polkadot-cli 1.14.1 → 1.15.0

package/dist/cli.mjs

@@ -181,13 +181,20 @@ import { access, mkdir, readFile, rm, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { homedir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 function getConfigDir() {
-  return DOT_DIR;
+  const override = process.env.DOT_HOME;
+  return override && override.length > 0 ? override : join(homedir(), ".polkadot");
+}
+function getChainsDir() {
+  return join(getConfigDir(), "chains");
 }
 function getChainDir(chainName) {
-  return join(CHAINS_DIR, chainName);
+  return join(getChainsDir(), chainName);
 }
 function getMetadataPath(chainName) {
-  return join(CHAINS_DIR, chainName, "metadata.bin");
+  return join(getChainDir(chainName), "metadata.bin");
+}
+function getConfigPath() {
+  return join(getConfigDir(), "config.json");
 }
 async function ensureDir(dir) {
   await mkdir(dir, { recursive: true });
@@ -201,9 +208,10 @@ async function fileExists(path) {
   }
 }
 async function loadConfig() {
-  await ensureDir(DOT_DIR);
-  if (await fileExists(CONFIG_PATH)) {
-    const saved = JSON.parse(await readFile(CONFIG_PATH, "utf-8"));
+  await ensureDir(getConfigDir());
+  const configPath = getConfigPath();
+  if (await fileExists(configPath)) {
+    const saved = JSON.parse(await readFile(configPath, "utf-8"));
     const chains = {};
     for (const [name, defaultConfig] of Object.entries(DEFAULT_CONFIG.chains)) {
       chains[name] = saved.chains[name] ? { ...defaultConfig, ...saved.chains[name] } : defaultConfig;
@@ -219,8 +227,8 @@ async function loadConfig() {
   return DEFAULT_CONFIG;
 }
 async function saveConfig(config) {
-  await ensureDir(DOT_DIR);
-  await writeFile(CONFIG_PATH, `${JSON.stringify(config, null, 2)}
+  await ensureDir(getConfigDir());
+  await writeFile(getConfigPath(), `${JSON.stringify(config, null, 2)}
 `);
 }
 async function loadMetadata(chainName) {
@@ -255,18 +263,17 @@ function resolveChain(config, chainFlag) {
   }
   return { name, chain: config.chains[name] };
 }
-var DOT_DIR, CONFIG_PATH, CHAINS_DIR;
 var init_store = __esm(() => {
   init_errors();
   init_types();
-  DOT_DIR = join(homedir(), ".polkadot");
-  CONFIG_PATH = join(DOT_DIR, "config.json");
-  CHAINS_DIR = join(DOT_DIR, "chains");
 });
 
 // src/config/accounts-store.ts
 import { access as access2, mkdir as mkdir2, readFile as readFile2, writeFile as writeFile2 } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { join as join2 } from "node:path";
+function getAccountsPath() {
+  return join2(getConfigDir(), "accounts.json");
+}
 async function ensureDir2(dir) {
   await mkdir2(dir, { recursive: true });
 }
@@ -280,24 +287,23 @@ async function fileExists2(path) {
 }
 async function loadAccounts() {
   await ensureDir2(getConfigDir());
-  if (await fileExists2(ACCOUNTS_PATH)) {
-    const data = await readFile2(ACCOUNTS_PATH, "utf-8");
+  const path = getAccountsPath();
+  if (await fileExists2(path)) {
+    const data = await readFile2(path, "utf-8");
     return JSON.parse(data);
   }
   return { accounts: [] };
 }
 async function saveAccounts(file) {
   await ensureDir2(getConfigDir());
-  await writeFile2(ACCOUNTS_PATH, `${JSON.stringify(file, null, 2)}
+  await writeFile2(getAccountsPath(), `${JSON.stringify(file, null, 2)}
 `);
 }
 function findAccount(file, name) {
   return file.accounts.find((a) => a.name.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase());
 }
-var ACCOUNTS_PATH;
 var init_accounts_store = __esm(() => {
   init_store();
-  ACCOUNTS_PATH = join2(getConfigDir(), "accounts.json");
 });
 
