pi-codex-auto-review 0.1.0

package/node_modules/node-forge/tests/unit/x509.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1986 @@
+var ASSERT = require('assert');
+var ASN1 = require('../../lib/asn1');
+var MD = require('../../lib/md.all');
+var PKI = require('../../lib/pki');
+var UTIL = require('../../lib/util');
+
+(function() {
+  var _pem = {
+    privateKey: '-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n' +
+      'MIICXQIBAAKBgQDL0EugUiNGMWscLAVM0VoMdhDZEJOqdsUMpx9U0YZI7szokJqQ\r\n' +
+      'NIwokiQ6EonNnWSMlIvy46AhnlRYn+ezeTeU7eMGTkP3VF29vXBo+dLq5e+8VyAy\r\n' +
+      'Q3FzM1wI4ts4hRACF8w6mqygXQ7i/SDu8/rXqRGtvnM+z0MYDdKo80efzwIDAQAB\r\n' +
+      'AoGAIzkGONi5G+JifmXlLJdplom486p3upf4Ce2/7mqfaG9MnkyPSairKD/JXvfh\r\n' +
+      'NNWkkN8DKKDKBcVVElPgORYT0qwrWc7ueLBMUCbRXb1ZyfEulimG0R3kjUh7NYau\r\n' +
+      'DaIkVgfykXGSQMZx8FoaT6L080zd+0emKDDYRrb+/kgJNJECQQDoUZoiC2K/DWNY\r\n' +
+      'h3/ppZ0ane2y4SBmJUHJVMPQ2CEgxsrJTxet668ckNCKaOP/3VFPoWC41f17DvKq\r\n' +
+      'noYINNntAkEA4JbZBZBVUrQFhHlrpXT4jzqtO2RlKZzEq8qmFZfEErxOT1WMyyCi\r\n' +
+      'lAQ5gUKardo1Kf0omC8Xq/uO9ZYdED55KwJBALs6cJ65UFaq4oLJiQPzLd7yokuE\r\n' +
+      'dcj8g71PLBTW6jPxIiMFNA89nz3FU9wIVp+xbMNhSoMMKqIPVPC+m0Rn260CQQDA\r\n' +
+      'I83fWK/mZWUjBM33a68KumRiH238v8XyQxj7+C8i6D8G2GXvkigFAehAkb7LZZd+\r\n' +
+      'KLuGFyPlWv3fVWHf99KpAkBQFKk3MRMl6IGJZUEFQe4l5whm8LkGU4acSqv9B3xt\r\n' +
+      'qROkCrsFrMPqjuuzEmyHoQZ64r2PLJg7FOuyhBnQUOt4\r\n' +
+      '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n',
+    publicKey: '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n' +
+      'MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDL0EugUiNGMWscLAVM0VoMdhDZ\r\n' +
+      'EJOqdsUMpx9U0YZI7szokJqQNIwokiQ6EonNnWSMlIvy46AhnlRYn+ezeTeU7eMG\r\n' +
+      'TkP3VF29vXBo+dLq5e+8VyAyQ3FzM1wI4ts4hRACF8w6mqygXQ7i/SDu8/rXqRGt\r\n' +
+      'vnM+z0MYDdKo80efzwIDAQAB\r\n' +
+      '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n',
+    certificate: '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+      'MIIDIjCCAougAwIBAgIJANE2aHSbwpaRMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMGoxCzAJBgNV\r\n' +
+      'BAYTAlVTMREwDwYDVQQIEwhWaXJnaW5pYTETMBEGA1UEBxMKQmxhY2tzYnVyZzEN\r\n' +
+      'MAsGA1UEChMEVGVzdDENMAsGA1UECxMEVGVzdDEVMBMGA1UEAxMMbXlzZXJ2ZXIu\r\n' +
+      'Y29tMB4XDTEwMDYxOTE3MzYyOFoXDTExMDYxOTE3MzYyOFowajELMAkGA1UEBhMC\r\n' +
+      'VVMxETAPBgNVBAgTCFZpcmdpbmlhMRMwEQYDVQQHEwpCbGFja3NidXJnMQ0wCwYD\r\n' +
+      'VQQKEwRUZXN0MQ0wCwYDVQQLEwRUZXN0MRUwEwYDVQQDEwxteXNlcnZlci5jb20w\r\n' +
+      'gZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAMvQS6BSI0YxaxwsBUzRWgx2ENkQ\r\n' +
+      'k6p2xQynH1TRhkjuzOiQmpA0jCiSJDoSic2dZIyUi/LjoCGeVFif57N5N5Tt4wZO\r\n' +
+      'Q/dUXb29cGj50url77xXIDJDcXMzXAji2ziFEAIXzDqarKBdDuL9IO7z+tepEa2+\r\n' +
+      'cz7PQxgN0qjzR5/PAgMBAAGjgc8wgcwwHQYDVR0OBBYEFPV1Y+DHXW6bA/r9sv1y\r\n' +
+      'NJ8jAwMAMIGcBgNVHSMEgZQwgZGAFPV1Y+DHXW6bA/r9sv1yNJ8jAwMAoW6kbDBq\r\n' +
+      'MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzERMA8GA1UECBMIVmlyZ2luaWExEzARBgNVBAcTCkJsYWNr\r\n' +
+      'c2J1cmcxDTALBgNVBAoTBFRlc3QxDTALBgNVBAsTBFRlc3QxFTATBgNVBAMTDG15\r\n' +
+      'c2VydmVyLmNvbYIJANE2aHSbwpaRMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEF\r\n' +
+      'BQADgYEARdH2KOlJWTC1CS2y/PAvg4uiM31PXMC1hqSdJlnLM1MY4hRfuf9VyTeX\r\n' +
+      'Y6FdybcyDLSxKn9id+g9229ci9/s9PI+QmD5vXd8yZyScLc2JkYB4GC6+9D1+/+x\r\n' +
+      's2hzMxuK6kzZlP+0l9LGcraMQPGRydjCARZZm4Uegln9rh85XFQ=\r\n' +
+      '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n'
+  };
+
+  var _pem_sha256 = {
+    privateKey: '-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n' +
+      'MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAgqu7/2ntXa9rzqiUvDD2swStK8w7MFtha/OiwzEDJng7mZUs\r\n' +
+      'uy7Neqh5S1Z+nWq7NP51ol//tnNCrWM6VozrJKTAEC2qj3k+bMWnjuTU7sTJHpoZ\r\n' +
+      '9wdCqS9q7oOJhqwBxS7M9l8LNA+6I4Qj1bY1g2XeZsxEjJfCvILa3yBzztL3CxSF\r\n' +
+      'R36FoOo9IpzYlVcE9mqTdJgTwR43ZsFNCRAkfSqJjLKy1A2+aDxUcrom2OrLSITI\r\n' +
+      'CWqz5R1hFIIIB0aprjpz5F2MunciUAhTjUqrQPCtw17wmwmaeXZsu0zoq9P/VtKE\r\n' +
+      'AxtQkS4tqgnodBzmmgM8YemjkJAVHQzkH8jiGQIDAQABAoIBAQAMuYiPMNOKogCP\r\n' +
+      'mV8SjHoZqMTsVPEWnm94QbuB4o35+w9iv2IhwEcGQM2/BmdCERi16mmuLEcMj2DY\r\n' +
+      '3abastJbOSfy61+GpTntAbp1cddCgStMrZkFs1FMhG+XVnvX/3wUpaAUBeFjanyn\r\n' +
+      '5MBQmXPQneTwgcfTIRw3m06RF+nvI/ssIz6oHTDTTwRanTa64KYCww/fcX0XCLGw\r\n' +
+      'D4GYaRrBLvglp27omQCLuCBp1Dedwx5+JRnybyQm1ZYVJ0kirD/qVDRJqQN6z2N/\r\n' +
+      '3XmvOc6yNnzNQwKDlFFs6VxLG/i/sv+TekiPIP2LIQ1V/0ojUJriRdPAe/dhER5E\r\n' +
+      'ku2n+k75AoGBAPDUZNyqPqFTUaLj6mdTEIvLbG0Dx0/EZTalUohFUBpJSxSUuNIS\r\n' +
+      '6z+2dohTO5qj6Mv1JpXqXEWmRQisBl8ibizD5KJkgQW0EptmJf5BU9bnqYllgjZj\r\n' +
+      'jJsBixFFcwbFUwD4vg7NjYrxEv2Wjv8II0rVNbEh61F35vMNdmgMsu0TAoGBAIrm\r\n' +
+      '7NbFDDBWREyFZKZdVhTo2AR8JyWuWdOO7EFbv+mzHy7TkgscwYlV4yeU/+TG6KLG\r\n' +
+      'WPo5AX2mWL/zI2Zjd2Quw002e6Y9ZIO8CUK8iocrvhNy+Bfli2XyjYZxRIILQeKX\r\n' +
+      'ID/h+gyzViKOXFclbUkubnm/kEGwWO8hRQvh/TWjAoGAUwbGZxUCVpfk8yVkMI8A\r\n' +
+      'i1FsZgEBe8yXoElKtNRAk29lRQko1rPTCrobD1CyodOUdIxl6xVLDnAOKLk10SKL\r\n' +
+      'nT9D2YCQwqicKZsDyi43e0WOu2GVjK6xUNctXJz21QS+Yv1eeLgA7j/Cbk6zqdTi\r\n' +
+      'ZfAvfIvXFtUhd/XSNnj6TqUCgYBKGrE4U6ARGbUObgwohZsrRJ4apnHsNHxP1exN\r\n' +
+      'Yjmc4Kc+QDmmHA1Uy7GIqIFs+IGcdd16gXc+JcUrgvfb5C0KEbi4NNz67730WhlG\r\n' +
+      'tXfibX/WuHuLpDceiKzgkQVPq9nWnXHjIxhYNkU54mF5TMplRJRD9+NqaD7KNSG1\r\n' +
+      'GTgRqQKBgQCSJ2W29p2uOrl+OcogFMSfZYkwJsKR25S/c7BAvsH7dVdtqSdBsRg2\r\n' +
+      'zWEwWAGyd7BJsZd0gVCea9CHfZYwDoCC4nA7sRFVLAqWfRsmrALORIiXHBYD6SrL\r\n' +
+      'H1G4nr6HK6/Ur0WTQQmwyz1Yw+ZhyShVRo+9NN2a3gA1n25wP3n6gQ==\r\n' +
+      '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n',
+    publicKey: '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n' +
+      'MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAgqu7/2ntXa9rzqiUvDD2\r\n' +
+      'swStK8w7MFtha/OiwzEDJng7mZUsuy7Neqh5S1Z+nWq7NP51ol//tnNCrWM6Vozr\r\n' +
+      'JKTAEC2qj3k+bMWnjuTU7sTJHpoZ9wdCqS9q7oOJhqwBxS7M9l8LNA+6I4Qj1bY1\r\n' +
+      'g2XeZsxEjJfCvILa3yBzztL3CxSFR36FoOo9IpzYlVcE9mqTdJgTwR43ZsFNCRAk\r\n' +
+      'fSqJjLKy1A2+aDxUcrom2OrLSITICWqz5R1hFIIIB0aprjpz5F2MunciUAhTjUqr\r\n' +
+      'QPCtw17wmwmaeXZsu0zoq9P/VtKEAxtQkS4tqgnodBzmmgM8YemjkJAVHQzkH8ji\r\n' +
+      'GQIDAQAB\r\n' +
+      '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n',
+    certificate: '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+      'MIIECTCCAvGgAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBpMRQwEgYDVQQDEwtleGFt\r\n' +
+      'cGxlLm9yZzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxETAPBgNVBAgTCFZpcmdpbmlhMRMwEQYDVQQH\r\n' +
+      'EwpCbGFja3NidXJnMQ0wCwYDVQQKEwRUZXN0MQ0wCwYDVQQLEwRUZXN0MB4XDTE1\r\n' +
+      'MTAwOTE3NTc1NloXDTE2MTAwOTE3NTc1NlowaTEUMBIGA1UEAxMLZXhhbXBsZS5v\r\n' +
+      'cmcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMREwDwYDVQQIEwhWaXJnaW5pYTETMBEGA1UEBxMKQmxh\r\n' +
+      'Y2tzYnVyZzENMAsGA1UEChMEVGVzdDENMAsGA1UECxMEVGVzdDCCASIwDQYJKoZI\r\n' +
+      'hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAIKru/9p7V2va86olLww9rMErSvMOzBbYWvz\r\n' +
+      'osMxAyZ4O5mVLLsuzXqoeUtWfp1quzT+daJf/7ZzQq1jOlaM6ySkwBAtqo95PmzF\r\n' +
+      'p47k1O7EyR6aGfcHQqkvau6DiYasAcUuzPZfCzQPuiOEI9W2NYNl3mbMRIyXwryC\r\n' +
+      '2t8gc87S9wsUhUd+haDqPSKc2JVXBPZqk3SYE8EeN2bBTQkQJH0qiYyystQNvmg8\r\n' +
+      'VHK6Jtjqy0iEyAlqs+UdYRSCCAdGqa46c+RdjLp3IlAIU41Kq0DwrcNe8JsJmnl2\r\n' +
+      'bLtM6KvT/1bShAMbUJEuLaoJ6HQc5poDPGHpo5CQFR0M5B/I4hkCAwEAAaOBuzCB\r\n' +
+      'uDAMBgNVHRMEBTADAQH/MAsGA1UdDwQEAwIC9DA7BgNVHSUENDAyBggrBgEFBQcD\r\n' +
+      'AQYIKwYBBQUHAwIGCCsGAQUFBwMDBggrBgEFBQcDBAYIKwYBBQUHAwgwEQYJYIZI\r\n' +
+      'AYb4QgEBBAQDAgD3MCwGA1UdEQQlMCOGG2h0dHA6Ly9leGFtcGxlLm9yZy93ZWJp\r\n' +
+      'ZCNtZYcEfwAAATAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUyX839dHHD+pAfU9F5t/rpQaq3LQwDQYJKoZI\r\n' +
+      'hvcNAQELBQADggEBAGfr9yMwTXoHbZAj/8bRCfKUUg/xIbQY0RtuDwGKBnzVcz7r\r\n' +
+      'NpocyEBUFvlbsXK4Dwpql41nYPwEpmm486gpWDqSBB0p0jF3HNHihKhCcR0LDQLt\r\n' +
+      'hBP7SbX76uL4cHoJkbAVbc4FGARCkE7eVZ0sBWUPmLqVh2JmzlC3geq7Obs7HCvq\r\n' +
+      'eStorsBlDZt27/N+xhvxdUTGJgiTBxk6BrRLGxUeor9TLRpZ2wsoMSnkIcQyooZ4\r\n' +
+      'iGAZsqUyanWODz0o6R02kSpTA3zx6LssLuLdnxfi1EmHMSM27Lxuw308XzirTxM2\r\n' +
+      '/N0H5AwUc057+HoygLPfddxOfxHGXz4VmEKMcJ8=\r\n' +
+      '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n'
+  };
+
+  var _pem_sha512 = {
+    privateKey: '-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n' +
+      'MIIEowIBAAKCAQEAmy+xwQpZMYkMWHhw+kh2TDGbG+AF1w6BFVQ6CduEjUzD5d/j\r\n' +
+      'URtkaeb0RO/uba+J92DMgJJLWlcTe5FpQMb2lxOrNoYP+suWnNxU7QD5vQ4OiJ+i\r\n' +
+      '3nTMly9LMB3BEEea2ZJRpVboJxRBeGl6pKz4obFfoFxqtSww38Cw8h5Nplt+LXR/\r\n' +
+      'wq8yCpmN9hTE4CSw8iioIqxOZem3sz4//jcMHJ5/aiTjXwseE8eWjaVfvpDESuwQ\r\n' +
+      'MNjfJYYP0onzEZmTtztyAspsyf0GZBjd1ew2nVCY0cCkQ1+tqYk7H9rjlj1PxduC\r\n' +
+      'a4aGVKZjIBFnZXhCE23znOgVt9PxFMPUrmHwqwIDAQABAoIBAC68UWMak7wIUxB9\r\n' +
+      'zUCC/CV8NwNRF1EqDBP5VrVLSAMp4EFliNcPUdFW/a+ZNowP9pPqsgvygwEFAlgP\r\n' +
+      'dcxNX0wmX0S/YSadk5FQBb+OsKeQCS56LRmjwU2yr4khHNijR+5IU5BguO+z+Pej\r\n' +
+      'hIz9jq9bdLoduwEu+tUX+fIg0C/OGfxKQrOXIW3hiJDilx2Bt+eyUYrtIxBhwNC9\r\n' +
+      'jwwMCUFlcbvQSwq+Vx50v2LVjqalJMdMLQiULsF9nPw7EdUJz+aoM4STv7l4miXi\r\n' +
+      'utkF4xlAl8lnJKOycsFPbqBBaypZoY3O3mKkWtSFRjD4oNW/juBGHTimPWRYgW3V\r\n' +
+      'Q+IVHpkCgYEA75+vMp2Expq+iCa+UoV48HIVdiCaCk4vRedVe4IHyWxEkaliCHga\r\n' +
+      'e9wAsxWipDxROv3yoLxlbddnZSD2YaYaIALH/xpSWlcBHZupyq6jNF7R+14Yx155\r\n' +
+      '88iGyoYKNE2VrcVlL164LIqaEB4lxYanhotwqcC5O6IOhpZZ7jSC/H8CgYEApcq9\r\n' +
