignment oidn-web's own fitTileDimension uses (its tileScheduler.js).
 const OIDN_TILE_ALIGNMENT = 16;
 
-let _initUNetFromURL = null;
-async function getInitUNetFromURL() {
+let _initUNetFromBuffer = null;
+async function getInitUNetFromBuffer() {
 
-	if ( ! _initUNetFromURL ) {
+	if ( ! _initUNetFromBuffer ) {
 
-		_initUNetFromURL = ( await import( 'oidn-web' ) ).initUNetFromURL;
+		_initUNetFromBuffer = ( await import( 'oidn-web' ) ).initUNetFromBuffer;
 
 	}
 
-	return _initUNetFromURL;
+	return _initUNetFromBuffer;
 
 }
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ export class OIDNDenoiser extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		// WebGPU GPU-native path (no CPU readback for inputs)
 		// backendParams: () => { device: GPUDevice, adapterInfo: GPUAdapterInfo|null }
-		// getGPUTextures: () => { color: GPUTexture, albedo: GPUTexture, normal: GPUTexture }
+		// getGPUTextures: ( { continuous } ) => { color: GPUTexture, albedo: GPUTexture, normal: GPUTexture }
 		this.backendParamsGetter = options.backendParams || null;
 		this.getGPUTextures = options.getGPUTextures || null;
 		this.gpuDevice = null;
@@ -263,6 +263,8 @@ export class OIDNDenoiser extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		this.currentTZAUrl = null;
 		this.unet = null;
+		// url → Promise<ArrayBuffer>, so a tier swap never downloads the model again.
+		this._weights = new Map();
 		// A start() requested while the UNet is still loading is deferred here and fired
 		// once loading finishes, instead of being silently dropped.
 		this._pendingStart = false;
@@ -420,9 +422,12 @@ export class OIDNDenoiser extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		this.dispatchEvent( { type: 'loading', message: 'Loading UNet denoiser...' } );
 
-		// Dispose previous instance
 		if ( this.unet ) {
 
+			// A tile already started still writes into the old network once its microtasks run;
+			// disposing under it submitted destroyed buffers.
+			if ( this.state.isDenoising ) this.state.abortController?.abort();
+			await new Promise( resolve => setTimeout( resolve, 0 ) );
 			this.unet.dispose();
 			this.unet = null;
 
@@ -439,8 +444,8 @@ export class OIDNDenoiser extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		}
 
-		const initFn = await getInitUNetFromURL();
-		this.unet = await initFn( tzaUrl, backendParams, {
+		const initFn = await getInitUNetFromBuffer();
+		this.unet = await initFn( await this._fetchWeights( tzaUrl ), backendParams, {
 			aux: true,
 			hdr: true,
 			maxTileSize: tileSize,
@@ -456,6 +461,26 @@ export class OIDNDenoiser extends EventDispatcher {
 
 	}
 
+	_fetchWeights( url ) {
+
+		let bytes = this._weights.get( url );
+		if ( ! bytes ) {
+
+			bytes = fetch( url ).then( res => {
+
+				if ( ! res.ok ) throw new Error( `HTTP ${ res.status } fetching ${ url }` );
+				return res.arrayBuffer();
+
+			} );
+			bytes.catch( () => this._weights.delete( url ) );
+			this._weights.set( url, bytes );
+
+		}
+
+		return bytes;
+
+	}
+
 	_generateTzaUrl() {
 
 		const { oidnWeightsBaseUrl } = getAssetConfig();
@@ -614,7 +639,7 @@ export class OIDNDenoiser extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		}
 
-		const textures = this.getGPUTextures();
+		const textures = this.getGPUTextures( { continuous } );
 		if ( ! textures?.color ) {
 
 			log.warn( 'GPU textures not ready yet' );
@@ -1253,6 +1278,7 @@ export class OIDNDenoiser extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		// Clear references
 		this.unet = null;
+		this._weights.clear();
 		this.state.abortController = null;
 
