porffor 0.2.0-fbab1de → 0.2.0-fde989a

package/README.md

@@ -10,6 +10,65 @@ Porffor is a very unique JS engine, due many wildly different approaches. It is
 
 Porffor is primarily built from scratch, the only thing that is not is the parser (using [Acorn](https://github.com/acornjs/acorn)). Binaryen/etc is not used, we make final wasm binaries ourself. You could imagine it as compiling a language which is a sub (some things unsupported) and super (new/custom apis) set of javascript. Not based on any particular spec version, focusing on function/working over spec compliance.
 
+## Usage
+Expect nothing to work! Only very limited JS is currently supported. See files in `bench` for examples.
+
+### Setup
+1. Clone this repo
+2. `npm install` - for parser(s)
+
+### Running a file
+The repos comes with easy alias files for Unix and Windows, which you can use like so:
+- Unix: `./porf path/to/script.js`
+- Windows: `.\porf path/to/script.js`
+
+Please note that further examples below will just use `./porf`, you need to use `.\porf` on Windows. You can also swap out `node` in the alias to use another runtime like Deno (`deno run -A`) or Bun (`bun ...`), or just use it yourself (eg `node runner/index.js ...`, `bun runner/index.js ...`). Node and Bun should work great, Deno support is WIP.
+
+### Trying a REPL
+**`./porf`**. Just run it with no script file argument.
+
+### Compiling to native binaries
+> [!WARNING]
+> Compiling to native binaries uses [2c](#2c), Porffor's own Wasm -> C compiler, which is experimental.
+
+**`./porf native path/to/script.js out(.exe)`**. You can specify the compiler with `-compiler=clang/zig/gcc`, and which opt level to use with `-cO=O3` (`Ofast` by default). Output binaries are also stripped by default.
+
+### Compiling to C
+> [!WARNING]
+> Compiling to C uses [2c](#2c), Porffor's own Wasm -> C compiler, which is experimental.
+
+**`./porf c path/to/script.js (out.c)`**. When not including an output file, it will be printed to stdout instead.
+
+### Compiling to a Wasm binary
+**`./porf compile path/to/script.js out.wasm`**. Currently it does not use an import standard like WASI, so it is mostly unusable.
+
+### Options
+- `-target=wasm|c|native` (default: `wasm`) to set target output (native compiles c output to binary, see args below)
+- `-target=c|native` only:
+  - `-o=out.c|out.exe|out` to set file to output c or binary
+- `-target=native` only:
+  - `-compiler=clang` to set compiler binary (path/name) to use to compile
+  - `-cO=O3` to set compiler opt argument
+- `-parser=acorn|@babel/parser|meriyah|hermes-parser` (default: `acorn`) to set which parser to use
+- `-parse-types` to enable parsing type annotations/typescript. if `-parser` is unset, changes default to `@babel/parser`. does not type check
+- `-opt-types` to perform optimizations using type annotations as compiler hints. does not type check
+- `-valtype=i32|i64|f64` (default: `f64`) to set valtype
+- `-O0` to disable opt
+- `-O1` (default) to enable basic opt (simplify insts, treeshake wasm imports)
+- `-O2` to enable advanced opt (inlining). unstable
+- `-O3` to enable advanceder opt (precompute const math). unstable
+- `-no-run` to not run wasm output, just compile
+- `-opt-log` to log some opts
+- `-code-log` to log some codegen (you probably want `-funcs`)
+- `-regex-log` to log some regex
+- `-funcs` to log funcs
+- `-ast-log` to log AST
+- `-opt-funcs` to log funcs after opt
+- `-sections` to log sections as hex
+- `-opt-no-inline` to not inline any funcs
+- `-tail-call` to enable tail calls (experimental + not widely implemented)
+- `-compile-hints` to enable V8 compilation hints (experimental + doesn't seem to do much?)
+
 ## Limitations
 - No full object support yet
 - Little built-ins/prototype
@@ -147,9 +206,7 @@ No particular order and no guarentees, just what could happen soon™
 - Self hosted testing?
 