+      '/G5po1BgYVZ2hdxTqdx8wniWaQNd7EVpogBhJ4KLC+tN42+vBHJT6BQp/PFRWjY5\r\n' +
+      'fiC1zwI8ufL12F4T8+ZcQVZkHpLjKporYolYmQm/T8wNDwOziYB67Jp9M2EHdei/\r\n' +
+      'HNo2FUsXRm+Tb1utiQn7AyJ6PHwwJAU1LbtYpdUCgYEAg4R/YiZ2c5MHNC8fkqdT\r\n' +
+      'Q5U6FkW6hiF3bMSVdF5f67uSvufauI9C6exMLf6X79BzPQ+YlYQRn4H0a9r1n47N\r\n' +
+      'E/iy0F8gCBlssVV4kZfcV6gbU/3HV9WQ1a6f3JRJEX/rwR5wdNll+HxyJpqFXK6V\r\n' +
+      'UBFEWsc+Y26EznXDEiycH/0CgYBxwfMqSfhh/ryjDVi18L/XRVq1dVh/JbhEbjxU\r\n' +
+      '1D3VhlUyEHqZHADS5D9+dpd433wakipQyND3AWn5jSPzGlpGeEHE8yovcEo+6Rnr\r\n' +
+      'uqH4ICAM+M3dB4UhS+8MedR+dI1R8ilv+qoxYhzOT7CyMA2agiaht/53kh7WGFys\r\n' +
+      'zGe/IQKBgALJnE5CVQLaJgFcWGH2rnD6hWVh1DdV8ockzLg7ulUW0U5gueHWnaWv\r\n' +
+      'PhP/P0YWF250IWmEm73LCZi3Cv3gBIwvn5pV3GHjMUexTQ3iODsGC8SdL0svnUTc\r\n' +
+      '5/VlSjAKS4Mn9gwutcXX9/Y2AJa4O6S/QfAQeU5aqkk/Fs+31ose\r\n' +
+      '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n',
+    publicKey: '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n' +
+      'MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmy+xwQpZMYkMWHhw+kh2\r\n' +
+      'TDGbG+AF1w6BFVQ6CduEjUzD5d/jURtkaeb0RO/uba+J92DMgJJLWlcTe5FpQMb2\r\n' +
+      'lxOrNoYP+suWnNxU7QD5vQ4OiJ+i3nTMly9LMB3BEEea2ZJRpVboJxRBeGl6pKz4\r\n' +
+      'obFfoFxqtSww38Cw8h5Nplt+LXR/wq8yCpmN9hTE4CSw8iioIqxOZem3sz4//jcM\r\n' +
+      'HJ5/aiTjXwseE8eWjaVfvpDESuwQMNjfJYYP0onzEZmTtztyAspsyf0GZBjd1ew2\r\n' +
+      'nVCY0cCkQ1+tqYk7H9rjlj1PxduCa4aGVKZjIBFnZXhCE23znOgVt9PxFMPUrmHw\r\n' +
+      'qwIDAQAB\r\n' +
+      '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n',
+    certificate: '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+      'MIIECTCCAvGgAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0FADBpMRQwEgYDVQQDEwtleGFt\r\n' +
+      'cGxlLm9yZzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxETAPBgNVBAgTCFZpcmdpbmlhMRMwEQYDVQQH\r\n' +
+      'EwpCbGFja3NidXJnMQ0wCwYDVQQKEwRUZXN0MQ0wCwYDVQQLEwRUZXN0MB4XDTE1\r\n' +
+      'MTAwOTE4MDEwOVoXDTE2MTAwOTE4MDEwOVowaTEUMBIGA1UEAxMLZXhhbXBsZS5v\r\n' +
+      'cmcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMREwDwYDVQQIEwhWaXJnaW5pYTETMBEGA1UEBxMKQmxh\r\n' +
+      'Y2tzYnVyZzENMAsGA1UEChMEVGVzdDENMAsGA1UECxMEVGVzdDCCASIwDQYJKoZI\r\n' +
+      'hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAJsvscEKWTGJDFh4cPpIdkwxmxvgBdcOgRVU\r\n' +
+      'OgnbhI1Mw+Xf41EbZGnm9ETv7m2vifdgzICSS1pXE3uRaUDG9pcTqzaGD/rLlpzc\r\n' +
+      'VO0A+b0ODoifot50zJcvSzAdwRBHmtmSUaVW6CcUQXhpeqSs+KGxX6BcarUsMN/A\r\n' +
+      'sPIeTaZbfi10f8KvMgqZjfYUxOAksPIoqCKsTmXpt7M+P/43DByef2ok418LHhPH\r\n' +
+      'lo2lX76QxErsEDDY3yWGD9KJ8xGZk7c7cgLKbMn9BmQY3dXsNp1QmNHApENframJ\r\n' +
+      'Ox/a45Y9T8XbgmuGhlSmYyARZ2V4QhNt85zoFbfT8RTD1K5h8KsCAwEAAaOBuzCB\r\n' +
+      'uDAMBgNVHRMEBTADAQH/MAsGA1UdDwQEAwIC9DA7BgNVHSUENDAyBggrBgEFBQcD\r\n' +
+      'AQYIKwYBBQUHAwIGCCsGAQUFBwMDBggrBgEFBQcDBAYIKwYBBQUHAwgwEQYJYIZI\r\n' +
+      'AYb4QgEBBAQDAgD3MCwGA1UdEQQlMCOGG2h0dHA6Ly9leGFtcGxlLm9yZy93ZWJp\r\n' +
+      'ZCNtZYcEfwAAATAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUaC1StQewfZ4bMUDUsnpzy/4+CZ8wDQYJKoZI\r\n' +
+      'hvcNAQENBQADggEBAGy58GzpSG3KAv0DILJPWhtxTRvbnd02AWO6fhCdx+siyQ02\r\n' +
+      'aKgkf1sAS0MGDDMGiwMKvBTz8+8HnfFx6cA7NG7xtuw9m8yb1LeNLbOc3/TCrG/U\r\n' +
+      'A27ZediP+hCqElB9MtNHyOx/vv+gdKXTFDG4PlykNFmFsGjrA+sA0OtwKRLPQCxp\r\n' +
+      'rUtGw+cw+xy3O68/unCl86wc8PA5r4uAaQBXdWThpAL0KJI1ky7auUwpsR+aWILJ\r\n' +
+      '0x6a9LOUnCMbbOTN31vRweFxD0qS2J8QMDkfNflvEWmpIZHF4UEoietXk+suP9tc\r\n' +
+      '87rtT63BEY6KcZJJ+oDnKiZuAujmf1iezC+YORs=\r\n' +
+      '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n'
+  };
+
+  var _pem_same_subject = [
+    '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+    'MIIBrDCCARWgAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAAMB4XDTE2MDgwNDE0NDcw\r\n' +
+    'MFoXDTE3MDgwNDE0NDcwMFowGTEXMBUGA1UEAxMOQ2VydCBBdXRob3JpdHkwgZ8w\r\n' +
+    'DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAMsBaqRGPC6bZh22NMmATSZq6E70SLfN\r\n' +
+    'esKFOG337k2belUHr9tXU2699p0fJjNgDntNTo+0Sfu5mMa+zAUqJ3PzQcJ2NVY7\r\n' +
+    'tYPqhDoPPooi8gv5F7EZZzZZ1FfkdHMSJVOwEn2ZAskN7eJyycibKIwRWu1ky8AK\r\n' +
+    'M6lZvzGgDaORAgMBAAGjHTAbMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wCwYDVR0PBAQDAgLEMA0G\r\n' +
+    'CSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBACYSi4PVsQVBu8vgUwDWNJs6+Qvuo4FtRuQNDg+aOa/O\r\n' +
+    'MyOQBv3flEHNGrg7BN72tAdmlZLjp/dz87u8AwRNdW0KqF3zYI9Hsni3JDQjC/ga\r\n' +
+    '//Si48IbHpJrApQD7y9wwO4xjZbHQPRQ8BUJZgg57xeQqDe95vnQ62c7Eqdt97e9\r\n' +
+    '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n',
+    '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+    'MIIBrzCCARigAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAAMB4XDTE2MDgwNDE0NDcw\r\n' +
+    'MFoXDTE4MDgwNDE0NDcwMFowGTEXMBUGA1UEAxMOQ2VydCBBdXRob3JpdHkwgZ8w\r\n' +
+    'DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAOepv6vtleShp+A4XwJwqVAoAkEeR3dG\r\n' +
+    '6ogwYTNMTtLMXoYYXPj3UnKSUbK0XiCY/UK1rSC6/jp8OMb9xvVZ5+AH3y7h2FRm\r\n' +
+    'gNLGGjuBPnfBea6FEuptk+//eheAQ0wl6Wre96zxILSyrPzBy8F91Ht/psO0WXIl\r\n' +
+    'dfh/XHhBY3D1AgMBAAGjIDAeMA8GA1UdEwQIMAYBAf8CAQIwCwYDVR0PBAQDAgKE\r\n' +
+    'MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBAIYjbuzf2dANljhEgAWVPeu50OJJYLoV5umRQjXF\r\n' +
+    'WfXc53ODU0usuHeeH14a63zW1jqfHgc475WEMgMLL/k0FechIuC9AdcDEgzGmBSG\r\n' +
+    'PDV8nxhU98gpj6I7ewsVk31WDQhFYeSuYJiDiiL47P0BXJLWb+86fFiQklsm5y0h\r\n' +
+    'Xt0s\r\n' +
+    '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n'
+  ];
+
+  var _pem_past_2050 = {
+    privateKey: '-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n' +
+      'MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQCtQM1R5VoB8Hrr\r\n' +
+      'hdL514H+oQN/FSIiHXsdoZlQqUEQ7yUBgC2c7fbq4Wm9AUHBkc/KfUGb9+ZeX6xo\r\n' +
+      '6L06M57QBD8nkSTStNHozlOwjnKu7DnlyW4j3ej9rBZzshLzAvWGZkx5sR1Eyz/2\r\n' +
+      '2Ns9PL+S4h3eiRGpTw3g3geI1wxBv3CCb/LUF5Wa4NWwIU1GP9S6d8MrOb3WGhR3\r\n' +
+      '64ZxajxSeX8R9WLsAo1Qx0dhsJ/UMwIibZ3hA9y1VBma2QyqQMzdY9OYC4oyE646\r\n' +
+      'WfyJzHscpc6KNiVsWnYDP9+NStQlvaXMwhaPFpyVkLLB0vHho4oMXgEDTCH1iIe4\r\n' +
+      'YGw01wQ/AgMBAAECggEAdx1wjHfFNEQkHr25WbDDXU9SWhMrjoz6UlsCT6SuaXgh\r\n' +
+      '1zBLK/OnqcEks5+jl/QqCqunahY8OnJI1S/+uX84Fwh0az2tNXjAQPFqNJ8bVgxv\r\n' +
+      'mf6tTNeLEq04Gn856/4C1E6NEbWly+B5r7tUsHuNsuznYFKY4/DIN+wu/fPsJ17X\r\n' +
+      'vbZiev6+OID/XCKPYWNRYiszBcmktGM5L+JLcYYPpxFYGFtw+khhUlazx0OmIuDB\r\n' +
+      'AaePTtyXb1qQNKHv6wy7l+BTBKAlxoQQHMCw5qsnCr9RHed7LJr0kssUbVaseUOg\r\n' +
+      'KMWtRG0Ms3ovOPWsVFC509gbGal8q+NSwyKd07SlQQKBgQDZX6bwE1H+V7r5GJwz\r\n' +
+      'EGRLrMUDbbCb2qqZcSn+TCk9hsJ6jeSwz9KjZ2qONcmMl3WY6XAOdTjmJZl20wF9\r\n' +
+      'GV58pZAoPhLh6tByX9RlUffXz+1KKMP0/5cxmwV8N0RBWrHcmRc6yMwJGZE7qBUh\r\n' +
+      'JX/77xj9yPoDW+uOSGp+f0nZMQKBgQDMChqQF1cw7iIljzmtOhSnSEiCH7WYCJgp\r\n' +
+      'um7KEGfFXxbNX07g6pojdjVFFf9uA6tPaiTnwXLc8wI8yiuwt8yPh60QTrcW/E/0\r\n' +
+      '+iQQGkwrFvWybbEuI++K6rOXdNMq7FEU467qN26lzHpagSEn6bXdss8L7AOcGRif\r\n' +
+      '0E/rSXlYbwKBgQDHFAA6vScJzmUxvyVG6ws/90IT6sClbHVzxB1WhX/7llDElvFM\r\n' +
+      'MXlTJ+KBzacB+LC904VJ6Hes5+CN35/sZ3COrb7B7F+0wi4XocZO6OwYnZhPo9gb\r\n' +
+      'qH1a9APpCGCdjid4xkhtEPs0llLZlQ2M5uA45ng37Xlz3Bp2m8HUilUi8QKBgQCa\r\n' +
+      'RpV5F7zciWIWRipVGZJePeBdSz6SOwVan9V/QVJFQTXLiWHp3Fk5sPpsR0rAU1Pn\r\n' +
+      'kxlehr2j5LZvYmoQj5jDedHYf7weTB7k23IDHu8ysYSLKjeK7K8FuZqbTUERtmdE\r\n' +
+      'RTePbuRhxq9I2VRJioPxom680/KSx8L/q5GSFRcETwKBgDZhnBZ7+dIKlPAgfwPC\r\n' +
+      'OCA2kKE+5UxyeAUeojNrSfHGdzF891PX+90D7sPfJi7SJU4E/UOMG/u8wUv5i2/+\r\n' +
+      '/nKOI6NwKB/m0FqpvxamuNJapn9RQ9bC7oz0Rj2Tho90mohwQG4DHF2uO8364Wb+\r\n' +
+      '9Bu1FCWmILPGcJM5iw6TJPA0\r\n' +
+      '-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n',
+    certificate: '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+      'MIIDqjCCApKgAwIBAgIJAJvrXrdlRWTTMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMGgxCzAJBgNV\r\n' +
+      'BAYTAlVTMRAwDgYDVQQIDAdWaXJnaW5hMRMwEQYDVQQHDApCbGFja3NidXJnMQ0w\r\n' +
+      'CwYDVQQKDARUZXN0MQ0wCwYDVQQLDARUZXN0MRQwEgYDVQQDDAtleGFtcGxlLm9y\r\n' +
+      'ZzAiGA8yMDUwMDIwMTIzMDAyOVoYDzIwNTEwMjAxMjMwMDI5WjBoMQswCQYDVQQG\r\n' +
+      'EwJVUzEQMA4GA1UECAwHVmlyZ2luYTETMBEGA1UEBwwKQmxhY2tzYnVyZzENMAsG\r\n' +
+      'A1UECgwEVGVzdDENMAsGA1UECwwEVGVzdDEUMBIGA1UEAwwLZXhhbXBsZS5vcmcw\r\n' +
+      'ggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQCtQM1R5VoB8HrrhdL514H+\r\n' +
+      'oQN/FSIiHXsdoZlQqUEQ7yUBgC2c7fbq4Wm9AUHBkc/KfUGb9+ZeX6xo6L06M57Q\r\n' +
+      'BD8nkSTStNHozlOwjnKu7DnlyW4j3ej9rBZzshLzAvWGZkx5sR1Eyz/22Ns9PL+S\r\n' +
+      '4h3eiRGpTw3g3geI1wxBv3CCb/LUF5Wa4NWwIU1GP9S6d8MrOb3WGhR364ZxajxS\r\n' +
+      'eX8R9WLsAo1Qx0dhsJ/UMwIibZ3hA9y1VBma2QyqQMzdY9OYC4oyE646WfyJzHsc\r\n' +
+      'pc6KNiVsWnYDP9+NStQlvaXMwhaPFpyVkLLB0vHho4oMXgEDTCH1iIe4YGw01wQ/\r\n' +
+      'AgMBAAGjUzBRMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRxifZwjEsDjYgbajBq+e1r4krdwjAfBgNVHSME\r\n' +
+      'GDAWgBRxifZwjEsDjYgbajBq+e1r4krdwjAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA0GCSqG\r\n' +
+      'SIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQB0V8zdJ1WebOvZNwl6WcbzNJRQePPnGp9pAbGuqpLZHvs6\r\n' +
+      'geAocgmEqleGOsU9GT30MV1vtkR1IY6CWkVPeSiXS43HT8enoYCJX3AZd6ItUrQH\r\n' +
+      '8UonY8UqAmzsGLO+ttO5o6kEY6K0e1QUdmFkOh9Z6M9U3s3DASwrKQ/xFlHQ2mNi\r\n' +
+      'h7pKaH2+XlDTrCjhO1ip0n4AwG5lgFJpJlVOZ9+Axzc146q/YZqrhXHYU152Wqo/\r\n' +
+      'mFlygydsKNwWdpK5fwGBZkBR8AsZvNZaQ9Rr3Rr3y5Xz7+aPfLfWF5hW+d11ghuy\r\n' +
+      'FDeZMUBehXXEJLXrirfmO2KFmy3iKrniJDDa35Lg\r\n' +
+      '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n'
+  };
+
+  describe('x509', function() {
+    it('should convert SHA-1 based certificate to/from PEM', function() {
