rapidoc 11.0.0 → 12.0.0

package/src/utils/schema-utils.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1927 @@
+/**
+ * Generates a deterministic sample string matching common regex patterns in OpenAPI schemas.
+ * Falls back to the pattern string if an unexpected error occurs.
+ */
+export function patternSampleGenerator(pattern) {
+  if (!pattern || typeof pattern !== "string") {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  try {
+    let p = pattern.trim();
+    if (p.startsWith("^")) p = p.slice(1);
+    if (p.endsWith("$") && !p.endsWith("\\$")) p = p.slice(0, -1);
+
+    // Resolve simple group alternations: (opt1|opt2|opt3) -> opt1
+    p = p.replace(/\((?:\?:)?([^()|]+)(?:\|[^()]+)*\)/g, "$1");
+
+    // Tokenizer matching
+    const tokenRegex =
+      /(\[[^\]]+\]|\\[dwsDWS]|\\[^]|\.|[^\\[\]{}()+*?|])(?:\{(\d+)(?:,\d*)?\}|([+*?]))?/g;
+
+    let result = "";
+    let match;
+
+    while ((match = tokenRegex.exec(p)) !== null) {
+      const token = match[1];
+      const count = match[2];
+      const quantifier = match[3];
+
+      let rep = 1;
+      if (count !== undefined) {
+        rep = parseInt(count, 10);
+      } else if (quantifier === "+") {
+        rep = 1;
+      } else if (quantifier === "*" || quantifier === "?") {
+        rep = 0;
+      }
+
+      rep = Math.min(Math.max(0, rep), 50);
+
+      let sampleChar = "a";
+      if (token === "\\d") {
+        sampleChar = "0";
+      } else if (token === "\\D") {
+        sampleChar = "a";
+      } else if (token === "\\w") {
+        sampleChar = "a";
+      } else if (token === "\\W") {
+        sampleChar = "_";
+      } else if (token === "\\s") {
+        sampleChar = " ";
+      } else if (token === "\\S") {
+        sampleChar = "a";
+      } else if (token === ".") {
+        sampleChar = "a";
+      } else if (token.startsWith("\\")) {
+        sampleChar = token.slice(1);
+      } else if (token.startsWith("[")) {
+        const inner = token.slice(1, -1);
+        if (inner.startsWith("^")) {
+          sampleChar = inner.includes("a") ? "0" : "a";
+        } else if (/[1-9]/.test(inner) && !inner.includes("0")) {
+          sampleChar = "1";
+        } else if (/[0-9]/.test(inner) && !/[a-zA-Z]/.test(inner)) {
+          sampleChar = "0";
+        } else if (/[0-9]/.test(inner) && /[a-fA-F]/.test(inner) && !/[g-zG-Z]/.test(inner)) {
+          sampleChar = "0";
+        } else if (/[A-Z]/.test(inner) && !/[a-z]/.test(inner)) {
+          sampleChar = "A";
+        } else if (/[a-z]/.test(inner)) {
+          sampleChar = "a";
+        } else if (inner.length > 0) {
+          sampleChar = inner[0];
+        }
+      } else {
+        sampleChar = token;
+      }
+
+      result += sampleChar.repeat(rep);
+    }
+
+    return result || pattern;
+  } catch {
+    return pattern;
+  }
+}
+
+// Takes a value as input and provides a printable string to replresent null values, spaces, blankstring etc
+export function getPrintableVal(val) {
+  if (val === undefined) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  if (val === null) {
+    return "null";
+  }
+  if (val === "") {
+    return "∅";
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "boolean" || typeof val === "number") {
+    return `${val}`;
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+    return val
+      .map((v) =>
+        v === null
+          ? "null"
+          : v === ""
+            ? "∅"
+            : v.toString().replace(/^ +| +$/g, (m) => "●".repeat(m.length)) || "",
+      )
+      .join(", ");
+  }
+  if (typeof val === "object") {
+    const keys = Object.keys(val);
+    return `{ ${keys[0]}:${val[keys[0]]}${keys.length > 1 ? "," : ""} ... }`;
+  }
+  return val.toString().replace(/^ +| +$/g, (m) => "●".repeat(m.length)) || "";
+}
+
+/* Helper to detect binary file fields across OpenAPI 3.0 and 3.1 */
+export function isBinaryFileField(schema) {
+  if (!schema) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return (
+    schema.format === "binary" ||
+    schema.contentEncoding === "binary" ||
+    (Boolean(schema.contentMediaType) && schema.contentEncoding !== "base64")
+  );
+}
+
+/* Generates an schema object containing type and constraint info */
+export function getTypeInfo(schema) {
+  if (!schema) {
+    return;
+  }
+  let dataType = "";
+  let constrain = "";
+  // let examples;
+
+  if (schema.$ref) {
+    const n = schema.$ref.lastIndexOf("/");
+    const schemaNode = schema.$ref.substring(n + 1);
+    dataType = `{recursive: ${schemaNode}} `;
+  } else if (schema.type) {
+    dataType = Array.isArray(schema.type) ? schema.type.join("┃") : schema.type;
+    if (schema.format || schema.enum || schema.const !== undefined) {
+      dataType = dataType.replace(
+        "string",
+        schema.enum ? "enum" : schema.const !== undefined ? "const" : schema.format,
+      );
+    }
+    if (schema.nullable) {
+      dataType += "┃null";
+    }
+  } else if (schema.const !== undefined) {
+    dataType = "const";
+  } else if (schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf) {
+    const subSchemas = (schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf).filter(Boolean);
+    const subTypes = [];
+    subSchemas.forEach((s) => {
+      const sInfo = getTypeInfo(s);
+      if (sInfo?.type && sInfo.type !== "{missing-type-info}") {
+        sInfo.type.split("┃").forEach((t) => {
+          const trimmed = t.trim();
+          if (trimmed && !subTypes.includes(trimmed)) {
+            subTypes.push(trimmed);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    });
+    dataType = subTypes.length > 0 ? subTypes.join("┃") : "{missing-type-info}";
+  } else if (Object.keys(schema).length === 0) {
+    dataType = "any";
+  } else {
+    dataType = "{missing-type-info}";
+  }
+
+  const effectiveSchema =
+    schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf
+      ? {
+          ...((schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf).find((s) => s && s.type && s.type !== "null") ||
+            (schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf)[0]),
+          ...schema,
+        }
+      : schema;
+
+  const info = {
+    type: dataType,
+    format: schema.format || effectiveSchema.format || "",
+    contentMediaType: schema.contentMediaType || effectiveSchema.contentMediaType || "",
+    contentEncoding: schema.contentEncoding || effectiveSchema.contentEncoding || "",
+    contentSchema: schema.contentSchema || effectiveSchema.contentSchema || null,
+    pattern:
+      (schema.pattern || effectiveSchema.pattern) && !schema.enum && !effectiveSchema.enum
+        ? schema.pattern || effectiveSchema.pattern
+        : "",
+    readOrWriteOnly: schema.readOnly
+      ? "🆁"
+      : schema.writeOnly
+        ? "🆆"
+        : effectiveSchema.readOnly
+          ? "🆁"
+          : effectiveSchema.writeOnly
+            ? "🆆"
+            : "",
+    deprecated: schema.deprecated || effectiveSchema.deprecated ? "❌" : "",
+    examples:
+      schema.examples || schema.example || effectiveSchema.examples || effectiveSchema.example,
+    default: getPrintableVal(
+      schema.default !== undefined ? schema.default : effectiveSchema.default,
+    ),
+    description: schema.description || effectiveSchema.description || "",
+    constrain: "",
+    allowedValues: "",
+    arrayType: "",
+    html: "",
+  };
+
+  if (info.type === "{recursive}") {
+    info.description = schema.$ref.substring(schema.$ref.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
+  } else if (info.type === "{missing-type-info}" || info.type === "any") {
+    info.description = info.description || "";
+  }
+  // Set Allowed Values
+  info.allowedValues =
+    schema.const !== undefined
+      ? getPrintableVal(schema.const)
+      : Array.isArray(schema.enum)
+        ? schema.enum.map((v) => getPrintableVal(v)).join("┃")
+        : effectiveSchema.const !== undefined
+          ? getPrintableVal(effectiveSchema.const)
+          : Array.isArray(effectiveSchema.enum)
+            ? effectiveSchema.enum.map((v) => getPrintableVal(v)).join("┃")
+            : "";
+
+  if (!info.allowedValues && (schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf)) {
+    const subValues = [];
+    (schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf).forEach((s) => {
+      const sVal =
+        s.const !== undefined
