punctilio 2.2.3 → 3.0.0

package/README.md

@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@ transform(text, {
   ligatures: false,        // ??? → ⁇, ?! → ⁈, !? → ⁉, !!! → !
   nbsp: true,              // non-breaking spaces (after honorifics, between numbers and units, etc.)
   checkIdempotency: true,  // verify transform(transform(x)) === transform(x)
-  useModifierLetterApostrophe: false, // output distinct codepoints for apostrophes vs end-single-quotes
 })
 ```
 
@@ -150,4 +149,4 @@ transform(text, {
   - Spaced en-dashes between words (word – word)
 - Setting either style to `none` skips the entire transform category: `punctuationStyle: 'none'` preserves straight quotes, apostrophes, and prime marks; `dashStyle: 'none'` preserves all hyphens, number ranges, date ranges, and minus signs.
 - `punctilio` is idempotent by design: `transform(transform(text))` always equals `transform(text)`. If performance is critical, set `checkIdempotency: false` to skip the verification pass.
-- When `useModifierLetterApostrophe` is enabled, apostrophes use Modifier Letter Apostrophe (U+02BC) while closing single quotes use Right Single Quotation Mark (U+2019), producing semantically distinct codepoints in most cases. Contractions (don't), possessives (dog's), and leading abbreviations ('twas, '99) all output U+02BC. Bare trailing possessives like `dogs'` remain ambiguous. This option is off by default since U+02BC may not be matched by downstream regex patterns that expect standard quote characters.
+- Use `classifyApostrophes(text)` to distinguish apostrophes from closing single quotes. It returns text with apostrophes as U+02BC (MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE) and closing quotes as U+2019 (RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK). Per the [Unicode Standard](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-6/#G30602), `transform()` and `niceQuotes()` use U+2019 for both in their output.

package/dist/index.d.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  *
  * @packageDocumentation
  */
-export { niceQuotes, type QuoteOptions, type PunctuationStyle } from "./quotes.js";
+export { niceQuotes, classifyApostrophes, type QuoteOptions, type PunctuationStyle } from "./quotes.js";
 import type { PunctuationStyle } from "./quotes.js";
 export { hyphenReplace, enDashNumberRange, enDashDateRange, minusReplace, months, numberRangeDisallowedPrefixes, type DashOptions, type DashStyle, } from "./dashes.js";
 import type { DashStyle } from "./dashes.js";
@@ -105,17 +105,6 @@ export interface TransformOptions {
      * Default: true
      */
     checkIdempotency?: boolean;
-    /**
-     * Use modifier letter apostrophe (U+02BC) instead of right single quote
-     * (U+2019) for contractions and possessives. This distinguishes apostrophes
-     * from closing quotes in most cases, though some ambiguous patterns (e.g.,
-     * `dogs'` vs a closing single quote) cannot be resolved without semantic
-     * understanding. May also break downstream regex patterns that expect
-     * standard quote characters like /don\u2019t/ or /O\u2019Brien/.
-     *
-     * Default: false
-     */
-    useModifierLetterApostrophe?: boolean;
 }
 export { assertSeparatorCountPreserved, countSeparators } from "./utils.js";
 export { DEFAULT_SEPARATOR, UNICODE_SYMBOLS } from "./constants.js";

package/dist/index.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"index.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/index.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;GAQG;AAEH,OAAO,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,mBAAmB,EAAE,KAAK,YAAY,EAAE,KAAK,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAA;AACvG,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAA;AACnD,OAAO,EACL,aAAa,EACb,iBAAiB,EACjB,eAAe,EACf,YAAY,EACZ,MAAM,EACN,6BAA6B,EAC7B,KAAK,WAAW,EAChB,KAAK,SAAS,GACf,MAAM,aAAa,CAAA;AACpB,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAA;AAC5C,OAAO,EACL,QAAQ,EACR,cAAc,EACd,WAAW,EACX,YAAY,EACZ,MAAM,EACN,OAAO,EACP,SAAS,EACT,UAAU,EACV,cAAc,EACd,kBAAkB,EAClB,oBAAoB,EACpB,eAAe,EACf,KAAK,aAAa,GACnB,MAAM,cAAc,CAAA;AACrB,OAAO,EACL,mBAAmB,EACnB,wBAAwB,EACxB,kBAAkB,EAClB,+BAA+B,EAC/B,uBAAuB,EACvB,mBAAmB,EACnB,yBAAyB,EACzB,mBAAmB,EACnB,aAAa,EACb,KAAK,EACL,UAAU,EACV,uBAAuB,EACvB,KAAK,WAAW,GACjB,MAAM,WAAW,CAAA;AAElB,MAAM,WAAW,gBAAgB;IAC/B;;;;;;;OAOG;IACH,SAAS,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAA;IAElB;;;OAGG;IACH,OAAO,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,CAAA;IAEjB;;;;;;;;OAQG;IACH,cAAc,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,CAAA;IAExB;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAaG;IACH,gBAAgB,CAAC,EAAE,gBAAgB,CAAA;IAEnC;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAaG;IACH,SAAS,CAAC,EAAE,SAAS,CAAA;IAErB;;;OAGG;IACH,SAAS,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,CAAA;IAEnB;;;OAGG;IACH,OAAO,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,CAAA;IAEjB;;;;OAIG;IACH,WAAW,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,CAAA;IAErB;;;;OAIG;IACH,SAAS,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,CAAA;IAEnB;;;;;OAKG;IACH,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,CAAA;IAEd;;;;;;OAMG;IACH,gBAAgB,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,CAAA;CAE3B;AASD,OAAO,EAAE,6BAA6B,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAA;AAC3E,OAAO,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,gBAAgB,CAAA;AACnE,eAAO,MAAM,0BAA0B,KAA6C,CAAA;AAiDpF,wBAAgB,SAAS,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,GAAE,gBAAqB,GAAG,MAAM,CAmE9E"}

