rapier-markdown-kit 1.1.101 → 1.1.104

package/dist/agent/vendor/pretext/line-break.js

@@ -1,636 +1,1202 @@
-/*! Pretext 0.0.9 | MIT | Copyright (c) 2026 Pretext contributors */
-import { getEngineProfile } from './measurement.js';
-export function isDiscretionaryLineEnd(kinds, endSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex) {
-    return endGraphemeIndex === 0 && endSegmentIndex > 0 && endSegmentIndex < kinds.length && kinds[endSegmentIndex - 1] === 'soft-hyphen';
+/*! Pretext Unreleased (bac1774c0) | MIT; BSD/Unicode/ICU notices in LICENSE | Copyright (c) 2026 Pretext contributors */
+import {
+  CONTROL,
+  HARD_BREAK,
+  KIND_BITS,
+  OBJECT,
+  PRESERVED_SPACE,
+  RETURNABLE,
+  SOFT_HYPHEN,
+  SPACE,
+  SPACED,
+  TAB,
+  TEXT,
+  UNBROKEN,
+  ZERO_WIDTH_BREAK,
+  ZERO_WIDTH_GLUE,
+} from './analysis.js'
+                                                          
+import { getEngineProfile } from './measurement.js'
+import { getFreshLineEnd, getSegmentEntryWidth,                           } from './entry-geometry.js'
+
+const BREAK_AFTER_KINDS = 1 << SPACE | 1 << ZERO_WIDTH_BREAK | 1 << SOFT_HYPHEN | 1 << PRESERVED_SPACE | 1 << TAB
+
+// The prepared handle's line-break data: parallel arrays per segment.
+                                     
+                                                            
+                                                                                                      
+                                                                                          
+                
+                          
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+                                 
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+                                  
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+                                                                                           
+                                                     
+                                                                                              
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+                                                                                       
+                      
+                                  
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+                                                                                          
+                                                                     
+                               
+                                                                                             
+                                                                                             
+                                                                                               
+                                       
+                                                                                    
+                                                                                                   
+                                                                             
+                                                                      
+                                              
+                                                                               
+                                                                                                 
+ 
+
+// What the line walkers lay out: a text's handle, or the handle of a rich-inline paragraph that
+// isn't one text's handle (src/rich-inline.ts), which also holds what its segments have of their
+// own. A text's handle has no `items`, so its type, PreparedLineBreakData, doesn't name it.
+                                                                                       
+
+// What a rich-inline paragraph's items give its segments, per segment, each list null where no
+// segment has a value of its own:
+// - `hyphenWidths`, `tabStopAdvances`, `minimumTabAdvances`: the hyphen a soft hyphen paints, the
+//   advance between a tab's stops and the least a tab advances, in the item's font, where two
+//   items differ in one. A walk reads them, and the handle's own three, at a soft hyphen, under
+//   soft-hyphen contexts and at a tab, so a paragraph whose text holds no soft hyphen and no
+//   preserved tab has none, and its handle's own three are 0;
+// - `hyphenRooms`: the room a line that ends at the break before the segment leaves for a hyphen,
+//   where it returns there from a soft hyphen whose hyphen doesn't fit, in a paragraph with a soft
+//   hyphen under a profile that leaves such room (getHyphenRooms in src/rich-inline.ts), with one
+//   more entry for the break at the paragraph's end;
+// - `itemEndHalts`: the line-end trim of a segment that ends its item with a closing mark Blink
+//   halts at a line's end, or the trim its retry between graphemes gives one (overflowLineEndTrims),
+//   which the mark keeps where the line goes on after it (prepareRichInline() in
+//   src/rich-inline.ts);
+// - `insideExtras`, `fillExtras`: the item's extraWidth where a line that starts inside the
+//   segment pays it, or starts at it and fills it grapheme by grapheme, as a line that starts
+//   with the whole segment pays lineStartExtras;
+// - `openingEdges`: the width of a segment that is the start edge of a padded item's opening
+//   (getOpeningFit in src/rich-inline.ts), which a line that takes it paints whole, whatever of
+//   it the line fitted: an object's line-end trim is the part its line doesn't fit, and an edge
+//   the engine fits none of is a preserved space, which takes no room in the run of preserved
+//   spaces and tabs it is in;
+// - `emptyObjectSpaces`, `emptyObjectReturns`: where the engine places an object of width 0
+//   though it sticks out of the line, for each such object what a line reads of the text around
+//   it (setEmptyObjectFacts in src/rich-inline.ts): the width of the white space that ends the
+//   text before it as its last text frame's own, 0 where that text ends in other white space
+//   and -1 where it ends in none, and 1 where a line with a break before the object goes back
+//   to it, as what follows the object would stick out too.
+                                    
+                               
+                                  
+                                     
+                              
+                               
+                               
+                             
+                               
+                                    
+                                       
+ 
+
+                            
+                
+                            
+                             
+                          
+                           
+         
+
+function breaksAfterKind(kind        )          {
+  return (1 << kind & BREAK_AFTER_KINDS) !== 0
 }
-function consumesAtLineStart(kind) {
-    return kind === 'space' || kind === 'zero-width-break' || kind === 'soft-hyphen';
+
+// A line ends at a chosen soft hyphen, and paints its hyphen, where the line's end
+// cursor is the start of the segment after one. A soft hyphen that ends the text is
+// consumed with its line and chosen by no wrap, so the cursor at the text's end
+// paints none.
+export function isDiscretionaryLineEnd(
+  segmentFlags            ,
+  endSegmentIndex        ,
+  endGraphemeIndex        ,
+)          {
+  return endGraphemeIndex === 0 && endSegmentIndex > 0 && endSegmentIndex < segmentFlags.length &&
+    (segmentFlags[endSegmentIndex - 1]  & KIND_BITS) === SOFT_HYPHEN
 }
-function breaksAfter(kind) {
-    return kind === 'space' || kind === 'preserved-space' || kind === 'tab' || kind === 'zero-width-break' || kind === 'soft-hyphen';
+
+// At a paragraph or hard-break start, ZWSP is real source: it establishes the
+// line and offers a break after it. UAX #14 forbids an ordinary break before
+// ZWSP. After a forced overflow break browsers can still give ZWSP its own line;
+// that start is consumed here.
+function consumesAtLineStart(kind        , atChunkStart         )          {
+  return kind === SPACE || kind === SOFT_HYPHEN || (kind === ZERO_WIDTH_BREAK && !atChunkStart)
 }
-function normalizeLineStartSegmentIndex(prepared, segmentIndex, endSegmentIndex = prepared.widths.length) {
-    while(segmentIndex < endSegmentIndex){
-        const kind = prepared.kinds[segmentIndex];
-        if (!consumesAtLineStart(kind)) break;
-        segmentIndex++;
-    }
-    return segmentIndex;
-}
-function getTabAdvance(lineWidth, tabStopAdvance) {
-    if (tabStopAdvance <= 0) return 0;
-    const remainder = lineWidth % tabStopAdvance;
-    if (Math.abs(remainder) <= 1e-6) return tabStopAdvance;
-    return tabStopAdvance - remainder;
-}
-function getLeadingLetterSpacing(prepared, hasContent, segmentIndex) {
-    return prepared.letterSpacing !== 0 && hasContent && prepared.spacingGraphemeCounts[segmentIndex] > 0 ? prepared.letterSpacing : 0;
-}
-function getLineEndContribution(leadingSpacing, segmentContribution) {
-    return segmentContribution === 0 ? 0 : leadingSpacing + segmentContribution;
-}
-function getTabTrailingLetterSpacing(prepared, segmentIndex) {
-    return prepared.letterSpacing !== 0 && prepared.spacingGraphemeCounts[segmentIndex] > 0 ? prepared.letterSpacing : 0;
+
+// A tab's advance from `position` on the line: to the next stop, or to the one after where
+// the next is under the minimum away. A tab on a stop is a whole stop from the next, so each
+// tab of a run takes one. Stops no wider than 0, under a letter spacing of minus a space or
+// less, leave a tab no advance: Gecko gives tabs no width there (GetSpacingInternal,
+// nsTextFrame.cpp:4262-4264), and Blink's, negative by Font::TabWidth, is clamped to 0 where
+// the tab's item is placed (ClampNegativeToZero, line_breaker.cc:1486, 1703). Gecko counts in
+// whole app units (EngineProfile's tabsInAppUnits), so a tab exactly the minimum from its
+// stop takes it, as many do: in Arial and Helvetica a space is half a `0`. Canvas sums come
+// within float error of such a tie.
+function getTabAdvance(position        , tabStopAdvance        , minimumAdvance        , appUnits         )         {
+  if (appUnits) {
+    const stop = Math.round(tabStopAdvance * 60)
+    if (stop <= 0) return 0
+    const x = Math.round(position * 60)
+    return (Math.ceil((x + Math.round(minimumAdvance * 120) / 2) / stop) * stop - x) / 60
+  }
+  if (tabStopAdvance <= 0) return 0
+
+  // How far the tab is past the stop before it, by a division and a floor, which counts back
+  // from a negative position too. `%` gives the same, within float error, but on numbers that
+  // aren't whole it is a call to the C library's fmod, which was nearly all a tab's arithmetic
+  // cost (RESEARCH.md, JavaScript Engines).
+  const pastStop = position - Math.floor(position / tabStopAdvance) * tabStopAdvance
+  const advance = tabStopAdvance - pastStop
+  return advance < minimumAdvance ? advance + tabStopAdvance : advance
 }
-function getWholeSegmentFitContribution(prepared, kind, segmentIndex, leadingSpacing, segmentWidth) {
-    const segmentContribution = kind === 'tab' ? segmentWidth + getTabTrailingLetterSpacing(prepared, segmentIndex) : prepared.lineEndFitAdvances[segmentIndex];
-    return getLineEndContribution(leadingSpacing, segmentContribution);
+
+// The advance of tab segment `index` of a rich-inline paragraph, which the line reaches at
+// `lineWidth`: to the next stop of its item's font. Tab stops count from the line's start in
+// every engine, never from an item's (Blink's line_breaker.cc:2963-2971, WebKit's pen position,
+// Gecko's CalcTabWidths, nsTextFrame.cpp:4298-4378). A padded item's text starts after its start
+// edge, half its extraWidth, all of which `lineWidth` counts, for a tab that starts the line too
+// (lineStartExtras): the other half is the end edge, which follows the item's text on the line.
+// Where the paragraph's items differ in letter spacing, a tab's width holds the gap after it, as
+// every segment's holds its own (src/rich-inline.ts); else it is 0.
+export function getItemTabAdvance(prepared                  , items                      , index        , lineWidth        , appUnits         )         {
+  const stopAdvance = items.tabStopAdvances === null ? prepared.tabStopAdvance : items.tabStopAdvances[index] 
+  const minimumAdvance = items.minimumTabAdvances === null ? prepared.minimumTabAdvance : items.minimumTabAdvances[index] 
+  const endEdge = items.insideExtras === null ? 0 : items.insideExtras[index]  / 2
+  return getTabAdvance(lineWidth - endEdge, stopAdvance, minimumAdvance, appUnits) + prepared.widths[index] 
 }
-function getBreakOpportunityFitContribution(prepared, kind, segmentIndex, leadingSpacing) {
-    const segmentContribution = kind === 'tab' ? 0 : prepared.lineEndFitAdvances[segmentIndex];
-    return getLineEndContribution(leadingSpacing, segmentContribution);
+
+// Where a line that holds only an overflowing grapheme ends: after that grapheme and
+// the graphemes after it that can't start a line, up to `endGraphemeIndex`.