+      var certificate = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem.certificate);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(certificate), _pem.certificate);
+    });
+
+    it('should convert SHA-256 based certificate to/from PEM', function() {
+      var certificate = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_sha256.certificate);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(certificate), _pem_sha256.certificate);
+    });
+
+    it('should convert certificate not before < 2050 < not after to/from PEM', function() {
+      var certificate = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_past_2050.certificate);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(certificate), _pem_past_2050.certificate);
+    });
+
+    it('should convert SHA-512 based certificate to/from PEM', function() {
+      var certificate = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_sha512.certificate);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(certificate), _pem_sha512.certificate);
+    });
+
+    it('should verify SHA-1 based self-signed certificate', function() {
+      var certificate = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem.certificate);
+      ASSERT.ok(certificate.verify(certificate));
+    });
+
+    it('should verify SHA-256 based self-signed certificate', function() {
+      var certificate = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_sha256.certificate);
+      ASSERT.ok(certificate.verify(certificate));
+    });
+
+    it('should verify SHA-512 based self-signed certificate', function() {
+      var certificate = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_sha512.certificate);
+      ASSERT.ok(certificate.verify(certificate));
+    });
+
+    it('should verify not before < 2050 < not after self-signed certificate', function() {
+      var certificate = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_past_2050.certificate);
+      ASSERT.ok(certificate.verify(certificate));
+    });
+
+    it('should generate a certificate with authorityKeyIdentifier extension', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        extensions: [{
+          name: 'authorityKeyIdentifier',
+          keyIdentifier: true,
+          authorityCertIssuer: true,
+          serialNumber: true
+        }],
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      // verify certificate encoding/parsing
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+
+      // verify authorityKeyIdentifier extension
+      var index = findIndex(cert.extensions, {id: '2.5.29.35'});
+      ASSERT.ok(index !== -1);
+      var ext = cert.extensions[index];
+      ASSERT.equal(ext.name, 'authorityKeyIdentifier');
+      ASSERT.equal(ext.value, UTIL.hexToBytes(
+        '3081888014f57563e0c75d6e9b03fafdb2fd72349f23030300a16da46b30693114' +
+        '30120603550403130b6578616d706c652e6f7267310b3009060355040613025553' +
+        '3111300f0603550408130856697267696e6961311330110603550407130a426c61' +
+        '636b7362757267310d300b060355040a130454657374310d300b060355040b1304' +
+        '54657374820101'));
+
+      // verify certificate chain
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert);
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+        ASSERT.equal(vfd, true);
+        ASSERT.ok(cert.verifySubjectKeyIdentifier());
+        return true;
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should generate a certificate with cRLDistributionPoints extension', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        extensions: [{
+          id: '2.5.29.31',
+          altNames: [{
+            type: 6,
+            value: 'https://test-organisation.com/test-organisation/crl/test_organisation_ca.crl.der'
+          }]
+        }],
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      // verify certificate encoding/parsing
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+
+      // verify cRLDistributionPoints extension
+      var index = findIndex(cert.extensions, {id: '2.5.29.31'});
+      ASSERT.ok(index !== -1);
+      var ext = cert.extensions[index];
+      ASSERT.equal(ext.name, 'cRLDistributionPoints');
+      ASSERT.equal(ext.value, UTIL.hexToBytes(
+        '30583056a054a052865068747470733a2f2f746573742d6f7267616e6973617469' +
+        '6f6e2e636f6d2f746573742d6f7267616e69736174696f6e2f63726c2f74657374' +
+        '5f6f7267616e69736174696f6e5f63612e63726c2e646572'));
+
+      // verify certificate chain
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert);
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+        ASSERT.equal(vfd, true);
+        ASSERT.ok(cert.verifySubjectKeyIdentifier());
+        return true;
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should generate a certificate with nsComment extension', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var dummyTestStr = 'node-forge is awesome';
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        extensions: [{
+          name: 'nsComment',
+          comment: dummyTestStr
+        }],
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      // verify certificate encoding/parsing
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+
+      // verify nsComment extension
+      var index = findIndex(cert.extensions, {id: '2.16.840.1.113730.1.13'});
+      ASSERT.ok(index !== -1);
+      var ext = cert.extensions[index];
+      ASSERT.equal(ASN1.fromDer(ext.value).value, dummyTestStr);
+
+      // verify certificate chain
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert);
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+        ASSERT.equal(vfd, true);
+        ASSERT.ok(cert.verifySubjectKeyIdentifier());
+        return true;
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should generate a certificate with postalCode attribute', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        name: 'postalCode',
+        value: '24060'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+      var index = findIndex(cert.subject.attributes, {type: '2.5.4.17'});
+      ASSERT.ok(index !== -1);
+      var attribute = cert.subject.attributes[index];
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.name, 'postalCode');
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.value, '24060');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate a certificate with businessCategory attribute', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        name: 'businessCategory',
+        value: 'Test Organization'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+      var index = findIndex(cert.subject.attributes, {type: '2.5.4.15'});
+      ASSERT.ok(index !== -1);
+      var attribute = cert.subject.attributes[index];
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.name, 'businessCategory');
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.value, 'Test Organization');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate a certificate with streetAddress attribute', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        name: 'streetAddress',
+        value: 'Test Avenue'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+      var index = findIndex(cert.subject.attributes, {type: '2.5.4.9'});
+      ASSERT.ok(index !== -1);
+      var attribute = cert.subject.attributes[index];
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.name, 'streetAddress');
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.value, 'Test Avenue');
+    });
+
+     it('should generate a certificate with pseudonym attribute', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        name: 'pseudonym',
+        value: 'Satoshi Nakamato'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+      var index = findIndex(cert.subject.attributes, {type: '2.5.4.65'});
+      ASSERT.ok(index !== -1);
+      var attribute = cert.subject.attributes[index];
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.name, 'pseudonym');
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.value, 'Satoshi Nakamato');
+    });
+
+
+    it('should generate a certificate with jurisdictionOfIncorporationStateOrProvinceName attribute', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        name: 'jurisdictionOfIncorporationStateOrProvinceName',
+        value: 'Delaware'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+      var index = findIndex(cert.subject.attributes, {type: '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2'});
+      ASSERT.ok(index !== -1);
+      var attribute = cert.subject.attributes[index];
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.name, 'jurisdictionOfIncorporationStateOrProvinceName');
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.value, 'Delaware');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate a certificate with jurisdictionOfIncorporationCountryName attribute', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        name: 'jurisdictionOfIncorporationCountryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+      var index = findIndex(cert.subject.attributes, {type: '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3'});
+      ASSERT.ok(index !== -1);
+      var attribute = cert.subject.attributes[index];
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.name, 'jurisdictionOfIncorporationCountryName');
+      ASSERT.equal(attribute.value, 'US');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate and verify a self-signed certificate', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+
+      // verify certificate chain
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert);
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+        ASSERT.equal(vfd, true);
