payload 4.0.0-internal.4cbdd50 → 4.0.0-internal.4e1f822

package/skills/payload/reference/FIELDS.md

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+# Payload Field Types Reference
+
+Complete reference for all Payload field types with examples.
+
+## Text Field
+
+```ts
+import type { TextField } from 'payload'
+
+const textField: TextField = {
+  name: 'title',
+  type: 'text',
+  required: true,
+  unique: true,
+  minLength: 5,
+  maxLength: 100,
+  index: true,
+  localized: true,
+  defaultValue: 'Default Title',
+  validate: (value) => Boolean(value) || 'Required',
+  admin: {
+    placeholder: 'Enter title...',
+    position: 'sidebar',
+    condition: (data) => data.showTitle === true,
+  },
+}
+```
+
+> **When to use `position: 'sidebar'`:** Reserve the sidebar for short fields that
+> give quick insight into the content — status, category, author, publish date,
+> slug. Avoid it for fields that need horizontal space to be useful, like a
+> description, rich text content, or long text — those belong in the main document
+> area. (`title` above is shown in the sidebar only to demonstrate the option.)
+
+### Slug Field
+
+Use the native `slug` field type for slugs — never hand-roll a
+`{ type: 'text', unique: true }` field. `useAsSlug` is **required** (names the
+source field; there is no `'title'` default). Defaults to `required`, `unique`,
+`index`, `position: 'sidebar'`. Optional server-side `slugify` fn.
+
+```ts
+{ name: 'slug', type: 'slug', useAsSlug: 'title' }
+```
+
+Full prop reference: <https://payloadcms.com/docs/fields/slug>
+
+## Rich Text (Lexical)
+
+```ts
+import type { RichTextField } from 'payload'
+import { lexicalEditor } from '@payloadcms/richtext-lexical'
+import { HeadingFeature, LinkFeature } from '@payloadcms/richtext-lexical'
+
+const richTextField: RichTextField = {
+  name: 'content',
+  type: 'richText',
+  required: true,
+  localized: true,
+  editor: lexicalEditor({
+    features: ({ defaultFeatures }) => [
+      ...defaultFeatures,
+      HeadingFeature({
+        enabledHeadingSizes: ['h1', 'h2', 'h3'],
+      }),
+      LinkFeature({
+        enabledCollections: ['posts', 'pages'],
+      }),
+    ],
+  }),
+}
+```
+
+### Advanced Lexical Configuration
+
+```ts
+import {
+  BoldFeature,
+  FixedToolbarFeature,
+  HeadingFeature,
+  IndentFeature,
+  InlineToolbarFeature,
+  ItalicFeature,
+  LinkFeature,
+  OrderedListFeature,
+  TableFeature,
+  UnderlineFeature,
+  UnorderedListFeature,
+  lexicalEditor,
+} from '@payloadcms/richtext-lexical'
+
+// Global editor config with full features
+export default buildConfig({
+  editor: lexicalEditor({
+    features: () => {
+      return [
+        UnderlineFeature(),
+        BoldFeature(),
+        ItalicFeature(),
+        OrderedListFeature(),
+        UnorderedListFeature(),
+        LinkFeature({
+          enabledCollections: ['pages'],
+          fields: ({ defaultFields }) => {
+            const defaultFieldsWithoutUrl = defaultFields.filter((field) => {
+              if ('name' in field && field.name === 'url') return false
+              return true
+            })
+
+            return [
+              ...defaultFieldsWithoutUrl,
+              {
+                name: 'url',
+                type: 'text',
+                admin: {
+                  condition: ({ linkType }) => linkType !== 'internal',
+                },
+                label: ({ t }) => t('fields:enterURL'),
+                required: true,