 		// Remove all event listeners

package/src/Passes/OIDNTemporalHistory.js

@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+import { GBUFFER_MISS_THRESHOLD } from '../EngineDefaults.js';
+
+/**
+ * History of the frames the path tracer restarted while the view moved, reprojected into the
+ * current view and handed to OIDN instead of a single fresh sample.
+ *
+ * OIDN reads spatially correlated noise as detail, so each pixel takes ONE history pixel (never a
+ * bilinear blend), and a history pixel several pixels picked has its length split between them.
+ * History length rides in albedo.w; colour.w stays the path tracer's alpha.
+ */
+
+export const HISTORY_DEFAULTS = Object.freeze( {
+	maxLength: 8,
+	// Reflections do not move with the surface.
+	smoothLength: 2,
+	roughStart: 0.45,
+	roughEnd: 0.7,
+	depthTolerance: 0.05,
+	normalTolerance: 0.8,
+	// A moved object's lighting changes as it moves, so its history lags like a reflection.
+	movedLength: 2,
+} );
+
+const WG = 8;
+const PARAMS_BYTES = 288;
+const MIN_MOVED_CAPACITY = 16;
+const FLAG_CLEAN_AUX = 1;
+const FLAG_SPLIT_COPIES = 2;
+const PICK_MOVED = 0x40000000;
+
+const COMMON_WGSL = /* wgsl */`
+struct Params {
+	size: vec2<u32>,
+	reset: u32,
+	flags: u32,
+	maxLength: f32,
+	smoothLength: f32,
+	depthTolerance: f32,
+	normalTolerance: f32,
+	roughStart: f32,
+	roughEnd: f32,
+	samples: f32,
+	historyScale: f32,
+	camWorld: mat4x4<f32>,
+	projInv: mat4x4<f32>,
+	prevViewProj: mat4x4<f32>,
+	prevCamPos: vec4<f32>,
+	moved: vec4<u32>,
+	movedLength: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> P: Params;
+
+fn finite3( v: vec3<f32> ) -> bool {
+	let e = bitcast<vec3<u32>>( v ) & vec3<u32>( 0x7f800000u );
+	return all( e != vec3<u32>( 0x7f800000u ) );
+}
+
+// [0,1]-encoded in and out, renormalised like FinalWrite's clean aux.
+fn mixNormal( h: vec3<f32>, c: vec3<f32>, t: f32 ) -> vec3<f32> {
+	let m = mix( h * 2.0 - 1.0, c * 2.0 - 1.0, t );
+	let l = length( m );
+	return select( c, m / l * 0.5 + 0.5, l > 1e-4 );
+}
+`;
+
+const SELECT_WGSL = COMMON_WGSL + /* wgsl */`
+@group(0) @binding(1) var geoCur: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(2) var geoPrev: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> picked: array<i32>;
+@group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> copies: array<atomic<u32>>;
+@group(0) @binding(5) var instanceLeaf: texture_2d<u32>;
+@group(0) @binding(6) var<storage, read> movedLeaves: array<u32>;
+@group(0) @binding(7) var<storage, read> movedToPrev: array<mat4x4<f32>>;
+
+fn movedIndex( leaf: u32 ) -> i32 {
+
+	var lo = 0u;
+	var hi = P.moved.x;
+	loop {
+
+		if ( lo >= hi ) { break; }
+		let mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2u;
+		let v = movedLeaves[ mid ];
+		if ( v == leaf ) { return i32( mid ); }
+		if ( v < leaf ) { lo = mid + 1u; } else { hi = mid; }
+
+	}
+	return -1;
+
+}
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(${ WG }, ${ WG })
+fn main( @builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32> ) {
+
+	if ( gid.x >= P.size.x || gid.y >= P.size.y ) { return; }
+
+	let g = textureLoad( geoCur, vec2<i32>( gid.xy ), 0 );
+	var best = -1.0;
+	var pick = -1;
+	var movedFlag = 0;
+
+	if ( P.reset == 0u && g.w < ${ GBUFFER_MISS_THRESHOLD.toFixed( 1 ) } ) {
+
+		let size = vec2<f32>( P.size );