+          ? getPrintableVal(s.const)
+          : Array.isArray(s.enum)
+            ? s.enum.map((v) => getPrintableVal(v)).join("┃")
+            : "";
+      if (sVal && !subValues.includes(sVal)) {
+        subValues.push(sVal);
+      }
+    });
+    if (subValues.length > 0) {
+      info.allowedValues = subValues.join("┃");
+    }
+  }
+
+  const itemsSchema = schema.items || effectiveSchema.items;
+  if ((dataType === "array" || dataType.split("┃").includes("array")) && itemsSchema) {
+    const arrayItemType =
+      itemsSchema.format ||
+      itemsSchema.contentMediaType ||
+      (Array.isArray(itemsSchema?.type) ? itemsSchema.type.join("┃") : itemsSchema?.type) ||
+      "";
+    const arrayItemDefault = getPrintableVal(itemsSchema.default);
+
+    info.arrayType = arrayItemType ? `array of ${arrayItemType}` : `${schema.type || "array"}`;
+    if (!info.default) {
+      info.default = arrayItemDefault;
+    }
+    if (!info.allowedValues) {
+      info.allowedValues =
+        itemsSchema.const !== undefined
+          ? getPrintableVal(itemsSchema.const)
+          : Array.isArray(itemsSchema?.enum)
+            ? itemsSchema.enum.map((v) => getPrintableVal(v)).join("┃")
+            : "";
+    }
+  }
+  if (dataType.match(/integer|number/g)) {
+    const minVal = schema.minimum !== undefined ? schema.minimum : effectiveSchema.minimum;
+    const excMinVal =
+      schema.exclusiveMinimum !== undefined
+        ? schema.exclusiveMinimum
+        : effectiveSchema.exclusiveMinimum;
+    if (minVal !== undefined || excMinVal !== undefined) {
+      constrain += minVal !== undefined ? `Min ${minVal}` : `More than ${excMinVal}`;
+    }
+    const maxVal = schema.maximum !== undefined ? schema.maximum : effectiveSchema.maximum;
+    const excMaxVal =
+      schema.exclusiveMaximum !== undefined
+        ? schema.exclusiveMaximum
+        : effectiveSchema.exclusiveMaximum;
+    if (maxVal !== undefined || excMaxVal !== undefined) {
+      constrain +=
+        maxVal !== undefined
+          ? `${constrain ? "┃" : ""}Max ${maxVal}`
+          : `${constrain ? "┃" : ""}Less than ${excMaxVal}`;
+    }
+    const multVal =
+      schema.multipleOf !== undefined ? schema.multipleOf : effectiveSchema.multipleOf;
+    if (multVal !== undefined) {
+      constrain += `${constrain ? "┃" : ""} multiple of ${multVal}`;
+    }
+  }
+  // dataType shows the format or enum in place of 'string' (e.g. 'email', 'uri'), so check the declared type too
+  const declaredTypes = [].concat(effectiveSchema.type || []);
+  if (declaredTypes.includes("string") || dataType.match(/string/g)) {
+    const minLen = schema.minLength !== undefined ? schema.minLength : effectiveSchema.minLength;
+    const maxLen = schema.maxLength !== undefined ? schema.maxLength : effectiveSchema.maxLength;
+    if (minLen !== undefined && maxLen !== undefined) {
+      constrain += `${constrain ? "┃" : ""}${minLen} to ${maxLen} chars`;
+    } else if (minLen !== undefined) {
+      constrain += `${constrain ? "┃" : ""}Min ${minLen} chars`;
+    } else if (maxLen !== undefined) {
+      constrain += `${constrain ? "┃" : ""}Max ${maxLen} chars`;
+    }
+  }
+  info.constrain = constrain;
+  info.html = `${info.type}~|~${info.readOrWriteOnly}~|~${info.constrain}~|~${info.default}~|~${info.allowedValues}~|~${info.pattern}~|~${info.description}~|~${schema.title || ""}~|~${info.deprecated ? "deprecated" : ""}`;
+  return info;
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {*} ex  if the value
+ *  - Is an Object with 'value' property  like
+ *      { 'value': 'example_val1', 'description': 'some description' }
+ *    Returns >>>
+ *      {
+ *        'Example': { 'value' : 'example_val1', 'description': 'some description' },
+ *      }
+ *  - Is an object where each key represents a valid example object (i,e has a value property)
+ *      {
+ *        'example1': { 'value' : 'example_val1', 'description': 'some description' },
+ *        'example2': { 'value' : 'example_val2', 'description': 'some other description' },
+ *        'invalid':  { 'description': 'invalid example object without any value property' }
+ *      }
+ *    Returns >>>
+ *      {
+ *        'example1': { 'value' : 'example_val1', 'description': 'some description' },
+ *        'example2': { 'value' : 'example_val2', 'description': 'some other description' }
+ *      }
+ *      if none of the keys represents an object with 'value' property then return undefined
+ *  - Is an array of premitive values
+ *      ['example_val1', 'example_val2']
+ *    Returns >>>
+ *      {
+ *         'Example1': {value:'value1'}
+ *         'Example2': {value:'value2'}
+ *      }
+ *  - Is a premitive value
+ *      'example_val1'
+ *    Returns >>>
+ *      {
+ *        'Example': { 'value': 'example_val1' }
+ *      }
+ *  - Is undefined
+ *    returns undefined
+ * @returns
+ */
+
+export function standardizeExample(ex) {
+  if (typeof ex === "object" && ex !== null && !Array.isArray(ex)) {
+    if (ex.value !== undefined) {
+      // Case 1: Single object with 'value' property
+      return { Example: { ...ex } };
+    }
+    // Case 2: Object where each key is an object with a 'value' property
+    const filteredEntries = Object.entries(ex).filter(([_, obj]) => obj?.value !== undefined); // oxlint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+    // If no valid entries found, return JSON.stringify of the input
+    if (filteredEntries.length === 0) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return Object.fromEntries(filteredEntries);
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(ex)) {
+    // Case 3: Array of primitive values
+    return ex.reduce((acc, value, index) => {
+      acc[`Example${index + 1}`] = { value };
+      return acc;
+    }, {});
+  }
+  // Case 4: Single primitive value
+  return ex ? { Example: { value: ex } } : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Normalize example object in the following format (List of object which is used to render example links and fill the input boxes)
+ *  [{
+ *     exampleVal  : 'value to be rendered on the input control (text-box)',
+ *     exampleList : [
+ *       value         : '',
+ *       printableValue: '',
+ *       summary       : '',
+ *       description   : ''
+ *     ]
+ *  }]
+ * */
+export function normalizeExamples(examples, dataType = "string") {
+  if (!examples) {
+    return {
+      exampleVal: "",
+      exampleList: [],
+    };
+  }
+  if (examples.constructor === Object) {
+    const exampleList = Object.values(examples)
+      .filter((v) => v["x-example-show-value"] !== false)
+      .map((v) => ({
+        value:
+          typeof v.value === "boolean" || typeof v.value === "number"
+            ? `${v.value}`
+            : v.value || "",
+        printableValue: getPrintableVal(v.value),
+        summary: v.summary || "",
+        description: v.description || "",
+      }));
+    const exampleVal = exampleList.length > 0 ? exampleList[0].value : "";
+    return { exampleVal, exampleList };
+  }
+
+  // This is non-standard way to provide example but will support for now
+  if (!Array.isArray(examples)) {
+    examples = examples ? [examples] : [];
+  }
+
+  if (examples.length === 0) {
+    return {
+      exampleVal: "",
+      exampleList: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (dataType === "array") {
+    const [exampleVal] = examples;
+    const exampleList = examples.map((v) => ({
+      value: v,
+      printableValue: getPrintableVal(v),
+    }));
+    return { exampleVal, exampleList };
+  }
+
+  const exampleVal = examples[0].toString();
+  const exampleList = examples.map((v) => ({
+    value: v.toString(),
+    printableValue: getPrintableVal(v),
+  }));
+  return { exampleVal, exampleList };
+}
+
+export function anyExampleWithSummaryOrDescription(examples) {
+  return examples.some((x) => x.summary?.length > 0 || x.description?.length > 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The 'example' property was deprecated in 3.1.0 in favor of the JSON Schema 'examples' keyword. However RapiDoc supports both. in the following order:
+ * - examples
+ * - example
+ *
+ * Returns the first example in the given schema.
+ * Returns `undefined` if `schema` is undefined or if there are no examples at the top level of the `schema`.
