porffor 0.2.0-623cdf0 → 0.2.0-6aff0fa

package/compiler/codeGen.js

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { number, i32x4, enforceOneByte, enforceTwoBytes, enforceFourBytes, enfor
 import { log } from "./log.js";
 import parse from "./parse.js";
 import * as Rhemyn from "../rhemyn/compile.js";
+import Prefs from './prefs.js';
 
 let globals = {};
 let globalInd = 0;
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ const generate = (scope, decl, global = false, name = undefined, valueUnused = f
 
     case 'TaggedTemplateExpression': {
       const funcs = {
-        __Porffor_asm: str => {
+        __Porffor_wasm: str => {
           let out = [];
 
           for (const line of str.split('\n')) {
@@ -168,8 +169,8 @@ const generate = (scope, decl, global = false, name = undefined, valueUnused = f
             if (asm[0] === '') continue; // blank
 
             if (asm[0] === 'local') {
-              const [ name, idx, type ] = asm.slice(1);
-              scope.locals[name] = { idx: parseInt(idx), type: Valtype[type] };
+              const [ name, type ] = asm.slice(1);
+              scope.locals[name] = { idx: scope.localInd++, type: Valtype[type] };
               continue;
             }
 
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ const generate = (scope, decl, global = false, name = undefined, valueUnused = f
             }
 
             if (asm[0] === 'memory') {
-              allocPage('asm instrinsic');
+              allocPage(scope, 'asm instrinsic');
               // todo: add to store/load offset insts
               continue;
             }
@@ -188,7 +189,11 @@ const generate = (scope, decl, global = false, name = undefined, valueUnused = f
             if (!inst) throw new Error(`inline asm: inst ${asm[0]} not found`);
 
             if (!Array.isArray(inst)) inst = [ inst ];
-            const immediates = asm.slice(1).map(x => parseInt(x));
+            const immediates = asm.slice(1).map(x => {
+              const int = parseInt(x);
+              if (Number.isNaN(int)) return scope.locals[x]?.idx;
+              return int;
+            });
 
             out.push([ ...inst, ...immediates ]);
           }
@@ -214,13 +219,22 @@ const generate = (scope, decl, global = false, name = undefined, valueUnused = f
       // hack for inline asm
       if (!funcs[name]) return todo('tagged template expressions not implemented');
 
-      const str = decl.quasi.quasis[0].value.raw;
+      const { quasis, expressions } = decl.quasi;
+      let str = quasis[0].value.raw;
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < expressions.length; i++) {
+        const e = expressions[i];
+        str += lookupName(scope, e.name)[0].idx;
+        str += quasis[i + 1].value.raw;
+      }
+
       return funcs[name](str);
     }
 
     default:
-      if (decl.type.startsWith('TS')) {
-        // ignore typescript nodes
+      // ignore typescript nodes
+      if (decl.type.startsWith('TS') ||
+          decl.type === 'ImportDeclaration' && decl.importKind === 'type') {
         return [];
       }
 
@@ -276,7 +290,10 @@ const generateIdent = (scope, decl) => {
 
     if (Object.hasOwn(builtinVars, name)) {
       if (builtinVars[name].floatOnly && valtype[0] === 'i') throw new Error(`Cannot use ${unhackName(name)} with integer valtype`);
-      return builtinVars[name];
+
+      let wasm = builtinVars[name];
+      if (typeof wasm === 'function') wasm = asmFuncToAsm(wasm, { name });
+      return wasm;
     }
 
     if (Object.hasOwn(builtinFuncs, name) || Object.hasOwn(internalConstrs, name)) {
@@ -409,9 +426,6 @@ const concatStrings = (scope, left, right, global, name, assign) => {
   const rightLength = localTmp(scope, 'concat_right_length', Valtype.i32);
   const leftLength = localTmp(scope, 'concat_left_length', Valtype.i32);
 
-  const aotWFA = process.argv.includes('-aot-well-formed-string-approximation');
-  if (aotWFA) addVarMeta(name, { wellFormed: undefined });
-
   if (assign) {
     const pointer = arrays.get(name ?? '$undeclared');
 
