protobufjs 8.6.2 → 8.6.3

package/src/writer.js

@@ -1,495 +1,495 @@
-"use strict";
-module.exports = Writer;
-
-var util      = require("./util/minimal");
-
-var BufferWriter; // cyclic
-
-var LongBits  = util.LongBits,
-    base64    = util.base64,
-    utf8      = util.utf8;
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new writer operation instance.
- * @classdesc Scheduled writer operation.
- * @constructor
- * @param {function(*, Uint8Array, number)} fn Function to call
- * @param {number} len Value byte length
- * @param {*} val Value to write
- * @ignore
- */
-function Op(fn, len, val) {
-
-    /**
-     * Function to call.
-     * @type {function(Uint8Array, number, *)}
-     */
-    this.fn = fn;
-
-    /**
-     * Value byte length.
-     * @type {number}
-     */
-    this.len = len;
-
-    /**
-     * Next operation.
-     * @type {Writer.Op|undefined}
-     */
-    this.next = undefined;
-
-    /**
-     * Value to write.
-     * @type {*}
-     */
-    this.val = val; // type varies
-}
-
-/* istanbul ignore next */
-function noop() {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty-function
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new writer state instance.
- * @classdesc Copied writer state.
- * @memberof Writer
- * @constructor
- * @param {Writer} writer Writer to copy state from
- * @ignore
- */
-function State(writer) {
-
-    /**
-     * Current head.
-     * @type {Writer.Op}
-     */
-    this.head = writer.head;
-
-    /**
-     * Current tail.
-     * @type {Writer.Op}
-     */
-    this.tail = writer.tail;
-
-    /**
-     * Current buffer length.
-     * @type {number}
-     */
-    this.len = writer.len;
-
-    /**
-     * Next state.
-     * @type {State|null}
-     */
-    this.next = writer.states;
-}
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new writer instance.
- * @classdesc Wire format writer using `Uint8Array` if available, otherwise `Array`.
- * @constructor
- */
-function Writer() {
-
-    /**
-     * Current length.
-     * @type {number}
-     */
-    this.len = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Operations head.
-     * @type {Object}
-     */
-    this.head = new Op(noop, 0, 0);
-
-    /**
-     * Operations tail
-     * @type {Object}
-     */
-    this.tail = this.head;
-
-    /**
-     * Linked forked states.
-     * @type {Object|null}
-     */
-    this.states = null;
-
-    // When a value is written, the writer calculates its byte length and puts it into a linked
-    // list of operations to perform when finish() is called. This both allows us to allocate
-    // buffers of the exact required size and reduces the amount of work we have to do compared
-    // to first calculating over objects and then encoding over objects. In our case, the encoding
-    // part is just a linked list walk calling operations with already prepared values.
-}
-
-var create = function create() {
-    return util.Buffer
-        ? function create_buffer_setup() {
-            return (Writer.create = function create_buffer() {
-                return new BufferWriter();
-            })();
-        }
-        /* istanbul ignore next */
-        : function create_array() {
-            return new Writer();
-        };
-};
-
-/**
- * Creates a new writer.
- * @function
- * @returns {BufferWriter|Writer} A {@link BufferWriter} when Buffers are supported, otherwise a {@link Writer}
- */
-Writer.create = create();
-
-/**
- * Allocates a buffer of the specified size.
- * @param {number} size Buffer size
- * @returns {Uint8Array} Buffer
- */
-Writer.alloc = function alloc(size) {
-    return new util.Array(size);
-};
-
-// Use Uint8Array buffer pool in the browser, just like node does with buffers
-/* istanbul ignore else */
-if (util.Array !== Array)
-    Writer.alloc = util.pool(Writer.alloc, util.Array.prototype.subarray);
-
-/**
- * Pushes a new operation to the queue.