+ */
+function getFirstExample(schema) {
+  let firstExample;
+  if (schema) {
+    if (schema.examples && schema.examples.length >= 1) {
+      firstExample = schema.examples[0];
+    } else {
+      firstExample = schema.example;
+    }
+  }
+  return firstExample;
+}
+
+export function getSampleValueByType(schemaObj) {
+  const example = getFirstExample(schemaObj);
+  if (example === "") {
+    return "";
+  }
+  if (example === null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (example === 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (example === false) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (example instanceof Date) {
+    switch (schemaObj.format.toLowerCase()) {
+      case "date":
+        return example.toISOString().split("T")[0];
+      case "time":
+        return example.toISOString().split("T")[1];
+      default:
+        return example.toISOString();
+    }
+  }
+  if (example) {
+    return example;
+  }
+
+  if (Object.keys(schemaObj).length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (schemaObj.$ref) {
+    // Indicates a Circular ref
+    return {};
+  }
+  if (
+    schemaObj.const === false ||
+    schemaObj.const === 0 ||
+    schemaObj.const === null ||
+    schemaObj.const === ""
+  ) {
+    return schemaObj.const;
+  }
+  if (schemaObj.const) {
+    return schemaObj.const;
+  }
+  if (schemaObj.default) {
+    return schemaObj.default;
+  }
+  const typeValue = Array.isArray(schemaObj.type) ? schemaObj.type[0] : schemaObj.type;
+  if (!typeValue) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (typeValue.match(/^integer|^number/g)) {
+    const multipleOf = Number.isNaN(Number(schemaObj.multipleOf))
+      ? undefined
+      : Number(schemaObj.multipleOf);
+    const maximum = Number.isNaN(Number(schemaObj.maximum)) ? undefined : Number(schemaObj.maximum);
+    const minimumPossibleVal = Number.isNaN(Number(schemaObj.minimum))
+      ? Number.isNaN(Number(schemaObj.exclusiveMinimum))
+        ? maximum || 0
+        : Number(schemaObj.exclusiveMinimum) + (typeValue.startsWith("integer") ? 1 : 0.001)
+      : Number(schemaObj.minimum);
+    const finalVal = multipleOf
+      ? multipleOf >= minimumPossibleVal
+        ? multipleOf
+        : minimumPossibleVal % multipleOf === 0
+          ? minimumPossibleVal
+          : Math.ceil(minimumPossibleVal / multipleOf) * multipleOf
+      : minimumPossibleVal;
+    return finalVal;
+  }
+  if (typeValue.match(/^boolean/g)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (typeValue.match(/^null/g)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (typeValue.match(/^string/g)) {
+    if (schemaObj.enum) {
+      return schemaObj.enum[0];
+    }
+    if (schemaObj.const) {
+      return schemaObj.const;
+    }
+    if (schemaObj.pattern) {
+      try {
+        return patternSampleGenerator(schemaObj.pattern);
+      } catch {
+        return schemaObj.pattern;
+      }
+    }
+    if (schemaObj.contentEncoding) {
+      switch (schemaObj.contentEncoding.toLowerCase()) {
+        case "base64":
+          return "ZXhhbXBsZQ=="; // 'example' base64 encoded
+        case "binary":
+        case "7bit":
+        case "8bit":
+        case "quoted-printable":
+          return "string";
+      }
+    }
+    if (schemaObj.contentMediaType) {
+      if (schemaObj.contentMediaType.toLowerCase() === "application/json") {
+        if (schemaObj.contentSchema) {
+          const sample = schemaToSampleObj(schemaObj.contentSchema);
+          const sampleVal = sample?.["example-0"] ?? sample;
+          return JSON.stringify(sampleVal);
+        }
+        return "{}";
+      }
+      if (schemaObj.contentMediaType.startsWith("text/")) {
+        return "text content";
+      }
+    }
+    if (schemaObj.format) {
+      switch (schemaObj.format.toLowerCase()) {
+        case "url":
+        case "uri":
+          return "http://example.com";
+        case "date":
+          return new Date(0).toISOString().split("T")[0];
+        case "time":
+          return new Date(0).toISOString().split("T")[1];
+        case "date-time":
+          return new Date(0).toISOString();
+        case "duration":
+          return "P3Y6M4DT12H30M5S"; // P=Period 3-Years 6-Months 4-Days 12-Hours 30-Minutes 5-Seconds
+        case "email":
+        case "idn-email":
+          return "user@example.com";
+        case "hostname":
+        case "idn-hostname":
+          return "www.example.com";
+        case "ipv4":
+          return "198.51.100.42";
+        case "ipv6":
+          return "2001:0db8:5b96:0000:0000:426f:8e17:642a";
+        case "uuid":
+          return "3fa85f64-5717-4562-b3fc-2c963f66afa6";
+        case "byte":
+        case "base64":
+          return "ZXhhbXBsZQ=="; // 'example' base64 encoded. See https://spec.openapis.org/oas/v3.0.0#data-types
+        case "binary":
+          return "binary";
+        default:
+          return "";
+      }
+    } else {
+      const minLength = Number.isNaN(schemaObj.minLength) ? undefined : Number(schemaObj.minLength);
+      const maxLength = Number.isNaN(schemaObj.maxLength) ? undefined : Number(schemaObj.maxLength);
+      const finalLength = minLength || (maxLength > 6 ? 6 : maxLength || undefined);
+      return finalLength ? "A".repeat(finalLength) : "string";
+    }
+  }
+  // If type cannot be determined
+  return null;
+}
+
+/*
+json2xml- TestCase
+  {
+    'prop1' : 'one',
+    'prop2' : 'two',
+    'prop3' : [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ],
+    'prop4' : {
+      'ob1' : 'val-1',
+      'ob2' : 'val-2'
+    }
+  }
+  <root>
+    <prop1>simple</prop1>
+    <prop2>
+      <0>a</0>
+      <1>b</1>
+      <2>c</2>
+    </prop2>
+    <prop3>
+      <ob1>val-1</ob1>
+      <ob2>val-2</ob2>
+    </prop3>
+  </root>
+*/
+export function json2xml(obj, level = 1) {
+  if (obj === null || obj === undefined) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  const indent = "  ".repeat(level);
+  let xmlText = "";
+  if (typeof obj !== "object") {
+    return `\n${indent}${obj.toString()}`;
+  }
+  for (const prop in obj) {
+    if (prop.startsWith("::")) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const val = obj[prop];
+    let tagName = prop;
+    if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+      tagName = val["::XML_TAG"] || val[0]?.["::XML_TAG"] || prop;
+    } else if (val && typeof val === "object") {
+      tagName = val["::XML_TAG"] || prop;
+    } else if (Array.isArray(obj) && obj["::XML_TAG"]) {
+      tagName = obj["::XML_TAG"];
+    }
+
+    if (val === null || val === undefined) {
+      xmlText = `${xmlText}\n${indent}<${tagName}></${tagName}>`;
+    } else if (Array.isArray(val)) {
+      xmlText = `${xmlText}\n${indent}<${tagName}>${json2xml(val, level + 1)}\n${indent}</${tagName}>`;
+    } else if (typeof val === "object") {
+      xmlText = `${xmlText}\n${indent}<${tagName}>${json2xml(val, level + 1)}\n${indent}</${tagName}>`;
+    } else {
+      xmlText = `${xmlText}\n${indent}<${tagName}>${val.toString()}</${tagName}>`;
+    }
+  }
+  return xmlText;
+}
+
+function addSchemaInfoToExample(schema, obj) {
+  if (typeof obj !== "object" || obj === null) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (schema.title) {
+    obj["::TITLE"] = schema.title;
+  }
+  if (schema.description) {
+    obj["::DESCRIPTION"] = schema.description;
+  }
+  if (schema.xml?.name) {
+    obj["::XML_TAG"] = schema.xml?.name;
+  }
+  if (schema.xml?.wrapped) {
+    obj["::XML_WRAP"] = schema.xml?.wrapped.toString();
+  }
+}
+
+function removeTitlesAndDescriptions(obj) {
+  if (typeof obj !== "object" || obj === null) {
+    return;
+  }
+  delete obj["::TITLE"];
+  delete obj["::DESCRIPTION"];
+  delete obj["::XML_TAG"];
+  delete obj["::XML_WRAP"];
+  for (const k in obj) {
+    removeTitlesAndDescriptions(obj[k]);
+  }
+}
+
+function mergePropertyExamples(obj, propertyName, propExamples) {
+  if (!obj || typeof obj !== "object") {
+    return obj;
+  }
+  const propVal =
+    propExamples && typeof propExamples === "object" && "example-0" in propExamples
+      ? propExamples["example-0"]
+      : propExamples &&
+          typeof propExamples === "object" &&
+          Object.keys(propExamples).length > 0 &&
+          !Array.isArray(propExamples)
+        ? Object.values(propExamples)[0]
+        : propExamples;
+
+  for (const exampleKey in obj) {
+    if (obj[exampleKey] && typeof obj[exampleKey] === "object") {
+      obj[exampleKey][propertyName] = propVal;
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/* For changing JSON-Schema to a Sample Object, as per the schema (to generate examples based on schema) */
+export function schemaToSampleObj(schema, config = {}, level = 0) {
+  let obj = {};
+  if (!schema || level > 8) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (schema.allOf) {
+    const mergedObj = {};
+
+    if (schema.allOf.length === 1 && !schema.allOf[0]?.properties && !schema.allOf[0]?.items) {
+      // If allOf has single item and the type is not an object or array, then its a primitive
