postext 1.58.2 → 1.59.0

package/dist/exercises/text.js

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/**
+ * Runs of inline text for the exercise expansion (#1225): a block's plain
+ * text, its spans and its source map kept together, so a piece cut from a
+ * block (an option, the right side of a pair) or a word the engine adds (a
+ * label, a number) stays mapped to the source the Sandbox points at.
+ */
+import { sliceSpan } from '../parse/links.js';
+export const EMPTY_RUN = { text: '', spans: [], sourceMap: [] };
+export function runOf(block) {
+    return { text: block.text, spans: block.spans, sourceMap: block.sourceMap };
+}
+/** `[start, end)` of a run. */
+export function sliceRun(run, start, end = run.text.length) {
+    start = Math.max(0, Math.min(start, run.text.length));
+    end = Math.max(start, Math.min(end, run.text.length));
+    const spans = [];
+    let at = 0;
+    for (const s of run.spans) {
+        const a = at;
+        const b = at + s.text.length;
+        at = b;
+        if (b <= start || a >= end)
+            continue;
+        const from = Math.max(start, a) - a;
+        const to = Math.min(end, b) - a;
+        spans.push(from === 0 && to === s.text.length ? s : sliceSpan(s, from, to));
+    }
+    return { text: run.text.slice(start, end), spans, sourceMap: run.sourceMap.slice(start, end) };
+}
+/** The runs one after another. */
+export function joinRuns(...runs) {
+    const out = { text: '', spans: [], sourceMap: [] };
+    for (const r of runs) {
+        out.text += r.text;
+        out.spans.push(...r.spans);
+        out.sourceMap.push(...r.sourceMap);
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+/** Words the engine sets (a label, a number), mapped to `at`. */
+export function textRun(text, at, style = {}) {
+    if (text === '')
+        return EMPTY_RUN;
+    return { text, spans: [{ text, bold: false, italic: false, ...style }], sourceMap: new Array(text.length).fill(at) };
+}
+/** A run whose spans are all set bold (or `italic`). */
+export function styledRun(run, style) {
+    return { ...run, spans: run.spans.map((s) => ({ ...s, ...style })) };
+}
+/** The run with the white space at its ends taken off. */
+export function trimRun(run) {
+    let a = 0;
+    let b = run.text.length;
+    while (a < b && /\s/u.test(run.text[a]))
+        a++;
+    while (b > a && /\s/u.test(run.text[b - 1]))
+        b--;
+    return a === 0 && b === run.text.length ? run : sliceRun(run, a, b);
+}
+/** The run cut at every match of `sep` (a plain-text pattern), trimmed. */
+export function splitRun(run, sep) {
+    const out = [];
+    const re = new RegExp(sep.source, sep.flags.includes('g') ? sep.flags : sep.flags + 'g');
+    let last = 0;
+    for (let m = re.exec(run.text); m; m = re.exec(run.text)) {
+        if (m[0].length === 0) {
+            re.lastIndex++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        out.push(trimRun(sliceRun(run, last, m.index)));
+        last = m.index + m[0].length;
+    }
+    out.push(trimRun(sliceRun(run, last)));
+    return out;
+}
+/** A content block of `type` holding `run`. */
+export function blockOfRun(type, run, fields = {}) {
+    const start = run.sourceMap.length > 0 ? Math.min(...run.sourceMap) : (fields.sourceStart ?? 0);
+    const end = run.sourceMap.length > 0 ? Math.max(...run.sourceMap) + 1 : (fields.sourceEnd ?? start);
+    return { type, text: run.text, spans: run.spans, sourceMap: run.sourceMap, sourceStart: start, sourceEnd: end, ...fields };
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=text.js.map

