qs 6.11.2 → 6.12.0

package/lib/parse.js

@@ -7,15 +7,18 @@ var isArray = Array.isArray;
 
 var defaults = {
     allowDots: false,
+    allowEmptyArrays: false,
     allowPrototypes: false,
     allowSparse: false,
     arrayLimit: 20,
     charset: 'utf-8',
     charsetSentinel: false,
     comma: false,
+    decodeDotInKeys: true,
     decoder: utils.decode,
     delimiter: '&',
     depth: 5,
+    duplicates: 'combine',
     ignoreQueryPrefix: false,
     interpretNumericEntities: false,
     parameterLimit: 1000,
@@ -103,9 +106,10 @@ var parseValues = function parseQueryStringValues(str, options) {
             val = isArray(val) ? [val] : val;
         }
 
-        if (has.call(obj, key)) {
+        var existing = has.call(obj, key);
+        if (existing && options.duplicates === 'combine') {
             obj[key] = utils.combine(obj[key], val);
-        } else {
+        } else if (!existing || options.duplicates === 'last') {
             obj[key] = val;
         }
     }
@@ -121,24 +125,25 @@ var parseObject = function (chain, val, options, valuesParsed) {
         var root = chain[i];
 
         if (root === '[]' && options.parseArrays) {
-            obj = [].concat(leaf);
+            obj = options.allowEmptyArrays && leaf === '' ? [] : [].concat(leaf);
         } else {
             obj = options.plainObjects ? Object.create(null) : {};
             var cleanRoot = root.charAt(0) === '[' && root.charAt(root.length - 1) === ']' ? root.slice(1, -1) : root;
-            var index = parseInt(cleanRoot, 10);
-            if (!options.parseArrays && cleanRoot === '') {
+            var decodedRoot = options.decodeDotInKeys ? cleanRoot.replace(/%2E/g, '.') : cleanRoot;
+            var index = parseInt(decodedRoot, 10);
+            if (!options.parseArrays && decodedRoot === '') {
                 obj = { 0: leaf };
             } else if (
                 !isNaN(index)
-                && root !== cleanRoot
-                && String(index) === cleanRoot
+                && root !== decodedRoot
+                && String(index) === decodedRoot
                 && index >= 0
                 && (options.parseArrays && index <= options.arrayLimit)
             ) {
                 obj = [];
                 obj[index] = leaf;
-            } else if (cleanRoot !== '__proto__') {
-                obj[cleanRoot] = leaf;
+            } else if (decodedRoot !== '__proto__') {
+                obj[decodedRoot] = leaf;
             }
         }
 
@@ -207,7 +212,15 @@ var normalizeParseOptions = function normalizeParseOptions(opts) {
         return defaults;
     }
 
-    if (opts.decoder !== null && opts.decoder !== undefined && typeof opts.decoder !== 'function') {
+    if (typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`allowEmptyArrays` option can only be `true` or `false`, when provided');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.decodeDotInKeys !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.decodeDotInKeys !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`decodeDotInKeys` option can only be `true` or `false`, when provided');
+    }
+
+    if (opts.decoder !== null && typeof opts.decoder !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.decoder !== 'function') {
         throw new TypeError('Decoder has to be a function.');
     }
 
@@ -216,18 +229,29 @@ var normalizeParseOptions = function normalizeParseOptions(opts) {
     }
     var charset = typeof opts.charset === 'undefined' ? defaults.charset : opts.charset;
 
