ranger-compiler 3.1.0 → 3.2.0

package/dist/Lang.rgr

@@ -57,9 +57,10 @@ language {
         php         PHP             php
         python      Python          py
         nim         Nim             nim
+        llvm        LLVM IR         ll
     }
 
-    toplevel_keywords (class systemclass Constructor fn sfn Import Extend Enum def let operators)
+    toplevel_keywords (class record systemclass Constructor fn sfn Import Extend Enum def let operators)
     annotation_keywors (weak strong lives temp)
     
     ; transformations for the reserved words for function names or other keywords
@@ -79,12 +80,34 @@ language {
             class _class
             new _new
             delete _delete
+            and _and
+            or _or
+            not _not
+            xor _xor
+            compl _compl
+            bitand _bitand
+            bitor _bitor
+            and_eq _and_eq
+            or_eq _or_eq
+            xor_eq _xor_eq
+            not_eq _not_eq
             template _template
             namespace _namespace
             virtual _virtual
             public _public
             private _private
             protected _protected
+            signed _signed
+            unsigned _unsigned
+            register _register
+            volatile _volatile
+            mutable _mutable
+            friend _friend
+            typename _typename
+            typedef _typedef
+            extern _extern
+            explicit _explicit
+            goto _goto
         }
         go {
             type _type
@@ -92,6 +115,40 @@ language {
         }
         kotlin {
             object _object
+            val _val
+            var _var
+            fun _fun
+            class _class
+            when _when
+            is _is
+            in _in
+            as _as
+            null _null
+            interface _interface
+            package _package
+            typealias _typealias
+            companion _companion
+            init _init
+            override _override
+            open _open
+            abstract _abstract
+            sealed _sealed
+            data _data
+            internal _internal
+            private _private
+            protected _protected
+            public _public
+            operator _operator
+            inline _inline
+            lateinit _lateinit
+            vararg _vararg
+            reified _reified
+            suspend _suspend
+            tailrec _tailrec
+            where _where
+            get _get
+            set _set
+            field _field
         }
         rust {
             type r#type
@@ -186,6 +243,20 @@ language {
         random        _:double () {
             templates {
                 es6 ('Math.random()')
+                kotlin ('Math.random()' (imp "java.lang.Math"))
+                cpp ( "rg_random_double()" (imp "<random>")
+(create_polyfill "
+double rg_random_double() {
+    static thread_local std::mt19937 _rg{std::random_device{}()};
+    static thread_local std::uniform_real_distribution<double> _rd(0.0, 1.0);
+    return _rd(_rg);
+}
+")
+                )
+                go ( 'rand.Float64()' (imp "math/rand") )
+                ; std-only (rustc, no crates): each RandomState::new() draws a fresh
+                ; OS-seeded key, so hashing a constant yields a varying 53-bit value.
+                rust ( '{ use std::hash::{BuildHasher, Hasher}; let mut h = std::collections::hash_map::RandomState::new().build_hasher(); h.write_u64(0); ((h.finish() >> 11) as f64) / ((1u64 << 53) as f64) }' )
             }
         }
 
@@ -210,6 +281,7 @@ language {
         random        _:int ( min:int max:int) {
             templates {
                 es6 ('Math.floor(Math.random()*(' (e 2) ' - ' (e 1)' + 1) + ' (e 1)')')
+                kotlin ('(Math.floor(Math.random() * (' (e 2) ' - ' (e 1) ' + 1)).toInt() + ' (e 1) ')' (imp "java.lang.Math"))
             }
         }
         
@@ -376,11 +448,27 @@ func _r_md5(value string) string {
         tan tan:double ( v:double ) {
             templates {
                 es6 ("Math.tan(" (e 1) ")")
-                go ( "math.Tan(" (e 1) ")" (imp "math"))                                
-                swift3 ( "tan(" (e 1) ")" (imp "Foundation"))   
-                java7 ( "Math.tan(" (e 1) ")" (imp "java.lang.Math"))     
-                php ( "tan(" (e 1) ")")     
-                cpp ("tan(" (e 1) ")" (imp "<math.h>"))                          
+                go ( "math.Tan(" (e 1) ")" (imp "math"))
+                swift3 ( "tan(" (e 1) ")" (imp "Foundation"))
+                java7 ( "Math.tan(" (e 1) ")" (imp "java.lang.Math"))
+                php ( "tan(" (e 1) ")")
+                cpp ("tan(" (e 1) ")" (imp "<math.h>"))
+            }
+        }
+
+        atan2 atan2:double ( y:double x:double ) {
+            templates {
+                ranger ( "(atan2 " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
+                es6 ( "Math.atan2(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" )
+                go ( "math.Atan2(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" (imp "math"))
+                swift3 ( "atan2(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" (imp "Foundation"))
+                java7 ( "Math.atan2(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" (imp "java.lang.Math"))
+                php ( "atan2(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" )
+                csharp ( "Math.Atan2(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" (imp "System"))
+                rust ( "" (e 1) ".atan2(" (e 2) ")" )
+                scala ( "math.atan2(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" (imp "scala.math"))
+                cpp ( "atan2(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" (imp "<math.h>"))
+                * ( "Math.atan2(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" )
             }
         }
 
