porffor 0.0.0-650350

package/compiler/codeGen.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2027 @@
+import { Blocktype, Opcodes, Valtype, PageSize, ValtypeSize } from "./wasmSpec.js";
+import { signedLEB128, unsignedLEB128 } from "./encoding.js";
+import { operatorOpcode } from "./expression.js";
+import { BuiltinFuncs, BuiltinVars, importedFuncs, NULL, UNDEFINED } from "./builtins.js";
+import { PrototypeFuncs } from "./prototype.js";
+import { number, i32x4 } from "./embedding.js";
+import parse from "./parse.js";
+
+let globals = {};
+let globalInd = 0;
+let tags = [];
+let funcs = [];
+let exceptions = [];
+let funcIndex = {};
+let currentFuncIndex = importedFuncs.length;
+let builtinFuncs = {}, builtinVars = {}, prototypeFuncs = {};
+
+const debug = str => {
+  const code = [];
+
+  const logChar = n => {
+    code.push(...number(n));
+
+    code.push(Opcodes.call);
+    code.push(...unsignedLEB128(0));
+  };
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    logChar(str.charCodeAt(i));
+  }
+
+  logChar('\n'.charCodeAt(0));
+
+  return code;
+};
+
+const todo = msg => {
+  throw new Error(`todo: ${msg}`);
+
+  const code = [];
+
+  code.push(...debug(`todo! ` + msg));
+  code.push(Opcodes.unreachable);
+
+  return code;
+};
+
+const isFuncType = type => type === 'FunctionDeclaration' || type === 'FunctionExpression' || type === 'ArrowFunctionExpression';
+const generate = (scope, decl, global = false, name = undefined) => {
+  switch (decl.type) {
+    case 'BinaryExpression':
+      return generateBinaryExp(scope, decl, global, name);
+
+    case 'LogicalExpression':
+      return generateLogicExp(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'Identifier':
+      return generateIdent(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'ArrowFunctionExpression':
+    case 'FunctionDeclaration':
+      generateFunc(scope, decl);
+      return [];
+
+    case 'BlockStatement':
+      return generateCode(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'ReturnStatement':
+      return generateReturn(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'ExpressionStatement':
+      return generateExp(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'CallExpression':
+      return generateCall(scope, decl, global, name);
+
+    case 'NewExpression':
+      return generateNew(scope, decl, global, name);
+
+    case 'Literal':
+      return generateLiteral(scope, decl, global, name);
+
+    case 'VariableDeclaration':
+      return generateVar(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'AssignmentExpression':
+      return generateAssign(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'UnaryExpression':
+      return generateUnary(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'UpdateExpression':
+      return generateUpdate(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'IfStatement':
+      return generateIf(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'ForStatement':
+      return generateFor(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'WhileStatement':
+      return generateWhile(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'BreakStatement':
+      return generateBreak(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'ContinueStatement':
+      return generateContinue(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'EmptyStatement':
+      return generateEmpty(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'ConditionalExpression':
+      return generateConditional(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'ThrowStatement':
+      return generateThrow(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'TryStatement':
+      return generateTry(scope, decl);
+
+    case 'DebuggerStatement':
+      // todo: add fancy terminal debugger?
+      return [];
+
+    case 'ArrayExpression':
+      return generateArray(scope, decl, global, name);
+
+    case 'MemberExpression':
+      return generateMember(scope, decl, global, name);
+
+    case 'ExportNamedDeclaration':
+      // hack to flag new func for export
+      const funcsBefore = funcs.length;
+      generate(scope, decl.declaration);
+
+      if (funcsBefore === funcs.length) throw new Error('no new func added in export');
+
+      const newFunc = funcs[funcs.length - 1];
+      newFunc.export = true;
+
+      return [];
+
+    case 'TaggedTemplateExpression':
+      // hack for inline asm
+      if (decl.tag.name !== 'asm') return todo('tagged template expressions not implemented');
+
+      const str = decl.quasi.quasis[0].value.raw;
+      let out = [];
+
+      for (const line of str.split('\n')) {
+        const asm = line.trim().split(';;')[0].split(' ');
+        if (asm[0] === '') continue; // blank
+
+        if (asm[0] === 'local') {
+          const [ name, idx, type ] = asm.slice(1);
+          scope.locals[name] = { idx: parseInt(idx), type: Valtype[type] };
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (asm[0] === 'returns') {
+          scope.returns = asm.slice(1).map(x => Valtype[x]);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (asm[0] === 'memory') {
+          scope.memory = true;
+          allocPage('asm instrinsic');
+          // todo: add to store/load offset insts
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        let inst = Opcodes[asm[0].replace('.', '_')];
+        if (!inst) throw new Error(`inline asm: inst ${asm[0]} not found`);
+
+        if (!Array.isArray(inst)) inst = [ inst ];
+        const immediates = asm.slice(1).map(x => parseInt(x));
+
+        out.push([ ...inst, ...immediates ]);
+      }
+
+      return out;
+
+    default:
+      return todo(`no generation for ${decl.type}!`);
+  }
+};
+
+const mapName = x => {
+  if (!x) return x;
+
+  if (x.startsWith('__globalThis_')) {
+    const key = x.slice('__globalThis_'.length);
+    // hack: this will not work properly
+    return key.includes('_') ? ('__' + key) : key;
+  }
+
+  return x;
+};
+
+const lookupName = (scope, _name) => {
+  const name = mapName(_name);
+
+  let local = scope.locals[name];
+  if (local) return [ local, false ];
+
+  let global = globals[name];
+  if (global) return [ global, true ];
+
+  return [ undefined, undefined ];
+};
+
+const internalThrow = (scope, constructor, message, expectsValue = false) => [
+  ...generateThrow(scope, {
+    argument: {
+      type: 'NewExpression',
+      callee: {
+        name: constructor
+      },
+      arguments: [
+        {
+          value: message
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }),
+  ...(expectsValue ? number(UNDEFINED) : [])
+];
+
+const generateIdent = (scope, decl) => {
+  const lookup = rawName => {
+    const name = mapName(rawName);
+    let local = scope.locals[rawName];
+
+    if (builtinVars[name]) {
+      if (builtinVars[name].floatOnly && valtype[0] === 'i') throw new Error(`Cannot use ${unhackName(name)} with integer valtype`);
+      return builtinVars[name];
+    }
+
+    if (builtinFuncs[name] || internalConstrs[name]) {
+      // todo: return an actual something
+      return number(1);
+    }
+
+    if (local === undefined) {
+      // no local var with name
+      if (importedFuncs.hasOwnProperty(name)) return number(importedFuncs[name]);
+      if (funcIndex[name] !== undefined) return number(funcIndex[name]);
+
+      if (globals[name] !== undefined) return [ [ Opcodes.global_get, globals[name].idx ] ];
+    }
+
+    if (local === undefined && rawName.startsWith('__')) {
+      // return undefined if unknown key in already known var
+      let parent = rawName.slice(2).split('_').slice(0, -1).join('_');
+      if (parent.includes('_')) parent = '__' + parent;
+
+      const parentLookup = lookup(parent);
+      if (!parentLookup[1]) return number(UNDEFINED);
+    }
+
+    if (local === undefined) return internalThrow(scope, 'ReferenceError', `${unhackName(name)} is not defined`, true);
+
+    return [ [ Opcodes.local_get, local.idx ] ];
+  };
+
+  return lookup(decl.name);
+};
+
+const generateReturn = (scope, decl) => {
+  if (decl.argument === null) {
+    if (!scope.returnType) scope.returnType = TYPES.undefined;
+
+    // just bare "return"
+    return [
+      ...number(UNDEFINED), // "undefined" if func returns
+      [ Opcodes.return ]
+    ];
+  }
+
+  if (!scope.returnType) scope.returnType = getNodeType(scope, decl.argument);
+
+  return [
+    ...generate(scope, decl.argument),
+    [ Opcodes.return ]
+  ];
+};
+
+const localTmp = (scope, name, type = valtypeBinary) => {
+  if (scope.locals[name]) return scope.locals[name].idx;
+
+  let idx = scope.localInd++;
+  scope.locals[name] = { idx, type };
+
+  return idx;
+};
+
+const performLogicOp = (scope, op, left, right) => {
+  const checks = {
+    '||': Opcodes.eqz,
+    '&&': [ Opcodes.i32_to ]
+    // todo: ??
