parseman 0.11.0 → 0.13.0

package/dist/index.js

@@ -746,12 +746,15 @@ function scanFastWsCommentsChunks(input, cur, wsKind, commentKind) {
       continue;
     }
     if (c === 47 && input.charCodeAt(pos + 1) === 42) {
-      const start = pos;
       let j = pos + 2;
       while (j + 1 < input.length && !(input.charCodeAt(j) === 42 && input.charCodeAt(j + 1) === 47)) j++;
-      pos = j + 2 <= input.length ? j + 2 : input.length;
-      chunks.push({ start, end: pos, kindIndex: commentKind });
-      continue;
+      if (j + 1 < input.length && input.charCodeAt(j) === 42 && input.charCodeAt(j + 1) === 47) {
+        const start = pos;
+        pos = j + 2;
+        chunks.push({ start, end: pos, kindIndex: commentKind });
+        continue;
+      }
+      break;
     }
     break;
   }
@@ -1340,38 +1343,140 @@ function parse(combinator, input, opts = {}) {
   return withErrors;
 }
 
+// src/combinators/expect.ts
+function staticExpected(c) {
+  const def = c._def;
+  switch (def.tag) {
+    case "literal":
+      return [JSON.stringify(def.value)];
+    case "regex":
+      return [`/${def.source}/`];
+    case "keywords":
+      return def.words.map((w) => JSON.stringify(w));
+    case "label":
+      return [def.label];
+    case "choice":
+      return def.parsers.flatMap(staticExpected);
+    case "sequence":
+      return def.parsers.length > 0 ? staticExpected(def.parsers[0]) : [];
+    case "node":
+    case "grammar":
+    case "trivia":
+    case "optional":
+    case "many":
+    case "oneOrMore":
+    case "transform":
+    case "not":
+      return staticExpected(def.parser);
+    case "lazy":
+      return staticExpected(def.thunk());
+    default:
+      return [];
+  }
+}
+function expect(combinator, label2) {
+  const expected = label2 !== void 0 ? [label2] : staticExpected(combinator);
+  const meta = {
+    firstSet: combinator._meta.firstSet,
+    canMatchNewline: combinator._meta.canMatchNewline,
+    isTrivia: false
+  };
+  return {
+    _tag: "expect",
+    _meta: meta,
+    _def: { tag: "expect", parser: combinator, label: label2, expected },
+    parse(input, pos, ctx) {
+      const result = combinator.parse(input, pos, ctx);
+      if (result.ok) return result;
+      const error = { _tag: "parseError", span: { start: pos, end: pos }, expected };
+      ctx._errors?.push(error);
+      return { ok: true, value: error, span: { start: pos, end: pos } };
+    }
+  };
+}
+
 // src/compiler/scannable-run.ts
+var BACKSLASH = 92;
 var CLASS_ESCAPES = { t: 9, n: 10, r: 13, f: 12, v: 11, "0": 0 };
 var META = new Set("()[]{}*+?|^$.".split(""));
+var SPACE_RANGES = [
+  [9, 13],
+  [32, 32],
+  [160, 160],
+  [5760, 5760],
+  [8192, 8202],
+  [8232, 8232],
+  [8233, 8233],
+  [8239, 8239],
+  [8287, 8287],
+  [12288, 12288],
+  [65279, 65279]
+];
+function shorthandRanges(ch) {
+  if (ch === "d") return [[48, 57]];
+  if (ch === "s") return SPACE_RANGES;
+  return [[48, 57], [65, 90], [97, 122], [95, 95]];
+}
+function readUnicodeEscape(body, i) {
+  if (body[i] !== "\\" || body[i + 1] !== "u") return null;
+  const hex = body.slice(i + 2, i + 6);
+  if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]{4}$/.test(hex)) return null;
+  return { cp: Number.parseInt(hex, 16), next: i + 6 };
+}
 function parseClassRanges(body) {
   const ranges = [];
   let i = 0;
-  const readCp = () => {
+  const readAtom = () => {
     const ch = body[i];
     if (ch === void 0) return null;
     if (ch === "\\") {
+      const uni = readUnicodeEscape(body, i);
+      if (uni) {
+        i = uni.next;
+        return { cp: uni.cp };
+      }
       const e = body[i + 1];
       if (e === void 0) return null;
       i += 2;
-      return e in CLASS_ESCAPES ? CLASS_ESCAPES[e] : e.codePointAt(0);
+      if (e in CLASS_ESCAPES) return { cp: CLASS_ESCAPES[e] };
+      if (e === "d" || e === "w" || e === "s") return { set: shorthandRanges(e) };
+      if (e >= "a" && e <= "z" || e >= "A" && e <= "Z") return null;
+      return { cp: e.codePointAt(0) };
     }
     i += ch.length;
-    return ch.codePointAt(0);
+    return { cp: ch.codePointAt(0) };
   };
   while (i < body.length) {
-    const lo = readCp();
+    const lo = readAtom();
     if (lo === null) return null;
+    if ("set" in lo) {
+      ranges.push(...lo.set);
+      continue;
+    }
     if (body[i] === "-" && body[i + 1] !== void 0 && body[i + 1] !== "]") {
       i += 1;
-      const hi = readCp();
-      if (hi === null) return null;
-      ranges.push([lo, hi]);
+      const hi = readAtom();
+      if (hi === null || "set" in hi) return null;
+      ranges.push([lo.cp, hi.cp]);
     } else {
-      ranges.push([lo, lo]);
+      ranges.push([lo.cp, lo.cp]);
     }
   }
   return ranges.length ? ranges : null;
 }
+function classToRanges(cls) {
+  if (cls === "\\d") return shorthandRanges("d");
+  if (cls === "\\w") return shorthandRanges("w");
+  if (cls === "\\s") return shorthandRanges("s");
+  const body = cls.slice(1, -1);
+  if (body.startsWith("^")) return null;
+  return parseClassRanges(body);
+}
+var foldEq = (cVar, cp) => {
+  if (cp >= 65 && cp <= 90) return `(${cVar} === ${cp} || ${cVar} === ${cp + 32})`;
+  if (cp >= 97 && cp <= 122) return `(${cVar} === ${cp} || ${cVar} === ${cp - 32})`;
+  return `${cVar} === ${cp}`;
+};
 function literalCodePoints(frag) {
   const out = [];
   let i = 0;
@@ -1390,19 +1495,482 @@ function literalCodePoints(frag) {
   }
   return out.length ? out : null;
 }
+function parseStringShape(source) {
+  const q = source[0];
+  if (q === void 0 || q === "\\" || META.has(q)) return null;
+  if (source.length < 3 || source[source.length - 1] !== q) return null;
+  const inner = source.slice(1, -1);
+  const CLS = String.raw`\[\^((?:\\.|[^\]])+)\]`;
+  const ESC = String.raw`\\\\(\.|\[\\s\\S\]|\[\\S\\s\])`;
+  let body;
+  let esc;
+  let m = new RegExp(`^\\((?:\\?:)?${CLS}\\|${ESC}\\)\\*$`).exec(inner);
+  if (m) {
+    body = m[1];
+    esc = m[2];
+  } else {
+    m = new RegExp(`^\\((?:\\?:)?${ESC}\\|${CLS}\\)\\*$`).exec(inner);
+    if (m) {
+      esc = m[1];
+      body = m[2];
+    }
+  }
+  if (body === void 0 || esc === void 0) return null;
+  const excluded = parseClassRanges(body);
+  if (!excluded) return null;
+  const qcp = q.codePointAt(0);
+  const inSet = (cp) => excluded.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
+  if (!inSet(qcp) || !inSet(BACKSLASH)) return null;
+  return { kind: "string", quote: qcp, excluded, escLineTerm: esc !== "." };
+}
+function parseSeqParts(source) {
+  const parts = [];
+  let lit = [];
+  const flush = () => {
+    if (lit.length) {
+      parts.push({ part: "lit", cps: lit, optional: false });
+      lit = [];
+    }
+  };
+  const runFrom = (ranges, negated, q) => {
+    if (q === "+") {
+      parts.push({ part: "run", ranges, negated, min: 1, unbounded: true });
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if (q === "*") {
+      parts.push({ part: "run", ranges, negated, min: 0, unbounded: true });
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if (q === "?") {
+      parts.push({ part: "run", ranges, negated, min: 0, unbounded: false });
+      return 1;
+    }
+    parts.push({ part: "run", ranges, negated, min: 1, unbounded: false });
+    return 0;
+  };
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < source.length) {
+    const ch = source[i];
+    if (ch === "[") {
+      let k = i + 1;
+      const neg = source[k] === "^";
+      if (neg) k++;
+      let body = "";
+      while (k < source.length && source[k] !== "]") {
+        if (source[k] === "\\") {
+          body += source[k] + (source[k + 1] ?? "");
+          k += 2;
+        } else {
+          body += source[k];
+          k++;
+        }
+      }
+      if (source[k] !== "]") return null;
+      const ranges = parseClassRanges(body);
+      if (!ranges) return null;
+      flush();
+      i = k + 1;
+      i += runFrom(ranges, neg, source[i]);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === "\\") {
+      const e = source[i + 1];
+      if (e === "d" || e === "w" || e === "s") {
+        flush();
+        i += 2;
+        i += runFrom(shorthandRanges(e), false, source[i]);
+        continue;
+      }
+      const uni = readUnicodeEscape(source, i);
+      let cp2;
+      if (uni) {
+        cp2 = uni.cp;
+        i = uni.next;
+      } else if (e === void 0) return null;
+      else if (e in CLASS_ESCAPES) {
+        cp2 = CLASS_ESCAPES[e];
+        i += 2;
+      } else if (e >= "a" && e <= "z" || e >= "A" && e <= "Z") return null;
+      else {
+        cp2 = e.codePointAt(0);
+        i += 2;
+      }
+      if (source[i] === "?") {
+        flush();
+        parts.push({ part: "lit", cps: [cp2], optional: true });
+        i++;
+      } else lit.push(cp2);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === "(") {
+      if (source[i + 1] !== "?" || source[i + 2] !== ":") return null;
+      let k = i + 3;
+      let depth = 1;
+      while (k < source.length && depth > 0) {
+        const c2 = source[k];
+        if (c2 === "\\") {
+          k += 2;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (c2 === "[") {
+          let j = k + 1;
+          if (source[j] === "^") j++;
+          while (j < source.length && source[j] !== "]") {
+            if (source[j] === "\\") j += 2;
+            else j++;
+          }
+          if (source[j] !== "]") return null;
+          k = j + 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (c2 === "(") depth++;
+        else if (c2 === ")") depth--;
+        k++;
+      }
+      if (depth !== 0) return null;
+      const body = source.slice(i + 3, k - 1);
+      const inner = parseScanShape(body);
+      if (!inner || !groupInnerSafe(inner)) return null;
+      const q = source[k];
+      if (q === "{") return null;
+      flush();
+      if (q === "+") {
+        if (shapeCanBeEmpty(inner)) return null;
+        parts.push({ part: "group", inner, min: 1, unbounded: true });
+        i = k + 1;
+      } else if (q === "*") {
+        if (shapeCanBeEmpty(inner)) return null;
+        parts.push({ part: "group", inner, min: 0, unbounded: true });
+        i = k + 1;
+      } else if (q === "?") {
+        parts.push({ part: "group", inner, min: 0, unbounded: false });