 ## Performance
-*For the things it supports most of the time*, Porffor is *blazingly fast* compared to most interpreters, and common engines running without JIT. For those with JIT, it is usually slower by default, but can catch up with compiler arguments and typed input.
-
-![Screenshot of comparison chart](https://github.com/CanadaHonk/porffor/assets/19228318/76c75264-cc68-4be1-8891-c06dc389d97a)
+*For the features it supports most of the time*, Porffor is *blazingly fast* compared to most interpreters and common engines running without JIT. For those with JIT, it is usually slower by default, but can catch up with compiler arguments and typed input, even more so when compiling to native binaries.
 
 ## Optimizations
 Mostly for reducing size. I do not really care about compiler perf/time as long as it is reasonable. We do not use/rely on external opt tools (`wasm-opt`, etc), instead doing optimization inside the compiler itself creating even smaller code sizes than `wasm-opt` itself can produce as we have more internal information.
@@ -211,46 +268,9 @@ Porffor can run Test262 via some hacks/transforms which remove unsupported featu
 ## Usecases
 Basically none right now (other than giving people headaches). Potential ideas:
 - Safety. As Porffor is written in JS, a memory-safe language\*, and compiles JS to Wasm, a fully sandboxed environment\*, it is quite safe. (\* These rely on the underlying implementations being secure. You could also run Wasm, or even Porffor itself, with an interpreter instead of a JIT for bonus security points too.)
-- Compiling JS to native binaries. This is still very early, [`2c`](#2c) is not that good yet :(
+- Compiling JS to native binaries. This is still very early!
 - More in future probably?
 
-## Usage
-Basically nothing will work :). See files in `test` and `bench` for examples.
-
-1. Clone repo
-2. `npm install`
-3. `node test` to run tests (some will fail)
-4. `node runner path/to/code.js` to run a file (or `node runner` to use wip repl)
-
-You can also use Deno (`deno run -A ...` instead of `node ...`), or Bun (`bun ...` instead of `node ...`).
-
-### Options
-- `-target=wasm|c|native` (default: `wasm`) to set target output (native compiles c output to binary, see args below)
-- `-target=c|native` only:
-  - `-o=out.c|out.exe|out` to set file to output c or binary
-- `-target=native` only:
-  - `-compiler=clang` to set compiler binary (path/name) to use to compile
-  - `-cO=O3` to set compiler opt argument
-- `-parser=acorn|@babel/parser|meriyah|hermes-parser` (default: `acorn`) to set which parser to use
-- `-parse-types` to enable parsing type annotations/typescript. if `-parser` is unset, changes default to `@babel/parser`. does not type check
-- `-opt-types` to perform optimizations using type annotations as compiler hints. does not type check
-- `-valtype=i32|i64|f64` (default: `f64`) to set valtype
-- `-O0` to disable opt
-- `-O1` (default) to enable basic opt (simplify insts, treeshake wasm imports)
-- `-O2` to enable advanced opt (inlining). unstable
-- `-O3` to enable advanceder opt (precompute const math). unstable
-- `-no-run` to not run wasm output, just compile
-- `-opt-log` to log some opts
-- `-code-log` to log some codegen (you probably want `-funcs`)
-- `-regex-log` to log some regex
-- `-funcs` to log funcs
-- `-ast-log` to log AST
-- `-opt-funcs` to log funcs after opt
-- `-sections` to log sections as hex
-- `-opt-no-inline` to not inline any funcs
-- `-tail-call` to enable tail calls (experimental + not widely implemented)
-- `-compile-hints` to enable V8 compilation hints (experimental + doesn't seem to do much?)
-
 ## VSCode extension
 There is a vscode extension in `porffor-for-vscode` which tweaks JS syntax highlighting to be nicer with porffor features (eg highlighting wasm inside of inline asm).
 

package/compiler/2c.js

@@ -1,24 +1,106 @@
-import { read_ieee754_binary64, read_signedLEB128 } from './encoding.js';
+import { read_ieee754_binary64, read_signedLEB128, read_unsignedLEB128 } from './encoding.js';
 import { Blocktype, Opcodes, Valtype } from './wasmSpec.js';
 import { operatorOpcode } from './expression.js';
 import { log } from "./log.js";
 
 const CValtype = {
-  i8: 'char',
-  i16: 'unsigned short', // presume all i16 stuff is unsigned
-  i32: 'long',
-  i32_u: 'unsigned long',
-  i64: 'long long',
-  i64_u: 'unsigned long long',
+  i8: 'i8',
+  i16: 'i16',
+  i32: 'i32',
+  u32: 'u32',
+  i64: 'i64',
+  u64: 'u64',
 