+              },
+            ]
+          },
+        }),
+        IndentFeature(),
+        TableFeature(),
+      ]
+    },
+  }),
+})
+
+// Field-specific editor with custom toolbar
+const richTextWithToolbars: RichTextField = {
+  name: 'richText',
+  type: 'richText',
+  editor: lexicalEditor({
+    features: ({ rootFeatures }) => {
+      return [
+        ...rootFeatures,
+        HeadingFeature({ enabledHeadingSizes: ['h2', 'h3', 'h4'] }),
+        FixedToolbarFeature(),
+        InlineToolbarFeature(),
+      ]
+    },
+  }),
+  label: false,
+}
+```
+
+## Relationship
+
+```ts
+import type { RelationshipField } from 'payload'
+
+// Single relationship
+const singleRelationship: RelationshipField = {
+  name: 'author',
+  type: 'relationship',
+  relationTo: 'users',
+  required: true,
+  maxDepth: 2,
+}
+
+// Multiple relationships (hasMany)
+const multipleRelationship: RelationshipField = {
+  name: 'categories',
+  type: 'relationship',
+  relationTo: 'categories',
+  hasMany: true,
+  filterOptions: {
+    active: { equals: true },
+  },
+}
+
+// Polymorphic relationship
+const polymorphicRelationship: PolymorphicRelationshipField = {
+  name: 'relatedContent',
+  type: 'relationship',
+  relationTo: ['posts', 'pages'],
+  hasMany: true,
+}
+```
+
+## Array
+
+```ts
+import type { ArrayField } from 'payload'
+
+const arrayField: ArrayField = {
+  name: 'slides',
+  type: 'array',
+  minRows: 2,
+  maxRows: 10,
+  labels: {
+    singular: 'Slide',
+    plural: 'Slides',
+  },
+  fields: [
+    {
+      name: 'title',
+      type: 'text',
+      required: true,
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'image',
+      type: 'upload',
+      relationTo: 'media',
+    },
+  ],
+  admin: {
+    initCollapsed: true,
+  },
+}
+```
+
+## Blocks
+
+```ts
+import type { BlocksField, Block } from 'payload'
+
+const HeroBlock: Block = {
+  slug: 'hero',
+  interfaceName: 'HeroBlock',
+  fields: [
+    {
+      name: 'heading',
+      type: 'text',
+      required: true,
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'background',
+      type: 'upload',
+      relationTo: 'media',
+    },
+  ],
+}
+
+const ContentBlock: Block = {
+  slug: 'content',
+  fields: [
+    {
+      name: 'text',
+      type: 'richText',
+    },
+  ],
+}
+
+const blocksField: BlocksField = {
+  name: 'layout',
+  type: 'blocks',
+  blocks: [HeroBlock, ContentBlock],
+}
+```
+
+## Select
+
+```ts
+import type { SelectField } from 'payload'
+
+// Use select for genuine taxonomy. For publish state, enable versions.drafts
+// and rely on the auto-injected _status field instead of a custom select.
+const selectField: SelectField = {
+  name: 'priority',
+  type: 'select',
+  options: [
+    { label: 'Low', value: 'low' },
+    { label: 'Medium', value: 'medium' },
+    { label: 'High', value: 'high' },
+  ],
+  defaultValue: 'medium',
+  required: true,
+}
+
+// Multiple select
+const multiSelectField: SelectField = {
+  name: 'tags',
+  type: 'select',
+  hasMany: true,
+  options: ['tech', 'news', 'sports'],
+}
+```
+
+## Upload
+
+```ts
+import type { UploadField } from 'payload'
+
+const uploadField: UploadField = {
+  name: 'featuredImage',
+  type: 'upload',
+  relationTo: 'media',
+  required: true,
+  filterOptions: {
+    mimeType: { contains: 'image' },
+  },
+}
+```
+
+## Point (Geolocation)
+
+Point fields store geographic coordinates with automatic 2dsphere indexing for geospatial queries.