+        i = k + 1;
+      } else {
+        parts.push({ part: "group", inner, min: 1, unbounded: false });
+        i = k;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (META.has(ch)) return null;
+    const cp = ch.codePointAt(0);
+    i += ch.length;
+    if (source[i] === "?") {
+      flush();
+      parts.push({ part: "lit", cps: [cp], optional: true });
+      i++;
+    } else lit.push(cp);
+  }
+  flush();
+  return parts.length ? parts : null;
+}
+function seqIsUnambiguous(parts) {
+  let hasMandatory = false;
+  for (let k = 0; k < parts.length; k++) {
+    const p = parts[k];
+    const mandatory = p.part === "lit" ? !p.optional : p.min === 1;
+    if (mandatory) hasMandatory = true;
+    const skippableSingle = p.part === "lit" && p.optional || p.part !== "lit" && !p.unbounded && p.min === 0;
+    const isUnboundedRepeat = p.part !== "lit" && p.unbounded;
+    if (skippableSingle || isUnboundedRepeat) {
+      const rest = seqFirstAccept(parts.slice(k + 1));
+      if (!firstSetsDisjoint(partFirstAccept(p), rest)) return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return hasMandatory;
+}
+function rangesOverlap(a, b) {
+  return a.some(([lo, hi]) => b.some(([lo2, hi2]) => lo <= hi2 && lo2 <= hi));
+}
+function rangesSubset(sub, sup) {
+  return sub.every(([lo, hi]) => sup.some(([lo2, hi2]) => lo >= lo2 && hi <= hi2));
+}
+function parseClassOperand(body) {
+  if (body === "\\d" || body === "\\w" || body === "\\s") {
+    return { ranges: shorthandRanges(body[1]), negated: false };
+  }
+  if (body.length >= 2 && body[0] === "[" && body[body.length - 1] === "]") {
+    let inner = body.slice(1, -1);
+    const negated = inner.startsWith("^");
+    if (negated) inner = inner.slice(1);
+    const ranges = parseClassRanges(inner);
+    return ranges ? { ranges, negated } : null;
+  }
+  const cps = literalCodePoints(body);
+  if (cps && cps.length === 1) return { ranges: [[cps[0], cps[0]]], negated: false };
+  return null;
+}
+function classSubset(t, u) {
+  if (!t.negated && !u.negated) return rangesSubset(t.ranges, u.ranges);
+  if (!t.negated && u.negated) return !rangesOverlap(t.ranges, u.ranges);
+  if (t.negated && !u.negated) return false;
+  return rangesSubset(u.ranges, t.ranges);
+}
+function classDisjoint(t, u) {
+  if (!t.negated && !u.negated) return !rangesOverlap(t.ranges, u.ranges);
+  if (!t.negated && u.negated) return rangesSubset(t.ranges, u.ranges);
+  if (t.negated && !u.negated) return rangesSubset(u.ranges, t.ranges);
+  return false;
+}
+function firstSetsDisjoint(a, b) {
+  if (a === "any" || b === "any") return false;
+  return classDisjoint(a, b);
+}
+function trailingBacktrackClass(shape) {
+  if (shape.kind === "chars") return { ranges: shape.ranges, negated: false };
+  if (shape.kind === "ident") return { ranges: shape.tail, negated: false };
+  if (shape.kind === "litFold") return null;
+  if (shape.kind === "seq") {
+    const last = shape.parts[shape.parts.length - 1];
+    if (last.part === "lit") return null;
+    if (last.part === "run") {
+      if (last.unbounded || last.min === 0) return { ranges: last.ranges, negated: last.negated };
+      return null;
+    }
+    const innerWiggle = trailingBacktrackClass(last.inner);
+    if (innerWiggle === "unsupported") return "unsupported";
+    const requiredOnce = !last.unbounded && last.min === 1;
+    if (requiredOnce) return innerWiggle;
+    const dropExposed = shapeFirstAccept(last.inner);
+    if (dropExposed === "any") return "unsupported";
+    if (innerWiggle === null) return dropExposed;
+    const unioned = unionCharSets([innerWiggle, dropExposed]);
+    return unioned === "any" ? "unsupported" : unioned;
+  }
+  if (shape.kind === "alt") {
+    if (!shape.disjoint) return "unsupported";
+    const classes = shape.arms.map(trailingBacktrackClass);
+    if (classes.some((c) => c === "unsupported")) return "unsupported";
+    const concrete = classes.filter((c) => c !== null);
+    if (concrete.length === 0) return null;
+    const unioned = unionCharSets(concrete);
+    return unioned === "any" ? "unsupported" : unioned;
+  }
+  return "unsupported";
+}
+function lookaheadUnambiguous(inner, operand, negative) {
+  const tail = trailingBacktrackClass(inner);
+  if (tail === "unsupported") return false;
+  if (tail === null) return true;
+  return negative ? classSubset(tail, operand) : classDisjoint(tail, operand);
+}
+function stripTrailingLookahead(source) {
+  if (!source.endsWith(")")) return null;
+  for (const negative of [true, false]) {
+    const lead = negative ? "(?!" : "(?=";
+    const idx = source.lastIndexOf(lead);
+    if (idx === -1) continue;
+    const body = source.slice(idx + lead.length, -1);
+    const operand = body.length ? parseClassOperand(body) : null;
+    if (!operand) continue;
+    return { base: source.slice(0, idx), ranges: operand.ranges, classNegated: operand.negated, negative };
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+function unwrapOuterGroup(source) {
+  while (source.startsWith("(?:")) {
+    let depth = 1;
+    let i = 3;
+    let ok = true;
+    while (i < source.length && depth > 0) {
+      const ch = source[i];
+      if (ch === "\\") {
+        i += 2;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ch === "[") {
+        let j = i + 1;
+        if (source[j] === "^") j++;
+        while (j < source.length && source[j] !== "]") {
+          if (source[j] === "\\") j += 2;
+          else j++;
+        }
+        if (source[j] !== "]") {
+          ok = false;
+          break;
+        }
+        i = j + 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ch === "(") depth++;
+      else if (ch === ")") depth--;
+      i++;
+    }
+    if (!ok || depth !== 0 || i !== source.length) break;
+    source = source.slice(3, -1);
+  }
+  return source;
+}
+function splitTopLevelAlternation(source) {
+  const body = unwrapOuterGroup(source);
+  const parts = [];
+  let depth = 0;
+  let last = 0;
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < body.length) {
+    const ch = body[i];
+    if (ch === "\\") {
+      i += 2;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === "[") {
+      let j = i + 1;
+      if (body[j] === "^") j++;
+      while (j < body.length && body[j] !== "]") {
+        if (body[j] === "\\") j += 2;
+        else j++;
+      }
+      if (body[j] !== "]") return null;
+      i = j + 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === "(") {
+      depth++;
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === ")") {
+      depth--;
+      if (depth < 0) return null;
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === "|" && depth === 0) {
+      parts.push(body.slice(last, i));
+      last = i + 1;
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+    i++;
+  }
+  if (depth !== 0) return null;
+  parts.push(body.slice(last));
+  if (parts.length < 2 || parts.some((p) => p.length === 0)) return null;
+  return parts;
+}
+function shapeCanBeEmpty(shape) {
+  if (shape.kind === "chars") return !shape.minOne;
+  if (shape.kind === "lookahead") return shapeCanBeEmpty(shape.inner);
+  if (shape.kind === "alt") return shape.arms.some(shapeCanBeEmpty);
+  return false;
+}
+function unionCharSets(sets) {
+  if (sets.some((s) => s === "any")) return "any";
+  const concrete = sets;
+  if (concrete.length === 1) return concrete[0];
+  if (concrete.some((s) => s.negated)) return "any";
+  return { ranges: concrete.flatMap((s) => s.ranges), negated: false };
+}
+function partFirstAccept(part) {
+  if (part.part === "lit") return { ranges: [[part.cps[0], part.cps[0]]], negated: false };
+  if (part.part === "run") return { ranges: part.ranges, negated: part.negated };
+  return shapeFirstAccept(part.inner);
+}
+function seqFirstAccept(parts) {
+  const sets = [];
+  for (const p of parts) {
+    const mandatory = p.part === "lit" ? !p.optional : p.min === 1;
+    sets.push(partFirstAccept(p));
+    if (mandatory) break;
+  }
+  return unionCharSets(sets);
+}
+function groupInnerSafe(shape) {
+  if (shape.kind === "chars" || shape.kind === "ident" || shape.kind === "seq" || shape.kind === "litFold") return true;
+  if (shape.kind === "lookahead") return groupInnerSafe(shape.inner);
+  if (shape.kind === "alt") return shape.disjoint;
+  return false;
+}
+function shapeFirstAccept(shape) {
+  if (shapeCanBeEmpty(shape)) return "any";
+  switch (shape.kind) {
+    case "chars":
+      return { ranges: shape.ranges, negated: false };
+    case "ident":
+      return { ranges: shape.head, negated: false };
+    case "until":
+      return { ranges: [[shape.open[0], shape.open[0]]], negated: false };
+    case "delimited":
+      return { ranges: [[shape.open[0], shape.open[0]]], negated: false };
+    case "string":
+      return { ranges: [[shape.quote, shape.quote]], negated: false };
+    case "litFold": {
+      const cp = shape.open[0];
+      if (cp >= 65 && cp <= 90) return { ranges: [[cp, cp], [cp + 32, cp + 32]], negated: false };
+      if (cp >= 97 && cp <= 122) return { ranges: [[cp, cp], [cp - 32, cp - 32]], negated: false };
+      return { ranges: [[cp, cp]], negated: false };
+    }
+    case "seq":
+      return seqFirstAccept(shape.parts);
+    case "lookahead":
+      return shapeFirstAccept(shape.inner);
+    // zero-width — doesn't change first-char acceptance
+    case "alt": {
+      if (!shape.disjoint) return "any";
+      const sets = shape.firsts.filter((f) => f !== null);
+      return sets.length === shape.arms.length ? unionCharSets(sets) : "any";
+    }
+  }
+}
+function allPairsDisjoint(sets) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < sets.length; i++) {
+    const a = sets[i];
+    if (a === "any") return false;
+    for (let j = i + 1; j < sets.length; j++) {
+      const b = sets[j];
+      if (b === "any" || !classDisjoint(a, b)) return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+function parseAlternation(source) {
+  const parts = splitTopLevelAlternation(source);
+  if (!parts) return null;
+  const arms = [];
+  for (const p of parts) {
+    const arm = parseScanShape(p);
+    if (!arm) return null;
+    arms.push(arm);
+  }
+  const firstSets = arms.map(shapeFirstAccept);
+  const disjoint = allPairsDisjoint(firstSets);