@@ -649,11 +663,12 @@ const truthy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
     ...(!intIn && intOut ? [ Opcodes.i32_to_u ] : [])
   ];
 
-  const tmp = localTmp(scope, `$logicinner_tmp${intIn ? '_int' : ''}`, intIn ? Valtype.i32 : valtypeBinary);
+  const useTmp = knownType(scope, type) == null;
+  const tmp = useTmp && localTmp(scope, `$logicinner_tmp${intIn ? '_int' : ''}`, intIn ? Valtype.i32 : valtypeBinary);
 
   const def = [
     // if value != 0
-    [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ],
+    ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ] ]),
 
     // ...(intIn ? [ [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ] ] : [ ...Opcodes.eqz ]),
     ...(!intOut || (intIn && intOut) ? [] : [ Opcodes.i32_to_u ]),
@@ -665,7 +680,7 @@ const truthy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
 
   return [
     ...wasm,
-    [ Opcodes.local_set, tmp ],
+    ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_set, tmp ] ]),
 
     ...typeSwitch(scope, type, {
       // [TYPES.number]: def,
@@ -674,7 +689,7 @@ const truthy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
         ...number(1, intOut ? Valtype.i32 : valtypeBinary)
       ],
       [TYPES.string]: [
-        [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ],
+        ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ] ]),
         ...(intIn ? [] : [ Opcodes.i32_to_u ]),
 
         // get length
@@ -686,7 +701,7 @@ const truthy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
         ...(intOut ? [] : [ Opcodes.i32_from_u ])
       ],
       [TYPES._bytestring]: [ // duplicate of string
-        [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ],
+      ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ] ]),
         ...(intIn ? [] : [ Opcodes.i32_to_u ]),
 
         // get length
@@ -700,10 +715,12 @@ const truthy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
 };
 
 const falsy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
-  const tmp = localTmp(scope, `$logicinner_tmp${intIn ? '_int' : ''}`, intIn ? Valtype.i32 : valtypeBinary);
+  const useTmp = knownType(scope, type) == null;
+  const tmp = useTmp && localTmp(scope, `$logicinner_tmp${intIn ? '_int' : ''}`, intIn ? Valtype.i32 : valtypeBinary);
+
   return [
     ...wasm,
-    [ Opcodes.local_set, tmp ],
+    ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_set, tmp ] ]),
 
     ...typeSwitch(scope, type, {
       [TYPES._array]: [
@@ -711,7 +728,7 @@ const falsy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
         ...number(0, intOut ? Valtype.i32 : valtypeBinary)
       ],
       [TYPES.string]: [
-        [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ],
+        ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ] ]),
         ...(intIn ? [] : [ Opcodes.i32_to_u ]),
 
         // get length
@@ -722,7 +739,7 @@ const falsy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
         ...(intOut ? [] : [ Opcodes.i32_from_u ])
       ],
       [TYPES._bytestring]: [ // duplicate of string
-        [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ],
+        ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ] ]),
         ...(intIn ? [] : [ Opcodes.i32_to_u ]),
 
         // get length
@@ -734,7 +751,7 @@ const falsy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
       ],
       default: [
         // if value == 0
-        [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ],
+        ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ] ]),
 
         ...(intIn ? [ [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ] ] : [ ...Opcodes.eqz ]),
         ...(intOut ? [] : [ Opcodes.i32_from_u ])
@@ -744,10 +761,12 @@ const falsy = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
 };
 
 const nullish = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
-  const tmp = localTmp(scope, `$logicinner_tmp${intIn ? '_int' : ''}`, intIn ? Valtype.i32 : valtypeBinary);
+  const useTmp = knownType(scope, type) == null;
+  const tmp = useTmp && localTmp(scope, `$logicinner_tmp${intIn ? '_int' : ''}`, intIn ? Valtype.i32 : valtypeBinary);
+
   return [
     ...wasm,
-    [ Opcodes.local_set, tmp ],
+    ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_set, tmp ] ]),
 