+  };
+
+  if (!checks[op]) return todo(`logic operator ${op} not implemented yet`);
+
+  // generic structure for {a} OP {b}
+  // -->
+  // _ = {a}; if (OP_CHECK) {b} else _
+  return [
+    ...left,
+    [ Opcodes.local_tee, localTmp(scope, 'logictmp') ],
+    ...checks[op],
+    [ Opcodes.if, valtypeBinary ],
+    ...right,
+    [ Opcodes.else ],
+    [ Opcodes.local_get, localTmp(scope, 'logictmp') ],
+    [ Opcodes.end ]
+  ];
+};
+
+const concatStrings = (scope, left, right, global, name, assign) => {
+  // todo: this should be rewritten into a built-in/func: String.prototype.concat
+  // todo: convert left and right to strings if not
+  // todo: optimize by looking up names in arrays and using that if exists?
+  // todo: optimize this if using literals/known lengths?
+
+  scope.memory = true;
+
+  const pointer = arrays.get(name ?? '$undeclared');
+
+  const rightPointer = localTmp(scope, 'concat_right_pointer', Valtype.i32);
+  const rightLength = localTmp(scope, 'concat_right_length', Valtype.i32);
+  const leftLength = localTmp(scope, 'concat_left_length', Valtype.i32);
+
+  if (assign) {
+    return [
+      // setup right
+      ...right,
+      Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+      [ Opcodes.local_set, rightPointer ],
+
+      // calculate length
+      ...number(0, Valtype.i32), // base 0 for store later
+
+      ...number(pointer, Valtype.i32),
+      [ Opcodes.i32_load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize[valtype]) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(0) ],
+      [ Opcodes.local_tee, leftLength ],
+
+      [ Opcodes.local_get, rightPointer ],
+      [ Opcodes.i32_load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize[valtype]) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(0) ],
+      [ Opcodes.local_tee, rightLength ],
+
+      [ Opcodes.i32_add ],
+
+      // store length
+      [ Opcodes.i32_store, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(pointer) ],
+
+      // copy right
+      // dst = out pointer + length size + current length * i16 size
+      ...number(pointer + ValtypeSize.i32, Valtype.i32),
+
+      [ Opcodes.local_get, leftLength ],
+      ...number(ValtypeSize.i16, Valtype.i32),
+      [ Opcodes.i32_mul ],
+      [ Opcodes.i32_add ],
+
+      // src = right pointer + length size
+      [ Opcodes.local_get, rightPointer ],
+      ...number(ValtypeSize.i32, Valtype.i32),
+      [ Opcodes.i32_add ],
+
+      // size = right length * i16 size
+      [ Opcodes.local_get, rightLength ],
+      ...number(ValtypeSize.i16, Valtype.i32),
+      [ Opcodes.i32_mul ],
+
+      [ ...Opcodes.memory_copy, 0x00, 0x00 ],
+
+      // return new string (page)
+      ...number(pointer)
+    ];
+  }
+
+  const leftPointer = localTmp(scope, 'concat_left_pointer', Valtype.i32);
+
+  const newOut = makeArray(scope, {
+    rawElements: new Array(0)
+  }, global, name, true, 'i16');
+
+  return [
+    // setup new/out array
+    ...newOut,
+    [ Opcodes.drop ],
+
+    // setup left
+    ...left,
+    Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+    [ Opcodes.local_set, leftPointer ],
+
+    // setup right
+    ...right,
+    Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+    [ Opcodes.local_set, rightPointer ],
+
+    // calculate length
+    ...number(0, Valtype.i32), // base 0 for store later
+
+    [ Opcodes.local_get, leftPointer ],
+    [ Opcodes.i32_load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize[valtype]) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(0) ],
+    [ Opcodes.local_tee, leftLength ],
+
+    [ Opcodes.local_get, rightPointer ],
+    [ Opcodes.i32_load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize[valtype]) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(0) ],
+    [ Opcodes.local_tee, rightLength ],
+
+    [ Opcodes.i32_add ],
+
+    // store length
+    [ Opcodes.i32_store, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(pointer) ],
+
+    // copy left
+    // dst = out pointer + length size
+    ...number(pointer + ValtypeSize.i32, Valtype.i32),
+
+    // src = left pointer + length size
+    [ Opcodes.local_get, leftPointer ],
+    ...number(ValtypeSize.i32, Valtype.i32),
+    [ Opcodes.i32_add ],
+
+    // size = PageSize - length size. we do not need to calculate length as init value
+    ...number(pageSize - ValtypeSize.i32, Valtype.i32),
+    [ ...Opcodes.memory_copy, 0x00, 0x00 ],
+
+    // copy right
+    // dst = out pointer + length size + left length * i16 size
+    ...number(pointer + ValtypeSize.i32, Valtype.i32),
+
+    [ Opcodes.local_get, leftLength ],
+    ...number(ValtypeSize.i16, Valtype.i32),
+    [ Opcodes.i32_mul ],
+    [ Opcodes.i32_add ],
+
+    // src = right pointer + length size
+    [ Opcodes.local_get, rightPointer ],
+    ...number(ValtypeSize.i32, Valtype.i32),
+    [ Opcodes.i32_add ],
+
+    // size = right length * i16 size
+    [ Opcodes.local_get, rightLength ],
+    ...number(ValtypeSize.i16, Valtype.i32),
+    [ Opcodes.i32_mul ],
+
+    [ ...Opcodes.memory_copy, 0x00, 0x00 ],
+
+    // return new string (page)
+    ...number(pointer)
+  ];
+};
+
+const falsy = (scope, wasm, type) => {
+  // arrays are always truthy
+  if (type === TYPES._array) return [
+    ...wasm,
+    [ Opcodes.drop ],
+    number(0)
+  ];
+
+  if (type === TYPES.string) {
+    // if "" (length = 0)
+    return [
+      // pointer
+      ...wasm,
+
+      // get length
+      [ Opcodes.i32_load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, 0 ],
+
+      // if length == 0
+      [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ],
+      Opcodes.i32_from_u
+    ]
+  }
+
+  // if = 0
+  return [
+    ...wasm,
+
+    ...Opcodes.eqz,
+    Opcodes.i32_from_u
+  ];
+};
+
+const truthy = (scope, wasm, type) => {
+  // arrays are always truthy
+  if (type === TYPES._array) return [
+    ...wasm,
+    [ Opcodes.drop ],
+    number(1)
+  ];
+
+  if (type === TYPES.string) {
+    // if not "" (length = 0)
+    return [
+      // pointer
+      ...wasm,
+
+      // get length
+      [ Opcodes.i32_load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, 0 ],
+
+      // if length != 0
+      /* [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ],
+      [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ], */
+      Opcodes.i32_from_u
+    ]
+  }
+
+  // if != 0
+  return [
+    ...wasm,
+
+    /* Opcodes.eqz,
+    [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ],
+    Opcodes.i32_from */
+  ];
+};
+
+const performOp = (scope, op, left, right, leftType, rightType, _global = false, _name = '$unspecified', assign = false) => {
+  if (op === '||' || op === '&&' || op === '??') {
+    return performLogicOp(scope, op, left, right);
+  }
+
+  if (leftType === TYPES.string || rightType === TYPES.string) {
+    if (op === '+') {
+      // string concat (a + b)
+      return concatStrings(scope, left, right, _global, _name, assign);
+    }
+
+    // any other math op, NaN
+    if (!['==', '===', '!=', '!==', '>', '>=', '<', '<='].includes(op)) return number(NaN);
+
+    // else leave bool ops
+    // todo: convert string to number if string and number or le/ge op
+    // todo: string equality
+  }
+
+  let ops = operatorOpcode[valtype][op];
+
+  // some complex ops are implemented as builtin funcs
+  const builtinName = `${valtype}_${op}`;
+  if (!ops && builtinFuncs[builtinName]) {
+    includeBuiltin(scope, builtinName);
+    const idx = funcIndex[builtinName];
+
+    return [
+      ...left,
+      ...right,
+      [ Opcodes.call, idx ]
+    ];
+  }
+
+  if (!ops) return todo(`operator ${op} not implemented yet`); // throw new Error(`unknown operator ${op}`);
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(ops)) ops = [ ops ];
