pimath 0.1.39 → 0.2.0

package/src/algebra/linearSystem.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+import type {IAlgebra, IEquation, InputValue, IPiMathObject, literalType} from "../pimath.interface"
+import {Fraction} from "../coefficients"
+import {Equation} from "./equation"
+import {Monom} from "./monom"
+import {Polynom} from "./polynom"
+import {Numeric} from "../numeric"
+import type {Solution} from "../analyze/solution"
+
+export class LinearSystem implements IPiMathObject<LinearSystem>,
+    IEquation<LinearSystem>,
+    IAlgebra<LinearSystem> {
+
+    #equations: Equation[]
+    // Solve steps for TeX output.
+    #steps: string[] = []
+    // Determine the letters in the linear asSystem, usually ['x', 'y']
+    #variables: string[]
+
+    constructor(...values: (string | Equation)[]) {
+        this.#equations = []
+        this.#variables = []
+
+        if (values.length > 0) {
+            this.parse(...values)
+        }
+
+        return this
+    }
+
+    public parse = (...equations: (string | Equation)[]): this => {
+        // make the original equations
+        this.#equations = equations.map(value => new Equation(value))
+
+        // get the letters.
+        this.#findLetters()
+        return this
+    }
+
+    public clone = (): LinearSystem => {
+        return new LinearSystem()
+            .parse(...this.#equations.map(equ => equ.clone()))
+    }
+
+    public get tex(): string {
+        // Build the array of values.
+        // Reorder
+        // This clone the asSystem :!!!
+        //TODO: Avoid cloning this linear asSystem
+        const LS = this.clone().reorder()
+
+        return this.buildTex(LS.equations)
+    }
+
+    get display() {
+        // TODO : LinearSystem - display: implement the display of the linear asSystem
+        return this.tex + 'as display'
+    }
+
+    public static fromMatrix(
+        matrix: InputValue<Fraction>[][],
+        letters = 'xyz'): LinearSystem {
+        // Check that each row has the same number of columns
+        const cols = matrix[0].length
+        if (matrix.some(row => row.length !== cols)) {
+            throw new Error("All rows must have the same number of columns")
+        }
+
+        // Determine the default letters. The number of letters are cols-1
+        const vars = letters.split('')
+            .splice(0, cols - 1)
+
+        // Create a new LinearSystem
+        return new LinearSystem(
+            ...matrix.map(row => {
+                const P = new Polynom(vars.join(''), ...row)
+                return new Equation(P, 0)
+            })
+        )
+
+    }
+
+    public add(value: InputValue<LinearSystem | Equation | Polynom>, index?: number): this {
+        if (value instanceof LinearSystem) {
+            const length = value.equations.length
+            if (length !== this.#equations.length) {
+                throw new Error("The number of equations must be the same")
+            }
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                this.#equations[i].add(value.equations[i])
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (index === undefined || index < 0 || index >= this.#equations.length) {
+                throw new Error("Index out of range")
+            }
+            const equ = new Equation(value)
+            this.#equations[index].add(equ)
+        }
+
+        return this
+    }
+
+    public buildTex = (equations: Equation[], operators?: (string[])[]): string => {
+        let equStr: string[]
+        let m: Monom
+        let letters: string[] = []
+        const equArray: string[] = []
+
+        // Get the letters from the linear asSystem
+        for (const equ of equations) {
+            letters = letters.concat(equ.letters())
+        }
+
+        letters = [...new Set(letters)]
+        letters.sort()
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < equations.length; i++) {
+            const equ = equations[i]
+
+            equStr = []
+            for (const L of letters) {
+                m = equ.left.monomByLetter(L)
+
+                if (equStr.length === 0) {
+                    equStr.push(m.isZero() ? '' : m.tex)
+                } else {
+                    equStr.push(m.isZero() ? '' : ((m.coefficient.sign() === 1) ? '+' : '') + m.tex)
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Add the equal sign
+            equStr.push('=')
+
+            // Add the right hand part of the equation (should be only a number, because it has been reordered)
+            equStr.push(equ.right.tex)
+
+            // Add the operations if existing
+            if (operators?.[i] !== undefined) {
+                // add extra space at the end of the equation
+                equStr[equStr.length - 1] = equStr[equStr.length - 1] + ' \\phantom{\\quad}'
+                for (const o of operators[i]) {
+                    equStr.push(`\\ \\cdot\\ ${o.startsWith('-') ? "\\left(" + o + "\\right)" : o}`)
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Add to the list.