+      if (schema.allOf[0].$ref) {
+        return { "example-0": {} };
+      }
+      if (schema.allOf[0].readOnly && config.includeReadOnly) {
+        const tempSchema = schema.allOf[0];
+        return { "example-0": getSampleValueByType(tempSchema) };
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    schema.allOf.forEach((v) => {
+      if (!v) return;
+      if (v.type === "object" || v.properties || v.allOf || v.anyOf || v.oneOf) {
+        const partialSamples = schemaToSampleObj(v, config, level + 1);
+        const partialVal = partialSamples?.["example-0"] ?? partialSamples;
+        if (partialVal && typeof partialVal === "object" && !Array.isArray(partialVal)) {
+          Object.assign(mergedObj, partialVal);
+        }
+      } else if (v.type === "array" || v.items) {
+        const partialSamples = schemaToSampleObj(v, config, level + 1);
+        const partialVal = partialSamples?.["example-0"] ?? partialSamples;
+        if (Array.isArray(partialVal)) {
+          mergedObj[Object.keys(mergedObj).length] = partialVal;
+        }
+      } else if (v.type) {
+        const prop = `prop${Object.keys(mergedObj).length}`;
+        mergedObj[prop] = getSampleValueByType(v);
+      }
+    });
+
+    obj = { "example-0": mergedObj };
+    addSchemaInfoToExample(schema, obj["example-0"]);
+  } else if (schema.oneOf) {
+    // 1. First create example with schema.properties
+    const objWithSchemaProps = {};
+    if (schema.properties) {
+      for (const propertyName in schema.properties) {
+        const propSchema = schema.properties[propertyName];
+        if (propSchema?.properties || propSchema?.items) {
+          const propSamples = schemaToSampleObj(propSchema, config, level + 1);
+          objWithSchemaProps[propertyName] = propSamples?.["example-0"] ?? propSamples;
+        } else {
+          objWithSchemaProps[propertyName] = getSampleValueByType(propSchema);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (schema.oneOf.length > 0) {
+      // If at root (level === 0), expand all oneOf variants as distinct examples.
+      // If nested (level > 0), only pick the first oneOf variant to avoid combinatorial duplication.
+      const variantsToProcess = level === 0 ? schema.oneOf : [schema.oneOf[0]];
+      let i = 0;
+      for (let k = 0; k < variantsToProcess.length; k++) {
+        const variantSchema = variantsToProcess[k];
+        const oneOfSamples = schemaToSampleObj(variantSchema, config, level + 1);
+        for (const sampleKey in oneOfSamples) {
+          let finalExample = oneOfSamples[sampleKey];
+          if (
+            Object.keys(objWithSchemaProps).length > 0 &&
+            finalExample &&
+            typeof finalExample === "object" &&
+            !Array.isArray(finalExample)
+          ) {
+            finalExample = { ...objWithSchemaProps, ...finalExample };
+          }
+          obj[`example-${i}`] = finalExample;
+          addSchemaInfoToExample(variantSchema, obj[`example-${i}`]);
+          i++;
+          if (level > 0) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (schema.anyOf) {
+    // First generate values for regular properties
+    let commonObj = { "example-0": {} };
+    if (schema.type === "object" || schema.properties) {
+      for (const propertyName in schema.properties) {
+        const propSchema = schema.properties[propertyName];
+        if (propSchema?.deprecated && !config.includeDeprecated) continue;
+        if (propSchema?.readOnly && !config.includeReadOnly) continue;
+        if (propSchema?.writeOnly && !config.includeWriteOnly) continue;
+        const propExample = getFirstExample(propSchema);
+        if (propExample !== undefined) {
+          commonObj["example-0"][propertyName] = propExample;
+        } else {
+          mergePropertyExamples(
+            commonObj,
+            propertyName,
+            schemaToSampleObj(propSchema, config, level + 1),
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (schema.anyOf.length > 0) {
+      const variantsToProcess = level === 0 ? schema.anyOf : [schema.anyOf[0]];
+      let i = 0;
+      for (let k = 0; k < variantsToProcess.length; k++) {
+        const variantSchema = variantsToProcess[k];
+        const anyOfSamples = schemaToSampleObj(variantSchema, config, level + 1);
+        for (const sampleKey in anyOfSamples) {
+          const sampleVal = anyOfSamples[sampleKey];
+          if (commonObj?.["example-0"] && Object.keys(commonObj["example-0"]).length > 0) {
+            obj[`example-${i}`] = {
+              ...commonObj["example-0"],
+              ...(typeof sampleVal === "object" ? sampleVal : {}),
+            };
+          } else {
+            obj[`example-${i}`] = sampleVal;
+          }
+          addSchemaInfoToExample(variantSchema, obj[`example-${i}`]);
+          i++;
+          if (level > 0) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (schema.type === "object" || schema.properties) {
+    obj["example-0"] = {};
+    addSchemaInfoToExample(schema, obj["example-0"]);
+    const firstExample = getFirstExample(schema);
+    if (firstExample !== undefined) {
+      obj["example-0"] = firstExample;
+    } else {
+      for (const propertyName in schema.properties) {
+        const propSchema = schema.properties[propertyName];
+        if (!propSchema) continue;
+        if (propSchema.deprecated && !config.includeDeprecated) continue;
+        if (propSchema.readOnly && !config.includeReadOnly) continue;
+        if (propSchema.writeOnly && !config.includeWriteOnly) continue;
+
+        if (propSchema.type === "array" || propSchema.items) {
+          const propExample = getFirstExample(propSchema);
+          if (propExample !== undefined) {
+            obj["example-0"][propertyName] = propExample;
+          } else if (getFirstExample(propSchema.items) !== undefined) {
+            obj["example-0"][propertyName] = [getFirstExample(propSchema.items)];
+          } else {
+            const itemSamples = schemaToSampleObj(propSchema.items, config, level + 1);
+            const itemSampleVal = itemSamples?.["example-0"] ?? itemSamples;
+            if (config.useXmlTagForProp) {
+              const xmlTagName = propSchema.xml?.name || propertyName;
+              if (propSchema.xml?.wrapped) {
+                obj["example-0"][xmlTagName] = { [xmlTagName]: itemSampleVal };
+              } else {
+                obj["example-0"][xmlTagName] = [itemSampleVal];
+              }
+            } else {
+              obj["example-0"][propertyName] = [itemSampleVal];
+            }
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        mergePropertyExamples(obj, propertyName, schemaToSampleObj(propSchema, config, level + 1));
+      }
+
+      if (typeof schema.additionalProperties === "object" && schema.additionalProperties !== null) {
+        const propName = schema.additionalProperties["x-additionalPropertiesName"] || "property";
+        mergePropertyExamples(
+          obj,
+          `${propName}1`,
+          schemaToSampleObj(schema.additionalProperties, config, level + 1),
+        );
+        mergePropertyExamples(
+          obj,
+          `${propName}2`,
+          schemaToSampleObj(schema.additionalProperties, config, level + 1),
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (schema.type === "array" || schema.items) {
+    const firstExample = getFirstExample(schema);
+    if (firstExample !== undefined) {
+      obj["example-0"] = firstExample;
+    } else if (schema.items) {
+      const itemsExample = getFirstExample(schema.items);
+      if (itemsExample !== undefined) {
+        obj["example-0"] = [itemsExample];
+      } else {
+        const samples = schemaToSampleObj(schema.items, config, level + 1);
+        const itemVal = samples?.["example-0"] ?? samples;
+        obj["example-0"] = [itemVal];
+        addSchemaInfoToExample(schema.items, obj["example-0"]);
+      }
+    } else {
+      obj["example-0"] = [];
+    }
+  } else {
+    return { "example-0": getSampleValueByType(schema) };
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function generateMarkdownForArrayAndObjectDescription(schema, level = 0) {
+  let mainText = "";
+  if (schema.title) {
+    if (schema.description) {
+      mainText = `<b>${schema.title}:</b> ${schema.description}`;
+    } else {
+      mainText = schema.title;
+    }
+  } else if (schema.description) {
+    mainText = schema.description;
+  }
+
+  const limits = [];
+  if (schema.minItems) {
+    limits.push(
+      `<span class="descr-label">Min Items:</span> <span class="descr-value">${schema.minItems}</span>`,
+    );
+  }
+  if (schema.maxItems) {
+    limits.push(
+      `<span class="descr-label">Max Items:</span> <span class="descr-value">${schema.maxItems}</span>`,
+    );
+  }
+  if (schema.uniqueItems === true) {
+    limits.push(`<span class="descr-label">Must have unique items</span>`);
+  }
+
+  const parts = mainText ? [mainText.trim()] : [];
+  if (limits.length > 0) {
+    // Same wrapper as the constraint chips, so both sit the same distance under the description.