- * @param {function(Uint8Array, number, *)} fn Function to call
- * @param {number} len Value byte length
- * @param {number} val Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- * @private
- */
-Writer.prototype._push = function push(fn, len, val) {
-    this.tail = this.tail.next = new Op(fn, len, val);
-    this.len += len;
-    return this;
-};
-
-function writeByte(val, buf, pos) {
-    buf[pos] = val & 255;
-}
-
-function writeStringAscii(val, buf, pos) {
-    for (var i = 0; i < val.length;)
-        buf[pos++] = val.charCodeAt(i++);
-}
-
-function writeVarint32(val, buf, pos) {
-    while (val > 127) {
-        buf[pos++] = val & 127 | 128;
-        val >>>= 7;
-    }
-    buf[pos] = val;
-}
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new varint writer operation instance.
- * @classdesc Scheduled varint writer operation.
- * @extends Op
- * @constructor
- * @param {number} len Value byte length
- * @param {number} val Value to write
- * @ignore
- */
-function VarintOp(len, val) {
-    this.len = len;
-    this.next = undefined;
-    this.val = val;
-}
-
-VarintOp.prototype = Object.create(Op.prototype);
-VarintOp.prototype.fn = writeVarint32;
-
-/**
- * Writes an unsigned 32 bit value as a varint.
- * @param {number} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.uint32 = function write_uint32(value) {
-    // here, the call to this.push has been inlined and a varint specific Op subclass is used.
-    // uint32 is by far the most frequently used operation and benefits significantly from this.
-    this.len += (this.tail = this.tail.next = new VarintOp(
-        (value = value >>> 0)
-                < 128       ? 1
-        : value < 16384     ? 2
-        : value < 2097152   ? 3
-        : value < 268435456 ? 4
-        :                     5,
-    value)).len;
-    return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Writes a signed 32 bit value as a varint.
- * @function
- * @param {number} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.int32 = function write_int32(value) {
-    return (value |= 0) < 0
-        ? this._push(writeVarint64, 10, LongBits.fromNumber(value)) // 10 bytes per spec
-        : this.uint32(value);
-};
-
-/**
- * Writes a 32 bit value as a varint, zig-zag encoded.
- * @param {number} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.sint32 = function write_sint32(value) {
-    return this.uint32((value << 1 ^ value >> 31) >>> 0);
-};
-
-function writeVarint64(val, buf, pos) {
-    var lo = val.lo,
-        hi = val.hi;
-    while (hi) {
-        buf[pos++] = lo & 127 | 128;
-        lo = (lo >>> 7 | hi << 25) >>> 0;
-        hi >>>= 7;
-    }
-    while (lo > 127) {
-        buf[pos++] = lo & 127 | 128;
-        lo = lo >>> 7;
-    }
-    buf[pos++] = lo;
-}
-
-/**
- * Writes an unsigned 64 bit value as a varint.
- * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
- */
-Writer.prototype.uint64 = function write_uint64(value) {
-    var bits = LongBits.from(value);
-    return this._push(writeVarint64, bits.length(), bits);
-};
-
-/**
- * Writes a signed 64 bit value as a varint.
- * @function
- * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
- */
-Writer.prototype.int64 = Writer.prototype.uint64;
-
-/**
- * Writes a signed 64 bit value as a varint, zig-zag encoded.
- * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
- */
-Writer.prototype.sint64 = function write_sint64(value) {
-    var bits = LongBits.from(value).zzEncode();
-    return this._push(writeVarint64, bits.length(), bits);
-};
-
-/**
- * Writes a boolish value as a varint.
- * @param {boolean} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.bool = function write_bool(value) {
-    return this._push(writeByte, 1, value ? 1 : 0);
-};
-
-function writeFixed32(val, buf, pos) {
-    buf[pos    ] =  val         & 255;
-    buf[pos + 1] =  val >>> 8   & 255;
-    buf[pos + 2] =  val >>> 16  & 255;
-    buf[pos + 3] =  val >>> 24;
-}
-
-/**
- * Writes an unsigned 32 bit value as fixed 32 bits.
- * @param {number} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.fixed32 = function write_fixed32(value) {
-    return this._push(writeFixed32, 4, value >>> 0);
-};
-
-/**
- * Writes a signed 32 bit value as fixed 32 bits.
- * @function
- * @param {number} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.sfixed32 = Writer.prototype.fixed32;
-
-/**
- * Writes an unsigned 64 bit value as fixed 64 bits.
- * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
- */
-Writer.prototype.fixed64 = function write_fixed64(value) {
-    var bits = LongBits.from(value);
-    return this._push(writeFixed32, 4, bits.lo)._push(writeFixed32, 4, bits.hi);
-};
-
-/**
- * Writes a signed 64 bit value as fixed 64 bits.
- * @function
- * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
- */
-Writer.prototype.sfixed64 = Writer.prototype.fixed64;
-
-/**
- * Writes a float (32 bit).
- * @function
- * @param {number} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.float = function write_float(value) {
-    return this._push(util.float.writeFloatLE, 4, value);
-};
-
-/**
- * Writes a double (64 bit float).
- * @function
- * @param {number} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.double = function write_double(value) {
-    return this._push(util.float.writeDoubleLE, 8, value);
-};
-
-var writeBytes = util.Array.prototype.set
-    ? function writeBytes_set(val, buf, pos) {
-        buf.set(val, pos); // also works for plain array values
-    }
-    /* istanbul ignore next */
-    : function writeBytes_for(val, buf, pos) {
-        for (var i = 0; i < val.length; ++i)
-            buf[pos + i] = val[i];
-    };
-
-/**
- * Writes a sequence of bytes.
- * @param {Uint8Array|string} value Buffer or base64 encoded string to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.bytes = function write_bytes(value) {
-    var len = value.length >>> 0;
-    if (!len)
-        return this._push(writeByte, 1, 0);
-    if (util.isString(value)) {
-        var buf = Writer.alloc(len = base64.length(value));
-        base64.decode(value, buf, 0);
-        value = buf;
-    }
-    return this.uint32(len)._push(writeBytes, len, value);
-};
-
-/**
- * Writes raw bytes without a tag or length prefix.
- * @param {Uint8Array} value Raw bytes
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.raw = function write_raw(value) {
-    var len = value.length >>> 0;
-    return len ? this._push(writeBytes, len, value) : this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Writes a string.
- * @param {string} value Value to write
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.string = function write_string(value) {
-    var len = utf8.length(value);
-    return len
-        ? this.uint32(len)._push(len === value.length ? writeStringAscii : utf8.write, len, value)
-        : this._push(writeByte, 1, 0);
-};
-
-/**
- * Forks this writer's state by pushing it to a stack.
- * Calling {@link Writer#reset|reset} or {@link Writer#ldelim|ldelim} resets the writer to the previous state.
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.fork = function fork() {
-    this.states = new State(this);
-    this.head = this.tail = new Op(noop, 0, 0);
-    this.len = 0;
-    return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Resets this instance to the last state.
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.reset = function reset() {
-    if (this.states) {
-        this.head   = this.states.head;
-        this.tail   = this.states.tail;
-        this.len    = this.states.len;
-        this.states = this.states.next;
-    } else {
-        this.head = this.tail = new Op(noop, 0, 0);
-        this.len  = 0;
-    }
-    return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Resets to the last state and appends the fork state's current write length as a varint followed by its operations.
- * @returns {Writer} `this`
- */
-Writer.prototype.ldelim = function ldelim() {
-    var head = this.head,
-        tail = this.tail,
-        len  = this.len;
-    this.reset().uint32(len);
-    if (len) {
-        this.tail.next = head.next; // skip noop
-        this.tail = tail;
-        this.len += len;
-    }
-    return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Finishes the write operation.
- * @returns {Uint8Array} Finished buffer
- */
-Writer.prototype.finish = function finish() {
-    return this.finishInto(this.constructor.alloc(this.len), 0);
-};
-
-/**
- * Finishes the write operation, writing into the provided buffer.
- * The caller must ensure that `buf` has enough space starting at `offset`
- * to hold {@link Writer#len} bytes.