+    var duplicates = typeof opts.duplicates === 'undefined' ? defaults.duplicates : opts.duplicates;
+
+    if (duplicates !== 'combine' && duplicates !== 'first' && duplicates !== 'last') {
+        throw new TypeError('The duplicates option must be either combine, first, or last');
+    }
+
+    var allowDots = typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? opts.decodeDotInKeys === true ? true : defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots;
+
     return {
-        allowDots: typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots,
+        allowDots: allowDots,
+        allowEmptyArrays: typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays === 'boolean' ? !!opts.allowEmptyArrays : defaults.allowEmptyArrays,
         allowPrototypes: typeof opts.allowPrototypes === 'boolean' ? opts.allowPrototypes : defaults.allowPrototypes,
         allowSparse: typeof opts.allowSparse === 'boolean' ? opts.allowSparse : defaults.allowSparse,
         arrayLimit: typeof opts.arrayLimit === 'number' ? opts.arrayLimit : defaults.arrayLimit,
         charset: charset,
         charsetSentinel: typeof opts.charsetSentinel === 'boolean' ? opts.charsetSentinel : defaults.charsetSentinel,
         comma: typeof opts.comma === 'boolean' ? opts.comma : defaults.comma,
+        decodeDotInKeys: typeof opts.decodeDotInKeys === 'boolean' ? opts.decodeDotInKeys : defaults.decodeDotInKeys,
         decoder: typeof opts.decoder === 'function' ? opts.decoder : defaults.decoder,
         delimiter: typeof opts.delimiter === 'string' || utils.isRegExp(opts.delimiter) ? opts.delimiter : defaults.delimiter,
         // eslint-disable-next-line no-implicit-coercion, no-extra-parens
         depth: (typeof opts.depth === 'number' || opts.depth === false) ? +opts.depth : defaults.depth,
+        duplicates: duplicates,
         ignoreQueryPrefix: opts.ignoreQueryPrefix === true,
         interpretNumericEntities: typeof opts.interpretNumericEntities === 'boolean' ? opts.interpretNumericEntities : defaults.interpretNumericEntities,
         parameterLimit: typeof opts.parameterLimit === 'number' ? opts.parameterLimit : defaults.parameterLimit,

package/lib/stringify.js

@@ -30,10 +30,13 @@ var defaultFormat = formats['default'];
 var defaults = {
     addQueryPrefix: false,
     allowDots: false,
+    allowEmptyArrays: false,
+    arrayFormat: 'indices',
     charset: 'utf-8',
     charsetSentinel: false,
     delimiter: '&',
     encode: true,
+    encodeDotInKeys: false,
     encoder: utils.encode,
     encodeValuesOnly: false,
     format: defaultFormat,
@@ -62,8 +65,10 @@ var stringify = function stringify(
     prefix,
     generateArrayPrefix,
     commaRoundTrip,
+    allowEmptyArrays,
     strictNullHandling,
     skipNulls,
+    encodeDotInKeys,
     encoder,
     filter,
     sort,
@@ -145,7 +150,13 @@ var stringify = function stringify(
         objKeys = sort ? keys.sort(sort) : keys;
     }
 
-    var adjustedPrefix = commaRoundTrip && isArray(obj) && obj.length === 1 ? prefix + '[]' : prefix;
+    var encodedPrefix = encodeDotInKeys ? prefix.replace(/\./g, '%2E') : prefix;
+
+    var adjustedPrefix = commaRoundTrip && isArray(obj) && obj.length === 1 ? encodedPrefix + '[]' : encodedPrefix;
+
+    if (allowEmptyArrays && isArray(obj) && obj.length === 0) {
+        return adjustedPrefix + '[]';
+    }
 
     for (var j = 0; j < objKeys.length; ++j) {
         var key = objKeys[j];
@@ -155,9 +166,10 @@ var stringify = function stringify(
             continue;
         }
 
+        var encodedKey = allowDots && encodeDotInKeys ? key.replace(/\./g, '%2E') : key;
         var keyPrefix = isArray(obj)
-            ? typeof generateArrayPrefix === 'function' ? generateArrayPrefix(adjustedPrefix, key) : adjustedPrefix
-            : adjustedPrefix + (allowDots ? '.' + key : '[' + key + ']');
+            ? typeof generateArrayPrefix === 'function' ? generateArrayPrefix(adjustedPrefix, encodedKey) : adjustedPrefix
+            : adjustedPrefix + (allowDots ? '.' + encodedKey : '[' + encodedKey + ']');
 
         sideChannel.set(object, step);
         var valueSideChannel = getSideChannel();
@@ -167,8 +179,10 @@ var stringify = function stringify(
             keyPrefix,
             generateArrayPrefix,
             commaRoundTrip,
+            allowEmptyArrays,
             strictNullHandling,
             skipNulls,
+            encodeDotInKeys,
             generateArrayPrefix === 'comma' && encodeValuesOnly && isArray(obj) ? null : encoder,
             filter,
             sort,
@@ -190,6 +204,14 @@ var normalizeStringifyOptions = function normalizeStringifyOptions(opts) {
         return defaults;
     }
 
+    if (typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`allowEmptyArrays` option can only be `true` or `false`, when provided');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.encodeDotInKeys !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.encodeDotInKeys !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`encodeDotInKeys` option can only be `true` or `false`, when provided');
+    }
+
     if (opts.encoder !== null && typeof opts.encoder !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.encoder !== 'function') {
         throw new TypeError('Encoder has to be a function.');
     }
@@ -213,13 +235,32 @@ var normalizeStringifyOptions = function normalizeStringifyOptions(opts) {
         filter = opts.filter;
     }
 