-  f32: 'float',
-  f64: 'double',
+  f32: 'f32',
+  f64: 'f64',
 
   undefined: 'void'
 };
 
+const alwaysPreface = `typedef uint8_t i8;
+typedef uint16_t i16;
+typedef int32_t i32;
+typedef uint32_t u32;
+typedef int64_t i64;
+typedef uint64_t u64;
+typedef float f32;
+typedef double f64;
+
+f64 NAN = 0e+0/0e+0;
+
+struct ReturnValue {
+  ${CValtype.f64} value;
+  ${CValtype.i32} type;
+};\n\n`;
+
+// todo: is memcpy/etc safe with host endianness?
+
+// all:
+// immediates: ['align', 'offset']
+const CMemFuncs = {
+  [Opcodes.i32_store]: {
+    c: `memcpy(_memory + offset + pointer, &value, sizeof(value));`,
+    args: ['pointer', 'value'],
+    argTypes: [CValtype.i32, CValtype.i32],
+    returns: false
+  },
+  [Opcodes.i32_store16]: {
+    c: `memcpy(_memory + offset + pointer, &value, sizeof(value));`,
+    args: ['pointer', 'value'],
+    argTypes: [CValtype.i32, CValtype.i16],
+    returns: false
+  },
+  [Opcodes.i32_store8]: {
+    c: `memcpy(_memory + offset + pointer, &value, sizeof(value));`,
+    args: ['pointer', 'value'],
+    argTypes: [CValtype.i32, CValtype.i8],
+    returns: false
+  },
+
+  [Opcodes.i32_load]: {
+    c: `${CValtype.i32} out;
+memcpy(&out, _memory + offset + pointer, sizeof(out));
+return out;`,
+    args: ['pointer'],
+    argTypes: [CValtype.i32],
+    returns: CValtype.i32
+  },
+  [Opcodes.i32_load16_u]: {
+    c: `${CValtype.i16} out;
+memcpy(&out, _memory + offset + pointer, sizeof(out));
+return out;`,
+    args: ['pointer'],
+    argTypes: [CValtype.i32],
+    returns: CValtype.i32
+  },
+  [Opcodes.i32_load8_u]: {
+    c: `${CValtype.i8} out;
+memcpy(&out, _memory + offset + pointer, sizeof(out));
+return out;`,
+    args: ['pointer'],
+    argTypes: [CValtype.i32],
+    returns: CValtype.i32
+  },
+
+  [Opcodes.f64_store]: {
+    c: `memcpy(_memory + offset + pointer, &value, sizeof(value));`,
+    args: ['pointer', 'value'],
+    argTypes: [CValtype.i32, CValtype.f64],
+    returns: false
+  },
+  [Opcodes.f64_load]: {
+    c: `${CValtype.f64} out;
+memcpy(&out, _memory + offset + pointer, sizeof(out));
+return out;`,
+    args: ['pointer'],
+    argTypes: [CValtype.i32],
+    returns: CValtype.f64
+  },
+};
+
 const inv = (obj, keyMap = x => x) => Object.keys(obj).reduce((acc, x) => { acc[keyMap(obj[x])] = x; return acc; }, {});
 const invOpcodes = inv(Opcodes);
+const invValtype = inv(Valtype);
 
 for (const x in CValtype) {
   if (Valtype[x]) CValtype[Valtype[x]] = CValtype[x];
@@ -36,11 +118,18 @@ const todo = msg => {
 };
 
 const removeBrackets = str => {
-  if (str.startsWith('(long)(unsigned long)')) return '(long)(unsigned long)(' + removeBrackets(str.slice(22, -1)) + ')';
+  // return str;
+  // if (str.startsWith(`(${CValtype.i32})(${CValtype.u32})`)) return `(${CValtype.i32})(${CValtype.u32})(` + removeBrackets(str.slice(22, -1)) + ')';
+
+  for (const x in CValtype) {
+    const p = `(${x})`;
+    if (str.startsWith(p)) return p + removeBrackets(str.slice(p.length));
+  }
+
   return str.startsWith('(') && str.endsWith(')') ? str.slice(1, -1) : str;
 };
 