 // src/config/accounts-types.ts
@@ -355,6 +361,7 @@ import {
   ss58Decode,
   validateMnemonic
 } from "@polkadot-labs/hdkd-helpers";
+import { HDKD, secretFromSeed } from "@scure/sr25519";
 import { getPolkadotSigner } from "polkadot-api/signer";
 function isDevAccount(name) {
   return DEV_NAMES.includes(name.toLowerCase());
@@ -381,6 +388,50 @@ function getDevKeypair(name) {
   const path = devDerivationPath(name);
   return deriveFromMnemonic(DEV_PHRASE, path);
 }
+function parseDerivations(path) {
+  const out = [];
+  for (const [, type, code] of path.matchAll(DERIVATION_RE)) {
+    out.push([type === "//" ? "hard" : "soft", code]);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+function createChainCode(code) {
+  const chainCode = new Uint8Array(32);
+  const asNumber = +code;
+  if (Number.isNaN(asNumber)) {
+    const bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(code);
+    if (bytes.length >= 32) {
+      throw new Error(`Derivation component "${code}" is too long (max 31 bytes)`);
+    }
+    chainCode[0] = bytes.length << 2;
+    chainCode.set(bytes, 1);
+  } else {
+    const n = asNumber >>> 0;
+    chainCode[0] = n & 255;
+    chainCode[1] = n >>> 8 & 255;
+    chainCode[2] = n >>> 16 & 255;
+    chainCode[3] = n >>> 24 & 255;
+  }
+  return chainCode;
+}
+function deriveExpandedSecret(miniSecret, path) {
+  return parseDerivations(path).reduce((sk, [type, code]) => type === "hard" ? HDKD.secretHard(sk, createChainCode(code)) : HDKD.secretSoft(sk, createChainCode(code)), secretFromSeed(miniSecret));
+}
+function miniSecretFromSecret(secret) {
+  const isHexSeed = /^0x[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$/.test(secret);
+  if (isHexSeed) {
+    const clean = secret.slice(2);
+    const bytes = new Uint8Array(32);
+    for (let i = 0;i < clean.length; i += 2) {
+      bytes[i / 2] = parseInt(clean.substring(i, i + 2), 16);
+    }
+    return bytes;
+  }
+  if (!validateMnemonic(secret)) {
+    throw new Error("Invalid secret. Expected a 0x-prefixed 32-byte hex seed or a valid BIP39 mnemonic.");
+  }
+  return entropyToMiniSecret(mnemonicToEntropy(secret));
+}
 function getDevAddress(name, prefix = 42) {
   const keypair = getDevKeypair(name);
   return ss58Address(keypair.publicKey, prefix);
@@ -474,10 +525,37 @@ async function resolveAccountSigner(name) {
   const keypair = await resolveAccountKeypair(name);
   return getPolkadotSigner(keypair.publicKey, "Sr25519", keypair.sign);
 }
-var DEV_NAMES;
+async function resolveAccountExpandedSecret(name) {
+  if (isDevAccount(name)) {
+    const miniSecret2 = entropyToMiniSecret(mnemonicToEntropy(DEV_PHRASE));
+    return deriveExpandedSecret(miniSecret2, devDerivationPath(name));
+  }
+  const accountsFile = await loadAccounts();
+  const account = findAccount(accountsFile, name);
+  if (!account) {
+    const available = [...DEV_NAMES, ...accountsFile.accounts.map((a) => a.name)].sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
+    const suggestions = findClosest(name, available);
+    const hint = suggestions.length > 0 ? `
+  Did you mean: ${suggestions.join(", ")}?` : "";
+    const list = available.map((a) => `
+    - ${a}`).join("");
+    throw new Error(`Unknown account "${name}".${hint}
+  Available accounts:${list}`);
+  }
+  if (account.secret === undefined) {
+    throw new Error(`Account "${name}" is watch-only (no secret). Cannot derive private key. Import with --secret or --env.`);
+  }
+  const miniSecret = miniSecretFromSecret(resolveSecret(account.secret));
+  return deriveExpandedSecret(miniSecret, account.derivationPath);
+}
+function bytesToHex(bytes) {
+  return "0x" + Array.from(bytes).map((b) => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
+}
+var DEV_NAMES, DERIVATION_RE;
 var init_accounts = __esm(() => {
   init_accounts_store();
   DEV_NAMES = ["alice", "bob", "charlie", "dave", "eve", "ferdie"];
+  DERIVATION_RE = /(\/{1,2})([^/]+)/g;
 });
 
 // src/utils/binary-display.ts
@@ -556,6 +634,33 @@ function printDocs(docs) {
     console.log(`  ${DIM}${text}${RESET}`);
   }
 }
+function printImportResults(params) {
+  const { added, overwritten, skipped, dryRun, noun } = params;
+  for (const name of added) {
+    console.log(`  ${GREEN}${CHECK_MARK}${RESET} ${name}`);
+  }
+  for (const name of overwritten) {
+    console.log(`  ${YELLOW}⟳${RESET} ${name}${DIM} (overwritten)${RESET}`);
+  }
+  for (const name of skipped) {
+    console.log(`  ${DIM}- ${name} (skipped)${RESET}`);
+  }
+  if (added.length === 0 && overwritten.length === 0 && skipped.length === 0) {
+    const prefix = dryRun ? "(dry run) " : "";
+    console.log(`${prefix}No ${noun}s imported.`);
+    return;
+  }
+  const parts = [];
+  if (added.length > 0)
+    parts.push(`${added.length} added`);
+  if (overwritten.length > 0)
+    parts.push(`${overwritten.length} overwritten`);
+  if (skipped.length > 0)
+    parts.push(`${skipped.length} skipped`);
+  const suffix = dryRun ? " (dry run)" : "";
+  console.log();
+  console.log(`${parts.join(", ")}${suffix}`);
+}
 
 class Spinner {
   timer = null;
@@ -802,6 +907,22 @@ function getSignedExtensions(meta) {
     return [];
   return byVersion[Number(versionKeys[0])] ?? [];
 }
+function getSignedExtensionNames(meta) {
+  return getSignedExtensions(meta).map((e) => e.identifier).sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
+}
+function findSignedExtension(meta, identifier) {
+  return getSignedExtensions(meta).find((e) => e.identifier.toLowerCase() === identifier.toLowerCase());
+}
+function describeSignedExtension(meta, info) {
+  return {
+    identifier: info.identifier,
+    valueType: describeType(meta.lookup, info.type),
+    additionalSignedType: describeType(meta.lookup, info.additionalSigned),
+    valueTypeId: info.type,
+    additionalSignedTypeId: info.additionalSigned,
+    isBuiltin: PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS.has(info.identifier)
+  };
+}
 function getPalletNames(meta) {
   return meta.unified.pallets.map((p) => p.name).sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
 }
@@ -950,12 +1071,26 @@ function hexToBytes(hex) {
   }
   return bytes;
 }
-var METADATA_TIMEOUT_MS = 15000, optionalOpaqueBytes, v15Arg;
+var METADATA_TIMEOUT_MS = 15000, optionalOpaqueBytes, v15Arg, PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS;
 var init_metadata = __esm(() => {
   init_store();
   init_errors();
   optionalOpaqueBytes = Option(Bytes());
   v15Arg = toHex(u32.enc(15));
+  PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS = new Set([
+    "CheckNonZeroSender",
+    "CheckSpecVersion",
+    "CheckTxVersion",
+    "CheckGenesis",
+    "CheckMortality",
+    "CheckNonce",
+    "CheckWeight",
+    "ChargeTransactionPayment",
+    "ChargeAssetTxPayment",
+    "CheckMetadataHash",
+    "StorageWeightReclaim",
+    "PrevalidateAttests"
+  ]);
 });
 