+    var arrayFormat;
+    if (opts.arrayFormat in arrayPrefixGenerators) {
+        arrayFormat = opts.arrayFormat;
+    } else if ('indices' in opts) {
+        arrayFormat = opts.indices ? 'indices' : 'repeat';
+    } else {
+        arrayFormat = defaults.arrayFormat;
+    }
+
+    if ('commaRoundTrip' in opts && typeof opts.commaRoundTrip !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`commaRoundTrip` must be a boolean, or absent');
+    }
+
+    var allowDots = typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? opts.encodeDotInKeys === true ? true : defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots;
+
     return {
         addQueryPrefix: typeof opts.addQueryPrefix === 'boolean' ? opts.addQueryPrefix : defaults.addQueryPrefix,
-        allowDots: typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots,
+        allowDots: allowDots,
+        allowEmptyArrays: typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays === 'boolean' ? !!opts.allowEmptyArrays : defaults.allowEmptyArrays,
+        arrayFormat: arrayFormat,
         charset: charset,
         charsetSentinel: typeof opts.charsetSentinel === 'boolean' ? opts.charsetSentinel : defaults.charsetSentinel,
+        commaRoundTrip: opts.commaRoundTrip,
         delimiter: typeof opts.delimiter === 'undefined' ? defaults.delimiter : opts.delimiter,
         encode: typeof opts.encode === 'boolean' ? opts.encode : defaults.encode,
+        encodeDotInKeys: typeof opts.encodeDotInKeys === 'boolean' ? opts.encodeDotInKeys : defaults.encodeDotInKeys,
         encoder: typeof opts.encoder === 'function' ? opts.encoder : defaults.encoder,
         encodeValuesOnly: typeof opts.encodeValuesOnly === 'boolean' ? opts.encodeValuesOnly : defaults.encodeValuesOnly,
         filter: filter,
@@ -253,20 +294,8 @@ module.exports = function (object, opts) {
         return '';
     }
 
-    var arrayFormat;
-    if (opts && opts.arrayFormat in arrayPrefixGenerators) {
-        arrayFormat = opts.arrayFormat;
-    } else if (opts && 'indices' in opts) {
-        arrayFormat = opts.indices ? 'indices' : 'repeat';
-    } else {
-        arrayFormat = 'indices';
-    }
-
-    var generateArrayPrefix = arrayPrefixGenerators[arrayFormat];
-    if (opts && 'commaRoundTrip' in opts && typeof opts.commaRoundTrip !== 'boolean') {
-        throw new TypeError('`commaRoundTrip` must be a boolean, or absent');
-    }
-    var commaRoundTrip = generateArrayPrefix === 'comma' && opts && opts.commaRoundTrip;
+    var generateArrayPrefix = arrayPrefixGenerators[options.arrayFormat];
+    var commaRoundTrip = generateArrayPrefix === 'comma' && options.commaRoundTrip;
 
     if (!objKeys) {
         objKeys = Object.keys(obj);
@@ -288,8 +317,10 @@ module.exports = function (object, opts) {
             key,
             generateArrayPrefix,
             commaRoundTrip,
+            options.allowEmptyArrays,
             options.strictNullHandling,
             options.skipNulls,
+            options.encodeDotInKeys,
             options.encode ? options.encoder : null,
             options.filter,
             options.sort,