-export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
+export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, data, exceptions, pages }) => {
   const invOperatorOpcode = Object.values(operatorOpcode).reduce((acc, x) => {
     for (const k in x) {
       acc[x[k]] = k;
@@ -56,12 +145,11 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
   }
 
   const includes = new Map(), unixIncludes = new Map(), winIncludes = new Map();
+  const prepend = new Map(), prependMain = new Map();
 
-  // TODO: make type i16
-  let out = `struct ReturnValue {
-  ${CValtype.f64} value;
-  ${CValtype.i32} type;
-};\n\n`;
+  includes.set('stdint.h', true);
+
+  let out = ``;
 
   for (const x in globals) {
     const g = globals[x];
@@ -70,6 +158,15 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
     out += ';\n';
   }
 
+  if (pages.size > 0) {
+    prepend.set('_memory', `char _memory[${pages.size * pageSize}];\n`);
+    includes.set('string.h', true);
+  }
+
+  if (data.length > 0) {
+    prependMain.set('_data', data.map(x => `memcpy(_memory + ${x.offset}, (unsigned char[]){${x.bytes.join(',')}}, ${x.bytes.length});`).join('\n'));
+  }
+
   // for (const [ x, p ] of pages) {
     // out += `${CValtype[p.type]} ${x.replace(': ', '_').replace(/[^0-9a-zA-Z_]/g, '')}[100]`;
     // out += ';\n';
@@ -78,7 +175,8 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
   if (out) out += '\n';
 
   let depth = 1;
-  const line = (str, semi = true) => out += `${' '.repeat(depth * 2)}${str}${semi ? ';' : ''}\n`;
+  let brDepth = 0;
+  const line = (str, semi = true) => out += `${' '.repeat(depth * 2 + brDepth * 2)}${str}${semi ? ';' : ''}\n`;
   const lines = lines => {
     for (const x of lines) {
       out += `${' '.repeat(depth * 2)}${x}\n`;
@@ -111,6 +209,8 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
     return tmp;
   };
 
+  let brId = 0;
+
   for (const f of funcs) {
     depth = 1;
 
@@ -124,7 +224,12 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
     const returns = f.returns.length > 0;
 
     const shouldInline = f.internal;
-    out += `${f.name === 'main' ? 'int' : (f.internal ? (returns ? 'double' : 'void') : 'struct ReturnValue')} ${shouldInline ? 'inline ' : ''}${sanitize(f.name)}(${f.params.map((x, i) => `${CValtype[x]} ${invLocals[i]}`).join(', ')}) {\n`;
+    out += `${f.name === 'main' ? 'int' : (f.internal ? (returns ? CValtype.f64 : 'void') : 'struct ReturnValue')} ${shouldInline ? 'inline ' : ''}${sanitize(f.name)}(${f.params.map((x, i) => `${CValtype[x]} ${invLocals[i]}`).join(', ')}) {\n`;
+
+    if (f.name === 'main') {
+      out += [...prependMain.values()].join('\n');
+      if (prependMain.size > 0) out += '\n\n';
+    }
 
     const localKeys = Object.keys(f.locals).sort((a, b) => f.locals[a].idx - f.locals[b].idx).slice(f.params.length).sort((a, b) => f.locals[a].idx - f.locals[b].idx);
     for (const x of localKeys) {
@@ -134,11 +239,58 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
 
     if (localKeys.length !== 0) out += '\n';
 
