rayzee 11.6.0 → 11.8.0

package/src/TSL/DebugKernel.js

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
 	localId, workgroupId,
 } from 'three/tsl';
 
-import { generateRayFromCamera } from './CameraRay.js';
+import { generateRayFromCamera, cameraClipDistance } from './CameraRay.js';
 import { Ray } from './Struct.js';
 import { TraceDebugMode } from './Debugger.js';
 import { pcgHash, getStratifiedSample } from './Random.js';
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export function buildDebugKernel( params ) {
 		cameraWorldMatrix, cameraProjectionMatrixInverse, cameraProjectionMatrix, cameraViewMatrix,
 		cameraProjection, panoLonRange, panoLatRange, panoLevelHorizon,
 		enableDOF, focalLength, aperture, focusDistance, unitsPerMetre, apertureScale, anamorphicRatio, dofMode, dofBlur,
+		cameraClipStart,
 		bvhBuffer, triangleBuffer, materialBuffer,
 		envTexture, environmentMatrix, environmentIntensity, enableEnvironmentLight,
 		visMode, debugVisScale,
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ export function buildDebugKernel( params ) {
 
 				// Modes 1-8, 10 — shared per-mode debug color (primary-ray trace + counters).
 				color.assign( TraceDebugMode(
-					ray.origin, ray.direction,
+					ray.origin.add( ray.direction.mul( cameraClipDistance( ray.direction, cameraClipStart, cameraWorldMatrix, cameraProjection ) ) ), ray.direction,
 					bvhBuffer, triangleBuffer, materialBuffer,
 					envTexture, environmentMatrix, environmentIntensity, enableEnvironmentLight,
 					visMode, debugVisScale,

package/src/TSL/FinalWriteKernel.js

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ export function buildFinalWriteKernel( params ) {
 		enableAccumulation, hasPreviousAccumulated, accumulationAlpha, cameraIsMoving,
 		// Aux MRT accumulates on its own epoch; hasPreviousAux=0 → write it verbatim instead of mixing.
 		hasPreviousAux, auxAccumulationAlpha,
-		transparentBackground,
 		prevAccumTexture, prevAlbedoTexture, prevNormalDepthTexture,
 		renderWidth,
 		chunkRowBase, chunkRows, // row band offset (global first row) + row count for this chunk
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ export function buildFinalWriteKernel( params ) {
 		// on): when off, skip the G-buffer decode, the prev-frame aux mix, and the two aux stores.
 		auxGBufferEnabled, gBuffer = true, // compiled in only when requested (PathTracer.requestOutput( 'gBuffer' ))
 		// Clean-aux normal (1 = temporally accumulate + renormalize the aux normal). On only for clean-aux
-		// OIDN models (calb_cnrm/high, alb_nrm/balanced); off for fast/ASVGF which want the bump normal.
+		// OIDN models (calb_cnrm/high, alb_nrm/balanced); off otherwise, as the fast model wants the bump normal.
 		cleanAuxNormalEnabled,
 		// Tier-1 convergence early-stop: per-pixel Welford luminance second moment + converged bit (stamped
 		// into streak bit 31; counted with 3×3 erosion by countConvergedDilated at the next frame start).
@@ -85,7 +84,9 @@ export function buildFinalWriteKernel( params ) {
 
 			const sampleColor = readRayRadiance( rayBufferRO, rayID );
 			const finalColor = sampleColor.xyz.toVar();
-			const outputAlpha = select( transparentBackground, sampleColor.w, float( 1.0 ) ).toVar();
+			// Coverage, whatever the backdrop: 0 where the camera saw past everything opaque. What shows or reads the
+			// image makes it opaque unless the background is transparent; auto exposure leaves a solid colour out by it.
+			const outputAlpha = sampleColor.w.toVar();
 
 			// A pixel frozen in a prior frame was skipped by Generate, so its rayBuffer sample is stale — pass
 			// the accumulated colour through unchanged (below) instead of mixing it. Inert unless adaptiveOn.
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ export function buildFinalWriteKernel( params ) {
 					finalHitDist.assign( mix( prevAlbedoSample.w, finalHitDist, auxAccumulationAlpha ) );
 