+  return { kind: "alt", arms, disjoint, firsts: firstSets.map((f) => f === "any" ? null : f) };
+}
 function parseScanShape(source) {
+  const alt = parseAlternation(source);
+  if (alt) return alt;
+  const la = stripTrailingLookahead(source);
+  if (la) {
+    const inner = parseScanShapeCore(la.base);
+    if (!inner) return null;
+    const operand = { ranges: la.ranges, negated: la.classNegated };
+    if (!lookaheadUnambiguous(inner, operand, la.negative)) return null;
+    return { kind: "lookahead", inner, ranges: la.ranges, classNegated: la.classNegated, negative: la.negative };
+  }
+  return parseScanShapeCore(source);
+}
+function parseScanShapeCore(source) {
   let m = /^\[((?:\\.|[^\]])+)\]([+*])$/.exec(source);
-  if (m) {
-    if (m[1].startsWith("^")) return null;
+  if (m && !m[1].startsWith("^")) {
     const ranges = parseClassRanges(m[1]);
-    return ranges ? { kind: "chars", ranges } : null;
+    return ranges ? { kind: "chars", ranges, minOne: m[2] === "+" } : null;
   }
+  m = /^\\([dws])([+*])$/.exec(source);
+  if (m) {
+    return { kind: "chars", ranges: shorthandRanges(m[1]), minOne: m[2] === "+" };
+  }
+  m = /^(\[(?:\\.|[^\]])+\]|\\[dws])(\[(?:\\.|[^\]])+\]|\\[dws])\*$/.exec(source);
+  if (m) {
+    const head = classToRanges(m[1]);
+    const tail = classToRanges(m[2]);
+    if (head && tail) return { kind: "ident", head, tail };
+  }
+  const str = parseStringShape(source);
+  if (str) return str;
   m = /^(.*?)\[\^((?:\\.|[^\]])+)\]\*$/.exec(source);
   if (m) {
     const open = literalCodePoints(m[1]);
     const stop = parseClassRanges(m[2]);
     if (open && stop) return { kind: "until", open, stop };
-    return null;
   }
   if (!source.includes("\\\\")) {
     m = /^(.*?)\((?:\?:)?[\s\S]*\)\*(.*?)$/.exec(source);
@@ -1412,68 +1980,278 @@ function parseScanShape(source) {
       if (open && close) return { kind: "delimited", open, close };
     }
   }
+  const parts = parseSeqParts(source);
+  if (parts && seqIsUnambiguous(parts)) return { kind: "seq", parts };
   return null;
 }
+function scanShapeFromRegex(source, flags) {
+  if (/[msu]/.test(flags)) return null;
+  if (/i/.test(flags)) {
+    const open = literalCodePoints(source);
+    return open ? { kind: "litFold", open } : null;
+  }
+  return parseScanShape(source);
+}
 var classCond = (cVar, ranges) => ranges.map(([lo, hi]) => lo === hi ? `${cVar} === ${lo}` : `(${cVar} >= ${lo} && ${cVar} <= ${hi})`).join(" || ");
 var litCond = (base, cps, firstVar) => cps.map(
   (cp, k) => k === 0 && firstVar ? `${firstVar} === ${cp}` : `input.charCodeAt(${base}${k ? ` + ${k}` : ""}) === ${cp}`
 ).join(" && ");
-function advanceExpr(shape) {
+var LINE_TERMINATORS = [10, 13, 8232, 8233];
+function stringHardStop(shape) {
+  return shape.excluded.filter(
+    ([lo, hi]) => !(lo === hi && (lo === shape.quote || lo === BACKSLASH))
+  );
+}
+var codeAt = (start, firstChar) => firstChar ?? `input.charCodeAt(${start})`;
+function emitShapeMatch(shape, start, mint, ind2, firstChar) {
+  if (shape.kind === "lookahead") {
+    const inner = emitShapeMatch(shape.inner, start, mint, ind2, firstChar);
+    const okV = mint("_ok");
+    const endV2 = mint("_end");
+    const rawIn = classCond(`input.charCodeAt(${inner.end})`, shape.ranges);
+    const charInClass = shape.classNegated ? `!(${rawIn})` : `(${rawIn})`;
+    const hasMatchingChar = `${inner.end} < input.length && ${charInClass}`;
+    const guardFails = shape.negative ? hasMatchingChar : `!(${hasMatchingChar})`;
+    return {
+      setup: [
+        ...inner.setup,
+        `${ind2}let ${okV} = ${inner.ok}`,
+        `${ind2}let ${endV2} = ${inner.end}`,
+        `${ind2}if (${okV} && (${guardFails})) { ${okV} = false; ${endV2} = ${start} }`
+      ],
+      ok: okV,
+      end: endV2
+    };
+  }
+  if (shape.kind === "alt") {
+    const okV = mint("_ok");
+    const endV2 = mint("_end");
+    const lines = [`${ind2}let ${okV} = false`, `${ind2}let ${endV2} = ${start}`];
+    if (shape.disjoint) {
+      const c0 = codeAt(start, firstChar);
+      shape.arms.forEach((arm, k) => {
+        const fs = shape.firsts[k];
+        const cond = fs.negated ? `!(${classCond(c0, fs.ranges)})` : `(${classCond(c0, fs.ranges)})`;
+        const m = emitShapeMatch(arm, start, mint, `${ind2}  `, firstChar);
+        lines.push(`${ind2}${k === 0 ? "if" : "else if"} (${start} < input.length && ${cond}) {`);
+        lines.push(...m.setup);
+        lines.push(`${ind2}  ${okV} = ${m.ok}`);
+        lines.push(`${ind2}  ${endV2} = ${m.ok} ? ${m.end} : ${start}`);
+        lines.push(`${ind2}}`);
+      });
+    } else {
+      const lbl = mint("_alt");
+      lines.push(`${ind2}${lbl}: {`);
+      for (const arm of shape.arms) {
+        const m = emitShapeMatch(arm, start, mint, `${ind2}  `, firstChar);
+        lines.push(...m.setup);
+        lines.push(`${ind2}  if (${m.ok}) { ${okV} = true; ${endV2} = ${m.end}; break ${lbl} }`);
+      }
+      lines.push(`${ind2}}`);
+    }
+    return { setup: lines, ok: okV, end: endV2 };
+  }
   if (shape.kind === "chars") {
+    const cur = mint("_e");
     return {
       setup: [
-        `      _e++`,
-        `      while (_e < input.length) { const c2 = input.charCodeAt(_e); if (${classCond("c2", shape.ranges)}) _e++; else break }`
+        `${ind2}let ${cur} = ${start}`,
+        `${ind2}while (${cur} < input.length && (${classCond(`input.charCodeAt(${cur})`, shape.ranges)})) ${cur}++`
       ],
-      endVar: "_e"
+      // `*` always matches (possibly empty); `+` needs at least one char.
+      ok: shape.minOne ? `${cur} > ${start}` : "true",
+      end: cur
+    };
+  }
+  if (shape.kind === "ident") {
+    const cur = mint("_e");
+    return {
+      setup: [
+        `${ind2}let ${cur} = ${start}`,
+        `${ind2}if (${start} < input.length && (${classCond(codeAt(start, firstChar), shape.head)})) {`,
+        `${ind2}  ${cur} = ${start} + 1`,
+        `${ind2}  while (${cur} < input.length && (${classCond(`input.charCodeAt(${cur})`, shape.tail)})) ${cur}++`,
+        `${ind2}}`
+      ],
+      ok: `${cur} > ${start}`,
+      end: cur
+    };
+  }
+  if (shape.kind === "seq") {
+    const endV2 = mint("_e");
+    const okV = mint("_ok");
+    const runCond = (p, at) => {
+      const c = classCond(`input.charCodeAt(${at})`, p.ranges);
+      return p.negated ? `!(${c})` : `(${c})`;
+    };
+    const lines = [`${ind2}let ${endV2} = ${start}`, `${ind2}let ${okV} = false`, `${ind2}do {`];
+    let first = true;
+    for (const p of shape.parts) {
+      if (p.part === "lit") {
+        const L = p.cps.length;
+        const cond = litCond(endV2, p.cps, first ? firstChar : void 0);
+        if (p.optional) {
+          lines.push(`${ind2}  if (${endV2} + ${L} <= input.length && (${cond})) ${endV2} += ${L}`);
+        } else {
+          lines.push(`${ind2}  if (!(${endV2} + ${L} <= input.length && (${cond}))) break`);
+          lines.push(`${ind2}  ${endV2} += ${L}`);
+        }
+      } else if (p.part === "run" && !p.unbounded) {
+        if (p.min === 1) {
+          lines.push(`${ind2}  if (!(${endV2} < input.length && ${runCond(p, endV2)})) break`);
+          lines.push(`${ind2}  ${endV2}++`);
+        } else {
+          lines.push(`${ind2}  if (${endV2} < input.length && ${runCond(p, endV2)}) ${endV2}++`);
+        }
+      } else if (p.part === "run") {
+        const s = mint("_s");
+        lines.push(`${ind2}  const ${s} = ${endV2}`);
+        lines.push(`${ind2}  while (${endV2} < input.length && ${runCond(p, endV2)}) ${endV2}++`);
+        if (p.min === 1) lines.push(`${ind2}  if (${endV2} === ${s}) break`);
+      } else {
+        const inner = emitShapeMatch(p.inner, endV2, mint, `${ind2}  `, first ? firstChar : void 0);
+        if (!p.unbounded) {
+          lines.push(...inner.setup);
+          if (p.min === 1) {
+            lines.push(`${ind2}  if (!(${inner.ok})) break`);
+            lines.push(`${ind2}  ${endV2} = ${inner.end}`);
+          } else {
+            lines.push(`${ind2}  if (${inner.ok}) ${endV2} = ${inner.end}`);
+          }
+        } else {
+          const progV = mint("_prog");
+          lines.push(`${ind2}  let ${progV} = false`);
+          lines.push(`${ind2}  while (true) {`);
+          lines.push(...inner.setup);
+          lines.push(`${ind2}    if (!(${inner.ok})) break`);
+          lines.push(`${ind2}    ${endV2} = ${inner.end}`);
+          lines.push(`${ind2}    ${progV} = true`);
+          lines.push(`${ind2}  }`);
+          if (p.min === 1) lines.push(`${ind2}  if (!${progV}) break`);
+        }
+      }
+      first = false;
+    }
+    lines.push(`${ind2}  ${okV} = true`);
+    lines.push(`${ind2}} while (false)`);
+    lines.push(`${ind2}if (!${okV}) ${endV2} = ${start}`);
+    return { setup: lines, ok: okV, end: endV2 };
+  }
+  if (shape.kind === "litFold") {
+    const openLen2 = shape.open.length;
+    const endV2 = mint("_end");
+    const checks = shape.open.map((cp, k) => {
+      const cVar = k === 0 && firstChar ? firstChar : `input.charCodeAt(${start} + ${k})`;
+      return foldEq(cVar, cp);
+    });
+    return {
+      setup: [
+        `${ind2}let ${endV2} = ${start}`,
+        `${ind2}if (${start} + ${openLen2} <= input.length && (${checks.join(" && ")})) ${endV2} = ${start} + ${openLen2}`
+      ],
+      ok: `${endV2} > ${start}`,
+      end: endV2
     };
   }
   if (shape.kind === "until") {
+    const j2 = mint("_j");
+    const openLen2 = shape.open.length;
+    const openChk2 = openLen2 === 1 ? `${codeAt(start, firstChar)} === ${shape.open[0]}` : litCond(start, shape.open, firstChar);
     return {
       setup: [
-        `      let j = _e + ${shape.open.length}`,
-        `      while (j < input.length && !(${classCond("input.charCodeAt(j)", shape.stop)})) j++`
+        `${ind2}let ${j2} = ${start}`,
+        `${ind2}if (${start} + ${openLen2} <= input.length && (${openChk2})) {`,
+        `${ind2}  ${j2} = ${start} + ${openLen2}`,
+        `${ind2}  while (${j2} < input.length && !(${classCond(`input.charCodeAt(${j2})`, shape.stop)})) ${j2}++`,
+        `${ind2}}`
       ],
-      endVar: "j"
+      // An open-until-terminator always completes (stop char or EOF), so a matched
+      // open literal is a full match; `end === start` iff the open didn't match.