@@ -486,6 +574,7 @@ func r_io_get_env( name string) *GoNullable {
         ; Command line arguments
         shell_arg             cmdArg:string (index:int) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(shell_arg " (e 1) ")")
                 cpp ( "std::string(__g_argv[" (e 1) " + 1])")
                 php ( "$argv[" (e 1) " + 1]" )
                 java7 ( "args[" (e 1) "]")
@@ -502,6 +591,7 @@ func r_io_get_env( name string) *GoNullable {
 
         shell_arg_cnt         cmdArg:int () @doc("return the number of arguments for command line utility") {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(shell_arg_cnt)")
                 cpp ( "__g_argc - 1")
                 swift3 ("CommandLine.arguments.count - 1")
                 swift6 ("CommandLine.arguments.count - 1")
@@ -674,7 +764,7 @@ func r_dir_exists(pathName string) bool {
            }
         }
 
-        ; Returns the file modification time as Unix timestamp (seconds since epoch)
+        ; Returns the file modification time (ms on es6/cpp; seconds on go)
         file_mtime          cmdFileMTime:int (path:string filename:string) {
             templates {
                 go ( "r_file_mtime(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")"
@@ -691,6 +781,18 @@ func r_file_mtime(pathName string, fileName string) int64 {
 )                    
                 )
                 es6 ( "require('fs').statSync(" (e 1) " + '/' + " (e 2) ").mtimeMs" )
+                cpp ( "r_file_mtime(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" (imp "<sys/stat.h>") (imp "<string>")
+(create_polyfill "
+int64_t r_file_mtime(const std::string& path, const std::string& filename) {
+    struct stat st;
+    std::string full = path + \"/\" + filename;
+    if (stat(full.c_str(), &st) != 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return (int64_t)st.st_mtime * 1000;
+}
+")
+                )
                 ranger ( "(file_mtime " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
            }
         }
@@ -845,6 +947,7 @@ fn r_write_file(path: &str, filename: &str, data: &str) {
         read_file        cmdReadFile@(optional async):string (path:string filename:string) {
 
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(read_file " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
                 ts ( "await (new Promise<string>(resolve => { require('fs').readFile( " (e 1) " + '/' + " (e 2) " , 'utf8', (err,data)=>{ resolve(data) }) } ))" )
                 es6 ( "await (new Promise(resolve => { require('fs').readFile( " (e 1) " + '/' + " (e 2) " , 'utf8', (err,data)=>{ resolve(data) }) } ))" )
                 ranger (  "(read_file " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
@@ -1270,6 +1373,24 @@ fn r_read_file(path: &str, filename: &str) -> Option<String> {
             }
         }
 
+        ; Integer division (truncates toward zero). Use instead of / when both
+        ; operands are int — plain / returns double for int/int in Ranger.
+        idiv  _:int (left:int right:int) {
+            templates {
+                ranger @macro(true) ( "(/ " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
+                cpp ( "((" (e 1) ") / (" (e 2) "))" )
+                llvm ( "(idiv " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
+                es6 ( "((" (e 1) " / " (e 2) ") | 0)" )
+                go ( (e 1) " / " (e 2) )
+                rust ( "((" (e 1) ") / (" (e 2) "))" )
+                kotlin ( (e 1) " / " (e 2) )
+                python ( "((" (e 1) ") // (" (e 2) "))" )
+                java7 ( "((" (e 1) ") / (" (e 2) "))" )
+                php ( "intdiv(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")" )
+                * ( (e 1) " / " (e 2) )
+            }
+        }
+
         ; ============================================================================
         ; Bitwise operators for integer manipulation
         ; ============================================================================
@@ -1409,12 +1530,16 @@ fn r_read_file(path: &str, filename: &str) -> Option<String> {
         *               cmdMulOp:double         ( left:double right:double ) { templates { * ( (e 1) " * " (e 2) ) } }
         *               cmdMulOp:int            ( left:int right:int ) { templates { * ( (e 1) " * " (e 2) ) } }
 
-        /               cmdDivOp:double         ( left:double right:double ) { templates { * ( (e 1) " / " (e 2) ) } }
-        /               cmdDivOp:double         ( left:int right:int ) { templates { 
+        /               cmdDivOp:double         ( left:double right:double ) { templates {
+            cpp ( "((double)(" (e 1) ") / (double)(" (e 2) "))" )
+            * ( (e 1) " / " (e 2) )
+        } }
+        /               cmdDivOp:double         ( left:int right:int ) { templates {
             go ( "float64(" (e 1) ") / float64(" (e 2) ")" )
             rust ( "(" (e 1) " as f64) / (" (e 2) " as f64)" )
             kotlin ( (e 1) ".toDouble() / " (e 2) ".toDouble()" )
-            * ( (e 1) " / " (e 2) ) 
+            cpp ( "((double)(" (e 1) ") / (double)(" (e 2) "))" )
+            * ( (e 1) " / " (e 2) )
         } }
 