+function getOverflowingFirstGraphemeEnd(
+  prepared                  ,
+  segmentIndex        ,
+  graphemeIndex        ,
+  endGraphemeIndex        ,
+)         {
+  const prohibitions = prepared.lineStartProhibitions?.[segmentIndex] ?? null
+  let end = graphemeIndex + 1
+  while (prohibitions !== null && end < endGraphemeIndex && prohibitions[end] === 1) end++
+  return end
 }
-function getLineEndPaintContribution(prepared, kind, segmentIndex, leadingSpacing, segmentWidth) {
-    const segmentContribution = kind === 'tab' ? segmentWidth : prepared.lineEndPaintAdvances[segmentIndex];
-    return getLineEndContribution(leadingSpacing, segmentContribution);
+
+function getTerminalLetterSpacing(
+  prepared                  ,
+  openingEdges                 ,
+  hangingKinds        ,
+  startSegmentIndex        ,
+  startGraphemeIndex        ,
+  endSegmentIndex        ,
+  endGraphemeIndex        ,
+)         {
+  const { letterSpacing, segmentFlags } = prepared
+  if (letterSpacing === 0) return 0
+
+  if (endGraphemeIndex > 0) return (segmentFlags[endSegmentIndex]  & SPACED) !== 0 ? letterSpacing : 0
+
+  if (isDiscretionaryLineEnd(segmentFlags, endSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex)) return 0
+  // A run of preserved spaces and tabs that hangs where the line wraps already
+  // charged the gap after the glyph before it. Gecko doesn't hang tabs.
+  if (endSegmentIndex > startSegmentIndex && endSegmentIndex < segmentFlags.length && (segmentFlags[endSegmentIndex]  & KIND_BITS) !== HARD_BREAK &&
+    (1 << (segmentFlags[endSegmentIndex - 1]  & KIND_BITS) & hangingKinds) !== 0) return 0
+
+  for (let i = endSegmentIndex - 1; i >= startSegmentIndex; i--) {
+    const flags = segmentFlags[i] 
+    const kind = flags & KIND_BITS
+    // Segments that take no letter spacing, such as zero-width glue or marks
+    // shaped on the grapheme before them, leave that grapheme's gap last. A tab
+    // that takes none follows that gap, which its stop counts from. An object
+    // leaves none after itself, nor does the edge of a padded opening.
+    if (kind === SPACE || (kind !== CONTROL && kind !== TAB && (flags & SPACED) === 0 && kind !== OBJECT && (openingEdges === null || openingEdges[i]  === 0))) continue
+
+    if (i === startSegmentIndex && startGraphemeIndex > 0) return letterSpacing
+
+    return (flags & SPACED) !== 0 ? letterSpacing : 0
+  }
+
+  return 0
 }
-function getBreakableGraphemeAdvance(prepared, hasContent, baseAdvance) {
-    return prepared.letterSpacing !== 0 && hasContent ? baseAdvance + prepared.letterSpacing : baseAdvance;
+
+// The width a paragraph is laid out at: `NaN`, which a typed caller can pass, is unbounded.
+// Every comparison fails at `NaN`, and the line loops ask some whether a segment fits and
+// others whether it overflows, so the line APIs called once for a paragraph pass their width
+// through here and the loops stay written for numbers. The streams, called once for each
+// line, take their width as given (RESEARCH.md, Decisions Log, 2026-10-02).
+export function normalizeMaxWidth(maxWidth        )         {
+  return maxWidth <= Infinity ? maxWidth : Infinity
 }
-function getBreakableCandidateFitWidth(prepared, candidatePaintWidth) {
-    return prepared.letterSpacing === 0 ? candidatePaintWidth : candidatePaintWidth + prepared.letterSpacing;
-}
-function getNextPreferredBreakIndex(preferredBreaks, preferredBreakIndex, graphemeEnd) {
-    let lo = preferredBreakIndex;
-    if (lo >= preferredBreaks.length || preferredBreaks[lo] >= graphemeEnd) return lo;
-    let hi = preferredBreaks.length;
-    lo++;
-    while(lo < hi){
-        const mid = Math.floor((lo + hi) / 2);
-        if (preferredBreaks[mid] < graphemeEnd) lo = mid + 1;
-        else hi = mid;
+
+// Mutates `cursor` to the next renderable line start. False when no line remains.
+// A chunk runs to a hard break or the end of the text, and the hard break ends a
+// line however little the chunk holds: a chunk holding only its hard break, or only
+// source a line start consumes before it, such as soft hyphens, is an empty line,
+// which starts at its hard break. The rest of a chunk after a line that wrapped
+// inside it is no line of its own when a line start consumes all of it.
+export function normalizePreparedLineStart(
+  prepared                  ,
+  cursor              ,
+)          {
+  const { segmentFlags } = prepared
+  const segmentCount = segmentFlags.length
+  let segmentIndex = cursor.segmentIndex
+  if (segmentIndex >= segmentCount) return false
+  if (cursor.graphemeIndex > 0) return true
+
+  let atChunkStart = segmentIndex === 0 || (segmentFlags[segmentIndex - 1]  & KIND_BITS) === HARD_BREAK
+  while (true) {
+    const kind = segmentFlags[segmentIndex]  & KIND_BITS
+    if (kind === HARD_BREAK) {
+      if (atChunkStart) {
+        cursor.segmentIndex = segmentIndex
+        cursor.graphemeIndex = 0
+        return true
+      }
+      if (++segmentIndex >= segmentCount) return false
+      cursor.segmentIndex = segmentIndex
+      cursor.graphemeIndex = 0
+      atChunkStart = true
+    } else if (consumesAtLineStart(kind, atChunkStart)) {
+      if (++segmentIndex >= segmentCount) return false
+    } else {
+      cursor.segmentIndex = segmentIndex
+      cursor.graphemeIndex = 0
+      return true
     }
-    return lo;
+  }
 }
-function getTerminalLetterSpacing(prepared, startSegmentIndex, startGraphemeIndex, endSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex) {
-    if (prepared.letterSpacing === 0) return 0;
-    if (endGraphemeIndex > 0) {
-        return prepared.spacingGraphemeCounts[endSegmentIndex] > 0 ? prepared.letterSpacing : 0;
-    }
-    if (isDiscretionaryLineEnd(prepared.kinds, endSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex)) return 0;
-    for(let i = endSegmentIndex - 1; i >= startSegmentIndex; i--){
-        const kind = prepared.kinds[i];
-        if (kind === 'space' || kind === 'zero-width-break' || kind === 'hard-break' || kind === 'soft-hyphen') continue;
-        if (i === startSegmentIndex && startGraphemeIndex > 0) {
-            return prepared.letterSpacing;
-        }
-        return prepared.spacingGraphemeCounts[i] > 0 ? prepared.letterSpacing : 0;
+
+// Walks every line of the text into `stats`, visiting each, and returns the line count.
+export function walkPreparedLinesRaw(
+  prepared                  ,
+  maxWidth        ,
+  onLine                      ,
+  stats            = { lineCount: 0, maxLineWidth: 0 },
+)         {
+  const cursor               = { segmentIndex: 0, graphemeIndex: 0 }
+  if (!prepared.simpleLineWalkFastPath) {
+    if (normalizePreparedLineStart(prepared, cursor)) walkPreparedComplexLines(prepared, cursor, maxWidth, onLine, stats)
+    return stats.lineCount
+  }
+  // A fast-path handle is one chunk of text, spaces and ZWSPs, so each line steps
+  // from where the last one ended, past what a line can't start with. One loop for
+  // both walkers, normalizing each line start and stepping through
+  // stepPreparedLineGeometryFromStart(), walked chat 6 to 32% slower in Chrome and
+  // Firefox (RESEARCH.md, Keeping Work Bounded).
+  const { segmentFlags } = prepared
+  const segmentCount = segmentFlags.length
+  while (true) {
+    let startSegmentIndex = cursor.segmentIndex
+    const atTextStart = startSegmentIndex === 0
+    while (startSegmentIndex < segmentCount && consumesAtLineStart(segmentFlags[startSegmentIndex]  & KIND_BITS, atTextStart)) {
+      startSegmentIndex++
     }
-    return 0;
-}
-function finalizeLinePaintWidth(prepared, width, startSegmentIndex, startGraphemeIndex, endSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex) {
-    return width + getTerminalLetterSpacing(prepared, startSegmentIndex, startGraphemeIndex, endSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex);
+    if (startSegmentIndex >= segmentCount) return stats.lineCount
+    const startGraphemeIndex = cursor.graphemeIndex
+    cursor.segmentIndex = startSegmentIndex
+    const width = stepPreparedSimpleLineGeometry(prepared, cursor, maxWidth)
+    stats.lineCount++
+    if (width > stats.maxLineWidth) stats.maxLineWidth = width
+    onLine?.(width, startSegmentIndex, startGraphemeIndex, cursor.segmentIndex, cursor.graphemeIndex)
+  }
 }
-function findChunkIndexForStart(prepared, segmentIndex) {
-    let lo = 0;
-    let hi = prepared.chunks.length;
-    while(lo < hi){
-        const mid = Math.floor((lo + hi) / 2);
-        if (segmentIndex < prepared.chunks[mid].consumedEndSegmentIndex) {
-            hi = mid;
-        } else {
-            lo = mid + 1;
-        }
+
+// layout()'s count: the simple stepper's lines as one numeric loop, with no
+// cursor and no per-line call. Every segment boundary of a fast-path handle is
+// a break, so an overflowing space or ZWSP ends its line and any other segment
+// starts the next one. The full walker costs three to five times as much per
+// segment, so one walker for all text was rejected (RESEARCH.md, Decisions Log,
+// 2026-09-24).
+export function countPreparedLines(prepared                  , maxWidth        )         {
+  // The loop takes no overflow trims, which the stepper takes for a line's first segment.
+  if (!prepared.simpleLineWalkFastPath || prepared.overflowLineEndTrims !== null) {
+    return prepared.simpleLineCountFastPath ? countSteppedLines(prepared, maxWidth) : walkPreparedLinesRaw(prepared, maxWidth)
+  }
+  const { widths, segmentFlags, breakableFitAdvances, entryGeometry, lineStartProhibitions, breakableLineStartExtras, lineStartExtras, lineEndTrims } = prepared
+  const fitLimit = Math.max(0, maxWidth) + getEngineProfile().lineFitEpsilon
+  const segmentCount = widths.length
+  let count = 0
+  // Every line starts at 0 and adds its content's widths. Firefox runs this loop
+  // about 1.6 times as long when a line's width is set from a segment's width
+  // instead (RESEARCH.md, Keeping Work Bounded).
+  let lineW = 0
+  let hasContent = false
+
+  // A ZWSP at the start of the text starts the first line.
+  for (let i = 0; i < segmentCount; i++) {
+    const kind = segmentFlags[i]  & KIND_BITS
+    const w = widths[i] 
+    const endTrim = lineEndTrims === null ? 0 : lineEndTrims[i] 
+    if (hasContent) {
+      // A segment that fits only by its line-end trim ends the line, as the full
+      // width it adds leaves no room after it.
+      if (lineW + w - endTrim <= fitLimit) {
+        lineW += w
+        continue
+      }
+      count++
+      lineW = 0
+      hasContent = false
+      if (kind !== TEXT) continue
+    } else if (kind === SPACE || (kind === ZERO_WIDTH_BREAK && i > 0)) {
+      continue
     }
-    return lo < prepared.chunks.length ? lo : -1;
-}
-function normalizeLineStartInChunk(prepared, chunkIndex, cursor) {
-    let segmentIndex = cursor.segmentIndex;
-    if (cursor.graphemeIndex > 0) return chunkIndex;
-    for(let currentChunkIndex = chunkIndex; currentChunkIndex < prepared.chunks.length; currentChunkIndex++){
-        const chunk = prepared.chunks[currentChunkIndex];
-        if (chunk.startSegmentIndex === chunk.endSegmentIndex && segmentIndex === chunk.startSegmentIndex) {
-            cursor.segmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-            cursor.graphemeIndex = 0;
-            return currentChunkIndex;
+
+    const startW = lineStartExtras === null ? w : w + lineStartExtras[i] 
+    const advances = breakableFitAdvances[i]                   
+    if (startW - endTrim <= fitLimit || advances === null) {
+      lineW += startW
+      hasContent = true
+      continue
+    }
+    // An overflowing breakable segment fills lines grapheme by grapheme. A line
+    // holding only an overflowing grapheme keeps the graphemes after it that
+    // can't start a line. A line that starts inside it where it has fresh-line
+    // geometry takes the tail or its fresh prefixes.