+      ok: `${j2} > ${start}`,
+      end: j2
     };
   }
-  const n = shape.close.length;
+  if (shape.kind === "string") {
+    const okV = mint("_ok");
+    const endV2 = mint("_end");
+    const i = mint("_i");
+    const c2 = mint("_c");
+    const hard = stringHardStop(shape);
+    const ltLines = shape.escLineTerm ? [] : (() => {
+      const c3 = mint("_c");
+      return [
+        `${ind2}      const ${c3} = input.charCodeAt(${i} + 1)`,
+        `${ind2}      if (${LINE_TERMINATORS.map((t) => `${c3} === ${t}`).join(" || ")}) break`
+      ];
+    })();
+    return {
+      setup: [
+        `${ind2}let ${okV} = false`,
+        `${ind2}let ${endV2} = ${start}`,
+        `${ind2}if (${start} < input.length && (${codeAt(start, firstChar)}) === ${shape.quote}) {`,
+        `${ind2}  let ${i} = ${start} + 1`,
+        `${ind2}  while (${i} < input.length) {`,
+        `${ind2}    const ${c2} = input.charCodeAt(${i})`,
+        `${ind2}    if (${c2} === ${shape.quote}) { ${okV} = true; ${endV2} = ${i} + 1; break }`,
+        `${ind2}    if (${c2} === ${BACKSLASH}) {`,
+        `${ind2}      if (${i} + 1 >= input.length) break`,
+        ...ltLines,
+        `${ind2}      ${i} += 2`,
+        `${ind2}      continue`,
+        `${ind2}    }`,
+        ...hard.length ? [`${ind2}    if (${classCond(c2, hard)}) break`] : [],
+        `${ind2}    ${i}++`,
+        `${ind2}  }`,
+        `${ind2}}`
+      ],
+      ok: okV,
+      end: endV2
+    };
+  }
+  const j = mint("_j");
+  const endV = mint("_end");
+  const openLen = shape.open.length;
+  const closeLen = shape.close.length;
+  const openChk = openLen === 1 ? `${codeAt(start, firstChar)} === ${shape.open[0]}` : litCond(start, shape.open, firstChar);
+  const closeChk = litCond(j, shape.close);
   return {
     setup: [
-      `      let j = _e + ${shape.open.length}`,
-      `      while (j + ${n - 1} < input.length && !(${litCond("j", shape.close)})) j++`
+      `${ind2}let ${j} = ${start}`,
+      `${ind2}let ${endV} = ${start}`,
+      `${ind2}if (${start} + ${openLen} <= input.length && (${openChk})) {`,
+      `${ind2}  ${j} = ${start} + ${openLen}`,
+      `${ind2}  while (${j} + ${closeLen - 1} < input.length && !(${closeChk})) ${j}++`,
+      `${ind2}  if (${j} + ${closeLen} <= input.length && (${closeChk})) ${endV} = ${j} + ${closeLen}`,
+      `${ind2}}`
     ],
-    endVar: n === 1 ? "(j + 1 <= input.length ? j + 1 : input.length)" : `(j + ${n} <= input.length ? j + ${n} : input.length)`
+    ok: `${endV} > ${start}`,
+    end: endV
   };
 }
-function guardLine(shape) {
-  const cond = shape.kind === "chars" ? classCond("c", shape.ranges) : litCond("_e", shape.open, "c");
-  return `    if (${cond}) {`;
+function scanBranch(shape, mint) {
+  const m = emitShapeMatch(shape, "_e", mint, "    ", "c");
+  return [...m.setup, `    if (${m.end} > _e) { _e = ${m.end}; continue }`].join("\n");
 }
-function scanBranch(shape) {
-  if (shape.kind === "chars") {
-    return `    if (${classCond("c", shape.ranges)}) { _e++; continue }`;
-  }
-  const { setup, endVar } = advanceExpr(shape);
-  return [guardLine(shape), ...setup, `      _e = ${endVar}`, `      continue`, `    }`].join("\n");
-}
-function captureChunk(startVar, kindIndex) {
+function scanBranchLabeled(shape, kindIndex, mint) {
+  const m = emitShapeMatch(shape, "_e", mint, "    ", "c");
   return [
+    ...m.setup,
+    `    if (${m.end} > _e) {`,
     `      if (_cap) {`,
-    `        if (_ctx._triviaLog !== undefined) _ctx._triviaLog.push(${startVar}, _e, ${kindIndex})`,
-    `        if (_ctx._cstTriviaLog !== undefined) _ctx._cstTriviaLog.push(${startVar}, _e, _ctx._cstRawChildren ? _ctx._cstRawChildren.length : 0, ${kindIndex})`,
-    `      }`
-  ];
-}
-function scanBranchLabeled(shape, kindIndex) {
-  const { setup, endVar } = advanceExpr(shape);
-  const lines = [guardLine(shape), `      const _cs = _e`, ...setup];
-  if (endVar !== "_e") lines.push(`      _e = ${endVar}`);
-  lines.push(...captureChunk("_cs", kindIndex), `      continue`, `    }`);
-  return lines.join("\n");
+    `        if (_ctx._triviaLog !== undefined) _ctx._triviaLog.push(_e, ${m.end}, ${kindIndex})`,
+    `        if (_ctx._cstTriviaLog !== undefined) _ctx._cstTriviaLog.push(_e, ${m.end}, _ctx._cstRawChildren ? _ctx._cstRawChildren.length : 0, ${kindIndex})`,
+    `      }`,
+    `      _e = ${m.end}`,
+    `      continue`,
+    `    }`
+  ].join("\n");
 }
 
 // src/compiler/trivia-fast-path.ts
+function makeMint() {
+  let n = 0;
+  return (prefix = "_v") => `${prefix}${n++}`;
+}
 function unwrapTrivia2(p) {
   let cur = p;
   while (cur._def.tag === "trivia") cur = cur._def.parser;
@@ -1490,14 +2268,14 @@ function choiceArms(p) {
   return null;
 }
 function armShape(arm) {
-  const src = getCoreRegexDef(arm)?.source;
-  return src ? parseScanShape(src) : null;
+  const d = getCoreRegexDef(arm);
+  return d ? scanShapeFromRegex(d.source, d.flags) : null;
 }
 function analyzeTriviaFastPath(trivia2) {
   const core = unwrapTrivia2(trivia2);
-  const directSrc = getCoreRegexDef(core)?.source;
-  if (directSrc) {
-    const shape = parseScanShape(directSrc);
+  const directDef = getCoreRegexDef(core);
+  if (directDef) {
+    const shape = scanShapeFromRegex(directDef.source, directDef.flags);
     return shape && shape.kind === "chars" ? [shape] : null;
   }
   const inner = oneOrMoreInner(core);
@@ -1521,10 +2299,11 @@ var CAP_RECORD = [
   `  }`
 ].join("\n");
 function composeFastLoop(shapes) {
+  const mint = makeMint();
   return [
     `  while (_e < input.length) {`,
     `    const c = input.charCodeAt(_e)`,
-    ...shapes.map(scanBranch),
+    ...shapes.map((s) => scanBranch(s, mint)),
     `    break`,
     `  }`
   ].join("\n");
@@ -1544,20 +2323,21 @@ function analyzeLabeledScannableRun(trivia2) {
   if (!spec) return null;
   const out = [];
   for (const arm of spec.arms) {
-    const src = getCoreRegexDef(arm.parser)?.source;
-    const shape = src ? parseScanShape(src) : null;
+    const d = getCoreRegexDef(arm.parser);
+    const shape = d ? scanShapeFromRegex(d.source, d.flags) : null;
     if (!shape) return null;
     out.push({ shape, kindIndex: arm.kindIndex });
   }
   return out;
 }
 function buildLabeledScannableTriviaFnDecl(fnName, arms) {
+  const mint = makeMint();
   return [
     `function ${fnName}(input, _pos, _ctx, _cap) {`,
     `  let _e = _pos`,
     `  while (_e < input.length) {`,
     `    const c = input.charCodeAt(_e)`,
-    ...arms.map((a) => scanBranchLabeled(a.shape, a.kindIndex)),
+    ...arms.map((a) => scanBranchLabeled(a.shape, a.kindIndex, mint)),
     `    break`,
     `  }`,
     `  return _e`,
@@ -1634,6 +2414,15 @@ function buildLabeledRuntimeTriviaFnDecl(fnName, spec, rpStartIndex) {
   ].join("\n");
 }
 
+// src/compiler/scannable-terminal.ts
+function emitScannableTerminal(shape, c) {
+  const m = emitShapeMatch(shape, c.pos, c.fresh, c.ind);
+  const stmts = [...m.setup];
+  if (m.ok !== "true") stmts.push(...c.failIf(`!(${m.ok})`));
+  stmts.push(`${c.ind}const ${c.valueVar} = input.slice(${c.pos}, ${m.end})`);
+  return { stmts, endVar: m.end };
+}
+
 // src/compiler/inline-build.ts
 var MK_BUILD_RE = /^\(\s*(?:\w+\s*,\s*){3}\w+\s*\)\s*=>\s*mk\s*\(\s*(['"])([^'"]+)\1\s*,\s*\w+\s*,\s*\w+\s*,\s*\w+\s*,\s*\w+\s*\)\s*$/;
 function escapeRegExp(s) {
@@ -1755,14 +2544,45 @@ function failReturn(expected, posExpr) {
 function failReturnArr(expectedArr, posExpr) {
   return `return { ok: false, expected: ${expectedArr}, span: { start: ${posExpr}, end: ${posExpr} } }`;
 }
+function hoistExpected(ctx, constArrSource) {
+  let name = ctx.expectedMap.get(constArrSource);
+  if (name === void 0) {
+    name = `_fx${ctx.expectedDecls.length}`;
+    ctx.expectedDecls.push(`const ${name} = ${constArrSource}`);
+    ctx.expectedMap.set(constArrSource, name);
+  }
+  return name;
+}
 function failBody(ctx, expected, posExpr) {
-  if (ctx.failLabel) return `break ${ctx.failLabel}`;
+  if (ctx.failLabel) {
+    if (!ctx.recordFail) return `break ${ctx.failLabel}`;
+    return `{ _ctx._fe = ${posExpr}; _ctx._fx = ${hoistExpected(ctx, `[${expected}]`)}; break ${ctx.failLabel} }`;
+  }
   return failReturn(expected, posExpr);
 }
-function failArrBody(ctx, expectedArr, posExpr) {
-  if (ctx.failLabel) return `break ${ctx.failLabel}`;
+function failArrBody(ctx, expectedArr, posExpr, constant = true) {
+  if (ctx.failLabel) {
+    if (!ctx.recordFail) return `break ${ctx.failLabel}`;
+    const fx = constant ? hoistExpected(ctx, expectedArr) : expectedArr;
+    return `{ _ctx._fe = ${posExpr}; _ctx._fx = ${fx}; break ${ctx.failLabel} }`;
+  }
+  if (!constant) return `return { ok: false, expected: [...${expectedArr}], span: { start: ${posExpr}, end: ${posExpr} } }`;
   return failReturnArr(expectedArr, posExpr);
 }
+function resultFromRecorded(feExpr = "_ctx._fe", fxExpr = "_ctx._fx") {
+  return `return { ok: false, expected: [...${fxExpr}], span: { start: ${feExpr}, end: ${feExpr} } }`;
+}
+function propagateFailBody(ctx, srcCtx = "_ctx") {
+  if (srcCtx !== "_ctx") {
+    if (ctx.failLabel) {
+      if (!ctx.recordFail) return `break ${ctx.failLabel}`;
+      return `{ _ctx._fe = ${srcCtx}._fe; _ctx._fx = ${srcCtx}._fx; break ${ctx.failLabel} }`;
+    }
+    return `{ _ctx._fe = ${srcCtx}._fe; _ctx._fx = ${srcCtx}._fx; ${resultFromRecorded()} }`;
+  }
+  if (ctx.failLabel) return `break ${ctx.failLabel}`;
+  return resultFromRecorded();
+}
 function emitIfFail(ctx, cond, body) {
   return [
     `${ind(ctx)}if (${cond}) {`,
@@ -1798,13 +2618,15 @@ function pushNamedFnDecl(ctx, fnName, bodyStmts, valueVar, endVar) {
     `}`
   ].join("\n"));
 }
-function emitNamedFnCall(ctx, fnName, pos, failExpected) {
+function emitNamedFnCall(ctx, fnName, pos) {
   const vv = v(ctx, "_pfv");
   const ev = v(ctx, "_pfe");
   return {
     stmts: [
       `${ind(ctx)}const ${vv} = ${fnName}(input, ${pos}, _ctx)`,
-      ...emitIfFail(ctx, `${vv} === ${NAMED_FN_FAIL}`, failBody(ctx, failExpected, pos)),
+      // ref/lazy returns the inner failure verbatim — propagate the recorded
+      // deepest failure (shares _ctx with the named fn), not a "parser" label.