package/dist/exercises/text.js.map

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package/dist/exercises/types.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/**
+ * The model of an exercise (#1225): what the Markdown of a `:::exercise`
+ * asks and answers, read once from the parsed blocks and shared by the
+ * page layout, the solutions and the digital outputs.
+ */
+import type { DirectiveAttrs, ExerciseGap } from '../parse/index.js';
+import type { Run } from './text.js';
+export declare const EXERCISE_KINDS: readonly ["choice", "truefalse", "gaps", "match", "order", "scramble", "sort", "mark", "open", "wordsearch", "crossword", "arithmetic"];
+/** What an exercise asks (`:::exercise{type=…}`). */
+export type ExerciseKind = typeof EXERCISE_KINDS[number];
+/** An option of a question (`- [x] Lisbon`). */
+export interface ExerciseOption {
+    /** The task item's block index. */
+    block: number;
+    correct: boolean;
+}
+/** A question of a `choice` exercise: its stem (a list item with the
+ *  options under it) and its options; or a statement of a `truefalse`
+ *  exercise (one option, ticked when true). */
+export interface ExerciseQuestion {
+    stem?: number;
+    options: ExerciseOption[];
+    /** More than one right option, or `select="many"`. */
+    multiple: boolean;
+}
+/** A `[[…]]` of the exercise. */
+export interface ExerciseGapRef {
+    block: number;
+    /** Index of the gap's span in the block's spans. */
+    span: number;
+    gap: ExerciseGap;
+    /** 1-based, in Markdown order. */
+    n: number;
+}
+/** A pair of a `match` exercise (`- Bee -> Hive`); `left` empty for a
+ *  distractor of the right column (`- -> Cave`). */
+export interface ExercisePair {
+    block: number;
+    left: Run;
+    right: Run;
+}
+/** A category of a `sort` exercise (`- Mammals: dog, whale`). */
+export interface ExerciseCategory {
+    block: number;
+    name: Run;
+    items: Run[];
+}
+/** A word of a `wordsearch` (`- MERCURY`) or an entry of a `crossword`
+ *  (`- SUN: The star of the solar system`). */
+export interface ExerciseEntry {
+    block: number;
+    /** The word as written, its spaces and hyphens taken out. */
+    word: string;
+    clue?: Run;
+}
+/** An operation of an `arithmetic` exercise (`- 345 + 278`). */
+export interface ExerciseOperation {
+    block: number;
+    a: string;
+    b: string;
+    op: '+' | '-' | '×' | '÷';
+    /** The sign as the operation prints it (`×` or `·`, `÷` or `:`). */
+    sign?: string;
+    /** The result in the digits written; a division's quotient. */
+    result: string;
+    /** A division's remainder, when not zero. */
+    remainder?: string;
+}
+/** A sentence of a `scramble` exercise, cut into its pieces. */
+export interface ExerciseSentence {
+    block: number;
+    pieces: Run[];
+}
+export type ExerciseIssueKind = 'exerciseUnknownType' | 'exerciseNoAnswer' | 'exerciseUnreadItem' | 'exerciseNested'
+/** A word a crossword or a word search could not place (`detail`). */
+ | 'exerciseWordUnplaced' | 'solutionOutside';
+export interface ExerciseIssue {
+    kind: ExerciseIssueKind;
+    /** The exercise's container id (absent for a solution outside one). */
+    exercise?: number;
+    /** What was written (an unknown type, an item read as nothing). */
+    detail?: string;
+    sourceStart: number;
+    sourceEnd: number;
+}
+export interface ExerciseModel {
+    /** The fence's container id. */
+    id: number;
+    /** 0-based, among the document's exercises. */
+    ordinal: number;
+    kind: ExerciseKind;
+    attrs: DirectiveAttrs;
+    /** Indices of the opening and closing markers. */
+    start: number;
+    end: number;
+    /** The leading paragraphs. */
+    instruction: number[];
+    /** Every block between the markers that is not the instruction, a
+     *  solution, a hint or a bank, in order. */
+    body: number[];
+    /** The blocks the kind reads as items (options, pairs, words…). */
+    items: Set<number>;
+    /** `:::solution` and `:::hint` ranges (marker indices). */
+    solutions: Array<{
+        start: number;
+        end: number;
+    }>;
+    hints: Array<{
+        start: number;
+        end: number;
+    }>;
+    banks: number[];
+    gaps: ExerciseGapRef[];
+    questions: ExerciseQuestion[];
+    pairs: ExercisePair[];
+    /** `order`: the items' blocks in the right order. */
+    sequence: number[];
+    sentences: ExerciseSentence[];
+    categories: ExerciseCategory[];
+    entries: ExerciseEntry[];
+    operations: ExerciseOperation[];
+    sourceStart: number;
+    sourceEnd: number;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=types.d.ts.map