         ; optional string operator...
@@ -1462,6 +1587,8 @@ fn r_read_file(path: &str, filename: &str) -> Option<String> {
         int2double      cmdIntToDouble:double            ( value:int ) { 
                 templates {
                     ranger ( "(int2double " (e 1) ")" ) 
+                    kotlin ( (e 1) ".toDouble()" )
+                    swift6 ( "Double(" (e 1) ")" )
                     * ( "parseFloat(" (e 1) ")" ) 
                 } 
         }
@@ -1504,6 +1631,7 @@ fn r_read_file(path: &str, filename: &str) -> Option<String> {
                 rust ( "" (e 1) ".floor() as i64" )                
                 scala ( "math.floor(" (e 1) ").toInt" (imp "scala.math"))                
                 java7 ( "(int)Math.floor(" (e 1) ")" (imp "java.lang.Math"))
+                kotlin ( "(Math.floor(" (e 1) ")).toInt()" (imp "java.lang.Math"))
                 * ( "Math.floor(" (e 1) ")")
             }
         }
@@ -1644,7 +1772,22 @@ fn r_read_file(path: &str, filename: &str) -> Option<String> {
             templates {
                 cpp ( "if ( " (e 1) ".has_value ) {" nl I (block 2) i nl "}" nl )
             }
-        }        
+        }
+
+        ; typed optional int/double with an else branch: r_optional_primitive is
+        ; a value type (has_value field), not a pointer, so the generic :T
+        ; `!= NULL` form below does not compile under clang. Emit `.has_value`.
+        if              cmdIf:void              ( condition@(optional):int then_block:block else_block )  {
+            templates {
+                cpp ( "if ( " (e 1) ".has_value ) {" I nl (block 2) i nl "} else {" nl I (block 3) i "}" nl )
+            }
+        }
+
+        if              cmdIf:void              ( condition@(optional):double then_block:block else_block )  {
+            templates {
+                cpp ( "if ( " (e 1) ".has_value ) {" I nl (block 2) i nl "} else {" nl I (block 3) i "}" nl )
+            }
+        }
 
         if              cmdIf:void              ( condition@(optional):T then_block:block )  {
             templates {
@@ -1845,6 +1988,7 @@ fn r_read_file(path: &str, filename: &str) -> Option<String> {
                 csharp ( "new " (typeof 1) "( new " (r_atype 1) "[" (e 2)"])")
                 swift3 ( "" (typeof 1)"(repeating:" (e 3) ", count:" (e 2) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(make  _:" (typeof 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
+                llvm ( "(make  _:" (typeof 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
                 go ( "make(" (typeof 1) "," (e 2) ")" )
                 cpp (  (typeof 1) "(" (e 2) ")")
                 ; new ArrayList<Double>( Arrays.asList( new Double[len_2] ) );
@@ -1886,9 +2030,18 @@ std::vector<T> r_make_vector_from_array( const T (&data)[N] )
         }               
         null?       cmdIsNotNull:boolean        ( arg@(optional):string ) {
             templates {
-                cpp ((e 1) ".empty()")     
+                cpp ((e 1) ".empty()")
             }
-        }               
+        }
+
+        ; buffer is a value type (std::vector<uint8_t>) in C++, so the generic
+        ; `!= NULL` path below does not compile. Treat empty/absent as null,
+        ; mirroring the string overload above.
+        null?       cmdIsNotNull:boolean        ( arg@(optional):buffer ) {
+            templates {
+                cpp ((e 1) ".empty()")
+            }
+        }
 
         null?       cmdIsNull:boolean        ( arg@(optional):T ) {
             templates {
@@ -1920,9 +2073,18 @@ std::vector<T> r_make_vector_from_array( const T (&data)[N] )
         }               
         !null?       cmdIsNotNull:boolean        ( arg@(optional):string ) {
             templates {
-                cpp ((e 1) ".empty() == false ")     
+                cpp ((e 1) ".empty() == false ")
             }
-        }               
+        }
+
+        ; buffer is a value type (std::vector<uint8_t>) in C++; the generic
+        ; `!= NULL` path below does not compile. Present == non-empty, matching
+        ; the string overload above.
+        !null?       cmdIsNotNull:boolean        ( arg@(optional):buffer ) {
+            templates {
+                cpp ((e 1) ".empty() == false ")
+            }
+        }
 
         !null?       cmdIsNotNull:boolean        ( arg@(optional):T ) {
             templates {
@@ -2037,7 +2199,7 @@ case class customException(smth:String)  extends Exception
                     i
                 "}" nl
                 )
-                go    (  (def 2) (def 3) "var " (e 3) " int64 = 0;  " nl "for ; " (e 3) " < int64(len(" (e 1) ")) ; " (e 3) "++ {" nl I nl (e 2) " := " (e 1) "[" (e 3) "];" nl (block 4) nl i "}" )
+                go    (  (forkctx _ ) (def 3) "var " (e 3) " int64 = 0;  " nl "for ; " (e 3) " < int64(len(" (e 1) ")) ; " (e 3) "++ {" nl I nl (go_for_bind 2) nl (block 4) nl i "}" )
 
                 php    ( (forkctx _ ) (def 2) (def 3) "for ( " (e 3) " = 0; " (e 3) " < count(" (e 1) "); " (e 3) "++) {" nl I (e 2) " = " (e 1) "[" (e 3) "];" nl (block 4) nl i "}" )
                 java7 ( (forkctx _ ) (def 2) (def 3) "for ( int " (e 3) " = 0; " (e 3) " < " (e 1) ".size(); " (e 3) "++) {" nl I (typeof 2) " " (e 2) " = " (e 1) ".get(" (e 3) ");" nl (block 4) nl i "}" )
@@ -2079,7 +2241,7 @@ case class customException(smth:String)  extends Exception
                 php ( "trim(" (e 1 ) ")")
                 cpp ( "r_cpp_trim( " (e 1) ")" (imp "<cctype>") (imp "<string>") (imp "<algorithm>")
 (create_polyfill "
-inline std::string  r_cpp_trim(std::string &s) 
+inline std::string  r_cpp_trim(const std::string &s) 
 {
    auto wsfront=std::find_if_not(s.begin(),s.end(),[](int c){return std::isspace(c);});
    auto wsback=std::find_if_not(s.rbegin(),s.rend(),[](int c){return std::isspace(c);}).base();
@@ -2188,6 +2350,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> r_str_split(std::string data, std::string token) {
 
         strlen       cmdStrlen:int       ( text:string ) { 
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(strlen " (e 1) ")")
                 ranger ( "( strlen (" (e 1 ) "))")
                 cpp ( '(int)('(e 1) ".length())") 
                 java7 ( (e 1) ".length()") 
@@ -2203,6 +2366,50 @@ std::vector<std::string> r_str_split(std::string data, std::string token) {
             }
         }
 