     ...typeSwitch(scope, type, {
       [TYPES.undefined]: [
@@ -756,7 +775,7 @@ const nullish = (scope, wasm, type, intIn = false, intOut = false) => {
       ],
       [TYPES.object]: [
         // object, null if == 0
-        [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ],
+        ...(!useTmp ? [] : [ [ Opcodes.local_get, tmp ] ]),
 
         ...(intIn ? [ [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ] ] : [ ...Opcodes.eqz ]),
         ...(intOut ? [] : [ Opcodes.i32_from_u ])
@@ -785,11 +804,14 @@ const performOp = (scope, op, left, right, leftType, rightType, _global = false,
     return performLogicOp(scope, op, left, right, leftType, rightType);
   }
 
+  const knownLeft = knownType(scope, leftType);
+  const knownRight = knownType(scope, rightType);
+
   const eqOp = ['==', '===', '!=', '!==', '>', '>=', '<', '<='].includes(op);
   const strictOp = op === '===' || op === '!==';
 
   const startOut = [], endOut = [];
-  const finalise = out => startOut.concat(out, endOut);
+  const finalize = out => startOut.concat(out, endOut);
 
   // if strict (in)equal check types match
   if (strictOp) {
@@ -834,31 +856,32 @@ const performOp = (scope, op, left, right, leftType, rightType, _global = false,
   // todo: if equality op and an operand is undefined, return false
   // todo: niche null hell with 0
 
-  // if (leftType === TYPES.string || rightType === TYPES.string) {
-  //   if (op === '+') {
-  //     // string concat (a + b)
-  //     return finalise(concatStrings(scope, left, right, _global, _name, assign));
-  //   }
-
-  //   // not an equality op, NaN
-  //   if (!eqOp) return finalise(number(NaN));
-
-  //   // else leave bool ops
-  //   // todo: convert string to number if string and number/bool
-  //   // todo: string (>|>=|<|<=) string
-
-  //   // string comparison
-  //   if (op === '===' || op === '==') {
-  //     return finalise(compareStrings(scope, left, right));
-  //   }
-
-  //   if (op === '!==' || op === '!=') {
-  //     return finalise([
-  //       ...compareStrings(scope, left, right),
-  //       [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ]
-  //     ]);
-  //   }
-  // }
+  // todo: this should be dynamic but for now only static
+  if (knownLeft === TYPES.string || knownRight === TYPES.string) {
+    if (op === '+') {
+      // string concat (a + b)
+      return concatStrings(scope, left, right, _global, _name, assign);
+    }
+
+    // not an equality op, NaN
+    if (!eqOp) return number(NaN);
+
+    // else leave bool ops
+    // todo: convert string to number if string and number/bool
+    // todo: string (>|>=|<|<=) string
+
+    // string comparison
+    if (op === '===' || op === '==') {
+      return compareStrings(scope, left, right);
+    }
+
+    if (op === '!==' || op === '!=') {
+      return [
+        ...compareStrings(scope, left, right),
+        [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ]
+      ];
+    }
+  }
 
   let ops = operatorOpcode[valtype][op];
 
@@ -868,7 +891,7 @@ const performOp = (scope, op, left, right, leftType, rightType, _global = false,
     includeBuiltin(scope, builtinName);
     const idx = funcIndex[builtinName];
 
-    return finalise([
+    return finalize([
       ...left,
       ...right,
       [ Opcodes.call, idx ]
@@ -883,9 +906,6 @@ const performOp = (scope, op, left, right, leftType, rightType, _global = false,
   let tmpLeft, tmpRight;
   // if equal op, check if strings for compareStrings
   if (op === '===' || op === '==' || op === '!==' || op === '!=') (() => {
-    const knownLeft = knownType(scope, leftType);
-    const knownRight = knownType(scope, rightType);
-
     // todo: intelligent partial skip later
     // if neither known are string, stop this madness
     if ((knownLeft != null && knownLeft !== TYPES.string) && (knownRight != null && knownRight !== TYPES.string)) {
@@ -943,7 +963,7 @@ const performOp = (scope, op, left, right, leftType, rightType, _global = false,
     // }
   })();
 