package/dist/index.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  *
  * @packageDocumentation
  */
-export { niceQuotes } from "./quotes.js";
+export { niceQuotes, classifyApostrophes } from "./quotes.js";
 export { hyphenReplace, enDashNumberRange, enDashDateRange, minusReplace, months, numberRangeDisallowedPrefixes, } from "./dashes.js";
 export { ellipsis, multiplication, mathSymbols, legalSymbols, arrows, degrees, fractions, primeMarks, collapseSpaces, superscriptOrdinal, punctuationLigatures, symbolTransform, } from "./symbols.js";
 export { nbspAfterShortWords, nbspBetweenNumberAndUnit, nbspBeforeLastWord, nbspAfterReferenceAbbreviations, nbspAfterSectionSymbols, nbspAfterHonorifics, nbspAfterCopyrightSymbols, nbspBetweenInitials, nbspTransform, UNITS, HONORIFICS, REFERENCE_ABBREVIATIONS, } from "./nbsp.js";
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ const defaultOpts = {
     checkIdempotency: true,
     punctuationStyle: "american",
     dashStyle: "american",
-    useModifierLetterApostrophe: false,
 };
 export function transform(text, options = {}) {
     const separator = options.separator ?? DEFAULT_SEPARATOR;
@@ -77,17 +76,12 @@ export function transform(text, options = {}) {
             `Use a single-codepoint character like the default "\\uE000".`);
     }
     const original = text;
-    const { symbols, fractions, degrees, superscript, ligatures, nbsp, collapseSpaces, checkIdempotency, useModifierLetterApostrophe, ...separatorOpts } = { ...defaultOpts, ...options };
+    const { symbols, fractions, degrees, superscript, ligatures, nbsp, collapseSpaces, checkIdempotency, ...separatorOpts } = { ...defaultOpts, ...options };
     text = hyphenReplace(text, separatorOpts);
     if (separatorOpts.punctuationStyle !== "none") {
         text = primeMarks(text, separatorOpts);
     }
-    // niceQuotes must output MLA here regardless of the user's option,
-    // because NBSP's PUNCTUATION_OR_QUOTE class includes RSQ but not MLA.
-    // Without this, apostrophes in "don't" would act as word boundaries
-    // during NBSP insertion. The final MLA→RSQ conversion at line 286
-    // runs after all transforms complete.
-    text = niceQuotes(text, { ...separatorOpts, useModifierLetterApostrophe: true });
+    text = niceQuotes(text, separatorOpts);
     if (symbols) {
         text = symbolTransform(text, separatorOpts);
     }
@@ -110,11 +104,6 @@ export function transform(text, options = {}) {
         text = nbspTransformFn(text, separatorOpts);
     }
     assertSeparatorCountPreserved(original, text, separator, "transform");
-    // Convert MLA→RSQ for regex-friendly output, after all transforms
-    // (especially NBSP which relies on MLA being letter-like).
-    if (!useModifierLetterApostrophe) {
-        text = text.replaceAll(UNICODE_SYMBOLS.MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE, UNICODE_SYMBOLS.RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE);
-    }
     if (checkIdempotency) {
         const secondPass = transform(text, { ...options, checkIdempotency: false });
         /* istanbul ignore if -- defensive check that should never trigger */

package/dist/index.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/quotes.d.ts

@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ export interface QuoteOptions {
     separator?: string;
     /** "american" (inside), "british" (outside), "none". Default: "american" */
     punctuationStyle?: PunctuationStyle;
-    /**
-     * Use modifier letter apostrophe (U+02BC) instead of right single quote
-     * (U+2019) for contractions and possessives. This distinguishes apostrophes
-     * from closing quotes in most cases, though some ambiguous patterns (e.g.,
-     * `dogs'` vs a closing single quote) cannot be resolved without semantic
-     * understanding. May also break downstream regex patterns that expect
-     * standard quote characters like /don\u2019t/ or /O\u2019Brien/.
-     *
-     * Default: false
-     */
-    useModifierLetterApostrophe?: boolean;
 }
 /** Convert straight quotes to smart quotes. */
 export declare function niceQuotes(text: string, options?: QuoteOptions): string;
+/**
+ * Classify apostrophes vs. closing single quotes.
+ *
+ * Returns the text with smart quotes applied, where apostrophes are
+ * U+02BC (MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE) and closing single quotes are
+ * U+2019 (RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK).
+ *
+ * For display output, use {@link niceQuotes} or `transform()` instead,
+ * which use U+2019 for both per the Unicode Standard.