package/dist/exercises/types.d.ts.map

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package/dist/exercises/types.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * The model of an exercise (#1225): what the Markdown of a `:::exercise`
+ * asks and answers, read once from the parsed blocks and shared by the
+ * page layout, the solutions and the digital outputs.
+ */
+export const EXERCISE_KINDS = [
+    'choice', 'truefalse', 'gaps', 'match', 'order', 'scramble', 'sort', 'mark', 'open', 'wordsearch', 'crossword', 'arithmetic',
+];
+//# sourceMappingURL=types.js.map

package/dist/exercises/types.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"types.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/exercises/types.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;GAIG;AAKH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,cAAc,GAAG;IAC5B,QAAQ,EAAE,WAAW,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,WAAW,EAAE,YAAY;CACpH,CAAC"}

package/dist/exercises/warnings.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/**
+ * What the Markdown of a document's exercises says that the engine cannot
+ * read (#1225), as content warnings: an unknown kind or style, a graded
+ * exercise with no right answer, an item its kind cannot read, a word a
+ * grid cannot place, a solution outside an exercise.
+ */
+import type { ContentBlock } from '../parse/index.js';
+import type { PostextConfig } from '../types.js';
+import type { ContentWarning } from '../vdt.js';
+type Located<T> = T & {
+    sourceStart: number;
+    sourceEnd: number;
+};
+export declare function exerciseContentWarnings(blocks: readonly ContentBlock[], config: PostextConfig | undefined): Located<ContentWarning>[];
+export {};
+//# sourceMappingURL=warnings.d.ts.map

package/dist/exercises/warnings.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"warnings.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/exercises/warnings.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;GAKG;AAEH,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,mBAAmB,CAAC;AACtD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,aAAa,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AACjD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,WAAW,CAAC;AAMhD,KAAK,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG;IAAE,WAAW,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAAC,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,CAAA;CAAE,CAAC;AAEjE,wBAAgB,uBAAuB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,SAAS,YAAY,EAAE,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,aAAa,GAAG,SAAS,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,cAAc,CAAC,EAAE,CAgCrI"}

package/dist/exercises/warnings.js

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * What the Markdown of a document's exercises says that the engine cannot
+ * read (#1225), as content warnings: an unknown kind or style, a graded
+ * exercise with no right answer, an item its kind cannot read, a word a
+ * grid cannot place, a solution outside an exercise.
+ */
+import { resolveAllConfig } from '../pipeline/config.js';
+import { exerciseSettingsFor } from './build.js';
+import { readExercises } from './model.js';
+import { gridBox } from './grids.js';
+export function exerciseContentWarnings(blocks, config) {
+    const { exercises, issues } = readExercises(blocks);
+    const out = [];
+    const at = (i) => ({ sourceStart: i.sourceStart, sourceEnd: i.sourceEnd });
+    for (const i of issues) {
+        switch (i.kind) {
+            case 'exerciseUnknownType':
+                out.push({ kind: 'exerciseUnknownType', type: i.detail ?? '', ...at(i) });
+                break;
+            case 'exerciseNoAnswer': {
+                const ex = exercises.find((e) => e.id === i.exercise);
+                out.push({ kind: 'exerciseNoAnswer', exerciseKind: ex?.kind ?? '', ...at(i) });
+                break;
+            }
+            case 'exerciseUnreadItem':
+                out.push({ kind: 'exerciseUnreadItem', text: i.detail ?? '', ...at(i) });
+                break;
+            case 'exerciseNested':
+                out.push({ kind: 'exerciseNested', ...at(i) });
+                break;
+            case 'solutionOutside':
+                out.push({ kind: 'solutionOutside', ...at(i) });
+                break;
+            case 'exerciseWordUnplaced':
+                out.push({ kind: 'exerciseWordUnplaced', word: i.detail ?? '', ...at(i) });
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    const settings = exerciseSettingsFor(resolveAllConfig(config));
+    const styles = new Set((config?.exerciseStyles ?? []).map((s) => s.id));
+    for (const ex of exercises) {
+        if (config?.exerciseStyles && ex.attrs.style !== undefined && !styles.has(ex.attrs.style)) {
+            out.push({ kind: 'exerciseUnknownStyle', style: ex.attrs.style, sourceStart: ex.sourceStart, sourceEnd: ex.sourceStart });
+        }
+        // A grid places its words whatever the page: generated here with the
+        // first style, words that do not fit reported.
+        if (ex.kind === 'crossword' || ex.kind === 'wordsearch') {
+            const box = gridBox({ kind: ex.kind, id: 'check', style: settings.styles[0], exercise: ex, blocks, seed: settings.exercises.seed, bodySizePt: 10, lineHeightPt: 12, measurePt: 1e6 });
+            for (const word of box.unplaced ?? [])
+                out.push({ kind: 'exerciseWordUnplaced', word, sourceStart: ex.sourceStart, sourceEnd: ex.sourceEnd });
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=warnings.js.map

