psyclaw 0.28.0 → 0.28.2
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/README.md +5 -5
- package/agents/recommended/catalog.json +99 -0
- package/dist/apps/panel/index.html +5 -5
- package/dist/src/adapters/pi/extension.js +164 -18
- package/dist/src/adapters/pi/extension.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/adapters/pi/rpc.d.ts +2 -0
- package/dist/src/adapters/pi/rpc.js +9 -2
- package/dist/src/adapters/pi/rpc.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/agents/recommended-personas.d.ts +42 -0
- package/dist/src/agents/recommended-personas.js +135 -0
- package/dist/src/agents/recommended-personas.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/src/ars/mode-editor.d.ts +20 -0
- package/dist/src/ars/mode-editor.js +57 -0
- package/dist/src/ars/mode-editor.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/src/ars/profile.d.ts +4 -1
- package/dist/src/ars/profile.js +23 -6
- package/dist/src/ars/profile.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/cli.js +6 -3
- package/dist/src/cli.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/creation/contracts.d.ts +3 -0
- package/dist/src/creation/service.js +17 -5
- package/dist/src/creation/service.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/index.d.ts +1 -0
- package/dist/src/index.js +1 -0
- package/dist/src/index.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/orchestration/bundled-personas.d.ts +16 -0
- package/dist/src/orchestration/bundled-personas.js +101 -0
- package/dist/src/orchestration/bundled-personas.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/src/orchestration/effects.d.ts +8 -0
- package/dist/src/orchestration/effects.js +39 -0
- package/dist/src/orchestration/effects.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/src/orchestration/personas.d.ts +2 -1
- package/dist/src/orchestration/personas.js +20 -7
- package/dist/src/orchestration/personas.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/orchestration/pi-executor.d.ts +9 -5
- package/dist/src/orchestration/pi-executor.js +55 -22
- package/dist/src/orchestration/pi-executor.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/orchestration/research-agents.d.ts +3 -7
- package/dist/src/orchestration/research-agents.js +5 -69
- package/dist/src/orchestration/research-agents.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/panel/server.js +6 -0
- package/dist/src/panel/server.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/style/cli-ui.d.ts +14 -0
- package/dist/src/style/cli-ui.js +45 -0
- package/dist/src/style/cli-ui.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/tui/skill-manager.js +1 -1
- package/dist/src/tui/skill-manager.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/src/updates/update.js +9 -3
- package/dist/src/updates/update.js.map +1 -1
- package/package.json +11 -3
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/LICENSE +21 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/NOTICE.md +7 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/PSYCLAW_SOURCE.json +14 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-composer/SKILL.md +840 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-composer/references/section_guides.md +675 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-composer/references/writing_standards.md +629 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-composer/scripts/chapter_quality_check.py +470 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-composer/scripts/final_evaluation.py +550 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-strategist/SKILL.md +670 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-strategist/references/quality_standards.md +336 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-strategist/references/search_strategy.md +459 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-strategist/scripts/evaluate_samples.py +300 -0
- package/vendor/academic-paper-skills/academic-paper-strategist/scripts/gap_analysis.py +399 -0
- package/vendor/ars/pi/wrapper.js +9 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/LICENSE +201 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/NOTICE.md +7 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/PSYCLAW_SOURCE.json +19 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/README.md +107 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/README_EN.md +107 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/SKILL.md +154 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/agents/openai.yaml +4 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/evals/evals.json +325 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/manifest.yaml +103 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/ai-graphical-abstract-workflow.md +129 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/api.md +576 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/asset-adaptation.md +72 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/backend-selection.md +118 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/chart-types.md +348 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/common-patterns.md +371 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/demos.md +58 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/design-theory.md +467 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/figure-contract.md +122 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/figure-legend-conventions.md +90 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/multipanel-evidence-architecture.md +268 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/nature-2026-observations.md +124 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/nature-article-requirements.md +149 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/openrouter-image-generation.md +141 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/qa-contract.md +344 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/r-template-index.md +66 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/r-workflow.md +234 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/template-catalog.md +33 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/references/tutorials.md +260 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/requirements.txt +1 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/scripts/audit_figure_collisions.py +742 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/scripts/audit_panel_alignment.py +933 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/scripts/audit_pdf_text.py +152 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/scripts/figure_safety.py +50 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/scripts/generate_openrouter_schematic.py +260 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/scripts/nature_figure_backend.py +93 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/scripts/panel_alignment.R +188 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/scripts/plot_templates.py +604 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/scripts/validate_figure.py +835 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/static/core/contract.md +55 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/static/core/stance.md +41 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/static/fragments/backend/python.md +56 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/static/fragments/backend/r.md +63 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-figure/tests/test_figure_safety.py +209 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/README.md +58 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/README_EN.md +58 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/SKILL.md +111 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/agents/openai.yaml +4 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/manifest.yaml +101 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/references/latex-layout.md +211 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/references/nat-comms-2025-diction.md +73 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/references/phrasebank-playbook.md +175 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/references/published-article-patterns.md +126 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/references/section-moves.md +252 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/references/style-guardrails.md +94 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/references/writing-strategy.md +160 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/core/failure-modes.md +29 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/core/output-format.md +21 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/core/stance.md +26 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/journal/generic.md +17 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/journal/nat-comms.md +38 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/journal/nat-mach-intell.md +102 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/journal/nature.md +19 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/language/en.md +19 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/language/zh-to-en.md +19 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/paper_type/algorithmic.md +18 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/paper_type/hypothesis.md +17 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/paper_type/methods.md +35 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/paper_type/research.md +29 