+        ASSERT.ok(cert.verifySubjectKeyIdentifier());
+        return true;
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should generate a self-signed certificate after 2050', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var notBefore = new Date('2050-02-02');
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true,
+        notBefore: notBefore
+      });
+
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+
+      var notAfter = new Date('2051-02-02');
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.validity.notBefore.toString(), notBefore.toString());
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.validity.notAfter.toString(), notAfter.toString());
+    });
+
+    it('should generate and fail to verify a self-signed certificate that is not in the CA store', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      var pem = PKI.certificateToPem(cert);
+      cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(pem);
+
+      // verify certificate chain
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+        ASSERT.equal(vfd, PKI.certificateError.unknown_ca);
+        return true;
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should verify certificate chain ending with intermediate certificate from CA store', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var entity = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var intermediate = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'intermediate'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var root = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'root'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+
+      var intermediateCert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: intermediate,
+        issuer: root,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+
+      var entityCert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: entity,
+        issuer: intermediate,
+        isCA: false
+      });
+
+      // verify certificate chain
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(intermediateCert);
+      var chain = [entityCert, intermediateCert];
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, chain, function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+        ASSERT.equal(vfd, true);
+        return true;
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should fail to verify certificate chain ending with non-CA intermediate certificate from CA store', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+      var entity = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var intermediate = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'intermediate'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+      var root = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'root'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+
+      var intermediateCert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: intermediate,
+        issuer: root,
+        isCA: false
+      });
+
+      var entityCert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: entity,
+        issuer: intermediate,
+        isCA: false
+      });
+
+      // verify certificate chain
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(intermediateCert);
+      var chain = [entityCert, intermediateCert];
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, chain, function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+        if(depth === 0) {
+          ASSERT.equal(vfd, true);
+        } else {
+          ASSERT.equal(vfd, PKI.certificateError.bad_certificate);
+        }
+        return true;
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should verify based on a custom specified validity date', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        extensions: [{
+          name: 'authorityKeyIdentifier',
+          keyIdentifier: true,
+          authorityCertIssuer: true,
+          serialNumber: true
+        }],
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true
+      });
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert);
+
+      var verifyDate = new Date();
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], {
+        validityCheckDate: verifyDate,
+        verify: function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+          ASSERT.equal(vfd, true);
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+
+      verifyDate = new Date();
+      verifyDate.setFullYear(verifyDate.getFullYear() + 2);
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], {
+        validityCheckDate: verifyDate,
+        verify: function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+          ASSERT.equal(vfd, 'forge.pki.CertificateExpired');
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+
+      verifyDate = new Date();
+      verifyDate.setFullYear(verifyDate.getFullYear() - 1);
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], {
+        validityCheckDate: verifyDate,
+        verify: function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+          ASSERT.equal(vfd, 'forge.pki.CertificateExpired');
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should not verify the validity period if null is passed as validityCheckDate', function() {
+      var keys = {
+        privateKey: PKI.privateKeyFromPem(_pem.privateKey),
+        publicKey: PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey)
+      };
+
+      var attrs = [{
+        name: 'commonName',
+        value: 'example.org'
+      }, {
+        name: 'countryName',
+        value: 'US'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'ST',
+        value: 'Virginia'
+      }, {
+        name: 'localityName',
+        value: 'Blacksburg'
+      }, {
+        name: 'organizationName',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }, {
+        shortName: 'OU',
+        value: 'Test'
+      }];
+
+      var pastDate = new Date();
+      pastDate.setFullYear(pastDate.getFullYear() - 1);
+
+      var cert = createCertificate({
+        publicKey: keys.publicKey,
+        signingKey: keys.privateKey,
+        extensions: [{
+          name: 'authorityKeyIdentifier',
+          keyIdentifier: true,
+          authorityCertIssuer: true,
+          serialNumber: true
+        }],
+        serialNumber: '01',
+        subject: attrs,
+        issuer: attrs,
+        isCA: true,
+        notBefore: pastDate,
+        notAfter: pastDate
+      });
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert);
+
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], {
+        verify: function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+          ASSERT.equal(vfd, 'forge.pki.CertificateExpired');
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+
+      PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [cert], {
+        validityCheckDate: null,
+        verify: function(vfd, depth, chain) {
+          ASSERT.equal(vfd, true);
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should verify certificate with sha1WithRSAEncryption signature', function() {
+      var certPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIDZDCCAs2gAwIBAgIKQ8fjjgAAAABh3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBGMQswCQYD\r\n' +
+        'VQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UEChMKR29vZ2xlIEluYzEiMCAGA1UEAxMZR29vZ2xlIElu\r\n' +
+        'dGVybmV0IEF1dGhvcml0eTAeFw0xMjA2MjcxMzU5MTZaFw0xMzA2MDcxOTQzMjda\r\n' +
+        'MGcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRYwFAYDVQQHEw1N\r\n' +
+        'b3VudGFpbiBWaWV3MRMwEQYDVQQKEwpHb29nbGUgSW5jMRYwFAYDVQQDEw13d3cu\r\n' +
+        'Z29vZ2xlLmRlMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCw2Hw3vNy5QMSd\r\n' +
+        '0/iMCS8lwZk9lnEk2NmrJt6vGJfRGlBprtHp5lpMFMoi+x8m8EwGVxXHGp7hLyN/\r\n' +
+        'gXuUjL7/DY9fxxx9l77D+sDZz7jfUfWmhS03Ra1FbT6myF8miVZFChJ8XgWzioJY\r\n' +
+        'gyNdRUC9149yrXdPWrSmSVaT0+tUCwIDAQABo4IBNjCCATIwHQYDVR0lBBYwFAYI\r\n' +
+        'KwYBBQUHAwEGCCsGAQUFBwMCMB0GA1UdDgQWBBTiQGhrO3785rMPIKZ/zQEl5RyS\r\n' +
+        '0TAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBS/wDDr9UMRPme6npH7/Gra42sSJDBbBgNVHR8EVDBSMFCg\r\n' +
+        'TqBMhkpodHRwOi8vd3d3LmdzdGF0aWMuY29tL0dvb2dsZUludGVybmV0QXV0aG9y\r\n' +
+        'aXR5L0dvb2dsZUludGVybmV0QXV0aG9yaXR5LmNybDBmBggrBgEFBQcBAQRaMFgw\r\n' +
+        'VgYIKwYBBQUHMAKGSmh0dHA6Ly93d3cuZ3N0YXRpYy5jb20vR29vZ2xlSW50ZXJu\r\n' +
+        'ZXRBdXRob3JpdHkvR29vZ2xlSW50ZXJuZXRBdXRob3JpdHkuY3J0MAwGA1UdEwEB\r\n' +
+        '/wQCMAAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEAVJ0qt/MBvHEPuWHeH51756qy+lBNygLA\r\n' +
+        'Xp5Gq+xHUTOzRty61BR05zv142hYAGWvpvnEOJ/DI7V3QlXK8a6dQ+du97obQJJx\r\n' +
+        '7ekqtfxVzmlSb23halYSoXmWgP8Tq0VUDsgsSLE7fS8JuO1soXUVKj1/6w189HL6\r\n' +
+        'LsngXwZSuL0=\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var issuerPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIICsDCCAhmgAwIBAgIDC2dxMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAME4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVT\r\n' +
+        'MRAwDgYDVQQKEwdFcXVpZmF4MS0wKwYDVQQLEyRFcXVpZmF4IFNlY3VyZSBDZXJ0\r\n' +
+        'aWZpY2F0ZSBBdXRob3JpdHkwHhcNMDkwNjA4MjA0MzI3WhcNMTMwNjA3MTk0MzI3\r\n' +
+        'WjBGMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UEChMKR29vZ2xlIEluYzEiMCAGA1UEAxMZ\r\n' +
+        'R29vZ2xlIEludGVybmV0IEF1dGhvcml0eTCBnzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOBjQAw\r\n' +
+        'gYkCgYEAye23pIucV+eEPkB9hPSP0XFjU5nneXQUr0SZMyCSjXvlKAy6rWxJfoNf\r\n' +
+        'NFlOCnowzdDXxFdF7dWq1nMmzq0yE7jXDx07393cCDaob1FEm8rWIFJztyaHNWrb\r\n' +