+
+```ts
+import type { PointField } from 'payload'
+
+const locationField: PointField = {
+  name: 'location',
+  type: 'point',
+  label: 'Location',
+  required: true,
+}
+
+// Returns [longitude, latitude]
+// Example: [-122.4194, 37.7749] for San Francisco
+```
+
+### Geospatial Queries
+
+```ts
+// Query by distance (sorted by nearest first)
+const nearbyLocations = await payload.find({
+  collection: 'stores',
+  where: {
+    location: {
+      near: [10, 20], // [longitude, latitude]
+      maxDistance: 5000, // in meters
+      minDistance: 1000,
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+// Query within polygon area
+const polygon: Point[] = [
+  [9.0, 19.0], // bottom-left
+  [9.0, 21.0], // top-left
+  [11.0, 21.0], // top-right
+  [11.0, 19.0], // bottom-right
+  [9.0, 19.0], // closing point
+]
+
+const withinArea = await payload.find({
+  collection: 'stores',
+  where: {
+    location: {
+      within: {
+        type: 'Polygon',
+        coordinates: [polygon],
+      },
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+// Query intersecting area
+const intersecting = await payload.find({
+  collection: 'stores',
+  where: {
+    location: {
+      intersects: {
+        type: 'Polygon',
+        coordinates: [polygon],
+      },
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+**Note**: Point fields are not supported in SQLite.
+
+## Join Fields
+
+Join fields create reverse relationships, allowing you to access related documents from the "other side" of a relationship.
+
+```ts
+import type { JoinField } from 'payload'
+
+// From Users collection - show user's orders
+const ordersJoinField: JoinField = {
+  name: 'orders',
+  type: 'join',
+  collection: 'orders',
+  on: 'customer', // The field in 'orders' that references this user
+  admin: {
+    allowCreate: false,
+    defaultColumns: ['id', 'createdAt', 'total', 'currency', 'items'],
+  },
+}
+
+// From Users collection - show user's cart
+const cartJoinField: JoinField = {
+  name: 'cart',
+  type: 'join',
+  collection: 'carts',
+  on: 'customer',
+  admin: {
+    allowCreate: false,
+    defaultColumns: ['id', 'createdAt', 'total', 'currency'],
+  },
+}
+```
+
+## Virtual Fields
+
+```ts
+import type { TextField } from 'payload'
+
+// Computed from siblings
+const computedVirtualField: TextField = {
+  name: 'fullName',
+  type: 'text',
+  virtual: true,
+  hooks: {
+    afterRead: [({ siblingData }) => `${siblingData.firstName} ${siblingData.lastName}`],
+  },
+}
+
+// From relationship path
+const pathVirtualField: TextField = {
+  name: 'authorName',
+  type: 'text',
+  virtual: 'author.name',
+}
+```
+
+Do not set `admin.useAsTitle` to a computed field configured with
+`virtual: true`. Computed virtual fields are not queryable, and Payload rejects
+them as collection titles. Use a stored top-level field instead. The string-path
+form, such as `virtual: 'author.name'`, is queryable and can be used as
+`admin.useAsTitle` when the title must come from a related document.
+
+## Conditional Fields
+
+```ts
+import type { UploadField, CheckboxField } from 'payload'
+
+// Simple boolean condition
+const enableFeatureField: CheckboxField = {
+  name: 'enableFeature',
+  type: 'checkbox',
+}
+
+const conditionalField: TextField = {
+  name: 'featureText',
+  type: 'text',
+  admin: {
+    condition: (data) => data.enableFeature === true,
+  },
+}
+
+// Sibling data condition (from hero field pattern)
+const typeField: SelectField = {
+  name: 'type',
+  type: 'select',
+  options: ['none', 'highImpact', 'mediumImpact', 'lowImpact'],
+  defaultValue: 'lowImpact',
+}
+
+const mediaField: UploadField = {
+  name: 'media',
+  type: 'upload',
+  relationTo: 'media',
+  admin: {
+    condition: (_, { type } = {}) => ['highImpact', 'mediumImpact'].includes(type),
+  },
+  required: true,
+}
+```
+
+## Radio
+
+Radio fields present options as radio buttons for single selection.