+    const rets = [];
+    const runOnEnd = [];
+
     let vals = [];
-    const endNeedsCurly = [], ignoreEnd = [];
-    let beginLoop = false, lastCond = false, ifTernary = false;
+    const endNeedsCurly = [];
+    const brs = [];
+    let lastCond = false;
+
+    // let brDepth = 0;
+
+    const blockStart = (i, loop) => {
+      // reset "stack"
+      // vals = [];
+
+      rets.push(i[1]);
+
+      const br = brId++;
+      brs.push(br);
+      if (loop) {
+        line(`j${br}:;`, false);
+        runOnEnd.push(null);
+      } else {
+        runOnEnd.push(() => line(`j${br}:;`, false));
+      }
+
+      if (i[1] !== Blocktype.void) line(`${CValtype[i[1]]} _r${br}`);
+
+      brDepth++;
+    };
+
+    const highlight = i => {
+      const surrounding = 6;
+
+      const decomp = decompile(f.wasm.slice(i - surrounding, i + surrounding + 1), '', 0, f.locals, f.params, f.returns, funcs, globals, exceptions).slice(0, -1).split('\n');
+
+      const noAnsi = s => s.replace(/\u001b\[[0-9]+m/g, '');
+      let longest = 0;
+      for (let j = 0; j < decomp.length; j++) {
+        longest = Math.max(longest, noAnsi(decomp[j]).length);
+      }
+
+      const middle = Math.floor(decomp.length / 2);
+      decomp[middle] = `\x1B[47m\x1B[30m${noAnsi(decomp[middle])}${'\u00a0'.repeat(longest - noAnsi(decomp[middle]).length)}\x1B[0m`;
+
+      console.log('\x1B[90m...\x1B[0m');
+      console.log(decomp.join('\n'));
+      console.log('\x1B[90m...\x1B[0m\n');
+    };
+
     for (let _ = 0; _ < f.wasm.length; _++) {
       const i = f.wasm[_];
+      if (!i || !i[0]) continue;
 
       if (invOperatorOpcode[i[0]]) {
         const b = vals.pop();
@@ -160,12 +312,12 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
         switch (i[1]) {
           // i32_trunc_sat_f64_s
           case 0x02:
-            vals.push(`(${CValtype.i32})${vals.pop()}`);
+            vals.push(`(${CValtype.i32})(${vals.pop()})`);
             break;
 
           // i32_trunc_sat_f64_u
           case 0x03:
-            vals.push(`(${CValtype.i32})(${CValtype.i32_u})${vals.pop()}`);
+            vals.push(`(${CValtype.u32})(${vals.pop()})`);
             break;
         }
 
@@ -176,12 +328,19 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
       switch (i[0]) {
         case Opcodes.i32_const:
         case Opcodes.i64_const:
-          vals.push(read_signedLEB128(i.slice(1)).toString());
+          // vals.push(read_signedLEB128(i.slice(1)).toString());
+          vals.push(new String(read_signedLEB128(i.slice(1)).toString()));
+          vals.at(-1).offset = _;
           break;
 
-        case Opcodes.f64_const:
-          vals.push(read_ieee754_binary64(i.slice(1)).toExponential());
+        case Opcodes.f64_const: {
+          // const val = read_ieee754_binary64(i.slice(1)).toExponential();
+          const val = new String(read_ieee754_binary64(i.slice(1)).toExponential());
+          // vals.push(val == 'NaN' ? 'NAN' : val);
+          vals.push(val == 'NaN' ? new String('NAN') : val);
+          vals.at(-1).offset = _;
           break;
+        }
 
         case Opcodes.local_get:
           vals.push(`${invLocals[i[1]]}`);
@@ -192,9 +351,9 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
           break;
 
         case Opcodes.local_tee:
-          // line(`${invLocals[i[1]]} = ${removeBrackets(vals.pop())}`);
-          // vals.push(`${invLocals[i[1]]}`);
-          vals.push(`((${invLocals[i[1]]} = ${vals.pop()}))`);
+          line(`${invLocals[i[1]]} = ${removeBrackets(vals.pop())}`);
+          vals.push(`${invLocals[i[1]]}`);
+          // vals.push(`((${invLocals[i[1]]} = ${vals.pop()}))`);
           break;
 
         case Opcodes.global_get:
@@ -207,78 +366,102 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
 
         case Opcodes.f64_trunc:
           // vals.push(`trunc(${vals.pop()})`);
-          vals.push(`(int)(${removeBrackets(vals.pop())})`); // this is ~10x faster with clang??
+          vals.push(`(${CValtype.i32})(${removeBrackets(vals.pop())})`); // this is ~10x faster with clang??
           break;
 
         case Opcodes.f64_convert_i32_u:
         case Opcodes.f64_convert_i32_s:
         case Opcodes.f64_convert_i64_u:
         case Opcodes.f64_convert_i64_s:
-          // int to double
-          vals.push(`(double)${vals.pop()}`);
+          // int to f64
+          vals.push(`(${CValtype.f64})(${removeBrackets(vals.pop())})`);
           break;
 