+    // Kept on one line so markdown treats it as a single block.
+    parts.push(`<div class="item-details">${limits.join(" ")}</div>`);
+  }
+  if (level > 0 && schema.items?.description) {
+    let itemsMarkdown = "";
+    if (schema.items.minProperties) {
+      itemsMarkdown = `<span class="descr-label">Min Properties:</span> <span class="descr-value">${schema.items.minProperties}</span>`;
+    }
+    if (schema.items.maxProperties) {
+      itemsMarkdown = `${itemsMarkdown} <span class="descr-label">Max Properties:</span> <span class="descr-value">${schema.items.maxProperties}</span>`;
+    }
+    parts.push(`⮕ ${itemsMarkdown} [ ${schema.items.description} ]`);
+  }
+  return parts.join("\n\n");
+}
+/**
+ * For changing OpenAPI-Schema to an Object Notation,
+ * This Object would further be an input to UI Components to generate an Object-Tree
+ * @param {object} schema - Schema object from OpenAPI spec
+ * @param {object} obj - recursivly pass this object to generate object notation
+ * @param {number} level - recursion level
+ * @param {string} suffix - used for suffixing property names to avoid duplicate props during object composion
+ */
+/**
+ * Helper to populate schema properties into a target object notation.
+ */
+function populateProperties(target, schema, level) {
+  if (schema.properties) {
+    for (const key in schema.properties) {
+      const propKey = schema.required && schema.required.includes(key) ? `${key}*` : key;
+      target[propKey] = schemaInObjectNotation(schema.properties[key], {}, level + 1);
+    }
+  }
+  if (schema.patternProperties) {
+    for (const key in schema.patternProperties) {
+      target[`[pattern: ${key}]`] = schemaInObjectNotation(
+        schema.patternProperties[key],
+        {},
+        level + 1,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  if (schema.additionalProperties) {
+    target["[any-key]"] = schemaInObjectNotation(schema.additionalProperties, {}, level + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+function handleObjectSchema(schema, baseObj = {}, level = 0) {
+  const obj = Object.assign({}, baseObj);
+  obj["::title"] = schema.title || "";
+  obj["::description"] = generateMarkdownForArrayAndObjectDescription(schema, level);
+  obj["::type"] = "object";
+  if ((Array.isArray(schema.type) && schema.type.includes("null")) || schema.nullable) {
+    obj["::dataTypeLabel"] = "object ┃ null";
+    obj["::nullable"] = true;
+  }
+  obj["::deprecated"] = schema.deprecated || false;
+  obj["::readwrite"] = schema.readOnly ? "readonly" : schema.writeOnly ? "writeonly" : "";
+  populateProperties(obj, schema, level);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function handleArraySchema(schema, baseObj = {}, level = 0) {
+  const obj = Object.assign({}, baseObj);
+  obj["::title"] = schema.title || "";
+  obj["::description"] = generateMarkdownForArrayAndObjectDescription(schema, level);
+  obj["::type"] = "array";
+  if ((Array.isArray(schema.type) && schema.type.includes("null")) || schema.nullable) {
+    obj["::dataTypeLabel"] = "array ┃ null";
+    obj["::nullable"] = true;
+  }
+  obj["::deprecated"] = schema.deprecated || false;
+  obj["::readwrite"] = schema.readOnly ? "readonly" : schema.writeOnly ? "writeonly" : "";
+  if (schema.items?.items) {
+    obj["::array-type"] = schema.items.items.type;
+  }
+  obj["::props"] = schema.items ? schemaInObjectNotation(schema.items, {}, level + 1) : undefined;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function handleAllOfSchema(schema, baseObj = {}, level = 0) {
+  if (schema.allOf.length === 1 && !schema.allOf[0].properties && !schema.allOf[0].items) {
+    // If allOf has single item and the type is not an object or array, then its a primitive
+    return `${getTypeInfo(schema.allOf[0]).html}`;
+  }
+
+  const objWithAllProps = Object.assign({}, baseObj);
+  schema.allOf.forEach((v, i) => {
+    if (v.type === "object" || v.properties || v.allOf || v.anyOf || v.oneOf) {
+      const propSuffix = (v.anyOf || v.oneOf) && i > 0 ? `${i}` : "";
+      const partialObj = schemaInObjectNotation(v, {}, level + 1, propSuffix);
+      Object.assign(objWithAllProps, partialObj);
+    } else if (v.type === "array" || v.items) {
+      const partialObj = schemaInObjectNotation(v, {}, level + 1);
+      Object.assign(objWithAllProps, partialObj);
+    } else if (v.type) {
+      const prop = `prop${Object.keys(objWithAllProps).length}`;
+      const typeObj = getTypeInfo(v);
+      objWithAllProps[prop] = `${typeObj.html}`;
+    }
+  });
+
+  return objWithAllProps;
+}
+
+function handleAnyOrOneOfSchema(schema, baseObj = {}, level = 0, suffix = "") {
+  const obj = Object.assign({}, baseObj);
+  obj["::description"] = schema.description || "";
+
+  // 1. First iterate the regular properties if defined
+  if (schema.type === "object" || schema.properties) {
+    obj["::type"] = "object";
+    populateProperties(obj, schema, level);
+  }
+
+  // 2. Then build anyOf / oneOf option entries
+  const objWithAnyOfProps = {};
+  const xxxOf = schema.anyOf ? "anyOf" : "oneOf";
+  schema[xxxOf].forEach((v, index) => {
+    const optKey = `::OPTION~${index + 1}${v.title ? `~${v.title}` : ""}`;
+    if (v.type === "object" || v.properties || v.allOf || v.anyOf || v.oneOf) {
+      const partialObj = schemaInObjectNotation(v, {}, level + 1);
+      objWithAnyOfProps[optKey] = partialObj;
+      if (typeof partialObj === "object" && partialObj !== null) {
+        partialObj["::readwrite"] = ""; // xxx-options cannot be read or write only
+      }
+      objWithAnyOfProps["::type"] = "xxx-of-option";
+    } else if (v.type === "array" || v.items) {
+      const partialObj = schemaInObjectNotation(v, {}, level + 1);
+      objWithAnyOfProps[optKey] = partialObj;
+      if (typeof partialObj === "object" && partialObj !== null) {
+        partialObj["::readwrite"] = "";
+      }
+      objWithAnyOfProps["::type"] = "xxx-of-array";
+    } else {
+      objWithAnyOfProps[optKey] = `${getTypeInfo(v).html}`;
+      objWithAnyOfProps["::type"] = "xxx-of-option";
+    }
+  });
+
+  const operatorKey = schema.anyOf ? "::ANY~OF" : "::ONE~OF";
+  const fullKey = suffix ? `${operatorKey} ${suffix}` : operatorKey;
+  obj[fullKey] = objWithAnyOfProps;
+  obj["::type"] = "object";
+
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function handleMultiTypeSchema(schema, baseObj = {}, level = 0) {
+  // Recognize OpenAPI 3.1 nullable object and array
+  if (schema.type.length === 2 && schema.type.includes("null")) {
+    if (schema.type.includes("object")) {
+      return handleObjectSchema(schema, baseObj, level);
+    }
+    if (schema.type.includes("array")) {
+      return handleArraySchema(schema, baseObj, level);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const subSchema =
+    typeof structuredClone === "function"
+      ? structuredClone(schema)
+      : JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(schema));
+  const primitiveType = [];
+  const complexTypes = [];
+
+  subSchema.type.forEach((v) => {
+    if (v.match(/integer|number|string|null|boolean/g)) {
+      primitiveType.push(v);
+    } else if (
+      v === "array" &&
+      typeof subSchema.items?.type === "string" &&
+      subSchema.items?.type.match(/integer|number|string|null|boolean/g)
+    ) {
+      if (