 					// NORMAL: by default keep this frame's POINT-SAMPLED normal — it varies with the bump,
-					// which fast/ASVGF want to preserve edge detail. But a CLEAN-AUX OIDN model (calb_cnrm/high,
+					// which the fast model wants to preserve edge detail. But a CLEAN-AUX OIDN model (calb_cnrm/high,
 					// alb_nrm/balanced) trusts the aux and is fed per-frame point-sampled NOISE → leaked noise
 					// (high) / over-smoothing (balanced). When cleanAuxNormalOn, temporally accumulate it like
 					// the colour. Average the RAW unit normals (decode 0.5+0.5 → [-1,1]) and RENORMALIZE — a
@@ -145,11 +146,7 @@ export function buildFinalWriteKernel( params ) {
 
 				} );
 
-				If( transparentBackground, () => {
-
-					outputAlpha.assign( select( wasFrozen, prevAccumSample.w, mix( prevAccumSample.w, sampleColor.w, accumulationAlpha ) ) );
-
-				} );
+				outputAlpha.assign( select( wasFrozen, prevAccumSample.w, mix( prevAccumSample.w, sampleColor.w, accumulationAlpha ) ) );
 
 			} );
 

package/src/TSL/GenerateKernel.js

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import {
 	getStratifiedSample,
 } from './Random.js';
 
-import { generateRayFromCamera } from './CameraRay.js';
+import { generateRayFromCamera, cameraClipDistance } from './CameraRay.js';
 import { Ray } from './Struct.js';
 import { RAY_FLAG, COUNTER } from '../Processor/QueueManager.js';
 import {
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ export function buildGenerateKernel( params ) {
 		cameraWorldMatrix, cameraProjectionMatrixInverse,
 		cameraProjection, panoLonRange, panoLatRange, panoLevelHorizon,
 		enableDOF, focalLength, aperture, focusDistance, unitsPerMetre, apertureScale, anamorphicRatio, dofMode, dofBlur,
+		cameraClipStart,
 		renderWidth,
 		chunkRowBase, chunkRows, // row band offset (global first row) + row count for this chunk
 		transmissiveBounces, // per-ray refraction budget (megakernel parity: PathTracerCore.js:606)
@@ -79,7 +80,10 @@ export function buildGenerateKernel( params ) {
 			enableDOF, focalLength, aperture, focusDistance, unitsPerMetre, apertureScale, anamorphicRatio, dofMode, dofBlur,
 		) );
 
-		writeRayOriginMeta( rayBufferRW, rayID, ray.origin, int( 0 ), int( 0 ) );
+		// The ray starts at the clip plane. The bidirectional weights still measure the first segment from the camera:
+		// the skipped length rides in the alpha-skip distance (mis_ray_t), as a cutout's would.
+		const clipAlong = cameraClipDistance( ray.direction, cameraClipStart, cameraWorldMatrix, cameraProjection ).toVar();
+		writeRayOriginMeta( rayBufferRW, rayID, ray.origin.add( ray.direction.mul( clipAlong ) ), int( 0 ), int( 0 ), uint( 0 ), bdpt ? clipAlong : null );
 		// A fresh camera ray is NOT redirected — REDIRECTED stays clear so it sees the direct backdrop;
 		// ShadeKernel sets REDIRECTED on the first direction-changing interaction (see RAY_FLAG.REDIRECTED).
 		writeRayDirFlags( rayBufferRW, rayID, ray.direction, uint( RAY_FLAG.ACTIVE ) );

package/src/TSL/LightSplatKernel.js

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export function buildLightSplatKernel( params ) {
 		hitBufferRO, splatBuffer,
 		bvhBuffer, triangleBuffer, materialBuffer,
 		lightPaths, slotsPerPath, lightTag, strategyView,
-		cameraPosition, cameraForward, cameraViewMatrix, cameraProjectionMatrix, pixelArea,
+		cameraPosition, cameraForward, cameraClipStart, cameraViewMatrix, cameraProjectionMatrix, pixelArea,
 		renderWidth, renderHeight,
 		globalIlluminationIntensity, fireflyThreshold, accumFrame, frame,
 		mergeVm = null,
@@ -68,7 +68,10 @@ export function buildLightSplatKernel( params ) {
 		const culled = diffuseTransmission
 			? select( behind, v.extra.bitAnd( uint( 2 ) ), v.extra.bitAnd( uint( 1 ) ) ).notEqual( uint( 0 ) )
 			: v.extra.notEqual( uint( 0 ) );
-		If( ( diffuseTransmission ? cosFacet.equal( 0.0 ) : cosFacet.lessThanEqual( 0.0 ) ).or( cosCamera.lessThanEqual( 1e-6 ) ).or( culled ), () => {
+		// The camera sees nothing in front of its clip plane, this far back along the line to it.
+		const clipAlong = cameraClipStart.div( max( cosCamera, 1e-6 ) ).toVar();
+		If( ( diffuseTransmission ? cosFacet.equal( 0.0 ) : cosFacet.lessThanEqual( 0.0 ) ).or( cosCamera.lessThanEqual( 1e-6 ) ).or( culled )
+			.or( dist2.lessThanEqual( clipAlong.mul( clipAlong ) ) ), () => {
 