+    const prohibitions = lineStartProhibitions?.[i] ?? null
+    const entry = entryGeometry === null ? null : entryGeometry[i] 
+    const startExtras = breakableLineStartExtras?.[i] ?? null
+    let g = 0
+    while (g < advances.length) {
+      if (g > 0 && entry !== null && entry.entries[g] !== null) {
+        const end = getFreshLineEnd(entry, g, advances.length, fitLimit)
+        if (end > advances.length) {
+          lineW += getSegmentEntryWidth(entry, g, advances.length) 
+          hasContent = true
+          break
         }
-        if (segmentIndex < chunk.startSegmentIndex) segmentIndex = chunk.startSegmentIndex;
-        segmentIndex = normalizeLineStartSegmentIndex(prepared, segmentIndex, chunk.endSegmentIndex);
-        if (segmentIndex < chunk.endSegmentIndex) {
-            cursor.segmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-            cursor.graphemeIndex = 0;
-            return currentChunkIndex;
+        count++
+        g = end
+        continue
+      }
+      if (startExtras !== null) lineW += startExtras[g] 
+      lineW += advances[g++] 
+      if (prohibitions !== null && lineW > fitLimit) {
+        const kept = g
+        while (g < advances.length && prohibitions[g] === 1) lineW += advances[g++] 
+        if (g > kept) {
+          count++
+          lineW = 0
+          continue
         }
-        if (chunk.consumedEndSegmentIndex >= prepared.widths.length) return -1;
-        segmentIndex = chunk.consumedEndSegmentIndex;
-        cursor.segmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-        cursor.graphemeIndex = 0;
+      }
+      while (g < advances.length && lineW + advances[g]  <= fitLimit) lineW += advances[g++] 
+      if (g < advances.length) {
+        count++
+        lineW = 0
+      } else {
+        hasContent = true
+      }
     }
-    return -1;
+  }
+  return count + (hasContent ? 1 : 0)
 }
-export function normalizePreparedLineStart(prepared, cursor) {
-    if (cursor.segmentIndex >= prepared.widths.length) return -1;
-    const chunkIndex = findChunkIndexForStart(prepared, cursor.segmentIndex);
-    if (chunkIndex < 0) return -1;
-    return normalizeLineStartInChunk(prepared, chunkIndex, cursor);
-}
-function normalizeLineStartChunkIndexFromHint(prepared, chunkIndex, cursor) {
-    if (cursor.segmentIndex >= prepared.widths.length) return -1;
-    let nextChunkIndex = chunkIndex;
-    while(nextChunkIndex < prepared.chunks.length && cursor.segmentIndex >= prepared.chunks[nextChunkIndex].consumedEndSegmentIndex){
-        nextChunkIndex++;
+
+// layout()'s count of text of the simple walkers' kinds where the scan gives no
+// break at some segment boundary, as before NEL: the simple stepper's lines, except
+// that the full walker steps a line again where the stepper ended it at such a
+// boundary, before the segment or after the space before it, returning the line to
+// its last break. Checking for that inside the counter's loop slowed Firefox's and
+// Chrome's count of all other text once the check had ever held, and the line APIs
+// keep the full walker for this text, since the stepper's widths can differ from
+// its in the last bits (RESEARCH.md, Keeping Work Bounded).
+function countSteppedLines(prepared                  , maxWidth        )         {
+  const { segmentFlags } = prepared
+  const cursor               = { segmentIndex: 0, graphemeIndex: 0 }
+  let count = 0
+  while (normalizePreparedLineStart(prepared, cursor)) {
+    const startSegmentIndex = cursor.segmentIndex
+    const startGraphemeIndex = cursor.graphemeIndex
+    stepPreparedSimpleLineGeometry(prepared, cursor, maxWidth)
+    if (cursor.graphemeIndex === 0 && cursor.segmentIndex < segmentFlags.length && (segmentFlags[cursor.segmentIndex]  & UNBROKEN) !== 0) {
+      cursor.segmentIndex = startSegmentIndex
+      cursor.graphemeIndex = startGraphemeIndex
+      walkPreparedComplexLines(prepared, cursor, maxWidth, undefined, null, true)
     }
-    if (nextChunkIndex >= prepared.chunks.length) return -1;
-    return normalizeLineStartInChunk(prepared, nextChunkIndex, cursor);
+    count++
+  }
+  return count
 }
-export function countPreparedLines(prepared, maxWidth) {
-    return walkPreparedLinesRaw(prepared, maxWidth);
+
+// Whether the run of preserved spaces and tabs that hang, which starts at segment `start` right
+// after an object on its line, an atomic rich-inline item or a box (OBJECT), stays there however
+// far the line overflows, as no break comes before it in the text (UAX #14 LB7). Blink takes it
+// as trailing items after the break after an atomic inline (HandleTrailingSpaces,
+// line_breaker.cc:2426-2534), trailing on into the next item where an item's spaces reach its end
+// (:2518-2533); WebKit gives a soft wrap opportunity after each white-space item
+// (isAtSoftWrapOpportunity, InlineFormattingUtils.cpp:408-413) and keeps each as content that hangs
+// (InlineContentBreaker.cpp:181-182); and Gecko lets an empty frame past the line's end
+// (CanPlaceFrame, nsLineLayout.cpp:1217-1270). After text that overflows, the engine's retry
+// between graphemes breaks before the white space instead. But Gecko breaks only after a run of
+// spaces and tabs (nsLineBreaker.cpp:323, :586) and doesn't hang a tab, so where the white space
+// runs into a tab, Firefox moves all of it to the next line with the tab. The walker asks once
+// per run, so a long run costs one pass.
+function staysAfterObject(segmentFlags            , start        , hangingKinds        )          {
+  let after = start + 1
+  while (after < segmentFlags.length && (1 << (segmentFlags[after]  & KIND_BITS) & hangingKinds) !== 0) after++
+  return after === segmentFlags.length || (segmentFlags[after]  & KIND_BITS) !== TAB
 }
-function walkPreparedLinesSimple(prepared, maxWidth, onLine) {
-    const { widths, kinds, breakableFitAdvances, breakablePreferredBreaks } = prepared;
-    if (widths.length === 0) return 0;
-    const engineProfile = getEngineProfile();
-    const lineFitEpsilon = engineProfile.lineFitEpsilon;
-    const fitLimit = maxWidth + lineFitEpsilon;
-    let lineCount = 0;
-    let lineW = 0;
-    let hasContent = false;
-    let lineStartSegmentIndex = 0;
-    let lineStartGraphemeIndex = 0;
-    let lineEndSegmentIndex = 0;
-    let lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
-    let pendingBreakSegmentIndex = -1;
-    let pendingBreakPaintWidth = 0;
-    function clearPendingBreak() {
-        pendingBreakSegmentIndex = -1;
-        pendingBreakPaintWidth = 0;
-    }
-    function emitCurrentLine(endSegmentIndex = lineEndSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex = lineEndGraphemeIndex, width = lineW) {
-        lineCount++;
-        onLine?.(width, lineStartSegmentIndex, lineStartGraphemeIndex, endSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex);
-        lineW = 0;
-        hasContent = false;
-        clearPendingBreak();
-    }
-    function startLineAtSegment(segmentIndex, width) {
-        hasContent = true;
-        lineStartSegmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-        lineStartGraphemeIndex = 0;
-        lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex + 1;
-        lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
-        lineW = width;
-    }
-    function startLineAtGrapheme(segmentIndex, graphemeIndex, width) {
-        hasContent = true;
-        lineStartSegmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-        lineStartGraphemeIndex = graphemeIndex;
-        lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-        lineEndGraphemeIndex = graphemeIndex + 1;
-        lineW = width;
-    }
-    function appendWholeSegment(segmentIndex, width) {
-        if (!hasContent) {
-            startLineAtSegment(segmentIndex, width);
-            return;
-        }
-        lineW += width;
-        lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex + 1;
-        lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
-    }
-    function appendBreakableSegmentFrom(segmentIndex, startGraphemeIndex) {
-        const fitAdvances = breakableFitAdvances[segmentIndex];
-        const preferredBreaks = breakablePreferredBreaks[segmentIndex] ?? null;
-        let preferredBreakIndex = preferredBreaks === null ? -1 : getNextPreferredBreakIndex(preferredBreaks, 0, startGraphemeIndex + 1);
-        let lastPreferredBreakEnd = -1;
-        let lastPreferredBreakWidth = 0;
-        let g = startGraphemeIndex;
-        while(g < fitAdvances.length){
-            const gw = fitAdvances[g];
-            if (!hasContent) {
-                startLineAtGrapheme(segmentIndex, g, gw);
-            } else if (lineW + gw > fitLimit) {
-                if (preferredBreaks !== null && lastPreferredBreakEnd > startGraphemeIndex) {
-                    emitCurrentLine(segmentIndex, lastPreferredBreakEnd, lastPreferredBreakWidth);
-                    g = lastPreferredBreakEnd;
-                    preferredBreakIndex = getNextPreferredBreakIndex(preferredBreaks, preferredBreakIndex, g + 1);
-                    lastPreferredBreakEnd = -1;
-                    lastPreferredBreakWidth = 0;
-                    continue;
+
+// Whether a line that would end at the break before `breakSegmentIndex`, painting
+// `breakWidth`, returns to an earlier opportunity: where it ends at a selected
+// discretionary hyphen that doesn't fit. A return needs an overflow that isolated
+// widths can show: the soft hyphens on the line may measure narrower joined than apart
+// by less than the overflow.
+function returnsFromUnfitHyphen(
+  prepared                  ,
+  lineStartSegmentIndex        ,
+  breakSegmentIndex        ,
+  breakWidth        ,
+  fitLimit        ,
+)          {
+  const { discretionaryHyphenContexts, segmentFlags } = prepared
+  const softHyphenIndex = breakSegmentIndex - 1
+  if (softHyphenIndex < lineStartSegmentIndex || (segmentFlags[softHyphenIndex]  & KIND_BITS) !== SOFT_HYPHEN || breakWidth <= fitLimit) return false
+  const overflow = breakWidth - fitLimit
+  let narrowing = 0
+  if (discretionaryHyphenContexts !== null) for (let i = lineStartSegmentIndex; i <= softHyphenIndex; i++) narrowing += discretionaryHyphenContexts[i] 
+  return narrowing < overflow
+}
+
+// The full walker, for text the simple walkers don't cover: from a normalized line
+// start, every line into `stats`, or with `singleLine` one line, whose width it
+// returns (null without one). Every line state is a local of this one function,
+// with no closure over it: V8 boxes a captured number, so each write to one cost
+// 12-14ns there against about 1ns for a local. It keeps its own loop over lines:
+// stepping one line per call, it read the handle and the profile and derived its
+// limits again for every line, and short lines laid out 7 to 40% slower in all
+// three browsers (RESEARCH.md, Keeping Work Bounded).