package/dist/exercises/warnings.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"warnings.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/exercises/warnings.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;GAKG;AAKH,OAAO,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,uBAAuB,CAAC;AACzD,OAAO,EAAE,mBAAmB,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AACjD,OAAO,EAAE,aAAa,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAC3C,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAIrC,MAAM,UAAU,uBAAuB,CAAC,MAA+B,EAAE,MAAiC;IACxG,MAAM,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,GAAG,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC;IACpD,MAAM,GAAG,GAA8B,EAAE,CAAC;IAC1C,MAAM,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,CAA6C,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,WAAW,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;IACvH,KAAK,MAAM,CAAC,IAAI,MAAM,EAAE,CAAC;QACvB,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC;YACf,KAAK,qBAAqB;gBAAE,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,qBAAqB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,MAAM,IAAI,EAAE,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;gBAAC,MAAM;YAC7G,KAAK,kBAAkB,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;gBACxB,MAAM,EAAE,GAAG,SAAS,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC;gBACtD,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,kBAAkB,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,IAAI,IAAI,EAAE,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;gBAC/E,MAAM;YACR,CAAC;YACD,KAAK,oBAAoB;gBAAE,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,oBAAoB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,MAAM,IAAI,EAAE,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;gBAAC,MAAM;YAC3G,KAAK,gBAAgB;gBAAE,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;gBAAC,MAAM;YAC7E,KAAK,iBAAiB;gBAAE,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;gBAAC,MAAM;YAC/E,KAAK,sBAAsB;gBAAE,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,sBAAsB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,MAAM,IAAI,EAAE,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;gBAAC,MAAM;QACjH,CAAC;IACH,CAAC;IACD,MAAM,QAAQ,GAAG,mBAAmB,CAAC,gBAAgB,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;IAC/D,MAAM,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,cAAc,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;IACxE,KAAK,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,SAAS,EAAE,CAAC;QAC3B,IAAI,MAAM,EAAE,cAAc,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,KAAK,KAAK,SAAS,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;YAC1F,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,sBAAsB,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,WAAW,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;QAC5H,CAAC;QACD,qEAAqE;QACrE,+CAA+C;QAC/C,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC,IAAI,KAAK,WAAW,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC,IAAI,KAAK,YAAY,EAAE,CAAC;YACxD,MAAM,GAAG,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,CAAE,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,QAAQ,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;YACvL,KAAK,MAAM,IAAI,IAAI,GAAG,CAAC,QAAQ,IAAI,EAAE;gBAAE,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,sBAAsB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,WAAW,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;QAChJ,CAAC;IACH,CAAC;IACD,OAAO,GAAG,CAAC;AACb,CAAC"}

package/dist/html-backend.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { VDTDocument, RenderWarning } from './vdt.js';
 import { type SvgFontSyncProvider } from './svg/fonts.js';
+import { type ExerciseData } from './exercises/digital.js';
 export interface RenderHtmlOptions {
     /** Layout mode: single vertical column or many columns laid out horizontally. */
     mode?: 'single' | 'multi';
@@ -119,6 +120,11 @@ export interface HtmlRenderIndex {
     html: string;
     mode: 'single' | 'multi';
     pages: HtmlRenderIndexPage[];
+    /** The document's exercises for the exercise script (#1230), as `html`
+     *  writes them in its `<script class="pt-exercises">`: a host that
+     *  patches the pages instead of setting `html` hands them to
+     *  `attachExercises` itself. Absent when it has none. */
+    exercises?: ExerciseData;
 }
 /**
  * CSS declarations (a `prop:value;` list) that reset the inherited text

package/dist/html-backend.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/html-backend.js