-  return finalise([
+  return finalize([
     ...left,
     ...(tmpLeft != null ? stringOnly([ [ Opcodes.local_tee, tmpLeft ] ]) : []),
     ...right,
@@ -960,7 +980,22 @@ const generateBinaryExp = (scope, decl, _global, _name) => {
   return out;
 };
 
-const asmFunc = (name, { wasm, params, locals: localTypes, globals: globalTypes = [], globalInits, returns, returnType, localNames = [], globalNames = [] }) => {
+const asmFuncToAsm = (func, { name = '#unknown_asm_func', params = [], locals = [], returns = [], localInd = 0 }) => {
+  return func({ name, params, locals, returns, localInd }, {
+    TYPES, TYPE_NAMES, typeSwitch, makeArray, makeString, allocPage,
+    builtin: name => {
+      let idx = funcIndex[name] ?? importedFuncs[name];
+      if (idx === undefined && builtinFuncs[name]) {
+        includeBuiltin(null, name);
+        idx = funcIndex[name];
+      }
+
+      return idx;
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+const asmFunc = (name, { wasm, params, locals: localTypes, globals: globalTypes = [], globalInits, returns, returnType, localNames = [], globalNames = [], data: _data = [] }) => {
   const existing = funcs.find(x => x.name === name);
   if (existing) return existing;
 
@@ -972,18 +1007,14 @@ const asmFunc = (name, { wasm, params, locals: localTypes, globals: globalTypes
     locals[nameParam(i)] = { idx: i, type: allLocals[i] };
   }
 
-  if (typeof wasm === 'function') {
-    const scope = {
-      name,
-      params,
-      locals,
-      returns,
-      localInd: allLocals.length,
-    };
-
-    wasm = wasm(scope, { TYPES, TYPE_NAMES, typeSwitch, makeArray, makeString });
+  for (const x of _data) {
+    const copy = { ...x };
+    copy.offset += pages.size * pageSize;
+    data.push(copy);
   }
 
+  if (typeof wasm === 'function') wasm = asmFuncToAsm(wasm, { name, params, locals, returns, localInd: allLocals.length });
+
   let baseGlobalIdx, i = 0;
   for (const type of globalTypes) {
     if (baseGlobalIdx === undefined) baseGlobalIdx = globalInd;
@@ -1086,7 +1117,10 @@ const TYPE_NAMES = {
 const getType = (scope, _name) => {
   const name = mapName(_name);
 
+  if (typedInput && scope.locals[name]?.metadata?.type != null) return number(scope.locals[name].metadata.type, Valtype.i32);
   if (scope.locals[name]) return [ [ Opcodes.local_get, scope.locals[name + '#type'].idx ] ];
+
+  if (typedInput && globals[name]?.metadata?.type != null) return number(globals[name].metadata.type, Valtype.i32);
   if (globals[name]) return [ [ Opcodes.global_get, globals[name + '#type'].idx ] ];
 
   let type = TYPES.undefined;
@@ -1164,7 +1198,7 @@ const getNodeType = (scope, node) => {
         if (func.returnType) return func.returnType;
       }
 
-      if (builtinFuncs[name]) return TYPES[builtinFuncs[name].returnType ?? 'number'];
+      if (builtinFuncs[name] && !builtinFuncs[name].typedReturns) return TYPES[builtinFuncs[name].returnType ?? 'number'];
       if (internalConstrs[name]) return internalConstrs[name].type;
 
       // check if this is a prototype function
@@ -1179,6 +1213,11 @@ const getNodeType = (scope, node) => {
         if (protoFuncs.length === 1) return protoFuncs[0].returnType ?? TYPES.number;
       }
 
+      if (name.startsWith('__Porffor_wasm_')) {
+        // todo: return undefined for non-returning ops
+        return TYPES.number;
+      }
+
       if (scope.locals['#last_type']) return [ getLastType(scope) ];
 