 			Return();
 
@@ -123,9 +126,9 @@ export function buildLightSplatKernel( params ) {
 		const origin = offsetRayOrigin( v.position, diffuseTransmission ? select( behind, v.facetN.negate(), v.facetN ) : v.facetN ).toVar();
 		const segment = cameraPosition.sub( origin ).toVar();
 		const segmentLength = length( segment ).toVar();
-		// This segment stands in for the primary ray, which sees through the faces it culls.
+		// This segment stands in for the primary ray, which sees through the faces it culls and starts at the clip plane.
 		const visibility = traceShadowRayRefractiveOpaque(
-			origin, segment.div( segmentLength ), segmentLength.mul( SHADOW_END ),
+			origin, segment.div( segmentLength ), segmentLength.sub( clipAlong ).mul( SHADOW_END ),
 			traverseBVHShadowCameraCulled, bvhBuffer, triangleBuffer, materialBuffer,
 		);
 

package/src/TSL/LightsCore.js

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ export const PointLight = struct( {
 	intensity: 'float',
 	distance: 'float', // cutoff distance (0 = infinite)
 	decay: 'float', // decay exponent (2 = physically correct)
+	radius: 'float', // 0 = a point; else a disc of this radius facing the lit point (Cycles' soft falloff)
 } );
 
 export const SpotLight = struct( {
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ export const SpotLight = struct( {
 	goboIntensity: 'float', // mask strength multiplier (0 = no mask, 1 = full mask)
 	iesIndex: 'int', // -1 = no IES, otherwise index into iesProfiles array
 	iesIntensity: 'float', // blend [0,1] between flat (0) and full IES distribution (1)
+	radius: 'float', // as PointLight's
 } );
 
 export const LightSample = struct( {
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ export const getAreaLight = Fn( ( [ areaLightsBuffer, index ] ) => {
 
 export const getPointLight = Fn( ( [ pointLightsBuffer, index ] ) => {
 
-	const baseIndex = index.mul( 9 );
+	const baseIndex = index.mul( 10 );
 	return PointLight( {
 		position: vec3(
 			pointLightsBuffer.element( baseIndex ),
@@ -188,6 +190,7 @@ export const getPointLight = Fn( ( [ pointLightsBuffer, index ] ) => {
 		intensity: pointLightsBuffer.element( baseIndex.add( 6 ) ),
 		distance: pointLightsBuffer.element( baseIndex.add( 7 ) ),
 		decay: pointLightsBuffer.element( baseIndex.add( 8 ) ),
+		radius: pointLightsBuffer.element( baseIndex.add( 9 ) ),
 	} );
 
 } );
@@ -220,7 +223,8 @@ export const getSpotLight = Fn( ( [ spotLightsBuffer, index ] ) => {
 		goboIntensity: spotLightsBuffer.element( baseIndex.add( 15 ) ),
 		iesIndex: int( spotLightsBuffer.element( baseIndex.add( 16 ) ) ),
 		iesIntensity: spotLightsBuffer.element( baseIndex.add( 17 ) ),
-		// slots 18, 19 reserved (vec4 padding)
+		radius: spotLightsBuffer.element( baseIndex.add( 18 ) ),
+		// slot 19 reserved (vec4 padding)
 	} );
 
 } );

package/src/TSL/LightsSampling.js

@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ import {
 	offsetRayOrigin,
 	SHADOW_END,
 	REC709_LUMINANCE_COEFFICIENTS,
+	constructTBN,
 } from './Common.js';
+import { usesLightRadius } from './SceneResources.js';
 import { sampleEnvironment, sampleEnvironmentExact } from './Environment.js';
 import { shadowTerminatorOrigin } from './ShadowTerminator.js';
 import { sunRadianceToward, sampleSunDisc } from './Sun.js';
@@ -233,8 +235,30 @@ export const sampleRectAreaLight = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, ruv, lightSelection
 