+            equArray.push(equStr.join('&'))
+        }
+
+        let operatorsColumns = 0
+        if (operators !== undefined && operators.length > 0) {
+            operatorsColumns = operators[0].length
+        }
+
+        return `\\left\\{\\begin{array}{${"r".repeat(letters.length)}cl ${"|l".repeat(operatorsColumns)}}${equArray.join('\\\\ ')}\\end{array}\\right.`
+    }
+
+    public degree(letter?: string): Fraction {
+        return Fraction.max(...this.#equations.map(equ => equ.degree(letter)))
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------
+    public get equations(): Equation[] {
+        return this.#equations
+    }
+
+    public set equations(value) {
+        this.#equations = value
+
+        // update the variables.
+        this.#findLetters()
+    }
+
+    public evaluate(values: InputValue<Fraction> | literalType<number | Fraction>, asNumeric?: boolean): number | Fraction {
+        throw new Error("Method not implemented.")
+    }
+
+    public hasVariable(letter: string): boolean {
+        return this.#variables.includes(letter)
+    }
+
+    public isEqual(value: LinearSystem): boolean {
+        return this.equations.every((equ, index) => equ.isEqual(value.equations[index]))
+    }
+
+    public get isSolvable(): boolean {
+        const V = this.variables
+
+        // TODO: in some case, it is possible to resolve systems if there isn't the isSame number of vars and equations
+        if (V.length !== this.#equations.length) {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        //TODO: Must check if two equations isn't a linear combination of the others ?
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    public get matrix(): [Fraction[][], Fraction[]] {
+        //TODO: use Matrix class
+        return this.#makeMatrix()
+    }
+
+    public mergeEquations(equation1: { id: number, factor: InputValue<Fraction> }, equation2: {
+        id: number,
+        factor: number
+    }): Equation {
+        // Set and clone the equations.
+        const eq1multiplied = this.equations[equation1.id].clone().multiply(equation1.factor)
+        const eq2multiplied = this.equations[equation2.id].clone().multiply(equation2.factor)
+
+        // Add both equations together.
+        return eq1multiplied.add(eq2multiplied)
+    }
+
+    public multiply(value: InputValue<Fraction> | InputValue<Fraction>[], index?: number): this {
+        // Multiply the asSystem by a number
+        // the value can be an array of numbers
+        // the value can be a number and the index of the equation to multiply
+        if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+            if (value.length !== this.#equations.length) {
+                throw new Error("The number of values must be the same as the number of equations")
+            }
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+                this.#equations[i].multiply(value[i])
+            }
+            return this
+        }
+
+        if (index === undefined || index < 0 || index >= this.#equations.length) {
+            throw new Error("Index out of range")
+        }
+
+        this.#equations[index].multiply(value)
+
+        return this
+    }
+
+    public reduce(): this {
+        // reduce all equations at once.
+        this.equations.forEach(equ=>equ.reduce())
+        return this
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------
+    public reorder = (): this => {
+        for (const E of this.#equations) {
+            E.reorder()
+        }
+
+        return this
+    }
+
+    solve(): Solution[] {
+        // TODO : à retravailler, car ce n'est ni l'endroit, ni l'intérêt de l'avoir ici.
+        // 1. search in the equations if a variable has two same or opposite value = candidate for merging
+        // 2. if 1 is false, search for a variable that has coefficient one
+        // 3. if 2 is false, search for a variable that has a coefficient multiple of another.
+        // 4. if 3 is false, multiply both lines.
+        // => merge the equations and cycle.