+		let uv = ( vec2<f32>( gid.xy ) + 0.5 ) / size;
+		let rc = P.projInv * vec4<f32>( uv.x * 2.0 - 1.0, 1.0 - uv.y * 2.0, 1.0, 1.0 );
+		let dir = normalize( ( P.camWorld * vec4<f32>( rc.xyz / rc.w, 0.0 ) ).xyz );
+		var wp = P.camWorld[ 3 ].xyz + dir * g.w;
+		var n = g.xyz * 2.0 - 1.0;
+
+		// A moved object's surface is looked for where the object was.
+		let leaf = textureLoad( instanceLeaf, vec2<i32>( gid.xy ), 0 ).x;
+		if ( leaf > 0u && P.moved.x > 0u ) {
+
+			let m = movedIndex( leaf - 1u );
+			if ( m >= 0 ) {
+
+				let toPrev = movedToPrev[ u32( m ) ];
+				wp = ( toPrev * vec4<f32>( wp, 1.0 ) ).xyz;
+				n = normalize( ( toPrev * vec4<f32>( n, 0.0 ) ).xyz );
+				movedFlag = ${ PICK_MOVED };
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		let clip = P.prevViewProj * vec4<f32>( wp, 1.0 );
+
+		if ( clip.w > 0.0 ) {
+
+			let pos = vec2<f32>( clip.x / clip.w * 0.5 + 0.5, 0.5 - clip.y / clip.w * 0.5 ) * size - 0.5;
+			let base = vec2<i32>( floor( pos ) );
+			let f = fract( pos );
+			let expected = length( wp - P.prevCamPos.xyz );
+
+			for ( var j = 0; j < 2; j++ ) {
+				for ( var i = 0; i < 2; i++ ) {
+
+					let q = base + vec2<i32>( i, j );
+					if ( any( q < vec2<i32>( 0 ) ) || any( q >= vec2<i32>( P.size ) ) ) { continue; }
+					let h = textureLoad( geoPrev, q, 0 );
+					if ( abs( h.w - expected ) >= P.depthTolerance * expected ) { continue; }
+					if ( dot( n, h.xyz * 2.0 - 1.0 ) <= P.normalTolerance ) { continue; }
+					let w = select( 1.0 - f.x, f.x, i == 1 ) * select( 1.0 - f.y, f.y, j == 1 );
+					if ( w > best ) { best = w; pick = q.y * i32( P.size.x ) + q.x; }
+
+				}
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	picked[ gid.y * P.size.x + gid.x ] = select( pick, pick | movedFlag, pick >= 0 );
+	if ( pick >= 0 ) { atomicAdd( &copies[ u32( pick ) ], 1u ); }
+
+}
+`;
+
+const BLEND_WGSL = COMMON_WGSL + /* wgsl */`
+@group(0) @binding(1) var curColor: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(2) var curAlbedo: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(3) var curNormal: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(4) var shading: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(5) var histColor: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(6) var histAlbedo: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(7) var histNormal: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(8) var<storage, read> picked: array<i32>;
+@group(0) @binding(9) var<storage, read> copies: array<u32>;
+@group(0) @binding(10) var outColor: texture_storage_2d<rgba32float, write>;
+@group(0) @binding(11) var outAlbedo: texture_storage_2d<rgba32float, write>;
+@group(0) @binding(12) var outNormal: texture_storage_2d<rgba32float, write>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(${ WG }, ${ WG })
+fn main( @builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32> ) {
+
+	if ( gid.x >= P.size.x || gid.y >= P.size.y ) { return; }
+
+	let p = vec2<i32>( gid.xy );
+	var cur = textureLoad( curColor, p, 0 );
+	if ( ! finite3( cur.xyz ) ) { cur = vec4<f32>( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, cur.w ); }
+	let ca = textureLoad( curAlbedo, p, 0 );
+	let cn = textureLoad( curNormal, p, 0 );
+
+	var len = 0.0;
+	var hc = cur.xyz;
+	var ha = ca.xyz;
+	var hn = cn.xyz;
+	let raw = picked[ gid.y * P.size.x + gid.x ];