+        subSchema.items.type === "string" &&
+        (subSchema.items.format || subSchema.items.contentMediaType)
+      ) {
+        primitiveType.push(`[${subSchema.items.format || subSchema.items.contentMediaType}]`);
+      } else {
+        primitiveType.push(`[${subSchema.items.type}]`);
+      }
+    } else {
+      complexTypes.push(v);
+    }
+  });
+
+  let multiPrimitiveTypes;
+  if (primitiveType.length > 0) {
+    subSchema.type = primitiveType.join("┃");
+    multiPrimitiveTypes = getTypeInfo(subSchema);
+    if (complexTypes.length === 0) {
+      return `${multiPrimitiveTypes?.html || ""}`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (complexTypes.length > 0) {
+    const obj = Object.assign({}, baseObj);
+    obj["::type"] = "object";
+    const multiTypeOptions = {
+      "::type": "xxx-of-option",
+    };
+
+    let optionIndex = 1;
+    complexTypes.forEach((v) => {
+      if (v === "object") {
+        const objTypeOption = {
+          "::title": schema.title || "",
+          "::description": schema.description || "",
+          "::type": "object",
+          "::deprecated": schema.deprecated || false,
+        };
+        populateProperties(objTypeOption, schema, level);
+        multiTypeOptions[`::OPTION~${optionIndex++}`] = objTypeOption;
+      } else if (v === "array") {
+        multiTypeOptions[`::OPTION~${optionIndex++}`] = {
+          "::title": schema.title || "",
+          "::description": schema.description || "",
+          "::type": "array",
+          "::props": schemaInObjectNotation(schema.items, {}, level + 1),
+        };
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (primitiveType.length > 0 && multiPrimitiveTypes?.html) {
+      multiTypeOptions[`::OPTION~${optionIndex++}`] = multiPrimitiveTypes.html;
+    }
+
+    obj["::ONE~OF"] = multiTypeOptions;
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  return Object.assign({}, baseObj);
+}
+
+function createObjectAST(schema, level, name, isRequired) {
+  const isNullable =
+    schema.nullable || (Array.isArray(schema.type) && schema.type.includes("null")) || false;
+  const properties = [];
+  if (schema.properties) {
+    for (const key in schema.properties) {
+      const isPropReq = Array.isArray(schema.required) && schema.required.includes(key);
+      const child = schemaToAST(schema.properties[key], level + 1, key, isPropReq);
+      if (child) properties.push(child);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const patternProperties = [];
+  if (schema.patternProperties) {
+    for (const key in schema.patternProperties) {
+      const child = schemaToAST(
+        schema.patternProperties[key],
+        level + 1,
+        `[pattern: ${key}]`,
+        false,
+      );
+      if (child) patternProperties.push(child);
+    }
+  }
+
+  let additionalProperties = null;
+  if (schema.additionalProperties && typeof schema.additionalProperties === "object") {
+    additionalProperties = schemaToAST(schema.additionalProperties, level + 1, "[any-key]", false);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    kind: "object",
+    name,
+    title: schema.title || "",
+    description: generateMarkdownForArrayAndObjectDescription(schema, level),
+    required: isRequired,
+    deprecated: schema.deprecated || false,
+    readOnly: schema.readOnly || false,
+    writeOnly: schema.writeOnly || false,
+    nullable: isNullable,
+    dataTypeLabel: isNullable ? "object ┃ null" : "object",
+    properties,
+    patternProperties,
+    additionalProperties,
+  };
+}
+
+function createArrayAST(schema, level, name, isRequired) {
+  const isNullable =
+    schema.nullable || (Array.isArray(schema.type) && schema.type.includes("null")) || false;
+  let itemsNode = null;
+  if (schema.items) {
+    itemsNode = schemaToAST(schema.items, level + 1, "", false);
+  }
+
+  let arrayType = "";
+  if (schema.items?.items) {
+    arrayType = schema.items.items.type || "";
+  } else if (schema.items?.type && typeof schema.items.type === "string") {
+    arrayType = schema.items.type;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    kind: "array",
+    name,
+    title: schema.title || "",
+    description: generateMarkdownForArrayAndObjectDescription(schema, level),
+    required: isRequired,
+    deprecated: schema.deprecated || false,
+    readOnly: schema.readOnly || false,
+    writeOnly: schema.writeOnly || false,
+    nullable: isNullable,
+    dataTypeLabel: isNullable ? "array ┃ null" : "array",
+    arrayType,
+    minItems: schema.minItems,
+    maxItems: schema.maxItems,
+    uniqueItems: schema.uniqueItems || false,
+    items: itemsNode,
+  };
+}
+
+function createPrimitiveAST(schema, name, isRequired) {
+  const typeInfo = getTypeInfo(schema) || {};
+  return {
+    kind: "primitive",
+    name,
+    type: typeInfo.type || schema.type || "",
+    format: typeInfo.format || schema.format || "",
+    contentMediaType: typeInfo.contentMediaType || schema.contentMediaType || "",
+    contentEncoding: typeInfo.contentEncoding || schema.contentEncoding || "",
+    contentSchema: typeInfo.contentSchema || schema.contentSchema || null,
+    pattern: typeInfo.pattern || schema.pattern || "",
+    constraints: typeInfo.constrain || "",
+    defaultValue:
+      typeInfo.default !== undefined && typeInfo.default !== "" ? String(typeInfo.default) : "",
+    allowedValues: typeInfo.allowedValues || "",
+    description: (schema.description || typeInfo.description || "").trim(),
+    title: (schema.title || "").trim(),
+    required: isRequired,
+    deprecated: schema.deprecated || !!typeInfo.deprecated,
+    readOnly: schema.readOnly || typeInfo.readOrWriteOnly === "readonly",
+    writeOnly: schema.writeOnly || typeInfo.readOrWriteOnly === "writeonly",
+    html: typeInfo.html || "",
+  };
+}
+
+// Deepest JSON nesting level expanded; anything below an object or array at this level is truncated
+const MAX_SCHEMA_DEPTH = 8;
+// Largest tree built for one schema. A bigger tree (e.g. Stripe's expandable fields) is rebuilt one level shallower,
+// down to MIN_SCHEMA_DEPTH, so the page stays responsive
+const SCHEMA_NODE_BUDGET = 8000;
+const MIN_SCHEMA_DEPTH = 4;
+
+/**
+ * Whether a schema opens a new JSON nesting level (an object or array), directly or through allOf.
+ * Primitives and unions are not containers: primitives cost nothing to show, and union options are checked one by one.
+ * @param {object} schema - OpenAPI/JSON Schema object
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function isContainerSchema(schema) {
+  const types = Array.isArray(schema.type) ? schema.type : [schema.type];
+  return (
+    types.includes("object") ||
+    types.includes("array") ||
+    !!(schema.properties || schema.patternProperties || schema.items) ||
+    (!!schema.additionalProperties && typeof schema.additionalProperties === "object") ||
+    !!schema.allOf?.some((sub) => sub && isContainerSchema(sub))
+  );
+}
+
+// State of the schemaToAST() call in progress (conversion is synchronous)
+// Schemas on the current path, to stop on cycles that only go through allOf/anyOf/oneOf
+const schemasInProgress = new Set();
+let maxDepth = MAX_SCHEMA_DEPTH;
+let nodeCount = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Transforms an OpenAPI Schema into a strongly-typed Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) node.