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import { altWithLabels } from './composed/labelText.js';
 import { figureLabelLeaderPaths, figureLabelMatrix, undrawnLabels, unmirrorLabelLayout } from './composed/labels.js';
 import { comicFramePaintOrder, composedFrameBlockIds, composedPaintOrder, composedReadingOrder, composedSheetClip, composedSheetClipOnSheet, decorationOver, decorationUnder, frameClips, frameContentRect, frameMatrix } from './composed/paint.js';
 import { taskBoxSvgBody, taskBoxText } from './taskBox.js';
+import { exerciseDataJson, exerciseDataOf } from './exercises/digital.js';
 /**
  * Declarations of every box of CJK text measured with no punctuation
  * trimming: the browser adds and removes nothing. Chrome's
@@ -1763,14 +1764,28 @@ function renderChip(chip, x, baselineOffset, lineFont, lineColor, inkFor,
 rootDir = 'ltr') {
     const bx = x + chip.marginLeft;
     const parts = [];
+    const boxGeometry = `position:absolute;left:${bx.toFixed(3)}px;top:${(baselineOffset - chip.ascent).toFixed(3)}px;` +
+        `width:${chip.boxWidth.toFixed(3)}px;height:${(chip.ascent + chip.descent).toFixed(3)}px;box-sizing:border-box;`;
     if (chip.background || (chip.borderColor && chip.borderWidth > 0)) {
-        parts.push(`<span aria-hidden="true" style="position:absolute;left:${bx.toFixed(3)}px;top:${(baselineOffset - chip.ascent).toFixed(3)}px;` +
-            `width:${chip.boxWidth.toFixed(3)}px;height:${(chip.ascent + chip.descent).toFixed(3)}px;box-sizing:border-box;` +
+        // An underline (#1227) is the box's bottom border alone.
+        const border = chip.borderColor && chip.borderWidth > 0
+            ? `${chip.underline ? 'border-bottom' : 'border'}:${chip.borderWidth.toFixed(3)}px ${chip.underline && chip.underline !== 'solid' ? chip.underline : 'solid'} ${chip.borderColor};`
+            : '';
+        parts.push(`<span aria-hidden="true" style="${boxGeometry}` +
             (chip.background ? `background:${chip.background};` : '') +
-            (chip.borderColor && chip.borderWidth > 0 ? `border:${chip.borderWidth.toFixed(3)}px solid ${chip.borderColor};` : '') +
-            (chip.borderRadius > 0 ? `border-radius:${chip.borderRadius.toFixed(3)}px;` : '') +
+            border +
+            (chip.borderRadius > 0 && !chip.underline ? `border-radius:${chip.borderRadius.toFixed(3)}px;` : '') +
             `"></span>`);
     }
+    // Where an exercise is answered (#1230): a box the digital outputs find
+    // by its slot. A blank reads as what it is; its answer is not written.
+    if (chip.exercise || chip.blank) {
+        const data = chip.exercise ? ` data-pt-ex="${chip.exercise.ex}" data-pt-slot="${esc(chip.exercise.slot)}"` : '';
+        const label = chip.blank ? ` role="img" aria-label="${esc(chip.blankLabel ?? 'blank')}"` : '';
+        parts.push(`<span class="pt-ex-slot${chip.blank ? ' pt-ex-blank' : ''}"${data}${label} style="${boxGeometry}"></span>`);
+    }
+    if (chip.blank)
+        return parts.join('');
     let tx = bx + chip.borderWidth + chip.paddingX;
     // The runs in the chip's paint order (`VDTChip.order`); a right-to-left
     // run's box reads right to left.
@@ -3252,11 +3267,51 @@ function renderBlock(block, options, extra = '') {
     const note = block.footnoteNote !== undefined && !block.hidden
         ? zeroSizeAnchor(footnoteElementId(block.footnoteNote), block.bbox.x, block.bbox.y)
         : '';
-    return (`<div class="pt-block" data-block-id="${esc(block.id)}" style="display:contents;">` +
+    // A box printed upside down (#1229): a positioned layer at the page's
+    // origin, turned about the box's centre.
+    const style = block.turn
+        ? `position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:0;height:0;transform-origin:${block.turn.cx.toFixed(3)}px ${block.turn.cy.toFixed(3)}px;transform:rotate(180deg);`