+ */
+export declare function classifyApostrophes(text: string, options?: QuoteOptions): string;
 //# sourceMappingURL=quotes.d.ts.map

package/dist/quotes.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"quotes.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/quotes.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;GAEG;AAeH,MAAM,MAAM,gBAAgB,GAAG,UAAU,GAAG,SAAS,GAAG,MAAM,CAAA;AAE9D,MAAM,WAAW,YAAY;IAC3B,qEAAqE;IACrE,SAAS,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAA;IAClB,4EAA4E;IAC5E,gBAAgB,CAAC,EAAE,gBAAgB,CAAA;CACpC;AA6JD,+CAA+C;AAC/C,wBAAgB,UAAU,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,GAAE,YAAiB,GAAG,MAAM,CAK3E;AAED;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,wBAAgB,mBAAmB,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,GAAE,YAAiB,GAAG,MAAM,CAEpF"}

package/dist/quotes.js

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ function convertSingleQuotes(text, sep) {
     // Handle empty single quotes '' and whitespace-only quotes ' ' first
     // Only match straight quotes, not already-converted curly quotes
     const singleQuoteChars = `'${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}`;
-    text = text.replace(new RegExp(`(?<![${singleQuoteChars}])''(?![${singleQuoteChars}])`, "g"), `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`);
-    text = text.replace(new RegExp(`(?<![${singleQuoteChars}])'(\\s+)'(?![${singleQuoteChars}])`, "g"), `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}$1${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`);
+    const singleQuoteOrWord = `[${singleQuoteChars}\\w]`;
+    text = text.replace(new RegExp(`(?<!${singleQuoteOrWord})''(?!${singleQuoteOrWord})`, "g"), `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`);
+    text = text.replace(new RegExp(`(?<!${singleQuoteOrWord})'(\\s+)'(?!${singleQuoteOrWord})`, "g"), `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}$1${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`);
     const afterEndingSinglePatterns = `\\s\\.!?;,\\)${EM_DASH}\\-\\]"`;
     // Full pattern with optional 's' for lookahead detection in apostropheRegex
     const afterEndingSingle = `(?=${escapedSep}?(?:s${escapedSep}?)?(?:[${afterEndingSinglePatterns}]|$))`;
@@ -37,8 +38,34 @@ function convertSingleQuotes(text, sep) {
     text = text.replace(apostropheRegex, MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE);
     const beginningSingle = `(?<beforeContext>(?:^|[\\s${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}${EM_DASH}\\-\\(])${escapedSep}?)['](?=${escapedSep}?\\S)`;
     text = text.replace(new RegExp(beginningSingle, "gm"), `$<beforeContext>${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`);
+    text = convertUnmatchedPluralPossessives(text, sep);
     return text;
 }
+/**
+ * Convert unmatched RSQ after s/S to MLA (plural possessives like dogs', Bayes').
+ * Tracks LSQ/RSQ balance left-to-right so that paired closing quotes
+ * (e.g., 'yes' where s precedes RSQ) remain RSQ.
+ */
+function convertUnmatchedPluralPossessives(text, sep) {
+    let singleQuoteBalance = 0;
+    return text.replace(new RegExp(`[${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}]`, "g"), (match, offset) => {
+        if (match === LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE) {
+            singleQuoteBalance++;
+            return match;
+        }
+        if (singleQuoteBalance > 0) {
+            singleQuoteBalance--;
+            return match;
+        }
+        let i = offset - 1;
+        while (i >= 0 && text[i] === sep)
+            i--;
+        if (i >= 0 && (text[i] === "s" || text[i] === "S")) {
+            return MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE;
+        }
+        return match;
+    });
+}
 /** Convert straight double quotes to curly quotes */
 function convertDoubleQuotes(text, sep) {
     const escapedSep = escapeStringRegexp(sep);
@@ -77,8 +104,8 @@ function applyPunctuationStyle(text, sep, style) {
     }
     return text;
 }
-/** Convert straight quotes to smart quotes. */
-export function niceQuotes(text, options = {}) {
+/** Shared quote-processing pipeline. Returns text with MLA for apostrophes. */
+function processQuotes(text, options) {
     const sep = options.separator ?? DEFAULT_SEPARATOR;
     const punctuationStyle = options.punctuationStyle ?? "american";
     if (punctuationStyle === "none")
@@ -86,12 +113,26 @@ export function niceQuotes(text, options = {}) {
     text = convertSingleQuotes(text, sep);
     text = convertDoubleQuotes(text, sep);
     text = applyPunctuationStyle(text, sep, punctuationStyle);
+    return text;
+}
+/** Convert straight quotes to smart quotes. */
+export function niceQuotes(text, options = {}) {
     // MLA is used internally so applyPunctuationStyle can distinguish
     // apostrophes (MLA, don't move) from closing quotes (RSQ, do move).
-    // Convert back to RSQ unless the caller opts into the distinction.
-    if (!options.useModifierLetterApostrophe) {
-        text = text.replaceAll(MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE, RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE);
-    }
-    return text;
+    // Always convert back to RSQ for standard output per Unicode.
+    return processQuotes(text, options).replaceAll(MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE, RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE);
+}
+/**
+ * Classify apostrophes vs. closing single quotes.
+ *
+ * Returns the text with smart quotes applied, where apostrophes are
+ * U+02BC (MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE) and closing single quotes are
+ * U+2019 (RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK).