+	let movedPx = raw >= 0 && ( raw & ${ PICK_MOVED } ) != 0;
+	let pick = select( raw, raw & ~${ PICK_MOVED }, raw >= 0 );
+
+	if ( pick >= 0 ) {
+
+		let q = vec2<i32>( pick % i32( P.size.x ), pick / i32( P.size.x ) );
+		let c = textureLoad( histColor, q, 0 ).xyz;
+
+		if ( finite3( c ) ) {
+
+			let a = textureLoad( histAlbedo, q, 0 );
+			hc = c;
+			ha = a.xyz;
+			hn = textureLoad( histNormal, q, 0 ).xyz;
+			len = a.w;
+			if ( ( P.flags & ${ FLAG_SPLIT_COPIES }u ) != 0u ) { len = len / f32( max( copies[ u32( pick ) ], 1u ) ); }
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	let rough = textureLoad( shading, p, 0 ).w;
+	var cap = mix( P.smoothLength, P.maxLength, smoothstep( P.roughStart, P.roughEnd, rough ) );
+	if ( movedPx ) { cap = min( cap, P.movedLength ); }
+	let newLen = min( len + 1.0, cap );
+	let t = 1.0 / newLen;
+
+	textureStore( outColor, p, vec4<f32>( mix( hc, cur.xyz, t ), cur.w ) );
+	textureStore( outAlbedo, p, vec4<f32>( mix( ha, ca.xyz, t ), newLen ) );
+	let n = select( cn.xyz, mixNormal( hn, cn.xyz, t ), ( P.flags & ${ FLAG_CLEAN_AUX }u ) != 0u );
+	textureStore( outNormal, p, vec4<f32>( n, cn.w ) );
+
+}
+`;
+
+// Sample-weighted mean of history and a still accumulation.
+const MERGE_WGSL = COMMON_WGSL + /* wgsl */`
+@group(0) @binding(1) var accColor: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(2) var accAlbedo: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(3) var accNormal: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(4) var histColor: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(5) var histAlbedo: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(6) var histNormal: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(7) var outColor: texture_storage_2d<rgba32float, write>;
+@group(0) @binding(8) var outAlbedo: texture_storage_2d<rgba32float, write>;
+@group(0) @binding(9) var outNormal: texture_storage_2d<rgba32float, write>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(${ WG }, ${ WG })
+fn main( @builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32> ) {
+
+	if ( gid.x >= P.size.x || gid.y >= P.size.y ) { return; }
+
+	let p = vec2<i32>( gid.xy );
+	let ac = textureLoad( accColor, p, 0 );
+	let aa = textureLoad( accAlbedo, p, 0 );
+	let an = textureLoad( accNormal, p, 0 );
+
+	var k = 0.0;
+	var hc = ac.xyz;
+	var ha = aa.xyz;
+	var hn = an.xyz;
+
+	if ( P.reset == 0u ) {
+
+		let c = textureLoad( histColor, p, 0 ).xyz;
+
+		if ( finite3( c ) ) {
+
+			let a = textureLoad( histAlbedo, p, 0 );
+			k = a.w * P.historyScale;
+			hc = c;
+			ha = a.xyz;
+			hn = textureLoad( histNormal, p, 0 ).xyz;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	let t = P.samples / max( k + P.samples, 1e-6 );
+	textureStore( outColor, p, vec4<f32>( mix( hc, ac.xyz, t ), ac.w ) );
+	textureStore( outAlbedo, p, vec4<f32>( mix( ha, aa.xyz, t ), min( k + P.samples, P.maxLength ) ) );
+	let n = select( an.xyz, mixNormal( hn, an.xyz, t ), ( P.flags & ${ FLAG_CLEAN_AUX }u ) != 0u );
+	textureStore( outNormal, p, vec4<f32>( n, an.w ) );
+
+}
+`;
+
+const texEntry = ( binding ) => ( { binding, visibility: GPUShaderStage.COMPUTE, texture: { sampleType: 'unfilterable-float' } } );
+const outEntry = ( binding ) => ( { binding, visibility: GPUShaderStage.COMPUTE, storageTexture: { access: 'write-only', format: 'rgba32float' } } );