 // src/core/explorers.ts
@@ -1325,7 +1460,7 @@ function parsePrimitive(prim, arg) {
       return parseValue(arg);
   }
 }
-var PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS, NO_DEFAULT;
+var NO_DEFAULT;
 var init_tx = __esm(() => {
   init_store();
   init_types();
@@ -1337,20 +1472,6 @@ var init_tx = __esm(() => {
   init_binary_display();
   init_errors();
   init_focused_inspect();
-  PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS = new Set([
-    "CheckNonZeroSender",
-    "CheckSpecVersion",
-    "CheckTxVersion",
-    "CheckGenesis",
-    "CheckMortality",
-    "CheckNonce",
-    "CheckWeight",
-    "ChargeTransactionPayment",
-    "ChargeAssetTxPayment",
-    "CheckMetadataHash",
-    "StorageWeightReclaim",
-    "PrevalidateAttests"
-  ]);
   NO_DEFAULT = Symbol("no-default");
 });
 
@@ -1894,7 +2015,8 @@ async function showItemHelp(category, target, opts) {
     }
     console.log();
     console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-    console.log(`  dot apis.${api.name}.${method.name}`);
+    console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.apis.${api.name}.${method.name}`);
+    console.log(`  dot apis.${api.name}.${method.name} --chain ${chainName}`);
     console.log();
     return;
   }
@@ -1936,8 +2058,9 @@ async function showItemHelp(category, target, opts) {
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-      console.log(`  dot tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --from <account>`);
-      console.log(`  dot tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --encode`);
+      console.log(`  dot tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --from <account> --chain ${chainName}`);
+      console.log(`  dot tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --encode --chain ${chainName}`);
+      console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --from <account>`);
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Options:${RESET}`);
       console.log(`  --from <name>    Account to sign with`);
@@ -1966,11 +2089,11 @@ async function showItemHelp(category, target, opts) {
       console.log();
       if (storageItem.keyTypeId != null) {
         console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-        console.log(`  dot query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name} <key>`);
-        console.log(`  dot query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name} --dump       # all entries`);
+        console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name} <key>`);
+        console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name} --dump       # all entries`);
       } else {
         console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-        console.log(`  dot query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name}`);
+        console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name}`);
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Options:${RESET}`);
@@ -1992,7 +2115,7 @@ async function showItemHelp(category, target, opts) {
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-      console.log(`  dot const.${pallet.name}.${constItem.name}`);
+      console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.const.${pallet.name}.${constItem.name}`);
       console.log();
       return;
     }
@@ -2011,7 +2134,7 @@ async function showItemHelp(category, target, opts) {
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-      console.log(`  dot events.${pallet.name}.${eventItem.name}`);
+      console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.events.${pallet.name}.${eventItem.name}`);
       console.log();
       return;
     }
@@ -2027,7 +2150,7 @@ async function showItemHelp(category, target, opts) {
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-      console.log(`  dot errors.${pallet.name}.${errorItem.name}`);
+      console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.errors.${pallet.name}.${errorItem.name}`);
       console.log();
       return;
     }
@@ -2044,7 +2167,7 @@ var init_focused_inspect = __esm(() => {
 import { blake2b as blake2b2 } from "@noble/hashes/blake2.js";
 import { sha256 } from "@noble/hashes/sha2.js";
 import { keccak_256 } from "@noble/hashes/sha3.js";
-import { bytesToHex, hexToBytes as hexToBytes2 } from "@noble/hashes/utils.js";
+import { bytesToHex as bytesToHex2, hexToBytes as hexToBytes2 } from "@noble/hashes/utils.js";
 function computeHash(algorithm, data) {
   const algo = ALGORITHMS[algorithm];
   if (!algo) {
@@ -2063,7 +2186,7 @@ function parseInputData(input) {
   return new TextEncoder().encode(input);
 }
 function toHex2(bytes) {
-  return `0x${bytesToHex(bytes)}`;
+  return `0x${bytesToHex2(bytes)}`;
 }
 function isValidAlgorithm(name) {
   return name in ALGORITHMS;
@@ -2122,6 +2245,12 @@ async function loadRuntimeApiNames(_config, chainName) {
     methodNames: a.methods.map((m) => m.name)
   }));
 }
+async function loadExtensionIdentifiers(_config, chainName) {
+  const raw = await loadMetadata(chainName);
+  if (!raw)
+    return null;
+  return getSignedExtensionNames(parseMetadata(raw));
+}
 function filterPallets(pallets, category) {
   switch (category) {
     case "query":
@@ -2261,6 +2390,9 @@ async function completeDotpath(currentWord, config, knownChains, precedingWords)
     if (category === "apis") {
       return completeApisCategory(first, numComplete, endsWithDot, completeSegments, currentWord, config, chainFromFlag);
     }
+    if (category === "extensions") {
+      return completeExtensionsCategory(first, numComplete, endsWithDot, currentWord, config, chainFromFlag);
+    }
     if (numComplete === 1 && endsWithDot) {
       const chainName = chainFromFlag;
       if (!chainName)
@@ -2317,6 +2449,9 @@ async function completeDotpath(currentWord, config, knownChains, precedingWords)
       if (category === "apis") {
         return completeApisCategory(`${first}.${completeSegments[1]}`, numComplete - 1, endsWithDot, completeSegments.slice(1), currentWord, config, chainName);
       }
+      if (category === "extensions") {
+        return completeExtensionsCategory(`${first}.${completeSegments[1]}`, numComplete - 1, endsWithDot, currentWord, config, chainName);
+      }
       const pallets = await loadPallets(config, chainName);
       if (!pallets)
         return [];
@@ -2373,6 +2508,23 @@ async function completeApisCategory(prefix, numComplete, endsWithDot, segments,
   }
   return [];
 }
+async function completeExtensionsCategory(prefix, numComplete, endsWithDot, currentWord, config, chainNameOverride) {
+  const chainName = chainNameOverride;
+  if (!chainName)
+    return [];
+  const names = await loadExtensionIdentifiers(config, chainName);
+  if (!names)
+    return [];
+  if (numComplete === 1 && endsWithDot) {
+    const candidates = names.map((n) => `${prefix}.${n}`);
+    return filterPrefix(candidates, currentWord.slice(0, -1));
+  }
+  if (numComplete === 1 && !endsWithDot) {
+    const candidates = names.map((n) => `${prefix}.${n}`);
+    return filterPrefix(candidates, currentWord);
+  }
+  return [];
+}
 var CATEGORIES2, CATEGORY_ALIASES2, NAMED_COMMANDS, CHAIN_SUBCOMMANDS, ACCOUNT_SUBCOMMANDS, GLOBAL_OPTIONS, TX_OPTIONS, QUERY_OPTIONS;
 var init_complete = __esm(() => {
   init_accounts_store();
@@ -2380,7 +2532,7 @@ var init_complete = __esm(() => {
   init_accounts();
   init_hash();
   init_metadata();
-  CATEGORIES2 = ["query", "tx", "const", "events", "errors", "apis"];
+  CATEGORIES2 = ["query", "tx", "const", "events", "errors", "apis", "extensions"];
   CATEGORY_ALIASES2 = {
     query: "query",
     tx: "tx",
@@ -2392,7 +2544,10 @@ var init_complete = __esm(() => {
     errors: "errors",
     error: "errors",
     apis: "apis",
-    api: "apis"
+    api: "apis",
+    extensions: "extensions",
+    extension: "extensions",
+    ext: "extensions"
   };
   NAMED_COMMANDS = ["chain", "account", "inspect", "hash", "sign", "parachain", "completions"];
   CHAIN_SUBCOMMANDS = ["add", "remove", "update", "list"];
@@ -2426,7 +2581,7 @@ var init_complete = __esm(() => {
 // src/cli.ts
 import cac from "cac";
 // package.json
-var version = "1.14.1";
+var version = "1.15.0";
 