+function walkPreparedComplexLines(
+  prepared                  ,
+  cursor              ,
+  maxWidth        ,
+  onLine                                 ,
+  stats                  ,
+  singleLine = false,
+)                {
+  const {
+    widths,
+    segmentFlags,
+    breakableFitAdvances,
+    entryGeometry,
+    discretionaryHyphenWidth,
+    letterSpacing,
+    lineStartExtras,
+    lineEndTrims,
+    overflowLineEndTrims,
+    tabStopAdvance,
+    minimumTabAdvance,
+  } = prepared
+  const segmentCount = segmentFlags.length
+  const items = prepared.items
+  const hyphenWidths = items === undefined ? null : items.hyphenWidths
+  const hyphenRooms = items === undefined ? null : items.hyphenRooms
+  const itemEndHalts = items === undefined ? null : items.itemEndHalts
+  const insideExtras = items === undefined ? null : items.insideExtras
+  const fillExtras = items === undefined ? null : items.fillExtras
+  const openingEdges = items === undefined ? null : items.openingEdges
+  const emptyObjectSpaces = items === undefined ? null : items.emptyObjectSpaces
+  const emptyObjectReturns = items === undefined ? null : items.emptyObjectReturns
+  const engineProfile = getEngineProfile()
+  // Preserved spaces and tabs at the end of a line hang past it (CSS Text 3
+  // §4.1.2), so they take no room when fitting and don't size the line (§8.2).
+  // Gecko doesn't hang tabs.
+  const hangingKinds = 1 << PRESERVED_SPACE | (engineProfile.hangTabs ? 1 << TAB : 0)
+  // In Gecko a text frame's width leaves out its trailing spaces that overflow the line and
+  // keeps those that fit, whatever follows the frame (EngineProfile, hangsSpacesPerTextFrame),
+  // so in a rich-inline paragraph the run of preserved spaces that hang goes on, with what
+  // overflows, past a segment that takes no room: an object of width 0, a soft hyphen or a
+  // zero-width break, which the Gecko scan makes of a soft hyphen after white space.
+  const hangGoesOnPastEmpty = items !== undefined && engineProfile.hangsSpacesPerTextFrame
+  const testsHyphenBeforeAtomic = engineProfile.testsHyphenBeforeAtomic
+  const zeroWidthGlueTakesLine = engineProfile.zeroWidthGlueTakesLine
+  const tabsInAppUnits = engineProfile.tabsInAppUnits
+  const paddedOpeningFit = engineProfile.paddedOpeningFit
+  const hardBreakItemRetreat = engineProfile.hardBreakItemRetreat
+  // A negative width lays out as 0, as in the simple stepper.
+  const availableWidth = Math.max(0, maxWidth)
+  const fitLimit = availableWidth + engineProfile.lineFitEpsilon
+  // Preparation records soft-hyphen contexts only where the text has a soft hyphen.
+  const retreatsFromUnfitHyphen = prepared.discretionaryHyphenContexts !== null
+  // Blink's retry leaves room for the hyphen at every earlier opportunity. Gecko and
+  // WebKit return to any opportunity whose line fits. A rich-inline paragraph has that room per
+  // break (ParagraphSegmentData, hyphenRooms).
+  const reservesHyphenWidth = engineProfile.unfitHyphenRetreat === 'reduced-width'
+  const reservedHyphenWidth = reservesHyphenWidth ? discretionaryHyphenWidth : 0
+  // WebKit's return stops at the line's first opportunity, whatever its hyphen overflows:
+  // the soft hyphen the line reaches before any of its opportunities has fit, since one
+  // without a hyphen fits where the text before it did.
+  const keepsFirstBreak = retreatsFromUnfitHyphen && engineProfile.unfitHyphenRetreat === 'full-width-or-first'
+
+  let lastLineWidth                = null
+  while (true) {
+    const lineStartSegmentIndex = cursor.segmentIndex
+    const lineStartGraphemeIndex = cursor.graphemeIndex
+    let lineW = 0
+    let hasContent = false
+    let lineEndSegmentIndex = lineStartSegmentIndex
+    let lineEndGraphemeIndex = lineStartGraphemeIndex
+    let pendingBreakSegmentIndex = -1
+    // A line that ends at the pending break both fits and paints this width.
+    let pendingBreakWidth = 0
+    // The opportunity the line returns to when a selected discretionary hyphen does
+    // not fit, with that line's painted width: the latest whose line leaves room for
+    // the hyphen, which Blink's retry against the width minus the hyphen finds, or
+    // in Gecko and WebKit the latest that fits at the full width (reservedHyphenWidth).
+    // Under keepsFirstBreak it is the line's first soft hyphen, whatever its hyphen
+    // overflows, until a later opportunity fits.
+    let fitBreakSegmentIndex = -1
+    let fitBreakPaintWidth = 0
+    // The latest run of preserved spaces and tabs: the segment after it, and the
+    // line's width before it, less the line-end trim of the text it follows, with
+    // the gap after the glyph before it. In a rich-inline paragraph, the run can
+    // stay on its line after an object however far it overflows (staysAfterObject),
+    // and that width also has the edges in the run that a line ending in it paints,
+    // which are hangEdgesWidth wide (ParagraphSegmentData).
+    let hangEndSegmentIndex = -1
+    let hangStartWidth = 0
+    let hangStays = false
+    let hangEdgesWidth = 0
+    // The line-end trim of the last whole segment, where only that trim let it fit, kept
+    // past segments after it that take no room at the line end, as spaces. Every later
+    // segment that takes room overflows, so the line ends before it and paints that much less.
+    let lineEndTrimmed = 0
+    // Retained line-start ZWSP establishes the line without owning a spacing gap.
+    let zeroWidthPrefix = true
+    let afterUnspacedControl = false
+    // Where the line ends and the width it paints there, once decided: -1 ends it at
+    // the line's current end. With returnsFromHyphen, a line that ends at a selected
+    // discretionary hyphen that doesn't fit returns to the recorded earlier opportunity.
+    let endSegmentIndex = -1
+    let endGraphemeIndex = 0
+    let endWidth = 0
+    let returnsFromHyphen = false
+
+    let lineWidth                = null
+    if ((segmentFlags[lineStartSegmentIndex]  & KIND_BITS) === HARD_BREAK) {
+      // A line that starts at a hard break is an empty chunk's (normalizePreparedLineStart),
+      // as wide as what a line pays where it starts there: inside a padded rich-inline item,
+      // its extraWidth.
+      cursor.segmentIndex = lineStartSegmentIndex + 1
+      cursor.graphemeIndex = 0
+      lineWidth = lineStartExtras === null ? 0 : lineStartExtras[lineStartSegmentIndex] 
+    } else {
+      decided: {
+        // Where the line ends when its source runs out: after the chunk's hard
+        // break, or at the end of the text.
+        let consumedEndSegmentIndex        
+        for (let i = lineStartSegmentIndex; ; i++) {
+          if (i >= segmentCount) {
+            consumedEndSegmentIndex = segmentCount
+            break
+          }
+          // The graphemes of segment i from fillStart go on the line one by one, after
+          // the gap fillSpacing.
+          let fillStart        
+          let fillSpacing = 0
+          const flags = segmentFlags[i] 
+          const kind = flags & KIND_BITS
+          if (kind === HARD_BREAK) {
+            consumedEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+            break
+          }
+          const spaced = (flags & SPACED) !== 0
+          const breakAfter = (1 << kind & BREAK_AFTER_KINDS) !== 0
+          const startGraphemeIndex = i === lineStartSegmentIndex ? lineStartGraphemeIndex : 0
+          // The gap before a segment belongs to the grapheme before it. A control or
+          // a tab that takes no letter spacing still follows that gap but adds none
+          // after itself, and so does an object, which is no character (CSS Text 3,
+          // letter-spacing), as is the edge of a padded opening that hangs as white
+          // space; other segments that take none leave it as it was.
+          const gap = letterSpacing !== 0 && hasContent && !zeroWidthPrefix && !afterUnspacedControl ? letterSpacing : 0
+          let leadingSpacing = 0
+          if (letterSpacing !== 0 && (spaced || kind === CONTROL || kind === TAB || kind === OBJECT || (openingEdges !== null && openingEdges[i]  !== 0))) {
+            leadingSpacing = gap
+            afterUnspacedControl = !spaced
+          }
+          if (kind !== ZERO_WIDTH_BREAK && kind !== ZERO_WIDTH_GLUE) zeroWidthPrefix = false
+          const w = kind !== TAB ? widths[i] 
+            : items === undefined ? getTabAdvance(lineW + leadingSpacing, tabStopAdvance, minimumTabAdvance, tabsInAppUnits)
+            : getItemTabAdvance(prepared, items, i, hasContent ? lineW + leadingSpacing : lineStartExtras === null ? 0 : lineStartExtras[i] , tabsInAppUnits)
+          const advance = leadingSpacing + w
+          const endTrim = lineEndTrims === null ? 0 : lineEndTrims[i] 
+
+          if (kind === SOFT_HYPHEN && startGraphemeIndex === 0) {
+            if (hasContent) {
+              // The hyphen a line that ends here paints, and whether it has to fit. What only a
+              // rich-inline paragraph has is under one test, which is all a text's soft hyphen
+              // pays for it (RESEARCH.md, Keeping Work Bounded).
+              let hyphenWidth = discretionaryHyphenWidth
+              let fitsHyphen = true
+              if (items !== undefined) {
+                // A break comes after an object, so a line returns to it from a soft hyphen right
+                // after the object whose hyphen doesn't fit: Chrome, Firefox and Safari break
+                // there with the hyphen where it fits, and else after the object.
+                if (retreatsFromUnfitHyphen && i > lineStartSegmentIndex && (segmentFlags[i - 1]  & KIND_BITS) === OBJECT) {
+                  fitBreakSegmentIndex = i
+                  fitBreakPaintWidth = lineW
                 }
-                emitCurrentLine();
-                startLineAtGrapheme(segmentIndex, g, gw);
-            } else {
-                lineW += gw;
-                lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-                lineEndGraphemeIndex = g + 1;
-            }
-            const graphemeEnd = g + 1;
-            if (preferredBreaks !== null && preferredBreaks[preferredBreakIndex] === graphemeEnd) {
-                lastPreferredBreakEnd = graphemeEnd;
-                lastPreferredBreakWidth = lineW;
-                preferredBreakIndex++;
-            }
-            g++;
-        }
-        if (hasContent && lineEndSegmentIndex === segmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex === fitAdvances.length) {
-            lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex + 1;
-            lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    let i = 0;
-    while(i < widths.length){
-        if (!hasContent) {
-            i = normalizeLineStartSegmentIndex(prepared, i);
-            if (i >= widths.length) break;
-        }
-        const w = widths[i];
-        const kind = kinds[i];
-        const breakAfter = breaksAfter(kind);
-        if (!hasContent) {
-            if (w > fitLimit && breakableFitAdvances[i] !== null) {
-                appendBreakableSegmentFrom(i, 0);
-            } else {
-                startLineAtSegment(i, w);
-            }
-            if (breakAfter) {
-                pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i + 1;
-                pendingBreakPaintWidth = lineW - w;
-            }
-            i++;
-            continue;
-        }
-        const newW = lineW + w;
-        if (newW > fitLimit) {
-            if (breakAfter) {
-                appendWholeSegment(i, w);
-                emitCurrentLine(i + 1, 0, lineW - w);
-                i++;
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (pendingBreakSegmentIndex >= 0) {
-                if (lineEndSegmentIndex > pendingBreakSegmentIndex || lineEndSegmentIndex === pendingBreakSegmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex > 0) {
-                    emitCurrentLine();
-                    continue;
+                if (hangGoesOnPastEmpty && hangEndSegmentIndex === i) {
+                  hangEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                  hangStartWidth = Math.max(hangStartWidth, Math.min(lineW, availableWidth))
                 }
-                emitCurrentLine(pendingBreakSegmentIndex, 0, pendingBreakPaintWidth);
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (w > fitLimit && breakableFitAdvances[i] !== null) {
-                emitCurrentLine();
-                appendBreakableSegmentFrom(i, 0);
-                i++;
-                continue;
+                if (hyphenWidths !== null) hyphenWidth = hyphenWidths[i] 
+                // A soft hyphen's fit includes its own hyphen, but for one right before an atomic
+                // item where the engine never tests that hyphen (EngineProfile).