+        case Opcodes.i32_eqz:
+          if (lastCond) {
+            vals.push(`!(${removeBrackets(vals.pop())})`);
+          } else {
+            let cond = '(' + removeBrackets(vals.pop());
+            if (cond.startsWith(`(${CValtype.i32})`)) cond = `${cond.slice(`(${CValtype.i32})`.length)}) == 0e+0`;
+              else cond += ') == 0';
+            vals.push(cond);
+          }
+          lastCond = true;
+          continue;
+
         case Opcodes.return:
           // line(`return${returns ? ` ${removeBrackets(vals.pop())}` : ''}`);
           line(`return${returns ? ` (struct ReturnValue){ ${removeBrackets(vals.pop())}, ${removeBrackets(vals.pop())} }` : ''}`);
           break;
 
-        case Opcodes.if:
+        case Opcodes.if: {
           let cond = removeBrackets(vals.pop());
           if (!lastCond) {
-            if (cond.startsWith('(long)')) cond = `${cond.slice(6)} == 1e+0`;
-              else cond += ' == 1';
-          }
-
-          ifTernary = i[1] !== Blocktype.void;
-          if (ifTernary) {
-            ifTernary = cond;
-            break;
+            if (cond.startsWith(`(${CValtype.i32})`)) cond = `(${cond.slice(`(${CValtype.i32})`.length)}) != 0e+0`;
+              else cond = `(${cond}) != 0`;
           }
 
-          if (beginLoop) {
-            beginLoop = false;
-            line(`while (${cond}) {`, false);
-
-            depth++;
-            endNeedsCurly.push(true);
-            ignoreEnd.push(false, true);
-            break;
-          }
+          line(`// if ${invValtype[i[1]] ?? ''}`, false);
+          blockStart(i, false);
 
           line(`if (${cond}) {`, false);
 
           depth++;
           endNeedsCurly.push(true);
-          ignoreEnd.push(false);
           break;
+        }
 
-        case Opcodes.else:
-          if (ifTernary) break;
+        case Opcodes.else: {
+          const br = brs.at(-1);
+          const ret = rets.at(-1);
+          if (ret && ret !== Blocktype.void) {
+            // console.log(vals, ret);
+            // console.log(decompile(f.wasm.slice(_ - 5, _ + 1)));
+            if (vals.length > 0) line(`_r${br} = ${removeBrackets(vals.pop())}`);
+            // vals.push(`_r${br}`);
+          }
 
           depth--;
           line(`} else {`, false);
           depth++;
+
+          // reset "stack"
+          // vals = [];
           break;
+        }
 
-        case Opcodes.loop:
-          // not doing properly, fake a while loop
-          beginLoop = true;
+        case Opcodes.loop: {
+          line(`// loop ${invValtype[i[1]] ?? ''}`, false);
+          blockStart(i, true);
+          endNeedsCurly.push(false);
           break;
+        }
 
-        case Opcodes.end:
-          if (ignoreEnd.pop()) break;
+        case Opcodes.end: {
+          const br = brs.pop();
+          const ret = rets.pop();
+          if (ret && ret !== Blocktype.void) {
+            // console.log(vals, ret);
+            // console.log(decompile(f.wasm.slice(_ - 5, _ + 1)));
+            if (vals.length > 0) line(`_r${br} = ${removeBrackets(vals.pop())}`);
+            vals.push(`_r${br}`);
+          }
 
-          if (ifTernary) {
-            const b = vals.pop();
-            const a = vals.pop();
-            vals.push(`${ifTernary} ? ${a} : ${b}`);
-            break;
+          const enc = endNeedsCurly.pop() === true;
+          if (enc) {
+            depth--;
+            line('}', false);
           }
 
-          depth--;
-          if (endNeedsCurly.pop() === true) line('}', false);
+          brDepth--;
+
+          line(`// end`, false);
+
+          const roe = runOnEnd.pop();
+          if (roe) roe();
+
           break;
+        }
 
         case Opcodes.call:
           let func = funcs.find(x => x.index === i[1]);
@@ -286,7 +469,8 @@ export default ({ funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages }) => {
             const importFunc = importFuncs[i[1]];
             switch (importFunc.name) {
               case 'print':
-                line(`printf("%f\\n", ${vals.pop()})`);
+                // line(`printf("%f\\n", ${vals.pop()})`);
+                line(`printf("${valtype === 'f64' ? '%g' : '%i'}\\n", ${vals.pop()})`);
                 includes.set('stdio.h', true);
                 break;
               case 'printChar':
@@ -349,13 +533,74 @@ _time_out = _time.tv_nsec / 1000000. + _time.tv_sec * 1000.;`);
           vals.pop();
           break;
 