+        ; ISO calendar dates (YYYY-MM-DD). See lib/IsoDate/ and ai/ISO_DATE.md.
+        iso_add_days   cmdIsoAddDays:string   ( iso:string days:int ) {
+            templates {
+                ranger ( "(DateMath.addDays " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
+                kotlin ( "java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 1) ").plusDays(" (e 2) ".toLong()).toString()" (imp "java.time.LocalDate"))
+                java7 ( "java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 1) ").plusDays(" (e 2) ").toString()" (imp "java.time.LocalDate"))
+                es6 ( "((iso,d)=>{const p=iso.split('-').map(Number);const t=new Date(Date.UTC(p[0],p[1]-1,p[2]+d));return t.toISOString().slice(0,10)})(" (e 1) "," (e 2) ")")
+                * ( "(DateMath.addDays " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
+            }
+        }
+
+        iso_compare   cmdIsoCompare:int   ( a:string b:string ) {
+            templates {
+                ranger ( "(DateMath.compareIso " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
+                kotlin ( "java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 1) ").compareTo(java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 2) "))" (imp "java.time.LocalDate"))
+                java7 ( "java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 1) ").compareTo(java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 2) "))" (imp "java.time.LocalDate"))
+                es6 ( "((a,b)=>a<b?-1:a>b?1:0)(" (e 1) "," (e 2) ")")
+                * ( "(DateMath.compareIso " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
+            }
+        }
+
+        iso_between   cmdIsoBetween:boolean   ( d:string start:string end:string ) {
+            templates {
+                ranger ( "(DateMath.isBetween " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) ")")
+                kotlin ( "(!java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 1) ").isBefore(java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 2) ")) && !java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 1) ").isAfter(java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 3) ")))" (imp "java.time.LocalDate"))
+                java7 ( "(!java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 1) ").isBefore(java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 2) ")) && !java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 1) ").isAfter(java.time.LocalDate.parse(" (e 3) ")))" (imp "java.time.LocalDate"))
+                es6 ( "((d,s,e)=>d>=s&&d<=e)(" (e 1) "," (e 2) "," (e 3) ")")
+                * ( "(DateMath.isBetween " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) ")")
+            }
+        }
+
+        ; Case-insensitive regex substring search. Pattern is a string (no /literal/). See lib/Regex/ and ai/REGEX.md.
+        regex_test   cmdRegexTest:boolean   ( pattern:string haystack:string ) {
+            templates {
+                ranger ( "(RegexMatch.testIgnoreCase(" (e 1) " " (e 2) "))")
+                kotlin ( "try { Regex(" (e 1) ", RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE).containsMatchIn(" (e 2) ") } catch (_: Exception) { false }" )
+                java7 ( "try { java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(" (e 1) ", java.util.regex.Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE).matcher(" (e 2) ").find() } catch (Exception e) { false }" (imp "java.util.regex.Pattern"))
+                es6 ( "(()=>{try{return new RegExp(" (e 1) ",'i').test(" (e 2) ");}catch{return false;}})()" )
+                swift6 ( (e 2) ".range(of: " (e 1) ", options: [.regularExpression, .caseInsensitive]) != nil" )
+                swift3 ( (e 2) ".range(of: " (e 1) ", options: [.regularExpression, .caseInsensitive]) != nil" )
+                * ( "(RegexMatch.testIgnoreCase(" (e 1) " " (e 2) "))")
+            }
+        }
+
         ; String s = new String(a, 2, 4)
         