+const bufEntry = ( binding, type ) => ( { binding, visibility: GPUShaderStage.COMPUTE, buffer: { type } } );
+
+export class OIDNTemporalHistory {
+
+	/** @param {GPUDevice} device */
+	constructor( device ) {
+
+		this.device = device;
+		this.settings = { ...HISTORY_DEFAULTS, cleanAux: false, splitCopies: true };
+		this.valid = false;
+		this.width = 0;
+		this.height = 0;
+
+		this._sets = null;
+		this._current = 0;
+		this._picked = null;
+		this._copies = null;
+		this._paramsBuffer = null;
+		this._pipelines = null;
+		this._movedLeaves = null;
+		this._movedToPrev = null;
+		this._movedCapacity = 0;
+		this._movedCount = 0;
+
+		this._paramData = new ArrayBuffer( PARAMS_BYTES );
+		this._paramU32 = new Uint32Array( this._paramData );
+		this._paramF32 = new Float32Array( this._paramData );
+		this._prevViewProj = new Float32Array( 16 );
+		this._prevCamPos = new Float32Array( 4 );
+
+	}
+
+	/** The history OIDN reads while the view moves, or null before the first frame. */
+	get textures() {
+
+		return this.valid ? this._sets[ this._current ] : null;
+
+	}
+
+	invalidate() {
+
+		this.valid = false;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Blends the frame just traced (a restart: one sample) into the reprojected history.
+	 * @param {Object} src - GPUTextures { color, albedo, normal, geo, geoPrev, shading, leaf } and { width, height }
+	 * @param {{ world: Float32Array, projInv: Float32Array, viewProj: Float32Array }} camera - of that frame
+	 * @param {?{ count: number, leaves: Uint32Array, toPrev: Float32Array }} [moved] - TLAS leaves
+	 *   (ascending) that moved since the last frame, with each one's current→previous world matrix
+	 */
+	accumulate( src, camera, moved = null ) {
+
+		if ( ! this._ensure( src.width, src.height ) ) return;
+
+		this._uploadMoved( moved );
+		this._writeParams( camera, ! this.valid, 0, 1 );
+		const from = this._sets[ this._current ];
+		const to = this._sets[ 1 - this._current ];
+		const { select, blend } = this._pipelines;
+
+		const encoder = this.device.createCommandEncoder( { label: 'oidn-history' } );
+		encoder.clearBuffer( this._copies );
+		this._dispatch( encoder, select, [
+			{ buffer: this._paramsBuffer }, src.geo, src.geoPrev, { buffer: this._picked }, { buffer: this._copies },
+			src.leaf, { buffer: this._movedLeaves }, { buffer: this._movedToPrev },
+		] );
+		this._dispatch( encoder, blend, [
+			{ buffer: this._paramsBuffer }, src.color, src.albedo, src.normal, src.shading,
+			from.color, from.albedo, from.normal, { buffer: this._picked }, { buffer: this._copies },
+			to.color, to.albedo, to.normal,
+		] );
+		this.device.queue.submit( [ encoder.finish() ] );
+
+		this._current = 1 - this._current;
+		this.valid = true;
+		this._rememberCamera( camera );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sample-weighted mean of the history and a still accumulation of `samples` frames.
+	 * @param {Object} src - as for accumulate; only colour, albedo and normal are read
+	 * @param {number} samples
+	 * @param {Object} camera - of the accumulation
+	 * @param {Object} [options]
+	 * @param {boolean} [options.commit] - make the result the history (a move is starting)
+	 * @param {boolean} [options.keepHistory] - false merges nothing in: the result is the accumulation
+	 * @param {number} [options.historyScale] - weight on the history's sample count