 // src/commands/account.ts
 init_accounts_store();
@@ -2439,31 +2594,30 @@ ${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}
   $ dot account add <name> --secret <s> [--path <derivation>]        Import from BIP39 mnemonic
   $ dot account add <name> --env <VAR> [--path <derivation>]         Import account backed by env variable
   $ dot account create|new <name> [--path <derivation>]              Create a new account
-  $ dot account import <name> --secret <s> [--path <derivation>]     Import from BIP39 mnemonic
-  $ dot account import <name> --env <VAR> [--path <derivation>]      Import account backed by env variable
-  $ dot account import --file <path>                                 Batch-import accounts from a file
+  $ dot account import <file>                                        Batch-import accounts from a file
   $ dot account export [names...]                                    Export accounts to stdout
   $ dot account derive <source> <new-name> --path <derivation>       Derive a child account
-  $ dot account inspect <input> [--prefix <N>]                       Inspect an account/address/key
+  $ dot account inspect <input> [--prefix <N>] [--show-secret]       Inspect an account/address/key
   $ dot account list                                                 List all accounts
   $ dot account remove|delete <name> [name2] ...                     Remove stored account(s)
 
 ${BOLD}Examples:${RESET}
   $ dot account add treasury 5GrwvaEF5zXb26Fz9rcQpDWS57CtERHpNehXCPcNoHGKutQY
+  $ dot account add treasury --secret "word1 word2 ... word12"
+  $ dot account add ci-signer --env MY_SECRET --path //ci
   $ dot account create my-validator
   $ dot account create my-staking --path //staking
   $ dot account create multi --path //polkadot//0/wallet
-  $ dot account import treasury --secret "word1 word2 ... word12"
-  $ dot account import ci-signer --env MY_SECRET --path //ci
-  $ dot account import --file team-accounts.json
-  $ dot account import --file accounts.json --dry-run
-  $ dot account import --file accounts.json --overwrite
+  $ dot account import team-accounts.json
+  $ dot account import accounts.json --dry-run
+  $ dot account import accounts.json --overwrite
   $ dot account export
   $ dot account export treasury my-validator
   $ dot account export --include-secrets --file backup.json
   $ dot account export --watch-only
   $ dot account derive treasury treasury-staking --path //staking
   $ dot account inspect alice
+  $ dot account inspect dave --show-secret
   $ dot account inspect 5GrwvaEF5zXb26Fz9rcQpDWS57CtERHpNehXCPcNoHGKutQY
   $ dot account inspect 0xd435...a27d --prefix 0
   $ dot account list
@@ -2474,7 +2628,7 @@ ${YELLOW}Note: Secrets are stored unencrypted in ~/.polkadot/accounts.json.
       Hex seed import (0x...) is not supported via CLI.${RESET}
 `.trimStart();
 function registerAccountCommands(cli) {
-  cli.command("account [action] [...names]", "Manage local accounts (create, import, list, remove, export)").alias("accounts").option("--secret <value>", "Secret key (mnemonic or hex seed) for import").option("--env <varName>", "Environment variable name holding the secret").option("--path <derivation>", "Derivation path (e.g. //staking, //polkadot//0/wallet)").option("--prefix <number>", "SS58 prefix for address encoding (default: 42)").option("--file <path>", "Input/output file for batch import/export").option("--overwrite", "Overwrite existing accounts on batch import").option("--dry-run", "Preview batch import without applying changes").option("--include-secrets", "Include secrets in export (redacted by default)").option("--watch-only", "Export only watch-only accounts").action(async (action, names, opts) => {
+  cli.command("account [action] [...names]", "Manage local accounts (create, import, list, remove, export)").alias("accounts").option("--secret <value>", "Secret key (mnemonic or hex seed) for import").option("--env <varName>", "Environment variable name holding the secret").option("--path <derivation>", "Derivation path (e.g. //staking, //polkadot//0/wallet)").option("--prefix <number>", "SS58 prefix for address encoding (default: 42)").option("--file <path>", "Input/output file for batch import/export").option("--overwrite", "Overwrite existing accounts on batch import").option("--dry-run", "Preview batch import without applying changes").option("--include-secrets", "Include secrets in export (redacted by default)").option("--watch-only", "Export only watch-only accounts").option("--show-secret", "Reveal the 64-byte sr25519 expanded private key (inspect only)").action(async (action, names, opts) => {
     if (!action) {
       if (process.argv[2] === "accounts")
         return accountList(opts);
@@ -2490,9 +2644,7 @@ function registerAccountCommands(cli) {
           return accountImport(names[0], opts);
         return accountAddWatchOnly(names[0], names[1], opts);
       case "import":
-        if (opts.file)
-          return accountBatchImport(opts);
-        return accountImport(names[0], opts);
+        return accountBatchImport(names[0], opts);
       case "export":
         return accountExport(names, opts);
       case "derive":
@@ -2891,16 +3043,19 @@ async function accountInspect(input, opts) {
   let name;
   let publicKeyHex;
   let bandersnatch;
+  let hasSecret = false;
   if (isDevAccount(input)) {
     name = input.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + input.slice(1).toLowerCase();
     const devAddr = getDevAddress(input);
     publicKeyHex = publicKeyToHex(fromSs58(devAddr));
+    hasSecret = true;
   } else {
     const accountsFile = await loadAccounts();
     const account = findAccount(accountsFile, input);
     if (account) {
       name = account.name;
       bandersnatch = account.bandersnatch;
+      hasSecret = account.secret !== undefined;
       if (account.publicKey) {
         publicKeyHex = account.publicKey;
       } else if (account.secret !== undefined && isEnvSecret(account.secret)) {
@@ -2927,12 +3082,31 @@ async function accountInspect(input, opts) {
     }
   }
   const ss58 = toSs58(publicKeyHex, prefix);
+  let privateKeyHex;
+  if (opts.showSecret) {
+    if (!name) {
+      console.error("--show-secret requires an account name; raw addresses and hex keys have no secret to reveal.");
+      process.exit(1);
+    }
+    if (!hasSecret) {
+      console.error(`Account "${name}" is watch-only (no secret). Cannot reveal private key.`);
+      process.exit(1);
+    }
+    try {
+      privateKeyHex = bytesToHex(await resolveAccountExpandedSecret(input));
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error(err.message);
+      process.exit(1);
+    }
+  }
   if (isJsonOutput(opts)) {
     const result = { publicKey: publicKeyHex, ss58, prefix };
     if (name)
       result.name = name;
     if (bandersnatch && Object.keys(bandersnatch).length > 0)
       result.bandersnatch = bandersnatch;
+    if (privateKeyHex)
+      result.privateKey = privateKeyHex;
     console.log(formatJson(result));
   } else {
     printHeading("Account Info");
@@ -2953,6 +3127,10 @@ async function accountInspect(input, opts) {
       }
     }
     console.log(`  ${BOLD}Prefix:${RESET}      ${prefix}`);
+    if (privateKeyHex) {
+      console.log(`  ${BOLD}Private Key:${RESET} ${privateKeyHex}`);
+      console.log(`               ${YELLOW}(sr25519 expanded, 64 bytes — never share)${RESET}`);
+    }
     console.log();
   }
 }
@@ -3017,12 +3195,17 @@ async function accountExport(names, opts) {
     process.stdout.write(json);
   }
 }
-async function accountBatchImport(opts) {
+async function accountBatchImport(filePath, opts) {
+  const inputPath = filePath ?? opts.file;
   let raw;
-  if (!opts.file || opts.file === "-") {
+  if (!inputPath || inputPath === "-") {
+    if (process.stdin.isTTY) {
+      console.log(ACCOUNT_HELP);
+      return;
+    }
     raw = await readStdin();
   } else {
-    raw = await readFile3(opts.file, "utf-8");
+    raw = await readFile3(inputPath, "utf-8");
   }
   let importData;
   try {
@@ -3101,16 +3284,13 @@ async function accountBatchImport(opts) {
     }));
     return;
   }
-  const prefix = opts.dryRun ? "(dry run) " : "";
-  if (added.length > 0)
-    console.log(`${prefix}Added: ${added.join(", ")}`);
-  if (overwritten.length > 0)
-    console.log(`${prefix}Overwritten: ${overwritten.join(", ")}`);
-  if (skipped.length > 0)
-    console.log(`${prefix}Skipped: ${skipped.join(", ")}`);
-  if (added.length === 0 && overwritten.length === 0) {
-    console.log(`${prefix}No accounts imported.`);
-  }
+  printImportResults({
+    added,
+    overwritten,
+    skipped,
+    dryRun: opts.dryRun ?? false,
+    noun: "account"
+  });
 }
 