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/paper_type/review.md +17 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/section/abstract.md +26 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/section/conclusion.md +15 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/section/discussion.md +48 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/section/intro.md +33 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/section/methods.md +26 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/section/results.md +61 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-polishing/static/fragments/section/title.md +17 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-ref-verifier/README.md +44 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-ref-verifier/README_EN.md +44 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-ref-verifier/SKILL.md +196 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-ref-verifier/agents/openai.yaml +4 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-ref-verifier/manifest.yaml +19 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-ref-verifier/references/common-patterns.md +96 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/README.md +43 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/README_EN.md +43 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/SKILL.md +33 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/agents/openai.yaml +6 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/consistency-sweep.md +122 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/discussion-argument-language.md +192 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/ethics.md +88 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/main-text-discipline.md +179 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/nature-abstract.md +171 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/nature-introduction.md +164 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/nature-results-discussion.md +215 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/paper-type-taxonomy.md +41 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/reader-workflow.md +21 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/research-compliance.md +192 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/core/terminology-ledger.md +58 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/journal-formats/nat-comms.md +139 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/journal-formats/nature-machine-intelligence.md +431 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/journal-formats/nature.md +313 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/manifest.yaml +52 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/scripts/check_consistency.py +273 -0
- package/vendor/nature-skills/skills/nature-shared/tests/test_check_consistency.py +63 -0
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# `nature-shared/` - shared support package for nature-* skills
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This is an installable support package, not a standalone user workflow. It keeps the shared definitions and references used by multiple `nature-*` skills in one place so those sources stay consistent and update together. A complete `npx skills` installation discovers and manages it alongside the user-facing skills.
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Sibling skills reference these files through relative paths such as:
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```yaml
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always_load:
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- ../nature-shared/core/reader-workflow.md
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```
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## Contents
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| File | Consumers |
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| `core/reader-workflow.md` | `nature-polishing`, `nature-writing` |
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| `core/paper-type-taxonomy.md` | `nature-polishing`, `nature-writing` |
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| `core/ethics.md` | `nature-polishing`, `nature-writing` |
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| `core/research-compliance.md` | `nature-writing` and skills needing Nature Portfolio specialist compliance checks |
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| `core/terminology-ledger.md` | `nature-polishing`, `nature-writing`, `nature-reader`, `nature-paper2ppt` |
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| `core/consistency-sweep.md` | `nature-polishing`, `nature-reviewer`, `nature-response`, `nature-statistics` |
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| `core/main-text-discipline.md` | `nature-writing`, `nature-polishing`, `nature-response` |
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| `core/nature-results-discussion.md` | Nature / Nature Portfolio Results claim escalation and Discussion synthesis for `nature-writing` and `nature-polishing`, distilled from published NMI and flagship Nature papers (not official policy) |
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| `core/discussion-argument-language.md` | Journal-general Discussion functions, reverse-funnel control, evidence-calibrated modality, claim boundaries, and future-work auditing for `nature-writing` and `nature-polishing` (writing guidance, not journal policy) |
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| `core/nature-introduction.md` | Nature / Nature Portfolio problem funnels, exact gaps, and Introduction–Results alignment for `nature-writing` and `nature-polishing`, initially distilled from NMI papers (not official policy) |
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| `core/nature-abstract.md` | Nature / Nature Portfolio discovery-centred abstract evidence chains, claim hierarchy, and numeric selection for `nature-writing` and `nature-polishing`, initially distilled from NMI papers (not official policy) |
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| `journal-formats/nat-comms.md` | `nature-polishing`, `nature-writing` |
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| `journal-formats/nature.md` | `nature-writing` and skills needing exact flagship `Nature Article` submission rules |
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| `journal-formats/nature-machine-intelligence.md` | Writing, polishing, figure, data, and statistics workflows for NMI submissions |
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`scripts/check_consistency.py` provides a mechanical first pass for terminology variants, equal values reported at different precision, and equivalent lengths expressed in different units. Its output is a set of warnings for contextual review, not automatic edits.
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## When to Put Files Here
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Only place a file here when two or more skills need to reuse the same content. If the content serves only one skill, keep it in that skill's own `static/` or `references/` directory.
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## When to Keep Content Local
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The shared layer should hold definitions and references only, such as paper-type classifications, reader workflows, ethics rules, or terminology ledgers. Skill-specific diagnosis, drafting, modification, and output logic should remain in each skill's own files.
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## Relationship With Other Skills
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`nature-shared/` is not a standalone workflow. It is a shared dependency package that other `nature-*` skills read on demand.
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---
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name: nature-shared
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description: Internal shared-reference support package for installed Nature Skills, including nature-writing, nature-polishing, nature-response, nature-reader, and nature-paper2ppt. Do not invoke it as a standalone user workflow. Load only the specific core or journal-format file requested by another Nature skill.
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---
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# Nature Shared References
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Use this package only as a dependency of another installed Nature skill.
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- Load the exact referenced file; do not preload the whole package.
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- Treat `core/` and `journal-formats/` as shared definitions, not standalone workflows.
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- Use `journal-formats/nature.md` only for the flagship journal Nature and
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`core/research-compliance.md` only when its specialist applicability gate is
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triggered.
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- Use `journal-formats/nature-machine-intelligence.md` for exact NMI article
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types, limits, initial-submission files, data/code duties and production
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requirements; do not import flagship Nature or Nature Communications limits.