+        const output: string[] = [this.tex]
+
+        const LS = this.clone()
+
+        while (LS.variables.length>1){
+            const letter = LS.variables[LS.variables.length-1]
+            const emptyLS = new LinearSystem()
+            const factors = LS.solve_compute_factors(letter).slice(0, LS.variables.length-1)
+            factors.forEach(factor=> {
+                emptyLS.equations.push(LS.mergeEquations(...factor))
+            })
+
+            LS.equations = emptyLS.equations
+
+            output.push(LS.tex)
+
+            // add the same but with a reduced value.
+            LS.reduce()
+            output.push(LS.tex)
+        }
+
+        return []
+    }
+
+    public solveMatrix = (): Fraction[] => {
+        const [matrix, vector] = this.matrix
+        // Solve the matrix
+
+        // Make the augmented matrix (matrix + vector)
+        const augmentedMatrix: Fraction[][] = matrix.map((row, index) => [...row, vector[index]])
+
+        // Reduce the matrix
+        for (let i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
+            // Find the pivot (the first non-zero element in the row)
+            let pivot = augmentedMatrix[i][i].clone()
+            if (pivot.isZero()) {
+                // throw new Error('Divide by zero !')
+                // Search a line below that would add it.
+                const row_to_add = augmentedMatrix
+                    .find((row, index) => {
+                        return index > i && !row[i].isZero()
+                    })
+
+                if (row_to_add) {
+                    augmentedMatrix[i].forEach((value, index) => value.add(row_to_add[index]))
+                    pivot = augmentedMatrix[i][i].clone()
+                } else {
+                    throw new Error('Unsolvable...')
+                }
+
+
+            }
+
+            // Normalize the row: divide all elements by the pivot
+            // the pivot is now 1
+            augmentedMatrix[i] = augmentedMatrix[i].map(x => x.divide(pivot))
+
+            // reduce the other rows using the pivot.
+            for (let j = 0; j < matrix.length; j++) {
+                if (j === i) {
+                    continue
+                }
+
+                const factor = augmentedMatrix[j][i].clone().opposite()
+                for (let k = 0; k < augmentedMatrix[j].length; k++) {
+                    augmentedMatrix[j][k].add(augmentedMatrix[i][k].clone().multiply(factor))
+                }
+
+                // Check if the asSystem is undetermined (no solution or infinite solutions)
+                // the j line must not be all zeros
+                // the last element must be zero => the asSystem is undetermined
+                // the last element must not be zero => the asSystem is impossible
+                if (augmentedMatrix[j].slice(0, augmentedMatrix[j].length - 1).every(x => x.isZero())) {
+                    if (augmentedMatrix[j][augmentedMatrix[j].length - 1].isZero()) {
+                        return [new Fraction().infinite()]
+                    } else {
+                        return []
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return augmentedMatrix.map(x => x[x.length - 1])
+    }
+
+    solve_compute_factors(letter: string):
+        [{ id: number, factor: number }, { id: number, factor: number }][] {
+        // when solving, every monoms with a variable is on the left !
+        // and every coefficient are relative numbers.
+        const result: [{ id: number, factor: number }, { id: number, factor: number }][] = []
+        const coefficients = this.equations.map(equ => equ.left.monomByLetter(letter).coefficient.value)
+
+        // search for a factor
+        coefficients.forEach((reference, index) => {
+            for (let i = index + 1; i < coefficients.length; i++) {
+                const lcm = Numeric.lcm(reference, coefficients[i])
+
+                const sign = reference < 0 ? -1 : 1
+                result.push([
+                    {
+                        id: index, factor: sign * lcm / reference
+                    }, {
+                        id: i, factor: -sign * lcm / coefficients[i]
+                    }])
+            }
+        })
+
+        // Sort the value: prefer the smallest absolute values (1/-1, 2/-2, ...)