+      ...emitIfFail(ctx, `${vv} === ${NAMED_FN_FAIL}`, propagateFailBody(ctx)),
       `${ind(ctx)}const ${ev} = ${NAMED_FN_END}`
     ],
     valueVar: vv,
@@ -1914,6 +2736,27 @@ function firstSetCond(codeVar, fs) {
     (r) => r.lo === r.hi ? `${codeVar} === ${r.lo}` : `(${codeVar} >= ${r.lo} && ${codeVar} <= ${r.hi})`
   ).join(" || ");
 }
+var SWITCH_RANGE_LIMIT = 4;
+var SWITCH_MAX_CASES = 48;
+var SWITCH_MIN_CASES = 3;
+var _forceDisjointIf = false;
+function planDisjointDispatch(parsers) {
+  const cases = [];
+  let total = 0;
+  for (const p of parsers) {
+    const fs = p._meta.firstSet;
+    if (fs.kind !== "ranges") return { kind: "if" };
+    const pts = [];
+    for (const r of fs.ranges) {
+      if (r.hi - r.lo + 1 > SWITCH_RANGE_LIMIT) return { kind: "if" };
+      for (let cp = r.lo; cp <= r.hi; cp++) pts.push(cp);
+    }
+    total += pts.length;
+    if (total > SWITCH_MAX_CASES) return { kind: "if" };
+    cases.push(pts);
+  }
+  return total >= SWITCH_MIN_CASES ? { kind: "switch", cases } : { kind: "if" };
+}
 function captureRestoreBody(mL, mR, mTl, mLg) {
   const base = `if (_ctx._cstLeaves) _ctx._cstLeaves.length = ${mL}; if (_ctx._cstRawChildren) _ctx._cstRawChildren.length = ${mR}; if (_ctx._cstTriviaLog) _ctx._cstTriviaLog.length = ${mTl}`;
   return mLg ? `${base}; if (_ctx._triviaLog) _ctx._triviaLog.length = ${mLg}` : base;
@@ -2027,18 +2870,21 @@ function capturesLeaf(p, seen = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set()) {
       return true;
   }
 }
-function emitFallible(inner, ctx, pos) {
+function emitFallible(inner, ctx, pos, swallow = false) {
   const lbl = v(ctx, "_lbl");
   const okV = `${lbl}ok`;
   const valV = `${lbl}v`;
   const endV = `${lbl}e`;
   const savedLabel = ctx.failLabel;
   const savedIndent = ctx.indent;
+  const savedRecord = ctx.recordFail;
   ctx.failLabel = lbl;
   ctx.indent = savedIndent + 1;
+  if (swallow) ctx.recordFail = false;
   const r = emit(inner, ctx, pos);
   ctx.failLabel = savedLabel;
   ctx.indent = savedIndent;
+  ctx.recordFail = savedRecord;
   const ind0 = ind(ctx);
   const needsRollback = ctx.capturing && mayLeavePartialCapture(inner);
   const mL = needsRollback ? v(ctx, "_fcl") : null;
@@ -2061,6 +2907,7 @@ function emitFallible(inner, ctx, pos) {
   ];
   return { stmts, okVar: okV, valVar: valV, endVar: endV };
 }
+var CHARCODE_CHAIN_MAX = 16;
 function emitLit(def, ctx, pos) {
   const { value, caseInsensitive } = def;
   const len = value.length;
@@ -2083,7 +2930,7 @@ function emitLit(def, ctx, pos) {
       ...emitIfFail(ctx, `${pos} >= input.length || input.charCodeAt(${pos}) !== ${code}`, failBody(ctx, expectedStr, pos)),
       `${ind(ctx)}const ${vv} = ${JSON.stringify(value)}`
     );
-  } else if (len <= 4) {
+  } else if (len <= CHARCODE_CHAIN_MAX) {
     const checks = Array.from(
       { length: len },
       (_, i) => `input.charCodeAt(${pos}${i > 0 ? ` + ${i}` : ""}) !== ${value.codePointAt(i)}`
@@ -2105,7 +2952,55 @@ function emitLit(def, ctx, pos) {
 function escapeKeywordRe(s) {
   return s.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&");
 }
+function emitKeywordsFast(def, ctx, pos) {
+  if (def.words.length === 0 || def.words.some((w) => w.length === 0)) return null;
+  if (def.words.some((w) => Array.from(w).length !== w.length)) return null;
+  if (def.caseInsensitive && def.boundary) return null;
+  let boundary = null;
+  if (def.boundary) {
+    let body = def.boundary;
+    const negated = body.startsWith("^");
+    if (negated) body = body.slice(1);
+    const ranges = parseClassRanges(body);
+    if (!ranges) return null;
+    boundary = { ranges, negated };
+  }
+  const mint = (prefix = "_v") => v(ctx, prefix);
+  const lbl = v(ctx, "_kwLbl");
+  const valV = v(ctx, "_kwv");
+  const endV = v(ctx, "_kwe");
+  const bodyInd = ind(ctx) + "  ";
+  const tries = [];
+  for (const w of def.words) {
+    const cps = Array.from(w, (ch) => ch.codePointAt(0));
+    let shape = def.caseInsensitive ? { kind: "litFold", open: cps } : { kind: "seq", parts: [{ part: "lit", cps, optional: false }] };
+    if (boundary) {
+      shape = { kind: "lookahead", inner: shape, ranges: boundary.ranges, classNegated: boundary.negated, negative: true };
+    }
+    const m = emitShapeMatch(shape, pos, mint, bodyInd);
+    tries.push(
+      ...m.setup,
+      // Slice from input rather than reusing the literal word: `caseInsensitive`
+      // must return the text as it actually appeared (e.g. "ABC" for keyword
+      // "abc"), matching what the original `RegExp.exec()[0]` returned.
+      `${bodyInd}if (${m.ok}) { ${valV} = input.slice(${pos}, ${m.end}); ${endV} = ${m.end}; break ${lbl} }`
+    );
+  }
+  const stmts = [
+    `${ind(ctx)}let ${valV} = '', ${endV} = ${pos}`,
+    `${ind(ctx)}${lbl}: {`,
+    ...tries,
+    `${ind(ctx)}}`,
+    // Every word has length >= 1 (checked above), so a real match always
+    // advances past `pos` — `endV === pos` only happens when no candidate matched.