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- Use `core/main-text-discipline.md` for result placement, main-text compression,
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revision accretion, caption/SI allocation, and claim-repetition checks.
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- Use `core/nature-results-discussion.md` for corpus-derived Nature-style
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Results claim escalation, evidence-bound local interpretation, and Discussion
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synthesis; do not present it as official journal policy.
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- Use `core/discussion-argument-language.md` for journal-general Discussion
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function sequencing, reverse-funnel control, evidence-calibrated modality,
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claim-specific limitations, and uncertainty-driven future work.
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- Use `core/nature-introduction.md` for corpus-derived Nature-style problem
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funnels, exact knowledge gaps, literature tension, question-first novelty,
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and Introduction–Results alignment; do not present it as official journal
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policy.
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- Use `core/nature-abstract.md` for corpus-derived Nature-style
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discovery-centred abstract compression, claim hierarchy, selective numeric
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support, and field-level payoff; do not present it as official journal policy.
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- Return to the requesting skill for task logic, output format, and final QA.
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interface:
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display_name: "Nature Shared References"
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short_description: "Shared references for dependent Nature Skills only"
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default_prompt: "Use $nature-shared only as a support package requested by another Nature Skill."
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policy:
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allow_implicit_invocation: false
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# Consistency Sweep
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A retrospective audit of a manuscript that already exists. `terminology-ledger.md` is preventive:
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it fixes the vocabulary before drafting. This file is detective: it finds the drift that a
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manuscript has already accumulated, which is what happens to every manuscript that has been revised
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more than once.
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Use it when polishing or proofreading a full manuscript, when self-reviewing before submission, when
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auditing a revision, or whenever multiple rounds of editing have touched the same document. Do not
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use it as a substitute for building a ledger on a fresh draft.
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Two facts drive the method:
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- **Multi-round editing fragments a manuscript.** Each round produces wording that fits its local
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context and diverges from the rest. Nobody notices, because nobody re-reads the whole document
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after each small edit.
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- **Reviewers verify arithmetic and cross-check tables.** Numbers that do not reconcile and claims
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that contradict the paper's own data are the cheapest possible findings for a referee, and they
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cast doubt on everything that is harder to check.
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## 1. Sweep, then inspect
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Count variants mechanically first, then read the contexts before changing anything. Raw counts
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over-report: Title Case in captions and headings, sentence-initial capitals, first-use acronym
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expansions, and grammatically required inflections are legitimate variation.
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For each axis, count every variant, then open the contexts of the minority forms. A term used 33
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times one way and once another way is almost always a real slip; a term split 5/4 usually means two
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different concepts are being conflated.
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Start the mechanical pass with the bundled checker, resolving it relative to the
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`nature-shared` package directory:
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```bash
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python scripts/check_consistency.py manuscript.tex tables.tex \
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--term-group 'test-object=specimen|sample|test article' \
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--term-group 'method-name=GraphNet|Graph Net'
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```
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The checker reports built-in self-reference and standard-deviation variants, user-supplied term
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groups, equal numeric values printed at different precision, and equivalent lengths written in
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different units. Use `--json` for machine-readable results or `--fail-on-findings` in a local
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quality gate. Findings are warnings, not automatic corrections: identical numbers may denote
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different quantities, and two terms may represent a real conceptual distinction. Inspect every
|
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reported context before editing. This first pass does not replace the claim, tense, acronym,
|
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cross-reference, or redundancy checks below.
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## 2. Axes
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| Axis | What to look for | Typical real finding |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| Experimental factors | Every name used for one variable | One factor under four names, while a fifth name denotes a *different* concept |
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| Physical objects | One word denoting two things | `specimen` meaning both a physical test article and a row in the test set |
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| Acronyms | Definition site vs first use | Abbreviation used pages before it is defined; defined twice; never expanded |
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| Model and method names | Expansion and capitalization at each mention | `Multi-Layer Perceptron` vs `Multilayer Perceptron`; `Extreme` vs `eXtreme Gradient Boosting` |
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| Units | The **same quantity** in two units | `35 mm` cover in one section, `3.5 cm` cover in another |
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| Statistical terms | Abbreviation and technical precision | `SD` in one table, `Std` in another; `confidence interval` where `prediction interval` is meant |
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| Number formatting | Decimal places per metric; percent spacing | `8.26` in a table against `8.258` in the text |
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| Self-reference | `this study` / `this paper` / `this work` / `this article` | One stray variant among many |
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| Tense | Parallelism inside a list | Three conclusion items in past tense, one in present |
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| Hyphenation | Compound modifiers | Genuine distinction: `residual-capacity check` (modifier) vs `the residual capacity` (noun) |
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| Spelling variety | `-ise`/`-yse` vs `-ize`/`-yze`, `-our` vs `-or` | New text in British spelling inside a US-spelling manuscript |
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| Cross-references | Non-breaking space before the number | `Figure~\ref` vs `Figure \ref` mixed |
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Two axes are technical errors rather than style, and reviewers treat them as competence signals:
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- **Interval terminology.** A confidence interval covers a parameter; a prediction interval covers a
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future observation. A paper reporting per-observation uncertainty must say *prediction interval*.
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`confidence level` for the alpha level is a different, correct term — do not "fix" it.
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- **Same quantity, two units.** Converting for local readability forces the reader to verify that the
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two numbers match, and invites the suspicion that they do not.
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72
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+
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Run several passes. Each pass surfaces axes the previous one did not, because fixing one axis makes
|
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the next one visible. In practice a heavily revised manuscript yields findings on at least three
|
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successive passes before converging.