 // src/commands/apis.ts
@@ -3262,9 +3442,10 @@ ${BOLD}Examples:${RESET}
   $ dot chain import my-chains.json
   $ dot chain import my-chains.json --dry-run
   $ dot chain import my-chains.json --overwrite
+  $ dot chain import my-chains.json --no-metadata
 `.trimStart();
 function registerChainCommands(cli) {
-  cli.command("chain [action] [...names]", "Manage chains (add, remove, update, list, export, import)").alias("chains").option("--all", "Update/export all configured chains").option("--relay <name>", "Parent relay chain for this parachain").option("--parachain-id <id>", "Parachain ID (auto-detected if omitted with --relay)").option("--file <path>", "Output/input file for export/import").option("--overwrite", "Overwrite existing chains on import").option("--dry-run", "Preview import without applying changes").action(async (action, names, opts) => {
+  cli.command("chain [action] [...names]", "Manage chains (add, remove, update, list, export, import)").alias("chains").option("--all", "Update/export all configured chains").option("--relay <name>", "Parent relay chain for this parachain").option("--parachain-id <id>", "Parachain ID (auto-detected if omitted with --relay)").option("--file <path>", "Output/input file for export/import").option("--overwrite", "Overwrite existing chains on import").option("--dry-run", "Preview import without applying changes").option("--no-metadata", "Skip automatic metadata fetch after import").action(async (action, names, opts) => {
     if (!action) {
       if (process.argv[2] === "chains")
         return chainList(opts);
@@ -3474,7 +3655,17 @@ async function chainUpdate(name, opts) {
 }
 async function chainUpdateAll(config) {
   const chainNames = Object.keys(config.chains).sort();
-  process.stderr.write(`Updating metadata for ${chainNames.length} chains...
+  const failed = await updateChainsMetadata(config, chainNames);
+  if (failed > 0) {
+    console.error(`
+${failed} of ${chainNames.length} chains failed to update.`);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+}
+async function updateChainsMetadata(config, chainNames) {
+  if (chainNames.length === 0)
+    return 0;
+  process.stderr.write(`Updating metadata for ${chainNames.length} chain(s)...
 
 `);
   const results = await Promise.allSettled(chainNames.map(async (chainName) => {
@@ -3495,12 +3686,7 @@ async function chainUpdateAll(config) {
       console.log(`  ${RED}✗${RESET} ${name}${DIM} — ${result.reason?.message ?? "unknown error"}${RESET}`);
     }
   }
-  const failed = results.filter((r) => r.status === "rejected").length;
-  if (failed > 0) {
-    console.error(`
-${failed} of ${chainNames.length} chains failed to update.`);
-    process.exit(1);
-  }
+  return results.filter((r) => r.status === "rejected").length;
 }
 function isBuiltinModified(name, config) {
   const defaultRpc = DEFAULT_CONFIG.chains[name]?.rpc;
@@ -3559,10 +3745,14 @@ async function chainExport(names, opts) {
 async function chainImport(filePath, opts) {
   const inputPath = filePath ?? opts.file;
   let raw;
-  if (inputPath && inputPath !== "-") {
-    raw = await readFile4(inputPath, "utf-8");
-  } else {
+  if (!inputPath || inputPath === "-") {
+    if (process.stdin.isTTY) {
+      console.log(CHAIN_HELP);
+      return;
+    }
     raw = await readStdin2();
+  } else {
+    raw = await readFile4(inputPath, "utf-8");
   }
   let importData;
   try {
@@ -3616,18 +3806,16 @@ async function chainImport(filePath, opts) {
     }));
     return;
   }
-  const prefix = opts.dryRun ? "(dry run) " : "";
-  if (added.length > 0)
-    console.log(`${prefix}Added: ${added.join(", ")}`);
-  if (overwritten.length > 0)
-    console.log(`${prefix}Overwritten: ${overwritten.join(", ")}`);
-  if (skipped.length > 0)
-    console.log(`${prefix}Skipped: ${skipped.join(", ")}`);
-  if (added.length === 0 && overwritten.length === 0) {
-    console.log(`${prefix}No chains imported.`);
-  } else if (!opts.dryRun) {
-    console.error(`
-Run "dot chain update --all" to fetch metadata for imported chains.`);
+  printImportResults({
+    added,
+    overwritten,
+    skipped,
+    dryRun: opts.dryRun ?? false,
+    noun: "chain"
+  });
+  if (!opts.dryRun && opts.metadata !== false && (added.length > 0 || overwritten.length > 0)) {
+    console.log();
+    await updateChainsMetadata(config, [...added, ...overwritten]);
   }
 }
 