+        return result.sort((a, b) => {
+            return (Math.abs(a[0].factor) + Math.abs(a[1].factor)) - (Math.abs(b[0].factor) + Math.abs(b[1].factor))
+        })
+    }
+
+    public subtract(value: InputValue<LinearSystem | Equation | Polynom>, index?: number): this {
+        if (value instanceof LinearSystem) {
+            const length = value.equations.length
+            if (length !== this.#equations.length) {
+                throw new Error("The number of equations must be the same")
+            }
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                this.#equations[i].subtract(value.equations[i])
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (index === undefined || index < 0 || index >= this.#equations.length) {
+                throw new Error("Index out of range")
+            }
+            const equ = new Equation(value)
+            this.#equations[index].subtract(equ)
+        }
+
+        return this
+    }
+
+    public get variables(): string[] {
+        return this.#variables
+    }
+
+    public set variables(value: string | string[]) {
+        const vars = (typeof value === "string") ? value.split('') : [...value]
+        vars.sort()
+        this.#variables = vars
+    }
+
+    #findLetters = (): this => {
+        this.#variables = this.#equations.reduce((acc: string[], equ) => {
+            return [...new Set([...acc, ...equ.variables])]
+        }, [])
+
+        this.#variables.sort()
+        return this
+    }
+
+    #makeMatrix = (): [Fraction[][], Fraction[]] => {
+        // Make the matrix
+        const matrix: Fraction[][] = []
+        const vector: Fraction[] = []
+
+        for (const E of this.#equations) {
+            const row: Fraction[] = []
+
+            const equ = E.clone().reorder()
+            for (const L of this.variables) {
+                const m = equ.left.monomByLetter(L)
+                row.push(m.coefficient)
+            }
+
+            // Add the "no letter part"
+            vector.push(equ.right.monoms[0].coefficient)
+
+            // Add to the matrix
+            matrix.push(row)
+        }
+
+        return [matrix, vector]
+    }
+
+}

package/src/algebra/logicalset.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/**
+ * Polynom module contains everything necessary to handle polynoms.
+ * @module Logicalset
+ */
+import {ShutingYard, ShutingyardMode} from "piexpression"
+
+/**
+ * Polynom class can handle polynoms, reorder, resolve, ...
+ */
+export class LogicalSet {
+    #rpn: { token: string, tokenType: string }[]
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param {string} value (optional) Default polynom to parse on class creation
+     */
+    constructor(value?: string) {
+        this.#rpn = []
+
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+            this.parse(value)
+        }
+
+        return this
+    }
+
+    parse = (value: string): this => {
+        // Parse the updated value to the shutingyard algorithm
+        this.#rpn = new ShutingYard(ShutingyardMode.SET)
+            .parse(value)
+            .rpn
+
+        return this
+    }
+
+    get tex(): string {
+        const varStack: { token: string, tokenType: string }[] = []
+
+        for (const token of this.#rpn) {
+            if (token.tokenType === 'variable') {
+                varStack.push(token)
+            } else {
+                switch (token.token) {
+                    case '&':
+                        if (varStack.length >= 2) {
+                            const second = varStack.pop(),
+                                first = varStack.pop()
+
+                            if (second && first) {
+                                if (first.tokenType === 'mix') {
+                                    first.token = `( ${first.token} )`
+                                }
+                                if (second.tokenType === 'mix') {
+                                    second.token = `( ${second.token} )`
+                                }
+                                varStack.push({token: `${first.token} \\cap ${second.token}`, tokenType: 'mix'})
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break
+                    case '|':
+                        if (varStack.length >= 2) {
+                            const second = varStack.pop(),
+                                first = varStack.pop()
+
+                            if (second && first) {
+                                if (first.tokenType === 'mix') {
+                                    first.token = `( ${first.token} )`
+                                }
+                                if (second.tokenType === 'mix') {
+                                    second.token = `( ${second.token} )`
+                                }
+                                varStack.push({token: `${first.token} \\cup ${second.token}`, tokenType: 'mix'})
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break
+                    case '-':
+                        if (varStack.length >= 2) {
+                            const second = varStack.pop(),
+                                first = varStack.pop()
+
+                            if (second && first) {
+                                if (first.tokenType === 'mix') {
+                                    first.token = `( ${first.token} )`
+                                }
+                                if (second.tokenType === 'mix') {
+                                    second.token = `( ${second.token} )`
+                                }
+                                varStack.push({token: `${first.token} \\setminus ${second.token}`, tokenType: 'mix'})
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break
+                    case '!':
+                        if (varStack.length >= 1) {
+                            const first = varStack.pop()
+
+                            if (first) {
+                                varStack.push({token: `\\overline{ ${first.token} }`, tokenType: 'variable'})
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return varStack[0].token
+    }
+
+    evaluate(values: Record<string, boolean>): boolean {
+        // Add missing key(s) and set them as false by default.