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## 3. Numeric self-consistency
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- **Headline counts must be derivable from the Methods.** A design described as "640 samples covering
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32 states, four positions and four orientations" invites the reader to compute 512. If the real
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design is 32 x 4 positions x 5 signals (four orientations plus an averaged waveform), say so in
|
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the abstract and conclusion, not only in the Methods.
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- **One metric, one precision, everywhere.** Cross-check every number that appears in more than one
|
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place — abstract, results prose, tables, conclusion — mechanically, not from memory.
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- **Reused numbers must denote the same thing.** When two different quantities happen to share a
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value, label them distinctly; the same integer meaning "design combinations" in one section and
|
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"test-set size" in another will be read as one quantity.
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+
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## 4. Claims versus the paper's own data
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+
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Check every superlative against the table behind it.
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- "Consistently highest across all three methods" fails if one column shows another item higher.
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State what the data supports and name the exception explicitly. A reviewer who finds the exception
|
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unaided assumes nothing else was checked either.
|
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- Overlapping error bars do not support "outperformed". Use "statistically indistinguishable".
|
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+
- Check for **under**claiming too. A conclusion saying "matched the best conventional model" when the
|
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results section reports first place on every metric throws away a real result.
|
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+
- Internal summaries must agree with each other. If the results section concludes that features A and
|
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B are jointly dominant, the abstract and conclusion cannot credit only A.
|
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+
|
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## 5. Redundancy between prose and displays
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+
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Prose that restates a table's numbers adds length without information. Keep in the text only what the
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display cannot show: the interpretation, the comparison, the reason a value matters.
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+
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The same applies within a paragraph — a sentence that re-states the immediately preceding sentence in
|
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different words is padding, and it is easy to introduce when adding material in response to a
|
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+
comment. After any insertion, re-read the neighbouring sentences and check that the new text is not
|
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saying what the old text already said.
|
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+
|
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+
## 6. Order of operations
|
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+
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1. Numeric self-consistency and claims-versus-data (sections 3 and 4). Fix content before wording.
|
|
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+
2. Terminology sweep (sections 1 and 2), repeated until a pass finds nothing new.
|
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+
3. Redundancy pass (section 5).
|
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4. Recompile and re-verify anything that depends on pagination.
|
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+
|
|
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+
Content fixes change wording, and wording fixes change pagination, so this order avoids redoing work.
|
|
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Any downstream artifact that quotes the manuscript — a response letter, a cover letter, a slide deck
|
|
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|
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— must be re-synchronized after every change; see `nature-response/references/package-consistency-audit.md`
|
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when a revision package is involved.
|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
|
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|
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|
+
# Discussion Argument and Language Calibration
|
|
2
|
+
|
|
3
|
+
Use this reference when drafting, restructuring, or polishing a scientific
|
|
4
|
+
Discussion. It applies across journals; journal-specific article structures,
|
|
5
|
+
word limits, and reporting requirements still take precedence.
|
|
6
|
+
|
|
7
|
+
This is **writing guidance, not an official Nature Portfolio requirement**.
|
|
8
|
+
Its functional model is informed in part by the author-supplied public article
|
|
9
|
+
[“学术训练 | How to Write the Discussion?”](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/exPlMmjkrDPchE6dCfjINw)
|
|
10
|
+
(22 August 2026), which summarizes material from *Science Research Writing for
|
|
11
|
+
Non-native Speakers of English*. The rules below are a selective,
|
|
12
|
+
accuracy-checked synthesis rather than a transcription of that article or book.
|
|
13
|
+
|
|
14
|
+
## Contents
|
|
15
|
+
|
|
16
|
+
- [Use the reverse funnel as a direction, not a template](#use-the-reverse-funnel-as-a-direction-not-a-template)
|
|
17
|
+
- [Build the Discussion from four functions](#build-the-discussion-from-four-functions)
|
|
18
|
+
- [Separate interpretation from Results replay](#separate-interpretation-from-results-replay)
|
|
19
|
+
- [Calibrate modality to evidence strength](#calibrate-modality-to-evidence-strength)
|
|
20
|
+
- [Write limitations as claim boundaries](#write-limitations-as-claim-boundaries)
|
|
21
|
+
- [Make future work resolve an uncertainty](#make-future-work-resolve-an-uncertainty)
|
|
22
|
+
- [Run the sentence-function audit](#run-the-sentence-function-audit)
|
|
23
|
+
|
|
24
|
+
## Use the reverse funnel as a direction, not a template
|
|
25
|
+
|
|
26
|
+
Introduction usually narrows from the field to the paper's precise question.
|
|
27
|
+
Discussion generally moves in the opposite epistemic direction:
|
|
28
|
+
|
|
29
|
+
`specific findings -> integrated interpretation -> relation to the field -> bounded implications`
|
|
30
|
+
|
|
31
|
+
This is a reader-orientation principle, not a demand that every Discussion
|
|
32
|
+
begin with a Results summary or end with a grand claim. Expand only as far as
|
|
33
|
+
the evidence permits. A narrow study may properly end with a narrow
|
|
34
|
+
implication.
|
|
35
|
+
|
|
36
|
+
Choose the opening anchor that best restores the central context:
|
|
37
|
+
|
|
38
|
+
- revisit the unresolved problem when solving that problem is the main advance
|
|
39
|
+
- revisit the design or method when the method changes what can be inferred
|
|
40
|
+
- state the central finding when the discovery itself is the main advance
|
|
41
|
+
|
|
42
|
+
Use one compressed anchor. Do not repeat the Introduction's background or the
|
|
43
|
+
Results section's full evidence chain.