@@ -4230,7 +4418,8 @@ async function showItemHelp2(category, target, opts) {
     }
     console.log();
     console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-    console.log(`  dot apis.${api.name}.${method.name}`);
+    console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.apis.${api.name}.${method.name}`);
+    console.log(`  dot apis.${api.name}.${method.name} --chain ${chainName}`);
     console.log();
     return;
   }
@@ -4272,8 +4461,9 @@ async function showItemHelp2(category, target, opts) {
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-      console.log(`  dot tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --from <account>`);
-      console.log(`  dot tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --encode`);
+      console.log(`  dot tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --from <account> --chain ${chainName}`);
+      console.log(`  dot tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --encode --chain ${chainName}`);
+      console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.tx.${pallet.name}.${callItem.name} --from <account>`);
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Options:${RESET}`);
       console.log(`  --from <name>    Account to sign with`);
@@ -4302,11 +4492,11 @@ async function showItemHelp2(category, target, opts) {
       console.log();
       if (storageItem.keyTypeId != null) {
         console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-        console.log(`  dot query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name} <key>`);
-        console.log(`  dot query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name} --dump       # all entries`);
+        console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name} <key>`);
+        console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name} --dump       # all entries`);
       } else {
         console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-        console.log(`  dot query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name}`);
+        console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.query.${pallet.name}.${storageItem.name}`);
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Options:${RESET}`);
@@ -4328,7 +4518,7 @@ async function showItemHelp2(category, target, opts) {
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-      console.log(`  dot const.${pallet.name}.${constItem.name}`);
+      console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.const.${pallet.name}.${constItem.name}`);
       console.log();
       return;
     }
@@ -4347,7 +4537,7 @@ async function showItemHelp2(category, target, opts) {
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-      console.log(`  dot events.${pallet.name}.${eventItem.name}`);
+      console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.events.${pallet.name}.${eventItem.name}`);
       console.log();
       return;
     }
@@ -4363,12 +4553,67 @@ async function showItemHelp2(category, target, opts) {
       }
       console.log();
       console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
-      console.log(`  dot errors.${pallet.name}.${errorItem.name}`);
+      console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.errors.${pallet.name}.${errorItem.name}`);
       console.log();
       return;
     }
   }
 }
+async function handleExtensions(target, opts) {
+  const config = await loadConfig();
+  const { name: chainName, chain: chainConfig } = resolveChain(config, opts.chain);
+  const meta = await loadMeta2(chainName, chainConfig, opts.rpc);
+  if (!target) {
+    const extensions = getSignedExtensions(meta).map((e) => describeSignedExtension(meta, e)).sort((a, b) => a.identifier.localeCompare(b.identifier));
+    if (isJsonOutput(opts)) {
+      console.log(formatJson({
+        chain: chainName,
+        extensions: extensions.map((e) => ({
+          identifier: e.identifier,
+          valueType: e.valueType,
+          additionalSignedType: e.additionalSignedType,
+          isBuiltin: e.isBuiltin
+        }))
+      }));
+      return;
+    }
+    printHeading(`Transaction extensions on ${chainName} (${extensions.length})`);
+    for (const e of extensions) {
+      const tag = e.isBuiltin ? `${DIM}[builtin]${RESET}` : `${CYAN}[custom]${RESET}`;
+      printItem(e.identifier, `${e.valueType}  ${tag}`);
+    }
+    console.log();
+    return;
+  }
+  const info = findSignedExtension(meta, target);
+  if (!info) {
+    const names = getSignedExtensionNames(meta);
+    throw new Error(suggestMessage("transaction extension", target, names));
+  }
+  const described = describeSignedExtension(meta, info);
+  if (isJsonOutput(opts)) {
+    console.log(formatJson({
+      chain: chainName,
+      identifier: described.identifier,