+	 * @returns {?{ color: GPUTexture, albedo: GPUTexture, normal: GPUTexture }}
+	 */
+	merge( src, samples, camera, { commit = false, keepHistory = true, historyScale = 1 } = {} ) {
+
+		if ( ! this._ensure( src.width, src.height ) ) return null;
+
+		this._writeParams( camera, ! this.valid || ! keepHistory, samples, historyScale );
+		const from = this._sets[ this._current ];
+		const to = this._sets[ 1 - this._current ];
+
+		const encoder = this.device.createCommandEncoder( { label: 'oidn-history-merge' } );
+		this._dispatch( encoder, this._pipelines.merge, [
+			{ buffer: this._paramsBuffer }, src.color, src.albedo, src.normal,
+			from.color, from.albedo, from.normal, to.color, to.albedo, to.normal,
+		] );
+		this.device.queue.submit( [ encoder.finish() ] );
+
+		if ( commit ) {
+
+			this._current = 1 - this._current;
+			this.valid = true;
+			this._rememberCamera( camera );
+
+		}
+
+		return to;
+
+	}
+
+	dispose() {
+
+		this._releaseTextures();
+		this._paramsBuffer?.destroy();
+		this._movedLeaves?.destroy();
+		this._movedToPrev?.destroy();
+		this._paramsBuffer = null;
+		this._movedLeaves = null;
+		this._movedToPrev = null;
+		this._movedCapacity = 0;
+		this._pipelines = null;
+
+	}
+
+	_ensure( width, height ) {
+
+		if ( ! width || ! height ) return false;
+		this._ensurePipelines();
+		if ( this._sets && this.width === width && this.height === height ) return true;
+
+		this._releaseTextures();
+
+		const device = this.device;
+		const usage = GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.COPY_SRC;
+		const make = ( label ) => device.createTexture( { label, size: { width, height }, format: 'rgba32float', usage } );
+		this._sets = [ 0, 1 ].map( i => ( {
+			color: make( `oidn-history-color-${ i }` ),
+			albedo: make( `oidn-history-albedo-${ i }` ),
+			normal: make( `oidn-history-normal-${ i }` ),
+		} ) );
+		this._picked = device.createBuffer( { label: 'oidn-history-picked', size: width * height * 4, usage: GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE } );
+		this._copies = device.createBuffer( { label: 'oidn-history-copies', size: width * height * 4, usage: GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST } );
+
+		this.width = width;
+		this.height = height;
+		this._current = 0;
+		this.valid = false;
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	_ensurePipelines() {
+
+		if ( this._pipelines ) return;
+
+		const device = this.device;
+		const build = ( label, code, entries ) => {
+
+			const layout = device.createBindGroupLayout( { label, entries } );
+			const pipeline = device.createComputePipeline( {
+				label,
+				layout: device.createPipelineLayout( { bindGroupLayouts: [ layout ] } ),
+				compute: { module: device.createShaderModule( { label, code } ), entryPoint: 'main' },
+			} );
+			return { pipeline, layout };
+
+		};
+
+		const uniform = bufEntry( 0, 'uniform' );
+		this._pipelines = {
+			select: build( 'oidn-history-select', SELECT_WGSL, [
+				uniform, texEntry( 1 ), texEntry( 2 ), bufEntry( 3, 'storage' ), bufEntry( 4, 'storage' ),
+				{ binding: 5, visibility: GPUShaderStage.COMPUTE, texture: { sampleType: 'uint' } },
+				bufEntry( 6, 'read-only-storage' ), bufEntry( 7, 'read-only-storage' ),
+			] ),
+			blend: build( 'oidn-history-blend', BLEND_WGSL, [