-        case Opcodes.br:
-          // ignore
-          // reset "stack"
-          vals = [];
+        case Opcodes.block:
+          line(`// block ${invValtype[i[1]] ?? ''}`, false);
+          blockStart(i, false);
+          endNeedsCurly.push(false);
+          break;
+
+        case Opcodes.br: {
+          const ret = rets[brDepth - i[1] - 1];
+          // console.log(rets, brDepth, i[1], brDepth - i[1] - 1, ret, vals);
+          if (ret !== Blocktype.void) line(`_r${brs[brDepth - i[1] - 1]} = ${removeBrackets(vals.pop())}`);
+          line(`goto j${brs[brDepth - i[1] - 1]}`);
+
+          // // reset "stack"
+          // vals = [];
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case Opcodes.br_if: {
+          const ret = rets[brDepth - i[1] - 1];
+          // console.log(rets, brDepth, i[1], brDepth - i[1] - 1, ret, vals);
+
+          let cond = removeBrackets(vals.pop());
+          if (!lastCond) {
+            if (cond.startsWith(`(${CValtype.i32})`)) cond = `(${cond.slice(`(${CValtype.i32})`.length)}) != 0e+0`;
+              else cond = `(${cond}) != 0`;
+          }
+
+          line(`if (${cond}) {`, false);
+          depth++;
+          if (ret !== Blocktype.void) line(`_r${brs[brDepth - i[1] - 1]} = ${removeBrackets(vals.at(-1))}`);
+          line(`goto j${brs[brDepth - i[1] - 1]}`);
+          depth--;
+          line(`}`, false);
+
           break;
+        }
+
+        case Opcodes.throw: {
+          const id = vals.pop();
+
+          line(`printf("Uncaught ${exceptions[id].constructor}: ${exceptions[id].message}\\n")`);
+          line(`exit(1)`);
+
+          includes.set('stdlib.h', true);
+
+          break;
+        }
 
         default:
+          if (CMemFuncs[i[0]]) {
+            const name = invOpcodes[i[0]];
+            const func = CMemFuncs[i[0]];
+            if (!prepend.has(name)) {
+              prepend.set(name, `${func.returns || 'void'} ${name}(${CValtype.i32} align, ${CValtype.i32} offset, ${func.args.map((x, i) => `${func.argTypes[i]} ${x}`).join(', ')}) {\n  ${func.c.replaceAll('\n', '\n  ')}\n}\n`);
+              // generate func c and prepend
+            }
+
+            const immediates = [ i[1], read_unsignedLEB128(i.slice(2)) ];
+
+            let args = [];
+            for (let j = 0; j < func.args.length; j++) args.unshift(removeBrackets(vals.pop()));
+
+            if (func.returns !== false) {
+              vals.push(`${name}(${immediates[0]}, ${immediates[1]}, ${args.join(', ')})`);
+            } else line(`${name}(${immediates[0]}, ${immediates[1]}, ${args.join(', ')})`);
+            break;
+          }
+
           log.warning('2c', `unimplemented op: ${invOpcodes[i[0]]}`);
           // todo(`unimplemented op: ${invOpcodes[i[0]]}`);
       }
@@ -379,7 +624,7 @@ _time_out = _time.tv_nsec / 1000000. + _time.tv_sec * 1000.;`);
 
   const makeIncludes = includes => [...includes.keys()].map(x => `#include <${x}>\n`).join('');
 
-  out = platformSpecific(makeIncludes(winIncludes), makeIncludes(unixIncludes), false) + '\n' + makeIncludes(includes) + '\n' + out;
+  out = platformSpecific(makeIncludes(winIncludes), makeIncludes(unixIncludes), false) + '\n' + makeIncludes(includes) + '\n' + alwaysPreface + [...prepend.values()].join('\n') + '\n\n' + out;
 
-  return out;
+  return out.trim();
 };