+        'qeXUWaUr/GcZOfqTGBhs3t0lig4zFEfC7wFQeeT9adGnwKziV28CAwEAAaOBozCB\r\n' +
+        'oDAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAQYwHQYDVR0OBBYEFL/AMOv1QxE+Z7qekfv8atrjaxIk\r\n' +
+        'MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFEjmaPkr0rKV10fYIyAQTzOYkJ/UMBIGA1UdEwEB/wQIMAYB\r\n' +
+        'Af8CAQAwOgYDVR0fBDMwMTAvoC2gK4YpaHR0cDovL2NybC5nZW90cnVzdC5jb20v\r\n' +
+        'Y3Jscy9zZWN1cmVjYS5jcmwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEAuIojxkiWsRF8YHde\r\n' +
+        'BZqrocb6ghwYB8TrgbCoZutJqOkM0ymt9e8kTP3kS8p/XmOrmSfLnzYhLLkQYGfN\r\n' +
+        '0rTw8Ktx5YtaiScRhKqOv5nwnQkhClIZmloJ0pC3+gz4fniisIWvXEyZ2VxVKfml\r\n' +
+        'UUIuOss4jHg7y/j7lYe8vJD5UDI=\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(certPem, true);
+      var issuer = PKI.certificateFromPem(issuerPem);
+      ASSERT.ok(issuer.verify(cert));
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate a certificate subject and issuer hash', function() {
+      var certPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIDZDCCAs2gAwIBAgIKQ8fjjgAAAABh3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBGMQswCQYD\r\n' +
+        'VQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UEChMKR29vZ2xlIEluYzEiMCAGA1UEAxMZR29vZ2xlIElu\r\n' +
+        'dGVybmV0IEF1dGhvcml0eTAeFw0xMjA2MjcxMzU5MTZaFw0xMzA2MDcxOTQzMjda\r\n' +
+        'MGcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRYwFAYDVQQHEw1N\r\n' +
+        'b3VudGFpbiBWaWV3MRMwEQYDVQQKEwpHb29nbGUgSW5jMRYwFAYDVQQDEw13d3cu\r\n' +
+        'Z29vZ2xlLmRlMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCw2Hw3vNy5QMSd\r\n' +
+        '0/iMCS8lwZk9lnEk2NmrJt6vGJfRGlBprtHp5lpMFMoi+x8m8EwGVxXHGp7hLyN/\r\n' +
+        'gXuUjL7/DY9fxxx9l77D+sDZz7jfUfWmhS03Ra1FbT6myF8miVZFChJ8XgWzioJY\r\n' +
+        'gyNdRUC9149yrXdPWrSmSVaT0+tUCwIDAQABo4IBNjCCATIwHQYDVR0lBBYwFAYI\r\n' +
+        'KwYBBQUHAwEGCCsGAQUFBwMCMB0GA1UdDgQWBBTiQGhrO3785rMPIKZ/zQEl5RyS\r\n' +
+        '0TAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBS/wDDr9UMRPme6npH7/Gra42sSJDBbBgNVHR8EVDBSMFCg\r\n' +
+        'TqBMhkpodHRwOi8vd3d3LmdzdGF0aWMuY29tL0dvb2dsZUludGVybmV0QXV0aG9y\r\n' +
+        'aXR5L0dvb2dsZUludGVybmV0QXV0aG9yaXR5LmNybDBmBggrBgEFBQcBAQRaMFgw\r\n' +
+        'VgYIKwYBBQUHMAKGSmh0dHA6Ly93d3cuZ3N0YXRpYy5jb20vR29vZ2xlSW50ZXJu\r\n' +
+        'ZXRBdXRob3JpdHkvR29vZ2xlSW50ZXJuZXRBdXRob3JpdHkuY3J0MAwGA1UdEwEB\r\n' +
+        '/wQCMAAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEAVJ0qt/MBvHEPuWHeH51756qy+lBNygLA\r\n' +
+        'Xp5Gq+xHUTOzRty61BR05zv142hYAGWvpvnEOJ/DI7V3QlXK8a6dQ+du97obQJJx\r\n' +
+        '7ekqtfxVzmlSb23halYSoXmWgP8Tq0VUDsgsSLE7fS8JuO1soXUVKj1/6w189HL6\r\n' +
+        'LsngXwZSuL0=\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var issuerPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIICsDCCAhmgAwIBAgIDC2dxMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAME4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVT\r\n' +
+        'MRAwDgYDVQQKEwdFcXVpZmF4MS0wKwYDVQQLEyRFcXVpZmF4IFNlY3VyZSBDZXJ0\r\n' +
+        'aWZpY2F0ZSBBdXRob3JpdHkwHhcNMDkwNjA4MjA0MzI3WhcNMTMwNjA3MTk0MzI3\r\n' +
+        'WjBGMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UEChMKR29vZ2xlIEluYzEiMCAGA1UEAxMZ\r\n' +
+        'R29vZ2xlIEludGVybmV0IEF1dGhvcml0eTCBnzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOBjQAw\r\n' +
+        'gYkCgYEAye23pIucV+eEPkB9hPSP0XFjU5nneXQUr0SZMyCSjXvlKAy6rWxJfoNf\r\n' +
+        'NFlOCnowzdDXxFdF7dWq1nMmzq0yE7jXDx07393cCDaob1FEm8rWIFJztyaHNWrb\r\n' +
+        'qeXUWaUr/GcZOfqTGBhs3t0lig4zFEfC7wFQeeT9adGnwKziV28CAwEAAaOBozCB\r\n' +
+        'oDAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAQYwHQYDVR0OBBYEFL/AMOv1QxE+Z7qekfv8atrjaxIk\r\n' +
+        'MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFEjmaPkr0rKV10fYIyAQTzOYkJ/UMBIGA1UdEwEB/wQIMAYB\r\n' +
+        'Af8CAQAwOgYDVR0fBDMwMTAvoC2gK4YpaHR0cDovL2NybC5nZW90cnVzdC5jb20v\r\n' +
+        'Y3Jscy9zZWN1cmVjYS5jcmwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEAuIojxkiWsRF8YHde\r\n' +
+        'BZqrocb6ghwYB8TrgbCoZutJqOkM0ymt9e8kTP3kS8p/XmOrmSfLnzYhLLkQYGfN\r\n' +
+        '0rTw8Ktx5YtaiScRhKqOv5nwnQkhClIZmloJ0pC3+gz4fniisIWvXEyZ2VxVKfml\r\n' +
+        'UUIuOss4jHg7y/j7lYe8vJD5UDI=\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(certPem, true);
+      var issuer = PKI.certificateFromPem(issuerPem);
+      ASSERT.strictEqual(issuer.subject.hash, 'd43b6713ab1a8679f0b70e169e9df889ed387a4b');
+      ASSERT.strictEqual(cert.subject.hash, 'fd90a93e35c96cd6959f45ec60ca76faa4ce8926');
+      ASSERT.strictEqual(cert.issuer.hash, 'd43b6713ab1a8679f0b70e169e9df889ed387a4b');
+    });
+
+    it('should verify certificate with sha1WithRSASignature signature', function() {
+      var certPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIBwjCCAS+gAwIBAgIQj2d4hVEz0L1DYFVhA9CxCzAJBgUrDgMCHQUAMA8xDTAL\r\n' +
+        'BgNVBAMTBFZQUzEwHhcNMDcwODE4MDkyODUzWhcNMDgwODE3MDkyODUzWjAPMQ0w\r\n' +
+        'CwYDVQQDEwRWUFMxMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDaqKn40uaU\r\n' +
+        'DbFL1NXXZ8/b4ZqDJ6eSI5lysMZHfZDs60G3ocbNKofBvURIutabrFuBCB2S5f/z\r\n' +
+        'ICan0LR4uFpGuZ2I/PuVaU8X5fT8gBh7L636cWzHPPScYts00OyywEq381UB7XwX\r\n' +
+        'YuWpM5kUW5rkbq1JV3ystTR/4YnLl48YtQIDAQABoycwJTATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggr\r\n' +
+        'BgEFBQcDATAOBgNVHQ8EBwMFALAAAAAwCQYFKw4DAh0FAAOBgQBuUrU+J2Z5WKcO\r\n' +
+        'VNjJHFUKo8qpbn8jKQZDl2nvVaXCTXQZblz/qxOm4FaGGzJ/m3GybVZNVfdyHg+U\r\n' +
+        'lmDpFpOITkvcyNc3xjJCf2GVBo/VvdtVt7Myq0IQtAi/CXRK22BRNhSt9uu2EcRu\r\n' +
+        'HIXdFWHEzi6eD4PpNw/0X3ID6Gxk4A==\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(certPem, true);
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.signatureOid, PKI.oids['sha1WithRSASignature']);
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.md.algorithm, 'sha1');
+    });
+
+    it('should verify certificate with sha256WithRSAEncryption signature', function() {
+      var certPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIDuzCCAqOgAwIBAgIEO5vZjDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBGMQswCQYDVQQGEwJE\r\n' +
+        'RTEPMA0GA1UEChMGRWxzdGVyMQswCQYDVQQLEwJDQTEZMBcGA1UEAxMQRWxzdGVy\r\n' +
+        'U29mdFRlc3RDQTAeFw0xMDA5MTUwNTM4MjRaFw0xMzA5MTUwNTM4MjRaMCsxFDAS\r\n' +
+        'BgNVBAUTCzEwMDIzMTQ5OTRDMRMwEQYDVQQDEwoxMDAyMzE0OTk0MIGfMA0GCSqG\r\n' +
+        'SIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCLPqjbwjsugzw6+qwwm/pdzDwk7ASIsBYJ17GT\r\n' +
+        'qyT0zCnYmdDDGWsYc+xxFVVIi8xBt6Mlq8Rwj+02UJhY9qm6zRA9MqFZC3ih+HoW\r\n' +
+        'xq7H8N2d10N0rX6h5PSjkF5fU5ugncZmppsRGJ9DNXgwjpf/CsH2rqThUzK4xfrq\r\n' +
+        'jpDS/wIDAQABo4IBTjCCAUowDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgUgMAwGA1UdEwEB/wQCMAAw\r\n' +
+        'HQYDVR0OBBYEFF1h7H37OQivS57GD8+nK6VsgMPTMIGXBgNVHR8EgY8wgYwwgYmg\r\n' +
+        'gYaggYOGgYBsZGFwOi8vMTkyLjE2OC42LjI0OjM4OS9sJTNkQ0ElMjBaZXJ0aWZp\r\n' +
+        'a2F0ZSxvdSUzZENBLGNuJTNkRWxzdGVyU29mdFRlc3RDQSxkYyUzZHdpZXNlbCxk\r\n' +
+        'YyUzZGVsc3RlcixkYyUzZGRlPz9iYXNlPyhvYmplY3RDbGFzcz0qKTBxBgNVHSME\r\n' +
+        'ajBogBRBILMYmlZu//pj3wjDe2UPkq7jk6FKpEgwRjELMAkGA1UEBhMCREUxDzAN\r\n' +
+        'BgNVBAoTBkVsc3RlcjEPMA0GA1UECxMGUm9vdENBMRUwEwYDVQQDEwxFbHN0ZXJS\r\n' +
+        'b290Q0GCBDuayikwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAK8Z1+/VNyU5w/EiyhFH5aRE\r\n' +
+        'Mzxo0DahqKEm4pW5haBgKubJwZGs+CrBZR70TPbZGgJd36eyMgeXb/06lBnxewii\r\n' +
+        'I/aY6wMTviQTpqFnz5m0Le8UhH+hY1bqNG/vf6J+1gbOSrZyhAUV+MDJbL/OkzX4\r\n' +
+        'voVAfUBqSODod0f5wCW2RhvBmB9E62baP6qizdxyPA4iV16H4C0etd/7coLX6NZC\r\n' +
+        'oz3Yu0IRTQCH+YrpfIbxGb0grNhtCTfFpa287fuzu8mIEvLNr8GibhBXmQg7iJ+y\r\n' +
+        'q0VIyZLY8k6jEPrUB5Iv5ouSR19Dda/2+xJPlT/bosuNcErEuk/yKAHWAzwm1wQ=\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var issuerPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIESjCCAzKgAwIBAgIEO5rKKTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBGMQswCQYDVQQGEwJE\r\n' +
+        'RTEPMA0GA1UEChMGRWxzdGVyMQ8wDQYDVQQLEwZSb290Q0ExFTATBgNVBAMTDEVs\r\n' +
+        'c3RlclJvb3RDQTAeFw0wOTA3MjgwODE5MTFaFw0xNDA3MjgwODE5MTFaMEYxCzAJ\r\n' +
+        'BgNVBAYTAkRFMQ8wDQYDVQQKEwZFbHN0ZXIxCzAJBgNVBAsTAkNBMRkwFwYDVQQD\r\n' +
+        'ExBFbHN0ZXJTb2Z0VGVzdENBMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKC\r\n' +
+        'AQEAv5uoKLnxXQe75iqwqgyt3H6MDAx/wvUVs26+2+yHpEUb/2gA3L8E+NChSb9E\r\n' +
+        'aNgxxoac3Yhvxzq2mPpih3vkY7Xw512Tm8l/OPbT8kbmBJmYZneFALXHytAIZiEf\r\n' +
+        'e0ZYNKAlClFIgNP5bE9UjTqVEEoSiUhpTubM6c5xEYVznnwPBoYQ0ari7RTDYnME\r\n' +
+        'HK4vMfoeBeWHYPiEygNHnGUG8d3merRC/lQASUtL6ikmLWKCKHfyit5ACzPNKAtw\r\n' +
+        'IzHAzD5ek0BpcUTci8hUsKz2ZvmoZcjPyj63veQuMYS5cTMgr3bfz9uz1xuoEDsb\r\n' +
+        'Sv9rQX9Iw3N7yMpxTDJTqGKhYwIDAQABo4IBPjCCATowDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgEG\r\n' +
+        'MBIGA1UdEwEB/wQIMAYBAf8CAQAwHQYDVR0OBBYEFEEgsxiaVm7/+mPfCMN7ZQ+S\r\n' +
+        'ruOTMIGXBgNVHR8EgY8wgYwwgYmggYaggYOGgYBsZGFwOi8vMTkyLjE2OC42LjI0\r\n' +
+        'OjM4OS9sJTNkQ0ElMjBaZXJ0aWZpa2F0ZSxvdSUzZFJvb3RDQSxjbiUzZEVsc3Rl\r\n' +
+        'clJvb3RDQSxkYyUzZHdpZXNlbCxkYyUzZGVsc3RlcixkYyUzZGRlPz9iYXNlPyhv\r\n' +
+        'YmplY3RDbGFzcz0qKTBbBgNVHSMEVDBSoUqkSDBGMQswCQYDVQQGEwJERTEPMA0G\r\n' +
+        'A1UEChMGRWxzdGVyMQ8wDQYDVQQLEwZSb290Q0ExFTATBgNVBAMTDEVsc3RlclJv\r\n' +
+        'b3RDQYIEO5rKADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAFauDnfHSbgRmbFkpQUXM5wKi\r\n' +
+        'K5STAaVps201iAjacX5EsOs5L37VUMoT9G2DAE8Z6B1pIiR3zcd3UpiHnFlUTC0f\r\n' +
+        'ZdOCXzDkOfziKY/RzuUsLNFUhBizCIA0+XcKgm3dSA5ex8fChLJddSYheSLuPua7\r\n' +
+        'iNMuzaU2YnevbMwpdEsl55Qr/uzcc0YM/mCuM4vsNFyFml91SQyPPmdR3VvGOoGl\r\n' +