+ *
+ * For display output, use {@link niceQuotes} or `transform()` instead,
+ * which use U+2019 for both per the Unicode Standard.
+ */
+export function classifyApostrophes(text, options = {}) {
+    return processQuotes(text, options);
 }
 //# sourceMappingURL=quotes.js.map

package/dist/quotes.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "punctilio",
-  "version": "2.2.3",
+  "version": "3.0.0",
   "description": "Smart typography transformations: curly quotes, em-dashes, en-dashes, and more",
   "type": "module",
   "main": "./dist/index.js",

package/src/index.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  * @packageDocumentation
  */
 
-export { niceQuotes, type QuoteOptions, type PunctuationStyle } from "./quotes.js"
+export { niceQuotes, classifyApostrophes, type QuoteOptions, type PunctuationStyle } from "./quotes.js"
 import type { PunctuationStyle } from "./quotes.js"
 export {
   hyphenReplace,
@@ -155,17 +155,6 @@ export interface TransformOptions {
    */
   checkIdempotency?: boolean
 
-  /**
-   * Use modifier letter apostrophe (U+02BC) instead of right single quote
-   * (U+2019) for contractions and possessives. This distinguishes apostrophes
-   * from closing quotes in most cases, though some ambiguous patterns (e.g.,
-   * `dogs'` vs a closing single quote) cannot be resolved without semantic
-   * understanding. May also break downstream regex patterns that expect
-   * standard quote characters like /don\u2019t/ or /O\u2019Brien/.
-   *
-   * Default: false
-   */
-  useModifierLetterApostrophe?: boolean
 }
 
 import { niceQuotes } from "./quotes.js"
@@ -224,7 +213,6 @@ const defaultOpts: Required<Omit<TransformOptions, "separator">> = {
   checkIdempotency: true,
   punctuationStyle: "american",
   dashStyle: "american",
-  useModifierLetterApostrophe: false,
 }
 
 export function transform(text: string, options: TransformOptions = {}): string {
@@ -241,18 +229,13 @@ export function transform(text: string, options: TransformOptions = {}): string
   }
 
   const original = text
-  const { symbols, fractions, degrees, superscript, ligatures, nbsp, collapseSpaces, checkIdempotency, useModifierLetterApostrophe, ...separatorOpts } = { ...defaultOpts, ...options }
+  const { symbols, fractions, degrees, superscript, ligatures, nbsp, collapseSpaces, checkIdempotency, ...separatorOpts } = { ...defaultOpts, ...options }
 
   text = hyphenReplace(text, separatorOpts)
   if (separatorOpts.punctuationStyle !== "none") {
     text = primeMarks(text, separatorOpts)
   }
-  // niceQuotes must output MLA here regardless of the user's option,
-  // because NBSP's PUNCTUATION_OR_QUOTE class includes RSQ but not MLA.
-  // Without this, apostrophes in "don't" would act as word boundaries
-  // during NBSP insertion. The final MLA→RSQ conversion at line 286
-  // runs after all transforms complete.
-  text = niceQuotes(text, { ...separatorOpts, useModifierLetterApostrophe: true })
+  text = niceQuotes(text, separatorOpts)
 
   if (symbols) {
     text = symbolTransform(text, separatorOpts)
@@ -284,12 +267,6 @@ export function transform(text: string, options: TransformOptions = {}): string
 
   assertSeparatorCountPreserved(original, text, separator, "transform")
 
-  // Convert MLA→RSQ for regex-friendly output, after all transforms
-  // (especially NBSP which relies on MLA being letter-like).
-  if (!useModifierLetterApostrophe) {
-    text = text.replaceAll(UNICODE_SYMBOLS.MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE, UNICODE_SYMBOLS.RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE)
-  }
-
   if (checkIdempotency) {
     const secondPass = transform(text, { ...options, checkIdempotency: false })
     /* istanbul ignore if -- defensive check that should never trigger */

package/src/quotes.ts

@@ -22,17 +22,6 @@ export interface QuoteOptions {
   separator?: string
   /** "american" (inside), "british" (outside), "none". Default: "american" */
   punctuationStyle?: PunctuationStyle
-  /**
-   * Use modifier letter apostrophe (U+02BC) instead of right single quote
-   * (U+2019) for contractions and possessives. This distinguishes apostrophes
-   * from closing quotes in most cases, though some ambiguous patterns (e.g.,
-   * `dogs'` vs a closing single quote) cannot be resolved without semantic
-   * understanding. May also break downstream regex patterns that expect
-   * standard quote characters like /don\u2019t/ or /O\u2019Brien/.