+
+  return [
+    ...left,
+    ...right,
+    ops
+  ];
+};
+
+const generateBinaryExp = (scope, decl, _global, _name) => {
+  const out = [
+    ...performOp(scope, decl.operator, generate(scope, decl.left), generate(scope, decl.right), getNodeType(scope, decl.left), getNodeType(scope, decl.right), _global, _name)
+  ];
+
+  if (valtype !== 'i32' && ['==', '===', '!=', '!==', '>', '>=', '<', '<='].includes(decl.operator)) out.push(Opcodes.i32_from_u);
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const asmFunc = (name, { wasm, params, locals: localTypes, globals: globalTypes = [], globalInits, returns, returnType, memory, localNames = [], globalNames = [] }) => {
+  const existing = funcs.find(x => x.name === name);
+  if (existing) return existing;
+
+  const nameParam = i => localNames[i] ?? (i >= params.length ? ['a', 'b', 'c'][i - params.length] : ['x', 'y', 'z'][i]);
+
+  const allLocals = params.concat(localTypes);
+  const locals = {};
+  for (let i = 0; i < allLocals.length; i++) {
+    locals[nameParam(i)] = { idx: i, type: allLocals[i] };
+  }
+
+  let baseGlobalIdx, i = 0;
+  for (const type of globalTypes) {
+    if (baseGlobalIdx === undefined) baseGlobalIdx = globalInd;
+
+    globals[globalNames[i] ?? `${name}_global_${i}`] = { idx: globalInd++, type, init: globalInits[i] ?? 0 };
+    i++;
+  }
+
+  if (globalTypes.length !== 0) {
+    // offset global ops for base global idx
+    for (const inst of wasm) {
+      if (inst[0] === Opcodes.global_get || inst[0] === Opcodes.global_set) {
+        inst[1] += baseGlobalIdx;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const func = {
+    name,
+    params,
+    locals,
+    returns,
+    returnType: TYPES[returnType ?? 'number'],
+    wasm,
+    memory,
+    internal: true,
+    index: currentFuncIndex++
+  };
+
+  funcs.push(func);
+  funcIndex[name] = func.index;
+
+  return func;
+};
+
+const includeBuiltin = (scope, builtin) => {
+  const code = builtinFuncs[builtin];
+  if (code.wasm) return asmFunc(builtin, code);
+
+  return code.body.map(x => generate(scope, x));
+};
+
+const generateLogicExp = (scope, decl) => {
+  return performLogicOp(scope, decl.operator, generate(scope, decl.left), generate(scope, decl.right));
+};
+
+const TYPES = {
+  number: 0xffffffffffff0,
+  boolean: 0xffffffffffff1,
+  string: 0xffffffffffff2,
+  undefined: 0xffffffffffff3,
+  object: 0xffffffffffff4,
+  function: 0xffffffffffff5,
+  symbol: 0xffffffffffff6,
+  bigint: 0xffffffffffff7,
+
+  // these are not "typeof" types but tracked internally
+  _array: 0xffffffffffff8
+};
+
+const TYPE_NAMES = {
+  [TYPES.number]: 'Number',
+  [TYPES.boolean]: 'Boolean',
+  [TYPES.string]: 'String',
+  [TYPES.undefined]: 'undefined',
+  [TYPES.object]: 'Object',
+  [TYPES.function]: 'Function',
+  [TYPES.symbol]: 'Symbol',
+  [TYPES.bigint]: 'BigInt',
+
+  [TYPES._array]: 'Array'
+};
+
+let typeStates = {};
+
+const getType = (scope, _name) => {
+  const name = mapName(_name);
+  if (scope.locals[name]) return typeStates[name];
+
+  if (builtinVars[name]) return TYPES[builtinVars[name].type ?? 'number'];
+  if (builtinFuncs[name] !== undefined || importedFuncs[name] !== undefined || funcIndex[name] !== undefined || internalConstrs[name] !== undefined) return TYPES.function;
+  if (globals[name]) return typeStates[name];
+
+  if (name.startsWith('__Array_prototype_') && prototypeFuncs[TYPES._array][name.slice(18)]) return TYPES.function;
+  if (name.startsWith('__String_prototype_') && prototypeFuncs[TYPES.string][name.slice(19)]) return TYPES.function;
+
+  return TYPES.undefined;
+};
+
+const getNodeType = (scope, node) => {
+  if (node.type === 'Literal') {
+    return TYPES[typeof node.value];
+  }
+
+  if (isFuncType(node.type)) {
+    return TYPES.function;
+  }
+
+  if (node.type === 'Identifier') {
+    return getType(scope, node.name);
+  }
+
+  if (node.type === 'CallExpression' || node.type === 'NewExpression') {
+    const name = node.callee.name;
+    const func = funcs.find(x => x.name === name);
+    if (func) return func.returnType ?? TYPES.number;
+
+    if (builtinFuncs[name]) return TYPES[builtinFuncs[name].returnType ?? 'number'];
+    if (internalConstrs[name]) return internalConstrs[name].type;
+
+    let protoFunc;
+    // ident.func()
+    if (name && name.startsWith('__')) {
+      const spl = name.slice(2).split('_');
+
+      const baseName = spl.slice(0, -1).join('_');
+      const baseType = getType(scope, baseName);
+
+      const func = spl[spl.length - 1];
+      protoFunc = prototypeFuncs[baseType]?.[func];
+    }
+
+    // literal.func()
+    if (!name && node.callee.type === 'MemberExpression') {
+      const baseType = getNodeType(scope, node.callee.object);
+
+      const func = node.callee.property.name;
+      protoFunc = prototypeFuncs[baseType]?.[func];
+    }
+
+    if (protoFunc) return protoFunc.returnType ?? TYPES.number;
+
+    return TYPES.number;
+  }
+
+  if (node.type === 'ExpressionStatement') {
+    return getNodeType(scope, node.expression);
+  }
+
+  if (node.type === 'AssignmentExpression') {
+    return getNodeType(scope, node.right);
+  }
+
+  if (node.type === 'ArrayExpression') {
+    return TYPES._array;
+  }
+
+  if (node.type === 'BinaryExpression') {
+    if (['==', '===', '!=', '!==', '>', '>=', '<', '<='].includes(node.operator)) return TYPES.boolean;
+
+    if (node.operator === '+' && (getNodeType(scope, node.left) === TYPES.string || getNodeType(scope, node.right) === TYPES.string)) return TYPES.string;
+  }
+
+  if (node.type === 'UnaryExpression') {
+    if (node.operator === '!') return TYPES.boolean;
+    if (node.operator === 'void') return TYPES.undefined;
+    if (node.operator === 'delete') return TYPES.boolean;
+  }
+
+  if (node.type === 'MemberExpression') {
+    const objectType = getNodeType(scope, node.object);
+
+    if (objectType === TYPES.string && node.computed) return TYPES.string;
+  }
+
+  // default to number
+  return TYPES.number;
+};
+
+const generateLiteral = (scope, decl, global, name) => {
+  if (decl.value === null) return number(NULL);
+
+  switch (typeof decl.value) {
+    case 'number':
+      return number(decl.value);
+
+    case 'boolean':
+      // hack: bool as int (1/0)
+      return number(decl.value ? 1 : 0);
+
+    case 'string':
+      // this is a terrible hack which changes type strings ("number" etc) to known const number values
+      switch (decl.value) {
+        case 'number': return number(TYPES.number);
+        case 'boolean': return number(TYPES.boolean);
+        case 'string': return number(TYPES.string);
+        case 'undefined': return number(TYPES.undefined);
+        case 'object': return number(TYPES.object);
+        case 'function': return number(TYPES.function);
+        case 'symbol': return number(TYPES.symbol);
+        case 'bigint': return number(TYPES.bigint);
+      }
+
+      const str = decl.value;
+      const rawElements = new Array(str.length);
+      for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+        rawElements[i] = str.charCodeAt(i);
+      }
+
+      return makeArray(scope, {
+        rawElements
+      }, global, name, false, 'i16');
+
+    default:
+      return todo(`cannot generate literal of type ${typeof decl.value}`);
+  }
+};
+
+const countLeftover = wasm => {
+  let count = 0, depth = 0;
+
+  for (const inst of wasm) {
+    if (depth === 0 && (inst[0] === Opcodes.if || inst[0] === Opcodes.block || inst[0] === Opcodes.loop)) {
+      if (inst[0] === Opcodes.if) count--;
+      if (inst[1] !== Blocktype.void) count++;
+    }
+    if ([Opcodes.if, Opcodes.try, Opcodes.loop, Opcodes.block].includes(inst[0])) depth++;