+				uniform, ...[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ].map( texEntry ),
+				bufEntry( 8, 'read-only-storage' ), bufEntry( 9, 'read-only-storage' ),
+				outEntry( 10 ), outEntry( 11 ), outEntry( 12 ),
+			] ),
+			merge: build( 'oidn-history-merge', MERGE_WGSL, [
+				uniform, ...[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ].map( texEntry ), outEntry( 7 ), outEntry( 8 ), outEntry( 9 ),
+			] ),
+		};
+
+		this._paramsBuffer = device.createBuffer( {
+			label: 'oidn-history-params',
+			size: PARAMS_BYTES,
+			usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST,
+		} );
+		this._growMoved( MIN_MOVED_CAPACITY );
+
+	}
+
+	_growMoved( capacity ) {
+
+		this._movedLeaves?.destroy();
+		this._movedToPrev?.destroy();
+		const usage = GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST;
+		this._movedLeaves = this.device.createBuffer( { label: 'oidn-history-moved-leaves', size: capacity * 4, usage } );
+		this._movedToPrev = this.device.createBuffer( { label: 'oidn-history-moved-matrices', size: capacity * 64, usage } );
+		this._movedCapacity = capacity;
+
+	}
+
+	_uploadMoved( moved ) {
+
+		this._movedCount = moved?.count ?? 0;
+		if ( ! this._movedCount ) return;
+		if ( this._movedCount > this._movedCapacity ) this._growMoved( Math.max( this._movedCount, this._movedCapacity * 2 ) );
+		this.device.queue.writeBuffer( this._movedLeaves, 0, moved.leaves, 0, this._movedCount );
+		this.device.queue.writeBuffer( this._movedToPrev, 0, moved.toPrev, 0, this._movedCount * 16 );
+
+	}
+
+	// Resources in binding order; GPUTextures get a view.
+	_dispatch( encoder, { pipeline, layout }, resources ) {
+
+		const entries = resources.map( ( r, binding ) => ( {
+			binding,
+			resource: r.buffer ? r : r.createView(),
+		} ) );
+		const pass = encoder.beginComputePass();
+		pass.setPipeline( pipeline );
+		pass.setBindGroup( 0, this.device.createBindGroup( { layout, entries } ) );
+		pass.dispatchWorkgroups( Math.ceil( this.width / WG ), Math.ceil( this.height / WG ) );
+		pass.end();
+
+	}
+
+	_writeParams( camera, reset, samples, historyScale ) {
+
+		const s = this.settings;
+		const u = this._paramU32;
+		const f = this._paramF32;
+		u[ 0 ] = this.width;
+		u[ 1 ] = this.height;
+		u[ 2 ] = reset ? 1 : 0;
+		u[ 3 ] = ( s.cleanAux ? FLAG_CLEAN_AUX : 0 ) | ( s.splitCopies ? FLAG_SPLIT_COPIES : 0 );
+		f[ 4 ] = s.maxLength;
+		f[ 5 ] = s.smoothLength;
+		f[ 6 ] = s.depthTolerance;
+		f[ 7 ] = s.normalTolerance;
+		f[ 8 ] = s.roughStart;
+		f[ 9 ] = s.roughEnd;
+		f[ 10 ] = samples;
+		f[ 11 ] = historyScale;
+		f.set( camera.world, 12 );
+		f.set( camera.projInv, 28 );
+		f.set( this._prevViewProj, 44 );
+		f.set( this._prevCamPos, 60 );
+		u[ 64 ] = this._movedCount;
+		f[ 68 ] = s.movedLength;
+		this.device.queue.writeBuffer( this._paramsBuffer, 0, this._paramData );
+
+	}
+
+	_rememberCamera( camera ) {
+
+		this._prevViewProj.set( camera.viewProj );
+		this._prevCamPos[ 0 ] = camera.world[ 12 ];
+		this._prevCamPos[ 1 ] = camera.world[ 13 ];
+		this._prevCamPos[ 2 ] = camera.world[ 14 ];
+
+	}
+
+	_releaseTextures() {
+
+		this._sets?.forEach( set => Object.values( set ).forEach( t => t.destroy() ) );
+		this._picked?.destroy();
+		this._copies?.destroy();
+		this._sets = null;
+		this._picked = null;
+		this._copies = null;
+		this.width = 0;
+		this.height = 0;
+		this.valid = false;
+
+	}
+
+}