+      valueType: described.valueType,
+      additionalSignedType: described.additionalSignedType,
+      valueTypeId: described.valueTypeId,
+      additionalSignedTypeId: described.additionalSignedTypeId,
+      isBuiltin: described.isBuiltin
+    }));
+    return;
+  }
+  printHeading(`${described.identifier} (Transaction Extension)`);
+  console.log(`  ${BOLD}Value type:${RESET}       ${described.valueType}`);
+  console.log(`  ${BOLD}AdditionalSigned:${RESET} ${described.additionalSignedType}`);
+  console.log(`  ${BOLD}Handled by:${RESET}       ${described.isBuiltin ? "polkadot-api (builtin)" : "user (custom — provide via --ext)"}`);
+  if (!described.isBuiltin) {
+    console.log();
+    console.log(`${BOLD}Usage:${RESET}`);
+    console.log(`  dot ${chainName}.tx.<Pallet>.<Call> --from <acc> --ext '{"${described.identifier}":{"value":<v>}}'`);
+  }
+  console.log();
+}
 
 // src/commands/hash.ts
 init_hash();
@@ -5395,7 +5640,7 @@ async function handleTx(target, args, opts) {
     const at = parseAtOption(opts.at);
     if (!decodeOnly || opts.unsigned) {
       const userExtOverrides = parseExtOption(opts.ext);
-      const skipBuiltins = asset !== undefined ? new Set([...PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS2].filter((e) => e !== "ChargeAssetTxPayment")) : PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS2;
+      const skipBuiltins = asset !== undefined ? new Set([...PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS].filter((e) => e !== "ChargeAssetTxPayment")) : PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS;
       if (asset !== undefined) {
         userExtOverrides.ChargeAssetTxPayment ??= {
           value: { tip: tip ?? 0n, asset_id: asset }
@@ -5421,7 +5666,7 @@ async function handleTx(target, args, opts) {
     if (isRawCall) {
       if (args.length > 0) {
         throw new Error(`Extra arguments are not allowed when submitting a raw call hex.
-` + "Usage: dot tx 0x<call_hex> --from <account>");
+` + "Usage: dot tx 0x<call_hex> --from <account> --chain <chain>");
       }
       callHex = target;
       if (opts.toYaml || opts.toJson) {
@@ -6326,20 +6571,6 @@ function parsePrimitive2(prim, arg) {
       return parseValue(arg);
   }
 }
-var PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS2 = new Set([
-  "CheckNonZeroSender",
-  "CheckSpecVersion",
-  "CheckTxVersion",
-  "CheckGenesis",
-  "CheckMortality",
-  "CheckNonce",
-  "CheckWeight",
-  "ChargeTransactionPayment",
-  "ChargeAssetTxPayment",
-  "CheckMetadataHash",
-  "StorageWeightReclaim",
-  "PrevalidateAttests"
-]);
 function parseExtOption(ext) {
   if (!ext)
     return {};
@@ -6357,7 +6588,7 @@ function parseExtOption(ext) {
   }
 }
 var NO_DEFAULT2 = Symbol("no-default");
-function buildCustomSignedExtensions(meta, userOverrides, builtins = PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS2) {
+function buildCustomSignedExtensions(meta, userOverrides, builtins = PAPI_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS) {
   const result = {};
   const extensions = getSignedExtensions(meta);
   for (const ext of extensions) {
@@ -6694,9 +6925,13 @@ init_types();
 import { access as access3, mkdir as mkdir3, readFile as readFile7, rm as rm2, writeFile as writeFile5 } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { homedir as homedir2 } from "node:os";
 import { join as join3 } from "node:path";
-var DOT_DIR2 = join3(homedir2(), ".polkadot");
-var CONFIG_PATH2 = join3(DOT_DIR2, "config.json");
-var CHAINS_DIR2 = join3(DOT_DIR2, "chains");
+function getConfigDir2() {
+  const override = process.env.DOT_HOME;
+  return override && override.length > 0 ? override : join3(homedir2(), ".polkadot");
+}
+function getConfigPath2() {
+  return join3(getConfigDir2(), "config.json");
+}
 async function ensureDir3(dir) {
   await mkdir3(dir, { recursive: true });
 }
@@ -6709,9 +6944,10 @@ async function fileExists3(path) {
   }
 }
 async function loadConfig2() {
-  await ensureDir3(DOT_DIR2);
-  if (await fileExists3(CONFIG_PATH2)) {
-    const saved = JSON.parse(await readFile7(CONFIG_PATH2, "utf-8"));
+  await ensureDir3(getConfigDir2());
+  const configPath = getConfigPath2();
+  if (await fileExists3(configPath)) {
+    const saved = JSON.parse(await readFile7(configPath, "utf-8"));
     const chains = {};
     for (const [name, defaultConfig] of Object.entries(DEFAULT_CONFIG.chains)) {
       chains[name] = saved.chains[name] ? { ...defaultConfig, ...saved.chains[name] } : defaultConfig;
@@ -6727,8 +6963,8 @@ async function loadConfig2() {
   return DEFAULT_CONFIG;
 }
 async function saveConfig2(config) {
-  await ensureDir3(DOT_DIR2);
-  await writeFile5(CONFIG_PATH2, `${JSON.stringify(config, null, 2)}
+  await ensureDir3(getConfigDir2());
+  await writeFile5(getConfigPath2(), `${JSON.stringify(config, null, 2)}
 `);
 }
 