-   *
-   * Default: false
-   */
-  useModifierLetterApostrophe?: boolean
 }
 
 /** Convert straight single quotes to curly quotes and apostrophes */
@@ -42,8 +31,9 @@ function convertSingleQuotes(text: string, sep: string): string {
   // Handle empty single quotes '' and whitespace-only quotes ' ' first
   // Only match straight quotes, not already-converted curly quotes
   const singleQuoteChars = `'${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}`
-  text = text.replace(new RegExp(`(?<![${singleQuoteChars}])''(?![${singleQuoteChars}])`, "g"), `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`)
-  text = text.replace(new RegExp(`(?<![${singleQuoteChars}])'(\\s+)'(?![${singleQuoteChars}])`, "g"), `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}$1${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`)
+  const singleQuoteOrWord = `[${singleQuoteChars}\\w]`
+  text = text.replace(new RegExp(`(?<!${singleQuoteOrWord})''(?!${singleQuoteOrWord})`, "g"), `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`)
+  text = text.replace(new RegExp(`(?<!${singleQuoteOrWord})'(\\s+)'(?!${singleQuoteOrWord})`, "g"), `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}$1${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`)
 
   const afterEndingSinglePatterns = `\\s\\.!?;,\\)${EM_DASH}\\-\\]"`
   // Full pattern with optional 's' for lookahead detection in apostropheRegex
@@ -80,9 +70,39 @@ function convertSingleQuotes(text: string, sep: string): string {
   const beginningSingle = `(?<beforeContext>(?:^|[\\s${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}${EM_DASH}\\-\\(])${escapedSep}?)['](?=${escapedSep}?\\S)`
   text = text.replace(new RegExp(beginningSingle, "gm"), `$<beforeContext>${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`)
 
+  text = convertUnmatchedPluralPossessives(text, sep)
+
   return text
 }
 
+/**
+ * Convert unmatched RSQ after s/S to MLA (plural possessives like dogs', Bayes').
+ * Tracks LSQ/RSQ balance left-to-right so that paired closing quotes
+ * (e.g., 'yes' where s precedes RSQ) remain RSQ.
+ */
+function convertUnmatchedPluralPossessives(text: string, sep: string): string {
+  let singleQuoteBalance = 0
+  return text.replace(
+    new RegExp(`[${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}]`, "g"),
+    (match, offset) => {
+      if (match === LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE) {
+        singleQuoteBalance++
+        return match
+      }
+      if (singleQuoteBalance > 0) {
+        singleQuoteBalance--
+        return match
+      }
+      let i = offset - 1
+      while (i >= 0 && text[i] === sep) i--
+      if (i >= 0 && (text[i] === "s" || text[i] === "S")) {
+        return MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE
+      }
+      return match
+    }
+  )
+}
+
 /** Convert straight double quotes to curly quotes */
 function convertDoubleQuotes(text: string, sep: string): string {
   const escapedSep = escapeStringRegexp(sep)
@@ -146,8 +166,8 @@ function applyPunctuationStyle(text: string, sep: string, style: PunctuationStyl
   return text
 }
 
-/** Convert straight quotes to smart quotes. */
-export function niceQuotes(text: string, options: QuoteOptions = {}): string {
+/** Shared quote-processing pipeline. Returns text with MLA for apostrophes. */
+function processQuotes(text: string, options: QuoteOptions): string {
   const sep = options.separator ?? DEFAULT_SEPARATOR
   const punctuationStyle = options.punctuationStyle ?? "american"
   if (punctuationStyle === "none") return text
@@ -156,12 +176,27 @@ export function niceQuotes(text: string, options: QuoteOptions = {}): string {
   text = convertDoubleQuotes(text, sep)
   text = applyPunctuationStyle(text, sep, punctuationStyle)
 
+  return text
+}
+
+/** Convert straight quotes to smart quotes. */
+export function niceQuotes(text: string, options: QuoteOptions = {}): string {
   // MLA is used internally so applyPunctuationStyle can distinguish
   // apostrophes (MLA, don't move) from closing quotes (RSQ, do move).
-  // Convert back to RSQ unless the caller opts into the distinction.
-  if (!options.useModifierLetterApostrophe) {
-    text = text.replaceAll(MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE, RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE)
-  }
+  // Always convert back to RSQ for standard output per Unicode.
+  return processQuotes(text, options).replaceAll(MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE, RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE)
+}
 
-  return text
+/**
+ * Classify apostrophes vs. closing single quotes.
+ *
+ * Returns the text with smart quotes applied, where apostrophes are
+ * U+02BC (MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE) and closing single quotes are
+ * U+2019 (RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK).
+ *
+ * For display output, use {@link niceQuotes} or `transform()` instead,
+ * which use U+2019 for both per the Unicode Standard.