+
+```ts
+import type { RadioField } from 'payload'
+
+const radioField: RadioField = {
+  name: 'priority',
+  type: 'radio',
+  options: [
+    { label: 'Low', value: 'low' },
+    { label: 'Medium', value: 'medium' },
+    { label: 'High', value: 'high' },
+  ],
+  defaultValue: 'medium',
+  admin: {
+    layout: 'horizontal', // or 'vertical'
+  },
+}
+```
+
+## Row (Layout)
+
+Row fields arrange fields horizontally in the admin panel (presentational only).
+
+```ts
+import type { RowField } from 'payload'
+
+const rowField: RowField = {
+  type: 'row',
+  fields: [
+    {
+      name: 'firstName',
+      type: 'text',
+      admin: { width: '50%' },
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'lastName',
+      type: 'text',
+      admin: { width: '50%' },
+    },
+  ],
+}
+```
+
+## Collapsible (Layout)
+
+Collapsible fields group fields in an expandable/collapsible section.
+
+```ts
+import type { CollapsibleField } from 'payload'
+
+const collapsibleField: CollapsibleField = {
+  label: ({ data }) => data?.title || 'Advanced Options',
+  type: 'collapsible',
+  admin: {
+    initCollapsed: true,
+  },
+  fields: [
+    { name: 'customCSS', type: 'textarea' },
+    { name: 'customJS', type: 'code' },
+  ],
+}
+```
+
+## UI (Custom Components)
+
+UI fields allow fully custom React components in the admin (no data stored).
+
+```ts
+import type { UIField } from 'payload'
+
+const uiField: UIField = {
+  name: 'customMessage',
+  type: 'ui',
+  admin: {
+    components: {
+      Field: '/path/to/CustomFieldComponent',
+      Cell: '/path/to/CustomCellComponent', // For list view
+    },
+  },
+}
+```
+
+## Tabs & Groups
+
+```ts
+import type { TabsField, GroupField } from 'payload'
+
+// Tabs
+const tabsField: TabsField = {
+  type: 'tabs',
+  tabs: [
+    {
+      label: 'Content',
+      fields: [
+        { name: 'title', type: 'text' },
+        { name: 'body', type: 'richText' },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      label: 'SEO',
+      fields: [
+        { name: 'metaTitle', type: 'text' },
+        { name: 'metaDescription', type: 'textarea' },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+}
+
+// Group (named)
+const groupField: GroupField = {
+  name: 'meta',
+  type: 'group',
+  fields: [
+    { name: 'title', type: 'text' },
+    { name: 'description', type: 'textarea' },
+  ],
+}
+```
+
+## Reusable Field Factories
+
+Create composable field patterns that can be customized with overrides.