         ; C#
@@ -2277,6 +2484,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> r_str_split(std::string data, std::string token) {
         ; Allocate a new buffer of specified size (zero-filled)
         buffer_alloc    cmdBufferAlloc:buffer    ( size:int ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(buffer_alloc " (e 1) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(buffer_alloc " (e 1) ")" )
                 es6 ( "(function(){ var b = new ArrayBuffer(" (e 1) "); b._view = new DataView(b); return b; })()" )
                 go ( "make([]byte, " (e 1) ")" )
@@ -2292,6 +2500,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> r_str_split(std::string data, std::string token) {
         ; Get the length of a buffer in bytes
         buffer_length   cmdBufferLength:int      ( buf:buffer ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(buffer_length " (e 1) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(buffer_length " (e 1) ")" )
                 es6 ( (e 1) ".byteLength" )
                 go ( "int64(len(" (e 1) "))" )
@@ -2307,6 +2516,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> r_str_split(std::string data, std::string token) {
         ; Read a single byte at offset (returns 0-255)
         buffer_get      cmdBufferGet:int         ( buf:buffer offset:int ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(buffer_get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(buffer_get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
                 es6 ( (e 1) "._view.getUint8(" (e 2) ")" )
                 go ( "int64(" (e 1) "[" (e 2) "])" )
@@ -2322,6 +2532,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> r_str_split(std::string data, std::string token) {
         ; Write a single byte at offset (value should be 0-255)
         buffer_set      cmdBufferSet:void        ( buf:buffer offset:int value:int ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(buffer_set " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(buffer_set " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) ")" )
                 es6 ( (e 1) "._view.setUint8(" (e 2) ", " (e 3) ")" )
                 go ( (e 1) "[" (e 2) "] = byte(" (e 3) ")" )
@@ -2400,6 +2611,7 @@ std::string r_buffer_to_base64(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
         ; Write buffer to a binary file
         buffer_write_file   cmdBufferWriteFile:void     ( path:string filename:string buf:buffer ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(buffer_write_file " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(buffer_write_file " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) ")" )
                 es6 ( "require('fs').writeFileSync(" (e 1) " + '/' + " (e 2) ", Buffer.from(" (e 3) "))" )
                 go ( "os.WriteFile(" (e 1) " + \"/\" + " (e 2) ", " (e 3) ", 0644)" (imp "os") )
@@ -2422,6 +2634,7 @@ void r_buffer_write_file(const std::string& path, const std::string& filename, c
         ; Read a binary file into a buffer
         buffer_read_file    cmdBufferReadFile:buffer    ( path:string filename:string ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(buffer_read_file " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(buffer_read_file " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
                 es6 ( "(function(){ var b = require('fs').readFileSync(" (e 1) " + '/' + " (e 2) "); var ab = new ArrayBuffer(b.length); var v = new Uint8Array(ab); for(var i=0;i<b.length;i++)v[i]=b[i]; ab._view = new DataView(ab); return ab; })()" )
                 go ( "func() []byte { d, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")); return d }()" (imp "os") (imp "path/filepath") )
@@ -2497,6 +2710,7 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> r_buffer_read_file(const std::string& path, const std::stri
         ; Allocate a new int_buffer of specified size (zero-filled)
         int_buffer_alloc    cmdIntBufferAlloc:int_buffer    ( size:int ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(int_buffer_alloc " (e 1) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(int_buffer_alloc " (e 1) ")" )
                 es6 ( "new Int32Array(" (e 1) ")" )
                 go ( "make([]int64, " (e 1) ")" )
@@ -2527,6 +2741,7 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> r_buffer_read_file(const std::string& path, const std::stri
         ; Read an int64 at index
         int_buffer_get      cmdIntBufferGet:int         ( buf:int_buffer index:int ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(int_buffer_get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(int_buffer_get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
                 es6 ( (e 1) "[" (e 2) "]" )
                 go ( (e 1) "[" (e 2) "]" )
@@ -2542,6 +2757,7 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> r_buffer_read_file(const std::string& path, const std::stri
         ; Write an int64 at index
         int_buffer_set      cmdIntBufferSet:void        ( buf:int_buffer index:int value:int ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(int_buffer_set " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(int_buffer_set " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) ")" )
                 es6 ( (e 1) "[" (e 2) "] = " (e 3) )
                 go ( (e 1) "[" (e 2) "] = " (e 3) )
@@ -2557,6 +2773,7 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> r_buffer_read_file(const std::string& path, const std::stri
         ; Fill int_buffer with a value in range [start, end)
         int_buffer_fill     cmdIntBufferFill:void       ( buf:int_buffer value:int start:int end:int ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(int_buffer_fill " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) " " (e 4) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(int_buffer_fill " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) " " (e 4) ")" )
                 es6 ( (e 1) ".fill(" (e 2) ", " (e 3) ", " (e 4) ")" )
                 go ( "for i := " (e 3) "; i < " (e 4) "; i++ { " (e 1) "[i] = " (e 2) " }" )
@@ -2718,6 +2935,7 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> r_buffer_read_file(const std::string& path, const std::stri
 
         to_int      cmdToInt:int       ( value:double ) { 
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(to_int " (e 1) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(to_int " (e 1) ")") 
                 csharp ( "(int)" (e 1 ) "" )
                 swift3 ( "Int(" (e 1 ) ")" )
@@ -2787,6 +3005,7 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> r_buffer_read_file(const std::string& path, const std::stri
         at      _:string       ( text:string position:int ) { 
             templates {
                 ranger ( '(at ' (e 1) ' ' ( e 2 ) ')')
+                llvm ( "(at " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
                 cpp ( 'r_utf8_char_at(' (e 1) ', ' (e 2) ')'
 (create_polyfill '
 std::string r_utf8_char_at(const std::string& str, int pos_i)
@@ -2835,6 +3054,7 @@ std::string r_utf8_char_at(const std::string& str, int pos_i)
 