|
|
44
|
+
|
|
45
|
+
## Build the Discussion from four functions
|
|
46
|
+
|
|
47
|
+
Treat the following as functions, not four mandatory paragraphs. Combine,
|
|
48
|
+
reorder, or omit a function when the paper does not need it.
|
|
49
|
+
|
|
50
|
+
### 1. Anchor
|
|
51
|
+
|
|
52
|
+
State the central advance in one bounded judgement and identify the specific
|
|
53
|
+
Results claims that must be understood together. One indispensable anchor
|
|
54
|
+
number is acceptable; replaying all effect sizes, intervals, tests, or panels is
|
|
55
|
+
not.
|
|
56
|
+
|
|
57
|
+
### 2. Position
|
|
58
|
+
|
|
59
|
+
Place the finding on the scholarly map. Specify whether the work:
|
|
60
|
+
|
|
61
|
+
- supports or independently confirms earlier evidence
|
|
62
|
+
- extends an earlier result to a new mechanism, population, scale, or regime
|
|
63
|
+
- qualifies the conditions under which an earlier claim holds
|
|
64
|
+
- conflicts with prior work and requires reconciliation
|
|
65
|
+
- connects findings that were previously treated separately
|
|
66
|
+
|
|
67
|
+
Do not use citation clusters as decoration. Every literature comparison should
|
|
68
|
+
state the relationship that matters for the current claim.
|
|
69
|
+
|
|
70
|
+
### 3. Interpret and contribute
|
|
71
|
+
|
|
72
|
+
Explain what the integrated findings make newly supportable. Separate three
|
|
73
|
+
levels:
|
|
74
|
+
|
|
75
|
+
1. **Established contribution** — directly supported by the paper's design and
|
|
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|
+
evidence.
|
|
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|
+
2. **Supported interpretation** — a mechanism or explanation favoured by the
|
|
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|
+
evidence but not uniquely proven.
|
|
79
|
+
3. **Open implication** — a plausible broader consequence that requires a new
|
|
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|
+
test.
|
|
81
|
+
|
|
82
|
+
Name credible rival explanations before presenting a non-unique mechanism as
|
|
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|
+
the preferred interpretation. Make novelty explicit when it is defensible, but
|
|
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|
+
do not substitute “first”, “novel”, or “unprecedented” for the actual
|
|
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|
+
conceptual or practical advance.
|
|
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|
+
|
|
87
|
+
### 4. Bound and extend
|
|
88
|
+
|
|
89
|
+
State where the inference may fail, what that limitation changes, what remains
|
|
90
|
+
valid, and which next experiment or analysis would reduce the uncertainty.
|
|
91
|
+
Keep speculation and future work proportional to the demonstrated contribution.
|
|
92
|
+
|
|
93
|
+
A useful overall move order is:
|
|
94
|
+
|
|
95
|
+
`central finding anchor -> cross-Results synthesis -> position in prior work -> interpretation and contribution -> boundary -> next discriminating question`
|
|
96
|
+
|
|
97
|
+
## Separate interpretation from Results replay
|
|
98
|
+
|
|
99
|
+
Results and Discussion may refer to the same finding, but the sentence must do
|
|
100
|
+
a different job:
|
|
101
|
+
|
|
102
|
+
- **Results:** `A exceeded B under condition C; this establishes X within C.`
|
|
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|
+
- **Discussion:** `Taken together with Y, X favours interpretation Z and
|
|
104
|
+
qualifies the prevailing account of Q.`
|
|
105
|
+
|
|
106
|
+
Delete a Discussion sentence when it only repeats a comparison, number, test,
|
|
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|
+
or local inference already used to establish the result. Retain recap only when
|
|
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|
+
the reader needs it to understand the synthesis that follows.
|
|
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|
+
|
|
110
|
+
## Calibrate modality to evidence strength
|
|
111
|
+
|
|
112
|
+
Choose the strongest wording the evidence justifies, not the strongest wording
|
|
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|
+
that sounds persuasive.
|
|
114
|
+
|
|
115
|
+
| Evidence status | Typical language | Gate |
|
|
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|
+
|---|---|---|
|
|
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|
+
| Directly established within the tested design | `shows`, `establishes`, `demonstrates` | The design directly tests the proposition and important alternatives do not support a weaker reading. |
|
|
118
|
+
| Supported but not uniquely established | `supports`, `indicates`, `suggests`, `is consistent with`, `is likely to reflect` | At least one credible alternative remains or the mechanism is inferred indirectly. |
|
|
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|
+
| Plausible interpretation or extrapolation | `may`, `might`, `could`, `appears to`, `raises the possibility` | The statement goes beyond the direct test and is clearly marked as provisional. |
|
|
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|
+
| Near-necessity or exclusion | `must`, `cannot` | Use only when logic, design, or physical constraints genuinely exclude reasonable alternatives; rarity is expected. |
|
|
121
|
+
|
|
122
|
+
### Modal safeguards
|
|
123
|
+
|
|
124
|
+
- `may not` means that something is possibly not true; `cannot` expresses
|
|
125
|
+
impossibility or inability and is much stronger.
|
|
126
|
+
- `must not` normally expresses prohibition, not absence of necessity. Use
|
|
127
|
+
`need not`, `does not need to`, or `is not required to` for the latter.