 } );
 
-// Enhanced spot light sampling with radius support
-export const sampleSpotLightWithRadius = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, lightSelectionPdf ] ) => {
+/**
+ * A point or spot light with a radius is a disc of it facing the lit point, as Cycles' with Soft Falloff: uniform on the
+ * disc, so on its axis the light gives intensity / ( d² + r² ) where a point gives intensity / d². Moves `toLight` and
+ * `distSq` to the sampled point and returns the disc's tilt toward it. No BSDF ray hits these lights, so no MIS.
+ */
+const aimAtLightDisc = ( light, toLight, distSq, ruv ) => {
+
+	const facing = float( 1.0 ).toVar();
+	If( light.radius.greaterThan( 0.0 ), () => {
+
+		const axis = toLight.div( sqrt( distSq ) ).toVar();
+		const r = light.radius.mul( sqrt( ruv.x ) );
+		const phi = ruv.y.mul( 2 * Math.PI );
+		toLight.addAssign( constructTBN( { N: axis } ).mul( vec3( r.mul( cos( phi ) ), r.mul( sin( phi ) ), 0.0 ) ) );
+		distSq.assign( dot( toLight, toLight ) );
+		facing.assign( max( dot( toLight, axis ).div( sqrt( distSq ) ), 0.0 ) );
+
+	} );
+	return facing;
+
+};
+
+// Spot light sampling; a radius makes it a disc (aimAtLightDisc), its cone still read from the centre.
+export const sampleSpotLightWithRadius = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, lightSelectionPdf, ruv ], builder ) => {
 
 	const ls_valid = tslBool( false ).toVar();
 	const ls_direction = vec3( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ).toVar();
@@ -250,11 +274,16 @@ export const sampleSpotLightWithRadius = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, lightSelectio
 	// Guard against zero distance
 	If( lightDistSq.greaterThanEqual( 1e-20 ), () => {
 
+		// Compiled in only while some light has a radius (SceneResources lightRadius); otherwise the exact point code.
+		const sized = usesLightRadius( builder );
+		const centerDir = sized ? toLight.div( sqrt( lightDistSq ) ).toVar() : null;
+		const facing = sized ? aimAtLightDisc( light, toLight, lightDistSq, ruv ) : null;
 		const lightDist = sqrt( lightDistSq ).toVar();
 		const lightDir = toLight.div( lightDist ).toVar();
+		const coneDir = sized ? centerDir : lightDir;
 
 		// Check cone attenuation
-		const spotCosAngle = dot( lightDir.negate(), light.direction ).toVar();
+		const spotCosAngle = dot( coneDir.negate(), light.direction ).toVar();
 		const coneCosAngle = cos( light.angle ).toVar();
 
 		ls_direction.assign( lightDir );
@@ -268,10 +297,11 @@ export const sampleSpotLightWithRadius = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, lightSelectio
 			const distanceAttenuation = getDistanceAttenuation( { lightDistance: lightDist, cutoffDistance: light.distance, decayExponent: light.decay } );
 
 			// Gobo projection mask + IES photometric profile — both 1.0 when not assigned.
-			const goboMask = sampleSpotGoboMask( light, lightDir );
-			const iesProfile = sampleIESProfile( light, lightDir );
+			const goboMask = sampleSpotGoboMask( light, coneDir );
+			const iesProfile = sampleIESProfile( light, coneDir );
 
-			ls_emission.assign( light.color.mul( light.intensity ).mul( distanceAttenuation ).mul( coneAttenuation ).mul( goboMask ).mul( iesProfile ) );
+			const emission = light.color.mul( light.intensity ).mul( distanceAttenuation ).mul( coneAttenuation ).mul( goboMask ).mul( iesProfile );
+			ls_emission.assign( sized ? emission.mul( facing ) : emission );
 
 		} );
 
@@ -290,7 +320,7 @@ export const sampleSpotLightWithRadius = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, lightSelectio
 } );
 