+ */
+export function classifyApostrophes(text: string, options: QuoteOptions = {}): string {
+  return processQuotes(text, options)
 }

package/src/tests/quotes.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { niceQuotes } from "../quotes.js"
+import { niceQuotes, classifyApostrophes } from "../quotes.js"
 import { UNICODE_SYMBOLS, DEFAULT_SEPARATOR } from "../constants.js"
 
 const {
@@ -11,16 +11,12 @@ const {
   ELLIPSIS,
 } = UNICODE_SYMBOLS
 
-/** Enable MLA output for tests that assert the apostrophe codepoint. */
-const MLA = { useModifierLetterApostrophe: true } as const
-
 describe("niceQuotes", () => {
   describe("double quotes", () => {
     it.each([
       ['"This is a quote", she said.', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}This is a quote,${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE} she said.`],
       ['"This is a quote," she said.', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}This is a quote,${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE} she said.`],
       ['"This is a quote!".', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}This is a quote!${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}.`],
-      ['"This is a quote?".', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}This is a quote?${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}.`],
       ['"This is a quote..." he trailed off.', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}This is a quote...${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE} he trailed off.`],
       ['She said, "This is a quote."', `She said, ${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}This is a quote.${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
       ['"Hello." Mary', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}Hello.${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE} Mary`],
@@ -53,7 +49,7 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       // End-of-line quote becomes RIGHT quote
       ['not confident in that plan - "', `not confident in that plan - ${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
     ])('should convert double quotes in "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
   })
 
@@ -85,9 +81,6 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
         "strategy s's return is good, even as d's return is bad",
         `strategy s${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s return is good, even as d${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s return is bad`,
       ],
-      // Possessive plural (trailing apostrophe → closing RSQ)
-      ["the dogs' owner", `the dogs${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} owner`],
-      ["the bosses' meeting", `the bosses${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} meeting`],
       // Chained possessives
       ["the dog's owner's car", `the dog${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s owner${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s car`],
       // Hyphenated possessive
@@ -102,12 +95,10 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       [`don't${EM_DASH}stop`, `don${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}t${EM_DASH}stop`],
       // Contraction + digit context
       ["it's 5 o'clock", `it${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s 5 o${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}clock`],
-      // French contractions (single-letter prefix + accented Latin)
+      // French contraction (single-letter prefix + accented Latin)
       ["l'homme", `l${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}homme`],
-      ["l'école", `l${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}école`],
-      // Uppercase contractions and names
+      // Uppercase contraction/name
       ["O'NEILL", `O${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}NEILL`],
-      ["CAN'T", `CAN${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}T`],
       // Possessive in parenthetical
       ["(Brien's)", `(Brien${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s)`],
       // Possessive inside single-quoted phrase
@@ -123,7 +114,85 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       // Closing RSQ then opening LDQ
       [`'hello' "world"`, `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}hello${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} ${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}world${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
     ])('should handle single quotes/apostrophes in "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("plural possessive apostrophes", () => {
+    it.each([
+      // Unmatched trailing s' → MLA
+      ["the models' behavior", `the models${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} behavior`],
+      ["Bayes' rule", `Bayes${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} rule`],
+      ["Thomas' gaze", `Thomas${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} gaze`],
+      ["dogs' and cats' toys", `dogs${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} and cats${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} toys`],
+      ["belongs to the dogs'", `belongs to the dogs${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}`],
+      ["the DOGS' owner", `the DOGS${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} owner`],
+      ["Prisoners' Dilemma", `Prisoners${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} Dilemma`],
+      // Mixed possessive + quoted phrase
+      ["dogs' and 'hello'", `dogs${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} and ${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}hello${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`],
+      ["'cats' and dogs'", `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}cats${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} and dogs${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}`],
+      // Matched closing quote after s stays RSQ
+      ["'yes'", `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}yes${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`],
+      ["'dogs'", `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}dogs${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`],
+      ["'he tells' stories", `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}he tells${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} stories`],
+    ])('handles plural possessive: "%s"', (input, expected) => {
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
+    })
+
+    it.each([
+      `the dogs${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} owner`,
+      `Bayes${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} rule`,
+      `dogs${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} and ${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}cats${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`,
+    ])('plural possessive is idempotent: "%s"', (input) => {
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(input)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(classifyApostrophes(input))).toBe(input)
+    })
+
+    it("stress: many possessives interleaved with quotes", () => {
+      // 50 alternating possessives and quoted phrases
+      const pairs = Array.from({ length: 50 }, (_, i) =>
+        i % 2 === 0 ? `dogs'` : `'yes'`
+      )
+      const input = pairs.join(" ")
+      const result = classifyApostrophes(input)
+      // Every dogs' → MLA, every 'yes' → LSQ+yes+RSQ
+      const expectedParts = Array.from({ length: 50 }, (_, i) =>
+        i % 2 === 0
+          ? `dogs${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}`
+          : `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}yes${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`
+      )
+      expect(result).toBe(expectedParts.join(" "))
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(result)).toBe(result)
+    })
+
+    it("stress: 200 consecutive plural possessives", () => {
+      const words = ["dogs'", "cats'", "Bayes'", "Thomas'", "PLAYERS'"]
+      const input = Array.from({ length: 200 }, (_, i) => words[i % words.length]).join(" ")
+      const start = performance.now()
+      const result = classifyApostrophes(input)
+      expect(performance.now() - start).toBeLessThan(1000)
+      // All should be MLA (no LSQ to pair with)
+      expect(result).not.toContain(RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE)
+      expect(result).not.toContain("'")
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(result)).toBe(result)
+    })
+
+    it("stress: deeply nested alternating pattern", () => {
+      // Pattern: 'a' dogs' 'b' cats' 'c' ...