+    ...emitIfFail(ctx, `${endV} === ${pos}`, failBody(ctx, '"keyword"', pos))
+  ];
+  stmts.push(...emitLeafCapture(ctx, valV, pos, endV));
+  return { stmts, valueVar: valV, endVar: endV };
+}
 function emitKeywords(def, ctx, pos) {
+  const fast = emitKeywordsFast(def, ctx, pos);
+  if (fast) return fast;
   const alt = def.words.map(escapeKeywordRe).join("|");
   const boundary = def.boundary ? `(?![${def.boundary}])` : "";
   const flags = def.caseInsensitive ? "iuy" : "uy";
@@ -2130,6 +3025,22 @@ function emitKeywords(def, ctx, pos) {
   return { stmts, valueVar: vv, endVar };
 }
 function emitRegex(def, ctx, pos) {
+  const expectedStr = JSON.stringify(`/${def.source}/`);
+  const shape = scanShapeFromRegex(def.source, def.flags);
+  if (shape) {
+    const vv2 = v(ctx);
+    const scanned = emitScannableTerminal(shape, {
+      ind: ind(ctx),
+      pos,
+      valueVar: vv2,
+      failIf: (cond) => emitIfFail(ctx, cond, failBody(ctx, expectedStr, pos)),
+      fresh: (prefix) => v(ctx, prefix)
+    });
+    if (scanned) {
+      const stmts2 = [...scanned.stmts, ...emitLeafCapture(ctx, vv2, pos, scanned.endVar)];
+      return { stmts: stmts2, valueVar: vv2, endVar: scanned.endVar };
+    }
+  }
   const flags = "y" + def.flags.replace(/[gy]/g, "");
   const key = `${def.optimizedSource}/${flags}`;
   let rName = ctx.regexMap.get(key);
@@ -2140,7 +3051,6 @@ function emitRegex(def, ctx, pos) {
   }
   const mv = v(ctx, "_m");
   const vv = v(ctx);
-  const expectedStr = JSON.stringify(`/${def.source}/`);
   const stmts = [
     `${ind(ctx)}${rName}.lastIndex = ${pos}`,
     `${ind(ctx)}const ${mv} = ${rName}.exec(input)`,
@@ -2199,15 +3109,68 @@ function emitSeq(def, ctx, pos) {
   stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}const ${arrV} = [${valueVars.join(", ")}]`);
   return { stmts, valueVar: arrV, endVar };
 }
+function staticExpectedArr(parsers) {
+  return JSON.stringify(parsers.flatMap((p) => {
+    const e = staticExpected(p);
+    return e.length > 0 ? e : [p._tag];
+  }));
+}
+function failsAtStart(p) {
+  const d = p._def;
+  switch (d.tag) {
+    case "literal":
+    case "regex":
+    case "keywords":
+    case "guard":
+    case "not":
+      return true;
+    case "transform":
+    case "label":
+      return failsAtStart(d.parser);
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+function armStaticExpected(ctx, p) {
+  return hoistExpected(ctx, staticExpectedArr([p]));
+}
+function canMatchEmptyAtStart(p) {
+  const d = p._def;
+  switch (d.tag) {
+    case "regex":
+      return /(?:[*?]|\{0,|\{\d*,)/.test(d.source);
+    case "optional":
+      return true;
+    case "many":
+      return true;
+    case "transform":
+    case "label":
+      return canMatchEmptyAtStart(d.parser);
+    case "literal":
+      return d.value.length === 0;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+function needsFirstSetGuard(p) {
+  const fs = p._meta.firstSet;
+  return fs.kind !== "any" && !canMatchEmptyAtStart(p);
+}
+function emitDisjointArm(p, ctx, pos, valV, endV) {
+  if (failsAtStart(p)) {
+    const r = emit(p, ctx, pos);
+    return [...r.stmts, `${ind(ctx)}${valV} = ${r.valueVar}`, `${ind(ctx)}${endV} = ${r.endVar}`];
+  }
+  const { stmts, okVar, valVar, endVar } = emitFallible(p, ctx, pos);
+  return [
+    ...stmts,
+    ...emitIfFail(ctx, `!${okVar}`, failArrBody(ctx, "_ctx._fx", pos, false)),
+    `${ind(ctx)}${valV} = ${valVar}`,
+    `${ind(ctx)}${endV} = ${endVar}`
+  ];
+}
 function emitChoice(def, ctx, pos) {
-  const allExpected = JSON.stringify(
-    def.parsers.map((p) => {
-      const d = p._def;
-      if (d.tag === "literal") return JSON.stringify(d.value);
-      if (d.tag === "regex") return `/${d.source}/`;
-      return p._tag;
-    })
-  );
+  const allExpected = staticExpectedArr(def.parsers);
   if (def.disjoint) {
     const codeV = v(ctx, "_code");
     const valV = v(ctx, "_chv");
@@ -2216,6 +3179,27 @@ function emitChoice(def, ctx, pos) {
       `${ind(ctx)}const ${codeV} = ${pos} < input.length ? (input.codePointAt(${pos}) ?? -1) : -1`,
       `${ind(ctx)}let ${valV}, ${endV} = ${pos}`
     ];
+    const plan = _forceDisjointIf ? { kind: "if" } : planDisjointDispatch(def.parsers);
+    if (plan.kind === "switch") {
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}switch (${codeV}) {`);
+      ctx.indent++;
+      for (let i = 0; i < def.parsers.length; i++) {
+        const p = def.parsers[i];
+        for (const cp of plan.cases[i]) stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}case ${cp}:`);
+        stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}{`);
+        ctx.indent++;
+        stmts.push(
+          ...emitDisjointArm(p, ctx, pos, valV, endV),
+          `${ind(ctx)}break`
+        );
+        ctx.indent--;
+        stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}}`);
+      }
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}default: ${failArrBody(ctx, allExpected, pos)}`);
+      ctx.indent--;
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}}`);
+      return { stmts, valueVar: valV, endVar: endV };
+    }
     let first = true;
     for (const p of def.parsers) {
       const cond = firstSetCond(codeV, p._meta.firstSet);
@@ -2223,10 +3207,7 @@ function emitChoice(def, ctx, pos) {
       first = false;
       stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}${kw} (${cond}) {`);
       ctx.indent++;
-      const r = emit(p, ctx, pos);
-      stmts.push(...r.stmts);
-      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}${valV} = ${r.valueVar}`);
-      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}${endV} = ${r.endVar}`);
+      stmts.push(...emitDisjointArm(p, ctx, pos, valV, endV));
       ctx.indent--;
       stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}}`);
     }
@@ -2235,7 +3216,7 @@ function emitChoice(def, ctx, pos) {
   }
   return emitNonDisjoint(def, def.strategy, allExpected, ctx, pos);
 }
-function emitGreedyClassify(def, superIndex, allExpected, ctx, pos) {
+function emitGreedyClassify(def, superIndex, ctx, pos) {
   const superParser = def.parsers[superIndex];
   const regexDef = getCoreRegexDef(superParser);
   const cleanFlags = "y" + regexDef.flags.replace(/[gy]/g, "");
@@ -2250,10 +3231,11 @@ function emitGreedyClassify(def, superIndex, allExpected, ctx, pos) {
   const wordV = v(ctx, "_gw");
   const endV = v(ctx, "_ge");
   const valV = v(ctx, "_gcv");
+  const regexExpected = JSON.stringify(staticExpected(superParser));
   const stmts = [
     `${ind(ctx)}${reVar}.lastIndex = ${pos}`,
     `${ind(ctx)}const ${matchV} = ${reVar}.exec(input)`,
-    ...emitIfFail(ctx, `${matchV} === null`, failArrBody(ctx, allExpected, pos)),
+    ...emitIfFail(ctx, `${matchV} === null`, failArrBody(ctx, regexExpected, pos)),
     `${ind(ctx)}const ${wordV} = ${matchV}[0]`,
     `${ind(ctx)}const ${endV} = ${pos} + ${wordV}.length`,
     `${ind(ctx)}let ${valV}`
@@ -2311,18 +3293,25 @@ function emitLiteralsLongestFirst(def, sortedIndices, allExpected, ctx, pos) {
   stmts.push(...emitElseFail(ctx, failArrBody(ctx, allExpected, pos)));
   return { stmts, valueVar: valV, endVar: endV };
 }
-function emitFirstMatch(def, allExpected, ctx, pos) {
+function emitFirstMatch(def, ctx, pos) {
   const resValV = v(ctx, "_crv");
   const resEndV = v(ctx, "_cre");
   const resOkV = v(ctx, "_crok");
+  const codeV = v(ctx, "_chcode");
+  const slots = def.parsers.map(() => v(ctx, "_cfx"));
   const ind0 = ind(ctx);
   const stmts = [
-    `${ind0}let ${resValV}, ${resEndV} = ${pos}, ${resOkV} = false`
+    `${ind0}let ${resValV}, ${resEndV} = ${pos}, ${resOkV} = false`,
+    `${ind0}let ${slots.join(", ")}`,
+    `${ind0}const ${codeV} = ${pos} < input.length ? (input.codePointAt(${pos}) ?? -1) : -1`
   ];
   for (let i = 0; i < def.parsers.length; i++) {
     const p = def.parsers[i];
     const gate = def.gates[i];
     const autoNot = def.autoNot[i];
+    const atStart = failsAtStart(p);
+    const staticFx = armStaticExpected(ctx, p);
+    const fsGuard = needsFirstSetGuard(p) ? firstSetCond(codeV, p._meta.firstSet) : null;
     let gateCond = null;
     if (gate) {
       const gateIdx = ctx.mapFns.length;
@@ -2337,49 +3326,53 @@ function emitFirstMatch(def, allExpected, ctx, pos) {
     const markTl = armNeedsRollback ? v(ctx, "_cmtl") : null;
     const markLog = armNeedsRollback ? v(ctx, "_cmlg") : null;
     const rollback = markLeaves ? captureRestoreBody(markLeaves, markRaw, markTl, markLog) : "";
+    const failSlot = atStart ? staticFx : "_ctx._fx";
     stmts.push(`${ind0}if (${skipCond}) {`);
-    ctx.indent++;
-    const ind1 = ind(ctx);
+    if (fsGuard) stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}if (${fsGuard}) {`);
+    ctx.indent += fsGuard ? 2 : 1;
     if (markLeaves) {
       stmts.push(
-        `${ind1}const ${markLeaves} = _ctx._cstLeaves?.length ?? 0`,
-        `${ind1}const ${markRaw} = _ctx._cstRawChildren?.length ?? 0`,
-        `${ind1}const ${markTl} = _ctx._cstTriviaLog?.length ?? 0`,
-        `${ind1}const ${markLog} = _ctx._triviaLog?.length ?? 0`
+        `${ind(ctx)}const ${markLeaves} = _ctx._cstLeaves?.length ?? 0`,
+        `${ind(ctx)}const ${markRaw} = _ctx._cstRawChildren?.length ?? 0`,
+        `${ind(ctx)}const ${markTl} = _ctx._cstTriviaLog?.length ?? 0`,
+        `${ind(ctx)}const ${markLog} = _ctx._triviaLog?.length ?? 0`
       );
     }
-    const { stmts: armStmts, okVar, valVar, endVar } = emitFallible(p, ctx, pos);
+    const { stmts: armStmts, okVar, valVar, endVar } = emitFallible(p, ctx, pos, atStart);
     stmts.push(...armStmts);
-    ctx.indent--;
     if (autoNot && autoNot.length > 0) {
       const anCode = v(ctx, "_anc");
       const rejectCond = autoNot.map(
         (check) => check.kind === "firstSet" ? firstSetCond(anCode, check.set) : `input.startsWith(${JSON.stringify(check.value)}, ${endVar})`
       ).join(" || ");
-      stmts.push(`${ind0}  if (${okVar}) {`);
-      stmts.push(`${ind0}    const ${anCode} = ${endVar} < input.length ? input.charCodeAt(${endVar}) : -1`);
-      stmts.push(`${ind0}    if (!(${rejectCond})) {`);
-      stmts.push(`${ind0}      ${resValV} = ${valVar}`);
-      stmts.push(`${ind0}      ${resEndV} = ${endVar}`);
-      stmts.push(`${ind0}      ${resOkV} = true`);
-      stmts.push(`${ind0}    }`);
-      stmts.push(`${ind0}  }`);
-      if (rollback) stmts.push(`${ind0}  if (!${resOkV}) { ${rollback} }`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}if (${okVar}) {`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}  const ${anCode} = ${endVar} < input.length ? input.charCodeAt(${endVar}) : -1`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}  if (!(${rejectCond})) {`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}    ${resValV} = ${valVar}`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}    ${resEndV} = ${endVar}`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}    ${resOkV} = true`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}  }`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}}`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}else { ${slots[i]} = ${failSlot} }`);