         charAt      cmdCharAt:int       ( text:string position:int ) { 
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(charAt " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
                 ranger ( "(charAt " (e 1) " " ( e 2 ) ")")
                 cpp ( (e 1) ".at(" (e 2) ")")    
                 csharp ( (e 1) "[" (e 2) "]")
@@ -2914,10 +3134,10 @@ std::vector<std::string> r_get_keys_of_map(  std::map<std::string, T> orig_map )
 (create_polyfill '
 std::string r_utf8_substr(const std::string& str, int start_i, int leng_i)
 {
-    unsigned int start ((unsigned int)start_i);
-    unsigned int leng ((unsigned int)leng_i);
+    size_t start = (size_t)start_i;
+    size_t leng = (size_t)leng_i;
     if (leng==0) { return ""; }
-    unsigned int c, i, ix, q, min= (unsigned int) std::string::npos, max=(unsigned int)std::string::npos;
+    size_t c, i, ix, q, min= std::string::npos, max= std::string::npos;
     for (q=0, i=0, ix=str.length(); i < ix; i++, q++)
     {
         if (q==start){ min=i; }
@@ -2972,7 +3192,9 @@ std::string r_utf8_substr(const std::string& str, int start_i, int leng_i)
                 ranger ( "(strfromcode " (e 1) ")")
                 csharp ( "((char)" (e 1) ").toString()") 
                 java7 ( "(new String( new char[] {" (e 1) " }))") 
+                kotlin ( (e 1) ".toChar().toString()")
                 swift3 ( "(String( Character( UnicodeScalar(" (e 1) " ) )))") 
+                swift6 ( "String(UnicodeScalar(" (e 1) ")!)")
                 php ( "chr(" (e 1) ")") 
                 scala ( "(" (e 1) ".toChar)")      
                 go ("string([]rune{rune(" (e 1) ")})")      
@@ -2988,7 +3210,9 @@ std::string r_utf8_substr(const std::string& str, int start_i, int leng_i)
                 ranger ( "(strfromcode " (e 1) ")")
                 csharp ( "((char)" (e 1) ").toString()") 
                 java7 ( "(new String( Character.toChars(" (e 1) ")))") 
+                kotlin ( (e 1) ".toChar().toString()")
                 swift3 ( "(String( Character( UnicodeScalar(" (e 1) " )! )))") 
+                swift6 ( "String(UnicodeScalar(" (e 1) ")!)")
                 php ( "chr(" (e 1) ")") 
                 scala ( "(" (e 1) ".toChar)")      
                 go ("string([]rune{rune(" (e 1) ")})")        
@@ -3384,6 +3608,9 @@ std::string join(const T& v, const std::string& delim) {
         get             cmdGet@(optional):T          ( a:[T] index:int ) {
             templates {
                 es6 ('( ' (e 1) '.length  > ' (e 2)'  && ' (e 2)' >= 0  ?  '(e 1) '[' (e 2)'] : null ) ')
+                ranger ( "(get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
+                llvm ( "(get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
+                * ( (e 1) "[" (e 2) "]" )
             } 
         }
         
@@ -3429,12 +3656,71 @@ r_optional_primitive<int> cpp_get_map_int_value( std::map<" (r_ktype 1) ", int>
                 )
             }
         }
+
+        get             cmdGet@(optional weak):double          ( map:[K:double] key:K ) {
+            templates {
+                cpp( "cpp_get_map_string_double_value(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")"
+(create_polyfill
+"
+template <class T>
+class r_optional_primitive {
+  public:
+    bool has_value;
+    T value;
+    r_optional_primitive<T> & operator=(const r_optional_primitive<T> & rhs) {
+        has_value = rhs.has_value;
+        value = rhs.value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    r_optional_primitive<T> & operator=(const T a_value) {
+        has_value = true;
+        value = a_value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+"
+)
+(macro
+("
+r_optional_primitive<double> cpp_get_map_string_double_value( std::map<std::string, double> m , std::string key) {
+    r_optional_primitive<double> result;
+    auto it = m.find(key);
+    if (it != m.end()) {
+        result.value = it->second;
+        result.has_value = true;
+    }
+    return result;
+}")
+)
+                )
+                ranger ( "(get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
+                llvm ( "(get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
+                es6 ( "( " (e 1) ".hasOwnProperty(" (e 2) ") ? " (e 1) "[" (e 2) "] : undefined )" )
+                * ( (e 1) "[" (e 2) "]" )
+            }
+        }
          
         get             cmdGet@(optional weak):T          ( map:[K:T] key:K ) { 
             templates {
                 ranger ( "(get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")                 
+                llvm ( "(get " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")")
                 java7 ( (e 1) ".get(" (e 2) ")" )
                 rust ( (e 1) ".get(" (e 2) ")" )
+                cpp ( "r_map_get_val(" (e 1) ", " (e 2) ")"
+(create_polyfill
+"
+// Map read that never inserts on miss (unlike std::map::operator[]) and does a
+// single lookup. Returns a default-constructed value (e.g. null shared_ptr)
+// when the key is absent.
+template<typename M, typename K>
+typename M::mapped_type r_map_get_val( const M & m , const K & key) {
+    auto it = m.find(key);
+    if ( it != m.end() ) { return it->second; }
+    return typename M::mapped_type();
+}
+"
+)
+                )
 
                 scala ( (e 1) ".get(" (e 2) ")" )
 