+    if (inst[0] === Opcodes.end) depth--;
+
+    if (depth === 0)
+      if ([Opcodes.throw, Opcodes.return, Opcodes.drop, Opcodes.local_set, Opcodes.global_set].includes(inst[0])) count--;
+        else if ([null, Opcodes.i32_eqz, Opcodes.i64_eqz, Opcodes.f64_ceil, Opcodes.f64_floor, Opcodes.f64_trunc, Opcodes.f64_nearest, Opcodes.f64_sqrt, Opcodes.local_tee, Opcodes.i32_wrap_i64, Opcodes.i64_extend_i32_s, Opcodes.i64_extend_i32_u, Opcodes.f32_demote_f64, Opcodes.f64_promote_f32, Opcodes.f64_convert_i32_s, Opcodes.f64_convert_i32_u, Opcodes.i32_clz, Opcodes.i32_ctz, Opcodes.i32_popcnt, Opcodes.f64_neg, Opcodes.end, Opcodes.i32_trunc_sat_f64_s[0], Opcodes.i32x4_extract_lane, Opcodes.i16x8_extract_lane, Opcodes.i32_load, Opcodes.i64_load, Opcodes.f64_load, Opcodes.v128_load, Opcodes.i32_load16_u, Opcodes.i32_load16_s, Opcodes.memory_grow].includes(inst[0]) && (inst[0] !== 0xfc || inst[1] < 0x0a)) {}
+        else if ([Opcodes.local_get, Opcodes.global_get, Opcodes.f64_const, Opcodes.i32_const, Opcodes.i64_const, Opcodes.v128_const].includes(inst[0])) count++;
+        else if ([Opcodes.i32_store, Opcodes.i64_store, Opcodes.f64_store, Opcodes.i32_store16].includes(inst[0])) count -= 2;
+        else if (Opcodes.memory_copy[0] === inst[0] && Opcodes.memory_copy[1] === inst[1]) count -= 3;
+        else if (inst[0] === Opcodes.call) {
+          let func = funcs.find(x => x.index === inst[1]);
+          if (func) {
+            count -= func.params.length;
+          } else count--;
+          if (func) count += func.returns.length;
+        } else count--;
+  }
+
+  return count;
+};
+
+const disposeLeftover = wasm => {
+  let leftover = countLeftover(wasm);
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < leftover; i++) wasm.push([ Opcodes.drop ]);
+};
+
+const generateExp = (scope, decl) => {
+  const expression = decl.expression;
+
+  const out = generate(scope, expression);
+  disposeLeftover(out);
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const arrayUtil = {
+  getLengthI32: pointer => [
+    ...number(0, Valtype.i32),
+    [ Opcodes.i32_load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(pointer) ]
+  ],
+
+  getLength: pointer => [
+    ...number(0, Valtype.i32),
+    [ Opcodes.i32_load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(pointer) ],
+    Opcodes.i32_from_u
+  ],
+
+  setLengthI32: (pointer, value) => [
+    ...number(0, Valtype.i32),
+    ...value,
+    [ Opcodes.i32_store, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(pointer) ]
+  ],
+
+  setLength: (pointer, value) => [
+    ...number(0, Valtype.i32),
+    ...value,
+    Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+    [ Opcodes.i32_store, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(pointer) ]
+  ]
+};
+
+const generateCall = (scope, decl, _global, _name) => {
+  /* const callee = decl.callee;
+  const args = decl.arguments;
+
+  return [
+    ...generate(args),
+    ...generate(callee),
+    Opcodes.call_indirect,
+  ]; */
+
+  let name = mapName(decl.callee.name);
+  if (isFuncType(decl.callee.type)) { // iife
+    const func = generateFunc(scope, decl.callee);
+    name = func.name;
+  }
+
+  if (name === 'eval' && decl.arguments[0].type === 'Literal') {
+    // literal eval hack
+    const code = decl.arguments[0].value;
+    const parsed = parse(code, []);
+
+    const out = generate(scope, {
+      type: 'BlockStatement',
+      body: parsed.body
+    });
+
+    const lastInst = out[out.length - 1];
+    if (lastInst && lastInst[0] === Opcodes.drop) {
+      out.splice(out.length - 1, 1);
+    } else if (countLeftover(out) === 0) {
+      out.push(...number(UNDEFINED));
+    }
+
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  let out = [];
+  let protoFunc, protoName, baseType, baseName = '$undeclared';
+  // ident.func()
+  if (name && name.startsWith('__')) {
+    const spl = name.slice(2).split('_');
+
+    baseName = spl.slice(0, -1).join('_');
+    baseType = getType(scope, baseName);
+
+    const func = spl[spl.length - 1];
+    protoFunc = prototypeFuncs[baseType]?.[func] ?? Object.values(prototypeFuncs).map(x => x[func]).find(x => x);
+    protoName = func;
+  }
+
+  // literal.func()
+  if (!name && decl.callee.type === 'MemberExpression') {
+    baseType = getNodeType(scope, decl.callee.object);
+
+    const func = decl.callee.property.name;
+    protoFunc = prototypeFuncs[baseType]?.[func] ?? Object.values(prototypeFuncs).map(x => x[func]).find(x => x);
+    protoName = func;
+
+    out = generate(scope, decl.callee.object);
+    out.push([ Opcodes.drop ]);
+  }
+
+  if (protoFunc) {
+    scope.memory = true;
+
+    let pointer = arrays.get(baseName);
+
+    if (pointer == null) {
+      // unknown dynamic pointer, so clone to new pointer which we know aot. now that's what I call inefficient™
+      if (codeLog) log('codegen', 'cloning unknown dynamic pointer');
+
+      // register array
+      makeArray(scope, {
+        rawElements: new Array(0)
+      }, _global, baseName, true, baseType === TYPES.string ? 'i16' : valtype);
+      pointer = arrays.get(baseName);
+
+      const [ local, isGlobal ] = lookupName(scope, baseName);
+
+      out = [
+        // clone to new pointer
+        ...number(pointer, Valtype.i32), // dst = new pointer
+        [ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_get : Opcodes.local_get, local.idx ], // src = unknown pointer
+        Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+        ...number(pageSize, Valtype.i32), // size = pagesize
+
+        [ ...Opcodes.memory_copy, 0x00, 0x00 ],
+      ];
+    }
+
+    if (protoFunc.noArgRetLength && decl.arguments.length === 0) return arrayUtil.getLength(pointer)
+
+    let protoLocal = protoFunc.local ? localTmp(scope, `__${TYPE_NAMES[baseType]}_${protoName}_tmp`, protoFunc.local) : -1;
+
+    // use local for cached i32 length as commonly used
+    let lengthLocal = localTmp(scope, '__proto_length_cache', Valtype.i32);
+
+    return [
+      ...out,
+
+      ...arrayUtil.getLengthI32(pointer),
+      [ Opcodes.local_set, lengthLocal ],
+
+      [ Opcodes.block, valtypeBinary ],
+      ...protoFunc(pointer, {
+        cachedI32: [ [ Opcodes.local_get, lengthLocal ] ],
+        get: arrayUtil.getLength(pointer),
+        getI32: arrayUtil.getLengthI32(pointer),
+        set: value => arrayUtil.setLength(pointer, value),
+        setI32: value => arrayUtil.setLengthI32(pointer, value)
+      }, generate(scope, decl.arguments[0] ?? DEFAULT_VALUE), protoLocal, (length, itemType) => {
+        const out = makeArray(scope, {
+          rawElements: new Array(length)
+        }, _global, _name, true, itemType);
+        return [ out, arrays.get(_name ?? '$undeclared') ];
+      }),
+      [ Opcodes.end ]
+    ];
+  }
+
+  // TODO: only allows callee as literal
+  if (!name) return todo(`only literal callees (got ${decl.callee.type})`);
+
+  let idx = funcIndex[name] ?? importedFuncs[name];
+  if (idx === undefined && builtinFuncs[name]) {
+    if (builtinFuncs[name].floatOnly && valtype !== 'f64') throw new Error(`Cannot use built-in ${unhackName(name)} with integer valtype`);
+
+    includeBuiltin(scope, name);
+    idx = funcIndex[name];
+
+    // infer arguments types from builtins params
+    const func = funcs.find(x => x.name === name);
+    for (let i = 0; i < decl.arguments.length; i++) {
+      const arg = decl.arguments[i];
+      if (!arg.name) continue;
+
+      const local = scope.locals[arg.name];
+      if (!local) continue;
+
+      local.type = func.params[i];
+      if (local.type === Valtype.v128) {
+        // specify vec subtype inferred from last vec type in function name