 // Enhanced point light sampling with distance attenuation
-export const samplePointLightWithAttenuation = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, lightSelectionPdf ] ) => {
+export const samplePointLightWithAttenuation = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, lightSelectionPdf, ruv ], builder ) => {
 
 	const ls_valid = tslBool( false ).toVar();
 	const ls_direction = vec3( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ).toVar();
@@ -306,6 +336,8 @@ export const samplePointLightWithAttenuation = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, lightSe
 	// Guard against zero distance
 	If( lightDistSq.greaterThanEqual( 1e-20 ), () => {
 
+		const sized = usesLightRadius( builder );
+		const facing = sized ? aimAtLightDisc( light, toLight, lightDistSq, ruv ) : null;
 		const lightDist = sqrt( lightDistSq ).toVar();
 		const lightDir = toLight.div( lightDist );
 
@@ -315,7 +347,8 @@ export const samplePointLightWithAttenuation = Fn( ( [ light, rayOrigin, lightSe
 		ls_lightType.assign( int( LIGHT_TYPE_POINT ) );
 		ls_direction.assign( lightDir );
 		ls_distance.assign( lightDist );
-		ls_emission.assign( light.color.mul( light.intensity ).mul( distanceAttenuation ) );
+		const emission = light.color.mul( light.intensity ).mul( distanceAttenuation );
+		ls_emission.assign( sized ? emission.mul( facing ) : emission );
 		ls_pdf.assign( lightSelectionPdf );
 		ls_valid.assign( tslBool( true ) );
 
@@ -614,7 +647,7 @@ export const sampleLightWithImportance = Fn( ( [
 
 					If( light.intensity.greaterThan( 0.0 ), () => {
 
-						const ptSample = LightSample.wrap( samplePointLightWithAttenuation( light, rayOrigin, lightSelectionPdf ) );
+						const ptSample = LightSample.wrap( samplePointLightWithAttenuation( light, rayOrigin, lightSelectionPdf, vec2( randomSeed.y, getRandomSample1D( pixelCoord, int( 0 ), dimBase.add( int( 15 ) ), rngState, resolution, frame ) ) ) );
 						r_valid.assign( ptSample.valid );
 						r_direction.assign( ptSample.direction );
 						r_emission.assign( ptSample.emission );
@@ -639,7 +672,7 @@ export const sampleLightWithImportance = Fn( ( [
 
 					If( light.intensity.greaterThan( 0.0 ), () => {
 
-						const spotSample = LightSample.wrap( sampleSpotLightWithRadius( light, rayOrigin, lightSelectionPdf ) );
+						const spotSample = LightSample.wrap( sampleSpotLightWithRadius( light, rayOrigin, lightSelectionPdf, vec2( randomSeed.y, getRandomSample1D( pixelCoord, int( 0 ), dimBase.add( int( 15 ) ), rngState, resolution, frame ) ) ) );
 						r_valid.assign( spotSample.valid );
 						r_direction.assign( spotSample.direction );
 						r_emission.assign( spotSample.emission );
@@ -702,7 +735,7 @@ export const sampleLightWithImportance = Fn( ( [
 			If( selectedType.equal( int( 2 ) ).and( selectedIdx.greaterThanEqual( int( 0 ) ) ), () => {
 
 				const light = PointLight.wrap( getPointLight( pointLightsBuffer, selectedIdx ) );
-				const ptSample = LightSample.wrap( samplePointLightWithAttenuation( light, rayOrigin, pdf ) );
+				const ptSample = LightSample.wrap( samplePointLightWithAttenuation( light, rayOrigin, pdf, vec2( randomSeed.y, getRandomSample1D( pixelCoord, int( 0 ), dimBase.add( int( 15 ) ), rngState, resolution, frame ) ) ) );
 				r_valid.assign( ptSample.valid );
 				r_direction.assign( ptSample.direction );
 				r_emission.assign( ptSample.emission );
@@ -716,7 +749,7 @@ export const sampleLightWithImportance = Fn( ( [
 			If( selectedType.equal( int( 3 ) ).and( selectedIdx.greaterThanEqual( int( 0 ) ) ), () => {
 
 				const light = SpotLight.wrap( getSpotLight( spotLightsBuffer, selectedIdx ) );
-				const spotSample = LightSample.wrap( sampleSpotLightWithRadius( light, rayOrigin, pdf ) );
+				const spotSample = LightSample.wrap( sampleSpotLightWithRadius( light, rayOrigin, pdf, vec2( randomSeed.y, getRandomSample1D( pixelCoord, int( 0 ), dimBase.add( int( 15 ) ), rngState, resolution, frame ) ) ) );
 				r_valid.assign( spotSample.valid );
 				r_direction.assign( spotSample.direction );
 				r_emission.assign( spotSample.emission );

