pxt-common-packages 12.3.30 → 12.3.32

package/libs/base/docs/reference/math/constant.md

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# Constant
+
+A common mathematical constant value.
+
+```sig
+Math._constant(Math.PI)
+```
+
+There are several constant values that are important in calculations for science and engineering. The ``||math.constant||`` block provides several that you can use in your mathematical formulas and expressions.
+
+## π
+
+The value of Pi (π) which is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.
+
+```block
+Math._constant(Math.PI)
+```
+
+### Example
+
+Get the area of a circle with a radius of `4`.
+
+```block
+let circle_area = Math.PI * 4**2
+```
+
+## e
+
+Euler's number (e) which is the base of the natural logrithm and the exponential function.
+
+```block
+Math._constant(Math.E)
+```
+
+### Example
+
+Find the half-life, in years, of radioactive decay for Carbon-14.
+
+```block
+let time = 0
+let decay = 0.000121
+let carbon14 = 1
+while (carbon14 > 0.5) {
+    carbon14 = Math.E ** (-1 * decay * time)
+    time += 1
+}
+```
+
+## ln(2)
+
+Natural log of 2.
+
+```block
+Math._constant(Math.LN2)
+```
+
+### Example
+
+Find out how many years will it take to double an investment using continuous compounding at 5% interest.
+
+```block
+let years = Math.LN2 / 0.05
+```
+
+## ln(10)
+
+Natural log of 10.
+
+```block
+Math._constant(Math.LN10)
+```
+
+### Example
+
+How many days will it take for bacteria in a culture to reach 10 times the start amount if they double in number each day.
+
+```block
+let days = Math.LN10
+```
+
+## log₂(e)
+
+Convert from a natural logrithm to a base-2 logrithm.
+
+```block
+Math._constant(Math.LOG2E)
+```
+
+The log₂(e) constant is equal to ln(e) / ln(2) which is also 1 / ln(2).
+
+## log₁₀(e)
+
+Convert from a natural logrithm to a base-10 logrithm.
+
+```block
+Math._constant(Math.LOG10E)
+```
+
+The log₁₀(e) constant is equal to 1 / ln(10) which is also 1 / ln(10).
+
+## √½
+
+The square root of one half (1/2).
+
+```block
+Math._constant(Math.SQRT1_2)
+```
+
+### Example
+
+Find the length of the sides of a square with a diagonal length of 9.
+
+```block
+let side = 9 * Math.SQRT1_2
+```
+
+## √2
+
+The square root of 2.
+
+```block
+Math._constant(Math.SQRT2)
+```
+
+### Example
+
+Find out how much shorter it is by walking across a square parking lot on a street corner than using the sidewalk on the sides. Each side of the parking lot is 50 meters.
+
+```block
+let walk_diff = 2 * 50 - 50 * Math.SQRT2
+```

package/libs/base/math.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,27 @@
 namespace Math {
-
+    //% blockIdentity="Math._constant"
+    //% block="π"
+    export const PI = 3.141592653589793;
+    //% blockIdentity="Math._constant"
+    //% block="e"
     export const E = 2.718281828459045;
+    //% blockIdentity="Math._constant"
+    //% block="ln(2)"
     export const LN2 = 0.6931471805599453;
+    //% blockIdentity="Math._constant"
+    //% block="ln(10)"
     export const LN10 = 2.302585092994046;
+    //% blockIdentity="Math._constant"
+    //% block="log₂(e)"
     export const LOG2E = 1.4426950408889634;
+    //% blockIdentity="Math._constant"
+    //% block="log₁₀(e)"
     export const LOG10E = 0.4342944819032518;
-    export const PI = 3.141592653589793;
+    //% blockIdentity="Math._constant"
+    //% block="√½"
     export const SQRT1_2 = 0.7071067811865476;
+    //% blockIdentity="Math._constant"
+    //% block="√2"
     export const SQRT2 = 1.4142135623730951;
 
     /**
@@ -22,7 +37,7 @@ namespace Math {
     //% inlineInputMode=inline
     export function map(value: number, fromLow: number, fromHigh: number, toLow: number, toHigh: number): number {
         return ((value - fromLow) * (toHigh - toLow)) / (fromHigh - fromLow) + toLow;
-    }    
+    }
 
     /**
      * Constrains a number to be within a range
@@ -59,7 +74,7 @@ namespace Math {
         let b = b_m16[s2];
         let m16 = b_m16[s2+1];
         let mx = (m16 * secoffset) >> 4;
-        
+
         let y = mx + b;
         if( theta & 0x80 ) y = -y;
 