+                fitsHyphen = testsHyphenBeforeAtomic || i + 1 === segmentCount || (segmentFlags[i + 1]  & KIND_BITS) !== OBJECT || (openingEdges !== null && openingEdges[i + 1]  !== 0)
+              }
+              lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+              lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+              if (i + 1 < segmentCount && (segmentFlags[i + 1]  & KIND_BITS) !== HARD_BREAK) {
+                pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                pendingBreakWidth = lineW + hyphenWidth
+                if (retreatsFromUnfitHyphen && ((fitsHyphen ? pendingBreakWidth : lineW) <= fitLimit || (keepsFirstBreak && fitBreakSegmentIndex < 0))) {
+                  fitBreakSegmentIndex = pendingBreakSegmentIndex
+                  fitBreakPaintWidth = pendingBreakWidth
+                }
+              }
             }
-            emitCurrentLine();
-            continue;
-        }
-        appendWholeSegment(i, w);
-        if (breakAfter) {
-            pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i + 1;
-            pendingBreakPaintWidth = lineW - w;
-        }
-        i++;
-    }
-    if (hasContent) emitCurrentLine();
-    return lineCount;
-}
-export function walkPreparedLinesRaw(prepared, maxWidth, onLine) {
-    if (prepared.simpleLineWalkFastPath) return walkPreparedLinesSimple(prepared, maxWidth, onLine);
-    const cursor = {
-        segmentIndex: 0,
-        graphemeIndex: 0
-    };
-    const chunkIndex = normalizePreparedLineStart(prepared, cursor);
-    return walkPreparedComplexLines(prepared, cursor, chunkIndex, maxWidth, onLine).lineCount;
-}
-function stepPreparedChunkLineGeometry(prepared, cursor, chunkIndex, maxWidth) {
-    return walkPreparedComplexLines(prepared, cursor, chunkIndex, maxWidth, undefined, 1).lastLineWidth;
-}
-function walkPreparedComplexLines(prepared, cursor, chunkIndex, maxWidth, onLine, lineLimit = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
-    const { widths, kinds, breakableFitAdvances, breakablePreferredBreaks, discretionaryHyphenWidth } = prepared;
-    const engineProfile = getEngineProfile();
-    const lineFitEpsilon = engineProfile.lineFitEpsilon;
-    const fitLimit = maxWidth + lineFitEpsilon;
-    let lineStartSegmentIndex;
-    let lineStartGraphemeIndex;
-    let lineW;
-    let hasContent;
-    let lineEndSegmentIndex;
-    let lineEndGraphemeIndex;
-    let pendingBreakSegmentIndex;
-    let pendingBreakFitWidth;
-    let pendingBreakPaintWidth;
-    let pendingBreakKind;
-    function getCurrentLinePaintWidth() {
-        return pendingBreakKind === 'soft-hyphen' && pendingBreakSegmentIndex === lineEndSegmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex === 0 ? pendingBreakPaintWidth : lineW;
-    }
-    function finishLine(endSegmentIndex = lineEndSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex = lineEndGraphemeIndex, width = getCurrentLinePaintWidth()) {
-        if (!hasContent) return null;
-        cursor.segmentIndex = endSegmentIndex;
-        cursor.graphemeIndex = endGraphemeIndex;
-        return finalizeLinePaintWidth(prepared, width, lineStartSegmentIndex, lineStartGraphemeIndex, endSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex);
-    }
-    function startLineAtSegment(segmentIndex, width) {
-        hasContent = true;
-        lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex + 1;
-        lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
-        lineW = width;
-    }
-    function startLineAtGrapheme(segmentIndex, graphemeIndex, width) {
-        hasContent = true;
-        lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-        lineEndGraphemeIndex = graphemeIndex + 1;
-        lineW = width;
-    }
-    function appendWholeSegment(segmentIndex, advance) {
-        if (!hasContent) {
-            startLineAtSegment(segmentIndex, advance);
-            return;
-        }
-        lineW += advance;
-        lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex + 1;
-        lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
-    }
-    function updatePendingBreakForWholeSegment(kind, breakAfter, segmentIndex, segmentWidth, leadingSpacing, advance) {
-        if (!breakAfter) return;
-        const fitAdvance = getBreakOpportunityFitContribution(prepared, kind, segmentIndex, leadingSpacing);
-        const paintAdvance = getLineEndPaintContribution(prepared, kind, segmentIndex, leadingSpacing, segmentWidth);
-        pendingBreakSegmentIndex = segmentIndex + 1;
-        pendingBreakFitWidth = lineW - advance + fitAdvance;
-        pendingBreakPaintWidth = lineW - advance + paintAdvance;
-        pendingBreakKind = kind;
-    }
-    function appendBreakableSegmentFrom(segmentIndex, startGraphemeIndex) {
-        const fitAdvances = breakableFitAdvances[segmentIndex];
-        const preferredBreaks = breakablePreferredBreaks[segmentIndex] ?? null;
-        let preferredBreakIndex = preferredBreaks === null ? -1 : getNextPreferredBreakIndex(preferredBreaks, 0, startGraphemeIndex + 1);
-        let lastPreferredBreakEnd = -1;
-        let lastPreferredBreakWidth = 0;
-        for(let g = startGraphemeIndex; g < fitAdvances.length; g++){
-            const baseGw = fitAdvances[g];
-            if (!hasContent) {
-                startLineAtGrapheme(segmentIndex, g, baseGw);
-            } else {
-                const gw = getBreakableGraphemeAdvance(prepared, true, baseGw);
-                const candidatePaintWidth = lineW + gw;
-                if (getBreakableCandidateFitWidth(prepared, candidatePaintWidth) > fitLimit) {
-                    if (preferredBreaks !== null && lastPreferredBreakEnd > startGraphemeIndex) {
-                        return finishLine(segmentIndex, lastPreferredBreakEnd, lastPreferredBreakWidth);
-                    }
-                    return finishLine();
+            continue
+          }
+
+          // A line that ends after a whole segment charges its advance and the letter
+          // spacing gap after it. Spaces and zero-width breaks hang, and zero-width
+          // text owns no gap, though NEL does. Text that takes no letter spacing, such
+          // as zero-width glue, fits like the line that still ends with the gap before it.
+          let fitAdvance = 0
+          if (letterSpacing !== 0 && !spaced && !breakAfter && kind !== CONTROL) {
+            fitAdvance = gap + w
+          } else if (breakAfter ? kind === TAB : w !== 0 || kind === CONTROL) {
+            const contribution = w + (spaced ? letterSpacing : 0)
+            if (contribution !== 0) fitAdvance = leadingSpacing + contribution
+          }
+          // Two statements, for how the engines compile them: with them Safari 27 laid pre-wrap text
+          // out 4.3% faster than with the same tests as one `||` and Chrome 154 letter-spaced CJK
+          // text 2.8%, and Firefox 156 read within 1.5% either way (RESEARCH.md, Keeping Work
+          // Bounded, Work Done Only Where A Rule Applies; Decisions Log, 2026-10-08).
+          let hangs = (1 << kind & hangingKinds) !== 0
+          if (hangGoesOnPastEmpty && kind === ZERO_WIDTH_BREAK && hangEndSegmentIndex === i) hangs = true
+          if (hangs) {
+            if (hangEndSegmentIndex !== i) {
+              hangStartWidth = lineW - lineEndTrimmed + leadingSpacing
+              hangStays = false
+              if (items !== undefined && i > lineStartSegmentIndex && (segmentFlags[i - 1]  & KIND_BITS) === OBJECT) {
+                hangStays = staysAfterObject(segmentFlags, i, hangingKinds)
+                // A run that goes down with its tab leaves from the break after the object.
+                if (!hangStays) {
+                  pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i
+                  pendingBreakWidth = lineW - lineEndTrimmed
                 }
-                lineW = candidatePaintWidth;
-                lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-                lineEndGraphemeIndex = g + 1;
+              }
+              hangEdgesWidth = 0
             }
-            const graphemeEnd = g + 1;
-            if (preferredBreaks !== null && preferredBreaks[preferredBreakIndex] === graphemeEnd) {
-                lastPreferredBreakEnd = graphemeEnd;
-                lastPreferredBreakWidth = lineW;
-                preferredBreakIndex++;
+            hangEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+            if (openingEdges !== null) {
+              hangStartWidth += openingEdges[i] 
+              hangEdgesWidth += openingEdges[i] 
             }
-        }
-        if (hasContent && lineEndSegmentIndex === segmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex === fitAdvances.length) {
-            lineEndSegmentIndex = segmentIndex + 1;
-            lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-    let lineCount = 0;
-    let lastLineWidth = null;
-    while(chunkIndex >= 0 && lineCount < lineLimit){
-        lineStartSegmentIndex = cursor.segmentIndex;
-        lineStartGraphemeIndex = cursor.graphemeIndex;
-        lineW = 0;
-        hasContent = false;
-        lineEndSegmentIndex = cursor.segmentIndex;
-        lineEndGraphemeIndex = cursor.graphemeIndex;
-        pendingBreakSegmentIndex = -1;
-        pendingBreakFitWidth = 0;
-        pendingBreakPaintWidth = 0;
-        pendingBreakKind = null;
-        const chunk = prepared.chunks[chunkIndex];
-        let lineWidth = null;
-        if (chunk.startSegmentIndex === chunk.endSegmentIndex) {
-            cursor.segmentIndex = chunk.consumedEndSegmentIndex;
-            cursor.graphemeIndex = 0;
-            lineWidth = 0;
-        } else {
-            lineLoop: for(let i = cursor.segmentIndex; i < chunk.endSegmentIndex; i++){
-                const kind = kinds[i];
-                const breakAfter = breaksAfter(kind);
-                const startGraphemeIndex = i === cursor.segmentIndex ? cursor.graphemeIndex : 0;
-                const leadingSpacing = getLeadingLetterSpacing(prepared, hasContent, i);
-                const w = kind === 'tab' ? getTabAdvance(lineW + leadingSpacing, prepared.tabStopAdvance) : widths[i];
-                const advance = leadingSpacing + w;
-                const fitAdvance = getWholeSegmentFitContribution(prepared, kind, i, leadingSpacing, w);
-                if (kind === 'soft-hyphen' && startGraphemeIndex === 0) {
-                    if (hasContent) {
-                        lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1;
-                        lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
-                        if (i + 1 < chunk.endSegmentIndex) {
-                            pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i + 1;
-                            pendingBreakFitWidth = lineW + discretionaryHyphenWidth;
-                            pendingBreakPaintWidth = lineW + discretionaryHyphenWidth;
-                            pendingBreakKind = kind;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    continue;
+          }
+          // Where glue can't hold a line, glue at a line start isn't the line's content:
+          // the segment after it starts the line, however wide.
+          if (!hasContent && kind === ZERO_WIDTH_GLUE && !zeroWidthGlueTakesLine) {
+            lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+            lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+            continue
+          }
+
+          // A fresh line and a line with content admit a whole segment apart, each
+          // with its own copy of what follows admission. One path for both, testing
+          // at each step whether the line has content, laid out short lines 3 to 17%
+          // slower in all three browsers (RESEARCH.md, Keeping Work Bounded).
+          if (!hasContent) {
+            if (startGraphemeIndex > 0) {
+              fillStart = startGraphemeIndex
+            } else {
+              const startExtra = lineStartExtras === null ? 0 : lineStartExtras[i] 
+              // With no break before it on the line, an overflowing segment is laid out
+              // by Blink's retry between graphemes, which halts where that lets it fit.
+              const startTrim = overflowLineEndTrims !== null && fitAdvance + startExtra - overflowLineEndTrims[i]  <= fitLimit
+                ? overflowLineEndTrims[i] 
+                : endTrim
+              // Preserved spaces hang whole, with the advances rich inline gives them too
+              // (hardBreakItemRetreat).