|
|
128
|
+
- Do not teach spaced `can not` as a routine hedge. Write `may not` when the
|
|
129
|
+
intended meaning is possibility of non-occurrence.
|
|
130
|
+
- Distinguish a community recommendation (`future studies should test X`) from
|
|
131
|
+
an author commitment (`we will test X`). Do not promise work unless the
|
|
132
|
+
authors have actually committed to it.
|
|
133
|
+
- Avoid hedge stacking such as `may perhaps suggest that`. Usually one modal or
|
|
134
|
+
calibrated reporting verb is enough. Multiple qualifiers are justified only
|
|
135
|
+
when they express genuinely different uncertainties.
|
|
136
|
+
- Do not attach a hedge mechanically to every interpretive sentence. Excessive
|
|
137
|
+
hedging obscures the claim just as overstatement distorts it.
|
|
138
|
+
|
|
139
|
+
Before using `must`, `cannot`, `demonstrates`, or a causal verb, state the
|
|
140
|
+
specific design feature that licenses that strength. If no such feature can be
|
|
141
|
+
named, step down one level.
|
|
142
|
+
|
|
143
|
+
## Write limitations as claim boundaries
|
|
144
|
+
|
|
145
|
+
Avoid generic limitation inventories. Use this sequence:
|
|
146
|
+
|
|
147
|
+
`claim affected -> untested or constrained condition -> consequence for interpretation -> what remains supported -> resolving test or data`
|
|
148
|
+
|
|
149
|
+
For example, a single-site sample is not merely “a limitation”; it limits the
|
|
150
|
+
population or setting to which the claim can be generalized. Say whether it
|
|
151
|
+
threatens the central inference, only its transportability, or neither.
|
|
152
|
+
|
|
153
|
+
Do not use a positive result to cosmetically cancel a serious limitation.
|
|
154
|
+
Conversely, do not describe a boundary as fatal when it leaves the central
|
|
155
|
+
within-design conclusion intact.
|
|
156
|
+
|
|
157
|
+
## Make future work resolve an uncertainty
|
|
158
|
+
|
|
159
|
+
Future work should follow from an unresolved inference, boundary, or capability
|
|
160
|
+
revealed by the paper. For every proposal, specify:
|
|
161
|
+
|
|
162
|
+
- the open question
|
|
163
|
+
- why the current evidence cannot answer it
|
|
164
|
+
- the discriminating experiment, dataset, comparison, or analysis
|
|
165
|
+
- how the outcome would change the interpretation or application
|
|
166
|
+
|
|
167
|
+
Prefer one or two consequential next tests over a shopping list. Avoid generic
|
|
168
|
+
calls for larger samples, more datasets, or broader applications unless their
|
|
169
|
+
scientific purpose is stated.
|
|
170
|
+
|
|
171
|
+
## Run the sentence-function audit
|
|
172
|
+
|
|
173
|
+
Label each Discussion sentence with one primary function:
|
|
174
|
+
|
|
175
|
+
`anchor | synthesize | position | interpret | contribute | qualify | bound | extend`
|
|
176
|
+
|
|
177
|
+
Then apply these checks:
|
|
178
|
+
|
|
179
|
+
1. **Reverse-funnel direction:** does the section move from the paper's specific
|
|
180
|
+
findings toward broader meaning without outrunning the evidence?
|
|
181
|
+
2. **Function coverage:** are the necessary anchor, positioning,
|
|
182
|
+
interpretation/contribution, and boundary functions present?
|
|
183
|
+
3. **No Results replay:** does every repeated finding enable a new synthesis?
|
|
184
|
+
4. **Literature relationship:** does each citation-bearing comparison say how
|
|
185
|
+
the current result relates to prior work?
|
|
186
|
+
5. **Modality fit:** could every strong verb or modal survive an evidence audit?
|
|
187
|
+
6. **Boundary consequence:** does each limitation identify which claim or scope
|
|
188
|
+
it changes?
|
|
189
|
+
7. **Future-work necessity:** does each proposed next step resolve a named
|
|
190
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uncertainty rather than advertise the topic?
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# Citation, ethics, and AI boundaries
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## Intellectual debt
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- where the reader can locate the source
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## Cite the source you actually read and verified
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- Cite paper `A` for `A`'s own data, methods, claims, or conclusions.
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- Cite paper `B` for `B`'s interpretation, comparison, critique, or commentary on `A`.
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- Avoid leaning on secondary sources when the source article can be cited directly.
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## What needs citation
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- someone else's ideas
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- data
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- methods
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- wording
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- structure
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- images
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- distinctive interpretation
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Do not assume internet material is public domain just because it is online.
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## Proofreading checks
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Always verify:
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- grammatical errors
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- typographical errors
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- figure numbering
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- missing citations
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- whether the paper is a pleasure or an ordeal to read
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## AI risk and disclosure boundary
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Nature Portfolio applies a risk-based framework. Keep human accountability and
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verification explicit at every level.
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`Green — assistive`: generally acceptable with author verification
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- improve grammar, clarity, concision, or tone
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- generate outline options or paragraph structures
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- produce alternative titles or abstract phrasings
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- summarize literature for categorization, not as a substitute for reading
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- translate with terminology and hedging checks
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`Amber — evaluative or interpretive`: allowed only with strong human control,
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verification and transparent disclosure
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- explain methods or results for wording support
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- help with code or statistics explanations only if outputs are reproduced and validated
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`Red — AI replacing scholarly judgement or lacking transparency`: not permitted
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- ask AI to draft the paper's core argument from scratch
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- insert AI-generated references, data, or claims without checking them
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- upload unpublished manuscripts, sensitive data, or peer-review material to public models
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- use AI to fabricate, manipulate, or conceal substantive image creation
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## Nature Portfolio submission gate
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- AI systems and LLMs do not satisfy authorship criteria and must not appear in
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the author list.