+        local.vecType = name.split('_').reverse().find(x => x.includes('x'));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (idx === undefined && internalConstrs[name]) return internalConstrs[name].generate(scope, decl, _global, _name);
+
+  if (idx === undefined && name === scope.name) {
+    // hack: calling self, func generator will fix later
+    idx = -1;
+  }
+
+  if (idx === undefined) {
+    if (scope.locals[name] !== undefined || globals[name] !== undefined || builtinVars[name] !== undefined) return internalThrow(scope, 'TypeError', `${unhackName(name)} is not a function`);
+    return internalThrow(scope, 'ReferenceError', `${unhackName(name)} is not defined`);
+  }
+
+  const func = funcs.find(x => x.index === idx);
+
+  let args = decl.arguments;
+  if (func && args.length < func.params.length) {
+    // too little args, push undefineds
+    args = args.concat(new Array(func.params.length - args.length).fill(DEFAULT_VALUE));
+  }
+
+  if (func && args.length > func.params.length) {
+    // too many args, slice extras off
+    args = args.slice(0, func.params.length);
+  }
+
+  if (func && func.memory) scope.memory = true;
+  if (func && func.throws) scope.throws = true;
+
+  for (const arg of args) {
+    out.push(...generate(scope, arg));
+  }
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.call, idx ]);
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const generateNew = (scope, decl, _global, _name) => {
+  // hack: basically treat this as a normal call for builtins for now
+  const name = mapName(decl.callee.name);
+  if (internalConstrs[name]) return internalConstrs[name].generate(scope, decl, _global, _name);
+  if (!builtinFuncs[name]) return todo(`new statement is not supported yet (new ${unhackName(name)})`);
+
+  return generateCall(scope, decl, _global, _name);
+};
+
+// bad hack for undefined and null working without additional logic
+const DEFAULT_VALUE = {
+  type: 'Identifier',
+  name: 'undefined'
+};
+
+const unhackName = name => {
+  if (name.startsWith('__')) return name.slice(2).replaceAll('_', '.');
+  return name;
+};
+
+const generateVar = (scope, decl) => {
+  const out = [];
+
+  const topLevel = scope.name === 'main';
+
+  // global variable if in top scope (main) and var ..., or if wanted
+  const global = decl.kind === 'var';
+  const target = global ? globals : scope.locals;
+
+  for (const x of decl.declarations) {
+    const name = mapName(x.id.name);
+
+    if (x.init && isFuncType(x.init.type)) {
+      // hack for let a = function () { ... }
+      x.init.id = { name };
+      generateFunc(scope, x.init);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // console.log(name);
+    if (topLevel && builtinVars[name]) {
+      // cannot redeclare
+      if (decl.kind !== 'var') return internalThrow(scope, 'SyntaxError', `Identifier '${unhackName(name)}' has already been declared`);
+
+      continue; // always ignore
+    }
+
+    let idx;
+    // already declared
+    if (target[name]) {
+      // parser should catch this but sanity check anyway
+      if (decl.kind !== 'var') return internalThrow(scope, 'SyntaxError', `Identifier '${unhackName(name)}' has already been declared`);
+
+      idx = target[name].idx;
+    } else {
+      idx = global ? globalInd++ : scope.localInd++;
+      target[name] = { idx, type: valtypeBinary };
+    }
+
+    typeStates[name] = x.init ? getNodeType(scope, x.init) : TYPES.undefined;
+
+    // x.init ??= DEFAULT_VALUE;
+    if (x.init) {
+      out.push(...generate(scope, x.init, global, name));
+
+      // if our value is the result of a function, infer the type from that func's return value
+      if (out[out.length - 1][0] === Opcodes.call) {
+        const ind = out[out.length - 1][1];
+        if (ind >= importedFuncs.length) { // not an imported func
+          const func = funcs.find(x => x.index === ind);
+          if (!func) throw new Error('could not find func being called as var value to infer type'); // sanity check
+
+          const returns = func.returns;
+          if (returns.length > 1) throw new Error('func returning >1 value being set as 1 local'); // sanity check
+
+          target[name].type = func.returns[0];
+          if (target[name].type === Valtype.v128) {
+            // specify vec subtype inferred from first vec type in function name
+            target[name].vecType = func.name.split('_').find(x => x.includes('x'));
+          }
+        } else {
+          // we do not have imports that return yet, ignore for now
+        }
+      }
+
+      out.push([ global ? Opcodes.global_set : Opcodes.local_set, idx ]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const generateAssign = (scope, decl) => {
+  const { type, name } = decl.left;
+
+  if (type === 'ObjectPattern') {
+    // hack: ignore object parts of `var a = {} = 2`
+    return generate(scope, decl.right);
+  }
+
+  if (isFuncType(decl.right.type)) {
+    // hack for a = function () { ... }
+    decl.right.id = { name };
+    generateFunc(scope, decl.right);
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  // hack: .length setter
+  if (decl.left.type === 'MemberExpression' && decl.left.property.name === 'length') {
+    const name = decl.left.object.name;
+    const pointer = arrays.get(name);
+
+    scope.memory = true;
+
+    const aotPointer = pointer != null;
+
+    const newValueTmp = localTmp(scope, '__length_setter_tmp');
+
+    return [
+      ...(aotPointer ? number(0, Valtype.i32) : [
+        ...generate(scope, decl.left.object),
+        Opcodes.i32_to_u
+      ]),
+
+      ...generate(scope, decl.right, false, name),
+      [ Opcodes.local_tee, newValueTmp ],
+
+      Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+      [ Opcodes.i32_store, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(aotPointer ? pointer : 0) ],
+
+      [ Opcodes.local_get, newValueTmp ]
+    ];
+  }
+
+  const [ local, isGlobal ] = lookupName(scope, name);
+
+  if (local === undefined) {
+    // todo: this should be a devtools/repl/??? only thing
+
+    // only allow = for this
+    if (decl.operator !== '=') return internalThrow(scope, 'ReferenceError', `${unhackName(name)} is not defined`);
+
+    if (builtinVars[name]) {
+      // just return rhs (eg `NaN = 2`)
+      return generate(scope, decl.right);
+    }
+
+    // set global and return (eg a = 2)
+    return [
+      ...generateVar(scope, { kind: 'var', declarations: [ { id: { name }, init: decl.right } ] }),
+      [ Opcodes.global_get, globals[name].idx ]
+    ];
+  }
+
+  if (decl.operator === '=') {
+    typeStates[name] = getNodeType(scope, decl.right);
+
+    return [
+      ...generate(scope, decl.right, isGlobal, name),
+      [ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_set : Opcodes.local_set, local.idx ],
+      [ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_get : Opcodes.local_get, local.idx ]
+    ];
+  }
+
+  return [
+    ...performOp(scope, decl.operator.slice(0, -1), [ [ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_get : Opcodes.local_get, local.idx ] ], generate(scope, decl.right), getType(scope, name), getNodeType(scope, decl.right), isGlobal, name, true),
+    [ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_set : Opcodes.local_set, local.idx ],
+    [ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_get : Opcodes.local_get, local.idx ]
+  ];
+};
+
+const generateUnary = (scope, decl) => {
+  switch (decl.operator) {
+    case '+':
+      // stub
+      return generate(scope, decl.argument);
+
+    case '-':
+      // * -1
+
+      if (decl.prefix && decl.argument.type === 'Literal' && typeof decl.argument.value === 'number') {
+        // if -<N>, just return that
+        return number(-1 * decl.argument.value);
+      }
+
+      return [