       // presume
@@ -1227,6 +1266,14 @@ const getNodeType = (scope, node) => {
 
     if (node.type === 'BinaryExpression') {
       if (['==', '===', '!=', '!==', '>', '>=', '<', '<='].includes(node.operator)) return TYPES.boolean;
+      if (node.operator !== '+') return TYPES.number;
+
+      const knownLeft = knownType(scope, getNodeType(scope, node.left));
+      const knownRight = knownType(scope, getNodeType(scope, node.right));
+
+      // todo: this should be dynamic but for now only static
+      if (knownLeft === TYPES.string || knownRight === TYPES.string) return TYPES.string;
+
       return TYPES.number;
 
       // todo: string concat types
@@ -1251,7 +1298,7 @@ const getNodeType = (scope, node) => {
       if (node.operator === '!') return TYPES.boolean;
       if (node.operator === 'void') return TYPES.undefined;
       if (node.operator === 'delete') return TYPES.boolean;
-      if (node.operator === 'typeof') return process.argv.includes('-bytestring') ? TYPES._bytestring : TYPES.string;
+      if (node.operator === 'typeof') return Prefs.bytestring ? TYPES._bytestring : TYPES.string;
 
       return TYPES.number;
     }
@@ -1320,7 +1367,7 @@ const countLeftover = wasm => {
     if (inst[0] === Opcodes.end) depth--;
 
     if (depth === 0)
-      if ([Opcodes.throw,Opcodes.drop, Opcodes.local_set, Opcodes.global_set].includes(inst[0])) count--;
+      if ([Opcodes.throw, Opcodes.drop, Opcodes.local_set, Opcodes.global_set].includes(inst[0])) count--;
         else if ([null, Opcodes.i32_eqz, Opcodes.i64_eqz, Opcodes.f64_ceil, Opcodes.f64_floor, Opcodes.f64_trunc, Opcodes.f64_nearest, Opcodes.f64_sqrt, Opcodes.local_tee, Opcodes.i32_wrap_i64, Opcodes.i64_extend_i32_s, Opcodes.i64_extend_i32_u, Opcodes.f32_demote_f64, Opcodes.f64_promote_f32, Opcodes.f64_convert_i32_s, Opcodes.f64_convert_i32_u, Opcodes.i32_clz, Opcodes.i32_ctz, Opcodes.i32_popcnt, Opcodes.f64_neg, Opcodes.end, Opcodes.i32_trunc_sat_f64_s[0], Opcodes.i32x4_extract_lane, Opcodes.i16x8_extract_lane, Opcodes.i32_load, Opcodes.i64_load, Opcodes.f64_load, Opcodes.v128_load, Opcodes.i32_load16_u, Opcodes.i32_load16_s, Opcodes.i32_load8_u, Opcodes.i32_load8_s, Opcodes.memory_grow].includes(inst[0]) && (inst[0] !== 0xfc || inst[1] < 0x0a)) {}
         else if ([Opcodes.local_get, Opcodes.global_get, Opcodes.f64_const, Opcodes.i32_const, Opcodes.i64_const, Opcodes.v128_const].includes(inst[0])) count++;
         else if ([Opcodes.i32_store, Opcodes.i64_store, Opcodes.f64_store, Opcodes.i32_store16, Opcodes.i32_store8].includes(inst[0])) count -= 2;
@@ -1645,6 +1692,32 @@ const generateCall = (scope, decl, _global, _name, unusedValue = false) => {
     idx = -1;
   }
 