- * @param {T} buf Target buffer
- * @param {number} [offset=0] Offset to start writing at
- * @returns {T} The provided buffer
- * @template T extends Uint8Array
- */
-Writer.prototype.finishInto = function finishInto(buf, offset) {
-    if (offset === undefined)
-        offset = 0;
-    var head = this.head.next,
-        pos  = offset;
-    while (head) {
-        head.fn(head.val, buf, pos);
-        pos += head.len;
-        head = head.next;
-    }
-    return buf;
-};
-
-Writer._configure = function(BufferWriter_) {
-    BufferWriter = BufferWriter_;
-    Writer.create = create();
-    BufferWriter._configure();
-};
+"use strict";
+module.exports = Writer;
+
+var util      = require("./util/minimal");
+
+var BufferWriter; // cyclic
+
+var LongBits  = util.LongBits,
+    base64    = util.base64,
+    utf8      = util.utf8;
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new writer operation instance.
+ * @classdesc Scheduled writer operation.
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {function(*, Uint8Array, number)} fn Function to call
+ * @param {number} len Value byte length
+ * @param {*} val Value to write
+ * @ignore
+ */
+function Op(fn, len, val) {
+
+    /**
+     * Function to call.
+     * @type {function(Uint8Array, number, *)}
+     */
+    this.fn = fn;
+
+    /**
+     * Value byte length.
+     * @type {number}
+     */
+    this.len = len;
+
+    /**
+     * Next operation.
+     * @type {Writer.Op|undefined}
+     */
+    this.next = undefined;
+
+    /**
+     * Value to write.
+     * @type {*}
+     */
+    this.val = val; // type varies
+}
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+function noop() {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty-function
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new writer state instance.
+ * @classdesc Copied writer state.
+ * @memberof Writer
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {Writer} writer Writer to copy state from
+ * @ignore
+ */
+function State(writer) {
+
+    /**
+     * Current head.
+     * @type {Writer.Op}
+     */
+    this.head = writer.head;
+
+    /**
+     * Current tail.
+     * @type {Writer.Op}
+     */
+    this.tail = writer.tail;
+
+    /**
+     * Current buffer length.
+     * @type {number}
+     */
+    this.len = writer.len;
+
+    /**
+     * Next state.
+     * @type {State|null}
+     */
+    this.next = writer.states;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new writer instance.
+ * @classdesc Wire format writer using `Uint8Array` if available, otherwise `Array`.
+ * @constructor
+ */
+function Writer() {
+
+    /**
+     * Current length.
+     * @type {number}
+     */
+    this.len = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Operations head.
+     * @type {Object}
+     */
+    this.head = new Op(noop, 0, 0);
+
+    /**
+     * Operations tail
+     * @type {Object}
+     */
+    this.tail = this.head;
+
+    /**
+     * Linked forked states.
+     * @type {Object|null}
+     */
+    this.states = null;
+
+    // When a value is written, the writer calculates its byte length and puts it into a linked
+    // list of operations to perform when finish() is called. This both allows us to allocate
+    // buffers of the exact required size and reduces the amount of work we have to do compared
+    // to first calculating over objects and then encoding over objects. In our case, the encoding
+    // part is just a linked list walk calling operations with already prepared values.
+}
+
+var create = function create() {
+    return util.Buffer
+        ? function create_buffer_setup() {
+            return (Writer.create = function create_buffer() {
+                return new BufferWriter();
+            })();
+        }
+        /* istanbul ignore next */
+        : function create_array() {
+            return new Writer();
+        };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new writer.
+ * @function
+ * @returns {BufferWriter|Writer} A {@link BufferWriter} when Buffers are supported, otherwise a {@link Writer}
+ */
+Writer.create = create();
+
+/**
+ * Allocates a buffer of the specified size.
+ * @param {number} size Buffer size
+ * @returns {Uint8Array} Buffer
+ */
+Writer.alloc = function alloc(size) {
+    return new util.Array(size);
+};
+
+// Use Uint8Array buffer pool in the browser, just like node does with buffers
+/* istanbul ignore else */
+if (util.Array !== Array)
+    Writer.alloc = util.pool(Writer.alloc, util.Array.prototype.subarray);
+
+/**
+ * Pushes a new operation to the queue.