+      const possessives = ["dogs", "cats", "items", "players", "Bayes"]
+      const input = Array.from({ length: 30 }, (_, i) =>
+        i % 2 === 0 ? `'word${i}'` : `${possessives[i % possessives.length]}'`
+      ).join(" ")
+      const result = classifyApostrophes(input)
+      // Quoted words get LSQ/RSQ, possessives get MLA
+      for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
+        if (i % 2 === 0) {
+          expect(result).toContain(`${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}word${i}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`)
+        } else {
+          expect(result).toContain(`${possessives[i % possessives.length]}${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}`)
+        }
+      }
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(result)).toBe(result)
     })
   })
 
@@ -142,11 +211,11 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       ["'twas the night, 'twas indeed", `${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}twas the night, ${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}twas indeed`],
       [`"'twas the night"`, `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}twas the night${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
     ])('handles leading apostrophe in "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
 
     it("multiple decades in one sentence", () => {
-      expect(niceQuotes("The '60s, '70s, and '80s were different.", MLA)).toBe(
+      expect(classifyApostrophes("The '60s, '70s, and '80s were different.")).toBe(
         `The ${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}60s, ${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}70s, and ${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}80s were different.`
       )
     })
@@ -159,7 +228,7 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       ["digit neighbors (\\w includes digits)", "1 'n' 2", `1 ${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}n${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} 2`],
       ["known false positive: quoted letter", "the letter 'n' is common", `the letter ${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}n${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} is common`],
     ])('%s', (_label, input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
 
     it.each([
@@ -168,15 +237,7 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       ["punctuation precedes first apostrophe", "said, 'n' is good", `said, ${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}n${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} is good`],
       ["newline replaces space", "Rock 'n'\nRoll", `Rock ${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}n${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}\nRoll`],
     ])('does not produce MLA-n-MLA: %s', (_label, input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe("nested quotes", () => {
-    it("handles double quotes containing single quotes", () => {
-      const input = '"She said \'hello\'"'
-      const expected = `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}She said ${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}hello${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`
-      expect(niceQuotes(input)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
   })
 
@@ -213,7 +274,7 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       [`O'Brien's idea`, `O${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}Brien${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s idea`],
       [`The O'Connors`, `The O${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}Connors`],
     ])('handles Irish/Scottish name apostrophes: "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
 
     // From smartquotes.js: complex nested quotes
@@ -247,7 +308,7 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       // Quote with slash separator
       ['"option1"/"option2"', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}option1${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}/${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}option2${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
     ])('handles complex pattern: "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
 
     it("handles multi-line dialogue", () => {
@@ -269,12 +330,12 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       `O${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}NEILL`,
       `CAN${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}T`,
       // Plural possessive
-      `the dogs${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} owner`,
+      `the dogs${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} owner`,
       // Mixed quote types
       `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}hello${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} ${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}world${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`,
     ])('is idempotent for: "%s"', (input) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(input)
-      expect(niceQuotes(niceQuotes(input, MLA), MLA)).toBe(input)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(input)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(classifyApostrophes(input))).toBe(input)
     })
   })
 
@@ -293,14 +354,21 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       // Closing after separator
       [`'hello${sep}'`, `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}hello${sep}${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`, "closing quote after separator"],
     ])("%s → %s (%s)", (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, { separator: sep, ...MLA })).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input, { separator: sep })).toBe(expected)
+    })
+
+    it("plural possessive across separator", () => {
+      const input = `dogs${sep}' food`
+      const expected = `dogs${sep}${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} food`
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input, { separator: sep })).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(expected, { separator: sep })).toBe(expected)
     })
 
     it("'n' with separators around word boundaries", () => {
       const input = `Rock${sep} 'n' ${sep}Roll`
       const expected = `Rock${sep} ${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}n${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} ${sep}Roll`
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, { separator: sep, ...MLA })).toBe(expected)
-      expect(niceQuotes(expected, { separator: sep, ...MLA })).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input, { separator: sep })).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(expected, { separator: sep })).toBe(expected)
     })
   })
 
@@ -316,7 +384,7 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       ["'a", `${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}a`],
       ["a'", `a${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`],
     ])('handles edge quote pattern: "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
   })
 
@@ -340,19 +408,7 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       ["wouldn't've", `wouldn${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}t${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}ve`],
       ["couldn't've", `couldn${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}t${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}ve`],
     ])('handles double contraction: "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe("quotes with special Unicode", () => {
-    it.each([
-      ['"Hello! 😊"', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}Hello! 😊${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
-      ['"你好"', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}你好${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
-      ['"こんにちは"', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}こんにちは${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
-      ['"مرحبا"', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}مرحبا${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
-      ['"Привет"', `${LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}Привет${RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTE}`],
-    ])('handles Unicode content in quotes: "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
   })
 