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- Human authors remain accountable for originality, accuracy, integrity,
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interpretation and every submitted conclusion.
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Methods section exists, in a suitable alternative section.
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- Disclose evaluative or interpretive AI use clearly enough that an editor can
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understand what the system contributed and how humans verified it.
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- Do not upload an unpublished manuscript, peer-review report, sensitive data
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or confidential editorial material to an unsecured or public AI system.
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- Do not present AI-generated hypotheses, analyses, conclusions, references,
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data or photorealistic images as accountable human work.
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The main danger is not that AI cannot write. The main danger is that it can write incorrectly with great confidence.
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Current policy source, verified 2026-08-08:
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<https://www.nature.com/nature-portfolio/editorial-policies/ai>.
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# Main-Text Discipline for Scientific Papers
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Use this shared contract when drafting, restructuring, compressing, or revising
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the main text of a scientific manuscript, especially Results. It operationalizes
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an author-supplied writing discipline; it is not a journal policy. Current
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journal instructions and field-specific reporting standards override it when
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they require information in the main text.
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## Contents
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- [1. Separate evidence completeness from main-text completeness](#1-separate-evidence-completeness-from-main-text-completeness)
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- [2. Classify every result before placement](#2-classify-every-result-before-placement)
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- [3. Build the shortest sufficient evidence chain](#3-build-the-shortest-sufficient-evidence-chain)
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- [4. Prevent revision accretion](#4-prevent-revision-accretion)
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- [5. Separate main text, captions, and SI](#5-separate-main-text-captions-and-si)
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- [6. Apply statistical reporting discipline](#6-apply-statistical-reporting-discipline)
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- [7. Run the paragraph necessity test](#7-run-the-paragraph-necessity-test)
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- [8. Stop explanatory recursion](#8-stop-explanatory-recursion)
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- [9. Audit claim repetition](#9-audit-claim-repetition)
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- [10. Return an auditable compression record](#10-return-an-auditable-compression-record)
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- [Non-negotiable exceptions](#non-negotiable-exceptions)
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## 1. Separate evidence completeness from main-text completeness
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Preserve the complete evidential record across the manuscript, figures, tables,
|
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Methods, source data, and Supplementary Information (SI). Do not force that full
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record into the main text. Reserve main-text space for evidence that establishes,
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advances, or materially bounds the central claim.
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Do not use compression to hide inconvenient evidence. If an observation changes
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the direction, magnitude, scope, or credibility of the central conclusion, keep
|
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it visible in the main text even if it is nominally a robustness or subgroup
|
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analysis.
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+
|
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## 2. Classify every result before placement
|
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|
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Build a result-allocation table before drafting or restructuring Results:
|
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|
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| Class | Decision test | Default destination |
|
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|---|---|---|
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| `core_discovery` | Does it advance the paper's central conclusion? | Main text, with adequate evidence |
|
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| `necessary_support` | Must the reader see it to accept the core discovery? | Main text briefly |
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| `qualification` | Does it materially bound or alter the central interpretation? | Main text if yes; otherwise SI |
|
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| `robustness` | Does it show the result survives an alternative specification, estimator, seed, threshold, or inference procedure without changing the conclusion? | SI, with a concise pointer when useful |
|
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| `heterogeneity` | Is variation across groups, settings, tasks, or models itself part of the central claim? | Main text if central; otherwise SI |
|
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| `provenance_detail` | Does it document traceability, preprocessing, implementation, or audit detail without advancing the conclusion? | Methods, Source Data, repository, or SI |
|
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+
| `alternative_inference` | Does it test the same claim using a secondary inferential route? | SI unless it changes acceptance of the claim |
|
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| `edge_case` | Does it define a failure boundary that changes how the claim must be read? | Main text if interpretation changes; otherwise SI |
|
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+
|
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Classify by function in this paper, not by analysis name. An ablation can be a
|
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core discovery in a mechanism paper; heterogeneity can be the headline result;
|
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a confidence interval can be the primary inferential evidence.
|
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+
|
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## 3. Build the shortest sufficient evidence chain
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|
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After classification, write the minimum ordered chain that lets the reader:
|
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|
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1. understand the central observation
|
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2. see the decisive comparison or mechanism evidence
|
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3. judge the primary uncertainty or inference
|
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4. understand any boundary that changes the conclusion
|
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Do not reproduce the chronological record of analyses. Route supporting checks
|
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to SI with stable pointers. Draft the final Results narrative only after the
|
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analysis and result-allocation table are stable.
|
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|
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## 4. Prevent revision accretion
|
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+
|
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Every requested addition triggers a deletion check across the whole affected
|
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paragraph:
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1. State what new function the proposed sentence serves.
|
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2. Find existing sentences that already serve that function.
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3. Prefer replacement, combination, or compression before appending.
|
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4. Re-read the paragraph after the edit and delete any sentence made redundant.
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5. Re-run the paragraph necessity test and claim-repetition audit below.
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For reviewer-driven edits, ask:
|
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> Does this sentence tell the reader what was discovered, or does it mainly tell
|
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> a reviewer why an objection does not overturn the result?