+ * @param {function(Uint8Array, number, *)} fn Function to call
+ * @param {number} len Value byte length
+ * @param {number} val Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ * @private
+ */
+Writer.prototype._push = function push(fn, len, val) {
+    this.tail = this.tail.next = new Op(fn, len, val);
+    this.len += len;
+    return this;
+};
+
+function writeByte(val, buf, pos) {
+    buf[pos] = val & 255;
+}
+
+function writeStringAscii(val, buf, pos) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < val.length;)
+        buf[pos++] = val.charCodeAt(i++);
+}
+
+function writeVarint32(val, buf, pos) {
+    while (val > 127) {
+        buf[pos++] = val & 127 | 128;
+        val >>>= 7;
+    }
+    buf[pos] = val;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new varint writer operation instance.
+ * @classdesc Scheduled varint writer operation.
+ * @extends Op
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {number} len Value byte length
+ * @param {number} val Value to write
+ * @ignore
+ */
+function VarintOp(len, val) {
+    this.len = len;
+    this.next = undefined;
+    this.val = val;
+}
+
+VarintOp.prototype = Object.create(Op.prototype);
+VarintOp.prototype.fn = writeVarint32;
+
+/**
+ * Writes an unsigned 32 bit value as a varint.
+ * @param {number} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.uint32 = function write_uint32(value) {
+    // here, the call to this.push has been inlined and a varint specific Op subclass is used.
+    // uint32 is by far the most frequently used operation and benefits significantly from this.
+    this.len += (this.tail = this.tail.next = new VarintOp(
+        (value = value >>> 0)
+                < 128       ? 1
+        : value < 16384     ? 2
+        : value < 2097152   ? 3
+        : value < 268435456 ? 4
+        :                     5,
+    value)).len;
+    return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a signed 32 bit value as a varint.
+ * @function
+ * @param {number} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.int32 = function write_int32(value) {
+    return (value |= 0) < 0
+        ? this._push(writeVarint64, 10, LongBits.fromNumber(value)) // 10 bytes per spec
+        : this.uint32(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 32 bit value as a varint, zig-zag encoded.
+ * @param {number} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.sint32 = function write_sint32(value) {
+    return this.uint32((value << 1 ^ value >> 31) >>> 0);
+};
+
+function writeVarint64(val, buf, pos) {
+    var lo = val.lo,
+        hi = val.hi;
+    while (hi) {
+        buf[pos++] = lo & 127 | 128;
+        lo = (lo >>> 7 | hi << 25) >>> 0;
+        hi >>>= 7;
+    }
+    while (lo > 127) {
+        buf[pos++] = lo & 127 | 128;
+        lo = lo >>> 7;
+    }
+    buf[pos++] = lo;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes an unsigned 64 bit value as a varint.
+ * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
+ */
+Writer.prototype.uint64 = function write_uint64(value) {
+    var bits = LongBits.from(value);
+    return this._push(writeVarint64, bits.length(), bits);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a signed 64 bit value as a varint.
+ * @function
+ * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
+ */
+Writer.prototype.int64 = Writer.prototype.uint64;
+
+/**
+ * Writes a signed 64 bit value as a varint, zig-zag encoded.
+ * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
+ */
+Writer.prototype.sint64 = function write_sint64(value) {
+    var bits = LongBits.from(value).zzEncode();
+    return this._push(writeVarint64, bits.length(), bits);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a boolish value as a varint.
+ * @param {boolean} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.bool = function write_bool(value) {
+    return this._push(writeByte, 1, value ? 1 : 0);
+};
+
+function writeFixed32(val, buf, pos) {
+    buf[pos    ] =  val         & 255;
+    buf[pos + 1] =  val >>> 8   & 255;
+    buf[pos + 2] =  val >>> 16  & 255;
+    buf[pos + 3] =  val >>> 24;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes an unsigned 32 bit value as fixed 32 bits.
+ * @param {number} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.fixed32 = function write_fixed32(value) {
+    return this._push(writeFixed32, 4, value >>> 0);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a signed 32 bit value as fixed 32 bits.
+ * @function
+ * @param {number} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.sfixed32 = Writer.prototype.fixed32;
+
+/**
+ * Writes an unsigned 64 bit value as fixed 64 bits.
+ * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
+ */
+Writer.prototype.fixed64 = function write_fixed64(value) {
+    var bits = LongBits.from(value);
+    return this._push(writeFixed32, 4, bits.lo)._push(writeFixed32, 4, bits.hi);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a signed 64 bit value as fixed 64 bits.