+
+```ts
+import type { Field, GroupField } from 'payload'
+
+// Utility for deep merging
+const deepMerge = <T>(target: T, source: Partial<T>): T => {
+  // Implementation would deeply merge objects
+  return { ...target, ...source }
+}
+
+// Reusable link field factory
+type LinkType = (options?: {
+  appearances?: ('default' | 'outline')[] | false
+  disableLabel?: boolean
+  overrides?: Record<string, unknown>
+}) => GroupField
+
+export const link: LinkType = ({ appearances, disableLabel = false, overrides = {} } = {}) => {
+  const linkField: GroupField = {
+    name: 'link',
+    type: 'group',
+    admin: {
+      hideGutter: true,
+    },
+    fields: [
+      {
+        type: 'row',
+        fields: [
+          {
+            name: 'type',
+            type: 'radio',
+            options: [
+              { label: 'Internal link', value: 'reference' },
+              { label: 'Custom URL', value: 'custom' },
+            ],
+            defaultValue: 'reference',
+            admin: {
+              layout: 'horizontal',
+              width: '50%',
+            },
+          },
+          {
+            name: 'newTab',
+            type: 'checkbox',
+            label: 'Open in new tab',
+            admin: {
+              width: '50%',
+              style: {
+                alignSelf: 'flex-end',
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'reference',
+        type: 'relationship',
+        relationTo: ['pages'],
+        required: true,
+        maxDepth: 1,
+        admin: {
+          condition: (_, siblingData) => siblingData?.type === 'reference',
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'url',
+        type: 'text',
+        label: 'Custom URL',
+        required: true,
+        admin: {
+          condition: (_, siblingData) => siblingData?.type === 'custom',
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  }
+
+  if (!disableLabel) {
+    linkField.fields.push({
+      name: 'label',
+      type: 'text',
+      required: true,
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (appearances !== false) {
+    linkField.fields.push({
+      name: 'appearance',
+      type: 'select',
+      defaultValue: 'default',
+      options: [
+        { label: 'Default', value: 'default' },
+        { label: 'Outline', value: 'outline' },
+      ],
+    })
+  }
+
+  return deepMerge(linkField, overrides) as GroupField
+}
+
+// Usage
+const navItem = link({ appearances: false })
+const ctaButton = link({
+  overrides: {
+    name: 'cta',
+    admin: {
+      description: 'Call to action button',
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+## Field Type Guards
+
+Type guards for runtime field type checking and safe type narrowing.
+
+| Type Guard                  | Checks For                                                  | Use When                                 |
+| --------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
+| `fieldAffectsData`          | Field stores data (has name, not UI-only)                   | Need to access field data or name        |
+| `fieldHasSubFields`         | Field contains nested fields (group/array/row/collapsible)  | Need to recursively traverse fields      |
+| `fieldIsArrayType`          | Field is array type                                         | Distinguish arrays from other containers |
+| `fieldIsBlockType`          | Field is blocks type                                        | Handle blocks-specific logic             |
+| `fieldIsGroupType`          | Field is group type                                         | Handle group-specific logic              |
+| `fieldSupportsMany`         | Field can have multiple values (select/relationship/upload) | Check for `hasMany` support              |
+| `fieldHasMaxDepth`          | Field supports population depth control                     | Control relationship/upload/join depth   |
+| `fieldIsPresentationalOnly` | Field is UI-only (no data storage)                          | Exclude from data operations             |
+| `fieldIsSidebar`            | Field positioned in sidebar                                 | Separate sidebar rendering               |
+| `fieldIsID`                 | Field name is 'id'                                          | Special ID field handling                |
+| `fieldIsHiddenOrDisabled`   | Field is hidden or disabled                                 | Filter from UI operations                |
+| `fieldShouldBeLocalized`    | Field needs localization handling                           | Proper locale table checks               |
+| `fieldIsVirtual`            | Field is virtual (computed/no DB column)                    | Skip in database transforms              |
+| `tabHasName`                | Tab is named (stores data)                                  | Distinguish named vs unnamed tabs        |
+| `groupHasName`              | Group is named (stores data)                                | Distinguish named vs unnamed groups      |
+| `optionIsObject`            | Option is `{label, value}` format                           | Access option properties safely          |
+| `optionsAreObjects`         | All options are objects                                     | Batch option processing                  |
+| `optionIsValue`             | Option is string value                                      | Handle string options                    |
+| `valueIsValueWithRelation`  | Value is polymorphic relationship                           | Handle polymorphic relationships         |
+
+```ts
+import { fieldAffectsData, fieldHasSubFields, fieldIsArrayType } from 'payload'
+
+function processField(field: Field) {
+  if (fieldAffectsData(field)) {
+    // Safe to access field.name
+    console.log(field.name)
+  }
+
+  if (fieldHasSubFields(field)) {
+    // Safe to access field.fields
+    field.fields.forEach(processField)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+See [FIELD-TYPE-GUARDS.md](FIELD-TYPE-GUARDS.md) for detailed usage patterns.