package/package.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
     "name": "qs",
     "description": "A querystring parser that supports nesting and arrays, with a depth limit",
     "homepage": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs",
-    "version": "6.11.2",
+    "version": "6.12.0",
     "repository": {
         "type": "git",
         "url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs.git"
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
     },
     "main": "lib/index.js",
+    "sideEffects": false,
     "contributors": [
         {
             "name": "Jordan Harband",
@@ -30,34 +31,43 @@
         "node": ">=0.6"
     },
     "dependencies": {
-        "side-channel": "^1.0.4"
+        "side-channel": "^1.0.6"
     },
     "devDependencies": {
-        "@ljharb/eslint-config": "^21.0.1",
-        "aud": "^2.0.2",
+        "@browserify/envify": "^6.0.0",
+        "@browserify/uglifyify": "^6.0.0",
+        "@ljharb/eslint-config": "^21.1.0",
+        "aud": "^2.0.4",
         "browserify": "^16.5.2",
+        "bundle-collapser": "^1.4.0",
+        "common-shakeify": "~1.0.0",
         "eclint": "^2.8.1",
+        "es-value-fixtures": "^1.4.2",
         "eslint": "=8.8.0",
         "evalmd": "^0.0.19",
         "for-each": "^0.3.3",
-        "has-override-mistake": "^1.0.0",
-        "has-property-descriptors": "^1.0.0",
+        "glob": "=10.3.7",
+        "has-override-mistake": "^1.0.1",
+        "has-property-descriptors": "^1.0.2",
         "has-symbols": "^1.0.3",
         "iconv-lite": "^0.5.1",
         "in-publish": "^2.0.1",
+        "jackspeak": "=2.1.1",
         "mkdirp": "^0.5.5",
-        "mock-property": "^1.0.0",
-        "npmignore": "^0.3.0",
+        "mock-property": "^1.0.3",
+        "module-deps": "^6.2.3",
+        "npmignore": "^0.3.1",
         "nyc": "^10.3.2",
-        "object-inspect": "^1.12.3",
+        "object-inspect": "^1.13.1",
         "qs-iconv": "^1.0.4",
         "safe-publish-latest": "^2.0.0",
         "safer-buffer": "^2.1.2",
-        "tape": "^5.6.3"
+        "tape": "^5.7.5",
+        "unassertify": "^3.0.1"
     },
     "scripts": {
-        "prepack": "npmignore --auto --commentLines=autogenerated",
-        "prepublishOnly": "safe-publish-latest && npm run dist",
+        "prepack": "npmignore --auto --commentLines=autogenerated && npm run dist",
+        "prepublishOnly": "safe-publish-latest",
         "prepublish": "not-in-publish || npm run prepublishOnly",
         "pretest": "npm run --silent readme && npm run --silent lint",
         "test": "npm run tests-only",
@@ -66,7 +76,7 @@
         "readme": "evalmd README.md",
         "postlint": "eclint check $(git ls-files | xargs find 2> /dev/null | grep -vE 'node_modules|\\.git' | grep -v dist/)",
         "lint": "eslint --ext=js,mjs .",
-        "dist": "mkdirp dist && browserify --standalone Qs lib/index.js > dist/qs.js"
+        "dist": "mkdirp dist && browserify --standalone Qs -g unassertify -g @browserify/envify -g [@browserify/uglifyify --mangle.keep_fnames --compress.keep_fnames --format.indent_level=1 --compress.arrows=false --compress.passes=4 --compress.typeofs=false] -p common-shakeify -p bundle-collapser/plugin lib/index.js > dist/qs.js"
     },
     "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
     "publishConfig": {
@@ -74,7 +84,8 @@
             "!dist/*",
             "bower.json",
             "component.json",
-            ".github/workflows"
+            ".github/workflows",
+            "logos"
         ]
     }
 }