+        'qS1R0HSoPJUvr0N0kARwD7kO3ikcJ6FxBCsgVLZHGJC+q8PQNZmVMbfgjH4nAyP8\r\n' +
+        'u7Qe03v2WLW0UgKu2g0UcQXWXbovktpZoK0fUOwv3bqsZ0K1IjVvMKG8OysUvA==\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(certPem, true);
+      var issuer = PKI.certificateFromPem(issuerPem);
+      ASSERT.ok(issuer.verify(cert));
+    });
+
+    it('should import certificate with sha256 RSASSA-PSS signature', function() {
+      var certPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIERzCCAvugAwIBAgIEO50CcjBBBgkqhkiG9w0BAQowNKAPMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQC\r\n' +
+        'AQUAoRwwGgYJKoZIhvcNAQEIMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQCAQUAogMCASAwRjELMAkGA1UE\r\n' +
+        'BhMCREUxDzANBgNVBAoTBkVsc3RlcjELMAkGA1UECxMCQ0ExGTAXBgNVBAMTEEVs\r\n' +
+        'c3RlclNvZnRUZXN0Q0EwHhcNMTEwNzI4MTIxMzU3WhcNMTQwNzI4MTIxMzU3WjAr\r\n' +
+        'MRQwEgYDVQQFEwsxMDAyNzUzMzI1QzETMBEGA1UEAxMKMTAwMjc1MzMyNTCCASIw\r\n' +
+        'DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALHCogo7LVUkxWsMIc/0jgH2PCLt\r\n' +
+        'ukbATPehxWBG1XUPrz53lWgFJzlZaKLlLVVnXrfULaifuOKlZP6SM1JQlL1JuYgY\r\n' +
+        'AdgZyHjderNIk5NsSTmefwonSn/ukri5IRTH420oHtSjxk6+/DXlWnQy5OzTN6Bq\r\n' +
+        'jVJo8L+TTmf2jWuEam5cWa+YVP2k3tIqX5yMUDFjKO4znHdtIkHnBE0Kx03rWQRB\r\n' +
+        'TSYWDgDm2gttdOs9JVeuW0nnwQj27uo9gOR0iyaUjVrKLZ95p6zpXhM4uMSVRNeo\r\n' +
+        'LqkdqP2n+4pDXZVqLNgjkHQUS/xq9Q/kYgT2J7wkGfYxP9to7TG7vra1eOECAwEA\r\n' +
+        'AaOB7zCB7DAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBSAwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU\r\n' +
+        'NDJ2BZIk6ukLqkdmttH12bu2leswOgYDVR0fBDMwMTAvoC2gK4YpaHR0cDovL2Ny\r\n' +
+        'bC5lbHN0ZXIuZGUvRWxzdGVyU29mdFRlc3RDQS5jcmwwcQYDVR0jBGowaIAU1R9A\r\n' +
+        'HmpdzaxK3v+ihQsEpAFgzOKhSqRIMEYxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkRFMQ8wDQYDVQQKEwZF\r\n' +
+        'bHN0ZXIxDzANBgNVBAsTBlJvb3RDQTEVMBMGA1UEAxMMRWxzdGVyUm9vdENBggQ7\r\n' +
+        'msqPMEEGCSqGSIb3DQEBCjA0oA8wDQYJYIZIAWUDBAIBBQChHDAaBgkqhkiG9w0B\r\n' +
+        'AQgwDQYJYIZIAWUDBAIBBQCiAwIBIAOCAQEAJBYNRZpe+z3yPPLV539Yci6OfjVg\r\n' +
+        'vs1e3rvSvcpFaqRJ8vZ8WNx3uuRQZ6B4Z3YEc00UJAOl3wU6KhamyryK2YvCrPg+\r\n' +
+        'TS5QDXNaO2z/rAnY1wWSlwBPlhqpMRrNv9cRXBcgK5YxprjytCVYN0UHdintgYxG\r\n' +
+        'fg7QYiFb00UXxAza1AFrpG+RqySFfO1scmu4kgpeb6A3USnQ0r6rZz6dt6NqgZZ6\r\n' +
+        'oUpDOCvnS9XSOWuvJirV8hIU0KAagguTbwfTqt9nt0wDlwZpemsJZ4Vvnvy8d9Jf\r\n' +
+        'zA68EWHbZLr2QP9hb3sHCWJgplMsTJnUwRfi2hf5KNtP8Xg5DSLMfTEbhw==\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(certPem, true);
+
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.signatureOid, PKI.oids['RSASSA-PSS']);
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.signatureParameters.hash.algorithmOid, PKI.oids['sha256']);
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.signatureParameters.mgf.algorithmOid, PKI.oids['mgf1']);
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.signatureParameters.mgf.hash.algorithmOid, PKI.oids['sha256']);
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.siginfo.algorithmOid, PKI.oids['RSASSA-PSS']);
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.siginfo.parameters.hash.algorithmOid, PKI.oids['sha256']);
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.siginfo.parameters.mgf.algorithmOid, PKI.oids['mgf1']);
+      ASSERT.equal(cert.siginfo.parameters.mgf.hash.algorithmOid, PKI.oids['sha256']);
+    });
+
+    it('should export certificate with sha256 RSASSA-PSS signature', function() {
+      var certPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIERzCCAvugAwIBAgIEO50CcjBBBgkqhkiG9w0BAQowNKAPMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQC\r\n' +
+        'AQUAoRwwGgYJKoZIhvcNAQEIMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQCAQUAogMCASAwRjELMAkGA1UE\r\n' +
+        'BhMCREUxDzANBgNVBAoTBkVsc3RlcjELMAkGA1UECxMCQ0ExGTAXBgNVBAMTEEVs\r\n' +
+        'c3RlclNvZnRUZXN0Q0EwHhcNMTEwNzI4MTIxMzU3WhcNMTQwNzI4MTIxMzU3WjAr\r\n' +
+        'MRQwEgYDVQQFEwsxMDAyNzUzMzI1QzETMBEGA1UEAxMKMTAwMjc1MzMyNTCCASIw\r\n' +
+        'DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALHCogo7LVUkxWsMIc/0jgH2PCLt\r\n' +
+        'ukbATPehxWBG1XUPrz53lWgFJzlZaKLlLVVnXrfULaifuOKlZP6SM1JQlL1JuYgY\r\n' +
+        'AdgZyHjderNIk5NsSTmefwonSn/ukri5IRTH420oHtSjxk6+/DXlWnQy5OzTN6Bq\r\n' +
+        'jVJo8L+TTmf2jWuEam5cWa+YVP2k3tIqX5yMUDFjKO4znHdtIkHnBE0Kx03rWQRB\r\n' +
+        'TSYWDgDm2gttdOs9JVeuW0nnwQj27uo9gOR0iyaUjVrKLZ95p6zpXhM4uMSVRNeo\r\n' +
+        'LqkdqP2n+4pDXZVqLNgjkHQUS/xq9Q/kYgT2J7wkGfYxP9to7TG7vra1eOECAwEA\r\n' +
+        'AaOB7zCB7DAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBSAwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU\r\n' +
+        'NDJ2BZIk6ukLqkdmttH12bu2leswOgYDVR0fBDMwMTAvoC2gK4YpaHR0cDovL2Ny\r\n' +
+        'bC5lbHN0ZXIuZGUvRWxzdGVyU29mdFRlc3RDQS5jcmwwcQYDVR0jBGowaIAU1R9A\r\n' +
+        'HmpdzaxK3v+ihQsEpAFgzOKhSqRIMEYxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkRFMQ8wDQYDVQQKEwZF\r\n' +
+        'bHN0ZXIxDzANBgNVBAsTBlJvb3RDQTEVMBMGA1UEAxMMRWxzdGVyUm9vdENBggQ7\r\n' +
+        'msqPMEEGCSqGSIb3DQEBCjA0oA8wDQYJYIZIAWUDBAIBBQChHDAaBgkqhkiG9w0B\r\n' +
+        'AQgwDQYJYIZIAWUDBAIBBQCiAwIBIAOCAQEAJBYNRZpe+z3yPPLV539Yci6OfjVg\r\n' +
+        'vs1e3rvSvcpFaqRJ8vZ8WNx3uuRQZ6B4Z3YEc00UJAOl3wU6KhamyryK2YvCrPg+\r\n' +
+        'TS5QDXNaO2z/rAnY1wWSlwBPlhqpMRrNv9cRXBcgK5YxprjytCVYN0UHdintgYxG\r\n' +
+        'fg7QYiFb00UXxAza1AFrpG+RqySFfO1scmu4kgpeb6A3USnQ0r6rZz6dt6NqgZZ6\r\n' +
+        'oUpDOCvnS9XSOWuvJirV8hIU0KAagguTbwfTqt9nt0wDlwZpemsJZ4Vvnvy8d9Jf\r\n' +
+        'zA68EWHbZLr2QP9hb3sHCWJgplMsTJnUwRfi2hf5KNtP8Xg5DSLMfTEbhw==\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(certPem, true);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(cert), certPem);
+    });
+
+    it('should verify certificate with sha256 RSASSA-PSS signature', function() {
+      var certPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIERzCCAvugAwIBAgIEO50CcjBBBgkqhkiG9w0BAQowNKAPMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQC\r\n' +
+        'AQUAoRwwGgYJKoZIhvcNAQEIMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQCAQUAogMCASAwRjELMAkGA1UE\r\n' +
+        'BhMCREUxDzANBgNVBAoTBkVsc3RlcjELMAkGA1UECxMCQ0ExGTAXBgNVBAMTEEVs\r\n' +
+        'c3RlclNvZnRUZXN0Q0EwHhcNMTEwNzI4MTIxMzU3WhcNMTQwNzI4MTIxMzU3WjAr\r\n' +
+        'MRQwEgYDVQQFEwsxMDAyNzUzMzI1QzETMBEGA1UEAxMKMTAwMjc1MzMyNTCCASIw\r\n' +
+        'DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALHCogo7LVUkxWsMIc/0jgH2PCLt\r\n' +
+        'ukbATPehxWBG1XUPrz53lWgFJzlZaKLlLVVnXrfULaifuOKlZP6SM1JQlL1JuYgY\r\n' +
+        'AdgZyHjderNIk5NsSTmefwonSn/ukri5IRTH420oHtSjxk6+/DXlWnQy5OzTN6Bq\r\n' +
+        'jVJo8L+TTmf2jWuEam5cWa+YVP2k3tIqX5yMUDFjKO4znHdtIkHnBE0Kx03rWQRB\r\n' +
+        'TSYWDgDm2gttdOs9JVeuW0nnwQj27uo9gOR0iyaUjVrKLZ95p6zpXhM4uMSVRNeo\r\n' +
+        'LqkdqP2n+4pDXZVqLNgjkHQUS/xq9Q/kYgT2J7wkGfYxP9to7TG7vra1eOECAwEA\r\n' +
+        'AaOB7zCB7DAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBSAwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU\r\n' +
+        'NDJ2BZIk6ukLqkdmttH12bu2leswOgYDVR0fBDMwMTAvoC2gK4YpaHR0cDovL2Ny\r\n' +
+        'bC5lbHN0ZXIuZGUvRWxzdGVyU29mdFRlc3RDQS5jcmwwcQYDVR0jBGowaIAU1R9A\r\n' +
+        'HmpdzaxK3v+ihQsEpAFgzOKhSqRIMEYxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkRFMQ8wDQYDVQQKEwZF\r\n' +
+        'bHN0ZXIxDzANBgNVBAsTBlJvb3RDQTEVMBMGA1UEAxMMRWxzdGVyUm9vdENBggQ7\r\n' +
+        'msqPMEEGCSqGSIb3DQEBCjA0oA8wDQYJYIZIAWUDBAIBBQChHDAaBgkqhkiG9w0B\r\n' +
+        'AQgwDQYJYIZIAWUDBAIBBQCiAwIBIAOCAQEAJBYNRZpe+z3yPPLV539Yci6OfjVg\r\n' +
+        'vs1e3rvSvcpFaqRJ8vZ8WNx3uuRQZ6B4Z3YEc00UJAOl3wU6KhamyryK2YvCrPg+\r\n' +
+        'TS5QDXNaO2z/rAnY1wWSlwBPlhqpMRrNv9cRXBcgK5YxprjytCVYN0UHdintgYxG\r\n' +
+        'fg7QYiFb00UXxAza1AFrpG+RqySFfO1scmu4kgpeb6A3USnQ0r6rZz6dt6NqgZZ6\r\n' +
+        'oUpDOCvnS9XSOWuvJirV8hIU0KAagguTbwfTqt9nt0wDlwZpemsJZ4Vvnvy8d9Jf\r\n' +
+        'zA68EWHbZLr2QP9hb3sHCWJgplMsTJnUwRfi2hf5KNtP8Xg5DSLMfTEbhw==\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var issuerPem = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIEZDCCAxigAwIBAgIEO5rKjzBBBgkqhkiG9w0BAQowNKAPMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQC\r\n' +
+        'AQUAoRwwGgYJKoZIhvcNAQEIMA0GCWCGSAFlAwQCAQUAogMCASAwRjELMAkGA1UE\r\n' +
+        'BhMCREUxDzANBgNVBAoTBkVsc3RlcjEPMA0GA1UECxMGUm9vdENBMRUwEwYDVQQD\r\n' +
+        'EwxFbHN0ZXJSb290Q0EwHhcNMTEwNzI4MTExNzI4WhcNMTYwNzI4MTExNzI4WjBG\r\n' +
+        'MQswCQYDVQQGEwJERTEPMA0GA1UEChMGRWxzdGVyMQswCQYDVQQLEwJDQTEZMBcG\r\n' +
+        'A1UEAxMQRWxzdGVyU29mdFRlc3RDQTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCC\r\n' +
+        'AQoCggEBAMFpz3sXnXq4ZUBdYdpG5DJVfITLXYwXPfEJzr1pLRfJ2eMPn7k3B/2g\r\n' +
+        'bvuH30zKmDRjlfV51sFw4l1l+cQugzy5FEOrfE6g7IvhpBUf9SQujVWtE3BoSRR5\r\n' +
+        'pSGbIWC7sm2SG0drpoCRpL0xmWZlAUS5mz7hBecJC/kKkKeOxUg5h492XQgWd0ow\r\n' +
+        '6GlyQBxJCmxgQBMnLS0stecs234hR5gvTHic50Ey+gRMPsTyco2Fm0FqvXtBuOsj\r\n' +
+        'zAW7Nk2hnM6awFHVMDBLm+ClE1ww0dLW0ujkdoGsTEbvmM/w8MBI6WAiWaanjK/x\r\n' +
+        'lStmQeUVXKd+AfuzT/FIPrwANcC1qGUCAwEAAaOB8TCB7jAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMC\r\n' +
+        'AQYwEgYDVR0TAQH/BAgwBgEB/wIBADAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU1R9AHmpdzaxK3v+ihQsE\r\n' +
+        'pAFgzOIwNgYDVR0fBC8wLTAroCmgJ4YlaHR0cDovL2NybC5lbHN0ZXIuZGUvRWxz\r\n' +
+        'dGVyUm9vdENBLmNybDBxBgNVHSMEajBogBS3zfTokckL2H/fTojW02K+metEcaFK\r\n' +
+        'pEgwRjELMAkGA1UEBhMCREUxDzANBgNVBAoTBkVsc3RlcjEPMA0GA1UECxMGUm9v\r\n' +
+        'dENBMRUwEwYDVQQDEwxFbHN0ZXJSb290Q0GCBDuaylowQQYJKoZIhvcNAQEKMDSg\r\n' +