@@ -3465,6 +3751,7 @@ i "}" nl ))
         set             cmdSet@(moves@( 3 1 ) ):void          ( array@(mutates):[T] index:int value@( refto@(1) ):T ) { 
             templates {
                 ranger ( "set " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) )                
+                llvm ( "set " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) )
                 java7 ( (e 1) ".set(" (e 2) ", " (e 3) ");" )
                 rust ( (e 1) "[" (e 2) " as usize] = " (e 3) ";" )
                 scala ( (e 1) "(" (e 2) ") =  " (e 3)  )
@@ -3479,6 +3766,7 @@ i "}" nl ))
         set             cmdSet@(moves@( 3 1 ) ):void          ( map@(mutates):[K:T] key:K value@( refto@(1) ):T ) { 
             templates {
                 ranger ( "set " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) )                
+                llvm ( "set " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) )
                 java7 ( (e 1) ".put(" (e 2) ", " (e 3) ");" )
                 rust ( (e 1) ".insert(" (e 2) ", " (e 3) ");" )
                 scala ( (e 1) ".put(" (e 2) ", " (e 3) ")" )
@@ -3504,6 +3792,7 @@ i "}" nl ))
         itemAt    cmdItemAt@(weak):T      ( array:[T] index:int ) { 
             templates {
                 ranger ( "(itemAt " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
+                llvm ( "(itemAt " (e 1) " " (e 2) ")" )
                  cpp ( (e 1) ".at(" (e 2) ")" (imp "<vector>"))   
                  java7 ( (e 1) ".get(" (e 2) ")" )                                 
                  ; lift return optional type => safer                             
@@ -3565,6 +3854,7 @@ int r_string_index_of_from( std::string str, std::string key, int start )  {
 " )                   
                 )
                 rust ( "(" (e 1) "[" (e 3) " as usize..].find(&*" (e 2) ").map(|i| (i + " (e 3) " as usize) as i64).unwrap_or(-1))" )
+                kotlin ( (e 1) ".indexOf(" (e 2 ) ", " (e 3) ")" )
                 ranger ( "(indexOfFrom " (e 1) " " (e 2) " " (e 3) ")")
             }        
         }
@@ -3869,6 +4159,7 @@ func r_index_of ( arr:" (typeof 1)  " , elem: " (typeof 2) ") -> Int { " nl I
 
         length       cmdStrlen:int       ( text:string ) { 
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(length " (e 1) ")")
                 ranger ( "(length " (e 1) ")")
                 cpp ( (e 1) ".length()") 
                 java7 ( (e 1) ".length()") 
@@ -3964,6 +4255,7 @@ func r_index_of ( arr:" (typeof 1)  " , elem: " (typeof 2) ") -> Int { " nl I
         array_length    cmdArrayLength:int      ( array:[T] ) { 
             templates {
                 ranger ( "(array_length " (e 1) ")")
+                llvm ( "(array_length " (e 1) ")")
                  cpp ( '(int)(' (e 1) ".size())" )                                                              
                  swift3 ( (e 1) ".count")
                  swift6 ( (e 1) ".count")
@@ -4027,6 +4319,7 @@ public <T> T _arr_extract( ArrayList<T> list, Integer i )  {
         print           cmdPrint:void           ( text:string) { 
             templates {
                  ranger ( nl "print " (e 1) nl)
+                 llvm ( nl "print " (e 1) nl)
                  cpp (ln "std::cout << " (e 1) " << std::endl;" nl (imp "<iostream>") (imp "<string>"))
                  kotlin ( nl "println( " (e 1) " )" nl )                                              
                  scala ( "println( " (e 1) " )" ) 
@@ -4046,6 +4339,7 @@ public <T> T _arr_extract( ArrayList<T> list, Integer i )  {
         ; Write text without newline
         write           cmdWrite:void           ( text:string) { 
             templates {
+                 llvm ( nl "write " (e 1) nl)
                  cpp ( nl "std::cout << " (e 1) " << std::flush;" nl (imp "<iostream>"))
                  go ( nl "fmt.Print( " (e 1) " )" nl (imp "fmt"))
                  rust ( nl "print!(\"{}\", " (e 1) ");" nl)
@@ -4063,6 +4357,7 @@ public <T> T _arr_extract( ArrayList<T> list, Integer i )  {
         ; Clear the terminal screen
         clear_screen    cmdClearScreen:void     () {
             templates {
+                 llvm ( nl "clear_screen" nl)
                  cpp ( nl "std::cout << \"\\x1b[2J\\x1b[H\" << std::flush;" nl (imp "<iostream>"))
                  go ( nl "fmt.Print(\"\\x1b[2J\\x1b[H\")" nl (imp "fmt"))
                  rust ( nl "print!(\"\\x1b[2J\\x1b[H\");" nl)
@@ -4080,6 +4375,7 @@ public <T> T _arr_extract( ArrayList<T> list, Integer i )  {
         ; Move cursor to position (1-based coordinates)
         move_cursor     cmdMoveCursor:void      ( x:int y:int) {
             templates {
+                 llvm ( nl "move_cursor " (e 1) " " (e 2) nl)
                  cpp ( nl "std::cout << \"\\x1b[\" << (" (e 2) ") << \";\" << (" (e 1) ") << \"H\" << std::flush;" nl (imp "<iostream>"))
                  go ( nl "fmt.Printf(\"\\x1b[%d;%dH\", " (e 2) ", " (e 1) ")" nl (imp "fmt"))
                  rust ( nl "print!(\"\\x1b[{};{}H\", " (e 2) ", " (e 1) ");" nl)
@@ -4097,6 +4393,7 @@ public <T> T _arr_extract( ArrayList<T> list, Integer i )  {
         ; Hide terminal cursor
         hide_cursor     cmdHideCursor:void      () {
             templates {
+                 llvm ( nl "hide_cursor" nl)
                  cpp ( nl "std::cout << \"\\x1b[?25l\" << std::flush;" nl (imp "<iostream>"))
                  go ( nl "fmt.Print(\"\\x1b[?25l\")" nl (imp "fmt"))
                  rust ( nl "print!(\"\\x1b[?25l\");" nl)
@@ -4114,6 +4411,7 @@ public <T> T _arr_extract( ArrayList<T> list, Integer i )  {
         ; Show terminal cursor
         show_cursor     cmdShowCursor:void      () {
             templates {
+                 llvm ( nl "show_cursor" nl)
                  cpp ( nl "std::cout << \"\\x1b[?25h\" << std::flush;" nl (imp "<iostream>"))
                  go ( nl "fmt.Print(\"\\x1b[?25h\")" nl (imp "fmt"))
                  rust ( nl "print!(\"\\x1b[?25h\");" nl)
@@ -4839,6 +5137,7 @@ fun r_read_key(): String {
         ; Sleep for specified milliseconds (blocking)
         sleep_ms        cmdSleepMs@(async):void         (ms:int) {
             templates {
+                 llvm ( nl "sleep_ms " (e 1) nl)
                  es6 ( nl "await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, " (e 1) "));" nl )
                  rust ( nl "std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(" (e 1) " as u64));" nl )
                  go ( nl "time.Sleep(time.Duration(" (e 1) ") * time.Millisecond)" nl (imp "time"))
@@ -4856,6 +5155,7 @@ fun r_read_key(): String {
 