package/src/TSL/SceneResources.js

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * @property {?Node} iesProfiles - IES profile texture array, or null
  * @property {?Node} alphaShadows - int uniform, 1 = shadow rays test texture alpha; null = never
  * @property {?Object<string, boolean>} materialLayers - the MATERIAL_LAYERS some material uses; null = all of them
+ * @property {boolean} [lightRadius] - some point or spot light has a radius (path tracing only); false = all are points
  */
 
 import { context } from 'three/tsl';
@@ -49,3 +50,13 @@ export function materialLayers( builder ) {
 	return builder.context[ KEY ]?.materialLayers ?? ALL_MATERIAL_LAYERS;
 
 }
+
+/**
+ * Whether the kernel being built samples light radii. Off unless a point or spot light has a radius, and off for the
+ * bidirectional integrator, whose light paths leave a light's centre. Outside a scene kernel (a test) it is on.
+ */
+export function usesLightRadius( builder ) {
+
+	return builder.context[ KEY ]?.lightRadius ?? true;
+
+}

package/src/TSL/ShadeKernel.js

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ export function buildShadeKernel( params ) {
 		emissiveBoost, enableEmissiveTriangleSampling,
 		lightBVHNodeCount, reverseMapVec4Offset,
 		maxRayCount,
-		// Aux G-buffer (normal/depth/albedo + surface ID) feeds only the denoiser/OIDN MRT. Compiled in only when
+		// Aux G-buffer (normal/depth/albedo) feeds only the denoiser/OIDN MRT. Compiled in only when
 		// requested (PathTracer.requestOutput( 'gBuffer' )); then a live uniform (1 = denoiser on) skips the writes
 		// while nothing consumes them.
 		auxGBufferEnabled, gBuffer = true,
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ export function buildShadeKernel( params ) {
 		// This bounce's block of sampler dimensions — see the budget table in Random.js.
 		const dimBase = int( currentBounce ).mul( int( SAMPLER_DIMS_PER_BOUNCE ) );
 
-		// DDFA see-through aux tint carried across smooth glass/mirror; committed into the OIDN/ASVGF
+		// DDFA see-through aux tint carried across smooth glass/mirror; committed into the OIDN/NRD
 		// albedo guide at the first diffuse-enough surface (or env). Mutated locally, persisted on every
 		// deferring continue (a missed persist = stale tint). 1 = untinted (direct hit → today's albedo).
 		const featCarry = aux ? readFeatureThroughput( rayBufferRW, rayID ).toVar() : null;
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ export function buildShadeKernel( params ) {
 
 					// The catcher is a real ground surface for the denoiser — write the plane's normal/depth
 					// + a neutral albedo (black albedo would break OIDN demodulation) and mark the pixel a
-					// valid surface, so OIDN/ASVGF don't smear the caught shadow as a background miss.
+					// valid surface, so OIDN/NRD don't smear the caught shadow as a background miss.
 					if ( aux ) If( aux, () => {
 
 						const planeDepth = computeNDCDepth( { worldPos: planePoint, cameraProjectionMatrix, cameraViewMatrix } );
@@ -653,8 +653,7 @@ export function buildShadeKernel( params ) {
 			// surface that escapes to env keeps alpha 1 (HAS_HIT_OPAQUE set), so glass-in-front-of-an-
 			// object stays opaque while glass-in-front-of-sky exports see-through.
 			// Ungated (was transparentBackground-only) so the alpha lane always carries coverage: it is the
-			// only hit/miss signal valid at FinalWrite. The image is unchanged — FinalWrite forces alpha 1
-			// when transparent-bg is off.
+			// only hit/miss signal valid at FinalWrite, which accumulates it as is.
 			If( flags.bitAnd( uint( RAY_FLAG.HAS_HIT_OPAQUE ) ).equal( uint( 0 ) ), () => {
 
 				currentRadiance.w.assign( 0.0 );