+      if (rollback) stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}if (!${resOkV}) { ${rollback} }`);
     } else {
-      stmts.push(`${ind0}  if (${okVar}) { ${resValV} = ${valVar}; ${resEndV} = ${endVar}; ${resOkV} = true }`);
-      if (rollback) stmts.push(`${ind0}  else { ${rollback} }`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}if (${okVar}) { ${resValV} = ${valVar}; ${resEndV} = ${endVar}; ${resOkV} = true }`);
+      stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}else { ${slots[i]} = ${failSlot}${rollback ? `; ${rollback}` : ""} }`);
     }
+    ctx.indent -= fsGuard ? 2 : 1;
+    if (fsGuard) stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}} else { ${slots[i]} = ${staticFx} }`);
     stmts.push(`${ind0}}`);
   }
-  stmts.push(...emitIfFail(ctx, `!${resOkV}`, failArrBody(ctx, allExpected, pos)));
+  const concatExpr = `[${slots.map((s) => `...(${s} || [])`).join(", ")}]`;
+  stmts.push(...emitIfFail(ctx, `!${resOkV}`, failArrBody(ctx, concatExpr, pos, false)));
   return { stmts, valueVar: resValV, endVar: resEndV };
 }
 function emitNonDisjoint(def, strategy, allExpected, ctx, pos) {
   if (strategy.tag === "greedyClassify")
-    return emitGreedyClassify(def, strategy.superIndex, allExpected, ctx, pos);
+    return emitGreedyClassify(def, strategy.superIndex, ctx, pos);
   if (strategy.tag === "literalsLongestFirst")
     return emitLiteralsLongestFirst(def, strategy.sortedIndices, allExpected, ctx, pos);
-  return emitFirstMatch(def, allExpected, ctx, pos);
+  return emitFirstMatch(def, ctx, pos);
 }
 function emitTransformChain(p, baseValue, endV, startPos, ctx) {
   const def = p._def;
@@ -2400,7 +3393,7 @@ function emitTransformChain(p, baseValue, endV, startPos, ctx) {
 function emitLiteralCondition(litVal, pos) {
   const len = litVal.length;
   if (len === 0) return "true";
-  if (len > 4) return `input.startsWith(${JSON.stringify(litVal)}, ${pos})`;
+  if (len > CHARCODE_CHAIN_MAX) return `input.startsWith(${JSON.stringify(litVal)}, ${pos})`;
   const checks = [`${pos} + ${len} <= input.length`];
   for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
     const code = litVal.codePointAt(i);
@@ -2449,7 +3442,7 @@ function emitMany(def, ctx, pos) {
       itemPos = npV;
     }
   }
-  const { stmts: iterStmts, okVar: iterOk, valVar: iterVal, endVar: iterEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, itemPos);
+  const { stmts: iterStmts, okVar: iterOk, valVar: iterVal, endVar: iterEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, itemPos, true);
   stmts.push(
     ...iterStmts,
     `${ind(ctx)}if (!${iterOk} || ${iterEnd} <= ${itemPos}) { ${rollback}break }`,
@@ -2463,7 +3456,7 @@ function emitMany(def, ctx, pos) {
 function emitOptional(def, ctx, pos) {
   const valV = v(ctx, "_opt");
   const endV = v(ctx, "_opte");
-  const { stmts: lblStmts, okVar, valVar, endVar } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, pos);
+  const { stmts: lblStmts, okVar, valVar, endVar } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, pos, true);
   const ind0 = ind(ctx);
   const stmts = [
     ...lblStmts,
@@ -2475,7 +3468,7 @@ function emitOptional(def, ctx, pos) {
 function emitSepBy(_p, def, ctx, pos) {
   const arrV = v(ctx, "_arr");
   const curV = v(ctx, "_cur");
-  const { stmts: firstStmts, okVar: firstOk, valVar: firstVal, endVar: firstEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, pos);
+  const { stmts: firstStmts, okVar: firstOk, valVar: firstVal, endVar: firstEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, pos, true);
   const stmts = [
     `${ind(ctx)}const ${arrV} = []`,
     `${ind(ctx)}let ${curV} = ${pos}`,
@@ -2507,11 +3500,11 @@ function emitSepBy(_p, def, ctx, pos) {
       );
       sepAtPos = spV;
       const rollbackToSep = `if (_ctx._cstLeaves) _ctx._cstLeaves.length = ${markLv}; if (_ctx._cstRawChildren) _ctx._cstRawChildren.length = ${markV}; if (_ctx._cstTriviaLog) _ctx._cstTriviaLog.length = ${markTl}; if (_ctx._triviaLog) _ctx._triviaLog.length = ${markLog}; `;
-      const { stmts: sepStmts, okVar: sepOk, endVar: sepEnd } = emitFallible(def.separator, ctx, sepAtPos);
+      const { stmts: sepStmts, okVar: sepOk, endVar: sepEnd } = emitFallible(def.separator, ctx, sepAtPos, true);
       stmts.push(...sepStmts, `${ind(ctx)}if (!${sepOk}) { ${rollbackToSep}break }`);
       const npV = v(ctx, "_np");
       stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}const ${npV} = ${capFn}(input, ${sepEnd}, _ctx, 1)`);
-      const { stmts: nextStmts, okVar: nextOk, valVar: nextVal, endVar: nextEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, npV);
+      const { stmts: nextStmts, okVar: nextOk, valVar: nextVal, endVar: nextEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, npV, true);
       stmts.push(
         ...nextStmts,
         // item failed → unwind the separator too, back to the end of the last item
@@ -2524,11 +3517,11 @@ function emitSepBy(_p, def, ctx, pos) {
       const spV = v(ctx, "_sp");
       stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}const ${spV} = ${trivFn}(input, ${curV}, _ctx)`);
       sepAtPos = spV;
-      const { stmts: sepStmts, okVar: sepOk, endVar: sepEnd } = emitFallible(def.separator, ctx, sepAtPos);
+      const { stmts: sepStmts, okVar: sepOk, endVar: sepEnd } = emitFallible(def.separator, ctx, sepAtPos, true);
       stmts.push(...sepStmts, `${ind(ctx)}if (!${sepOk}) break`);
       const npV = v(ctx, "_np");
       stmts.push(`${ind(ctx)}const ${npV} = ${trivFn}(input, ${sepEnd}, _ctx)`);
-      const { stmts: nextStmts, okVar: nextOk, valVar: nextVal, endVar: nextEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, npV);
+      const { stmts: nextStmts, okVar: nextOk, valVar: nextVal, endVar: nextEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, npV, true);
       stmts.push(
         ...nextStmts,
         `${ind(ctx)}if (!${nextOk}) break`,
@@ -2545,10 +3538,10 @@ function emitSepBy(_p, def, ctx, pos) {
         `${ind(ctx)}const ${markRw} = _ctx._cstRawChildren ? _ctx._cstRawChildren.length : 0`
       );
     }
-    const { stmts: sepStmts, okVar: sepOk, endVar: sepEnd } = emitFallible(def.separator, ctx, sepAtPos);
+    const { stmts: sepStmts, okVar: sepOk, endVar: sepEnd } = emitFallible(def.separator, ctx, sepAtPos, true);
     stmts.push(...sepStmts, `${ind(ctx)}if (!${sepOk}) break`);
     const nextRb = markLv ? `if (_ctx._cstLeaves) _ctx._cstLeaves.length = ${markLv}; if (_ctx._cstRawChildren) _ctx._cstRawChildren.length = ${markRw}; ` : "";
-    const { stmts: nextStmts, okVar: nextOk, valVar: nextVal, endVar: nextEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, sepEnd);
+    const { stmts: nextStmts, okVar: nextOk, valVar: nextVal, endVar: nextEnd } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, sepEnd, true);
     stmts.push(
       ...nextStmts,
       `${ind(ctx)}if (!${nextOk}) { ${nextRb}break }`,
@@ -2606,11 +3599,12 @@ function emitScanTo(def, ctx, pos) {
   return { stmts, valueVar: valV, endVar: curV };
 }
 function emitNot(def, ctx, pos) {
-  const { stmts, okVar } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, pos);
+  const { stmts, okVar } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, pos, true);
+  const label2 = JSON.stringify(`not(${def.parser._tag})`);
   return {
     stmts: [
       ...stmts,
-      ...emitIfFail(ctx, okVar, failBody(ctx, '"not"', pos))
+      ...emitIfFail(ctx, okVar, failBody(ctx, label2, pos))
     ],
     valueVar: "null",
     endVar: pos
@@ -2642,7 +3636,7 @@ function emitNode(def, ctx, pos) {
   const { stmts: innerStmts, okVar, endVar } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, pos);
   stmts.push(...innerStmts);
   stmts.push(`${i}_ctx._cstChildren = ${sc}; _ctx._cstLeaves = ${sl}; _ctx._cstRawChildren = ${sr}; _ctx.captureTrivia = ${st}; _ctx._cstTriviaLog = ${stl}`);
-  stmts.push(...emitIfFail(ctx, `!${okVar}`, failBody(ctx, '"node"', pos)));
+  stmts.push(...emitIfFail(ctx, `!${okVar}`, propagateFailBody(ctx)));
   let stV = "undefined";
   if (clonesState) {
     stV = v(ctx, "_nst");
@@ -2664,9 +3658,10 @@ function emitRuntimeFallback(parser2, ctx, pos) {
   const rv = v(ctx, "_rt");
   const vv = v(ctx, "_rtv");
   const ev = v(ctx, "_rte");
+  const failStmt = ctx.failLabel ? ctx.recordFail ? `{ _ctx._fe = ${rv}.span.start; _ctx._fx = ${rv}.expected; break ${ctx.failLabel} }` : `break ${ctx.failLabel}` : `return { ok: false, expected: ${rv}.expected, span: ${rv}.span }`;
   const stmts = [
     `${ind(ctx)}const ${rv} = _rp[${idx}].parse(input, ${pos}, _ctx)`,
-    ...emitIfFail(ctx, `!${rv}.ok`, failBody(ctx, '"runtime"', pos)),
+    ...emitIfFail(ctx, `!${rv}.ok`, failStmt),
     `${ind(ctx)}const ${vv} = ${rv}.value`,
     `${ind(ctx)}const ${ev} = ${rv}.span.end`
   ];
@@ -2695,15 +3690,18 @@ function emitLazy(p, def, ctx, pos) {
     }
     const savedIndent = ctx.indent;
     const savedFailLabel = ctx.failLabel;
+    const savedRecord = ctx.recordFail;
     ctx.indent = 1;
     ctx.failLabel = "_pfail";
+    ctx.recordFail = true;
     const r = emit(resolved, ctx, "_pos");
     ctx.indent = savedIndent;
     ctx.failLabel = savedFailLabel;
+    ctx.recordFail = savedRecord;
     pushNamedFnDecl(ctx, fnName2, r.stmts, r.valueVar, r.endVar);
   }
   const fnName = ctx.namedParsers.get(p);
-  return emitNamedFnCall(ctx, fnName, pos, '"parser"');
+  return emitNamedFnCall(ctx, fnName, pos);
 }
 function emitRecover(def, ctx, pos) {
   const { stmts: innerStmts, okVar, valVar, endVar } = emitFallible(def.parser, ctx, pos);
@@ -2721,7 +3719,7 @@ function emitRecover(def, ctx, pos) {
     `${ind0}    if (${sentOk}) break`,
     `${ind0}    ${scanV}++`,
     `${ind0}  }`,
-    `${ind0}  const ${errV} = { _tag: 'parseError', span: { start: ${pos}, end: ${scanV} }, expected: [] }`,
+    `${ind0}  const ${errV} = { _tag: 'parseError', span: { start: ${pos}, end: ${scanV} }, expected: ${JSON.stringify(staticExpected(def.parser))} }`,
     `${ind0}  if (_ctx._errors) _ctx._errors.push(${errV})`,
     `${ind0}  ${valVar} = ${errV}`,
     `${ind0}  ${endVar} = ${scanV}`,
@@ -2879,11 +3877,14 @@ function emit(p, ctx, pos) {
         ctx.namedParsers.set(innerParser, fnName);
         const savedIndent = ctx.indent;
         const savedFailLabel = ctx.failLabel;
+        const savedRecord = ctx.recordFail;
         ctx.indent = 1;
         ctx.failLabel = "_pfail";
+        ctx.recordFail = true;
         const innerR = emit(innerParser, ctx, "_pos");
         ctx.indent = savedIndent;
         ctx.failLabel = savedFailLabel;
+        ctx.recordFail = savedRecord;
         pushNamedFnDecl(ctx, fnName, innerR.stmts, innerR.valueVar, innerR.endVar);
       }
       const fn = ctx.namedParsers.get(innerParser);
@@ -2894,7 +3895,9 @@ function emit(p, ctx, pos) {
         stmts: [
           `${ind(ctx)}const ${rv} = { ..._ctx, state: _mf[${evIdx}]() }`,
           `${ind(ctx)}const ${vv} = ${fn}(input, ${pos}, ${rv})`,
-          ...emitIfFail(ctx, `${vv} === ${NAMED_FN_FAIL}`, failBody(ctx, '"withCtx"', pos)),
+          // withCtx runs on a spread child ctx — copy its recorded failure back
+          // and propagate the inner failure verbatim (interpreter parity).