+ *
+ * @param {object} schema - OpenAPI/JSON Schema object
+ * @param {number} [level=0] - JSON nesting depth: grows through properties, items and additionalProperties, not through allOf/anyOf/oneOf
+ * @param {string} [name=''] - Property or field name
+ * @param {boolean} [isRequired=false] - Whether this property is required
+ * @param {string} [suffix=''] - Suffix used for union composition
+ * @returns {object|null} Typed SchemaNode AST
+ */
+export function schemaToAST(schema, level = 0, name = "", isRequired = false, suffix = "") {
+  if (!schema) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (schemasInProgress.size > 0) {
+    return nodeToAST(schema, level, name, isRequired, suffix);
+  }
+  // Top-level call: expand as deep as allowed while the tree fits the budget
+  for (maxDepth = MAX_SCHEMA_DEPTH; ; maxDepth -= 1) {
+    nodeCount = 0;
+    const ast = nodeToAST(schema, level, name, isRequired, suffix);
+    if (nodeCount <= SCHEMA_NODE_BUDGET || maxDepth <= MIN_SCHEMA_DEPTH) {
+      return ast;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function nodeToAST(schema, level, name, isRequired, suffix) {
+  if (!schema) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  nodeCount += 1;
+  // Once over budget this attempt is discarded, so stop expanding to get to the next one quickly
+  const overBudget = nodeCount > SCHEMA_NODE_BUDGET && maxDepth > MIN_SCHEMA_DEPTH;
+  if (
+    schemasInProgress.has(schema) ||
+    ((level > maxDepth || overBudget) && isContainerSchema(schema))
+  ) {
+    const isArray =
+      schema.type === "array" ||
+      (Array.isArray(schema.type) && schema.type.includes("array")) ||
+      !!schema.items;
+    return {
+      kind: isArray ? "array" : "object",
+      name,
+      type: isArray ? "array" : "object",
+      title: schema.title || "",
+      description: schema.description || "",
+      required: isRequired,
+      truncated: true,
+    };
+  }
+  schemasInProgress.add(schema);
+  try {
+    return composeSchemaAST(schema, level, name, isRequired, suffix);
+  } finally {
+    schemasInProgress.delete(schema);
+  }
+}
+
+function composeSchemaAST(schema, level, name, isRequired, suffix) {
+  // 1. allOf
+  if (schema.allOf) {
+    if (schema.allOf.length === 1 && !schema.allOf[0].properties && !schema.allOf[0].items) {
+      const mergedSchema = {
+        ...schema.allOf[0],
+        ...schema,
+        title: schema.title || schema.allOf[0].title || "",
+        description: schema.description || schema.allOf[0].description || "",
+      };
+      delete mergedSchema.allOf;
+      return schemaToAST(mergedSchema, level, name, isRequired);
+    }
+
+    const mergedProps = [];
+    const mergedPatternProps = [];
+    let mergedAdditionalProps = null;
+    const unionChildren = [];
+    let mergedTitle = schema.title || "";
+    let mergedDescription = schema.description || "";
+    let mergedDeprecated = schema.deprecated || false;
+    let mergedReadOnly = schema.readOnly || false;
+    let mergedWriteOnly = schema.writeOnly || false;
+    let mergedNullable = schema.nullable || false;
+
+    schema.allOf.forEach((sub, i) => {
+      if (sub.title && !mergedTitle) mergedTitle = sub.title;
+      if (sub.description && !mergedDescription) mergedDescription = sub.description;
+      if (sub.deprecated) mergedDeprecated = true;
+      if (sub.readOnly) mergedReadOnly = true;
+      if (sub.writeOnly) mergedWriteOnly = true;
+      if (sub.nullable) mergedNullable = true;
+
+      if (sub.type === "object" || sub.properties || sub.allOf || sub.anyOf || sub.oneOf) {
+        const subSuffix = (sub.anyOf || sub.oneOf) && i > 0 ? `${i}` : "";
+        const subAst = schemaToAST(sub, level, "", false, subSuffix);
+        if (subAst) {
+          if (subAst.kind === "object") {
+            if (subAst.properties) mergedProps.push(...subAst.properties);
+            if (subAst.patternProperties) mergedPatternProps.push(...subAst.patternProperties);
+            if (subAst.additionalProperties) mergedAdditionalProps = subAst.additionalProperties;
+          } else if (subAst.kind === "union") {
+            unionChildren.push(subAst);
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (sub.type === "array" || sub.items) {
+        const subAst = schemaToAST(sub, level);
+        if (subAst) {
+          mergedProps.push(subAst);
+        }
+      } else if (sub.type) {
+        const propName = `prop${mergedProps.length}`;
+        mergedProps.push(schemaToAST(sub, level, propName, false));
+      }
+    });
+
+    return {
+      kind: "object",
+      name,
+      title: mergedTitle,
+      description: generateMarkdownForArrayAndObjectDescription(
+        { ...schema, title: mergedTitle, description: mergedDescription },
+        level,
+      ),
+      required: isRequired,
+      deprecated: mergedDeprecated,
+      readOnly: mergedReadOnly,
+      writeOnly: mergedWriteOnly,
+      nullable: mergedNullable,
+      dataTypeLabel: mergedNullable ? "object ┃ null" : "object",
+      properties: mergedProps,
+      patternProperties: mergedPatternProps,
+      additionalProperties: mergedAdditionalProps,
+      unions: unionChildren,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // 2. anyOf / oneOf
+  if (schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf) {
+    const operator = schema.anyOf ? "anyOf" : "oneOf";
+    const rawOptions = schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf;
+    const options = rawOptions
+      .map((opt, idx) => {
+        const optTitle = opt.title || "";
+        const optAst = schemaToAST(opt, level, optTitle || `Option ${idx + 1}`, false);
+        if (optAst) {
+          optAst.readOnly = false;
+          optAst.writeOnly = false;
+          optAst.optionIndex = idx + 1;
+          optAst.optionTitle = optTitle;
+        }
+        return optAst;
+      })
+      .filter(Boolean);
+
+    let baseProps = [];
+    if (schema.type === "object" || schema.properties) {
+      if (schema.properties) {
+        for (const key in schema.properties) {
+          const isReq = Array.isArray(schema.required) && schema.required.includes(key);
+          const propNode = schemaToAST(schema.properties[key], level + 1, key, isReq);
+          if (propNode) baseProps.push(propNode);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      kind: "union",
+      operator,
+      name,
+      suffix,
+      title: schema.title || "",
+      description: schema.description || "",
+      required: isRequired,
+      properties: baseProps,
+      options,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // 3. Multi-type array (OpenAPI 3.1)
+  if (Array.isArray(schema.type)) {
+    if (schema.type.length === 2 && schema.type.includes("null")) {
+      if (schema.type.includes("object")) {
+        return createObjectAST(schema, level, name, isRequired);
+      }
+      if (schema.type.includes("array")) {
+        return createArrayAST(schema, level, name, isRequired);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const subSchema =
+      typeof structuredClone === "function"
+        ? structuredClone(schema)
+        : JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(schema));
+    const primitiveType = [];
+    const complexTypes = [];
+
+    subSchema.type.forEach((v) => {
+      if (v.match(/integer|number|string|null|boolean/g)) {
+        primitiveType.push(v);
+      } else if (
+        v === "array" &&
+        typeof subSchema.items?.type === "string" &&
+        subSchema.items?.type.match(/integer|number|string|null|boolean/g)
+      ) {
+        if (
+          subSchema.items.type === "string" &&
+          (subSchema.items.format || subSchema.items.contentMediaType)
+        ) {
+          primitiveType.push(`[${subSchema.items.format || subSchema.items.contentMediaType}]`);
+        } else {
+          primitiveType.push(`[${subSchema.items.type}]`);
+        }
+      } else {
+        complexTypes.push(v);
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (complexTypes.length === 0 && primitiveType.length > 0) {
+      subSchema.type = primitiveType.join("┃");
+      return createPrimitiveAST(subSchema, name, isRequired);
+    }
+
+    if (complexTypes.length > 0) {
+      const options = [];
+      let optionIndex = 1;
+      complexTypes.forEach((v) => {
+        if (v === "object") {
+          const objNode = createObjectAST(
+            schema,
+            level,
+            schema.title || `Option ${optionIndex}`,
+            false,
+          );
+          objNode.optionIndex = optionIndex++;
+          objNode.optionTitle = schema.title || "";
+          options.push(objNode);
+        } else if (v === "array") {
+          const arrNode = createArrayAST(
+            schema,
+            level,
+            schema.title || `Option ${optionIndex}`,
+            false,
+          );
+          arrNode.optionIndex = optionIndex++;
+          arrNode.optionTitle = schema.title || "";
+          options.push(arrNode);
+        }
+      });
+
+      if (primitiveType.length > 0) {
+        subSchema.type = primitiveType.join("┃");
+        const primNode = createPrimitiveAST(subSchema, `Option ${optionIndex}`, false);
+        primNode.optionIndex = optionIndex++;
+        options.push(primNode);
+      }
+
+      return {
+        kind: "union",
+        operator: "oneOf",
+        name,
+        title: schema.title || "",
+        description: schema.description || "",
+        required: isRequired,
+        options,
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 4. Object
+  if (schema.type === "object" || schema.properties) {
+    return createObjectAST(schema, level, name, isRequired);
+  }
+
+  // 5. Array
+  if (schema.type === "array" || schema.items) {
+    return createArrayAST(schema, level, name, isRequired);
+  }
+
+  // 6. Primitive
+  return createPrimitiveAST(schema, name, isRequired);
+}
+
+/**
+ * For changing OpenAPI-Schema to an Object Notation,
+ * This Object would further be an input to UI Components to generate an Object-Tree
+ * @deprecated Use schemaToAST instead.