+        ...generate(scope, decl.argument),
+        ...(valtype === 'f64' ? [ [ Opcodes.f64_neg ] ] : [ ...number(-1), [ Opcodes.mul ] ])
+      ];
+
+    case '!':
+      // !=
+      return falsy(scope, generate(scope, decl.argument));
+
+    case '~':
+      return [
+        ...generate(scope, decl.argument),
+        Opcodes.i32_to,
+        [ Opcodes.i32_const, signedLEB128(-1) ],
+        [ Opcodes.i32_xor ],
+        Opcodes.i32_from
+      ];
+
+    case 'void': {
+      // drop current expression value after running, give undefined
+      const out = generate(scope, decl.argument);
+      disposeLeftover(out);
+
+      out.push(...number(UNDEFINED));
+      return out;
+    }
+
+    case 'delete':
+      let toReturn = true, toGenerate = true;
+
+      if (decl.argument.type === 'Identifier') {
+        const out = generateIdent(scope, decl.argument);
+
+        // if ReferenceError (undeclared var), ignore and return true. otherwise false
+        if (!out[1]) {
+          // exists
+          toReturn = false;
+        } else {
+          // does not exist (2 ops from throw)
+          toReturn = true;
+          toGenerate = false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const out = toGenerate ? generate(scope, decl.argument) : [];
+      disposeLeftover(out);
+
+      out.push(...number(toReturn ? 1 : 0));
+      return out;
+
+    case 'typeof':
+      const type = getNodeType(scope, decl.argument);
+
+      // for custom types, just return object
+      if (type > 0xffffffffffff7) return number(TYPES.object);
+      return number(type);
+
+    default:
+      return todo(`unary operator ${decl.operator} not implemented yet`);
+  }
+};
+
+const generateUpdate = (scope, decl) => {
+  const { name } = decl.argument;
+
+  const [ local, isGlobal ] = lookupName(scope, name);
+
+  if (local === undefined) {
+    return todo(`update expression with undefined variable`);
+  }
+
+  const idx = local.idx;
+  const out = [];
+
+  out.push([ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_get : Opcodes.local_get, idx ]);
+  if (!decl.prefix) out.push([ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_get : Opcodes.local_get, idx ]);
+
+  switch (decl.operator) {
+    case '++':
+      out.push(...number(1), [ Opcodes.add ]);
+      break;
+
+    case '--':
+      out.push(...number(1), [ Opcodes.sub ]);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  out.push([ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_set : Opcodes.local_set, idx ]);
+  if (decl.prefix) out.push([ isGlobal ? Opcodes.global_get : Opcodes.local_get, idx ]);
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const generateIf = (scope, decl) => {
+  const out = truthy(scope, generate(scope, decl.test), decl.test);
+
+  out.push(Opcodes.i32_to, [ Opcodes.if, Blocktype.void ]);
+  depth.push('if');
+
+  const consOut = generate(scope, decl.consequent);
+  disposeLeftover(consOut);
+  out.push(...consOut);
+
+  if (decl.alternate) {
+    out.push([ Opcodes.else ]);
+
+    const altOut = generate(scope, decl.alternate);
+    disposeLeftover(altOut);
+    out.push(...altOut);
+  }
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.end ]);
+  depth.pop();
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const generateConditional = (scope, decl) => {
+  const out = [ ...generate(scope, decl.test) ];
+
+  out.push(Opcodes.i32_to, [ Opcodes.if, valtypeBinary ]);
+  depth.push('if');
+
+  out.push(...generate(scope, decl.consequent));
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.else ]);
+  out.push(...generate(scope, decl.alternate));
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.end ]);
+  depth.pop();
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+let depth = [];
+const generateFor = (scope, decl) => {
+  const out = [];
+
+  if (decl.init) {
+    out.push(...generate(scope, decl.init));
+    disposeLeftover(out);
+  }
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.loop, Blocktype.void ]);
+  depth.push('for');
+
+  out.push(...generate(scope, decl.test));
+  out.push(Opcodes.i32_to, [ Opcodes.if, Blocktype.void ]);
+  depth.push('if');
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.block, Blocktype.void ]);
+  depth.push('block');
+  out.push(...generate(scope, decl.body));
+  out.push([ Opcodes.end ]);
+
+  out.push(...generate(scope, decl.update));
+  depth.pop();
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.br, 1 ]);
+  out.push([ Opcodes.end ], [ Opcodes.end ]);
+  depth.pop(); depth.pop();
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const generateWhile = (scope, decl) => {
+  const out = [];
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.loop, Blocktype.void ]);
+  depth.push('while');
+
+  out.push(...generate(scope, decl.test));
+  out.push(Opcodes.i32_to, [ Opcodes.if, Blocktype.void ]);
+  depth.push('if');
+
+  out.push(...generate(scope, decl.body));
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.br, 1 ]);
+  out.push([ Opcodes.end ], [ Opcodes.end ]);
+  depth.pop(); depth.pop();
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const getNearestLoop = () => {
+  for (let i = depth.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    if (depth[i] === 'while' || depth[i] === 'for') return i;
+  }
+
+  return -1;
+};
+
+const generateBreak = (scope, decl) => {
+  const nearestLoop = depth.length - getNearestLoop();
+  return [
+    [ Opcodes.br, ...signedLEB128(nearestLoop - 2) ]
+  ];
+};
+
+const generateContinue = (scope, decl) => {
+  const nearestLoop = depth.length - getNearestLoop();
+  return [
+    [ Opcodes.br, ...signedLEB128(nearestLoop - 3) ]
+  ];
+};
+
+const generateThrow = (scope, decl) => {
+  scope.throws = true;
+
+  let message = decl.argument.value, constructor = null;
+
+  // hack: throw new X("...") -> throw "..."
+  if (!message && (decl.argument.type === 'NewExpression' || decl.argument.type === 'CallExpression')) {
+    constructor = decl.argument.callee.name;
+    message = decl.argument.arguments[0].value;
+  }
+
+  if (tags.length === 0) tags.push({
+    params: [ Valtype.i32 ],
+    results: [],
+    idx: tags.length
+  });
+
+  let exceptId = exceptions.push({ constructor, message }) - 1;
+  let tagIdx = tags[0].idx;
+
+  // todo: write a description of how this works lol
+
+  return [
+    [ Opcodes.i32_const, signedLEB128(exceptId) ],
+    [ Opcodes.throw, tagIdx ]
+  ];
+};
+
+const generateTry = (scope, decl) => {
+  if (decl.finalizer) return todo('try finally not implemented yet');
+
+  const out = [];
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.try, Blocktype.void ]);
+  depth.push('try');
+
+  out.push(...generate(scope, decl.block));
+
+  if (decl.handler) {
+    depth.pop();
+    depth.push('catch');
+
+    out.push([ Opcodes.catch_all ]);
+    out.push(...generate(scope, decl.handler.body));
+  }
+
+  out.push([ Opcodes.end ]);
+  depth.pop();
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const generateEmpty = (scope, decl) => {
+  return [];
+};
+
+const generateAssignPat = (scope, decl) => {
+  // TODO
+  // if identifier declared, use that
+  // else, use default (right)
+  return todo('assignment pattern (optional arg)');
+};
+
+let pages = new Map();
+const allocPage = reason => {
+  if (pages.has(reason)) return pages.get(reason);
+
+  let ind = pages.size;
+  pages.set(reason, ind);
+
+  if (codeLog) log('codegen', `allocated new page of memory (${ind}) | ${reason}`);
+
+  return ind;
+};
+
+const itemTypeToValtype = {
+  i32: 'i32',
+  i64: 'i64',
+  f64: 'f64',
+
+  i8: 'i32',
+  i16: 'i32'
+};
+
+const storeOps = {
+  i32: Opcodes.i32_store,
+  i64: Opcodes.i64_store,
+  f64: Opcodes.f64_store,
+
+  // expects i32 input!