         exit            cmdExit:void            ( code:int) {
             templates {
+                 llvm ( nl "exit " (e 1) nl)
                  ranger ( nl "exit " (e 1) nl)
                  cpp ( nl "exit(" (e 1) ");" nl (imp "<cstdlib>"))
                  kotlin ( nl "System.exit(" (e 1) ")" nl )
@@ -4875,17 +5175,35 @@ fun r_read_key(): String {
             templates {
                 es6 ((e 1) '.toLowerCase()')
                 java7 ((e 1) '.toLowerCase()')
+                kotlin ((e 1) '.lowercase()')
                 go ( "strings.ToLower(" (e 1) ")" (imp "strings"))
                 php ("strtolower(" (e 1) ")")
                 csharp ((e 1) ".ToLower()")
                 swift3 ((e 1) ".lowercased()")
+                swift6 ((e 1) ".lowercased()")
                 scala ((e 1) ".toLowerCase()")
                 python ((e 1) ".lower()")
+                cpp (
+                    "r_cpp_str_to_lowercase(" (e 1) ")"
+                        (imp "<algorithm>")
+                        (imp "<string>")
+(create_polyfill "
+std::string r_cpp_str_to_lowercase(std::string original)
+{
+    std::string str = original;
+    std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), ::tolower);
+    return str;
+}
+    ")
+
+                    )
             }
         }
         to_uppercase _:string (s:string) {
             templates {
                 swift3 ( (e 1) ".uppercased()")
+                swift6 ( (e 1) ".uppercased()")
+                kotlin ( (e 1) ".uppercase()" )
                 scala ( (e 1 ) ".toUpperCase()" )
                 ranger ("(to_uppercase " (e 1) ")")
                 es6 ( (e 1) ".toUpperCase()")
@@ -4917,6 +5235,7 @@ std::string r_cpp_str_to_uppercase(std::string original)
 
         to_double       toDouble:double ( input:int ) {
             templates {
+                llvm ( "(to_double " (e 1) ")" )
                 ranger ("( to_double " (e 1) " )")
                 go ("float64( " (e 1) " )")
                 es6 ( (e 1) )
@@ -5353,6 +5672,26 @@ std::string r_cpp_str_to_uppercase(std::string original)
 
         ; proc_send is lowered in ng_RangerProcessProcSend.rgr (typed handler methods, overload match).
 
+        begin_dispatch_turn@(moves@( 1 )) cmdBeginDispatchTurn:void (root:RangerProcessBase) {
+            templates {
+                es6 ( "ProcessRuntime.beginDispatchTurn(" (e 1) ")" )
+                kotlin ( "ProcessRuntime.beginDispatchTurn(" (e 1) ")" )
+                swift6 ( "ProcessRuntime.beginDispatchTurn(root: " (e 1) ")" )
+                swift3 ( "ProcessRuntime.beginDispatchTurn(root: " (e 1) ")" )
+                * ( "/* begin_dispatch_turn not implemented */" )
+            }
+        }
+
+        end_dispatch_turn@(moves@( 1 )) cmdEndDispatchTurn:void (root:RangerProcessBase) {
+            templates {
+                es6 ( "ProcessRuntime.endDispatchTurn(" (e 1) ")" )
+                kotlin ( "ProcessRuntime.endDispatchTurn(" (e 1) ")" )
+                swift6 ( "ProcessRuntime.endDispatchTurn(root: " (e 1) ")" )
+                swift3 ( "ProcessRuntime.endDispatchTurn(root: " (e 1) ")" )
+                * ( "/* end_dispatch_turn not implemented */" )
+            }
+        }
+
         proc_start@(moves@( 1 )) cmdProcStart:void (proc:RangerProcessBase) {
             templates {
                 es6 ( "ProcessRuntime.startInstance(" (e 1) ")" )
@@ -5437,6 +5776,7 @@ systemclass buffer {
     csharp "byte[]"
     kotlin ByteArray
     scala "Array[Byte]"
+    llvm i64
 }
 
 ; SYSTEM CLASS: int_buffer
@@ -5456,6 +5796,7 @@ systemclass int_buffer {
     csharp "long[]"
     kotlin LongArray
     scala "Array[Long]"
+    llvm i64
 }
 
 ; SYSTEM CLASS: double_buffer
@@ -5475,6 +5816,7 @@ systemclass double_buffer {
     csharp "double[]"
     kotlin DoubleArray
     scala "Array[Double]"
+    llvm i64
 }
 
 ; ============================================================================