+              if (fitAdvance + startExtra - startTrim > fitLimit && breakableFitAdvances[i] !== null && !hangs) {
+                fillStart = 0
+              } else {
+                hasContent = true
+                lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+                lineW = w + startExtra
+                // What the line pays at its start stays where the white space it starts with hangs.
+                if (hangs) hangStartWidth += startExtra
+                lineEndTrimmed = fitAdvance + startExtra > fitLimit && kind !== OBJECT ? startTrim : 0
+                // A mark halted at its item's end stays halted where the line goes on (below).
+                if (itemEndHalts !== null && lineEndTrimmed !== 0 && itemEndHalts[i]  !== 0) {
+                  lineW -= lineEndTrimmed
+                  lineEndTrimmed = 0
                 }
-                if (!hasContent) {
-                    if (startGraphemeIndex > 0) {
-                        const line = appendBreakableSegmentFrom(i, startGraphemeIndex);
-                        if (line !== null) {
-                            lineWidth = line;
-                            break lineLoop;
-                        }
-                    } else if (fitAdvance > fitLimit && breakableFitAdvances[i] !== null) {
-                        const line = appendBreakableSegmentFrom(i, 0);
-                        if (line !== null) {
-                            lineWidth = line;
-                            break lineLoop;
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        startLineAtSegment(i, w);
-                    }
-                    updatePendingBreakForWholeSegment(kind, breakAfter, i, w, leadingSpacing, advance);
-                    continue;
+                // The break segment hangs with the gap before it, a run of preserved
+                // spaces and tabs hangs whole, and a tab that doesn't hang counts whole.
+                if (breakAfter && (i + 1 === segmentCount || (segmentFlags[i + 1]  & UNBROKEN) === 0)) {
+                  pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                  pendingBreakWidth = hangs ? hangStartWidth : kind === TAB ? lineW : lineW - advance
                 }
-                const newFitW = lineW + fitAdvance;
-                if (newFitW > fitLimit) {
-                    const currentBreakFitWidth = lineW + getBreakOpportunityFitContribution(prepared, kind, i, leadingSpacing);
-                    const currentBreakPaintWidth = lineW + getLineEndPaintContribution(prepared, kind, i, leadingSpacing, w);
-                    if (breakAfter && currentBreakFitWidth <= fitLimit) {
-                        appendWholeSegment(i, advance);
-                        lineWidth = finishLine(i + 1, 0, currentBreakPaintWidth);
-                        break lineLoop;
-                    }
-                    if (pendingBreakSegmentIndex >= 0 && pendingBreakFitWidth <= fitLimit) {
-                        if (lineEndSegmentIndex > pendingBreakSegmentIndex || lineEndSegmentIndex === pendingBreakSegmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex > 0) {
-                            lineWidth = finishLine();
-                            break lineLoop;
-                        }
-                        lineWidth = finishLine(pendingBreakSegmentIndex, 0, pendingBreakPaintWidth);
-                        break lineLoop;
-                    }
-                    lineWidth = finishLine();
-                    break lineLoop;
+                if (retreatsFromUnfitHyphen && breakAfter && pendingBreakWidth + (hyphenRooms === null || pendingBreakSegmentIndex < 0 ? reservedHyphenWidth : hyphenRooms[pendingBreakSegmentIndex] ) <= fitLimit) {
+                  fitBreakSegmentIndex = pendingBreakSegmentIndex
+                  fitBreakPaintWidth = pendingBreakWidth
                 }
-                appendWholeSegment(i, advance);
-                updatePendingBreakForWholeSegment(kind, breakAfter, i, w, leadingSpacing, advance);
+                continue
+              }
             }
-            if (lineWidth === null) {
-                lineWidth = pendingBreakSegmentIndex === chunk.consumedEndSegmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex === 0 ? finishLine(chunk.consumedEndSegmentIndex, 0, pendingBreakPaintWidth) : finishLine(chunk.consumedEndSegmentIndex, 0, lineW);
+          } else {
+            // A run of preserved spaces and tabs fits where the text before it fits, and after an
+            // object however far the line overflows (staysAfterObject).
+            const newFitW = hangs ? hangStartWidth - hangEdgesWidth : lineW + fitAdvance
+            // Whether the segment ends the line. What only a rich-inline paragraph has is under one
+            // test, as at a soft hyphen (above).
+            let overflows = newFitW - endTrim > fitLimit
+            if (items !== undefined) {
+              // Blink and WebKit move an object of width 0 that doesn't fit to the next line as any
+              // other. Gecko places an empty frame though it sticks out of the line (CanPlaceFrame,
+              // nsLineLayout.cpp:1264-1269; EngineProfile, emptyAtomicAlwaysFits). It sticks out
+              // where the content before it ends past the line's end, with the collapsed space
+              // before the object, which a line end trims no more once the object follows it
+              // (nsLineLayout.cpp:1017-1020), and without the preserved spaces that hang, which
+              // end at the line's end (nsTextFrame.cpp:11216-11229). The line then ends before it
+              // where the text before it ends in white space and its last frame ends past the
+              // line's end without that frame's own spaces, as the line breaks after the white
+              // space (nsTextFrame.cpp:11443-11456), and where a break comes before the object
+              // and what follows it sends the line back there (ParagraphSegmentData).
+              let placesEmptyObject = false
+              if (emptyObjectSpaces !== null && kind === OBJECT && w === 0 && newFitW > fitLimit) {
+                const contentW = hangEndSegmentIndex === i ? hangStartWidth : lineW
+                const space = emptyObjectSpaces[i] 
+                placesEmptyObject = contentW <= fitLimit || !((space >= 0 && contentW - space > fitLimit) || emptyObjectReturns [i] === 1)
+              }
+              // No engine lets content make a line narrower (findWholeLine in src/rich-inline.ts),
+              // so a segment of less than no advance, as a letter under a letter spacing more
+              // negative than it is wide, doesn't bring a line that overflows back.
+              const narrowsOverflow = fitAdvance < 0 && lineW - lineEndTrimmed > fitLimit
+              overflows = (overflows || narrowsOverflow) && !(hangs && hangStays) && !placesEmptyObject
+              if (hangGoesOnPastEmpty && !overflows && hangEndSegmentIndex === i && kind === OBJECT && w === 0) {
+                hangEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                hangStartWidth = Math.max(hangStartWidth, Math.min(lineW + advance, availableWidth))
+              }
             }
-        }
-        if (lineWidth === null) break;
-        lastLineWidth = lineWidth;
-        lineCount++;
-        onLine?.(lineWidth, lineStartSegmentIndex, lineStartGraphemeIndex, cursor.segmentIndex, cursor.graphemeIndex);
-        if (lineCount < lineLimit) chunkIndex = normalizeLineStartChunkIndexFromHint(prepared, chunkIndex, cursor);
-    }
-    return {
-        lineCount,
-        lastLineWidth
-    };
-}
-function stepPreparedSimpleLineGeometry(prepared, cursor, maxWidth) {
-    const { widths, kinds, breakableFitAdvances, breakablePreferredBreaks } = prepared;
-    const engineProfile = getEngineProfile();
-    const lineFitEpsilon = engineProfile.lineFitEpsilon;
-    const fitLimit = maxWidth + lineFitEpsilon;
-    let lineW = 0;
-    let hasContent = false;
-    let lineEndSegmentIndex = cursor.segmentIndex;
-    let lineEndGraphemeIndex = cursor.graphemeIndex;
-    let pendingBreakSegmentIndex = -1;
-    let pendingBreakPaintWidth = 0;
-    for(let i = cursor.segmentIndex; i < widths.length; i++){
-        const kind = kinds[i];
-        const breakAfter = breaksAfter(kind);
-        const startGraphemeIndex = i === cursor.segmentIndex ? cursor.graphemeIndex : 0;
-        const breakableFitAdvance = breakableFitAdvances[i];
-        const w = widths[i];
-        if (!hasContent) {
-            if (startGraphemeIndex > 0 || w > fitLimit && breakableFitAdvance !== null) {
-                const fitAdvances = breakableFitAdvance;
-                const preferredBreaks = breakablePreferredBreaks[i] ?? null;
-                let preferredBreakIndex = preferredBreaks === null ? -1 : getNextPreferredBreakIndex(preferredBreaks, 0, startGraphemeIndex + 1);
-                let lastPreferredBreakEnd = -1;
-                let lastPreferredBreakWidth = 0;
-                const firstGraphemeWidth = fitAdvances[startGraphemeIndex];
-                hasContent = true;
-                lineW = firstGraphemeWidth;
-                lineEndSegmentIndex = i;
-                lineEndGraphemeIndex = startGraphemeIndex + 1;
-                if (preferredBreaks !== null && preferredBreaks[preferredBreakIndex] === lineEndGraphemeIndex) {
-                    lastPreferredBreakEnd = lineEndGraphemeIndex;
-                    lastPreferredBreakWidth = lineW;
-                    preferredBreakIndex++;
+            if (overflows) {
+              // A break segment hangs with the gap before it, after the content before
+              // it, which fits without its line-end trim. A collapsible space or ZWSP
+              // hangs even after overflowing content that started the line, as the
+              // simple stepper does; a preserved space there starts the next line. A
+              // tab that doesn't hang goes to the next line, as text does. A ZWSP also
+              // hangs right after an object, as after the start edge of its item's opening,
+              // which the line took by the part it fits; after a chip wider than the line
+              // that is Firefox's line, where Chrome and Safari give a ZWSP that ends the
+              // paragraph a line of its own (ENGINE_FOLLOWUPS.md, Rich-inline item edges).
+              const contentW = lineW - lineEndTrimmed
+              if (breakAfter && (hangs || kind !== TAB) && (contentW <= fitLimit ||
+                (pendingBreakSegmentIndex < 0 && (kind === SPACE || kind === ZERO_WIDTH_BREAK)) ||
+                (kind === ZERO_WIDTH_BREAK && (segmentFlags[i - 1]  & KIND_BITS) === OBJECT))) {
+                endWidth = hangs ? hangStartWidth : contentW
+                lineW += advance
+                endSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                endGraphemeIndex = 0
+                break decided
+              }
+              // Gecko's line returns from a tab that doesn't fit to its latest break (below), as
+              // BreakAndMeasureText keeps the last break whose line fits (gfxTextRun.cpp:1086-1101).
+              // Without one it wraps before the tab, as break-word lets it before any cluster
+              // (:1069-1072), and the spaces before the tab hang.
+              if (kind === TAB && !hangs && pendingBreakSegmentIndex < 0) {
+                endSegmentIndex = i
+                endGraphemeIndex = 0
+                endWidth = hangEndSegmentIndex === i && i > lineStartSegmentIndex ? hangStartWidth : contentW
+                break decided
+              }
+
+              const unbroken = (flags & UNBROKEN) !== 0
+              // An object with no break before it is the start edge of a padded rich-inline
+              // item's opening (src/rich-inline.ts). Blink's line trails once the preserved
+              // spaces it ends with overflow: it takes the white space after them, the tags of
+              // spans that open among it and a forced break with no fit (HandleTrailingSpaces,
+              // line_breaker.cc:2426-2534), so an edge right after such a run joins it, taking
+              // no room. The spaces overflow where the content before them fits with the start
+              // edges of the spans that open among them, half of each such edge (getOpeningFit),
+              // and the spaces after those edges don't; an overflow before the spaces or at a
+              // span's end edge returns instead. WebKit fits the content it places without the
+              // white space that hangs before it (hangingContentWidth,
+              // InlineContentBreaker.cpp:183-186), so there the edge joins the run where it fits
+              // after the content before the run.