+  i16: Opcodes.i32_store16
+};
+
+const makeArray = (scope, decl, global = false, name = '$undeclared', initEmpty = false, itemType = valtype) => {
+  const out = [];
+
+  if (!arrays.has(name) || name === '$undeclared') {
+    // todo: can we just have 1 undeclared array? probably not? but this is not really memory efficient
+    const uniqueName = name === '$undeclared' ? name + Math.random().toString().slice(2) : name;
+    arrays.set(name, allocPage(`${itemType === 'i16' ? 'string' : 'array'}: ${uniqueName}`) * pageSize);
+  }
+
+  const pointer = arrays.get(name);
+
+  const useRawElements = !!decl.rawElements;
+  const elements = useRawElements ? decl.rawElements : decl.elements;
+
+  const length = elements.length;
+
+  // store length as 0th array
+  out.push(
+    ...number(0, Valtype.i32),
+    ...number(length, Valtype.i32),
+    [ Opcodes.i32_store, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(pointer) ]
+  );
+
+  const storeOp = storeOps[itemType];
+  const valtype = itemTypeToValtype[itemType];
+
+  if (!initEmpty) for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    if (elements[i] == null) continue;
+
+    out.push(
+      ...number(0, Valtype.i32),
+      ...(useRawElements ? number(elements[i], Valtype[valtype]) : generate(scope, elements[i])),
+      [ storeOp, Math.log2(ValtypeSize[itemType]) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(pointer + ValtypeSize.i32 + i * ValtypeSize[itemType]) ]
+    );
+  }
+
+  // local value as pointer
+  out.push(...number(pointer));
+
+  scope.memory = true;
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+let arrays = new Map();
+const generateArray = (scope, decl, global = false, name = '$undeclared', initEmpty = false) => {
+  return makeArray(scope, decl, global, name, initEmpty, valtype);
+};
+
+export const generateMember = (scope, decl, _global, _name) => {
+  const type = getNodeType(scope, decl.object);
+
+  // hack: .length
+  if (decl.property.name === 'length') {
+    // if (![TYPES._array, TYPES.string].includes(type)) return number(UNDEFINED);
+
+    const name = decl.object.name;
+    const pointer = arrays.get(name);
+
+    scope.memory = true;
+
+    const aotPointer = pointer != null;
+
+    return [
+      ...(aotPointer ? number(0, Valtype.i32) : [
+        ...generate(scope, decl.object),
+        Opcodes.i32_to_u
+      ]),
+
+      [ Opcodes.i32_load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128((aotPointer ? pointer : 0)) ],
+      Opcodes.i32_from_u
+    ];
+  }
+
+  // this is just for arr[ind] for now. objects are partially supported via object hack (a.b -> __a_b)
+  if (![TYPES._array, TYPES.string].includes(type)) return todo(`computed member expression for objects are not supported yet`);
+
+  const name = decl.object.name;
+  const pointer = arrays.get(name);
+
+  scope.memory = true;
+
+  const aotPointer = pointer != null;
+
+  if (type === TYPES._array) {
+    return [
+      // get index as valtype
+      ...generate(scope, decl.property),
+
+      // convert to i32 and turn into byte offset by * valtypeSize (4 for i32, 8 for i64/f64)
+      Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+      ...number(ValtypeSize[valtype], Valtype.i32),
+      [ Opcodes.i32_mul ],
+
+      ...(aotPointer ? [] : [
+        ...generate(scope, decl.object),
+        Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+        [ Opcodes.i32_add ]
+      ]),
+
+      // read from memory
+      [ Opcodes.load, Math.log2(ValtypeSize[valtype]) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128((aotPointer ? pointer : 0) + ValtypeSize.i32) ]
+    ];
+  }
+
+  // string
+
+  const newOut = makeArray(scope, {
+    rawElements: new Array(1)
+  }, _global, _name, true, 'i16');
+  const newPointer = arrays.get(_name ?? '$undeclared');
+
+  return [
+    // setup new/out array
+    ...newOut,
+    [ Opcodes.drop ],
+
+    ...number(0, Valtype.i32), // base 0 for store later
+
+    ...generate(scope, decl.property),
+
+    Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+    ...number(ValtypeSize.i16, Valtype.i32),
+    [ Opcodes.i32_mul ],
+
+    ...(aotPointer ? [] : [
+      ...generate(scope, decl.object),
+      Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+      [ Opcodes.i32_add ]
+    ]),
+
+    // load current string ind {arg}
+    [ Opcodes.i32_load16_u, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i16) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128((aotPointer ? pointer : 0) + ValtypeSize.i32) ],
+
+    // store to new string ind 0
+    [ Opcodes.i32_store16, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i16) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(newPointer + ValtypeSize.i32) ],
+
+    // return new string (page)
+    ...number(newPointer)
+  ];
+};
+
+const randId = () => Math.random().toString(16).slice(0, -4);
+
+const objectHack = node => {
+  if (!node) return node;
+
+  if (node.type === 'MemberExpression') {
+    if (node.computed || node.optional) return node;
+
+    let objectName = node.object.name;
+
+    // if object is not identifier or another member exp, give up
+    if (node.object.type !== 'Identifier' && node.object.type !== 'MemberExpression') return node;
+
+    if (!objectName) objectName = objectHack(node.object).name.slice(2);
+
+    // if .length, give up (hack within a hack!)
+    if (node.property.name === 'length') return node;
+
+    const name = '__' + objectName + '_' + node.property.name;
+    if (codeLog) log('codegen', `object hack! ${node.object.name}.${node.property.name} -> ${name}`);
+
+    return {
+      type: 'Identifier',
+      name
+    };
+  }
+
+  for (const x in node) {
+    if (node[x] != null && typeof node[x] === 'object') {
+      if (node[x].type) node[x] = objectHack(node[x]);
+      if (Array.isArray(node[x])) node[x] = node[x].map(y => objectHack(y));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return node;
+};
+
+const generateFunc = (scope, decl) => {
+  if (decl.async) return todo('async functions are not supported');
+  if (decl.generator) return todo('generator functions are not supported');
+
+  const name = decl.id ? decl.id.name : `anonymous_${randId()}`;
+  const params = decl.params?.map(x => x.name) ?? [];
+
+  // const innerScope = { ...scope };
+  // TODO: share scope/locals between !!!
+  const innerScope = {
+    locals: {},
+    localInd: 0,
+    returns: [ valtypeBinary ],
+    memory: false,
+    throws: false,
+    name
+  };
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+    const param = params[i];
+    innerScope.locals[param] = { idx: innerScope.localInd++, type: valtypeBinary };
+  }
+
+  let body = objectHack(decl.body);
+  if (decl.type === 'ArrowFunctionExpression' && decl.expression) {
+    // hack: () => 0 -> () => return 0
+    body = {
+      type: 'ReturnStatement',
+      argument: decl.body
+    };
+  }
+
+  const wasm = generate(innerScope, body);
+  const func = {
+    name,
+    params: Object.values(innerScope.locals).slice(0, params.length).map(x => x.type),
+    returns: innerScope.returns,
+    returnType: innerScope.returnType ?? TYPES.number,
+    locals: innerScope.locals,
+    memory: innerScope.memory,
+    throws: innerScope.throws,
+    index: currentFuncIndex++
+  };
+  funcIndex[name] = func.index;
+
+  // quick hack fixes
+  for (const inst of wasm) {
+    if (inst[0] === Opcodes.call && inst[1] === -1) {
+      inst[1] = func.index;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (name !== 'main' && func.returns.length !== 0 && wasm[wasm.length - 1]?.[0] !== Opcodes.return && countLeftover(wasm) === 0) {
+    wasm.push(...number(0), [ Opcodes.return ]);
+  }
+
+  // change v128 params into many <type> (i32x4 -> i32/etc) instead as unsupported param valtype
+  let offset = 0, vecParams = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+    const name = params[i];
+    const local = func.locals[name];
+    if (local.type === Valtype.v128) {
+      vecParams++;
+
+      /* func.memory = true; // mark func as using memory
+
+      wasm.unshift( // add v128 load for param
+        [ Opcodes.i32_const, 0 ],
+        [ ...Opcodes.v128_load, 0, i * 16 ],
+        [ Opcodes.local_set, local.idx ]
+      ); */
+
+      // using params and replace_lane is noticably faster than just loading from memory (above) somehow
+
+      // extract valtype and lane count from vec type (i32x4 = i32 4, i8x16 = i8 16, etc)