+        'DzANBglghkgBZQMEAgEFAKEcMBoGCSqGSIb3DQEBCDANBglghkgBZQMEAgEFAKID\r\n' +
+        'AgEgA4IBAQBjT107fBmSfQNUYCpXIlaS/pogPoCahuC1g8QDtq6IEVXoEgXCzfVN\r\n' +
+        'JYHyYOQOraP4O2LEcXpo/oc0MMpVF06QLKG/KieUE0mrZnsCJ3GLSJkM8tI8bRHj\r\n' +
+        '8tAhlViMacUqnKKufCs/rIN25JB57+sCyFqjtRbSt88e+xqFJ5I79Btp/bNtoj2G\r\n' +
+        'OJGl997EPua9/yJuvdA9W67WO/KwEh+FqylB1pAapccOHqttwu4QJIc/XJfG5rrf\r\n' +
+        '8QZz8HIuOcroA4zIrprQ1nJRCuMII04ueDtBVz1eIEmqNEUkr09JdK8M0LKH0lMK\r\n' +
+        'Ysgjai/P2mPVVwhVw6dHzUVRLXh3xIQr\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      var cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(certPem, true);
+      var issuer = PKI.certificateFromPem(issuerPem);
+      ASSERT.ok(issuer.verify(cert));
+    });
+
+    it('should parse certificate with ASN.1 signature data', function() {
+      // signature has bytes that could look like ASN.1 data
+      // TODO: add more similar tests with possible ASN.1 data in BIT
+      // .. STRINGS that are just data.
+      var certPem =
+        '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n' +
+        'MIIDsjCCApqgAwIBAgIUR+JnrOX42d+AXaXwLDWYsxmr+DwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL\r\n' +
+        'BQAwgYgxJjAkBgNVBAMMHVRlc3QgSW50ZXJtZWRpYXRlIENlcnRpZmljYXRlMSEw\r\n' +
+        'HwYDVQQLDBhUZXN0IE9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbmFsIFVuaXQxGjAYBgNVBAoMEVRlc3Qg\r\n' +
+        'T3JnYW5pemF0aW9uMRIwEAYDVQQHDAlUZXN0IENpdHkxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMB4X\r\n' +
+        'DTE3MDEzMDE1NTk0MloXDTIyMDEzMDE1NTk0MlowezEZMBcGA1UEAwwQVGVzdCBD\r\n' +
+        'ZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZTEhMB8GA1UECwwYVGVzdCBPcmdhbml6YXRpb25hbCBVbml0MRow\r\n' +
+        'GAYDVQQKDBFUZXN0IE9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjESMBAGA1UEBwwJVGVzdCBDaXR5MQsw\r\n' +
+        'CQYDVQQGEwJVUzCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMEBoBE9\r\n' +
+        'Kprzj7LRbK0JHKSNI93eKFDgkRc1lQWVf2cVyU6bncBDdxrCFLG6vadpQzPQDCJs\r\n' +
+        'ePlzM4J2TueTtbNTgLj3EBwwB1Ju9kOidxn5hCASWR0EObLiHSq3zlM/ABZOEOtz\r\n' +
+        'hPTGWnp7jfoDeTgK/zNnCsqdT1w1nzsz1u8zZ+96dEul6RC313CxV5Xq+Qacky8f\r\n' +
+        '2tug0wgvmcYqfd6AIg0btIjhREsulJK0QqSjqmzkLiDBJRsOHzi9zAusYBkvqUMj\r\n' +
+        '9ae2j4adIHKNzzgRAif8Bu9yXZ0iK3im6BQhBiC+unwMRAjbHdPI73ASJFdqjHb0\r\n' +
+        'uAkno0WIORHnQvECAwEAAaMgMB4wDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgbAMAwGA1UdEwEB/wQC\r\n' +
+        'MAAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBACsFnYH7ByzOFQo5zdOJp4NcmV6yDaTgJoEg\r\n' +
+        '71oPI0bgRkpde2rJT7E41fxxajIGbGgVnvIT2yo2QZNRTJjrnzIoVAfOsgWSp8jf\r\n' +
+        'L6HjyZwK5L6ziBfPYnCAzRC4mwjgR2EkEhbA/HDZCko5CfRR8WIKVmtGweIL/5I+\r\n' +
+        '9aUG7lUKbf3aGLnBMG6YzThNnMW1a4EZt7EZUlz4mZ3C7KH1lqdmeaZT+BdnZFL2\r\n' +
+        'Mjf0zXRaL1k1BpBrzPfmfWfE+gx7EAWF6E/iDu+g1PhX678vFEJiAQkINVwkjA1d\r\n' +
+        '/fpSWNjJEEVPrhWwmoK5+xfM5qC9una9BfFwaUOdYDH59BN6jHE=\r\n' +
+        '-----END CERTIFICATE-----\r\n';
+      // round trip pem -> cert -> asn1 -> der -> asn1 -> cert -> pem
+      var inCert = PKI.certificateFromPem(certPem);
+      var inAsn1 = PKI.certificateToAsn1(inCert);
+      var inDer = ASN1.toDer(inAsn1);
+      var outAsn1 = ASN1.fromDer(inDer);
+      var outCert = PKI.certificateFromAsn1(outAsn1);
+      var outPem = PKI.certificateToPem(outCert);
+      ASSERT.equal(certPem, outPem);
+    });
+
+    it('should require basicConstraints on non-leaf certificates', function() {
+      // see GHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 and PoC in /tests/pocs/
+      function generateKeyPair() {
+        return PKI.rsa.generateKeyPair({bits: 2048, e: 0x10001});
+      }
+
+      // 1. Create a legitimate Root CA (self-signed, with basicConstraints
+      // cA=true)
+      var rootKeys = generateKeyPair();
+      var rootCert = PKI.createCertificate();
+      rootCert.publicKey = rootKeys.publicKey;
+      rootCert.serialNumber = '01';
+      rootCert.validity.notBefore = new Date();
+      rootCert.validity.notAfter = new Date();
+      rootCert.validity.notAfter.setFullYear(rootCert.validity.notBefore.getFullYear() + 10);
+
+      var rootAttrs = [
+        {name: 'commonName', value: 'Legitimate Root CA'},
+        {name: 'organizationName', value: 'PoC Security Test'}
+      ];
+      rootCert.setSubject(rootAttrs);
+      rootCert.setIssuer(rootAttrs);
+      rootCert.setExtensions([
+        {name: 'basicConstraints', cA: true, critical: true},
+        {name: 'keyUsage', keyCertSign: true, cRLSign: true, critical: true}
+      ]);
+      rootCert.sign(rootKeys.privateKey, MD.sha256.create());
+
+      // 2. Create a "leaf" certificate signed by root — NO basicConstraints,
+      // NO keyUsage This certificate should NOT be allowed to sign other
+      // certificates
+      var leafKeys = generateKeyPair();
+      var leafCert = PKI.createCertificate();
+      leafCert.publicKey = leafKeys.publicKey;
+      leafCert.serialNumber = '02';
+      leafCert.validity.notBefore = new Date();
+      leafCert.validity.notAfter = new Date();
+      leafCert.validity.notAfter.setFullYear(leafCert.validity.notBefore.getFullYear() + 5);
+
+      var leafAttrs = [
+        {name: 'commonName', value: 'Non-CA Leaf Certificate'},
+        {name: 'organizationName', value: 'PoC Security Test'}
+      ];
+      leafCert.setSubject(leafAttrs);
+      leafCert.setIssuer(rootAttrs);
+      // NO basicConstraints extension — NO keyUsage extension
+      leafCert.sign(rootKeys.privateKey, MD.sha256.create());
+
+      // 3. Create a "victim" certificate signed by the leaf
+      // This simulates an attacker using a non-CA cert to forge certificates
+      var victimKeys = generateKeyPair();
+      var victimCert = PKI.createCertificate();
+      victimCert.publicKey = victimKeys.publicKey;
+      victimCert.serialNumber = '03';
+      victimCert.validity.notBefore = new Date();
+      victimCert.validity.notAfter = new Date();
+      victimCert.validity.notAfter.setFullYear(victimCert.validity.notBefore.getFullYear() + 1);
+
+      var victimAttrs = [
+        {name: 'commonName', value: 'victim.example.com'},
+        {name: 'organizationName', value: 'Victim Corp'}
+      ];
+      victimCert.setSubject(victimAttrs);
+      victimCert.setIssuer(leafAttrs);
+      victimCert.sign(leafKeys.privateKey, MD.sha256.create());
+
+      // 4. Verify the chain: root -> leaf -> victim
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore([rootCert]);
+
+      ASSERT.throws(
+        function() {
+          PKI.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, [victimCert, leafCert]);
+        },
+        function(err) {
+          var exMsg =
+            'Certificate is missing basicConstraints extension and cannot ' +
+            'be used as a CA.';
+          var exErr = 'forge.pki.BadCertificate';
+          return err.message === exMsg && err.error === exErr;
+        }
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  // TODO: add sha-512 and sha-256 fingerprint tests
+
+  describe('public key fingerprints', function() {
+    it('should get a SHA-1 RSAPublicKey fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(publicKey, {type: 'RSAPublicKey'});
+      ASSERT.equal(fp.toHex(), 'f57563e0c75d6e9b03fafdb2fd72349f23030300');
+    });
+
+    it('should get a SHA-1 SubjectPublicKeyInfo fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(
+        publicKey, {type: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo'});
+      ASSERT.equal(fp.toHex(), '984724bc548bbc2c8acbac044bd8d518abd26dd8');
+    });
+
+    it('should get a hex SHA-1 RSAPublicKey fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(
+        publicKey, {type: 'RSAPublicKey', encoding: 'hex'});
+      ASSERT.equal(fp, 'f57563e0c75d6e9b03fafdb2fd72349f23030300');
+    });
+
+    it('should get a hex, colon-delimited SHA-1 RSAPublicKey fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(
+        publicKey, {type: 'RSAPublicKey', encoding: 'hex', delimiter: ':'});
+      ASSERT.equal(
+        fp, 'f5:75:63:e0:c7:5d:6e:9b:03:fa:fd:b2:fd:72:34:9f:23:03:03:00');
+    });
+
+    it('should get a hex, colon-delimited SHA-1 SubjectPublicKeyInfo fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(
+        publicKey, {
+          type: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo',
+          encoding: 'hex',
+          delimiter: ':'
+        });
+      ASSERT.equal(
+        fp, '98:47:24:bc:54:8b:bc:2c:8a:cb:ac:04:4b:d8:d5:18:ab:d2:6d:d8');
+    });
+
+    it('should get an MD5 RSAPublicKey fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(
+        publicKey, {md: MD.md5.create(), type: 'RSAPublicKey'});
+      ASSERT.equal(fp.toHex(), 'c7da180cc48d31a071d31a78bc43d9d7');
+    });
+
+    it('should get an MD5 SubjectPublicKeyInfo fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(
+        publicKey, {md: MD.md5.create(), type: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo'});
+      ASSERT.equal(fp.toHex(), 'e5c5ba577fe24fb8a678d8d58f539cd7');
+    });
+
+    it('should get a hex MD5 RSAPublicKey fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(
+        publicKey,
+        {md: MD.md5.create(), type: 'RSAPublicKey', encoding: 'hex'});
+      ASSERT.equal(fp, 'c7da180cc48d31a071d31a78bc43d9d7');
+    });
+
+    it('should get a hex, colon-delimited MD5 RSAPublicKey fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(
+        publicKey, {
+          md: MD.md5.create(),
+          type: 'RSAPublicKey',
+          encoding: 'hex',
+          delimiter: ':'
+        });