@@ -365,7 +421,7 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       // Newline stops lookahead → MLA (not LSQ) since no closing quote visible
       ["'hello\nworld'", `${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}hello\nworld${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`],
     ])('handles multiline: "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
   })
 
@@ -431,7 +487,7 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
         // British: RSQ period moves outside (contrast)
         [`${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}hello.${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`, `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}hello${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}.`, "british"],
       ])('%s → %s (%s)', (input, expected, style) => {
-        expect(niceQuotes(input, { punctuationStyle: style as "american" | "british", ...MLA })).toBe(expected)
+        expect(classifyApostrophes(input, { punctuationStyle: style as "american" | "british" })).toBe(expected)
       })
     })
 
@@ -459,12 +515,13 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
     })
   })
 
-  describe("useModifierLetterApostrophe option", () => {
+  describe("niceQuotes vs classifyApostrophes", () => {
     const RSQ = RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE
 
     it.each([
       ["contractions", "don't", `don${RSQ}t`],
       ["possessives", "the dog's bone", `the dog${RSQ}s bone`],
+      ["plural possessives", "the dogs' owner", `the dogs${RSQ} owner`],
       ["O'Brien-style names", "O'Brien's idea", `O${RSQ}Brien${RSQ}s idea`],
       ["'n' abbreviation", "Rock 'n' Roll", `Rock ${RSQ}n${RSQ} Roll`],
       ["decades", "the '90s", `the ${RSQ}90s`],
@@ -473,23 +530,23 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
       expect(niceQuotes(input)).toBe(expected)
     })
 
-    it("uses MLA when option is true", () => {
-      expect(niceQuotes("don't", MLA)).toBe(`don${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}t`)
+    it("classifyApostrophes uses MLA for apostrophes", () => {
+      expect(classifyApostrophes("don't")).toBe(`don${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}t`)
     })
 
     it("RSQ output is idempotent", () => {
-      const inputs = ["don't", "the dog's", "O'Brien", "Rock 'n' Roll", "'90s"]
+      const inputs = ["don't", "the dog's", "the dogs'", "O'Brien", "Rock 'n' Roll", "'90s"]
       for (const input of inputs) {
         const first = niceQuotes(input)
         expect(niceQuotes(first)).toBe(first)
       }
     })
 
-    it("MLA output is idempotent", () => {
-      const inputs = ["don't", "the dog's", "O'Brien", "Rock 'n' Roll", "'90s"]
+    it("classifyApostrophes output is idempotent", () => {
+      const inputs = ["don't", "the dog's", "the dogs'", "O'Brien", "Rock 'n' Roll", "'90s"]
       for (const input of inputs) {
-        const first = niceQuotes(input, MLA)
-        expect(niceQuotes(first, MLA)).toBe(first)
+        const first = classifyApostrophes(input)
+        expect(classifyApostrophes(first)).toBe(first)
       }
     })
 
@@ -503,12 +560,12 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
         // Mixed MLA + RSQ in same text
         [`I${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}m fine and you${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}re great`, `I${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}m fine and you${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}re great`],
       ])('normalizes RSQ contraction "%s"', (input, expected) => {
-        expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(expected)
+        expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(expected)
       })
 
       it("does NOT normalize RSQ when it is a closing quote", () => {
         const input = `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}hello${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} world`
-        expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(input)
+        expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(input)
       })
 
       it.each([
@@ -518,11 +575,20 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
         [`${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}Stop!${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}`, "exclamation"],
         [`${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}test,${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} more`, "comma"],
       ])("preserves closing RSQ preceded by non-word char (%s)", (input) => {
-        expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(input)
+        expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(input)
       })
 
       it("normalizes RSQ possessive with digit prefix", () => {
-        expect(niceQuotes(`GPT-2${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}s`, MLA)).toBe(`GPT-2${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s`)
+        expect(classifyApostrophes(`GPT-2${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE}s`)).toBe(`GPT-2${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s`)
+      })
+
+      it("normalizes RSQ plural possessive to MLA", () => {
+        expect(classifyApostrophes(`the dogs${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} owner`)).toBe(`the dogs${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE} owner`)
+      })
+
+      it("preserves RSQ plural possessive when matched with LSQ", () => {
+        const input = `${LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTE}dogs${RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTE} and more`
+        expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(input)
       })
     })
   })
@@ -531,24 +597,24 @@ describe("niceQuotes", () => {
     it("handles 1500-char input without closing quote", () => {
       const input = `'${"a".repeat(1500)}`
       const start = performance.now()
-      const result = niceQuotes(input, MLA)
+      const result = classifyApostrophes(input)
       expect(performance.now() - start).toBeLessThan(1000)
-      expect(niceQuotes(result, MLA)).toBe(result)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(result)).toBe(result)
     })
 
     it("handles 16 rapid apostrophes", () => {
       const input = "a'b'c'd'e'f'g'h'i'j'k'l'm'n'o'p"
       const expected = `a${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}b${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}c${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}d${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}e${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}f${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}g${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}h${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}i${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}j${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}k${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}l${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}m${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}n${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}o${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}p`
       const start = performance.now()
-      const result = niceQuotes(input, MLA)
+      const result = classifyApostrophes(input)
       expect(performance.now() - start).toBeLessThan(1000)
       expect(result).toBe(expected)
-      expect(niceQuotes(result, MLA)).toBe(result)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(result)).toBe(result)
     })
 
     it("handles 500-char word + possessive", () => {
       const input = `${"a".repeat(500)}'s thing`
-      expect(niceQuotes(input, MLA)).toBe(`${"a".repeat(500)}${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s thing`)
+      expect(classifyApostrophes(input)).toBe(`${"a".repeat(500)}${MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE}s thing`)
     })
   })
 

package/src/tests/remark.test.ts

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe("remarkPunctilio", () => {
   describe("basic transformations (nbsp enabled)", () => {
     it.each([
       ["quotes", '"Hello," she said.', `${LDQ}Hello,${RDQ} she${NBSP}said.`],
-      ["apostrophes", "It's a test.", `It${RSQ}s a${NBSP}test.`],
+      ["apostrophes", "It's a test.", `It${RSQ}s${NBSP}a${NBSP}test.`],
       ["em dashes", "Wait -- here it comes.", `Wait${EM_DASH}here it${NBSP}comes.`],
       ["en dashes (number range)", "Pages 1-5", `Pages${NBSP}1${EN_DASH}5`],
       ["ellipses", "Wait...", `Wait${ELLIPSIS}`],