+      const { vecType } = local;
+      let [ type, lanes ] = vecType.split('x');
+      if (!type || !lanes) throw new Error('bad metadata from vec params'); // sanity check
+
+      lanes = parseInt(lanes);
+      type = Valtype[type];
+
+      const name = params[i]; // get original param name
+
+      func.params.splice(offset, 1, ...new Array(lanes).fill(type)); // add new params of {type}, {lanes} times
+
+      // update index of original local
+      // delete func.locals[name];
+
+      // add new locals for params
+      for (let j = 0; j < lanes; j++) {
+        func.locals[name + j] = { idx: offset + j, type, vecParamAutogen: true };
+      }
+
+      // prepend wasm to generate expected v128 locals
+      wasm.splice(i * 2 + offset * 2, 0,
+        ...i32x4(0, 0, 0, 0),
+        ...new Array(lanes).fill(0).flatMap((_, j) => [
+          [ Opcodes.local_get, offset + j ],
+          [ ...Opcodes[vecType + '_replace_lane'], j ]
+        ]),
+        [ Opcodes.local_set, i ]
+      );
+
+      offset += lanes;
+
+      // note: wrapping is disabled for now due to perf/dx concerns (so this will never run)
+      /* if (!func.name.startsWith('#')) func.name = '##' + func.name;
+
+      // add vec type index to hash name prefix for wrapper to know how to wrap
+      const vecTypeIdx = [ 'i8x16', 'i16x8', 'i32x4', 'i64x2', 'f32x4', 'f64x2' ].indexOf(local.vecType);
+      const secondHash = func.name.slice(1).indexOf('#');
+      func.name = '#' + func.name.slice(1, secondHash) + vecTypeIdx + func.name.slice(secondHash); */
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (offset !== 0) {
+    // bump local indexes for all other locals after
+    for (const x in func.locals) {
+      const local = func.locals[x];
+      if (!local.vecParamAutogen) local.idx += offset;
+    }
+
+    // bump local indexes in wasm local.get/set
+    for (let j = 0; j < wasm.length; j++) {
+      const inst = wasm[j];
+      if (j < offset * 2 + vecParams * 2) {
+        if (inst[0] === Opcodes.local_set) inst[1] += offset;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (inst[0] === Opcodes.local_get || inst[0] === Opcodes.local_set) inst[1] += offset;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // change v128 return into many <type> instead as unsupported return valtype
+  const lastReturnLocal = wasm.length > 2 && wasm[wasm.length - 1][0] === Opcodes.return && Object.values(func.locals).find(x => x.idx === wasm[wasm.length - 2][1]);
+  if (lastReturnLocal && lastReturnLocal.type === Valtype.v128) {
+    const name = Object.keys(func.locals)[Object.values(func.locals).indexOf(lastReturnLocal)];
+    // extract valtype and lane count from vec type (i32x4 = i32 4, i8x16 = i8 16, etc)
+    const { vecType } = lastReturnLocal;
+    let [ type, lanes ] = vecType.split('x');
+    if (!type || !lanes) throw new Error('bad metadata from vec params'); // sanity check
+
+    lanes = parseInt(lanes);
+    type = Valtype[type];
+
+    const vecIdx = lastReturnLocal.idx;
+
+    const lastIdx = Math.max(0, ...Object.values(func.locals).map(x => x.idx));
+    const tmpIdx = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < lanes; i++) {
+      const idx = lastIdx + i + 1;
+      tmpIdx.push(idx);
+      func.locals[name + i] = { idx, type, vecReturnAutogen: true };
+    }
+
+    wasm.splice(wasm.length - 1, 1,
+      ...new Array(lanes).fill(0).flatMap((_, i) => [
+        i === 0 ? null : [ Opcodes.local_get, vecIdx ],
+        [ ...Opcodes[vecType + '_extract_lane'], i ],
+        [ Opcodes.local_set, tmpIdx[i] ],
+      ].filter(x => x !== null)),
+      ...new Array(lanes).fill(0).map((_, i) => [ Opcodes.local_get, tmpIdx[i]])
+    );
+
+    func.returns = new Array(lanes).fill(type);
+  }
+
+  func.wasm = wasm;
+
+  funcs.push(func);
+
+  return func;
+};
+
+const generateCode = (scope, decl) => {
+  const out = [];
+
+  for (const x of decl.body) {
+    out.push(...generate(scope, x));
+  }
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+const internalConstrs = {
+  Array: {
+    generate: (scope, decl, global, name) => {
+      // new Array(i0, i1, ...)
+      if (decl.arguments.length > 1) return generateArray(scope, {
+        elements: decl.arguments
+      }, global, name);
+
+      // new Array(n)
+
+      makeArray(scope, {
+        rawElements: new Array(0)
+      }, global, name, true);
+      const pointer = arrays.get(name ?? '$undeclared');
+
+      const arg = decl.arguments[0] ?? DEFAULT_VALUE;
+
+      // todo: check in wasm instead of here
+      const literalValue = arg.value ?? 0;
+      if (literalValue < 0 || !Number.isFinite(literalValue) || literalValue > 4294967295) return internalThrow(scope, 'RangeThrow', 'Invalid array length');
+
+      return [
+        ...number(0, Valtype.i32),
+        ...generate(scope, arg, global, name),
+        Opcodes.i32_to_u,
+        [ Opcodes.i32_store, Math.log2(ValtypeSize.i32) - 1, ...unsignedLEB128(pointer) ],
+
+        ...number(pointer)
+      ];
+    },
+    type: TYPES._array
+  }
+};
+
+export default program => {
+  globals = {};
+  globalInd = 0;
+  tags = [];
+  exceptions = [];
+  funcs = [];
+  funcIndex = {};
+  depth = [];
+  typeStates = {};
+  arrays = new Map();
+  pages = new Map();
+  currentFuncIndex = importedFuncs.length;
+
+  globalThis.valtype = 'f64';
+
+  const valtypeOpt = process.argv.find(x => x.startsWith('-valtype='));
+  if (valtypeOpt) valtype = valtypeOpt.split('=')[1];
+
+  globalThis.valtypeBinary = Valtype[valtype];
+
+  const valtypeInd = ['i32', 'i64', 'f64'].indexOf(valtype);
+
+  // set generic opcodes for current valtype
+  Opcodes.const = [ Opcodes.i32_const, Opcodes.i64_const, Opcodes.f64_const ][valtypeInd];
+  Opcodes.eq = [ Opcodes.i32_eq, Opcodes.i64_eq, Opcodes.f64_eq ][valtypeInd];
+  Opcodes.eqz = [ [ [ Opcodes.i32_eqz ] ], [ [ Opcodes.i64_eqz ] ], [ ...number(0), [ Opcodes.f64_eq ] ] ][valtypeInd];
+  Opcodes.mul = [ Opcodes.i32_mul, Opcodes.i64_mul, Opcodes.f64_mul ][valtypeInd];
+  Opcodes.add = [ Opcodes.i32_add, Opcodes.i64_add, Opcodes.f64_add ][valtypeInd];
+  Opcodes.sub = [ Opcodes.i32_sub, Opcodes.i64_sub, Opcodes.f64_sub ][valtypeInd];
+
+  Opcodes.i32_to = [ [ null ], [ Opcodes.i32_wrap_i64 ], Opcodes.i32_trunc_sat_f64_s ][valtypeInd];
+  Opcodes.i32_to_u = [ [ null ], [ Opcodes.i32_wrap_i64 ], Opcodes.i32_trunc_sat_f64_u ][valtypeInd];
+  Opcodes.i32_from = [ [ null ], [ Opcodes.i64_extend_i32_s ], [ Opcodes.f64_convert_i32_s ] ][valtypeInd];
+  Opcodes.i32_from_u = [ [ null ], [ Opcodes.i64_extend_i32_u ], [ Opcodes.f64_convert_i32_u ] ][valtypeInd];
+
+  Opcodes.load = [ Opcodes.i32_load, Opcodes.i64_load, Opcodes.f64_load ][valtypeInd];
+  Opcodes.store = [ Opcodes.i32_store, Opcodes.i64_store, Opcodes.f64_store ][valtypeInd];
+
+  Opcodes.lt = [ Opcodes.i32_lt_s, Opcodes.i64_lt_s, Opcodes.f64_lt ][valtypeInd];
+
+  builtinFuncs = new BuiltinFuncs();
+  builtinVars = new BuiltinVars();
+  prototypeFuncs = new PrototypeFuncs();
+
+  program.id = { name: 'main' };
+
+  globalThis.pageSize = PageSize;
+  const pageSizeOpt = process.argv.find(x => x.startsWith('-page-size='));
+  if (pageSizeOpt) pageSize = parseInt(pageSizeOpt.split('=')[1]) * 1024;
+
+  const scope = {
+    locals: {},
+    localInd: 0
+  };
+
+  program.body = {
+    type: 'BlockStatement',
+    body: program.body
+  };
+
+  generateFunc(scope, program);
+
+  const main = funcs[funcs.length - 1];
+  main.export = true;
+  main.returns = [ valtypeBinary ];
+
+  const lastInst = main.wasm[main.wasm.length - 1] ?? [ Opcodes.end ];
+  if (lastInst[0] === Opcodes.drop) {
+    main.wasm.splice(main.wasm.length - 1, 1);
+
+    const finalStatement = program.body.body[program.body.body.length - 1];
+    main.returnType = getNodeType(main, finalStatement);
+  }
+
+  if (lastInst[0] === Opcodes.end || lastInst[0] === Opcodes.local_set || lastInst[0] === Opcodes.global_set) {
+    main.returns = [];
+  }
+
+  if (lastInst[0] === Opcodes.call) {
+    const func = funcs.find(x => x.index === lastInst[1]);
+    if (func) main.returns = func.returns.slice();
+      else main.returns = [];
+  }
+
+  // if blank main func and other exports, remove it
+  if (main.wasm.length === 0 && funcs.reduce((acc, x) => acc + (x.export ? 1 : 0), 0) > 1) funcs.splice(funcs.length - 1, 1);
+
+  return { funcs, globals, tags, exceptions, pages };
+};