+      ASSERT.equal(fp, 'c7:da:18:0c:c4:8d:31:a0:71:d3:1a:78:bc:43:d9:d7');
+    });
+
+    it('should get a hex, colon-delimited MD5 SubjectPublicKeyInfo fingerprint', function() {
+      var publicKey = PKI.publicKeyFromPem(_pem.publicKey);
+      var fp = PKI.getPublicKeyFingerprint(
+        publicKey, {
+          md: MD.md5.create(),
+          type: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo',
+          encoding: 'hex',
+          delimiter: ':'
+        });
+      ASSERT.equal(fp, 'e5:c5:ba:57:7f:e2:4f:b8:a6:78:d8:d5:8f:53:9c:d7');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('CA store', function() {
+    it('should add a certificate object to a store', function() {
+      var cert = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem.certificate);
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert);
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 1);
+    });
+
+    it('should add a PEM certificate to a store', function() {
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(_pem.certificate);
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(_pem.certificate));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 1);
+    });
+
+    it('should add two certificate objects to a store', function() {
+      var cert1 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem.certificate);
+      var cert2 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_sha256.certificate);
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 2);
+    });
+
+    it('should add two PEM certificates to a store', function() {
+      var cert1 = _pem.certificate;
+      var cert2 = _pem_sha256.certificate;
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 2);
+    });
+
+    it('should remove a certificate object from a store', function() {
+      var cert1 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem.certificate);
+      var cert2 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_sha256.certificate);
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      var result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(result), PKI.certificateToPem(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(!caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 1);
+    });
+
+    it('should remove a PEM certificate from a store', function() {
+      var cert1 = _pem.certificate;
+      var cert2 = _pem_sha256.certificate;
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      var result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(result), cert1);
+      ASSERT.ok(!caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 1);
+    });
+
+    it('should remove a certificate object from a store with two remaining', function() {
+      var cert1 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem.certificate);
+      var cert2 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_sha256.certificate);
+      var cert3 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_sha512.certificate);
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert3);
+      var result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(result), PKI.certificateToPem(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(!caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert3));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 2);
+    });
+
+    it('should remove a PEM certificate from a store with two remaining', function() {
+      var cert1 = _pem.certificate;
+      var cert2 = _pem_sha256.certificate;
+      var cert3 = _pem_sha512.certificate;
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert3);
+      var result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(result), cert1);
+      ASSERT.ok(!caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert3));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 2);
+    });
+
+    it('should add two certificate objects with the same subject to a store', function() {
+      var cert1 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_same_subject[0]);
+      var cert2 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_same_subject[1]);
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 2);
+    });
+
+    it('should add two PEM certificates with the same subject to a store', function() {
+      var cert1 = _pem_same_subject[0];
+      var cert2 = _pem_same_subject[1];
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 2);
+    });
+
+    it('should remove a certificate object with the same subject from a store', function() {
+      var cert1 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_same_subject[0]);
+      var cert2 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_same_subject[1]);
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.ok(!caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 1);
+    });
+
+    it('should remove a PEM certificate with the same subject from a store', function() {
+      var cert1 = _pem_same_subject[0];
+      var cert2 = _pem_same_subject[1];
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.ok(!caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 1);
+    });
+
+    it('should remove a certificate object from a store with the same subject with two remaining', function() {
+      var cert1 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_same_subject[0]);
+      var cert2 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_same_subject[1]);
+      var cert3 = PKI.certificateFromPem(_pem_sha512.certificate);
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert3);
+      caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.ok(!caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert3));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 2);
+    });
+
+    it('should remove a PEM certificate from a store with the same subject with two remaining', function() {
+      var cert1 = _pem_same_subject[0];
+      var cert2 = _pem_same_subject[1];
+      var cert3 = _pem_sha512.certificate;
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert3);
+      caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.ok(!caStore.hasCertificate(cert1));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert2));
+      ASSERT.ok(caStore.hasCertificate(cert3));
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 2);
+    });
+
+    it('should fail to remove a PEM certificate from a store', function() {
+      var cert1 = _pem.certificate;
+      var cert2 = _pem_sha256.certificate;
+      var cert3 = _pem_sha512.certificate;
+      var caStore = PKI.createCaStore();
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert1);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert2);
+      caStore.addCertificate(cert3);
+      var result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(result), cert1);
+      result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert2);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(result), cert2);
+      result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert3);
+      ASSERT.equal(PKI.certificateToPem(result), cert3);
+      result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert1);
+      ASSERT.equal(result, null);
+      result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert2);
+      ASSERT.equal(result, null);
+      result = caStore.removeCertificate(cert3);
+      ASSERT.equal(result, null);
+      ASSERT.equal(caStore.listAllCertificates().length, 0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  function findIndex(array, predicateObj) {
+    var result = -1;
+    array.forEach(function(el, index) {
+      var match = Object.keys(predicateObj).reduce(function(soFar, key) {
+        return soFar && el[key] === predicateObj[key];
+      }, true);
+      if(match) {
+        result = index;
+      }
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  function createCertificate(options) {
+    var publicKey = options.publicKey;
+    var signingKey = options.signingKey;
+    var subject = options.subject;
+    var issuer = options.issuer;
+    var isCA = options.isCA;
+    var serialNumber = options.serialNumber || '01';
+    var notBefore = options.notBefore || new Date();
+    var notAfter;
+    if(options.notAfter) {
+      notAfter = options.notAfter;
+    } else {
+      notAfter = new Date(notBefore);
+      notAfter.setFullYear(notAfter.getFullYear() + 1);
+    }
+
+    var cert = PKI.createCertificate();
+    cert.publicKey = publicKey;
+    cert.serialNumber = serialNumber;
+    cert.validity.notBefore = notBefore;
+    cert.validity.notAfter = notAfter;
+    cert.setSubject(subject);
+    cert.setIssuer(issuer);
+    var extensions = options.extensions || [];
+    if(isCA) {
+      extensions.push({
+        name: 'basicConstraints',
+        cA: true
+      });
+    }
+    extensions.push({
+      name: 'keyUsage',
+      keyCertSign: true,
+      digitalSignature: true,
+      nonRepudiation: true,
+      keyEncipherment: true,
+      dataEncipherment: true
+    }, {
+      name: 'extKeyUsage',
+      serverAuth: true,
+      clientAuth: true,
+      codeSigning: true,
+      emailProtection: true,
+      timeStamping: true
+    }, {
+      name: 'nsCertType',
+      client: true,
+      server: true,
+      email: true,
+      objsign: true,
+      sslCA: true,
+      emailCA: true,
+      objCA: true
+    }, {
+      name: 'subjectAltName',
+      altNames: [{
+        type: 6, // URI
+        value: 'http://example.org/webid#me'
+      }]
+    }, {
+      name: 'subjectKeyIdentifier'
+    });
+    // FIXME: add authorityKeyIdentifier extension
+    cert.setExtensions(extensions);
+
+    cert.sign(signingKey);
+
+    return cert;
+  }
+})();