package/src/index.js

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export {
 } from './EngineDefaults.js';
 export { MAX_RESERVABLE_RENDER_SIZE } from './Processor/StorageTexturePool.js';
 export {
-	DENOISER_DEFAULTS, ASVGF_QUALITY_PRESETS, NRD_DEFAULTS, NRD_QUALITY_PRESETS, NRD_PRESET_KEYS, NRD_HIT_DIST_A,
+	DENOISER_DEFAULTS, DENOISER_STRATEGIES, NRD_DEFAULTS, NRD_QUALITY_PRESETS, NRD_PRESET_KEYS, NRD_HIT_DIST_A,
 	NRD_HIT_DIST_B,
 } from './Stages/DenoiserSettings.js';
 export { SKY_DEFAULTS, DEFAULT_SUN_PATH } from './managers/EnvironmentManager.js';

package/src/integrators/BidirectionalIntegrator.js

@@ -336,6 +336,7 @@ export class BidirectionalIntegrator {
 			strategyView: bd.strategyView,
 			cameraPosition: bd.cameraPosition,
 			cameraForward: bd.cameraForward,
+			cameraClipStart: this.pt.cameraClipStart,
 			cameraViewMatrix: this.pt.cameraViewMatrix,
 			cameraProjectionMatrix: this.pt.cameraProjectionMatrix,
 			pixelArea: bd.pixelArea,

package/src/managers/CameraManager.js

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ export class CameraManager extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		this.cameras = cameras;
 		this._userCameraCounter = 0;
+		this.camera.userData.clipStart = 0;
 		this.resetAutoFocus();
 
 	}
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ export class CameraManager extends EventDispatcher {
 		cam.userData.__rayzeeUserCamera = true;
 		cam.userData.__rayzeeEffects = this._captureEffects();
 		if ( this.controls ) cam.userData.__rayzeeOrbitTarget = this.controls.target.clone();
+		if ( src.userData.clipStart > 0 ) cam.userData.clipStart = src.userData.clipStart;
 
 		this._userCameraCounter += 1;
 		cam.name = name || `View Camera ${this._userCameraCounter}`;
@@ -310,6 +312,7 @@ export class CameraManager extends EventDispatcher {
 			this.camera.fov = s.fov;
 			this.camera.near = s.near;
 			this.camera.far = s.far;
+			this.camera.userData.clipStart = 0;
 			this.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
 			this.camera.updateMatrixWorld( true );
 
@@ -380,6 +383,8 @@ export class CameraManager extends EventDispatcher {
 		if ( source.isPerspectiveCamera ) this.camera.fov = source.fov;
 		this.camera.near = source.near;
 		this.camera.far = source.far;
+		// Only an imported camera's clip start clips the render: see PathTracerStage._updateCameraUniforms.
+		this.camera.userData.clipStart = source.userData?.clipStart ?? 0;
 		this.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
 		this.camera.updateMatrixWorld( true );
 
@@ -611,6 +616,7 @@ export class CameraManager extends EventDispatcher {
 				fov: camera.fov,
 				near: camera.near,
 				far: camera.far,
+				clipStart: camera.userData.clipStart ?? 0,
 				zoom: camera.zoom,
 				orthographic: !! camera.orthographic,
 				orthoHalfHeight: camera.orthoHalfHeight,
@@ -641,6 +647,7 @@ export class CameraManager extends EventDispatcher {
 					aspect: cam.aspect ?? null,
 					near: cam.near,
 					far: cam.far,
+					clipStart: cam.userData.clipStart ?? 0,
 					zoom: cam.zoom,
 					position: cam.position.toArray(),
 					quaternion: cam.quaternion.toArray(),
@@ -684,6 +691,7 @@ export class CameraManager extends EventDispatcher {
 				cam.updateMatrixWorld( true );
 				cam.userData.__rayzeeUserCamera = true;
 				cam.userData.__rayzeeEffects = fromPortable( entry.effects );
+				if ( entry.clipStart > 0 ) cam.userData.clipStart = entry.clipStart;
 				if ( entry.orbitTarget ) cam.userData.__rayzeeOrbitTarget = new Vector3().fromArray( entry.orbitTarget );
 				indexMap.set( entry.index, this.cameras.length );
 				this.cameras.push( cam );
@@ -730,6 +738,7 @@ export class CameraManager extends EventDispatcher {
 			camera.fov = v.fov;
 			camera.near = v.near;
 			camera.far = v.far;
+			camera.userData.clipStart = v.clipStart ?? 0;
 			this._setView( v.orthographic, v.orthoHalfHeight );
 			camera.zoom = v.zoom ?? 1;
 			camera.updateProjectionMatrix();