+              if (kind === OBJECT && unbroken && hangEndSegmentIndex === i && (paddedOpeningFit === 'start'
+                ? hangStartWidth - hangEdgesWidth / 2 <= fitLimit && lineW - hangEdgesWidth / 2 > fitLimit
+                : paddedOpeningFit === 'placed' && hangStartWidth - hangEdgesWidth + w - endTrim <= fitLimit)) {
+                hangEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                hangStartWidth += w
+                hangEdgesWidth += w
+                lineW += advance
+                lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+                continue
+              }
+              // Where the scan gives no break before the segment, as before NEL (UAX #14
+              // LB6), the line returns to its last break. Without one, Blink and WebKit retry
+              // between graphemes, so the segment's graphemes fill it.
+              if (unbroken && pendingBreakSegmentIndex >= 0) {
+                lineEndSegmentIndex = pendingBreakSegmentIndex
+                lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+              }
+              if (!unbroken || pendingBreakSegmentIndex >= 0) {
+                returnsFromHyphen = true
+                break decided
+              }
+              // Blink's retry halts the segment where that lets it fit, and the line ends after it,
+              // but where the segment ends its item, whose mark stays halted while the line goes on.
+              if (overflowLineEndTrims !== null && newFitW - overflowLineEndTrims[i]  <= fitLimit) {
+                lineW += advance
+                lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+                lineEndTrimmed = overflowLineEndTrims[i] 
+                if (itemEndHalts !== null && itemEndHalts[i]  !== 0) {
+                  lineW -= lineEndTrimmed
+                  lineEndTrimmed = 0
+                }
+                continue
+              }
+              // Where the line of such an edge has no break to return to, the line ends before
+              // it, but before a hard break only in Blink, whose retry breaks between any two
+              // graphemes: WebKit and Gecko end the line before the last grapheme of the text
+              // before the edge, and keep the edge on a line that grapheme starts (EngineProfile,
+              // hardBreakItemRetreat). Of preserved spaces there, whose advances rich inline
+              // gives, Gecko moves the last and WebKit those that don't fit: all of them where a
+              // negative letter spacing leaves a space no advance, so that giving one up gives no
+              // overflow back. The ones the line keeps hang.
+              if (kind === OBJECT && hardBreakItemRetreat !== 'item' && i + 1 < segmentCount && (segmentFlags[i + 1]  & KIND_BITS) === HARD_BREAK) {
+                const beforeFlags = segmentFlags[i - 1] 
+                const beforeKind = beforeFlags & KIND_BITS
+                const spaceAdvances = beforeKind === PRESERVED_SPACE ? breakableFitAdvances[i - 1]  : null
+                if (spaceAdvances !== null) {
+                  const count = spaceAdvances.length
+                  const spaceAdvance = spaceAdvances[0] 
+                  const moved = hardBreakItemRetreat !== 'fit' || lineW <= fitLimit ? 1 : spaceAdvance > 0 ? Math.min(count, Math.ceil((lineW - fitLimit) / spaceAdvance)) : count
+                  // The start edge of the spaces' own item is no content to leave on the line.
+                  const contentStart = openingEdges !== null && openingEdges[lineStartSegmentIndex]  !== 0 ? lineStartSegmentIndex + 1 : lineStartSegmentIndex
+                  if (i - 1 > contentStart || count - moved > lineStartGraphemeIndex) {
+                    endSegmentIndex = i - 1
+                    endGraphemeIndex = count - moved
+                    endWidth = hangStartWidth
+                    break decided
+                  }
                 }
-                for(let g = startGraphemeIndex + 1; g < fitAdvances.length; g++){
-                    const gw = fitAdvances[g];
-                    if (lineW + gw > fitLimit) {
-                        if (preferredBreaks !== null && lastPreferredBreakEnd > startGraphemeIndex) {
-                            cursor.segmentIndex = i;
-                            cursor.graphemeIndex = lastPreferredBreakEnd;
-                            return lastPreferredBreakWidth;
-                        }
-                        cursor.segmentIndex = lineEndSegmentIndex;
-                        cursor.graphemeIndex = lineEndGraphemeIndex;
-                        return lineW;
-                    }
-                    lineW += gw;
-                    lineEndSegmentIndex = i;
-                    lineEndGraphemeIndex = g + 1;
-                    if (preferredBreaks !== null && preferredBreaks[preferredBreakIndex] === lineEndGraphemeIndex) {
-                        lastPreferredBreakEnd = lineEndGraphemeIndex;
-                        lastPreferredBreakWidth = lineW;
-                        preferredBreakIndex++;
-                    }
+                const beforeAdvances = beforeKind === TEXT || beforeKind === CONTROL ? breakableFitAdvances[i - 1]  : null
+                const spacing = (beforeFlags & SPACED) !== 0 ? letterSpacing : 0
+                if (beforeAdvances !== null && (i - 1 > lineStartSegmentIndex || beforeAdvances.length - 1 > lineStartGraphemeIndex)) {
+                  endSegmentIndex = i - 1
+                  endGraphemeIndex = beforeAdvances.length - 1
+                  endWidth = lineW - beforeAdvances[endGraphemeIndex]  - spacing
+                  break decided
                 }
-                if (lineEndSegmentIndex === i && lineEndGraphemeIndex === fitAdvances.length) {
-                    lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1;
-                    lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
+                if (beforeAdvances === null && (beforeKind === TEXT || beforeKind === CONTROL) && i - 1 > lineStartSegmentIndex) {
+                  endSegmentIndex = i - 1
+                  endGraphemeIndex = 0
+                  endWidth = lineW - widths[i - 1]  - spacing
+                  break decided
                 }
+                if (spaceAdvances !== null || (beforeKind !== PRESERVED_SPACE && beforeKind !== TAB)) {
+                  lineW += advance
+                  lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                  lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+                  lineEndTrimmed = 0
+                  continue
+                }
+              }
+              if (breakableFitAdvances[i] === null) {
+                returnsFromHyphen = true
+                break decided
+              }
+              fillStart = 0
+              fillSpacing = leadingSpacing
             } else {
-                hasContent = true;
-                lineW = w;
-                lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1;
-                lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
+              // A break the scan gives before text is one the line can return to.
+              if ((flags & RETURNABLE) !== 0 && !breakAfter && pendingBreakSegmentIndex !== i) {
+                pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i
+                pendingBreakWidth = lineW
+              }
+              // A break the scan gives between two text segments, as after `-` or between
+              // ideographs, is an opportunity the line returns to like any other. The line up
+              // to it fit when its last segment was admitted, with the letter-spacing gap after
+              // it that lineW leaves out, so only Blink's room for the hyphen is tested here.
+              if (retreatsFromUnfitHyphen && !breakAfter && (flags & UNBROKEN) === 0 && i > lineStartSegmentIndex &&
+                !breaksAfterKind(segmentFlags[i - 1]  & KIND_BITS) && (!reservesHyphenWidth || lineW + (hyphenRooms === null ? discretionaryHyphenWidth : hyphenRooms[i] ) <= fitLimit)) {
+                fitBreakSegmentIndex = i
+                fitBreakPaintWidth = lineW
+              }
+              lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+              lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+              if (itemEndHalts !== null && newFitW > fitLimit && itemEndHalts[i]  !== 0) {
+                // A closing mark that ends its item and fits the line only halted stays halted where
+                // the line goes on: the line takes it at its halted width, and what follows fits
+                // after that (ParagraphSegmentData, itemEndHalts).
+                lineW += advance - endTrim
+                lineEndTrimmed = 0
+              } else {
+                lineW += advance
+                // A segment that takes no room at the line end, as a space, leaves the glyph
+                // before it last on the line, with its trim.
+                if (fitAdvance !== 0 && !hangs) lineEndTrimmed = newFitW > fitLimit && kind !== OBJECT ? endTrim : 0
+              }
+              if (breakAfter && (i + 1 === segmentCount || (segmentFlags[i + 1]  & UNBROKEN) === 0)) {
+                pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                pendingBreakWidth = hangs ? hangStartWidth : kind === TAB ? lineW : lineW - advance - lineEndTrimmed
+              }
+              if (retreatsFromUnfitHyphen && breakAfter && pendingBreakWidth + (hyphenRooms === null || pendingBreakSegmentIndex < 0 ? reservedHyphenWidth : hyphenRooms[pendingBreakSegmentIndex] ) <= fitLimit) {
+                fitBreakSegmentIndex = pendingBreakSegmentIndex
+                fitBreakPaintWidth = pendingBreakWidth
+              }
+              continue
             }
-            if (breakAfter) {
-                pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i + 1;
-                pendingBreakPaintWidth = lineW - w;
+          }
+
+          // A grapheme fits with the letter spacing after it.
+          const fitAdvances = breakableFitAdvances[i] 
+          const fitCount = fitAdvances.length
+          const entry = entryGeometry === null ? null : entryGeometry[i] 
+          // Entry geometry describes whole segment tails on a fresh line.
+          const freshWhole = hasContent ? null : getSegmentEntryWidth(entry, fillStart, fitCount)
+          if (freshWhole !== null) {
+            // This branch reads a width for each question: in getFreshLineEnd(), the entry's
+            // admissionFit for whether the whole tail fits and the fresh prefixes for where
+            // the line ends where it doesn't; then the tail's fresh width, freshWhole, for the
+            // line that goes on. The line takes its first grapheme even where that doesn't
+            // fit, so it advances.
+            const end = getFreshLineEnd(entry , fillStart, fitCount, fitLimit)
+            hasContent = true
+            if (end <= fitCount) {
+              lineEndSegmentIndex = i
+              lineEndGraphemeIndex = end
+              lineW = getSegmentEntryWidth(entry, fillStart, end)  - letterSpacing
+              // Where the fresh prefixes reach the segment's end though the whole tail wasn't
+              // admitted, the line ends after the segment and takes nothing after it. Only
+              // an admitted tail lets the line go on with the text after it (below).
+              if (end === fitCount) {
+                endSegmentIndex = i + 1
+                endGraphemeIndex = 0
+                endWidth = lineW - lineEndTrimmed
+              }
+              break decided
             }
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (lineW + w > fitLimit) {
-            if (breakAfter) {
-                cursor.segmentIndex = i + 1;
-                cursor.graphemeIndex = 0;
-                return lineW;
-            }
-            if (pendingBreakSegmentIndex >= 0) {
-                if (lineEndSegmentIndex > pendingBreakSegmentIndex || lineEndSegmentIndex === pendingBreakSegmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex > 0) {
-                    cursor.segmentIndex = lineEndSegmentIndex;
-                    cursor.graphemeIndex = lineEndGraphemeIndex;
-                    return lineW;
+            lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+            lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+            lineW = freshWhole - letterSpacing
+          } else {
+            for (let g = fillStart; g < fitCount; g++) {
+              const baseGw = fitAdvances[g] 
+              if (!hasContent) {
+                hasContent = true
+                lineEndSegmentIndex = i
+                lineEndGraphemeIndex = g + 1
+                const startExtras = prepared.breakableLineStartExtras?.[i] ?? null
+                lineW = startExtras === null ? baseGw : baseGw + startExtras[g] 
+                // A line that starts inside a padded rich-inline item, or fills its first
+                // segment, pays the item's extraWidth (ParagraphSegmentData).
+                if (g > 0 ? insideExtras !== null : fillExtras !== null) lineW += g > 0 ? insideExtras [i]  : fillExtras [i] 
+                // A line that holds only this grapheme, overflowing, keeps the graphemes after
+                // it that can't start a line, and ends.