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+
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Keep the first in the main text when necessary. Route the second to SI or the
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response letter unless the objection is essential to the central inference.
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Answer every reviewer fully in the response letter even when the manuscript
|
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change is deliberately short.
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## 5. Separate main text, captions, and SI
|
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|
+
|
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+
- **Main text:** what was found, the decisive support, and what it means for the
|
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central claim.
|
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|
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- **Figure or table caption:** what is shown and how to read it, including
|
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definitions needed to interpret the display.
|
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- **SI:** why the conclusion survives deeper scrutiny, including secondary
|
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|
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analyses, robustness, implementation detail, extended diagnostics, and
|
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|
+
non-central edge cases.
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
Do not repeat a full set of effect sizes, confidence intervals, and P values in
|
|
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|
+
both the main text and caption. Choose one authoritative location for the full
|
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numeric report and use the other location for the minimum narrative or reading
|
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cue. Preserve journal-mandated caption content.
|
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|
|
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|
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## 6. Apply statistical reporting discipline
|
|
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|
+
|
|
105
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Compute and retain every analysis required by the design, protocol, reporting
|
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standard, and integrity audit. In the main text, normally report:
|
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+
|
|
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|
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- the descriptive quantity needed to understand the effect
|
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- the primary inferential statistic or interval needed to support the claim
|
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+
|
|
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|
+
Route secondary intervals, alternative estimators or inference procedures,
|
|
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|
+
multiplicity checks, sensitivity analyses, and model-level heterogeneity to SI
|
|
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|
+
unless they change the conclusion or are required in the main text. Never select
|
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only the most favorable statistic. Record the complete analysis family and the
|
|
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|
+
reason for each reporting location.
|
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|
|
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|
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## 7. Run the paragraph necessity test
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|
+
|
|
119
|
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For every Results paragraph, ask:
|
|
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|
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|
|
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> If this paragraph were removed, would the reader still understand and have
|
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> adequate evidence for the paper's central claim?
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
- **No:** keep it.
|
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|
+
- **Yes, but a reviewer might ask for it:** route it to SI or the response letter.
|
|
126
|
+
- **Yes, and the point appears elsewhere:** delete it.
|
|
127
|
+
|
|
128
|
+
When only one sentence is necessary, keep that sentence and relocate the rest.
|
|
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|
+
Do not preserve an unnecessary paragraph merely because one clause matters.
|
|
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|
+
|
|
131
|
+
## 8. Stop explanatory recursion
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|
+
|
|
133
|
+
Do not explain an explanation in the main text. If a statistical or graphical
|
|
134
|
+
detail needs several sentences to reconcile it with the main result, state the
|
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|
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result and any conclusion-changing boundary simply, then move the extended
|
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|
+
reconciliation to SI. Keep the longer explanation in the main text only when the
|
|
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|
+
reconciliation itself is part of the discovery.
|
|
138
|
+
|
|
139
|
+
## 9. Audit claim repetition
|
|
140
|
+
|
|
141
|
+
A major claim may be introduced, demonstrated, and synthesized, but each
|
|
142
|
+
appearance must perform a different function. Build a claim-location map across
|
|
143
|
+
the heading, transition, figure/table caption, Results paragraph, Discussion,
|
|
144
|
+
and closing sentence. For each occurrence, mark `introduce`, `demonstrate`,
|
|
145
|
+
`interpret`, `synthesize`, `shorten`, or `delete`.
|
|
146
|
+
|
|
147
|
+
Delete or compress restatements that add no new evidence, boundary, or
|
|
148
|
+
interpretation. Do not force the same full claim into every rhetorical slot.
|
|
149
|
+
|
|
150
|
+
## 10. Return an auditable compression record
|
|
151
|
+
|
|
152
|
+
For a Results or full-manuscript restructuring task, return or maintain:
|
|
153
|
+
|
|
154
|
+
1. **Result-allocation table:** result, class, effect on central interpretation,
|
|
155
|
+
destination, and SI/caption pointer.
|
|
156
|
+
2. **Shortest evidence chain:** ordered main-text claims and their decisive
|
|
157
|
+
evidence.
|
|
158
|
+
3. **Deletion log:** appended, replaced, compressed, relocated, or deleted text,
|
|
159
|
+
with a short reason.
|
|
160
|
+
4. **Statistics-location record:** primary main-text report and secondary SI
|
|
161
|
+
analyses.
|
|
162
|
+
5. **Claim-repetition map:** retained rhetorical function at each location.
|
|
163
|
+
6. **Word-count delta:** before and after for every revised Results subsection.
|
|
164
|
+
|
|
165
|
+
The prose remains the deliverable. Keep the audit compact unless the user asks
|
|
166
|
+
for the full table.
|
|
167
|
+
|
|
168
|
+
## Non-negotiable exceptions
|
|
169
|
+
|
|
170
|
+
- Do not move information required for reproducibility, research integrity,
|
|
171
|
+
participant safety, ethics, or a mandatory reporting checklist merely to save
|
|
172
|
+
words.
|
|
173
|
+
- Do not bury contradictory or conclusion-changing evidence in SI.
|
|
174
|
+
- Do not strip a qualification that prevents a misleading causal, clinical,
|
|
175
|
+
societal, or generalization claim.
|
|
176
|
+
- Do not remove statistics required by the target journal, study design, or
|
|
177
|
+
field standard.
|
|
178
|
+
- When the user or editor explicitly requires a point in the main text, comply
|
|
179
|
+
but still replace or compress neighboring redundancy before appending.
|