+  if (idx === undefined && name.startsWith('__Porffor_wasm_')) {
+    const wasmOps = {
+      // pointer, align, offset
+      i32_load8_u: { imms: 2, args: 1 },
+      // pointer, value, align, offset
+      i32_store8: { imms: 2, args: 2 },
+    };
+
+    const opName = name.slice('__Porffor_wasm_'.length);
+
+    if (wasmOps[opName]) {
+      const op = wasmOps[opName];
+
+      const argOut = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < op.args; i++) argOut.push(...generate(scope, decl.arguments[i]));
+
+      // literals only
+      const imms = decl.arguments.slice(op.args).map(x => x.value);
+
+      return [
+        ...argOut,
+        [ Opcodes[opName], ...imms ]
+      ];
+    }
+  }
+
   if (idx === undefined) {
     if (scope.locals[name] !== undefined || globals[name] !== undefined || builtinVars[name] !== undefined) return internalThrow(scope, 'TypeError', `${unhackName(name)} is not a function`);
     return internalThrow(scope, 'ReferenceError', `${unhackName(name)} is not defined`);
@@ -1654,7 +1727,7 @@ const generateCall = (scope, decl, _global, _name, unusedValue = false) => {
 
   const userFunc = (funcIndex[name] && !importedFuncs[name] && !builtinFuncs[name] && !internalConstrs[name]) || idx === -1;
   const typedParams = userFunc || builtinFuncs[name]?.typedParams;
-  const typedReturn = userFunc || builtinFuncs[name]?.typedReturn;
+  const typedReturns = userFunc || builtinFuncs[name]?.typedReturns;
   const paramCount = func && (typedParams ? func.params.length / 2 : func.params.length);
 
   let args = decl.arguments;
@@ -1671,14 +1744,20 @@ const generateCall = (scope, decl, _global, _name, unusedValue = false) => {
   if (func && func.throws) scope.throws = true;
 
   let out = [];
-  for (const arg of args) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+    const arg = args[i];
     out = out.concat(generate(scope, arg));
+
+    if (builtinFuncs[name] && builtinFuncs[name].params[i] === Valtype.i32 && valtypeBinary !== Valtype.i32) {
+      out.push(Opcodes.i32_to);
+    }
+
     if (typedParams) out = out.concat(getNodeType(scope, arg));
   }
 
   out.push([ Opcodes.call, idx ]);
 
-  if (!typedReturn) {
+  if (!typedReturns) {
     // let type;
     // if (builtinFuncs[name]) type = TYPES[builtinFuncs[name].returnType ?? 'number'];
     // if (internalConstrs[name]) type = internalConstrs[name].type;
@@ -1690,6 +1769,10 @@ const generateCall = (scope, decl, _global, _name, unusedValue = false) => {
     // );
   } else out.push(setLastType(scope));
 
+  if (builtinFuncs[name] && builtinFuncs[name].returns[0] === Valtype.i32 && valtypeBinary !== Valtype.i32) {
+    out.push(Opcodes.i32_from);
+  }
+
   return out;
 };
 
@@ -1814,14 +1897,14 @@ const brTable = (input, bc, returns) => {
 };
 
 const typeSwitch = (scope, type, bc, returns = valtypeBinary) => {
-  if (!process.argv.includes('-bytestring')) delete bc[TYPES._bytestring];
+  if (!Prefs.bytestring) delete bc[TYPES._bytestring];
 
   const known = knownType(scope, type);
   if (known != null) {
     return bc[known] ?? bc.default;
   }
 
-  if (process.argv.includes('-typeswitch-use-brtable'))
+  if (Prefs.typeswitchUseBrtable)
     return brTable(type, bc, returns);
 
   const tmp = localTmp(scope, '#typeswitch_tmp', Valtype.i32);
@@ -1856,7 +1939,7 @@ const typeSwitch = (scope, type, bc, returns = valtypeBinary) => {
   return out;
 };
 
-const allocVar = (scope, name, global = false) => {
+const allocVar = (scope, name, global = false, type = true) => {
   const target = global ? globals : scope.locals;
 
   // already declared
@@ -1870,8 +1953,10 @@ const allocVar = (scope, name, global = false) => {
   let idx = global ? globalInd++ : scope.localInd++;
   target[name] = { idx, type: valtypeBinary };
 