+                const end = lineW + letterSpacing > fitLimit
+                  ? getOverflowingFirstGraphemeEnd(prepared, i, g, fitCount)
+                  : g + 1
+                if (end > g + 1) {
+                  for (let k = g + 1; k < end; k++) lineW += fitAdvances[k]  + letterSpacing
+                  endSegmentIndex = end === fitCount ? i + 1 : i
+                  endGraphemeIndex = end === fitCount ? 0 : end
+                  endWidth = lineW - lineEndTrimmed
+                  break decided
                 }
-                cursor.segmentIndex = pendingBreakSegmentIndex;
-                cursor.graphemeIndex = 0;
-                return pendingBreakPaintWidth;
+              } else {
+                const candidatePaintWidth = lineW + (baseGw + (g > fillStart ? letterSpacing : fillSpacing))
+                if (candidatePaintWidth + letterSpacing > fitLimit) break decided
+                lineW = candidatePaintWidth
+                lineEndSegmentIndex = i
+                lineEndGraphemeIndex = g + 1
+              }
             }
-            cursor.segmentIndex = lineEndSegmentIndex;
-            cursor.graphemeIndex = lineEndGraphemeIndex;
-            return lineW;
+          }
+          if (hasContent && lineEndSegmentIndex === i && lineEndGraphemeIndex === fitCount) {
+            lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1
+            lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0
+          }
+        }
+
+        // A line that ends where its source runs out at an unfit selected hyphen
+        // returns as well.
+        endSegmentIndex = consumedEndSegmentIndex
+        endGraphemeIndex = 0
+        if (pendingBreakSegmentIndex === consumedEndSegmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex === 0) {
+          endWidth = pendingBreakWidth
+          returnsFromHyphen = true
+        } else {
+          endWidth = lineW - lineEndTrimmed
         }
-        lineW += w;
-        lineEndSegmentIndex = i + 1;
-        lineEndGraphemeIndex = 0;
-        if (breakAfter) {
-            pendingBreakSegmentIndex = i + 1;
-            pendingBreakPaintWidth = lineW - w;
+      }
+
+      if (hasContent) {
+        if (
+          returnsFromHyphen &&
+          fitBreakSegmentIndex >= 0 &&
+          pendingBreakSegmentIndex === lineEndSegmentIndex &&
+          lineEndGraphemeIndex === 0 &&
+          returnsFromUnfitHyphen(prepared, lineStartSegmentIndex, lineEndSegmentIndex, pendingBreakWidth, fitLimit)
+        ) {
+          endSegmentIndex = fitBreakSegmentIndex
+          endGraphemeIndex = 0
+          endWidth = fitBreakPaintWidth
+        } else if (endSegmentIndex < 0) {
+          // A line that ends at its pending break paints the pending width, and one that wraps
+          // right after a run of preserved spaces and tabs hangs it, with no break there too.
+          endSegmentIndex = lineEndSegmentIndex
+          endGraphemeIndex = lineEndGraphemeIndex
+          endWidth = pendingBreakSegmentIndex === lineEndSegmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex === 0 ? pendingBreakWidth
+            : items !== undefined && hangEndSegmentIndex === lineEndSegmentIndex && lineEndGraphemeIndex === 0 ? hangStartWidth
+            : lineW - lineEndTrimmed
         }
+        cursor.segmentIndex = endSegmentIndex
+        cursor.graphemeIndex = endGraphemeIndex
+        // Preserved spaces and tabs before a hard break or the end of the text
+        // hang only where they don't fit (CSS Text 3 §8.2).
+        const hangsWhereUnfit =
+          endGraphemeIndex === 0 &&
+          hangEndSegmentIndex >= 0 &&
+          (endSegmentIndex === hangEndSegmentIndex || endSegmentIndex === hangEndSegmentIndex + 1) &&
+          (hangEndSegmentIndex === segmentCount || (segmentFlags[hangEndSegmentIndex]  & KIND_BITS) === HARD_BREAK)
+        const paintWidth = (hangsWhereUnfit ? lineW - lineEndTrimmed : endWidth) +
+          getTerminalLetterSpacing(prepared, openingEdges, hangingKinds, lineStartSegmentIndex, lineStartGraphemeIndex, endSegmentIndex, endGraphemeIndex)
+        lineWidth = hangsWhereUnfit ? Math.max(hangStartWidth, Math.min(paintWidth, availableWidth)) : paintWidth
+      }
     }
-    if (!hasContent) return null;
-    cursor.segmentIndex = lineEndSegmentIndex;
-    cursor.graphemeIndex = lineEndGraphemeIndex;
-    return lineW;
-}
-export function stepPreparedLineGeometryFromChunk(prepared, cursor, chunkIndex, maxWidth) {
-    if (prepared.simpleLineWalkFastPath) {
-        return stepPreparedSimpleLineGeometry(prepared, cursor, maxWidth);
+    if (lineWidth === null) break
+    lastLineWidth = lineWidth
+    if (stats !== null) {
+      stats.lineCount++
+      if (lineWidth > stats.maxLineWidth) stats.maxLineWidth = lineWidth
     }
-    return stepPreparedChunkLineGeometry(prepared, cursor, chunkIndex, maxWidth);
+    onLine?.(lineWidth, lineStartSegmentIndex, lineStartGraphemeIndex, cursor.segmentIndex, cursor.graphemeIndex)
+    // A single-line caller owns normalization of the following line.
+    if (singleLine || !normalizePreparedLineStart(prepared, cursor)) break
+  }
+  return lastLineWidth
 }
-export function stepPreparedLineGeometry(prepared, cursor, maxWidth) {
-    const chunkIndex = normalizePreparedLineStart(prepared, cursor);
-    if (chunkIndex < 0) return null;
-    return stepPreparedLineGeometryFromChunk(prepared, cursor, chunkIndex, maxWidth);
-}
-export function measurePreparedLineGeometry(prepared, maxWidth) {
-    if (prepared.widths.length === 0) {
-        return {
-            lineCount: 0,
-            maxLineWidth: 0
-        };
+
+// Steps one line of a fast-path handle from a normalized line start.
+function stepPreparedSimpleLineGeometry(
+  prepared                  ,
+  cursor              ,
+  maxWidth        ,
+)         {
+  const { widths, segmentFlags, breakableFitAdvances, entryGeometry, lineStartExtras, lineEndTrims, overflowLineEndTrims } = prepared
+  // A negative width lays out as 0, as in the complex walker.
+  const fitLimit = Math.max(0, maxWidth) + getEngineProfile().lineFitEpsilon
+  const start = cursor.segmentIndex
+
+  // The first segment of the line, or the rest of one a line ended inside. One that
+  // overflows and can break fills the line grapheme by grapheme.
+  const startAdvances = breakableFitAdvances[start]
+  const startW = lineStartExtras === null ? widths[start]  : widths[start]  + lineStartExtras[start] 
+  const startEndTrim = lineEndTrims === null ? 0 : lineEndTrims[start] 
+  // Blink's retry between graphemes halts an overflowing first segment where that lets it fit.
+  const startTrim = overflowLineEndTrims !== null && startW - overflowLineEndTrims[start]  <= fitLimit
+    ? overflowLineEndTrims[start] 
+    : startEndTrim
+  // A line that starts inside a segment where it has fresh-line geometry takes the
+  // tail, and goes on, or its fresh prefixes.
+  const entry = cursor.graphemeIndex > 0 && entryGeometry !== null ? entryGeometry[start]  : null
+  let lineW        
+  // The line-end trim of the last segment, where only that trim let it fit. Every
+  // later segment overflows, so the line ends after it and paints that much less.
+  let endTrimmed = 0
+  if (entry !== null && entry.entries[cursor.graphemeIndex] !== null) {
+    const segmentEnd = startAdvances .length
+    const end = getFreshLineEnd(entry, cursor.graphemeIndex, segmentEnd, fitLimit)
+    lineW = getSegmentEntryWidth(entry, cursor.graphemeIndex, Math.min(end, segmentEnd)) 
+    if (end <= segmentEnd) {
+      cursor.segmentIndex = end === segmentEnd ? start + 1 : start
+      cursor.graphemeIndex = end === segmentEnd ? 0 : end
+      return lineW
     }
-    const cursor = {
-        segmentIndex: 0,
-        graphemeIndex: 0
-    };
-    let lineCount = 0;
-    let maxLineWidth = 0;
-    if (!prepared.simpleLineWalkFastPath) {
-        const chunkIndex = normalizePreparedLineStart(prepared, cursor);
-        lineCount = walkPreparedComplexLines(prepared, cursor, chunkIndex, maxWidth, (width)=>{
-            if (width > maxLineWidth) maxLineWidth = width;
-        }).lineCount;
-        return {
-            lineCount,
-            maxLineWidth
-        };
+  } else if (cursor.graphemeIndex > 0 || (startW - startTrim > fitLimit && startAdvances !== null)) {
+    const fitAdvances = startAdvances 
+    const startExtras = prepared.breakableLineStartExtras?.[start] ?? null
+    let g = cursor.graphemeIndex + 1
+    lineW = startExtras === null ? fitAdvances[g - 1]  : fitAdvances[g - 1]  + startExtras[g - 1] 
+    // A line that starts inside a padded rich-inline item, or fills its first segment, pays
+    // the item's extraWidth (ParagraphSegmentData).
+    const items = prepared.items
+    if (items !== undefined && (g > 1 ? items.insideExtras !== null : items.fillExtras !== null)) lineW += g > 1 ? items.insideExtras [start]  : items.fillExtras [start] 
+    // A line that holds only an overflowing grapheme keeps the graphemes after it
+    // that can't start a line, and ends.
+    const overflowEnd = lineW > fitLimit ? getOverflowingFirstGraphemeEnd(prepared, start, g - 1, fitAdvances.length) : g
+    if (overflowEnd > g) {
+      for (; g < overflowEnd; g++) lineW += fitAdvances[g] 
+      cursor.segmentIndex = g === fitAdvances.length ? start + 1 : start
+      cursor.graphemeIndex = g === fitAdvances.length ? 0 : g
+      return lineW
     }
-    while(true){
-        const lineWidth = stepPreparedLineGeometry(prepared, cursor, maxWidth);
-        if (lineWidth === null) {
-            return {
-                lineCount,
-                maxLineWidth
-            };
-        }
-        lineCount++;
-        if (lineWidth > maxLineWidth) maxLineWidth = lineWidth;
+    for (; g < fitAdvances.length; g++) {
+      if (lineW + fitAdvances[g]  > fitLimit) {
+        cursor.graphemeIndex = g
+        return lineW
+      }
+      lineW += fitAdvances[g] 
     }
+  } else {
+    lineW = startW
+    if (startW > fitLimit) endTrimmed = startTrim
+  }
+
+  // Every boundary of a fast-path handle is a break, so the line takes whole
+  // segments until one overflows. An overflowing space or ZWSP hangs and ends the
+  // line; before other text, the line leaves out a space or ZWSP it ends with.
+  for (let i = start + 1; i < widths.length; i++) {
+    const w = widths[i] 
+    const endTrim = lineEndTrims === null ? 0 : lineEndTrims[i] 
+    if (lineW + w - endTrim > fitLimit) {
+      const hangs = breaksAfterKind(segmentFlags[i]  & KIND_BITS)
+      cursor.segmentIndex = hangs ? i + 1 : i
+      cursor.graphemeIndex = 0
+      return !hangs && breaksAfterKind(segmentFlags[i - 1]  & KIND_BITS) ? lineW - widths[i - 1]  : lineW - endTrimmed
+    }
+    lineW += w
+    endTrimmed = lineW > fitLimit ? endTrim : 0
+  }
+  cursor.segmentIndex = widths.length
+  cursor.graphemeIndex = 0
+  return lineW - endTrimmed
+}
+
+// Steps one line from a normalized line start. A cursor inside a segment needs that segment's
+// breakable fit advances.
+export function stepPreparedLineGeometryFromStart(
+  prepared                  ,
+  cursor              ,
+  maxWidth        ,
+)                {
+  if (prepared.simpleLineWalkFastPath) return stepPreparedSimpleLineGeometry(prepared, cursor, maxWidth)
+  return walkPreparedComplexLines(prepared, cursor, maxWidth, undefined, null, true)
 }