@@ -69,13 +84,22 @@ namespace Math {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the cosine of an input angle. This is an 8-bit approximation. 
+     * Returns the cosine of an input angle. This is an 8-bit approximation.
      * @param theta input angle from 0-255
      */
     //% help=math/icos weight=10 advanced=true blockGap=8
     export function icos(theta: number) {
         return isin(theta + 16384);
     }
+
+    //% shim=TD_ID
+    //% block="$MEMBER"
+    //% constantShim
+    //% weight=0
+    //% help=math/constant
+    export function _constant(MEMBER: number): number {
+        return MEMBER;
+    }
 }
 
 namespace Number {

package/libs/color/built/debug/binary.js

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const pxsim_pxtrt = pxsim.pxtrt;
 const pxsim_numops = pxsim.numops;
 
 
-function _main___P141198(s) {
+function _main___P141246(s) {
 let r0 = s.r0, step = s.pc;
 s.pc = -1;
 
@@ -66,19 +66,19 @@ if (yieldSteps-- < 0 && maybeYield(s, step, r0) || runtime !== pxsim.runtime) re
 switch (step) {
   case 0:
 
-    globals._intervals___141441 = (undefined);
-    globals._pollEventQueue___141454 = (undefined);
+    globals._intervals___141490 = (undefined);
+    globals._pollEventQueue___141503 = (undefined);
     r0 = undefined;
     return leave(s, r0)
   default: oops()
 } } }
-_main___P141198.info = {"start":0,"length":0,"line":0,"column":0,"endLine":0,"endColumn":0,"fileName":"colorbuffer.ts","functionName":"<main>","argumentNames":[]}
-_main___P141198.continuations = [  ]
+_main___P141246.info = {"start":0,"length":0,"line":0,"column":0,"endLine":0,"endColumn":0,"fileName":"colorbuffer.ts","functionName":"<main>","argumentNames":[]}
+_main___P141246.continuations = [  ]
 
-function _main___P141198_mk(s) {
+function _main___P141246_mk(s) {
     checkStack(s.depth);
     return {
-        parent: s, fn: _main___P141198, depth: s.depth + 1,
+        parent: s, fn: _main___P141246, depth: s.depth + 1,
         pc: 0, retval: undefined, r0: undefined, overwrittenPC: false, lambdaArgs: null,
 } }
 
@@ -88,5 +88,5 @@ function _main___P141198_mk(s) {
 
 const breakpoints = setupDebugger(1, [])
 
-return _main___P141198
+return _main___P141246
 })

package/libs/color-sensor/built/debug/binary.js

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const pxsim_pxtrt = pxsim.pxtrt;
 const pxsim_numops = pxsim.numops;
 
 
-function _main___P98756(s) {
+function _main___P98792(s) {
 let r0 = s.r0, step = s.pc;
 s.pc = -1;
 
@@ -66,19 +66,19 @@ if (yieldSteps-- < 0 && maybeYield(s, step, r0) || runtime !== pxsim.runtime) re
 switch (step) {
   case 0:
 
-    globals._intervals___98999 = (undefined);
-    globals._pollEventQueue___99012 = (undefined);
+    globals._intervals___99036 = (undefined);
+    globals._pollEventQueue___99049 = (undefined);
     r0 = undefined;
     return leave(s, r0)
   default: oops()
 } } }
-_main___P98756.info = {"start":0,"length":0,"line":0,"column":0,"endLine":0,"endColumn":0,"fileName":"tcs34725.ts","functionName":"<main>","argumentNames":[]}
-_main___P98756.continuations = [  ]
+_main___P98792.info = {"start":0,"length":0,"line":0,"column":0,"endLine":0,"endColumn":0,"fileName":"tcs34725.ts","functionName":"<main>","argumentNames":[]}
+_main___P98792.continuations = [  ]
 
-function _main___P98756_mk(s) {
+function _main___P98792_mk(s) {
     checkStack(s.depth);
     return {
-        parent: s, fn: _main___P98756, depth: s.depth + 1,
+        parent: s, fn: _main___P98792, depth: s.depth + 1,
         pc: 0, retval: undefined, r0: undefined, overwrittenPC: false, lambdaArgs: null,
 } }
 
@@ -88,5 +88,5 @@ function _main___P98756_mk(s) {
 
 const breakpoints = setupDebugger(1, [])
 
-return _main___P98756
+return _main___P98792
 })