package/test/empty-keys-cases.js

@@ -2,36 +2,266 @@
 
 module.exports = {
     emptyTestCases: [
-        { input: '&', withEmptyKeys: {}, stringifyOutput: '', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-        { input: '&&', withEmptyKeys: {}, stringifyOutput: '', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-        { input: '&=', withEmptyKeys: { '': '' }, stringifyOutput: '=', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-        { input: '&=&', withEmptyKeys: { '': '' }, stringifyOutput: '=', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-        { input: '&=&=', withEmptyKeys: { '': ['', ''] }, stringifyOutput: '[0]=&[1]=', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-        { input: '&=&=&', withEmptyKeys: { '': ['', ''] }, stringifyOutput: '[0]=&[1]=', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-
-        { input: '=', withEmptyKeys: { '': '' }, noEmptyKeys: {}, stringifyOutput: '=' },
-        { input: '=&', withEmptyKeys: { '': '' }, stringifyOutput: '=', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-        { input: '=&&&', withEmptyKeys: { '': '' }, stringifyOutput: '=', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-        { input: '=&=&=&', withEmptyKeys: { '': ['', '', ''] }, stringifyOutput: '[0]=&[1]=&[2]=', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-        { input: '=&a[]=b&a[1]=c', withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] }, stringifyOutput: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c', noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] } },
-        { input: '=a', withEmptyKeys: { '': 'a' }, noEmptyKeys: {}, stringifyOutput: '=a' },
-        { input: '=a', withEmptyKeys: { '': 'a' }, noEmptyKeys: {}, stringifyOutput: '=a' },
-        { input: 'a==a', withEmptyKeys: { a: '=a' }, noEmptyKeys: { a: '=a' }, stringifyOutput: 'a==a' },
-
-        { input: '=&a[]=b', withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b'] }, stringifyOutput: '=&a[0]=b', noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b'] } },
-        { input: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c&a[2]=d', withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, stringifyOutput: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c&a[2]=d', noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] } },
-        { input: '=a&=b', withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'] }, stringifyOutput: '[0]=a&[1]=b', noEmptyKeys: {} },
-        { input: '=a&foo=b', withEmptyKeys: { '': 'a', foo: 'b' }, noEmptyKeys: { foo: 'b' }, stringifyOutput: '=a&foo=b' },
-
-        { input: 'a[]=b&a=c&=', withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] }, stringifyOutput: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c', noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] } },
-        { input: 'a[]=b&a=c&=', withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] }, stringifyOutput: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c', noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] } },
-        { input: 'a[0]=b&a=c&=', withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] }, stringifyOutput: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c', noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] } },
-        { input: 'a=b&a[]=c&=', withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] }, stringifyOutput: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c', noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] } },
-        { input: 'a=b&a[0]=c&=', withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] }, stringifyOutput: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c', noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] } },
-
-        { input: '[]=a&[]=b& []=1', withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'], ' ': ['1'] }, stringifyOutput: '[0]=a&[1]=b& [0]=1', noEmptyKeys: { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', ' ': ['1'] } },
-        { input: '[0]=a&[1]=b&a[0]=1&a[1]=2', withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'], a: ['1', '2'] }, noEmptyKeys: { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', a: ['1', '2'] }, stringifyOutput: '[0]=a&[1]=b&a[0]=1&a[1]=2' },
-        { input: '[deep]=a&[deep]=2', withEmptyKeys: { '': { deep: ['a', '2'] } }, stringifyOutput: '[deep][0]=a&[deep][1]=2', noEmptyKeys: { deep: ['a', '2'] } },
-        { input: '%5B0%5D=a&%5B1%5D=b', withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'] }, stringifyOutput: '[0]=a&[1]=b', noEmptyKeys: { 0: 'a', 1: 'b' } }
+        {
+            input: '&',
+            withEmptyKeys: {},
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '',
+                indices: '',
+                repeat: ''
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&&',
+            withEmptyKeys: {},
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '',
+                indices: '',
+                repeat: ''
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&=&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&=&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['', ''] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=&[]=',
+                indices: '[0]=&[1]=',
+                repeat: '=&='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&=&=&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['', ''] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=&[]=',
+                indices: '[0]=&[1]=',
+                repeat: '=&='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            noEmptyKeys: {},
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&&&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&=&=&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['', '', ''] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=&[]=&[]=',
+                indices: '[0]=&[1]=&[2]=',
+                repeat: '=&=&='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&a[]=b&a[1]=c',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=a',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': 'a' },
+            noEmptyKeys: {},
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=a',
+                indices: '=a',
+                repeat: '=a'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a==a',
+            withEmptyKeys: { a: '=a' },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: '=a' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: 'a==a',
+                indices: 'a==a',
+                repeat: 'a==a'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&a[]=b',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b',
+                repeat: '=&a=b'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c&a[2]=d',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c&a[]=d',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c&a[2]=d',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c&a=d'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=a&=b',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=a&[]=b',
+                indices: '[0]=a&[1]=b',
+                repeat: '=a&=b'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=a&foo=b',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': 'a', foo: 'b' },
+            noEmptyKeys: { foo: 'b' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=a&foo=b',
+                indices: '=a&foo=b',
+                repeat: '=a&foo=b'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a[]=b&a=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a[]=b&a=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a[0]=b&a=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a=b&a[]=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a=b&a[0]=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '[]=a&[]=b& []=1',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'], ' ': ['1'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=a&[]=b& []=1',
+                indices: '[0]=a&[1]=b& [0]=1',
+                repeat: '=a&=b& =1'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', ' ': ['1'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '[0]=a&[1]=b&a[0]=1&a[1]=2',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'], a: ['1', '2'] },
+            noEmptyKeys: { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', a: ['1', '2'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=a&[]=b&a[]=1&a[]=2',
+                indices: '[0]=a&[1]=b&a[0]=1&a[1]=2',
+                repeat: '=a&=b&a=1&a=2'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '[deep]=a&[deep]=2',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': { deep: ['a', '2'] }
+            },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[deep][]=a&[deep][]=2',
+                indices: '[deep][0]=a&[deep][1]=2',
+                repeat: '[deep]=a&[deep]=2'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { deep: ['a', '2'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '%5B0%5D=a&%5B1%5D=b',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=a&[]=b',
+                indices: '[0]=a&[1]=b',
+                repeat: '=a&=b'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { 0: 'a', 1: 'b' }
+        }
     ]
 };