+        this.variables.forEach(key => {
+            if (!Object.hasOwn(values, key)) {
+                values[key] = false
+            }
+        })
+
+        const stack: boolean[] = []
+        for (const token of this.#rpn) {
+            if (token.tokenType === 'variable') {
+                stack.push(values[token.token])
+            } else if (token.tokenType === 'operation') {
+                if (token.token === '!') {
+                    // need only one item from stack
+                    if (stack.length >= 1) {
+                        const a = stack.pop()
+                        stack.push(!a)
+                    } else {
+                        return false
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // All other operations needs two items from stack
+                    const a = stack.pop()
+                    const b = stack.pop()
+                    if (a !== undefined && b !== undefined) {
+                        switch (token.token) {
+                            case "&":
+                                stack.push(a && b)
+                                break
+                            case "|":
+                                stack.push(a || b)
+                                break
+                            case "-":
+                                return false
+                        }
+
+                    } else {
+                        return false
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return stack.length === 1 && stack[0]
+    }
+
+    get rpn(): { token: string, tokenType: string }[] {
+        return this.#rpn
+    }
+
+    get variables(): string[] {
+        return this.#rpn
+            .filter(value => value.tokenType === 'variable')
+            .map(value => value.token)
+    }
+
+    vennAB(): string[] {
+        return this.#evaluateAsVenn({
+                A: ['A', 'AB'],
+                B: ['B', 'AB']
+            },
+            ['A', 'B', 'AB', 'E']
+        )
+    }
+
+    vennABC(): string[] {
+        return this.#evaluateAsVenn({
+                A: ['A', 'AB', 'AC', 'ABC'],
+                B: ['B', 'AB', 'BC', 'ABC'],
+                C: ['C', 'AC', 'BC', 'ABC']
+            },
+            ['A', 'B', 'C', 'AB', 'AC', 'BC', 'ABC', 'E']
+        )
+    }
+
+    #evaluateAsVenn(tokenSets: Record<string, string[] | undefined>, reference?: string[]): string[] {
+        const varStack: (Set<string>)[] = []
+
+        let referenceSet: Set<string>
+        if (reference === undefined) {
+            referenceSet = new Set()
+            for (const key in tokenSets) {
+                referenceSet = new Set([
+                    ...referenceSet,
+                    ...(tokenSets[key] ?? [])
+                ])
+            }
+        } else {
+            referenceSet = new Set(reference)
+        }
+
+        for (const token of this.#rpn) {
+            if (token.tokenType === 'variable') {
+                // The variable has no token - assume it's empty.
+                if (tokenSets[token.token] === undefined) {
+                    varStack.push(new Set())
+                } else {
+                    varStack.push(new Set(tokenSets[token.token]))
+                }
+
+            } else {
+                switch (token.token) {
+                    case '&':
+                        if (varStack.length >= 2) {
+                            const second = varStack.pop(),
+                                first = varStack.pop()
+
+                            if (first && second) {
+                                varStack.push(new Set([...first].filter(x => second.has(x))))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break
+                    case '|':
+                        if (varStack.length >= 2) {
+                            const second = varStack.pop(),
+                                first = varStack.pop()
+                            if (first && second) {
+                                varStack.push(new Set([...first, ...second]))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break
+                    case '-':
+                        if (varStack.length >= 2) {
+                            const second = varStack.pop(),
+                                first = varStack.pop()
+
+                            if (first && second) {
+                                varStack.push(new Set([...first].filter(x => !second.has(x))))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break
+                    case '!':
+                        if (varStack.length >= 1) {
+                            const first = varStack.pop()
+
+                            if (first) {
+                                varStack.push(new Set([...referenceSet].filter(x => !first.has(x))))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return [...varStack[0]].sort()
+    }
+}