+ * @param {object} schema - Schema object from OpenAPI spec
+ * @param {object} [obj={}] - base object to populate (defaults to new object)
+ * @param {number} [level=0] - recursion level
+ * @param {string} [suffix=''] - used for suffixing property names to avoid duplicate props during object composition
+ */
+export function schemaInObjectNotation(schema, obj = {}, level = 0, suffix = "") {
+  if (!schema) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (level > 8) {
+    return {
+      ...obj,
+      "::type": schema.type || "object",
+      "::description": schema.description || "",
+    };
+  }
+  if (schema.allOf) {
+    return handleAllOfSchema(schema, obj, level);
+  }
+  if (schema.anyOf || schema.oneOf) {
+    return handleAnyOrOneOfSchema(schema, obj, level, suffix);
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(schema.type)) {
+    return handleMultiTypeSchema(schema, obj, level);
+  }
+  if (schema.type === "object" || schema.properties) {
+    return handleObjectSchema(schema, obj, level);
+  }
+  if (schema.type === "array" || schema.items) {
+    return handleArraySchema(schema, obj, level);
+  }
+  const typeObj = getTypeInfo(schema);
+  if (typeObj?.html) {
+    return `${typeObj.html}`;
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper to consistently format raw example values according to mimeType and outputType.
+ */
+function formatExampleContent(rawVal, mimeType = "", outputType = "json") {
+  let content = rawVal;
+  let format = "text";
+
+  if (mimeType?.toLowerCase().includes("json")) {
+    if (outputType === "text") {
+      content = typeof rawVal === "string" ? rawVal : JSON.stringify(rawVal, undefined, 2);
+      format = "text";
+    } else if (typeof rawVal === "object" && rawVal !== null) {
+      content = rawVal;
+      format = "json";
+    } else if (typeof rawVal === "string") {
+      try {
+        content = JSON.parse(rawVal);
+        format = "json";
+      } catch {
+        content = rawVal;
+        format = "text";
+      }
+    } else {
+      content = rawVal;
+      format = "json";
+    }
+  } else {
+    content =
+      typeof rawVal === "object" && rawVal !== null
+        ? JSON.stringify(rawVal, undefined, 2)
+        : String(rawVal ?? "");
+    format = "text";
+  }
+
+  return { content, format };
+}
+
+/* Create Example object */
+export function generateExample(
+  schema,
+  mimeType = "",
+  examples = null,
+  example = null,
+  includeReadOnly = true,
+  includeWriteOnly = true,
+  outputType = "json",
+  includeGeneratedExample = false,
+) {
+  const finalExamples = [];
+  const isJson = mimeType?.toLowerCase().includes("json");
+  const isXml = mimeType?.toLowerCase().includes("xml");
+
+  // 1. Process multiple examples (examples map)
+  if (examples && typeof examples === "object" && Object.keys(examples).length > 0) {
+    for (const eg in examples) {
+      const rawVal = examples[eg]?.value !== undefined ? examples[eg].value : examples[eg];
+      const { content, format } = formatExampleContent(rawVal, mimeType, outputType);
+
+      finalExamples.push({
+        exampleId: eg,
+        exampleSummary: examples[eg]?.summary || eg,
+        exampleDescription: examples[eg]?.description || "",
+        exampleType: mimeType,
+        exampleValue: content,
+        exampleFormat: format,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  // 2. Process single example (when examples is absent or empty)
+  else if (
+    example !== null &&
+    example !== undefined &&
+    (typeof example !== "object" || Object.keys(example).length > 0)
+  ) {
+    const rawVal = example?.value !== undefined ? example.value : example;
+    const { content, format } = formatExampleContent(rawVal, mimeType, outputType);
+
+    finalExamples.push({
+      exampleId: "Example",
+      exampleSummary: example?.summary || "",
+      exampleDescription: example?.description || "",
+      exampleType: mimeType,
+      exampleValue: content,
+      exampleFormat: format,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // 3. Fallback to schema-level example or schema-generated sample
+  if (finalExamples.length === 0 || includeGeneratedExample === true) {
+    if (schema) {
+      const firstExample = getFirstExample(schema);
+      if (firstExample !== undefined && firstExample !== null) {
+        const { content, format } = formatExampleContent(firstExample, mimeType, outputType);
+        finalExamples.push({
+          exampleId: "Example",
+          exampleSummary: "",
+          exampleDescription: "",
+          exampleType: mimeType,
+          exampleValue: content,
+          exampleFormat: format,
+        });
+      } else if (
+        isJson ||
+        isXml ||
+        mimeType?.toLowerCase().includes("text") ||
+        mimeType?.toLowerCase().includes("yaml") ||
+        mimeType?.toLowerCase().includes("*/*")
+      ) {
+        let xmlRootStart = "";
+        let xmlRootEnd = "";
+        let exampleFormat = outputType;
+
+        if (isXml) {
+          xmlRootStart = schema.xml?.name
+            ? `<${schema.xml.name}${schema.xml.namespace ? ` xmlns="${schema.xml.namespace}"` : ""}>`
+            : "<root>";
+          xmlRootEnd = schema.xml?.name ? `</${schema.xml.name}>` : "</root>";
+          exampleFormat = "text";
+        }
+
+        const samples = schemaToSampleObj(schema, {
+          includeReadOnly,
+          includeWriteOnly,
+          deprecated: true,
+          useXmlTagForProp: isXml,
+        });
+
+        let i = 0;
+        for (const samplesKey in samples) {
+          if (!samples[samplesKey]) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          const summary = samples[samplesKey]["::TITLE"] || `Example ${++i}`;
+          const description = samples[samplesKey]["::DESCRIPTION"] || "";
+          let exampleValue = "";
+
+          if (isXml) {
+            exampleValue = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n${xmlRootStart}${json2xml(samples[samplesKey], 1)}\n${xmlRootEnd}`;
+          } else {
+            removeTitlesAndDescriptions(samples[samplesKey]);
+            exampleValue =
+              outputType === "text"
+                ? JSON.stringify(samples[samplesKey], null, 2)
+                : samples[samplesKey];
+          }
+
+          finalExamples.push({
+            exampleId: samplesKey,
+            exampleSummary: summary,
+            exampleDescription: description,
+            exampleType: mimeType,
+            exampleFormat,
+            exampleValue,
+          });
+        }
+      } else if (mimeType?.toLowerCase().includes("jose")) {
+        finalExamples.push({
+          exampleId: "Example",
+          exampleSummary: "Base64 Encoded",
+          exampleDescription: "",
+          exampleType: mimeType,
+          exampleValue: schema.pattern || "bXJpbg==",
+          exampleFormat: "text",
+        });
+      } else {
+        finalExamples.push({
+          exampleId: "Example",
+          exampleSummary: "",
+          exampleDescription: "",
+          exampleType: mimeType,
+          exampleValue: "",
+          exampleFormat: "text",
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      // No Example or Schema provided
+      finalExamples.push({
+        exampleId: "Example",
+        exampleSummary: "",
+        exampleDescription: "",
+        exampleType: mimeType,
+        exampleValue: "",
+        exampleFormat: "text",
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return finalExamples;
+}
+
+function getSerializeStyleForContentType(contentType) {
+  if (contentType === "application/json") {
+    return "json";
+  }
+  if (contentType === "application/xml") {
+    return "xml";
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+export function getSchemaFromParam(param) {
+  if (param.schema) {
+    return [param.schema, null, null];
+  }
+  if (param.content) {
+    // we gonna use the first content-encoding
+    for (const contentType of Object.keys(param.content)) {
+      if (param.content[contentType].schema) {
+        return [
+          param.content[contentType].schema,
+          getSerializeStyleForContentType(contentType),
+          param.content[contentType],
+        ];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return [null, null, null];
+}
+
+export const EMPTY_ARRAY = Object.freeze([]);
+
+export function getMergedProperties(schema, visited = new Set()) {
+  if (!schema || typeof schema !== "object" || visited.has(schema)) {
+    return {};
+  }
+  visited.add(schema);
+  const properties = { ...schema.properties };
+  if (Array.isArray(schema.allOf)) {
+    schema.allOf.forEach((sub) => {
+      Object.assign(properties, getMergedProperties(sub, visited));
+    });
+  }
+  return properties;
+}
+
+export function getMergedRequired(schema, visited = new Set()) {
+  if (!schema || typeof schema !== "object" || visited.has(schema)) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  visited.add(schema);
+  const required = Array.isArray(schema.required) ? [...schema.required] : [];
+  if (Array.isArray(schema.allOf)) {
+    schema.allOf.forEach((sub) => {
+      required.push(...getMergedRequired(sub, visited));
+    });
+  }
+  return [...new Set(required)];
+}