@@ -7008,7 +7244,10 @@ var CATEGORY_ALIASES = {
   errors: "errors",
   error: "errors",
   apis: "apis",
-  api: "apis"
+  api: "apis",
+  extensions: "extensions",
+  extension: "extensions",
+  ext: "extensions"
 };
 function matchCategory(segment) {
   return CATEGORY_ALIASES[segment.toLowerCase()];
@@ -7023,7 +7262,7 @@ function parseDotPath(input, knownChains = []) {
       const cat = matchCategory(parts[0]);
       if (cat)
         return { category: cat };
-      throw new Error(`Unknown command "${parts[0]}". Expected a category (query, tx, const, events, errors, apis) or a named command.`);
+      throw new Error(`Unknown command "${parts[0]}". Expected a category (query, tx, const, events, errors, apis, extensions) or a named command.`);
     }
     case 2: {
       const cat = matchCategory(parts[0]);
@@ -7104,20 +7343,23 @@ if (process.argv[2] === "__complete") {
     console.log("  events    List or inspect pallet events");
     console.log("  errors    List or inspect pallet errors");
     console.log("  apis      Browse and call runtime APIs");
+    console.log("  extensions  List transaction extensions on a chain");
     console.log();
     console.log("Examples:");
-    console.log("  dot query.System.Account <addr>         Query a storage item");
-    console.log("  dot query.System                        List storage items in System");
-    console.log("  dot tx.System.remark 0xdead --from alice");
-    console.log("  dot tx.System.remark 0xdead --unsigned    Submit unsigned/bare tx");
-    console.log("  dot const.Balances.ExistentialDeposit");
-    console.log("  dot events.Balances                     List events in Balances");
-    console.log("  dot apis.Core.version                    Call a runtime API");
-    console.log("  dot polkadot.query.System.Number        With chain prefix");
-    console.log("  dot ./transfer.yaml --from alice        Run from file");
-    console.log("  dot tx.0x1f0003... --to-yaml             Decode hex call to YAML");
-    console.log("  dot tx.System.remark 0xdead --to-json   Encode & output as JSON file format");
-    console.log("  dot query.System.Number --json           Output as JSON");
+    console.log("  dot polkadot.query.System.Account <addr>            Query a storage item");
+    console.log("  dot polkadot.query.System                           List storage items in System");
+    console.log("  dot tx.System.remark 0xdead --from alice --chain polkadot");
+    console.log("  dot tx.People.create_people_collection --unsigned --chain polkadot-people");
+    console.log("  dot polkadot.const.Balances.ExistentialDeposit");
+    console.log("  dot polkadot.events.Balances                        List events in Balances");
+    console.log("  dot polkadot.apis.Core.version                      Call a runtime API");
+    console.log("  dot polkadot.extensions                             List transaction extensions");
+    console.log("  dot polkadot.extensions.CheckMortality              Inspect one extension");
+    console.log("  dot query.System.Number --chain polkadot            --chain flag form");
+    console.log("  dot ./transfer.yaml --from alice                    Run from file (chain in YAML)");
+    console.log("  dot tx.0x1f0003... --to-yaml --chain polkadot       Decode hex call to YAML");
+    console.log("  dot tx.System.remark 0xdead --to-json --chain polkadot   Output as JSON file format");
+    console.log("  dot polkadot.query.System.Number --json             JSON output");
     console.log();
     console.log("Commands:");
     console.log("  inspect [target]   Inspect chain metadata (alias: explore)");
@@ -7279,6 +7521,14 @@ if (process.argv[2] === "__complete") {
       case "apis":
         await handleApis2(target, args, handlerOpts);
         break;
+      case "extensions": {
+        if (parsed.item) {
+          const suggestion = parsed.chain ? `dot ${parsed.chain}.extensions.${parsed.pallet}` : opts.chain ? `dot extensions.${parsed.pallet} --chain ${opts.chain}` : `dot extensions.${parsed.pallet} --chain <chain>`;
+          throw new CliError2(`Transaction extensions have no sub-items. Try "${suggestion}".`);
+        }
+        await handleExtensions(parsed.pallet, handlerOpts);
+        break;
+      }
     }
   });
   cli.option("--help, -h", "Display this message");