-  let typeIdx = global ? globalInd++ : scope.localInd++;
-  target[name + '#type'] = { idx: typeIdx, type: Valtype.i32 };
+  if (type) {
+    let typeIdx = global ? globalInd++ : scope.localInd++;
+    target[name + '#type'] = { idx: typeIdx, type: Valtype.i32 };
+  }
 
   return idx;
 };
@@ -1891,6 +1976,7 @@ const typeAnnoToPorfType = x => {
 
   switch (x) {
     case 'i32':
+    case 'i64':
       return TYPES.number;
   }
 
@@ -1914,7 +2000,7 @@ const extractTypeAnnotation = decl => {
   const typeName = type;
   type = typeAnnoToPorfType(type);
 
-  if (type === TYPES._bytestring && !process.argv.includes('-bytestring')) type = TYPES.string;
+  if (type === TYPES._bytestring && !Prefs.bytestring) type = TYPES.string;
 
   // if (decl.name) console.log(decl.name, { type, elementType });
 
@@ -1949,7 +2035,7 @@ const generateVar = (scope, decl) => {
       continue; // always ignore
     }
 
-    let idx = allocVar(scope, name, global);
+    let idx = allocVar(scope, name, global, !x.id.typeAnnotation);
 
     if (typedInput && x.id.typeAnnotation) {
       addVarMetadata(scope, name, global, extractTypeAnnotation(x.id));
@@ -2120,9 +2206,7 @@ const generateAssign = (scope, decl) => {
       ], getType(scope, name), getNodeType(scope, decl.right), isGlobal, name, true),
       [ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_get : Opcodes.local_get, local.idx ],
 
-      getLastType(scope),
-      // hack: type is idx+1
-      [ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_set : Opcodes.local_set, local.idx + 1 ],
+      ...setType(scope, name, getLastType(scope))
     ];
   }
 
@@ -2133,9 +2217,7 @@ const generateAssign = (scope, decl) => {
 
     // todo: string concat types
 
-    // hack: type is idx+1
-    ...number(TYPES.number, Valtype.i32),
-    [ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_set : Opcodes.local_set, local.idx + 1 ],
+    ...setType(scope, name, TYPES.number)
   ];
 };
 
@@ -2546,6 +2628,9 @@ const generateThrow = (scope, decl) => {
   let exceptId = exceptions.push({ constructor, message }) - 1;
   let tagIdx = tags[0].idx;
 
+  scope.exceptions ??= [];
+  scope.exceptions.push(exceptId);
+
   // todo: write a description of how this works lol
 
   return [
@@ -2590,7 +2675,7 @@ const generateAssignPat = (scope, decl) => {
 };
 
 let pages = new Map();
-const allocPage = (reason, type) => {
+const allocPage = (scope, reason, type) => {
   if (pages.has(reason)) return pages.get(reason).ind;
 
   if (reason.startsWith('array:')) pages.hasArray = true;
@@ -2601,16 +2686,20 @@ const allocPage = (reason, type) => {
   const ind = pages.size;
   pages.set(reason, { ind, type });
 
-  if (allocLog) log('alloc', `allocated new page of memory (${ind}) | ${reason} (type: ${type})`);
+  scope.pages ??= new Map();
+  scope.pages.set(reason, { ind, type });
+
+  if (Prefs.allocLog) log('alloc', `allocated new page of memory (${ind}) | ${reason} (type: ${type})`);
 
   return ind;
 };
 
+// todo: add scope.pages
 const freePage = reason => {
   const { ind } = pages.get(reason);
   pages.delete(reason);
 
-  if (allocLog) log('alloc', `freed page of memory (${ind}) | ${reason}`);
+  if (Prefs.allocLog) log('alloc', `freed page of memory (${ind}) | ${reason}`);
 
   return ind;
 };
@@ -2636,15 +2725,14 @@ const StoreOps = {
 
 let data = [];
 