+ * @function
+ * @param {Long|number|string} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `value` is a string and no long library is present.
+ */
+Writer.prototype.sfixed64 = Writer.prototype.fixed64;
+
+/**
+ * Writes a float (32 bit).
+ * @function
+ * @param {number} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.float = function write_float(value) {
+    return this._push(util.float.writeFloatLE, 4, value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a double (64 bit float).
+ * @function
+ * @param {number} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.double = function write_double(value) {
+    return this._push(util.float.writeDoubleLE, 8, value);
+};
+
+var writeBytes = util.Array.prototype.set
+    ? function writeBytes_set(val, buf, pos) {
+        buf.set(val, pos); // also works for plain array values
+    }
+    /* istanbul ignore next */
+    : function writeBytes_for(val, buf, pos) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < val.length; ++i)
+            buf[pos + i] = val[i];
+    };
+
+/**
+ * Writes a sequence of bytes.
+ * @param {Uint8Array|string} value Buffer or base64 encoded string to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.bytes = function write_bytes(value) {
+    var len = value.length >>> 0;
+    if (!len)
+        return this._push(writeByte, 1, 0);
+    if (util.isString(value)) {
+        var buf = Writer.alloc(len = base64.length(value));
+        base64.decode(value, buf, 0);
+        value = buf;
+    }
+    return this.uint32(len)._push(writeBytes, len, value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes raw bytes without a tag or length prefix.
+ * @param {Uint8Array} value Raw bytes
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.raw = function write_raw(value) {
+    var len = value.length >>> 0;
+    return len ? this._push(writeBytes, len, value) : this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a string.
+ * @param {string} value Value to write
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.string = function write_string(value) {
+    var len = utf8.length(value);
+    return len
+        ? this.uint32(len)._push(len === value.length ? writeStringAscii : utf8.write, len, value)
+        : this._push(writeByte, 1, 0);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Forks this writer's state by pushing it to a stack.
+ * Calling {@link Writer#reset|reset} or {@link Writer#ldelim|ldelim} resets the writer to the previous state.
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.fork = function fork() {
+    this.states = new State(this);
+    this.head = this.tail = new Op(noop, 0, 0);
+    this.len = 0;
+    return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resets this instance to the last state.
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.reset = function reset() {
+    if (this.states) {
+        this.head   = this.states.head;
+        this.tail   = this.states.tail;
+        this.len    = this.states.len;
+        this.states = this.states.next;
+    } else {
+        this.head = this.tail = new Op(noop, 0, 0);
+        this.len  = 0;
+    }
+    return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resets to the last state and appends the fork state's current write length as a varint followed by its operations.
+ * @returns {Writer} `this`
+ */
+Writer.prototype.ldelim = function ldelim() {
+    var head = this.head,
+        tail = this.tail,
+        len  = this.len;
+    this.reset().uint32(len);
+    if (len) {
+        this.tail.next = head.next; // skip noop
+        this.tail = tail;
+        this.len += len;
+    }
+    return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Finishes the write operation.
+ * @returns {Uint8Array} Finished buffer
+ */
+Writer.prototype.finish = function finish() {
+    return this.finishInto(this.constructor.alloc(this.len), 0);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Finishes the write operation, writing into the provided buffer.
+ * The caller must ensure that `buf` has enough space starting at `offset`
+ * to hold {@link Writer#len} bytes.
+ * @param {T} buf Target buffer
+ * @param {number} [offset=0] Offset to start writing at
+ * @returns {T} The provided buffer
+ * @template T extends Uint8Array
+ */
+Writer.prototype.finishInto = function finishInto(buf, offset) {
+    if (offset === undefined)
+        offset = 0;
+    var head = this.head.next,
+        pos  = offset;
+    while (head) {
+        head.fn(head.val, buf, pos);
+        pos += head.len;
+        head = head.next;
+    }
+    return buf;
+};
+
+Writer._configure = function(BufferWriter_) {
+    BufferWriter = BufferWriter_;
+    Writer.create = create();
+    BufferWriter._configure();
+};