+        : 'display:contents;';
+    return (`<div class="pt-block" data-block-id="${esc(block.id)}" style="${style}">` +
         note +
         (block.comic && block.stripCaption && !block.hidden ? renderStripBlockHtml(block, options, extra) : renderBlockInner(block, options) + extra) +
+        exerciseBoxHtml(block, options) +
         `</div>`);
 }
+/** The boxes of the document's exercises by their own container id (see
+ *  {@link HtmlPaint.exerciseBoxes}); `undefined` when it has none. */
+function exerciseBoxesOf(data) {
+    if (!data)
+        return undefined;
+    const out = new Map();
+    for (const r of data.exercises) {
+        out.set(r.id, { ex: r.id, outer: true });
+        for (const s of r.slots)
+            if (s.box !== undefined && !out.has(s.box))
+                out.set(s.box, { ex: r.id, outer: false });
+        for (const g of r.grids ?? [])
+            if (!out.has(g.box))
+                out.set(g.box, { ex: r.id, outer: false });
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+/** Where an exercise's box lies (#1230): an empty element over a callout
+ *  frame of an exercise — its outer box, a writing area, a grid — that the
+ *  exercise script finds by `data-pt-box` and lays its inputs, lines and
+ *  bar in. Not on a vertical page, whose flow is turned. */
+function exerciseBoxHtml(block, options) {
+    const boxes = options.exerciseBoxes;
+    if (!boxes || block.type !== 'callout' || !block.callout || block.hidden || options.vertical)
+        return '';
+    const own = block.calloutPath && block.calloutPath.length > 0 ? block.calloutPath[block.calloutPath.length - 1] : block.containerId;
+    const box = own !== undefined ? boxes.get(own) : undefined;
+    if (!box)
+        return '';
+    const { x, y, width, height } = block.bbox;
+    const part = block.callout.part !== undefined ? ` data-pt-part="${block.callout.part}"${block.callout.continued ? ' data-pt-continued=""' : ''}` : '';
+    return `<div class="pt-ex-box" data-pt-box="${own}" data-pt-ex="${box.ex}"${box.outer ? ` data-pt-exercise="${box.ex}"` : ''}${part} ` +
+        `style="position:absolute;left:${x}px;top:${y}px;width:${width}px;height:${height}px;pointer-events:none;"></div>`;
+}
 /** An empty element with an id at a point of the page: the target of an
  *  in-document link. */
 function zeroSizeAnchor(id, x, y) {
@@ -3617,7 +3672,12 @@ export function renderToHtmlIndexed(doc, options = {}) {
     const linkTargets = anchoredResourceIds(doc);
     for (const id of options.refTargets ?? [])
         linkTargets.add(id);
+    // The exercises (#1230): their boxes are marked on the pages, their
+    // records written once for the exercise script.
+    const exercises = exerciseDataOf(doc);
+    const exerciseBoxes = exerciseBoxesOf(exercises);
     const anchorPaint = {
+        ...(exerciseBoxes ? { exerciseBoxes } : {}),
         ...(doc.config.comics?.cast.length ? { comicCast: doc.config.comics.cast } : {}),
         ...(doc.anchors ? { anchors: doc.anchors } : {}),
         pageIndexOffset: doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0,
@@ -3677,8 +3737,9 @@ export function renderToHtmlIndexed(doc, options = {}) {
     // escaped, they cannot leave their attributes.
     const html = `<div class="pt-doc"${docLang !== undefined ? ` lang="${docLang}"` : ''}${rtl ? ' dir="rtl"' : ''} data-mode="${esc(mode)}" style="${esc(reset + docStyle)}">` +
         pageHtmlParts.join('') +
+        (exercises ? `<script type="application/json" class="pt-exercises">${exerciseDataJson(exercises)}</script>` : '') +
         `</div>`;
-    return { html, mode, pages: indexedPages };
+    return { html, mode, pages: indexedPages, ...(exercises ? { exercises } : {}) };
 }
 export function renderToHtml(doc, options = {}) {
     return renderToHtmlIndexed(doc, options).html;