-const compileBytes = (val, itemType, signed = true) => {
+const compileBytes = (val, itemType) => {
   // todo: this is a mess and needs confirming / ????
   switch (itemType) {
     case 'i8': return [ val % 256 ];
-    case 'i16': return [ val % 256, Math.floor(val / 256) ];
-
-    case 'i32':
-    case 'i64':
-      return enforceFourBytes(signedLEB128(val));
+    case 'i16': return [ val % 256, (val / 256 | 0) % 256 ];
+    case 'i16': return [ val % 256, (val / 256 | 0) % 256 ];
+    case 'i32': return [...new Uint8Array(new Int32Array([ val ]).buffer)];
+    // todo: i64
 
     case 'f64': return ieee754_binary64(val);
   }
@@ -2668,7 +2756,7 @@ const makeArray = (scope, decl, global = false, name = '$undeclared', initEmpty
 
     // todo: can we just have 1 undeclared array? probably not? but this is not really memory efficient
     const uniqueName = name === '$undeclared' ? name + Math.random().toString().slice(2) : name;
-    arrays.set(name, allocPage(`${getAllocType(itemType)}: ${uniqueName}`, itemType) * pageSize);
+    arrays.set(name, allocPage(scope, `${getAllocType(itemType)}: ${uniqueName}`, itemType) * pageSize);
   }
 
   const pointer = arrays.get(name);
@@ -2679,19 +2767,25 @@ const makeArray = (scope, decl, global = false, name = '$undeclared', initEmpty
   const valtype = itemTypeToValtype[itemType];
   const length = elements.length;
 
-  if (firstAssign && useRawElements) {
-    let bytes = compileBytes(length, 'i32');
+  if (firstAssign && useRawElements && !Prefs.noData) {
+    // if length is 0 memory/data will just be 0000... anyway
+    if (length !== 0) {
+      let bytes = compileBytes(length, 'i32');
 
-    if (!initEmpty) for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      if (elements[i] == null) continue;
+      if (!initEmpty) for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        if (elements[i] == null) continue;
 
-      bytes.push(...compileBytes(elements[i], itemType));
-    }
+        bytes.push(...compileBytes(elements[i], itemType));
+      }
 
-    data.push({
-      offset: pointer,
-      bytes
-    });
+      const ind = data.push({
+        offset: pointer,
+        bytes
+      }) - 1;
+
+      scope.data ??= [];
+      scope.data.push(ind);
+    }
 
     // local value as pointer
     out.push(...number(pointer));
@@ -2725,7 +2819,7 @@ const makeArray = (scope, decl, global = false, name = '$undeclared', initEmpty
 };
 
 const byteStringable = str => {
-  if (!process.argv.includes('-bytestring')) return false;
+  if (!Prefs.bytestring) return false;
 
   for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
     if (str.charCodeAt(i) > 0xFF) return false;
@@ -2736,7 +2830,7 @@ const byteStringable = str => {
 
 const makeString = (scope, str, global = false, name = '$undeclared', forceBytestring = undefined) => {
   const rawElements = new Array(str.length);
-  let byteStringable = process.argv.includes('-bytestring');
+  let byteStringable = Prefs.bytestring;
   for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
     const c = str.charCodeAt(i);
     rawElements[i] = c;
@@ -2897,7 +2991,7 @@ const objectHack = node => {
     if (!objectName) return node;
 
     const name = '__' + objectName + '_' + node.property.name;
-    if (codeLog) log('codegen', `object hack! ${node.object.name}.${node.property.name} -> ${name}`);
+    if (Prefs.codeLog) log('codegen', `object hack! ${node.object.name}.${node.property.name} -> ${name}`);
 
     return {
       type: 'Identifier',
@@ -2959,6 +3053,8 @@ const generateFunc = (scope, decl) => {
   };
   funcIndex[name] = func.index;
 
+  if (name === 'main') func.gotLastType = true;
+
   // quick hack fixes
   for (const inst of wasm) {
     if (inst[0] === Opcodes.call && inst[1] === -1) {
@@ -3124,7 +3220,7 @@ export default program => {
     body: program.body
   };
 
-  if (process.argv.includes('-ast-log')) console.log(program.body.body);
+  if (Prefs.astLog) console.log(program.body.body);
 
   generateFunc(scope, program);