+          ...emitIfFail(ctx, `${vv} === ${NAMED_FN_FAIL}`, propagateFailBody(ctx, rv)),
           `${ind(ctx)}const ${ev} = ${NAMED_FN_END}`
         ],
         valueVar: vv,
@@ -2995,7 +3998,7 @@ function analyzeLazyUsageMulti(roots) {
   const recursive = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
   const descended = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
   const active = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
-  function walk(p) {
+  function walk2(p) {
     const def = p._def;
     if (def.tag === "lazy") {
       counts.set(p, (counts.get(p) ?? 0) + 1);
@@ -3012,13 +4015,13 @@ function analyzeLazyUsageMulti(roots) {
         return;
       }
       active.add(p);
-      walk(resolved);
+      walk2(resolved);
       active.delete(p);
       return;
     }
-    for (const child of childrenOf(def)) walk(child);
+    for (const child of childrenOf(def)) walk2(child);
   }
-  for (const root of roots) walk(root);
+  for (const root of roots) walk2(root);
   return { counts, recursive };
 }
 function compile(combinator, mapFnSources) {
@@ -3027,6 +4030,9 @@ function compile(combinator, mapFnSources) {
     indent: 1,
     regexDecls: [],
     regexMap: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+    expectedDecls: [],
+    expectedMap: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+    recordFail: true,
     mapFns: [],
     mapFnSrcs: [],
     buildFns: [],
@@ -3048,6 +4054,7 @@ function compile(combinator, mapFnSources) {
   const source = [
     ...emptyTlDecls,
     ...ctx.regexDecls,
+    ...ctx.expectedDecls,
     "",
     ...namedPrelude,
     ctx.namedFnDecls.join("\n\n"),
@@ -3060,6 +4067,7 @@ function compile(combinator, mapFnSources) {
   const fn = new Function("input", "_pos", "_rp", "_mf", "_build", "_ctx", [
     ...emptyTlDecls,
     ...ctx.regexDecls,
+    ...ctx.expectedDecls,
     collatorDecl,
     ...namedPrelude,
     ...ctx.namedFnDecls.flatMap((decl, i) => i > 0 ? ["", decl] : [decl]),
@@ -3113,12 +4121,13 @@ function buildInlineExpression(ctx, r, collatorDecl, mapFnSources, buildSources)
   const mfDecl = mapFnSources?.length ? `  const _mf = [${mapFnSources.join(", ")}]` : "";
   const buildDecl = buildSources?.length ? `  const _build = [${buildSources.join(", ")}]` : "";
   const emptyTlDecl = ctx.needsEmptyTl ? `  const _EMPTY_TL = Object.freeze([])` : "";
-  const needsWrapper = ctx.regexDecls.length > 0 || !!collatorDecl || ctx.namedFnDecls.length > 0 || !!mfDecl || !!buildDecl || !!emptyTlDecl;
+  const needsWrapper = ctx.regexDecls.length > 0 || ctx.expectedDecls.length > 0 || !!collatorDecl || ctx.namedFnDecls.length > 0 || !!mfDecl || !!buildDecl || !!emptyTlDecl;
   if (!needsWrapper) return innerFn;
   const namedPrelude = ctx.namedFnDecls.length > 0 ? namedFnPrelude() : [];
   const hoistedDecls = [
     emptyTlDecl,
     ...ctx.regexDecls.map((d) => `  ${d}`),
+    ...ctx.expectedDecls.map((d) => `  ${d}`),
     collatorDecl ? `  ${collatorDecl.trim()}` : "",
     mfDecl,
     buildDecl,
@@ -3179,6 +4188,7 @@ function recover(combinator, sentinel) {
     canMatchNewline: true,
     isTrivia: false
   };
+  const expected = staticExpected(combinator);
   return {
     _tag: "recover",
     _meta: meta,
@@ -3194,7 +4204,7 @@ function recover(combinator, sentinel) {
       const error = {
         _tag: "parseError",
         span: { start: pos, end: scanPos },
-        expected: result.expected
+        expected
       };
       ctx._errors?.push(error);
       return { ok: true, value: error, span: { start: pos, end: scanPos } };
@@ -3205,58 +4215,6 @@ function isParseError(value) {
   return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && value._tag === "parseError";
 }
 
-// src/combinators/expect.ts
-function staticExpected(c) {
-  const def = c._def;
-  switch (def.tag) {
-    case "literal":
-      return [JSON.stringify(def.value)];
-    case "regex":
-      return [`/${def.source}/`];
-    case "keywords":
-      return def.words.map((w) => JSON.stringify(w));
-    case "label":
-      return [def.label];
-    case "choice":
-      return def.parsers.flatMap(staticExpected);
-    case "sequence":
-      return def.parsers.length > 0 ? staticExpected(def.parsers[0]) : [];
-    case "node":
-    case "grammar":
-    case "trivia":
-    case "optional":
-    case "many":
-    case "oneOrMore":
-    case "transform":
-    case "not":
-      return staticExpected(def.parser);
-    case "lazy":
-      return staticExpected(def.thunk());
-    default:
-      return [];
-  }
-}
-function expect(combinator, label2) {
-  const expected = label2 !== void 0 ? [label2] : staticExpected(combinator);
-  const meta = {
-    firstSet: combinator._meta.firstSet,
-    canMatchNewline: combinator._meta.canMatchNewline,
-    isTrivia: false
-  };
-  return {
-    _tag: "expect",
-    _meta: meta,
-    _def: { tag: "expect", parser: combinator, label: label2, expected },
-    parse(input, pos, ctx) {
-      const result = combinator.parse(input, pos, ctx);
-      if (result.ok) return result;
-      const error = { _tag: "parseError", span: { start: pos, end: pos }, expected };
-      ctx._errors?.push(error);
-      return { ok: true, value: error, span: { start: pos, end: pos } };
-    }
-  };
-}
-
 // src/combinators/completions.ts
 function completionsAt(combinator, input, offset) {
   const probe = { offset, best: null };
@@ -3366,6 +4324,23 @@ function escapeClassChar(ch) {
   return ch.replace(/[\\\]^-]/g, "\\$&");
 }
 
+// src/combinators/recover-list.ts
+function tolerantElement(item, sentinel, until) {
+  const el = transform(
+    sequence(not(until), recover(item, sentinel)),
+    ([, value]) => value
+  );
+  if (el._def.tag === "transform") el._def.fnSrc = "([, value]) => value";
+  return el;
+}
+function sepByRecover(item, separator, until) {
+  const sentinel = choice(separator, until);
+  return sepBy(tolerantElement(item, sentinel, until), separator);
+}
+function manyRecover(item, until) {
+  return many(tolerantElement(item, until, until));
+}
+
 // src/functional/doc.ts
 function isNode(x) {
   return typeof x === "object" && x !== null && x._tag === "node";
@@ -3427,7 +4402,7 @@ function graftAndShift(root, path, newNode, delta) {
     children: newChildren
   };
 }
-var FunctionalDocImpl = class _FunctionalDocImpl {
+var ParseDocImpl = class _ParseDocImpl {
   _registry;
   _rootRule;
   _opts;
@@ -3444,7 +4419,7 @@ var FunctionalDocImpl = class _FunctionalDocImpl {
   }
   edit(from, to, replacement) {
     const newInput = this.input.slice(0, from) + replacement + this.input.slice(to);
-    const reparse = () => makeFunctionalDoc(this._registry, this._rootRule, newInput, this._opts);
+    const reparse = () => parseDoc(this._registry, this._rootRule, newInput, this._opts);
     if (!this.tree) return reparse();
     const delta = replacement.length - (to - from);
     const found = findContaining(this.tree, from);
@@ -3466,25 +4441,25 @@ var FunctionalDocImpl = class _FunctionalDocImpl {
       if (r.span.end === node2.span.end + delta) {
         if (delta === 0) {
           const newTree2 = replaceAtPath(rebuild, this.tree, path, r.value);
-          return new _FunctionalDocImpl(this._registry, this._rootRule, this._opts, newTree2, [], newInput);
+          return new _ParseDocImpl(this._registry, this._rootRule, this._opts, newTree2, [], newInput);
         }
         if (this._opts.rebuild) return reparse();
         const newTree = graftAndShift(this.tree, path, r.value, delta);
-        return new _FunctionalDocImpl(this._registry, this._rootRule, this._opts, newTree, [], newInput);
+        return new _ParseDocImpl(this._registry, this._rootRule, this._opts, newTree, [], newInput);
       }
     }
     return reparse();
   }
 };
-function makeFunctionalDoc(registry, rootRule, input, opts = {}) {
+function parseDoc(registry, rootRule, input, opts = {}) {
   const ruleFn = registry[rootRule];
   if (!ruleFn) throw new Error(`No rule '${rootRule}' in registry`);
   const ctx = { trackLines: false, state: opts.state };
   const r = ruleFn(input, 0, ctx);
   if (r.ok) {
-    return new FunctionalDocImpl(registry, rootRule, opts, r.value, [], input);
+    return new ParseDocImpl(registry, rootRule, opts, r.value, [], input);
   }
-  return new FunctionalDocImpl(registry, rootRule, opts, null, [{ ok: false, expected: r.expected, span: r.span }], input);
+  return new ParseDocImpl(registry, rootRule, opts, null, [{ ok: false, expected: r.expected, span: r.span }], input);
 }
 
 // src/cst/trivia-index.ts
@@ -3553,6 +4528,41 @@ function buildTriviaIndex(root, input = "", opts) {
   return { before, after };
 }
 
+// src/cst/walk.ts
+function walk(root, visitor, ctx = void 0) {
+  const go = (node2, parent) => {
+    const descend = visitor.enter ? visitor.enter(node2, parent, ctx) : void 0;
+    const children = node2.children;
+    if (descend !== false && Array.isArray(children)) {
+      for (const child of children) go(child, node2);
+    }
+    visitor.leave?.(node2, parent, ctx);
+  };
+  go(root, null);
+}
+function createVisitor(handlers) {
+  const api = {
+    visit(node2) {
+      const handler = node2.type !== void 0 ? handlers[node2.type] : void 0;
+      if (handler) return handler(node2, api);
+      api.visitChildren(node2);
+      return void 0;
+    },
+    visitChildren(node2) {
+      const out = [];
+      const children = node2.children;
+      if (Array.isArray(children)) {
+        for (const child of children) {
+          const r = api.visit(child);
+          if (r !== void 0) out.push(r);
+        }
+      }
+      return out;
+    }
+  };
+  return (node2) => api.visit(node2);
+}
+
 // src/cst/trivia-entries.ts
 function entryOffset(i, stride) {
   return i * stride;
@@ -3594,15 +4604,16 @@ export {
   choice,
   compile,
   completionsAt,
+  createVisitor,
   expect,
   guard,
   isParseError,
   keywords,
   label,
   literal,
-  makeFunctionalDoc,
   makeWord,
   many,
+  manyRecover,
   noTrivia,
   node,
   not,
@@ -3610,6 +4621,7 @@ export {
   oneOrMore,
   optional,
   parse,
+  parseDoc,
   parser,
   recover,
   ref,
@@ -3617,12 +4629,14 @@ export {
   rules,
   scanTo,
   sepBy,
+  sepByRecover,
   sequence,
   skip,
   staticExpected,
   transform,
   trivia,
   triviaEntries,
+  walk,
   withCtx,
   word
 };